natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
ECDC infografik om AMR, november 2018. 
ECDC infographic on AMR, November 2018.
Jf. tabel 5 i den seneste JIACRA-rapport (fra 2017) om forbruget af antimikrobielle agenser og forekomsten af antimikrobiel resistens i bakterier fra mennesker og dyr bestemt til fżdevareproduktion. 
See Table 5 of the most recent JIACRA report (from 2017) on the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food producing animals.
Jf. for eksempel WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals og How do we reduce antibiotic resistance from livestock?, Hannah Ritchie, Our World in Data, november 2017. 
See, for example WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals and How do we reduce antibiotic resistance from livestock?, Hannah Ritchie, Our World in Data, November 2017.
Jf. for eksempel "Restricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysis", The Lancet, november 2017, eller "WHO calls on food industry to stop routinely using antibiotics in healthy animals", The Pharmaceutical Journal, november 2017. 
See, for example, ŇRestricting the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals and its associations with antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals and human beings: a systematic review and meta-analysisÓ, The Lancet, November 2017; or ŇWHO calls on food industry to stop routinely using antibiotics in healthy animalsÓ, The Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2017.
8 4 5 6 7 8 
7 4 5 6 7 8
Derfor er det kompliceret at bekžmpe AMR 06 Det fortsatte overforbrug eller misbrug af antimikrobielle stoffer i sektorerne for menneskers og dyrs sundhed fremskynder udviklingen af antimikrobiel resistens. 
Why fighting AMR is complicated 06 The continued overuse or misuse of antimicrobials in the human and animal health sectors accelerates the development of antimicrobial resistance.
EDCD har rapporteret visse fald i forbruget af antimikrobielle stoffer til menneskers sundhed, som varierer betydeligt mellem medlemsstaterne9. 
The ECDC has reported some reductions in the consumption of antimicrobials for human health, with significant variations between Member States9.
Forebyggelse og kontrol af krydsoverfżrsel af antimikrobielt resistente mikroorganismer i sundhedsmiljżer, isžr hospitaler og faciliteter til langtidspleje, er vigtig. 
The prevention and control of cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in healthcare settings, in particular hospitals and long-term care facilities, is important.
Det er imidlertid en udfordring at sikre gode foranstaltninger til infektionsforebyggelse og -kontrol (ssom hndhygiejne, forholdsregler ved kontakt, patientisolation og rengżring) i praksis. 
However, it is a challenge to ensure good infection prevention and control measures (such as hand hygiene, contact precautions, patient isolation, and cleaning) in practice.
Disse foranstaltninger kržver undervisning, ressourcer og tilsyn i sundhedsfaciliteterne og skal overholdes stringent af de hundredtusindvis, der arbejder med sundhedspleje i EU. 
These measures require training, resources, and supervision across healthcare facilities; and need to be applied rigorously by the hundreds of thousands of healthcare personnel in the EU.
ECDC's data indikerer desuden, at grundlžggende diagnostiske test p hospitaler, som er nżdvendige for at kunne mlrette lžgebehandlinger, ikke gennemfżres i EU s ofte som nżdvendigt. 
In addition, ECDC data indicates that basic diagnostic tests in hospitals, required to target medical treatments, are not being carried out across the EU as often as necessary.
Dette bidrager ogs til overdreven brug af bredspektret antibiotika. 
This also contributes to the excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Figur 2 illustrerer, hvordan AMR kan sprede sig. 
Figure 2 illustrates how AMR can spread.
9 9 "Antimicrobial consumption - Annual epidemiological Report for 2017", ECDC, 2018. 
8 9 ŇAntimicrobial consumption Đ Annual epidemiological Report for 2017Ó, ECDC, 2018.
Figur 2 - Hvordan resistens over for antibiotika spreder sig 10 Antibiotika bruges til at kurere bakterieinfektioner, men bakterier udvikler resistens mod antibiotika. 
Figure 2 Đ How resistance to antibiotics spreads Antibiotics provide a cure for bacterial infections, but bacteria develop resistance against the antibiotics.
