natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Aktuelt anbefales forskellige indikationer og doseringer, men zinkoxid anvendes primært i foder i daglige doser på 100 mg pr. kg legemsvægt i 14 dage i træk, svarende til 2 500 ppm zink i foder. 
Different indications and dosages are currently recommended, but zinc oxide is mainly used in the feed at a dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight (bw) per day for 14 consecutive days, that is 2500 ppm zinc in feed.
Vurdering af benefit/risk-forholdet og konklusioner 
Evaluation and conclusions on the benefit-risk balance
Det er således uklart, om zinkoxid fortsat har gavnlig effekt efter behandlingsophør. 
Therefore, the continued beneficial effect of zinc oxide after cessation of treatment remains unclear.
• I gennemsnit vil zink om ca. 31 år udgøre en risiko for arter, der findes i sandjord. 
• A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species will on average be reached in approximately 31 years in sandy soils.
Markedsføringstilladelsesindehaverne har ikke indsendt egne data eller resultater fra kliniske undersøgelser, der kan understøtte de pågældende indikationer og doseringer. 
No original proprietary data or clinical trials were submitted by the marketing authorisation holders in support of the indications and dose.
For at vurdere risikoen for de enkelte delmiljøer efter udbredt anvendelse af gødning på jord blev PECog PNEC-værdierne for de enkelte FOCUS21-scenarier, baseret på data for Gutal, sammenlignet på tre tidspunkter (år 2020, 2040 og 2060) ved brug af to doseringer: en dosering på 7 kg zink ha-1 a-1 og en lavere dosering på 4 kg zink ha-1 a-1. 
Based on the data on Gutal, to assess the risk for each compartment following extended application of manure to land, PECs and PNEC values for each FOCUS21 scenario were compared at three time points (years: 2020, 2040, 2060), using two application rates: application rate of 7 kg zinc ha-1 a-1 and a lower application rate of 4 kg zinc ha-1 a-1.
Der sås signifikant effekt på antallet af smågrise med diarré ved tilskud af zink i foderet. 
The percentage of piglets with diarrhoea was significantly influenced by the administration of zinc in feed.
• I gennemsnit vil zink om ca. 55 år udgøre en risiko for arter, der findes i lerjord. 
• A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species will on average be reached in approximately 55 years in clay soils;
Derudover konkluderer forfatterne, at den aktuelle anvendelse af zink i svineproduktionen i Danmark kan medføre, at der udvaskes zink fra marker, som gødes med svinegylle, til vandmiljøerne i koncentrationer, der kan udgøre en risiko for akvatiske arter. 
Besides this, the authors concluded that the current use of zinc in pig production in Denmark may lead to leaching of zinc from fields fertilised with pig slurry into the water compartments, in concentrations that may pose a risk to aquatic species.
På trods af manglerne i de fremlagte data vurderes det, at virkningen af zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler til forebyggelse af diarré hos fravænnede smågrise er påvist. 
That is, notwithstanding the deficiency in the data presented it is considered that the efficacy of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets is demonstrated.
CVMP mener, at denne argumentation er irrelevant, da Enteroxid-produkter er omfattet af denne procedure, jf. artikel 35 i direktiv 2001/82/EF, vedrørende veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder zinkoxid og administreres oralt til fødevareproducerende arter. 
The CVMP considers that because Enteroxid products are included within the scope of this procedure under Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species, such argument is not applicable.
Fordelen ved en kombination af sulfagunidin og zinkoxid frem for det enkelte aktive stof hver for sig er ikke godtgjort. 
Advantages of the combination sulfagunidine and zinc oxide versus the use of the individual substances were not provided.
Der er ikke udført undersøgelser til at påvise kombinationens egnethed til behandling af diarré hos smågrise efter fravænning. 
No study was provided to demonstrate the efficacy for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhoeas in piglets.
Udvalget anerkender, at det kan være hensigtsmæssigt at overvåge forbruget af zinkoxid som veterinærlægemiddel, men vurderer, at den identificerede miljørisiko ved brug af zinkoxid som veterinærlægemiddel på nuværende tidspunkt vejer tungere end fordelene. 
The Committee accepts that, while there may be a benefit in monitoring the zinc oxide consumption as a veterinary medicine, a risk to the environment has been identified and, at this time, the risks are considered to outweigh the benefits for zinc oxide as a veterinary medicine.
