natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Betænkningens artikel 10 indeholdt regler for lån til nybygninger, og i artikel 25 var der et særligt krav om, at entreprenører skulle fremlægge en garanti fra et finansieringsinstitut eller en kommune.
Rules regarding loans for new buildings were laid down in Article 10 of the Regulation and Article 25 imposed a special requirement on contractors under which they were required to submit a guarantee from a financial institution or a municipality.
Arbejdernes boligfond
Workers’ Housing Fund
Arbejdernes boligfond havde ansvaret for lån til almene boliger med det formål at imødekomme boligbehovene hos særligt trængende, jf. lovens artikel 47.
The role of the Workers’ Housing Fund was to take care of the provision of loans for social housing with the aim of solving the housing needs of those who require special assistance thereto (cf. Article 47 of the Act).
Artikel 48 drejede sig om finansieringen af arbejdernes boligfond, nemlig:
Article 48 concerned the financing of the Workers’ Housing Fund, which was achieved as follows:
ved afkast af fondens egenkapital, dvs. afdrag, renter og prisindekserede betalinger på bevilgede lån
by returns on the Fund’s own capital, i.e. instalments, interest and price indexation payments on granted loans;
gennem ad hoc-tilskud fra statskassen som hjemlet i budgetloven;
by annual State Treasury contributions as provided for in the Budget Act from time to time;
ved lån fra kommuner til statens boligstyrelse, jf. artikel 42
by loans from municipalities to the State Housing Agency (cf. Article 42);
ved salget af obligationer til pensionsfonde i overensstemmelse med aftaler indgået mellem statens boligstyrelse og pensionsfonde
by the sale of bonds to pension funds in accordance with agreements made between the State Housing Agency and pension funds;
ved særlige ad hoc-lån i henhold til investerings- og kreditplanen, såfremt de disponible midler, jf. afsnit a til d, ikke er tilstrækkelige til at dække den planlagte udvikling.«
by special borrowings, decided in the investment and credit plans from time to time, when disposable funds pursuant to sub-paragraphs a to d are not sufficient for planned developments.’
Lånekategorierne i arbejdernes boligfond var indeholdt i lovens artikel 50 og var følgende:
The loan categories of the Workers’ Housing Fund were listed in Article 50 of the Act and were the following:
Lån til almene lejeboliger med købsret (på 90 % af anskaffelsesprisen).
Loans for lease-purchase social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Lån til privatejede almene boliger (på 90 % af anskaffelsesprisen).
Loans for privately owned social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Lån til almene lejeboliger (på 90 % af anskaffelsesprisen).
Loans for rented social housing (for 90 % of the purchase price).
Lån til generelle lejeboliger med købsret (på 70 % og 20 % af anskaffelsesprisen).
Loans for general lease-purchase housing (for 70 % and 20 % of the purchase price).
Lån til almene boliger blev bevilget af statens boligstyrelse fra arbejdernes boligfond, jf. lovens artikel 52.
Loans for social housing were granted by the State Housing Board from the Workers’ Housing Fund (cf. Article 52 of the Act).
Lånet kunne være på op til 90 % af byggeomkostningerne eller anskaffelsesprisen, dog højest 90 % af det af statens boligstyrelse godkendte omkostningsgrundlag, minus et særligt tilskud på 3,5 % fra kommunerne for hver almene bolig, jf. lovens artikel 42, stk. 2 [11].
The loan could be up to 90 % of the construction cost or purchase price, however, not exceeding 90 % of the costs basis approved by the State Housing Board, less a 3,5 % special contribution of the municipalities for each social assistance apartment (cf. paragraph 2 of Article 42 of the Act) [11].
Med hensyn til retten til støtte hed det i lovens artikel 64, at retten til lån til privatejede almene boliger var begrænset til personer, der opfyldte følgende betingelser:
With regard to entitlement to social assistance, Article 64 of the Act stated that the right to loans for private owned social housing was limited to those who fulfilled the following conditions:
Ikke allerede ejer en bolig eller et sammenligneligt aktiv i en anden form.
Do not already own an apartment or a comparable asset in another form.
Ikke har haft en gennemsnitlig indkomst i de seneste tre år, før tildelingen finder sted, der overstiger[…].
Have had an average income over the past three years before allocation takes place of an amount not exceeding […].
Disse indkomstgrænser fastlægges af statens boligstyrelse i begyndelsen af hvert år[…].
These income limits shall be determined by the State Housing Board at the beginning of each year […].
