natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det giver en meget større artsrigdom/biodiversitet.
This is the basis for a much greater variety of species/biodiversity.
Du kan især finde dem i Hessemoseområdet, i Ulvedalene ved Sandskredssøen og i Odderdamsengene.
You may find them particularly in the Hessemose area, in Ulvedalene by Sandskredssøen and in Odderdamsengene.
Den store vandsalamander og bæklampretten er begge særligt beskyttede.
The great crested newt and the brook lamprey are both especially protected species.
Bæklampretten holder til i Følstrup Bæk og Esrum Å. Stor vandsalamander kan du være heldig at støde på ved mange af Gribskov mindre vådområder især i yngeltiden.
The brook lamprey is found in Følstrup Bæk and Esrum Å. You may be lucky to encounter the great crested newt at many of the smaller Gribskov wetlands, especially during breeding season.
Læs mere om Stor vandsalamander og Bæklampret i artsleksikonet
Read more on the great crested newt and the brook lamprey in the encyclopedia of species (in Danish)
Det er muligt at opleve et af Danmarks største landrovdyr, grævlingen, samt rådyr, dadyr, sikavildt og kronvildt.
It is possible to experience one of Denmark's largest terrestrial predators, the badger, as well as roe deer, fallow deer, sika deer and red deer.
Læs mere om Grævling , Dådyr , Rådyr , Sikavildt og Kronvildt i artsleksikonet
Read more on Badger , Fallow deer , Roe deer , Sika deer og Red deer in the encyclopedia of species (in Danish)
I Hessemoseområdet er der størst chance for at se stor kærguldsmed.
In the Hessemose area, you have a great chance of seeing a whiteface.
Den sjældne engperlemorssommerfugl findes nu kun i Odderdamsengene, mens kejserkåben, en stor orange sommerfugl, især er knyttet til skovenge.
The rare lesser marbled fritillary is now found only in the meadows of Odderdamsengene, while the silver-washed fritillary, a large orange butterfly, is especially fond of forest glades.
I år 1800 var der ca. 7000 km² hede i Jylland svarende til et areal på størrelse med hele Sjælland.
In 1800, moorlands covered about 7,000 km² of Jutland, corresponding to an area of the size of Zealand.
Med over 5.600 hektar jord og rødder der går over 10.000 år tilbage i tiden, er Gribskov Danmarks fjerdestørte og ældste store skov.
Covering an area of over 5,600 hectares and dating back over 10,000 years, Gribskov is Denmark's fourth-largest and its oldest large forest.
Næsten hele den østlige grænse ligger langs Esrum Sø og sammen med den er den skovklædte højderyg kernen i den skov- og sørige del af Nordsjælland mellem Tisvilde Hegn i vest og Øresund i øst.
Almost the entire eastern part borders Esrum Sø and, with the lake, the forested ridge forms the core of the area of North Zealand between Tisvilde Hegn to the west and Øresund to the east, which is so rich in forests and lakes.
I dag er skovdriften naturnær, men Gribskov er stadig præget af, at mange generationer har plantet og plejet træer i ensartede bestande.
Today, the method of forestry is natural; however, Gribskov is still characterized by the fact that many generations have planted and cared for trees in uniform stocks.
Læs mere om de danske statskove
Read more on the Danish state-owned forests
Gribskov ligger på et lag af kalk med et mange meter tykt dække af grus og ler, der er aflejret af gletsjere gennem flere millioner års skiftende istider, hvor isen trak sig frem og tilbage.
Gribskov is situated on a layer of chalk with a several-metres-thick cover of gravel and clay, which has deposited by glaciers through several million years of shifting ice ages where the ice moved back and forth.
Da Danmark blev isfrit efter den sidste istid for ca. 13.000 år siden, efterlod Bælthavsgletsjeren, der gjorde ophold i flere hundrede år i den sydlige del af den nuværende Gribskov, et system af randmoræner med parallelle bakkekamme og dale.
When Denmark became free of ice after the latest ice age some 13,000 years ago, the glacier, Bæltehavsgletsjeren, which remained for hundreds of years in the southern part of the present Gribskov, left a system of lateral moraines with parallel crests and valleys.
