natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Landbrugsjordensvžrdi................................................... 
Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
KONKLUSION............................................................. Kommissionenssvar......................................................... Punkt ........... 
CONCLUSION ............................................................ CommissionŐsreplies ........................................................ Paragraph reference Page ...........
1.1-1.3 2.1-2.12 2.1-2.5 2.6-2.12 3.1-3.5 4.1-4.48 4.1-4.5 4.6-4.10 4.11-4.14 4.15-4.21 4.15-4.19 4.20-4.21 4.22-4.23 4.24-4.28 4.25 4.26-4.28 4.29-4.48 4.31-4.36 4.37-4.46 4.47-4.48 5.1-5.13 ........... Side 2 4 4 4 5 6 10 10 12 14 14 14 15 17 19 19 19 20 20 23 26 26 31 
2 1.1-1.3 4 2.1-2.12 4 2.1-2.5 4 2.6-2.12 5 3.1-3.5 6 4.1-4.48 10 4.1-4.5 10 4.6-4.10 12 4.11-4.14 14 4.15-4.21 14 4.15-4.19 14 4.20-4.21 15 4.22-4.23 17 4.24-4.28 19 4.25 19 4.26-4.28 19 4.29-4.48 20 4.31-4.36 20 4.37-4.46 23 4.47-4.48 26 5.1-5.13 26 ........... 31
C 192/2 DA De Europžiske Fžllesskabers Tidende RESUM Beretningen omhandler indvirkningerne af 1992-reformen af den fžlles landbrugspolitik p kornsektoren. 
C 192/2 EN Official Journal of the European Communities SUMMARY The report deals with the impact of the 1992 CAP reform on the cereals sector.
Der gives en kort historisk oversigt over den fžlles markedsordning for korn, og de vigtigste elementer i reformen gennemgs. 
It provides a summary of the history of the common organisation of the market (COM) in cereals, followed by a reminder of the key elements of the reform.
Dernžst redegżres der for udviklingen i budgettet for den fžlles markedsordning og i de vigtigste żkonomiske variabler i kornsektoren efter reformen. 
It then traces the evolution of the COMŐs budget and of the main economic variables present in the cereals sector after the reform.
P baggrund af denne udvikling evalueres resultaterne af reformen. 
In the light of this evolution, it evaluates the results of the reform.
Den gamle markedsordning, som var baseret p prisstżtte og beskyttelse mod korn fra tredjelande, resulterede i voksende offentlige lagre og stigende omkostninger, som skulle džkkes over fžllesskabsbudgettet. 
The old COM, which was based on price support and external protection, resulted in growing public stocks at rising cost to the Community budget.
Endvidere var man nżdt til at żge udgifterne til eksportrestitutioner, for at det overskydende korn kunne afsžttes p verdensmarkedet. 
In addition, ever-increasing export refunds had to be granted to dispose of surplus cereals on the world markets.
Fžllesskabets handelspartnere lagde ogs pres p Kommissionen for at f liberaliseret landbrugsmarkederne i EF yderligere. 
EC trade partners were also pressing the Community to further liberalise its agricultural markets.
Dette resulterede i reformen af den fžlles landbrugspolitik i 1992, som fżrst og fremmest gjaldt kornsektoren (jf. punkt 2.1-2.12). 
This finally resulted in the CAP (common agricultural policy) reform of 1992, mainly directed at the cereals sector (see paragraphs 2.1 to 2.12).
Sigtet med reformen var, at de interne og eksterne problemer skulle lżses ved at gżre korn dyrket i Fžllesskabet mere konkurrencedygtigt. 
This reform attempted to deal with internal and external problems by increasing the competitiveness of EC-grown cereals.
Det vigtigste instrument var en drastisk nedsžttelse af interventionspriserne. 
The principal instrument was drastic reduction of intervention prices.
Som kompensation for indkomsttab som fżlge af prisnedsžttelserne fik landbrugerne direkte arealstżtte. 