Overforbrug eller misbrug af antibiotika fremskynder udviklingen af resistens. 
Overuse or misuse of antibiotics accelerates the development of resistance.
Lžger bżr kun ordinere det relevante antibiotikum efter behov og korrekt doseret ved behandling af mennesker. 
9 Doctors should only prescribe the appropriate antibiotic when needed , at the correct doses when treating humans.
Ikke alle bžrere af en superbug bliver syge, men mikroben spreder sig alligevel og bliver mere udbredt. 
Even if not every carrier of a superbug gets sick, the microbe spreads and becomes more prevalent.
Bakterier i miljżet (f.eks. i planter) kan udsžttes for antibiotika (f.eks. fra spildevand). 
Bacteria in the environment (e.g. on plants) may be exposed to antibiotics (e.g. from waste water).
Dette kan fremskynde udviklingen af resistens i disse mikrober, som senere kan sprede sig til mennesker eller dyr. 
This may accelerate the development of resistance in these microbes which may later spread to humans or animals.
Dyrlžger bżr kun ordinere det relevante antibiotikum efter behov og korrekt doseret ved behandling af dyr. 
Veterinarians should only prescribe the appropriate antibiotic when needed at the correct doses when treating animals.
Risikoen for at blive smittet med en resistent superbug er stżrst p en sundhedsklinik Hospitalsaffald kan forurene miljżet med antibiotika. 
The main risk of getting infected with a resistant superbug is in a healthcare facility. Hospital waste can contaminate the environment with antibiotics.
Superbugs i dyr kan overfżres til mennesker via fżdevarer af animalsk oprindelse og gżre os syge. 
Superbugs inanimals may be transmitted to humans through food of animal origin and make us sick.
Dyreekskrementer kan ogs indeholde resistente bakterier og ende i miljżet eller i fżdevareafgrżder, som vi indtager. 
Animal excreta may also contain resistant bacteria and end up in the environment or on food crops that we cons ume.
Der er ikke fundet nye klasser af antibiotika siden 1980'erne: Antimikrobiel forvaltning og infektionsforebyggelse og -kontrol hos mennesker og dyr er derfor af afgżrende betydning for at sikre, at eksisterende antibiotika forbliver effektive. 
No new classes of antibiotics were found since the 1980s: antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control in humans and animals are thus critically important to ensure that existing antibiotics remain effective
07 Ingen nye klasser af antibiotika er blevet tilgžngelige siden 1980'erne (jf. figur 3). 
07 No new class of antibiotics has become available since the 1980s (see Figure 3).
Manglen p nye lžgemidler kompliceres af, at visse eksisterende antibiotika, som stadig virker, ikke lžngere markedsfżres bredt af lžgemiddelproducenterne. 
This absence of new drugs is complicated by the fact that some existing antibiotics, which continue to work, are no longer widely marketed by drug manufacturers.
Flere store selskaber har i de seneste r meddelt, at de trak sig tilbage fra forskning i og udvikling af antibiotika10. 
Several large corporations announced in recent years their withdrawal from antibiotics research and development10.
Denne forskning er en langvarig, usikker og bekostelig proces, og alle nye lžgemidler, som opdages, skal pr. definition anvendes forsigtigt for at bevare deres effektivitet. 
Such research is a lengthy, uncertain and expensive process, and by definition any new drugs discovered will need to be used prudently to maintain their effectiveness.
Et nyligt projekt finansieret af fžllesforetagendet for initiativet om innovative lžgemidler (fžllesforetagendet for IMI)11 skżnnede, at det kunne koste 1 milliard euro at bringe et nyt lžgemiddel p markedet. 
A recent project funded by the Joint Undertaking Innovative Medicines Initiative (JU IMI)11 estimated that it could cost Ű1 billion to bring a new drug to the market.