Udviser betalingsevne, der vurderes af boligudvalget i en kommune[…].«
Demonstrate payment ability which is assessed by the housing committee of a municipality […].’
I henhold til artikel 65 skulle ansøgere af lejeboliger opfylde betingelserne i afsnit a) og b).
Article 65 provided that those applying for rental apartments had to fulfil the conditions in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b).
Ejeren af en almen bolig, der påtænkte at sælge denne, skulle underrette boligudvalget eller en anden bygherre herom, jf. lovens artikel 85.
The owner of a social assistance apartment who intended to sell this apartment was to notify the housing committee or other developer of such intentions (cf. Article 85 of the Act).
Bygherren skulle købe og videresælge boligen i overensstemmelse med loven og eventuelle bekendtgørelser.
The developer was to purchase the apartment and resell it in accordance with the Act and regulations set pursuant to the Act.
En sælger skulle ved salg af en bolig have refunderet sit indskud fra købet af boligen, samt de afdrag han havde betalt på lånet fra arbejdernes boligfond fra tidspunktet for indgåelsen af købsaftalen.
On the purchase of an apartment, its seller should be refunded the contribution he provided on the purchase of the apartment and the instalments he had paid on the loan from the Workers’ Housing Fund from the time the purchase agreement was entered into.
Ifølge artikel 86 var det kommunernes opgave at beregne salgsprisen på almene boliger.
Article 86 entrusted the municipalities with the task of calculating the sales price of social housing.
Boliglov nr. 44/1998
The Housing Act No 44/1998
Indledning — vigtigste ændringer
Introduction — main changes
Samtidig blev ovennævnte lov nr. 97/1993 om statens boligstyrelse ophævet.
At the same time the abovementioned Act No 97/1993 on the State Housing Agency was repealed.
Formålet med boligloven er i henhold til artikel 1 at sikre Islands befolknings tryghed og lige rettigheder på boligområdet gennem ydelse af lån og ved at skabe ordnede forhold omkring boligen, og ved at tilvejebringe midler, der konkret forbedrer borgernes muligheder for at købe eller leje en bolig på lempelige vilkår.
According to Article 1 of the Housing Act, the purpose of the Act is to promote security and equal rights as regards housing to Icelanders, through the granting of loans and through organisation of matters relating to housing, and that funds are provided for the specific purpose of increasing people’s chances of acquiring or renting housing on manageable terms.
Med andre ord svarer lovens formål fuldstændig til formålet i ovennævnte artikel 1 i den tidligere lov nr. 97/1993.
In other words, the purpose of the Act corresponds fully to that laid down in the abovementioned Article 1 of the former Act No 97/1993.
I lovforslaget, der efterfølgende blev ophøjet til boligloven, blev de væsentligste ændringer beskrevet således:
In the bill, which subsequently became the Housing Act, the main amendments were described in the following terms:
»De vigtigste ændringer i lovforslaget drejer sig om det almene boligsystem.
‘The main changes contained in the bill concern the social housing system.
Vigtigst er forslaget om, at opførelse og køb af privatejede almene boliger stoppes og i stedet erstattes af en ny låneordning for almene boliger.
The principal change being proposed is that the building and purchase of privately owned social apartments will be stopped and instead a new social lending system will be established.
De eksisterende bestemmelser om opførelse af lejeboliger vil fortsætte, men det foreslås, at artiklerne om leje med købsret udgår.
The current provisions on the building of rental apartments will remain in place but it is proposed that the Articles on lease-purchase be abolished.
Ud over ovennævnte vil der blive fremlagt et særskilt lovforslag om byggeforeninger og andelsboliger.
In addition to the abovementioned, an independent bill will concern building and housing cooperatives.
De øvrige væsentlige ændringer i lovforslaget kan sammenfattes til tre kategorier.
In other respects, the main changes in the bill may be simplified into three issues.
For det første social bistand.
First, they concern social assistance.
For det andet kommunernes deltagelse i en sådan bistand, og for det tredje ændringer vedrørende den organisatoriske opbygning i boligsektoren.«
Second, the participation of municipalities in such assistance and third changes concerning the organisational set-up of housing affairs.’
Socialministeren fremlagde lovforslaget for Alltinget og gav følgende redegørelse for de væsentligste lovgivningsmæssige ændringer:
When the Minister of Social Affairs submitted the bill to Parliament, he explained the main legislative changes foreseen under the new bill in the following manner:
»De vigtigste forhold er som følger:
‘The main items are as follows:
Statens boligstyrelse vil blive afskaffet.
The State Housing Agency will be abolished.