Derudover konkluderede rapportens forfattere, at den aktuelle anvendelse af zink i svineproduktionen i Danmark kan medføre, at der udvaskes zink fra marker, som gødes med svinegylle, til vandmiljøerne i koncentrationer, der kan udgøre en risiko for akvatiske arter. 
The authors of the report also concluded that the current use of zinc in pig production in Denmark may lead to leaching of zinc from fields fertilised with pig slurry into the water compartments, in concentrations that may pose a risk to aquatic species.
Der foreligger ingen data til anskueliggørelse af, hvor længe virkningen varer efter endt zinkoxid-behandling. 
No information was available to establish the duration of the effect after the end of zinc oxide administration.
Report to the European Food Safety Authority - link forbundet med brug af IDMM-modellen til beregning af miljøets eksponering for zink fra brug i veterinærlægemidler, f.eks. hvad angår indvirkningen af hydrologi, opløst organisk kulstof og metals ældning. 
There are a number of uncertainties associated with use of the IDMM for predicting the environmental exposure of zinc from use in veterinary medicinal products, such as the effects of hydrology, dissolved organic carbon and metal aging.
De ovenfor omtalte risikoreducerende foranstaltninger vil kun udskyde de risici, der er identificeret for alle delmiljøerne, hvis man gødsker jord med gødning fra svin, der er behandlet med zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler. 
The above risk mitigation measures will only delay the risks identified in all environmental compartments if manure from pigs treated with veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide is applied to land.
På grund af huller i den tilgængelige viden er det dog uklart, hvilken betydning disse fund har for dyrs og menneskers sundhed. 
However, the importance of these findings to animal and public health remains unclear due to gaps in the available knowledge.
DSM Nutritional Products' og Provimis videnskabelige begrundelse for revurdering har fokus på virkningen af zinkoxid, risikoen for (co-)selektion for resistensgener og miljørisici. 
DSM Nutritional Products and Provimi's scientific grounds for re-examination focused on efficacy of zinc oxide, risks for (co-)selection of resistance genes and risks for the environment.
fremstår de generelt ret konservative, eftersom det værst tænkelige eksponeringsscenarie medtages, dvs. kontinuerlig anvendelse af ufortyndet gødning frem til 2060. 
Although the PEC values for each compartment cannot be verified because the IDMM is not provided, overall they appear fairly conservative since a reasonable worst case exposure scenario is considered, i.e. continual application of undiluted manure until 2060.
Trods fraværet af undersøgelser udført efter god klinisk praksis har CVMP ud fra de samlede tilgængelige data vurderet, at virkningen af zinkoxid-tilskud på reduktionen af diarré hos smågrise efter fravænning er tilstrækkeligt underbygget. 
Taking into account the overall data available, despite the absence of GCP studies, the CVMP considered that the effect of zinc oxide supplementation on the reduction of post-weaning diarrhoea was considered to be sufficiently substantiated.
behandlingskrævende diarré hos smågrisene, mens der ved administration af store mængder zink i to eller tre uger sås signifikant færre dage med diarré. 
If high amounts of zinc were administered for only one week, no differences were observed between treatments, while administration of high levels of zinc during two or three weeks significantly reduced the number of days with diarrhoea per piglet.
CVMP har derfor vurderet, at de PNEC-værdier, der er anført af markedsføringstilladelsesindehaveren Huvepharma, kan anvendes til risikokarakterisering af veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder zinkoxid og skal administreres oralt til fødevareproducerende dyr (beregning af risikokvotienterne (RQ'erne)). 
Consequently, the CVMP considered that the PNECs proposed by the marketing authorisation holder Huvepharma can be used for the characterisation of risks (calculation of risk quotients (RQs)) of veterinary products containing zinc oxide to be used orally in food producing animals.
CVMP kan ikke tilslutte sig markedsføringstilladelsesindehaverens argumentation om, at den oprindelige vurdering af benefit/risk-forholdet var positiv ved indbringelsesproceduren for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), jf. artikel 33, stk. 4, i direktiv 2001/82. 
The CVMP does not agree with the marketing authorisation holder's argument that the initial benefit-risk assessment was concluded to be positive for the procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82 for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108).
En lang række publicerede undersøgelser har ved in vivo-test eller ved analyse af miljøisolater vist en korrelation mellem høje doser af zinktilskud i næringsmidler og prævalensen af antibiotikaresistente bakterier (LA-MRSA) eller multiresistente bakteriekloner (E. coli). 