Figur 3 - Opdagelse af nye antibiotika Ingen opdagelser af nye klasser af antibiotika i mere end 30 r (Antal opdagede eller patenterede klasser af antibiotika) 7 111 9 2 55 11 1900'erne 1910'erne 1920'erne 1930'erne 1940'erne 1950'erne 1960'erne 1970'erne 1980'erne 1990'erne 2000'erne 2010'erne 2020'erne Kilde: Revisionsretten p grundlag af "A sustained and robust pipeline of new antibacterial drugs and therapies is critical to preserve public health", Pew Charitable Trusts, maj 2016. 
Figure 3 Đ Discovery of new antibiotics More than 30-Year Void in Discovery of New Types of Antibiotics (Number of antibiotic classes discovered or patented) 7 111 9 2 55 10 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Source: ECA based on ŇA sustained and robust pipeline of new antibacterial drugs and therapies is critical to preserve public healthÓ, Pew Charitable Trusts, May 2016.
08 I sidste ende har bekžmpelsen af AMR to centrale udfordringer: o at sikre en mere forsigtig og effektiv anvendelse af de eksisterende antimikrobielle stoffer (bl.a. ved żget bevidsthed, bedre hygiejnepraksis, undervisning, overvgning og kontrol samt bedre diagnosticering) til mennesker, planter og dyr o at opdage og tilvejebringe nye antimikrobielle stoffer (via forskning og udvikling). 
08 Ultimately the fight against AMR consists of two main challenges: o ensuring a more prudent and efficient use of existing antimicrobials (including by increasing awareness, better hygiene practices, training, surveillance and monitoring, and enhanced diagnostics) in humans, plants and animals; o and discovering and making available new antimicrobials (through research and development).
10 Jf. for eksempel artikel i "Chemistry World" fra juli 2018 og OECD's rapport "Stemming the superbug tide - Just a few dollars more" fra 2018. 
10 See, for example, article in ŇChemistry WorldÓ from July 2018 and the 2018 OECD report ŇStemming the superbug tide Đ Just a few dollars moreÓ.
11 DRIVE AB-rapport "Revitalising the antibiotic pipeline", 2018, inden for rammerne af New Drugs for Bad Bugs-programmet, 2018. 
11 DRIVE AB report ŇRevitalising the antibiotic pipelineÓ, 2018, from the New Drugs for Bad Bugs programme, 2018.
Ingen registrerede klasser af antibiotika opdaget efter 1984 Hvad nu? 
No registered classes of antibiotics discovered after 1984 WhatŐs next?
Globale tiltag til bekžmpelse af antimikrobiel resistens 09 Ifżlge WHO's globale handlingsplan12, som blev vedtaget i 2015, skulle organisationens medlemslande have udviklet og pbegyndt gennemfżrelsen af deres nationale One Health-handlingsplaner (NHP'er) senest i midten af 2017. 
Global actions to fight antimicrobial resistance 09 The WHO Global Action Plan12, adopted in 2015, required WHO member countries to develop and start implementing their National One Health Action Plan (NAP) by mid-2017.
WHO's "One Health"-princip anerkender, at der er behov for en integreret tilgang til antimikrobielle stoffer, hvor der tages hensyn til menneskers sundhed, dyrs sundhed og miljżet (jf. figur 2). 
The WHOŐs ŇOne HealthÓ principle recognises that an integrated approach to antimicrobials is needed, which considers human health, animal health and the environment (see Figure 2).
10 WHO's globale database vedrżrende AMR viser, at medlemsstaterne befandt sig i forskellige faser for s vidt angr udvikling og gennemfżrelse af NHP'er13. 
10 The WHOŐs Global Database for AMR shows that Member States were at different stages in terms of developing and implementing NAPs13.
I en undersżgelse, vi gennemfżrte i forbindelse med vores revision, angav 16 af de 24 medlemsstater, som svarede, at de havde en NHP, fem angav, at de havde dele af en NHP, og tre angav, at de ikke havde nogen NHP. 
According to a survey we conducted for our audit, out of 24 EU Member States that replied, 16 indicated having a NAP, five indicated having elements of one, and three indicated they did not have one.