Farmers were compensated for income losses resulting from price reductions by means of direct area aid.
Mar-kedsligevžgten skulle sikres ved, at landbrugerne p grund af de lavere priser ville blive ansporet til at sžnke produktionen, ved at hektarstżtten blev gjort uafhžngig af den faktiske produktionsmžngde og ved at tage landbrugsjord ud af produktion (jf. punkt 3.1-3.5). 
Market balance was to be achieved by paying lower prices and thereby discouraging production, by making area aid independent of the actual production volume and by setting aside production areas (see paragraphs 3.1 to 3.5).
Kommissionen havde ganske vist regnet med en vis stigning i budgetudgifterne som fżlge af, at landbrugsstżtten gradvist skulle betales af skatteyderne i stedet for af forbrugerne, men udgifterne steg hurtigere end forventet p grund af svel Kommissionens som Rdets forskellige afgżrelser vedrżrende forvaltningen af markedspolitikken. 
Although the Commission expected a certain increase in budgetary expenditure, as the burden of farm support was gradually transferred from the consumer to the taxpayer, expenditure, as a result of management decisions taken at Commission or Council level, grew faster than foreseen.
Det forventede fald i udgifterne i 1997 udeblev (jf. punkt 4.1-4.5). 
The decrease in expenditure forecast for 1997 did not take place (see paragraphs 4.1 to 4.5).
I reformens fżrste r faldt produktionen, men dette fald blev hurtigt fulgt af stigninger, som igen fik produktionen op p niveauet fra fżr reformen. 
Decreases in production in the first year of reform were rapidly followed by increases that brought production back up to pre-reform production levels.
Den faktiske udvikling varierede meget fra medlemsstat til medlemsstat, hvilket var et tegn p, at klimažndringer og stadig stigende udbytter havde stżrre indvirkning p produktionsmžngden end prisnedsžttelser og tvungen braklžgning af landbrugsjord (jf. punkt 4.6-4.10). 
The evolution differed greatly from one Member State to another, indicating that the volume of production was influenced more by climatic changes and continuously increasing yields than by price reductions and the compulsory set-aside of arable land (see paragraphs 4.6 to 4.10).
Det interne forbrug steg som fżlge af prisnedsžttelserne, som gjorde det mere attraktivt at anvende korn til dyrefoder. 
Internal consumption increased as a result of the price reductions, which increased the attractiveness of using cereals for animal feed.
Fodersektoren har imidlertid vist, at den hurtigt kan tilpasse sig markedsforholdene, og dermed er der ogs risiko for, at den vil kunne reagere modsat, f.eks. hvis forholdet mellem prisen p korn og p kornsubstitutter ikke lžngere falder ud til fordel for korn (jf. punkt 4.11-4.14). 
However, the animal-feed sectorŐs ability to adapt shows that there is also a risk of it reacting and moving in the opposite direction, for example whenever the price ratio between cereals and their substitutes becomes unfavourable for cereals again (see paragraphs 4.11 to 4.14).
Man forventede, at producentpriserne ville fżlge faldet i de institutionelle priser. 
It was expected that producer prices would follow the decrease in institutional prices.
Dette skete ogs i varierende grad i medlemsstaterne, men som fżlge af mangel p korn p verdensmarkedet blev EU-markedspriserne p blżd hvede, der er den kornart, der produceres mest af i EU, ved med at ligge over de nye institutionelle priser, hvilket resulterede i, at landbrugerne samlet blev overkompenseret for de faktiske indkomsttab. 
This did happen to a varying extent in the Member States, but due to shortages on the world market, EU market prices for common wheat, the main cereal produced in the EU, stayed above the new institutional prices, which resulted in global over-compensation of actual income losses.