Statens byggefond og arbejdernes byggefond slås sammen med boligfinansieringsfonden, lige som også statens boliginstituts aktiver kommer til at indgå i fonden.
The State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund will be merged into the Housing Financing Fund and the assets of the State Housing Agency will also become part of the Fund.
Ordningen med boligobligationer forbliver uændret, for så vidt angår handel med fast ejendom på det almindelige marked.
The housing bond system will remain unchanged as regards real estate transactions on the general market.
Boligfinansieringsfonden skal på længere sigt være selvfinansierende.
The Housing Financing Fund shall in the fullness of time become self-sustainable.
Et punkt, der skal bemærkes i den henseende, er, at ældre lån optaget af fonden, vil blive omstruktureret.
One item in that regard is that it is presupposed that older loans taken by the Fund will be restructured.
Med omstruktureringen vil det være muligt at opnå en betydeligt bedre rente end den, byggefondene opnår i dag.
With the restructuring it will be possible to achieve substantially better rates than the Building Funds enjoy today.
Denne fond vil være meget velkonsolideret.
This Fund will be very strong.
Den vil have en kapital på 26 mia. ISK og vil have adgang til de bedste udlånsrenter.«
It will have a capital of 26 billion ISK and will have access to the best lending rates.’
Boligfinansieringsfonden er en uafhængig statsejet institution, der er underlagt en særskilt bestyrelse under socialministerens ansvar, jf. boliglovens artikel 4.
The Housing Financing Fund is an independent State-owned institution subject to a separate board of directors within the administrative purview of the Minister of Social Affairs (cf. Article 4 of the Housing Act).
Fonden erstattede den tidligere statens boligstyrelse.
The Fund replaced the previous State Housing Agency.
Ifølge artikel 7 udpeger ministeren de fem medlemmer af fondens bestyrelse for en fireårig periode.
According to Article 7, the Minister shall appoint the five-member board of directors of the Fund for a four-year term.
Ifølge artikel 8 ansætter bestyrelsen en administrerende direktør, der er ansvarlig for fondens daglige drift, ansættelse af personale, osv.
Article 8 provides that the board hires a managing director, who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Fund, hiring of staff, etc.
Som anført ovenfor nedlagdes med boligloven både statens byggefond og arbejdernes boligfond.
As outlined above, the Housing Act abolished both the State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund.
Fondene skulle lægges sammen og nedlægges fra lovens ikrafttræden.
The funds were to be merged and abolished as of the entry into force of the Act.
Fra samme dato overtog boligfinansieringsfonden begge fondes funktioner, rettigheder, aktiver, forpligtelser og ansvar, jf. lovens artikel 53.
From the same date, the Housing Financing Fund took over the functions, rights, assets, liabilities and obligations of both funds (cf. Article 53 of the Act).
Deres lovfæstede rettigheder og privilegier fandt anvendelse på boligfinansieringsfonden.
The rights and privileges afforded to them by law applied to the Housing Financing Fund.
Tilsvarende overtog boligfinansieringsfonden alle rettigheder og forpligtelser vedrørende de gældsbeviser, som statens byggefond og arbejdernes boligfond ejede, og skulle indtræde i deres sted i tilfælde af sager, anlagt mod dem eller på deres vegne.
The Housing Financing Fund similarly took over all rights and duties related to debt certificates owned by the State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund and was to take their place in any litigation against them or conducted on their behalf.
De opgaver, som boligfinansieringsfonden har fået tildelt ved lov, er anført i boliglovens artikel 9 og omfatter:
The tasks entrusted to the Housing Financing Fund by law are listed in Article 9 of the Housing Act and include:
Udlån og administration af handel med boligobligationer i overensstemmelse med denne lovs bestemmelser.
Lending and administration of housing bonds transactions in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Udlån til kommuner, selskaber og sammenslutninger til opførelse eller køb af boliger.
Lending to municipalities, companies and associations for construction or purchase of residential housing.
Som det var tilfældet for statens byggefond og arbejdernes boligfond i henhold til den tidligere lov nr. 97/1993, finansieres også boligfinansieringsfonden ved 1) et afkast af dens egenkapital og 2) ved udstedelse og salg af obligationer, jf. boliglovens artikel 10.
As was the case for the State Building Fund and the Workers’ Housing Fund under the previous Act No 97/1993, also the Housing Financing Fund is financed by 1) a return on their own capital and 2) by the issuing and sale of bonds (cf. Article 10 of the Housing Act).
Derimod blev ordningen i lov nr. 97/1993 om finansiering ved hjælp af direkte tilskud fra statskassen ikke videreført i boligloven.