Den langstrakte ås og Esrum Sø er tydelige eksempler, og man får også et indtryk af dette oprindelige landskab på det kuperede område Ulvedalssletterne ved Sandskredssøen.
The elongated ridge and Esrum Sø are clear examples and you get an impression of this original landscape in the hilly area of Ulvedalssletterne at Sandskredssøen.
Smørstenen er den største af de fire vandreblokke, isen førte med sig.
Smørstenen is the largest of the four erratic boulders brought here by the ice
Ikke længe efter at isen fra den sidste istid var væk, rykkede rypelyng - hvis latinske betegnelse har givet navn til Dryastiden - ind sammen med mosebølle, revling, blågrå pil og dværgbirk.
Not long after the ice cover of the latest ice age had gone, dryas - whose Latin name gave name to the Dryas period - settled in together with bog whortleberries, crowberries, grey-leaf willows and dwarf birches.
Efterhånden voksede også mos frem, der omdannede nogle af vandhullerne til tørvemoser, og senere kom ene og pil.
Gradually, mosses also appeared, which transformed some of the water holes into peat bogs, and later came the juniper and the willow.
Det gav føde til rensdyr, der trak de første mennesker med sig som nomader.
These fed reindeer which attracted the first nomadic people.
Klimaet blev varmere, og dunbirk, skovfyr og hassel gjorde Gribskov så høj og tæt, at der kom flere og flere dyrearter til.
The climate became warmer, and white birch, Scotch pine and hazel made Gribskov so tall and dense that more and more animal species made it their home.
Jæger-samlerfolket boede ved de brakvandede strandenge, hvor de fangede fisk med spyd og ruser.
The hunter-gatherers lived along the brackish coastal meadows where they caught fish with spears and fish traps.
De fik kød og skind ved at jage pattedyr som urokse, kronhjort, rådyr, vildsvin, bæver, ulv, bjørn, grævling, odder, vildkat og los.
They got meat and skins by hunting mammals such as aurochs, red deer, roe deer, wild boars, beavers, wolves, bears, badgers, otters, feral cats and lynx.
De første mennesker
The first people
Mor Gribs Hule, nogle gange også kaldet Mutter Gribs Hule, er en ca. 5.000 år gammel gravplads fra bondestenalderen (tragtbægerkulturen), og den er Gribskovs bedst bevarede jættestue og flotteste oldsminde.
Mor Gribs Hule, sometimes also called Mutter Gribs Hule, is an approximately 5,000-year-old burial site from the Neolithic period (the funnel beaker culture) and it is Gribskov's best preserved megalithic tomb and finest ancient monument.
Den ligger ligeoverfor P-pladsen på Helsingevej og lidt nord for Gadevang.
It is located just opposite the car park at Helsingevej and a little north of Gadevang.
Hun er en sagnfigur, der ifølge folketroen boede i jættestuen med sine seks sønner.
She is a legendary figure who, according to folklore, lived in the megalithic tomb with her six sons.
Hun lokkede folk, hun mødte i skoven, på vildspor og tilkaldte med en fløjte sønnerne, der udplyndrede den vildfarne.
She lured astray people whom she met in the woods and, with a whistle, summoned her sons who plundered the victim.
Ikke så langt fra Mor Gribs Hule, på en bakke i 41 meters højde vest for Helsingevej på vej ud af skoven ved Kagerup, ligger resterne af et andet stort oldtidsgrav.
Not far from Mor Gribs Hule, on a hill some 41 metres tall west of Helsingevej on the way out of the forest at Kagerup, lies the remains of another great ancient grave.
Det er et megalitanlæg, det vil sige et gravmonument af store sten, og det er en ringvold med en diameter på 25 meter.
It is a megalithic structure, that is a monumental grave made from large rocks and it has a circular wall of a 25-metre diameter.
Man måtte ikke tale, mens man gravede.
You were not permitted to talk while digging.