Retten har allerede gjort rede for dette i rsberetningen for regnskabsret 1996 (jf. punkt 4.16-4.18 og 4.33). 8.7.1999 
The Court has already reported on this phenomenon in its Annual Report concerning the financial year 1996 (see paragraphs 4.16 to 4.18 and 4.33). 8.7.1999
8.7.1999 DA De Europžiske Fžllesskabers Tidende Efter overgangsperioden faldt priserne i 1997 og 1998, og der mtte igen ydes stżtte i form af intervention (jf. punkt 4.19 og 4.23). 
8.7.1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities In 1997 and 1998, after the transitional period, prices dropped and had to be supported by intervention once again (see paragraphs 4.19 and 4.23).
Man havde forventet, at lavere producentpriser ville betyde, at forbrugerne ikke lžngere skulle finansiere s stor en andel af stżtten til landbrugssektoren. 
The drop in producer prices was expected to lessen the burden on the consumer of supporting the agricultural sector.
Men de priser, den endelige forbruger skal betale, er enten ikke faldet vžsentligt (f.eks. for brżd), eller der har ikke kunnet konstateres en direkte sammenhžng mellem prisfald og lavere kornpriser (okse-og svinekżd). 
However, significant falls in the price to the final consumer could either not be established (e.g. for bread) or could not be related specifically to reduced cereal prices (beef and pork).
Skatteydernes bidrag er derfor steget betragteligt, uden at forbrugerne har fet nogen synderlig fordel (jf. punkt 4.20-4.21). 
Thus, the burden on the taxpayer increased considerably, with no particular gain to the consumer (see paragraphs 4.20 to 4.21).
Reformen har betydet żgede indtžgter for landbrugssektoren som helhed. 
With respect to the farm income, the sector as a whole benefited from the reform.
I overgangsperioden blev markedspriserne ved med at ligge over de nyligt fastsatte institutionelle priser, og derfor er der samlet blevet givet overkompensation for faktiske tab. 
As market prices stayed above the newly fixed institutional prices during the transitional period, real losses were over-compensated on a global level.
Jo hżjere markedspriserne var i medlemsstaterne, jo mere tjente de berżrte landbrugere p stżtten efter indfżrelsen af det nye system. 
The higher the market prices were in Member States, the higher the overall returns to the farmers concerned following the introduction of the new system.
Systemet er aldrig blevet skržddersyet til hverken at kompensere den enkelte landmand for tab eller til at kompensere for tab p medlemsstatsniveau. 
The system was never tailored to compensate for losses either at the level of the individual farmer or at country level.
Over-og underkompensation skyldes derfor to faktorer. 
Therefore, there are two sources of over-or under-compensation.
Den fżrste er, at stżtten er knyttet til gennemsnitsarealer og -udbytter, der er fastfrosset p deres historiske niveau. Det har betydet, at effektive landbrug er blevet under-kompenseret og mindre effektive overkompenseret. 
The first is due to the fact that aid is linked to average areas and yields that are frozen at their historical level which led to under-compensation of efficient farmers and over-compensation of less efficient ones.
P den anden side har markedspriserne for de samme produkter vžret forskellige i de forskellige medlemsstater. Nogle r har landbrugerne i nogle lande derfor fet overkompensation, og andre har fet underkompensation (jf. punkt 4.31-4.35). 
On the other hand, differences among countries in market prices for the same products caused over-compensation for farmers in some countries and under-compensation for those in others in specific years (see paragraphs 4.31 to 4.35).
Under godtgżrelsesordningen differentieres stżtten ikke efter bedriftens stżrrelse eller udbytte, og derfor er den ikke med til at forbedre de sm producenters forhold. 
Furthermore, the compensation system does not differentiate support according to farm size or yield and thus does not improve the position of smaller producers.
Det er stadig de store landbrugsbedrifter og bedrifterne i regioner med det stżrste udbytte, der fr den hżjeste stżtte (jf. punkt 4.37-4.46). 
The large farms and those situated in regions with the highest yields continue to benefit from the highest subsidies (see paragraphs 4.37 to 4.46).
Reformen af den fžlles landbrugspolitik i 1992 var bestemt et skridt i den rigtige retning. 
