natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Cloudcomputing: On-demand levering over internettet af IT-ressourcer fra fjernservere - f.eks. lagring, datakraft eller datadelingskapacitet. 
Cloud computing: The delivery of on-demand§ IT resources – such as storage, computing power or data-sharing capacity – over the internet, through hosting on remote servers.
Crime-as-a-service-modellen: En fremherskende kriminel forretningsmodel i den digitale undergrundsøkonomi, som tilbyder en bred vifte af kommercielle tjenester og værktøjer, der giver cyberkriminelle på begynderniveau mulighed for at begå cyberkriminalitet. 
Crime-as-a-service (Caas) model: A criminal business model that drives the digital underground economy, providing a wide range of commercial services and tools enabling unskilled, entry-level cybercriminals to commit cybercrime.
Cyberangreb: Et forsøg på at underminere eller ødelægge fortroligheden, integriteten og tilgængeligheden af data eller et computersystem via cyberspace. 
Cyberattack: An attempt to undermine or destroy the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data or a computer system through cyberspace.
Cyberkriminalitet: Forskellige kriminelle aktiviteter, hvor computere og IT-systemer enten er de primære værktøjer eller de primære mål. 
Cybercrime: Various criminal activities involving computers and IT systems as either a primary tool or primary target.
Der kan være tale om traditionelle forbrydelser (f.eks. svig, forfalskning og identitetstyveri), indholdsrelaterede forbrydelser (f.eks. onlinedistribution af børnepornografi eller tilskyndelse til racehad) og forbrydelser, der udelukkende vedrører computere og informationssystemer (f.eks. systemangreb, denial of service-angreb og malware). 
These activities include: traditional offences (e.g. fraud, forgery and identity theft); content-related offences (e.g. online distribution of child pornography or incitement to racial hatred); and offences unique to computers and information systems (e.g. attacks against information systems, denial of service attacks and malware).
Cyberrelateret kriminalitet: En forbrydelse, der kun kan begås ved hjælp af IT-udstyr. 
Cyber-dependent crime: A crime that can only be committed using IT devices.
Cyberrobusthed: Evnen til at forhindre, forberede sig på, modstå og komme sig over cyberangreb og -hændelser. 
Cyber resilience: The ability to prevent, prepare for, withstand and recover from cyberattacks and incidents.
Cybersikkerhed: Alle de sikkerhedsforanstaltninger, der er truffet for at beskytte IT-systemer og deres data mod uautoriseret adgang, angreb og skader for at sikre deres tilgængelighed, fortrolighed og integritet. 
Cybersecurity: All the safeguards and measures adopted to defend IT systems and their data against unauthorised access, attack and damage to ensure their availability, confidentiality and integrity.
Cyberspace: Det uhåndgribelige globale miljø, hvor onlinekommunikation foregår mellem mennesker, software og tjenesteydelser via computernet og teknologisk udstyr. 
Cyberspace: The intangible global environment in which online communication occurs between people, software and services via computer networks and technological devices.
Digitalt indhold: Alle former for data - såsom tekst, lyd, billeder eller video - der opbevares i et digitalt format. 
Digital content: Any data – such as text, sound, images or video – stored in a digital format.
Distribueret Denial of Service (DDoS): Et cyberangreb, der forhindrer legitime brugere i at få adgang til en onlinetjeneste eller -ressource ved at oversvømme den med flere anmodninger, end den kan klare. 
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): A cyberattack preventing legitimate users from accessing an online service or resource by flooding it with more requests than it can handle.
Exploit kit: En type værktøjssæt, som cyberkriminelle bruger til at angribe svagheder i net og informationssystemer, så de kan distribuere malware eller udføre andre skadelige aktiviteter. 
Exploit kit: A type of toolkit cybercriminals use to attack vulnerabilities in network and information systems so they can distribute malware or perform other malicious activities.
Hacktivist: Enkeltpersoner eller grupper, der skaffer sig uautoriseret adgang til informationssystemer eller net med henblik på at fremme sociale eller politiske formål. 
Hacktivist: Individuals or groups who gain unauthorised access to information systems or networks with a view to furthering social or political ends.
Hybrid trussel: En fjendtlig tilkendegivelse, som modstandere fremsætter med en kombination af konventionelle og ikkekonventionelle krigsførelsesteknikker (f.eks. militære, politiske, økonomiske og teknologiske) for at efterstræbe deres mål med magt. 