Several published studies demonstrated during in vivo experiments or by investigating environmental isolates a correlation between high doses of zinc supplementation in food and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (LA-MRSA) or of multi-resistant bacterial clones (E. coli).
Markedsføringstilladelsesindehaveren påberåber sig også, at der ikke er belæg for at afvise de risikoreducerende foranstaltninger, der er foreslået under indbringelsesproceduren for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), jf. artikel 33, stk. 4 i direktiv 2001/82/EF. 
The marketing authorisation holder also argues the lack of justification for rejecting risk mitigation measures proposed during the procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82 for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108).
CVMP anerkender, at der er en risiko for co-selektion for resistensgener forbundet med anvendelsen af zinkoxid, men at risikoen ikke kan kvantificeres på nuværende tidspunkt. 
The Committee acknowledged that there is a risk of coselection for resistance associated with the use of zinc oxide, but at the present time, that risk is not quantifiable.
I henhold til nyligt publicerede data kan anvendelse af zink i husdyrbrug øge forekomsten af antibiotikaresistente bakterier som følge af co-selektion for antibiotikaresistensgener. 
According to recently published data, zinc used in animal farming might increase the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to co-selection for antimicrobial resistance genes.
Den 1. februar 2016 indbragte Nederlandene og Frankrig i henhold til artikel 35 i direktiv 2001/82/EF en sag for Det Europæiske Lægemiddelagentur (EMA) vedrørende veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder zinkoxid og administreres oralt til fødevareproducerende arter. 
On 1 February 2016, the Netherlands and France presented to the European Medicines Agency a referral notification in accordance with Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species, due to concerns related to the risk to the environment and the potential increase of prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from the use of products containing zinc oxide.
Forskellen, hvad angår (fravær af) behandlingskrævende diarré i den gruppe, der fik 2 500 ppm, og den gruppe, der fik 4 000 ppm, blev imidlertid ikke beskrevet. 
However, differences between the 2500 ppm and the 4000 ppm groups were not observed in this respect.
De fremlagte data understøtter anvendelse af zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler til forebyggelse af diarré hos fravænnede smågrise med en daglig dosis på 100 mg/kg legemsvægt (svarende til 2 500 ppm zink i foder) i 14 dage. 
The data presented support the use of veterinary medicinal product containing zinc oxide for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm zinc in feed), for a duration of 14 days.
• CVMP mener, at de kliniske fordele ved veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder colistinsulfat og zinkoxid, ikke kan påvises ud fra de tilgængelige data. 
• the CVMP considered that based on the available data the clinical benefit of the veterinary medicinal products containing colistin sulfate and zinc oxide cannot be demonstrated;
For de enkelte delmiljøer er der identificeret nogle scenarier for hver af de undersøgte doseringer. 
Nonetheless, for each compartment, risks have been identified for some scenarios at each application rate investigated.
CVMP mener, at de miljørisici, der er forbundet med zinkakkumulering i jord ved spredning af gødning på landbrugsjord år efter år, ikke kan kontrolleres ved risikoreducerende foranstaltninger. 
The CVMP considers that the environmental risks identified by the yearly accumulation of zinc in soil from the spreading of manure in agricultural land cannot be controlled with risk mitigation measures.
I lyset af de samlede tilgængelige data er CVMP derfor af den opfattelse, at de miljørisici, der er forbundet med kontinuerlig zinkakkumulering i jord fra spredning af gødning på landbrugsjord år efter år, ikke kan kontrolleres effektivt ved anvendelse af de to ovenfor omtalte risikoreducerende foranstaltninger. 
Consequently, the CVMP considers that in the light of overall data available, environmental risks identified by the continuous annual accumulation of zinc in soil from the spreading of manure in agricultural land cannot be effectively controlled through the application of the two risk mitigation measures presented above.
Kombination af zinkoxid og colistin eller sulfaguanidin Ud fra de fremlagte data er der ikke belæg for at kombinere zinkoxid (der anbefales til forebyggelse af uspecificeret diarré efter fravænning) og et givet antibiotikum (der anbefales til behandling og metafylakse af diarré forårsaget af et eller flere målpatogener). 
Combination of zinc oxide and colistin or sulfaguanidine Based on the data presented, the combinations of zinc oxide, recommended for the prevention of unspecific diarrhoea during the post-weaning period, with any antimicrobial substance recommended for treatment and metaphylaxis of diarrhoea induced by target pathogen(s), are not justified.