As an actual policy change, the 1992 CAP reform was certainly a step in the right direction.
Der skal imidlertid tržffes yderligere foranstaltninger, hvis den żgede konkurrenceevne og den forbedrede markedsbalance skal kunne opretholdes. 
However, in order to safeguard the gains made as regards competitiveness and market balance, further steps are necessary.
De foranstaltninger, der foresls i Agenda 2000, er ikke vidtgende nok til at hindre, at der igen opstr produktionsoverskud, og sikre, at der vil blive reageret hensigtsmžssigt p faldende priser p verdensmarkedet, og at landbrugerne fr en rimelig indkomst. 
Measures suggested in Agenda 2000 are insufficient to combat recurring production surpluses, to react appropriately to falling prices on the world market and to safeguard farm incomes.
I betragtning af de stadigt stigende problemer med produktionen og arealstżtteordningen kunne det vžre hensigtsmžssigt at undersżge, om det er muligt at erstatte den nuvžrende ordning med en form for direkte indkomststżtte (jf. punkt 5.8-5.11). 
Given the increasing difficulties associated with production and area-related subsidies, it may be appropriate to examine the possibility of replacing the present system by some form of direct income support (see paragraphs 5.8 to 5.11).
C 192/3 
C 192/3
C 192/4 DA De Europžiske Fžllesskabers Tidende 8.7.1999 1. 
C 192/4 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 8.7.1999 1.
P mange mder er korn Fžllesskabets vigtigste afgrżde. 
In many respects cereals are the CommunityŐs most important crop.
38 mio. hektar, eller ca. 25 % af Fžllesskabets landbrugsareal, er tilset med korn. 
They occupy around 38 million hectares, about 25 % of the CommunityŐs agricultural area.
200 mio. ton pr. r er korn den afgrżde, der produceres mest af. 
Quantity-wise they account for the highest production at about 200 million tonnes a year.
38 mio. ton korn inden for Fžllesskabet, og dermed er korn det vigtigste produkt i samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne. 
They constitute the main product for intra-Community trade amounting to approximately 38 million tonnes.
I 1997 tegnede den fžlles markedsordning for korn alene sig for mere end 14 000 mio. ECU af fžllesskabsbudgettet, dvs. 34 % af EUGFL, Garantisektionens budget. 
The operation of this common organisation of the market (COM) alone cost the Community budget more than ECU 14 000 million in 1997, i.e. 34 % of the EAGGF Guarantee budget.
I 1992 žndrede Fžllesskabet den fžlles landbrugspolitik p en ržkke omrder. 
In 1992 the Community reformed parts of the common agricultural policy (CAP).
Reformen var fżrst og fremmest rettet mod kornmarkedet, hvor de nye bestemmelser blev taget i anvendelse fra og med produktionsret 1993/94. 
The main thrust of the reform was devoted to the cereals market, where the new provisions were applied from the 1993/1994 marketing year onwards.
Reformen skulle vžre gennemfżrt fuldt ud efter en trerig overgangsperiode, dvs. i juni 1996. 
It was expected that the reform would be implemented in full by the end of a three-year transitional period i.e. June 1996.
Produktionsret 1996/97 var sledes det fżrste r, hvor reformen var gennemfżrt fuldt ud. 
Thus the 1996/1997 marketing year was the first year in which the reform was applied fully.
Denne beretning gżr rede for nogle af de vigtigste virkninger, reformen har haft p kornsektoren. 
This report deals with some of the major effects the reform had on the cereals sector.
Den er udarbejdet p grundlag af revisionsarbejde udfżrt i 1997 og 1998, herunder analyser af żkonomiske og finansielle data indsamlet af Eurostat eller fremlagt i andre fžllesskabsdoku-menter og indsamlet under interviews med nationale administrationer og repržsentanter for producenter, forarbejdningsvirksomheder og forbrugere i de fem stżrste kornproducerende medlemsstater: Frankrig, Tyskland, Det Forenede Kongerige, Italien og Spanien (2). 