Hybrid threat: An expression of hostile intent which adversaries make using a mix of conventional and non-conventional warfare techniques (i.e. military, political, economic and technological methods) in forceful pursuit of their objectives.
Informationssikkerhed: Det sæt af processer og værktøjer, der beskytter fysiske og digitale data mod uautoriseret adgang, anvendelse, videregivelse, afbrydelse, ændring, registrering eller ødelæggelse. 
Information security: The set of processes and tools protecting physical and digital data from unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, recording or des truction.
Integritet: Beskyttelse mod uretmæssig ændring eller ødelæggelse af oplysninger og sikring af deres ægthed. 
Integrity: Guarding against the improper modification or destruction of information, and guaranteeing its authenticity.
Malware: Skadelig software. 
Malware: Malicious software.
Et computerprogram, der har til formål at skade en computer, en server eller et net. 
A computer programme designed to harm a computer, server or network.
Netsikkerhed: Den del af cybersikkerheden, der sigter mod at beskytte data, som sendes via udstyr på det samme net, for at sikre, at oplysningerne ikke opsnappes eller ændres. 
Network security: A subset of cybersecurity protecting data sent via devices on the same network, to ensure that the information is not intercepted or changed.
Patching: Foretagelse af ændringer i software med henblik på opdatering, problemløsning eller forbedring, herunder udbedring af sikkerhedsmangler. 
Patching: Introducing a set of changes to software or to update, fix, or improve it, including fixing security vulnerabilities.
Personoplysninger: Oplysninger om en identificerbar person. 
Personal data: Information relating to an identifiable individual.
Phishing: Udsendelse af e-mail, der foregiver at stamme fra en pålidelig kilde, med henblik på at vildlede modtagerne til at klikke på skadelige link eller udlevere personlige oplysninger. 
Phishing: The practice of sending emails purporting to originate from a trusted source in order to deceive recipients into clicking malicious links or sharing personal information.
Ransomware: Skadelig software, der nægter offeret adgang til et computersystem eller gør datafilerne ulæselige, som regel ved hjælp af kryptering. 
Ransomware: Malicious software that denies victims access to a computer system or makes files unreadable, usually through encryption.
Normalt afpresser angriberen derefter offeret ved at nægte at genåbne adgangen, før der betales en løsesum. 
The attacker then normally blackmails the victim by refusing to restore access until a ransom is paid.
Skimming: Tyveri af kredit-eller debetkortdata, når de indtastes online. 
Skimming: The theft of credit or debit card data when entered online.
Social engineering: Dette udtryk bruges i forbindelse med informationssikkerhed om psykologisk manipulation, der har til formål at narre mennesker til at udføre en bestemt handling eller afsløre fortrolige oplysninger. 
Social engineering: In information security, psychological manipulation to deceive people into performing an action or divulging confidential information.
Tekstvektorisering: Konvertering af ord, sætninger eller hele dokumenter til numeriske vektorer, så de kan bruges af maskinlæringsalgoritmer. 
Text vectorisation: The process of converting words, sentences or entire documents into numeric vectors so that machine-learning algorithms can use these.
Tillidstjenester: Tjenester, der styrker den retlige gyldighed af en elektronisk transaktion, f.eks. elektroniske signaturer, segl og tidsstempler, registreret levering og webstedsautentifikation. 
Trust services: Services that enhance the legal validity of an electronic transaction, such as electronic signatures, seals, time stamps, registered delivery and website authentication.
Wipermalware: En type malware, hvis mål er at slette harddisken i den computer, den inficerer. 64 
Wiper malware: A class of malware whose intention is to wipe the hard drive of the computer it infects. 59
1 2 3 I udkastet til EU's forordning om cybersikkerhed er det blevet defineret som "alle aktiviteter, der er nødvendige for at beskytte net-og informationssystemer, deres brugere og berørte personer mod cybertrusler". Forordningen forventes at blive vedtaget af Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet i begyndelsen af 2019. 
1 2 3 In the draft EU Cybersecurity Act, it has been defined as “all activities necessary to protect network and information systems, their users, and affected persons from cyber threats” The Act is expected to be adopted by the European Parliament and the Council in early 2019.
Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2017. 
Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2017.
Den Europæiske Cybersikkerhedsorganisation (ECSO), European Cybersecurity Industry Proposal for a contractual Public-Private Partnership, juni 2016. 
European Cyber Security Organisation (ECSO), European Cybersecurity Industry Proposal for a contractual Public-Private Partnership, June 2016.