Ved P-pladsen ved Hjorteljung på Gillelejevejen ved Ostrup ligger en typisk bronzealderhøj, Attehøj, også kendt som Hjorteljung.
At the car park at Hjorteljung on Gillelejevejen near Ostrup is a typical Bronze Age mound, Attehøj, which is also known as Hjorteljung.
Den er fredet og har aldrig været åbnet, så man ved ikke med sikkerhed, hvor gammel den er, men netop i dette område med frodig landsbrugsjord tæt på Esrum Sø findes der mange højtliggende kuplede gravhøje, som er typiske for bronzealderen, og derfor regnes den som en bronzealderhøj.
It is scheduled as a monument and has never been opened, so its age is uncertain; however, in this area of ​​lush farmland near Esrum Sø there are especially many domed mounds situated on high ground, a feature typical of the Bronze Age and, therefore, it is considered to be a Bronze Age burial mound.
I den slags høje ligger de, der har boet i det pågældende samfund.
In those types of mounds, the people who lived in the local community are buried.
De er svøbt i tæpper, lagt i udhulede egestammer og har smykker, våben og mad med til rejsen.
They are wrapped in blankets, laid in hollowed-out oak trunks and have been given jewellery, weapons and food for the journey.
Fortidsminder fra stenalderen
Stone Age Monuments
Der er mange fortidsminder fra stenalderen, hvor fortidens mennesker brugte sten, der vejede op mod 20 tons til gravsætningerne.
You may find many ancient monuments from the Stone Age, where ancient people used stones weighing up to 20 tonnes for building tombs.
Lige inden for skovgærdet nord for Gadevang By en langhøj med stenkiste, og i skoven lige nordøst for Kagerup er der en mindre, ødelagt stengrav, en dysse og en noget medtaget jættestue med en meget gammel skovbild på.
Just inside the fence around the woods north of Gadevang By, there is an elongated burial mound with a stone cist and, in the forest just north of Kagerup, there is a smaller, broken stone cist, a dolmen and a somewhat careworn megalithic tomb with a very old crab tree growing on it.
I nærheden af Mårum Station er der to stendysser i Tinghus Plantage og en i Kistrup Kobbel.
Near Mårum Station, there are two dolmens in Tinghus Plantage and one in Kistrup Kobbel.
I Sibberup Vang er der en stenring nær Gribskovs nordgærde.
In Sibberup Vang, there is a stone circle near the northern Gribskov fence.
Vest og sydvest for Smørstenen, den store vandreblok en kilometer nordvest for Skovskolen i Nødebo, er der to stendysser, og i Stenholt Vang i den sydligste del af Gribskov er der en stor en langdysse.
West and southwest of Smørstenen, the large erratic boulder a kilometre northwest of the Forest and Landscape College in Nødebo, there are two dolmens and, in Stenholt Vang in the southernmost part of Gribskov, there is a large long dolmen.
Fortidsminder fra bronzealderen
Bronze Age Monuments
Langt de fleste bronzealderhøje i Gribskov ligger i den nordøstlige del med udsigt over Esrum Sø, som f.eks. syd for Kalvehavevej i Gravervang.
The majority of Bronze Age burial mounds in Gribskov are located in the north-eastern part where there are views of Esrum Sø, such as south of Kalvehavevej in Gravervang.
Bronzealdergravhøje ligger ofte højt i landskabet med udsigt viden om.
The Bronze Age burial mounds are often found on elevated areas of the landscape with far-reaching views.
Det mest spektakulære jernalderfund gjort i Gribskov skal ses på Nationalmuseet.
The most spectacular Iron Age finding in Gribskov is on display in the National Museum of Denmark.
Det er en guldskat fra den sidste del af jernalderen, der blev hentet op af jorden vest for Stenholthus i Stenholt Vang i 1836.
It is a gold treasure from the latter part of the Iron Age which was found in the soil west of Stenholthus in Stenholt Vang in 1836.
Her gik tre mænd og gravede plantehuller, da de i indtil 60 centimeters dybde fandt 12 runde hængesmykker af guld, såkaldte brakteater, der på den ene side er præget med billeder af en hest og rytter, sandsynligvis Odin, fire guldblikperler og tre spiralguldringe.