11 WHO's globale handlingsplan afspejles i de internationale bestržbelser p at samarbejde om forskning i AMR. 
11 The WHO Global Action Plan is mirrored by international efforts to cooperate on research for AMR.
Den transatlantiske taskforce vedrżrende antimikrobiel resistens (TATFAR) har siden 2009 samarbejdet og udvekslet bedste praksis mellem Nordamerika og Europa. 
Since 2009, the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR) collaborates and shares best practices between North America and Europe.
Og G20 lancerede i 2018 sit globale knudepunkt for forskning og udvikling vedrżrende antimikrobiel resistens (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Development Hub). 
And in 2018, the G20 launched its Global Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Development Hub.
EU's tiltag til bekžmpelse af antimikrobiel resistens 12 Beskyttelse af menneskers sundhed hżrer under medlemsstaternes kompetence. 
EU actions to fight antimicrobial resistance 12 Human health is a national competence.
Artikel 6 og 168 i traktaten om Den Europžiske Unions funktionsmde (TEUF) giver Unionen kompetence til at gennemfżre tiltag til for at understżtte, koordinere, supplere og tilskynde til samarbejde mellem medlemsstaterne med henblik p at beskytte og forbedre folkesundheden. 
Articles 6 and 168 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) give the Union competence to carry out actions to support, coordinate, supplement and encourage cooperation between Member States, for the protection and improvement of human health.
12 Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, WHO, maj 2015. 
The Decision requires Member States to perform 12 Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, WHO, May 2015.
13 Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self Assessment fra WHO, Verdensorganisationen for Dyresundhed og De Forenede Nationers Fżdevare-og Landbrugsorganisation. 12 
13 Global Database for Antimicrobial Resistance Country Self Assessment, from the WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health, and Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations.
13 Europa-Parlamentets og Rdets afgżrelse nr. 1082/201314 definerer AMR og infektioner forrsaget i sundhedssektoren som alvorlige gržnseoverskridende sundhedstrusler, hvor der er behov for en indsats p EU-plan. 
14 Decision No 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on serious cross-border threats to health and repealing Decision No 2119/98/EC 11
14 Mens EU's mandat sledes er begržnset for s vidt angr menneskers sundhed, kržver EU's lovgivning, at medlemsstaterne overvger og rapporterer om forekomsten af resistente zoonotiske og kommensale bakterier i visse fżdevarer af animalsk oprindelse. 
14 In contrast to the limited EU mandate for human health, EU legislation requires Member States to monitor and report the presence of resistant zoonotic and commensal bacteria in certain food of animal origin.
Et EU-forbud mod anvendelse af antimikrobielle stoffer som vžkstfremmere i dyrefoder trdte i kraft den 1. januar 2006. 
An EU-wide ban on the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in animal feed entered into effect on January 1, 2006.
Dette forbud blev styrket under den nye EU-forordning om veterinžrlžgemidler. 
This ban was reinforced under the new EU Regulation on veterinary medicinal products.
15 Som reaktion p Rdets opfordringer til handling lancerede Kommissionen i 2011 en fżrste AMR-handlingsplan, som džkker bde menneskers og dyrs sundhed. 
15 In response to calls for action from the Council, the Commission launched a first AMR action plan in 2011 covering both human and animal health.
Efter Rdets konklusioner og WHO's globale handlingsplan vedtog Kommissionen i 2017 "En europžisk One Health-handlingsplan mod antimikrobiel resistens (AMR)", som indeholder tiltag vedrżrende menneskers sundhed, dyrs sundhed og miljżet. 
In 2017, following Council conclusions, and the WHOŐs Global Action Plan, the Commission adopted its ŇEuropean One Health Action Plan against antimicrobial resistance (AMR)Ó, which contains actions relating to human health, animal health and the environment.
EU's handlingsplan understżttes af foranstaltninger, som medfinansieres af EU's sundhedsprogram, og som har til forml at hjžlpe medlemsstater med at styrke deres nationale One Health-tilgang. 