Europa-Parlamentet, Cybersecurity in the European Union and Beyond: Exploring the Threats 4 and Policy Responses, undersøgelse udarbejdet for LIBE-udvalget, september 2015. 
European Parliament, Cybersecurity in the European Union and Beyond: Exploring the Threats 4 and Policy Responses, Study for the LIBE Committee, September 2015.
ENISA, ENISA Threat Landscape Report 2017, 18. januar 2018. 
ENISA, ENISA Threat Landscape Report 2017, 18 January 2018.
Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2018. 
Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2018.
Europol, ibid., 2018. 
Europol, Ibid., 2018.
European Centre for Political Economy, Stealing Thunder: Will cyber espionage be allowed to hold Europe back in the global race for industrial competitiveness?, Occasional Paper No 2/18. februar 2018. 
European Centre for Political Economy, Stealing Thunder: Will cyber espionage be allowed to hold Europe back in the global race for industrial competitiveness?, Occasional Paper No 2/18, February 2018.
Europa-Kommissionen, formandens tale om Unionens tilstand 2017. 
European Commission, President’s State of the Union 2017.
10 Europol, World’s Biggest Marketplace selling internet paralysing DDoS attacks taken down, pressemeddelelse, 25. april 2018. 
10 Europol, World’s Biggest Marketplace selling internet paralysing DDoS attacks taken down, press release, 25 April 2018.
11 Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2017. 
11 Europol, Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2017.
12 Europa-Kommissionen, Factsheet on cybersecurity, september 2017. 
12 European Commission factsheet on cybersecurity, September 2017.
13 Omkostningerne kan omfatte: mistede indtægter, omkostninger til genopretning af ødelagte systemer, potentielt ansvar i forbindelse med stjålne aktiver eller oplysninger, incitamenter til kundefastholdelse, højere forsikringspræmier, øgede produktionsomkostninger (nye systemer, ansatte, undervisning) og potentielle overholdelsesomkostninger eller retsomkostninger. 
13 Costs could include: lost revenue; costs for repairing damaged systems; potential liabilities for stolen assets or information; customer retention incentives; higher insurance premiums; increased protection costs (new systems, employees, training); potential settlement of compliance costs or litigation.
14 NTT Security, Risk:Value 2018 Report. 
14 NTT Security, Risk:Value 2018 Report.
15 Ransomwaren Wannacry udnyttede sårbarheder i en protokol i Microsoft Windows, som gjorde det muligt at fjernovertage hvilken som helst computer. 
15 The Wannacry ransomware exploited vulnerabilities in a Microsoft Windows protocol enabling the remote takeover of any computer.
Microsoft udsendte et patch efter at have opdaget sårbarheden. 
A patch was issued by Microsoft after it had discovered the vulnerability.
Men hundredtusindvis af computere var endnu ikke blevet opdateret, og mange af dem blev efterfølgende inficeret. 
However, hundreds of thousands of computers had not yet been updated, and many of these were subsequently infected.
Kilde: A. Greenberg, Hold North Korea Accountable For Wannacry—and the NSA, too, WIRED, 19. december 2017. 
Source: A. Greenberg, Hold North Korea Accountable For Wannacry—and the NSA, too, WIRED, 19 December 2017.
16 Europa-Kommissionen, Europæernes holdninger til cybersikkerhed, Eurobarometersærnummer 464a, september 2017. 
16 European Commission, Europeans’ attitudes towards cybersecurity, Special Eurobarometer 464a, September 2017.
En opfølgende undersøgelse forventes at blive offentliggjort i begyndelsen af 2019. 
A follow-up survey is expected to be published in early 2019.
17 Budapestkonventionen er bindende internationale retningslinjer for lande, der udvikler lovgivning mod cyberkriminalitet. 
17 The Budapest Convention is a binding international guideline for countries developing legislation against cybercrime.
Den danner en ramme for internationalt samarbejde mellem deltagerstaterne. 
It provides a framework for international cooperation between state parties.
Kommissionen, Rådet for Den Europæiske Union, Europol, ENISA og Eurojust repræsenterer på nuværende tidspunkt EU. 
The Commission, the Council of the European Union, Europol, ENISA and Eurojust currently represent the EU.
5 6 7 8 9 65 
5 6 7 8 9 60
66 18 Europa-Kommissionen, EU-strategi for cybersikkerhed: Et åbent, sikkert og beskyttet cyberspace, COM JOIN (2013) 1 final af 7. februar 2013. 
61 18 European Commission, Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union: An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace, JOIN (2013) 1 final, 7 February 2013.