Three men were digging holes for planting when, at a depth of approximately 60 centimetres, they found 12 round gold pendants, known as bracteates, on the one side of which pictures of a horse and rider were stamped, probably Odin, four gold beads and three golden spiral rings.
Finderne fik foruden en flot findeløn lov til at beholde guldringene, for dem havde man i forvejen så mange af.
In addition to receiving handsome rewards, the finders were permitted to keep the golden rings because so many of these had already been found.
Syd for Strødam på Sophienborgs jorder blev der i 1886 i en mose fundet resterne af en kedel fra førromersk jernalder.
In 1886, south of Strødam on the lands of Sophienborg, the remains of a cauldron from the pre-Roman Iron Age was found in a bog.
På ydersiden er der tyrefigurer og menneskeansigter.
On the outside, it was decorated with bulls and human faces.
Kedler blev brugt som urner og til ofringer.
Cauldrons were used as urns and for sacrifices.
I Gribskov finder vi masser af spor af vore forfædre, fra jættestuer til forsvundne landsbyer, der vidner om skovens farverige historie.
In Gribskov, we find lots of traces of our ancestors, from megalithic tombs to lost villages which testify to the colourful history of the forest.
Klostrets og kongens magt
The power of the abbey and the King
Gribskov er præget af, at først Esrum Kloster, efter reformationen kronen og - siden 1848 - staten har ejet og drevet størstedelen af landskabet.
Gribskov is characterized by the fact that first Esrum Abbey and, after the Reformation, the crown and - since 1848 - the State have owned and managed most of the land.
Endda med vekslende formål.
Albeit with varying purposes.
Der er blevet ryddet skov, bygget stendiger, anlagt jagtveje, dæmmet op og gravet kanaler og grøfter for at udtørre moser.
Forests have been cleared, stone walls have been built, roads for hunting have been constructed, dam have been built and canals and ditches have been dug to dry out the bogs.
Og i de sidste mange år har man arbejdet på at genskabe den oprindelige natur.
And, for the last many years, efforts have been made to restore the original nature.
Allerede i i vikingetiden og den tidlige middelalder var store dele af Nordsjælland krongods eller kongelev, og i 1151 oprettede cistercienserordenen Esrum Kloster i den nordlige del af Gribskov på et stykke land, som ærkebiskoppen af Lund havde fået af kongen.
Even during the Viking Age and the early Middle Ages, large parts of North Zealand were crown lands or royal property and, in 1151, the Cistercian order founded Esrum Abbey in the northern part of Gribskov on a plot of land which the Archbishop of Lund was given by the King.
Vest for Gribskov - og et stykke ind i den - havde augustinermunkene på Æbelholt Kloster jord.
The lands of Augustine monks on Æbelholt Abbey was located west of Gribskov - and reached into the forest.
I de følgende fire århundreder voksede Esrum Klosters jordbesiddelser.
During the next four-hundred years, the lands of Esrum Abbey increased.
Adel og godsejere forærede klostret gårde og hele landsbyer, f.eks. Nødebo, og klosterbrødrene var forpligtet til at drive landbrug, ofte som stordrift fra en enkelt gård, mens de andre blev nedlagt.
Nobility and landowners conveyed farms and entire villages, for example Nødebo, to the abbey, and the friars were obliged to undertake farming, often as large-scale farming from a single farm, while other farms were decommissioned.
Fra omkring år 1300 blev bønderne i stedet fæstere, der skulle betale landgilde i naturalier og udføre hoveriarbejde på klostret, især i så- og høsttiden.
From around 1300 AD, the peasants became copyholders instead and had to pay manorial duties in kind and perform villeinage for the monastery, especially during the seasons of sowing and harvesting.
Der blev fældet enorme mængder tømmer i skoven for at opføre og udbygge Esrum Kloster, der også havde et stort behov for brændsel.
Huge amounts of timber were cut in the woods to build and expand Esrum Abbey, which also had a great need for firewood.