It is based on audit work carried out during 1997 and 1998, including analyses of economic and financial data compiled by Eurostat, presented in other Community documents and obtained during interviews with national administrations and representatives of producers, processors and consumers that were conducted in the five most important cereal-growing Member States: France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Spain (2).
Beretningen indeholder en kort historisk gennemgang af den fžlles markedsordning for korn fulgt af en redegżrelse for de vigtigste elementer i reformen. 
The report contains a brief summary of the history of the COM in cereals, followed by a reminder of the key elements of the reform.
Dernžst gennemgs udviklingen i (1) Landbrugets stilling i Den Europžiske Union, Rapport 1996, tabel 2 3.1.5, 3.5.2.2, 3.6.16, og 4.1.4.4. () I forhold til omfanget af deres kornproduktion, p grundlag af produktionstal fra 1995, som fremlagt i Eurostats 1996-rapport, tabel 4.1.1.3. budgettet for den fžlles markedsordning og i de vigtigste żkonomiske variabler i kornsektoren efter reformen. Beretningen omfatter endvidere en evaluering af reformens resultater samt Rettens bemžrkninger til spżrgsmlet om, hvorvidt Agenda 2000 vil kunne rette op p svaghederne i 1992-reformen og sikre, at reformprocessen fortsžttes. 
It then traces the evolution of the COMŐs budget and of the main economic variables that applied to the cereals sector after the reform, evaluates the results of the reform in relation to its objectives, and comments on whether Agenda 2000 is likely to remedy the weaknesses of the 1992 reform and drive the reform process further.
Beretningen behandler ikke udviklingen i den sžrlige ordning for hrd hvede, som Retten allerede har redegjort for i rsberetningen for regnskabsret 1997 (3). 
The report does not cover the evolution of the special scheme for durum wheat, as this was dealt with in the CourtŐs Annual Report concerning the financial year 1997 (3).
BAGGRUND Prisstżtte og beskyttelse mod korn fra tredjelande 2.1. 
HISTORY Price support and external protection 2.1.
P grund af dets grundlžggende betydning for menneskers og dyrs ernžring og for samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne var korn det fżrste produkt, der blev omfattet af en fžlles markedsordning under den fžlles landbrugspolitik. 
Cereals were the first product to become the subject of a COM under the CAP, because of their fundamental importance to human and animal nutrition, and to intra-Community trade.
8.7.1999 DA De Europžiske Fžllesskabers Tidende C 192/5 bevirkede salgene fra interventionslagrene, at priserne fastholdtes p niveauet for indikativpriserne. For at anspore producenterne og kornhandlerne til selv at oplagre korn og ikke anbringe det p interventionslagre straks efter hżsten blev der fastsat mnedlige tillžg for en bestemt del af produktionsret. 
8.7.1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 192/5 became short and prices rose, sales from intervention stores would keep market prices at the target-price level; moreover, in order to give producers and traders an incentive to store cereals themselves and not place them in intervention stocks immediately after harvest, intervention prices were increased by monthly increments over a certain part of the marketing year.
Lageromkostningerne og senere nedskrivningerne af lagrene blev betalt over fžllesskabsbudgettet, men ikke selve opkż-bene. 
The CommunityŐs budget bore storage cost and later depreciation of cereals on stock, but not the initial buying.
Med denne prisstżtteordning havde Fžllesskabet implicit taget hżjde for navnlig tre af mlene i Romtraktatens artikel 39 (4): a) indkomstmlet, dvs. at sikre landbrugsbefolkningen en rimelig levestandard gennem indikativprisen b) at stabilisere markederne, eftersom priserne kun fik lov til at bevžge sig mellem indikativ-og interventionspriserne c) strukturmlet, dvs. at bedrifternes produktion skulle vžre stor nok til at sikre de berżrte landbrugere en tilstržkkelig indkomst med de priser, der var fastsat. 