I henhold til nyligt publicerede data kan anvendelse af zink i husdyrbrug øge spredningen af antibiotikaresistens (MRSA) som følge af co-resistens. 
According to recently published data, zinc used in animal farming might promote the spread of antimicrobial resistance (MRSA) due to co-resistance.
20 EFSA Scientific Opinion on safety and efficacy of zinc compounds (E6) as feed additive for all animal species: Zinc oxide, based on a dossier submitted by Grillo Zinkoxid GmbH/EMFEMA - link 21 Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and their Use (FOCUS) - link for sedimenter, tages der ikke hensyn til akkumuleringsfaktorer (f.eks. aflejring, resuspension og nedgravning af zink), idet det antages, at suspenderede sedimenter er repræsentative for aflejrede sedimenter, og idet der ikke tages højde for niveauet af syreflygtigt sulfid. 
Report to the European Food Safety Authority - link 20 EFSA Scientific Opinion on safety and efficacy of zinc compounds (E6) as feed additive for all animal species: Zinc oxide, based on a dossier submitted by Grillo Zinkoxid GmbH/EMFEMA - link validation of the IDMM has been performed by the comparison of model predictions against published monitoring data for zinc applications.
I denne miljørisikovurdering tages der ikke hensyn til yderligere eksponeringskoncentrationer fra f.eks. zinkholdige fodertilsætninger eller andre industrikilder. 
Potential additional exposure concentrations, e.g., from feed additives containing zinc or other industrial sources, have not been taken into account for this environmental risk assessment.
I henhold til nyligt publicerede data kan anvendelse af zink i husdyrbrug øge spredningen af antibiotikaresistens som følge af co-resistens. 
According to recently published data, zinc used in animal farming might promote the spread of antibiotic resistance due to co-resistance.
Vurdering af de potentielle fordele ved brug af zinkoxid til fødevareproducerende arter Zinkoxid som eneste aktive stof 
Assessment of potential benefits associated with the use of zinc oxide in food producing animals
De tilgængelige data viser en gavnlig effekt af zinkoxid ved en daglig dosis på 100 mg/kg legemsvægt (svarende til 2 500 ppm zink i foder), der indgives med foderet i 12-14 dage. 
The data available shows a beneficial effect of zinc oxide at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm zinc in feed), given in the feed for 12-14 days.
Zinkoxid 1000 mg/g Oralt pulver 
Zinc oxide 1000 mg/g Oral powder
Der forelå ingen understøttende feltundersøgelser af zinkakkumulering i jord under indbringelsesproceduren for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108), jf. artikel 33, stk. 4, i direktiv 2001/82/EF. 
Supporting field studies on zinc accumulation in soils were not available during the referral procedure under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82/EC for Gutal (EMEA/V/A/108).
Zinkoxid 622mg/g (500 mg zinc/g) 
Zinc oxide 622mg/g (500 mg zinc/g)
• Ud fra de tilgængelige data vurderer CVMP, at der ikke er belæg for at kombinere zinkoxid (til forebyggelse af uspecificeret diarré efter fravænning) og sulfaguanidin (til behandling og metafylakse af diarré forårsaget af et eller flere målpatogener). 
• the CVMP considered that based on the available data the combination of zinc oxide, for the prevention of unspecific diarrhoea during the post-weaning period, with sulfaguanidine, for treatment and metaphylaxis of diarrhoea induced by target pathogen(s), is not justified;
Det er påvist, at zinkoxid har gavnlig effekt ved en daglig dosis på 100 mg/kg legemsvægt (svarende til 2 500 ppm i foder) administreret i 12-14 dage efter fravænning. 
This beneficial effect of zinc oxide was demonstrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw per day (equivalent to 2500 ppm in feed), administered during 12-14 days from weaning.
Selv hvis de omtalte risikoreducerende foranstaltninger anvendes, vil det kun være et spørgsmål om tid, før alle delmiljøerne belastes, hvis man gødsker jord med gødning fra svin, der er behandlet med zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler. 
Even applying the risk mitigation measures above it will only be a matter of time before risks are present in all environmental compartments if manure from pigs treated with veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide is applied to land.
Risikoreducerende foranstaltninger 
Risk mitigation measures
Colistin og zinkoxid i kombination 
Colistin and zinc oxide combination
• Zink udgør allerede en risiko for arter, der findes i sandjord. 
• A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species is already present in clay soil; • A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species is already present in sandy soil.