Men klostret brugte også skoven til husdyrgræsning, høslet og korndyrkning i afgrænsede vange.
However, the abbey also used the forest for grazing, hay harvesting and the cultivation of grain in fenced-off fields.
Efter reformationen i 1536 overgik klostrenes jordbesiddelser til kronen.
After the Reformation in 1536, the lands of the monasteries were surrendered to the crown.
For Esrum Klosters vedkommende skete det reelt først i 1559, samme år som Frd. 2. blev konge.
As far as Esrum Abbey was concerned, it only happened in 1559, the year of the coronation of Frederik the 2nd.
Han opførte i øvrigt også Kronborg af sten fra det nedrevne Esrum Kloster.
He also built Kronborg from reused stones from the torn-down Esrum Abbey.
De store arealer skulle holde hoffet forsynet med fødevarer, brændsel og tømmer, med heste ved stutteridrift og ikke mindst sikre kongen jagtmuligheder i de såkaldte vildtbaner og store indhegnede dyrehaver.
The large plots of land were to keep the court in food, firewood and timber, in horses through stud farming and, not least, secure hunting grounds for the King in the so-called game preserves and large, fenced deer parks.
Chr. 4. var endnu mere begejstret for Nordsjælland end sin far.
Christian the 4th was even more enthused with North Zealand than his father.
Han rev faderens Frederiksborg Slot ned og byggede det op igen som Nordens største renæssanceanlæg og udbyggede stutteridriften.
He demolished his father's Frederiksborg Castle and rebuilt it as the largest Nordic renaissance construction and expanded the stud farming.
For ham og hans efterfølgere var Gribskov både det rekreative område, hvor de gik på jagt, og en indtægtskilde, og i midten af 1700-tallet skiftede formålet med driften af kongens arealer igen.
For him and his successors, Gribskov was both the recreational area where they hunted as well as a source of income and, in the mid-1700s, the purpose of the management of the King's lands was changed again.
Nu blev det vigtigt at forsyne landet med træ, og den skarpe opdeling mellem landbrug og skov, som præger landskabet i dag, blev dengang indført for at kunne effektivisere træproduktionen.
Now, supplying the country with timber became important and the clear division between agriculture and forestry, which characterizes the landscape today, was introduced in order to make timber production more efficient.
Det fortsatte, da krongodset i 1849, året efter grundloven blev underskrevet, overgik til staten.
This continued when, in 1849, the crown lands were surrendered to the state the year after the signing of the constitution.
I dag prioriteres også mulighederne for naturoplevelser og aktiviteter i skoven.
Today, the possibility of nature experiences and activities in the forest are also a priority.
Kongen jagede så meget, at vildtbestanden begyndte at gå tilbage.
The King hunted so much that the game population began to decrease.
Han lod også vildtet frede, først helt i tre år, derefter hvert år i marts-juli.
He also preserved the game, in the first instance entirely for a period of three years and subsequently every year during March-July.
Den tog han med hjem til Danmark.
He brought this form of hunting to Denmark.
Parforcejagt består i, at én bestemt kronhjort bliver forfulgt af jægere til hest, med gøende hunde og gjaldende jagthorn, indtil den er så udmattet, at jagtlederen eller æresgæsten kan give den nådesstødet med et kort jagtsværd, en hirschfænger.
Par force hunting means that a specific red deer is pursued by hunters on horseback accompanied by barking dogs and blaring bugles, until the deer is so exhausted that the hunter or honorary guest can give it the coup de grace with a short hunting sword, known as a “hirschfænger”.
I 1685 begyndte kongen at kopiere det system af jagtveje, han kendte fra Frankrig: Der blev ryddet snorlige veje, der mødtes i et stort kryds.
In 1685, the King began to copy the system of hunting roads he had come to know in France: straight roads were constructed which met in a large crossroad.
De første parforcejagtveje blev anlagt i Hareskovene, Store Dyrehave og Jægersborg Dyrehave.
The first par force hunting roads were constructed in Hareskovene, Store Dyrehave and Jægersborg Dyrehave.