By applying this price-support system the Community had implicitly responded particularly to three objectives of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome (4): (a) the income objective, i.e. to ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural Community via the target price; (b) the market-stabilisation objective, as prices were allowed to fluctuate only between the target and intervention prices; (c) the structural objective, for farms to produce enough to provide a sustainable income for the farmers concerned at the prices that had been fixed.
Indikativpriserne blev fastsat p et s hżjt niveau, at der var tendens til, at markedspriserne blev markant lavere og endog var lavere end marginen p 10 % mellem indikativ-og interventionspriserne. 
Target prices were set at such a high level that market prices tended to be significantly lower and were even below the 10 % margin which separated the target and intervention prices.
Intervention blev derfor et permanent element i Fžllesskabets markedsstyring, som fastholdt produktionspriserne p det kunstigt hżje interventionsniveau. 
Intervention therefore, became a permanent feature of the CommunityŐs market management, keeping prices for producers at the artificially high intervention-price level.
Indikativpriserne havde (4) Romtraktatens artikel 39: Č1. 
The target prices became (4) Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome: Ô1.
Den fžlles landbrugspolitik har til forml: a) at forżge landbrugets produktivitet ved fremme af den tekniske udvikling, ved rationalisering af landbrugsproduktionen og ved den bedst mulige anvendelse af produktionsfaktorerne, isžr arbejdskraften b) herigennem at sikre landbrugsbefolkningen en rimelig levestandard, isžr ved en forhżjelse af de individuelle indkomster for de i landbruget beskžftigede personer c) at stabilisere markederne d) at sikre forsyningerne e) at sikre forbrugerne rimelige priser p landbrugsvarer. 
The objectives of the common agricultural policy shall be: (a) to increase agricultural productivity by promoting technical progress and by ensuring the rational development of agricultural production and the optimum utilisation of the factors of production, in particular labour; (b) thus to ensure a fair standard of living for the agricultural community, in particular by increasing the individual earnings of the persons engaged in agriculture; (c) to stabilise markets; (d) to assure the availability of supplies; (e) to ensure that supplies reach consumers at reasonable prices.
Vedudarbejdelsenafdenfžlleslandbrugspolitikogdesžrligefor-anstaltninger, som den kan medfżre, tages der hensyn til: a) landbrugserhvervets sžrlige karakter, der fżlger af landbrugets sociale struktur og af de strukturelle og naturbetingede forskelle mellem de forskellige landbrugsomrder b) nżdvendighedenaf,atżnskeligetilpasningergennemfżresgradvis c) den kendsgerning, at landbruget i medlemsstaterne udgżr en sektor, som er snžvert forbundet med żkonomien som helhed.Ç overhovedet ikke nogen betydning for landbrugets indtjening og tjente kun som et teoretisk grundlag for interventionsprisniveauet. 
In working out the common agricultural policy and the special methods for its application, account shall be taken of: (a) the particular nature of agricultural activity, which results from the social structure of agriculture and from structural and natural disparities between the various agricultural regions; (b) the need to effect the appropriate adjustments by degrees; (c) the fact that in the Member States agriculture constitutes a sector closely linked with the economy as a wholeŐ. completely meaningless as far as farm income was concerned and served as nothing more than a theoretical basis for determining intervention prices.
Endvidere blev der ikke taget hensyn til forbrugernes interesser, og forbrugerne mtte helt fra begyndelsen betale forskellen mellem de hżje priser i Fžllesskabet og de lave priser p verdensmarkedet. 
Furthermore, consumer interests were neglected; from the very start consumers had to bear the burden of the difference between high internal and low world prices.
Et sdant system med garanterede mindstepriser kan kun fungere, hvis billigere korn p verdensmarkedet holdes ude fra det interne marked. 
Such a system of guaranteed minimum prices can only function if competition from cheaper cereals on the world market is excluded from the internal market.