However, in contrast the system laid down in Act No 97/1993 with regard to financing via direct contributions from the Treasury was not continued in the Housing Act.
Ifølge boliglovens artikel 11 skal boligfinansieringsfonden beholde og tjene et afkast af de betroede midler.
According to Article 11 of the Housing Act, the Housing Financing Fund shall preserve and earn a return on the monies in its charge.
Efter indhentelse af socialministerens godkendelse kan fonden beslutte at overdrage deponeringen af alle eller dele af dens aktiver til andre.
Having obtained the approval of the Minister of Social Affairs, the Fund may decide to commit the safe-keeping of its assets to others, in part or in whole.
Det skal påses, at fonden til enhver tid ligger inde med tilstrækkelige likvide midler til at indfri sine forpligtelser.
Care shall be taken that the Fund possesses, at all times, adequate liquid funds to honour its obligations.
Lånekategorier
Loan categories
De tre lånetyper
The three types of loans
Boliglovens artikel 15 fastlagde de tre kategorier af lån, som boligfinansieringsfonden ydede [14].
Article 15 of the Housing Act laid down the three categories of loans extended by the Housing Financing Fund [14].
Disse kategorier var:
The categories were:
almindelige lån i henhold til lovens kapitel VI til opførelse og køb af boliger;
general loans under Chapter VI of the Act for the construction and purchase of residential housing,
tillægslån til enkeltpersoner i henhold til lovens kapitel VII til opførelse og køb af boliger;
additional loans to individuals under Chapter VII of the Act for construction and purchase of residential housing,
lån til lejeboliger til kommuner, sammenslutninger og selskaber i henhold til lovens kapitel VIII til opførelse eller køb af lejeboliger.
loans for rental housing to municipalities, associations and companies under Chapter VIII of the Act for construction or purchase of residential housing to be rented.
I henhold til artikel 16, stk. 1, havde fonden tilladelse til at oprette nye lånekategorier, med forbehold af socialministerens godkendelse.
According to paragraph 1 of Article 16, the Fund was permitted to create new categories of loans, subject to the approval of the Minister of Social Affairs.
Almindelige lån
General loans
Ordningen med almindelige boliglån i boligloven var en videreførelse af boligobligationsordningen fra 1989 og fandt også anvendelse i lov nr. 97/1993.
The Housing Act continued the system with general housing loans that had been introduced by the housing bonds system in 1989 and also applied under Act No 97/1993.
Den nye lov indførte ingen ændringer for denne lånekategori.
The new act did not introduce changes regarding this loan category.
Med det formål at administrere almindelige lån skulle boligfinansieringsfonden oprette en afdeling for boligobligationer i lighed med den, der tidligere blev drevet af statens boligstyrelse, hvis finanser skulle holdes adskilt fra andre aktiviteter i fonden, jf. boliglovens artikel 17 [15].
In order to administer general loans, the Housing Financing Fund was to operate a Housing Bonds Division, as previously operated by the State Housing Agency, whose finances were to be kept separate from other activities of the Fund’s operation (cf. Article 17 of the Housing Act) [15].
Afdelingen for boligobligationer skulle:
The Housing Bond Division was to:
udstede kategorier af omsættelige boligobligationer på boligfinansieringsfondens vegne, på de vilkår og betingelser, der er fastlagt i denne lov, eller ved bekendtgørelse.
issue categories of marketable housing bonds in the name of the Housing Financing Fund subject to the terms and conditions laid down in this Act, or by regulation;
ombytte gældsinstrumenter sikret ved pant i fast ejendom og boligobligationer.
exchange debt instruments secured by mortgage and housing bonds;
fremme boligobligationernes salgbarhed på markedet.
promote the saleability of housing bonds in the market.
En pantesikret obligation skulle indeksreguleres og have samme lånevilkår som de boligobligationer, som den pantesikrede obligation ombyttes med, ud over en rentemarginal, jf. lovens artikel 19.
A mortgage bond was to be index linked and have the same lending terms as the housing bonds, exchanged for the mortgage bond, in addition to interest margin (cf. Article 19 of the Act).
Denne marginal kunne fastsættes, så den dækkede boligobligationsafdelingens driftsudgifter og anslåede tab på udestående lån, jf. lovens artikel 28.
This margin could be set so that it covered the Housing Bonds Division’s operating expenses and estimated losses from outstanding loans (cf. Article 28 of the Act).
Socialministeren skulle fastsætte størrelsen af rentemarginalen efter forslag boligfinansieringsfondens bestyrelse.