I 1691 kom turen til Gribskov, hvor det centrerede sig om Ottevejskrydset midt i skoven, hvor otte jagtveje mødes.
In 1691, it was Gribskov's turn and the centre-point was Ottevejskrydset in the middle of the forest, where eight hunting roads meet.
Der blev anlagt 96,5 km jagtveje med tilhørende broer og dæmninger alene i Gribskov og Store Dyrehave, men samme år, som det var færdigt, døde Chr. 5. af de skader, han havde fået, da en kronhjort sparkede ham under en parforcejagt i Jægersborg Dyrehave sommeren før.
96.5 km of hunting roads with accompanying bridges and dams were constructed in Gribskov and Store Dyrehave alone but, the year the work was completed, Christian the 5th died of injuries sustained when being kicked by a red deer during a par force hunt in Jægersborg Dyrehave the previous summer.
Jagtformen blev nedlagt i 1777, men jagtstierne kan stadig ses, og i dag udpeget til UNESCO Verdenskulturarv.
This form of hunting was abolished in 1777; however, the hunting paths are still there and have, today, been designated UNESCO World Heritage.
I renæssancen var rideheste - næst efter sild - Danmarks største eksportvare, og på Esrum Kloster var der hesteopdræt.
During the Renaissance, riding horses - second only to herring - were Denmark's largest export product and Esrum Abbey was a stud farm.
Da kronen overtog klosterbesiddelserne efter reformationen samlede kongen den kongelige hesteavl omkring Frederiksborg og Esrum.
When the crown took possession of the monasteries after the Reformation, the King centralised the royal stud farming around Frederiksborg and Esrum.
Chr. 4. (1588-1648) satte for alvor gang i avlen.
Christian the 4th (1588-1648) really accelerated the breeding.
Han opkøbte selv avlsheste i udlandet og modtog andre som gaver, f.eks. fik han to smukke spanske hingste i kroningsgave af den hollandske hertug Albrecht.
He bought stud horses abroad himself and received others as gifts; for example, at his coronation, he was given two beautiful Spanish stallions by the Dutch Duke Albrecht.
De bestod af en hingst og 12-18 hopper, inddelt efter farver - de hvide var de kostbareste.
These consisted of a stallion and 12-18 mares, divided by colour - the white ones were the most precious.
Hegnene skulle forhindre, at farverne blev blandet.
The fences were to prevent the colours from being mixed.
Vangene blev som regel opkaldt efter hingsten, f.eks. Fændrik Vang med skimlede heste, Tumler eller Tumlinge Vang med brune.
The fields were usually named after the stallion, for example, Fændrik Vang (“Standard Bearer Field”) with dappled horses, Tumler or Tumlinge Vang (“Toddler Field”) with brown horses.
Den nuværende Pibervang blev genskabt i 1987, og selv om det ikke er frederiksborgheste, der græsser der i dag, ser det ud som for 400 år siden.
The present Pibervang was restored in 1987 and, although the horses grazing there today are not Frederiksborgheste, the landscape looks like it did 400 years ago.
Da stutteriet var på det højeste i slutningen af 1700-tallet, var der 771 heste og et ukendt antal føl.
When the stud farming was at its apex in the late 1700s, it comprised 771 horses and an unknown number of foals.
Statuen af Frd. 5. til hest på Amalienborg Slotsplads viser idealet af frederiksborghesten.
The statue of the mounted Frederik the 5th in the palace square of Amalienborg Castle shows the ideal of the Frederiksborg horse.
Den franske billedhugger Saly, der var 18 år om at skabe værket, brugte træk fra 12 forskellige heste.
The French sculptor Saly, who took 18 years to create the work, used features from 12 different horses.
Statuen blev opstillet i 1771 og endte med at blive dyrere end selve palæerne.
The statue was erected in 1771 cost more than the actual mansions.
På samme tid halverede Struense stutteriet, der i forvejen var i tilbagegang på grund af indavl, misvækst og sygdom.
At the same time, Struense (physician-in-ordinary to the King) halved the stud farming which was already in decline due to inbreeding, inherited weaknesses and disease.