The EU Action Plan is supported by measures co-funded from the EU Health Programme, which aim to help Member States to strengthen their national One Health approach.
I 201915 udstedte Rdet nye konklusioner om AMR. 
In 201915 the Council issued new conclusions on AMR.
Figur 4 viser EU's reguleringsmžssige tiltag til imżdegelse af truslen fra AMR. 
Figure 4 summarises the EU regulatory actions addressing the threat of AMR.
15 Rdets konklusioner om de nžste skridt hen imod at gżre EU til forbillede for bedste praksis i bekžmpelsen af antimikrobiel resistens 2019/C 214/01, juni 2019. 
12 15 Council conclusions on the next steps towards making the EU a best practice region in combatting antimicrobial resistance 2019/C 214/01, June 2019.
Figur 4 - EU's vigtigste reguleringsmžssige tiltag til imżdegelse af truslen fra antimikrobiel resistens 14 2003 Afgżrelse om overvgning og ra pportering a f antimikrobiel resistens September 2003 Forordning om fodertilsžtningsstoffer November 2003 Direktivom overvgning af zoonoser og zoonotiske (forbydervisseantibiotikai agenser foderstof) 2006 2018 December 2018 November 2013 Oktober 2013 Januar 2006 Afgżrelse om alvorlige gržns eoverskridende sundhedstrusler 2013 December 2018 EU-forbud mod a nvendelse af antibiotika som vžkstfremmere i dyrefodertržderikraft Forordning om markedsfżringoganvendelseaf veterinžrlžgemidler Forordning om fremstilling, foderlžgemidler Kilde: Revisionsretten. 
Figure 4 Đ Main EU regulatory actions addressing antimicrobial resistance 13 2003 D e c i s i o n o n t h e m o n i to ri n g a n d reporting ofantimicrobial resistance September 2003 November 2003 Regulationonadditivesfor Directiveonthe useinanimalnutrition (bans certainantibiotics inanimal feed) monitoringofzoonoses andzoonoticagents E U - w i d e b a n o n t h e u s e o f antibiotics inanimal feed as growthpromoters enters into effect 2006 November 2013 October 2013 January 2006 2 0 1 3 December 2018 Regulation on veterinary m e d i ci n a l p r o d u c ts D e c i s i o n o n s e ri o u s cross-borderthreats to health 2018 December 2018 Regulation on the manufacture, m a r k e ti n g a n d u s e o f m e d i ca t e d feed Source: ECA.
16 Kommissionen adresserer AMR ved at: - yde finansiering fra sundhedsprogrammet til relevante undersżgelser og fžlles aktioner. 
16 The Commission addresses AMR by: Ń providing funding from the Health Programme for relevant studies and joint actions.
Den fžlles aktion om antimikrobiel resistens (JAMRAI) er et af Kommissionens og medlemsstaternes svar p Rdets konklusioner fra juni 2016 vedrżrende AMR. 
The Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (JAMRAI) is one of the Commission and Member State responses to the Council Conclusions of June 2016 related to AMR.
Kommissionen har ogs finansieret relevante tiltag fra WHO og OECD til stżtte for medlemsstaterne - foresl en lovgivningsmžssig ramme for veterinžrlžgemidler og foderlžgemidler, som omfatter foranstaltninger til bekžmpelse af AMR - udstede retningslinjer for forsigtig anvendelse af antimikrobielle stoffer i veterinžrlžgemidler og til menneskers sundhed - tilbyde undervisning og lette udvekslingen af erfaringer - oprette et EU-One Health-netvžrk vedrżrende AMR sammensat af regeringseksperter p omrderne menneskers sundhed, dyrs sundhed og miljżet samt relevante EU-agenturer (ECDC, EMA og EFSA). 