The Minister of Social Affairs was to determine the level of the interest margin after having obtained a proposal from the Board of the Housing Financing Fund.
Pantesikrede gældsinstrumenter og boligobligationer kunne ombyttes for et beløb på ikke over 70 % af ejendomsvurderingen, såfremt ejeren opførte eller købte sin første bolig, men 65 % af værdien i alle andre tilfælde, jf. lovens artikel 19; med andre ord en reduktion fra det tidligere loft på 75 % af vurderingen som fastlagt i artikel 27 i den tidligere lov nr. 97/1993.
Mortgage instruments and housing bonds could be exchanged for an amount not exceeding 70 % of the appraised value of property, if the owner was building or buying his first residential housing, but 65 % of the value in all other instances (cf. Article 19 of the Act); in other words a reduction from the former ceiling of 75 % of the assessed price laid down in the abovementioned Article 27 of the previous Act No 97/1993.
Socialministeren kunne ved betænkning bestemme det antal pantesikrede gældsinstrumenter, som afdelingen for boligobligationer højest kunne købe for hver ejendom.
The Minister of Social Affairs was permitted to decide in a Regulation the maximum number of mortgage instruments bought by the Housing Bond Division for each property.
I henhold til lovens artikel 21 skulle den maksimale låneperiode for pantesikrede gældsinstrumenter købt af afdelingen for boligobligationer være 40 år.
According to Article 21 of the Act, the maximum loan period of mortgage instruments bought by the Housing Bond Division was to be 40 years.
Yderligere regler vedrørende boligobligationer blev fastlagt i forordning nr. 7/1999 om afdelingen for boligobligationer og handel med boligobligationer (um húsbréfadeild og húsbréfaviðskipti).
Further rules regarding housing bonds were laid down in Regulation No 7/1999 on the Housing Bonds Division and housing bonds transactions (um húsbréfadeild og húsbréfaviðskipti).
Med hensyn til udlån til byggeentreprenører afspejlede reglerne i denne betænkning de regler, der var fastlagt i den tidligere betænkning 467/1991 af samme navn, og gældende i henhold til den tidligere lov [16].
As regards lending to building contractors the rules in that Regulation mirrored those laid down in the previous Regulation 467/1991 of the same name applicable under the former Act [16].
Som det ses af ovennævnte, var ordningen med ombytning med boligobligationer den samme efter boliglovens ikrafttræden.
As can be seen from the above, the housing bond swapping system remained the same after the entry into force of the Housing Act.
Boligobligationsafdelingen i boligfinansieringsfonden fik tildelt de samme funktioner, som den samme afdeling havde udført i statens boligstyrelse, jf. artikel 19 i lov nr. 97/1993 og artikel 17 i boligloven, begge citeret ovenfor.
The Housing Bond Division of the Housing Financing Fund was entrusted with the same functions as the same Division had carried out in the State Housing Agency (cf. Article 19 of the Act No 97/1993 and Article 17 of the Housing Act, both quoted above).
Det leverer også bemærkningerne til kapitel VI i lovforslaget, der senere udmøntede sig i boligloven, et tydeligt bevis på, idet det nemlig blev påpeget, at kapitlet indeholdt stort set enslydende bestemmelser som kapitel IV i lov nr. 97/1993 [17].
This is also borne out by the comments to chapter VI of the bill which became the Housing Act, that the chapter contained substantively corresponding provisions as chapter IV of the Act No 97/1993 [17].
Tillægslån
Additional loans
Med boligloven blev der tilføjet en ny lånekategori til ordningen, de såkaldte tillægslån, der blev ydet til personer med lavere indkomst.
With the Housing Act a new loan category, called additional loans, for people with lower income, was added to the housing system.
Disse lån kunne ydes ud over de almindelige lån og erstattede flere sociale lån, der var oprettet i medfør af lov nr. 97/1993, men blev efterfølgende ophævet [18].
Those loans could be granted on top of the general loans replacing several social loans granted under Act No 97/1993 but were subsequently repealed [18].
I henhold til artikel 30 kunne boligfinansieringsfonden, efter anmodning fra et kommunalt boligudvalg, yde tillægslån til personer, der havde ret til et almindeligt lån til køb af en bolig, og disse lån kunne dække 25 % af ejendomsvurderingen.
According to Article 30, following a request from a municipal housing committee, the Housing Financing Fund could grant individuals who had a right to a general loan for the purchase of an apartment additional loans which could cover 25 % of the estimated value of the apartment.