Zinkoxid 622 mg/g (500 mg zinc/g) 
Zinc oxide 622 mg/g (500 mg zinc/g)
GL6 and GL38 (EMEA/CVMP/ERA/418282/2005) - link 
CVMP Guideline on environmental impact assessment for veterinary medicinal products in support of the VICH guidelines GL6 and GL38 (EMEA/CVMP/ERA/418282/2005) - link
Derudover fravænnes smågrise i alderen 3-4 uger (dvs. 7-8 kg), mens de omhandlede produkter er tiltænkt svin med en legemsvægt på op til 40 kg. Zinkoxids kliniske relevans med henblik på at reducere omfanget af E. coli-relateret diarré hos svin i denne vægtklasse kendes ikke. 
Also, piglets are weaned between 3-4 weeks of age (i.e. 7-8 kg), but the claim for the aforementioned products is for pigs up to 40 kg bw.
CVMP vurderer, at der ikke er belæg for at kombinere zinkoxid (der anbefales til forebyggelse af uspecificeret diarré efter fravænning) og et givet antibiotikum (der anbefales til behandling og metafylakse af diarré forårsaget af et eller flere målpatogener). 
The CVMP considered that the combinations of zinc oxide, recommended for the prevention of nonspecific diarrhoea during the post-weaning period, with any antimicrobial substance recommended for treatment and metaphylaxis of diarrhoea induced by target pathogen(s), are not justified.
CVMP er således af den opfattelse, at de miljørisici, der er forbundet med zinkakkumulering i jord ved spredning af gødning på landbrugsjord år efter år, ikke kan kontrolleres ved ovenfor omtalte risikoreducerende foranstaltninger alene. 
Consequently, the CVMP considers that the environmental risks identified by the yearly accumulation of zinc in soil from the spreading of manure in agricultural land cannot be solely controlled with the aforementioned risk mitigation measures.
Selv om man under ovennævnte indbringelsesprocedure for Gutal drøftede muligheden af at undlade at sprede gødning på samme jordområde flere år i træk for at bremse akkumuleringen af zink som en eventuel risikoreducerende foranstaltning, og selv om et sådant tiltag er i overensstemmelse med kriterierne i CVMP's arbejdsdokument om risikoreducerende foranstaltninger23, kan det vise sig at være svært at gennemføre i praksis; dette skyldes ikke alene de tilfælde, hvor der ikke er mulighed for at anvende behandlet gødning på forskellige jordområder, men også handlen med gødning medlemsstaterne imellem og muligheden for, at gødning, der indeholder høje koncentrationer af zinkoxid, anvendes på følsomme jordtyper. 
Although during the aforementioned referral procedure for Gutal, the possibility of not spreading of manure on the same area of land in successive years in order to slow down the accumulation of zinc was considered as a possible risk mitigation measure, and despite being in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures23, it may prove difficult to enact in reality; not only in instances where there may not be the possibility to apply
Under indbringelsesproceduren for Gutal drøftede man som en eventuel risikoreducerende foranstaltning muligheden af at undlade at sprede gødning på det samme jordområde flere år i træk for at bremse zinkakkumuleringen. 
During the aforementioned referral procedure for Gutal, the possibility of not spreading of manure on the same area of land in successive years in order to slow down the accumulation of zinc was considered as a possible risk mitigation measure.
Zinkoxid Colistinsulf at 
Zinc oxide Colistin sulfate
Sulfaguanidin og zinkoxid i kombination 
Sulfaguanidine and zinc oxide combination
• I de fremlagte undersøgelser har man dokumenteret effektiviteten af foder med et højt indhold af zinkoxid hos fravænnede smågrise i alderen 3-4 uger under særlige avlsforhold (intensiv avl, 
• Based on the studies provided, the efficacy of high content of zinc oxide in feed was shown in weaned piglets aged 3-4 weeks old in particular breeding conditions (intensive breeding, housing in building, grouping in pens with piglets of different litters/origins, premature separation with the sow, abrupt feeding transition from milk to cereal based feed).
INN Styrke 
Strength
Zinkoxid Sulfaguani din 
Zinc oxide Sulfaguanidin um
• CVMP mener, at virkningen af zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler til behandling af diarré hos smågrise efter fravænning ikke kan påvises ud fra de tilgængelige data. 
• the CVMP considered that the efficacy of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for treatment of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets is not supported by data and cannot be demonstrated;