19 Europa-Kommissionen, Den europæiske dagsorden om sikkerhed, COM (2015) 185 final af 28. april 2015. 
19 European Commission, The European Agenda on Security, COM(2015) 185 final, 28 April 2015.
20 Europa-Kommissionen, En strategi for et digitalt indre marked i EU, COM (2015) 192 final af 6. maj 2015. 
20 European Commission, A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe, COM(2015) 192 final, 6 May 2015.
21 EU-Udenrigstjenesten, Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. 
21 EEAS Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe.
A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, juni 2016. 
A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, June 2016.
22 Centre for European Policy Studies, Strengthening the EU’s Cyber Defence Capabilities – Report of a CEPS Task Force, november 2018. 
22 Centre for European Policy Studies, Strengthening the EU’s Cyber Defence Capabilities – Report of a CEPS Task Force, November 2018.
23 Den malware, der blev brugt i angrebet med ransomwaren Wannacry, som Nordkorea stod bag ifølge USA, Det Forenede Kongerige og Australien, blev oprindeligt udviklet og opbevaret af det amerikanske sikkerhedsagentur (NSA) for at udnytte sårbarheder i Windows. 
23 The malware behind the Wannacry ransomware attack which was attributed to North Korea by the United States, the UK and Australia, was originally developed and stockpiled by the US National Security Agency to exploit vulnerabilities in Windows.
Kilde: A. Greenberg, ibid., WIRED, 19. december 2017. 
Source: A. Greenberg, ibid., WIRED, 19 December 2017.
I kølvandet på angrebene fordømte Microsoft, at statslige myndigheder opbevarer skadelig software, og gentog sin opfordring til at skabe en digital Genèvekonvention. 
In the wake of the attacks, Microsoft condemned the stockpiling of software vulnerabilities by governments and repeated its call for the need for a Digital Geneva Convention.
24 Foruden landjorden, havet, luften og rummet. 
24 In addition to land, sea, air and space.
25 Ramme for EU's cyberforsvarspolitik (2018-ajourføring), 14413/18, 19. november 2018. 
25 EU Cyber Defence Policy Framework (2018 update), 14413/18, 19 November 2018.
26 Europa-Kommissionen/EU-Udenrigstjenesten, Fælles ramme for imødegåelse af hybride trusler, JOIN (2016) 18 final af 6. april 2016. 
26 European Commission/European External Action Service, Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats: a European Union response, JOIN(2016) 18 final, 6 April 2016.
27 Fælles erklæring fra formanden for Det Europæiske Råd, formanden for Europa-Kommissionen og generalsekretæren for Den Nordatlantiske Traktats Organisation, 8. juli 2016 og 10. juli 2018. 
27 Joint declaration by the Presidents of the European Council and the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 8 July 2016 and 10 July 2018.
28 Europa-Kommissionen/EU-Udenrigstjenesten, Modstandsdygtighed, afskrækkelse og forsvar: opbygning af en stærk cybersikkerhed for EU, JOIN (2017) 450 final af 13. september 2017. 
28 European Commission/European External Action Service, Resilience, Deterrence and Defence: Building strong cybersecurity for the EU, JOIN(2017) 450 final, 13 September 2017.
29 Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv (EU) 2016/1148 af 6. juli 2016 om foranstaltninger, der skal sikre et højt fælles sikkerhedsniveau for net-og informationssystemer i hele Unionen (EUT L 194 af 19.7.2016, s. 
29 Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union (OJ L 194, 19.7.2016, p.
30 Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv (EU) 2016/1148 af 6. juli 2016 om foranstaltninger, der skal sikre et højt fælles sikkerhedsniveau for net-og informationssystemer i hele Unionen. 
30 Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union.
31 Disse er integreret i samarbejdsstrukturer, der er oprettet ved direktivet, nemlig CSIRT-netværket (et netværk bestående af CERT-EU og de CSIRT'er, der er udpeget af EU-medlemsstaterne; ENISA varetager sekretariatet) og samarbejdsgruppen (som støtter og fremmer det strategiske samarbejde og informationsudvekslingen mellem medlemsstaterne; Kommissionen varetager sekretariatet). 32 Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) 2016/679 af 27. april 2016 om beskyttelse af fysiske personer i forbindelse med behandling af personoplysninger og om fri udveksling 
31 These are integrated into cooperative structures established by the directive, the CSIRTS Network (a network composed of EU Member States’ appointed CSIRTs and CERT-EU; ENISA hosts the secretariat) and the Cooperation Group (supports and facilitates the strategic cooperation and information exchange among Member States for which the Commission hosts the secretariat) 32 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on
67 af sådanne oplysninger og om ophævelse af direktiv 95/46/EF (generel forordning om databeskyttelse) (EUT L 119 af 4.5.2016, s. 