The Commission has also funded relevant actions by the WHO and OECD to support Member States; Ń proposing a legislative framework on veterinary medicinal products and medicated feed that includes measures to fight AMR; Ń issuing guidelines on the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicinal products and in human health; Ń providing training and facilitating exchanges of experiences; Ń establishing an EU AMR One Health network composed of government experts from the human health, animal health, and environmental sectors, as well as relevant EU agencies (ECDC, EMA and EFSA).
EU-agenturernes rolle vedrżrende AMR er sammenfattet i tekstboks 1 - stżtte forskning. 
The roles of the EU agencies in AMR are summarised in Box 1; Ń supporting research.
15 Tekstboks 1 EU-agenturernes rolle vedrżrende AMR AMR hżrer under flere EU-agenturers kompetenceomrde. 
14 Box 1 The role of EU agencies in AMR AMR is one of the areas of competence of several EU agencies.
Det Europžiske Center for Forebyggelse af og Kontrol med Sygdomme (ECDC) stżtter medlemsstaterne i deres AMR-aktiviteter. 
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) supports Member States in their AMR activities.
Det kżrer et program for AMR og infektioner erhvervet i sundhedsvžsenet og indsamler oplysninger fra medlemsstaterne om AMR og forbrug af antimikrobielle stoffer fra tre overvgningsnetvžrk. 
It runs an AMR and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) programme; and gathers information from Member States on AMR and antimicrobial consumption from three surveillance networks.
ECDC udarbejder videnskabelig rdgivning, bl.a. retningslinjer og hurtige risikovurderinger, udfżrer fžlles landebesżg med Kommissionen, afholder uddannelseskurser og fremmer forsigtig anvendelse af antibiotika ved at koordinere Den Europžiske Antibiotikadag. 
The ECDC produces scientific advice, including guidance documents and rapid risk assessments, conducts joint country visits with the Commission as well as training courses, and promotes prudent use of antibiotics by coordinating the European Antibiotic Awareness Day.
Den Europžiske Fżdevaresikkerhedsautoritet (EFSA) overvger antimikrobiel resistens i fżdevarer og dyr bestemt til fżdevareproduktion og udarbejder videnskabelige rapporter om emnet. 
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) monitors antimicrobial resistance in food and food-producing animals, and produces scientific reports on the subject.
Det Europžiske Lžgemiddelagentur (EMA) yder videnskabelig rdgivning, fremmer forsigtig anvendelse af antimikrobielle stoffer, overvger salget af antibiotika til dyresundhed og forvalter det frivillige projekt om europžisk overvgning af veterinžrt forbrug af antimikrobielle stoffer (ESVAC), der indsamler disse oplysninger. 
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) gives scientific advice, promotes prudent use of antimicrobials, and monitors sale volumes of antibiotics for animal health and manages the voluntary European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) project that collects this information.
Det udarbejder ogs videnskabelige udtalelser i forbindelse med markedsfżringstilladelser for antimikrobielle lžgemidler. 
It also provides scientific opinions for the marketing authorisation of antimicrobial medicinal products.
Forvaltningsorganet for Forbrugere, Sundhed, Landbrug og Fżdevarer (CHAFEA) forvalter EU's finansiering til bekžmpelse af AMR under sundhedsprogrammerne - herunder finansieringen til den fžlles aktion mod AMR. 
The Consumer, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA) manages the EU funding for AMR under the Health Programmes - including funding for the Joint Action on AMR.
17 Over 99 % af EU-budgettets finansiering til AMR-relaterede tiltag er rettet mod forskning. 
17 Over 99 % of funding from the EU budget for AMR related actions is directed at research.
EU-finansieringen af AMR-relateret forskning siden 2004 udgżr over 1,5 milliarder euro. 
EU Funding of AMR related research since 2004 has exceeded Ű1.5 billion.
Et af flagskibsinitiativerne er New Drugs for Bad Bugs-programmet (ND4BB), som blev lanceret i 2012. Det finansieres over RP7 og forvaltes af fžllesforetagendet for IMI. 
One of the flagship initiatives is the New Drugs for Bad Bugs Programme (ND4BB) launched in 2012, funded from FP7 and managed by the JU IMI.