62 the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p.
33 Europa-Kommissionen, Forslag til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning om ENISA, "EU's Agentur for Cybersikkerhed", om ophævelse af forordning (EU) nr. 526/2013 og om cybersikkerhedscertificering af informations-og kommunikationsteknologi ("forordningen om cybersikkerhed"), COM(2017) 477 final af 13. september 2017. 
33 European Commission, Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ENISA, the "EU Cybersecurity Agency", and repealing Regulation (EU) 526/2013, and on Information and Communication Technology cybersecurity certification (''Cybersecurity Act''), COM(2017) 477 final, 13 September 2017.
34 Europa-Kommissionen, Forslag til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning om europæiske editions-og sikringskendelser om elektronisk bevismateriale i straffesager, COM (2018) 225 final af 17. april 2018. 
34 European Commission, Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on European Production and Preservation Orders for electronic evidence in criminal matters, COM(2018) 225 final, 17 April 2018.
35 Europa-Kommissionen, Forslag til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv om harmoniserede regler for udpegning af retlige repræsentanter med henblik på indsamling af bevismateriale i straffesager. 
35 European Commission, Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on the appointment of legal representatives for the purpose of gathering evidence in criminal proceedings.
COM (2018) 226 final, 17. april 2018. 
COM(2018) 226 final, 17 April 2018.
36 Europa-Kommissionen, Forslag til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning om oprettelse af det europæiske industri-, teknologi-og forskningskompetencecenter for cybersikkerhed og netværket af nationale koordinationscentre, COM (2018) 630 final af 12. september 2018. 
36 European Commission, Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre and the Network of National Coordination Centres, COM(2018) 630 final, 12 September 2018.
37 H. Carrapico and A. Barrinha, The EU as a Coherent (Cyber)Security Actor?, Journal of Common Market Studies, bind 55, nr. 
37 H. Carrapico and A. Barrinha, The EU as a Coherent (Cyber)Security Actor?, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol.
6, 2017. 
55, No. 6, 2017.
38 Europa-Kommissionen, ibid., SWD (2017) 295 final af 13. september 2017. 
38 European Commission, ibid., SWD(2017) 295 final, 13 September 2017.
39 Europa-Parlamentets forskningstjeneste, Transatlantic cyber-insecurity and cybercrime. 
39 European Parliamentary Research Service, Transatlantic cyber-insecurity and cybercrime.
40 ENISA, An evaluation framework for Cyber Security Strategies, 27. november 2014. 
40 ENISA, An evaluation framework for Cyber Security Strategies, 27 November 2014.
41 En undtagelse er artikel 14 ("Overvågning og statistik") i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2013/40/EU af 12. august 2013 om angreb på informationssystemer og om erstatning af Rådets rammeafgørelse 2005/222/RIA. 
41 AnexceptionbeingArticle14(‘Monitoringandstatistics’)oftheDirective2013/40/EUof the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 on attacks against information systems and replacing Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA.
42 Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg, Cybersecurity: ensuring awareness and resilience of the private sector across Europe in face of mounting cyber risks, marts 2018. 
42 European Economic and Social Committee, Cybersecurity: ensuring awareness and resilience of the private sector across Europe in face of mounting cyber risks, March 2018.
CEPS-ECRI Task Force, Cybersecurity in Finance: Getting the policy mix right!, juni 2018. 
CEPS-ECRI Task Force, Cybersecurity in Finance: Getting the policy mix right!, June 2018.
43 24 af de 28 overordnede revisionsorganer besvarede vores spørgeskema. 
43 24 of 28 national audit offices replied to our survey.
44 Dette betyder, at den er principbaseret og så teknologineutral som muligt. 
44 This means principles-based and as technology-neutral as possible.
45 Europa-Kommissionens mekanisme for videnskabelig rådgivning, Scientific Opinion 2/2017, 24. marts 2017. 
45 European Commission Scientific Advice Mechanism Scientific Opinion 2/2017, 24 March 2017.
46 L. Rebuffi, EU Digital Autonom Informationssicherheit, september 2018. 
46 L. Rebuffi, EU Digital Autonomy: A possible approach, Digma Zeitschrift für Datenrecht und Informationssicherheit, September 2018.