natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det er lagt til grund, at der findes et særskilt produktmarked for levering af småpakker, hvor 31,5 kg synes at være en passende grænse for at adskille småpakker fra gods.
The applicant also distinguishes the B2B parcel delivery services market from the freight market because of the differences in handling and prices.
Dette skyldes, at gods og småpakker sædvanligvis transporteres via forskellige infrastrukturer, som er indrettet forskelligt.
The parcel-sorting facilities of B2B service providers are subject to a weight limitation based on a single person being able to lift each parcel and also on each parcel lending itself to machine handling.
Ifølge en markedsundersøgelse foretaget af Kommissionen i en af dens seneste sager bekræftede respondenterne, at der ikke findes nogen entydig vægtgrænse i branchen, der bestemmer, hvilke enheder der accepteres som småpakker.
The applicant states that parcels weighing more than 35 kg are not handled in the same sorting facility as parcels weighing less and service providers appear to apply weight limitations in the region of 30 to 35 kg [24].
De fleste konkurrenter nævnte imidlertid vægtgrænser på mellem 25 og 35 kg [25].
This is consistent with the Commission's practice where a separate product market for small package delivery services was identified.
Endvidere udgør national og international standardlevering af B2B-pakker ifølge Posten Norge også to særskilte produktmarkeder.
It has been considered that there is a separate product market for small package delivery services for which 31.5 kg appeared an appropriate threshold to distinguish small packages from freight.
Internationale udgående pakker kræver normalt to leverandører og forskellige infrastrukturer [26].
This is because freight and small packages are usually transported via different infrastructures which are designed in a different way.
Dette stemmer igen overens med Kommissionens afgørelse, hvor der på markedet skelnes mellem national og international levering af småpakker [27].
According to a market investigation conducted by the Commission in one of its recent cases, the respondents confirmed that there is no uniform weight limit across the industry to determine which units are acceptable in a small package network.
Ansøgeren er af den opfattelse, at levering af nationale B2B-pakker og levering af internationale indgående pakker udgør en del af det samme marked.
However, most competitors mentioned weight limits ranging between 25 and 35 kg [25].
Kommissionen har tilsyneladende truffet en række afgørelser, hvor sådanne internationale indgående leveringer synes at have været omfattet af det nationale marked [28].
Moreover, in Norway Post's view, national and international standard B2B parcel delivery services also constitute two separate product markets.
Uanset om disse markeder behandles særskilt eller som en del af det samme marked, påvirker det ikke den endelige vurdering, så der foretages ingen yderligere sondring i denne beslutning, og der foretages derfor ikke nogen præcis afgrænsning af det relevante marked.
International outbound parcels normally require the involvement of two service providers and different infrastructures [26].
Henset til ovenstående bemærkninger konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at der med hensyn til denne beslutning findes et særskilt produktmarked for distribution af pakker med en vægt på under 35 kg mellem virksomheder i Norge.
This is again in line with the Commission's decisions, where the market has been distinguished between domestic and international small package delivery services [27].
Direkte eksponering for konkurrence
The applicant considers that the domestic B2B parcels delivery services and the international inbound parcels delivery services are part of the same market.
Posten Norges markedsandel af det nationale B2B-marked blev skønnet til 35 % efter værdi i 2013.
There appears to be a number of Commission decisions where such international inbound delivery appears to have been included in the national market [28].
Den skønnede kombinerede markedsandel for de tre største konkurrenter udgjorde 33 % — en andel, som havde været stigende hvert år siden 2011.
Whether these markets are considered separately or as part of the same market will not affect the final assessment so no further distinction will be made for the purpose of this Decision and the precise definition of the relevant market can thus be left open.
I denne henseende havde PostNord 13 %, Schenker havde 11 %, og UPS havde 9 % efter værdi i 2013 [29].
In view of the foregoing, the Authority concludes for the purpose of this Decision that there is a separate product market for the distribution of parcels weighing less than 35 kg between businesses in Norway.
Derudover er Posten Norges konkurrenter internationale operatører, som økonomisk er stærke nok til at ekspandere, og kunderne synes i vid udstrækning at anvende udbud til levering af tjenester, hvilket gør det relativt let at skifte til en ny leverandør.
Direct exposure to competition
Kontrakterne har en relativ kort løbetid, og kundernes loyalitet over for leverandørerne synes at være ringe [30].
Norway Post's market share on the B2B domestic market amounted to an estimated 35 % by value in 2013.
Selv om den norske konkurrencemyndighed anførte, at den ikke kunne verificere Posten Norges oplysninger om markedsandele på det foreliggende grundlag, konkluderede den, at Posten Norge synes at stå over for konkurrence fra store internationale konkurrenter og »i ikke ubetydelig grad er eksponeret for konkurrence på markedet for standard-[B2B]-pakker« [31].
The estimated combined market share of the three largest competitors amounted to 33 % which had been increasing every year since 2011.
På grundlag af ovenstående og navnlig i betragtning af konkurrenternes nuværende markedsposition og økonomiske styrke konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at markedet for standardlevering af B2B-pakker er direkte eksponeret for konkurrence.
In this respect, PostNord had 13 %, Schenker had 11 % and UPS had 9 % by value in 2013 [29].
Standardlevering af B2B-pakker — udgående international
In addition, Norway Post's competitors are international operators with the financial strength to expand and customers appear to use, to a large extent, tenders for the supply of services making it relatively easy to switch to a new service provider.
Ansøgeren er af den opfattelse, at det internationale marked for standardlevering af B2B-pakker bør defineres som distribution af pakker, der sendes fra virksomheder i Norge til virksomheder i udlandet, og at der bør skelnes mellem dette og det nationale marked for levering af B2B-pakker [32].
The contract duration is also generally short and customers appear to have a low degree of loyalty towards their suppliers [30].
Som anført i betragtning 16 ovenfor og i overensstemmelse med Kommissionens praksis [33] udgør national og international levering af pakker to særskilte produktmarkeder.
Although the Norwegian Competition Authority stated that it could not verify the market share data provided by Norway Post on the basis of the information in its possession, it concluded that Norway Post appeared to face competition from large international competitors and ‘is exposed to a not insignificant degree of competition in the market for standard [B2B] parcel services.’ [31].
Derudover mener ansøgeren som nævnt ovenfor, at segmentet for det internationale marked for indgående pakker bør være en del af det nationale indenlandske marked for B2B-pakker i overensstemmelse med en række af Kommissionens afgørelser [34].
On the basis of the above, and particularly taking into account the competitors' current market positions and financial strength, the Authority concludes that the standard national B2B parcel delivery market is directly exposed to competition.
International udgående levering omfatter indsamling, international transport og levering af pakker gennem et helt andet distributionsnet end nationale pakkeleveringstjenester.
The standard B2B parcel delivery market — international outbound
International udgående levering omfatter normalt to logistikudbydere, én i indsamlingslandet og en anden i destinationslandet.
The applicant argues that the B2B standard international parcel delivery market should be defined as the distribution of parcels sent from businesses in Norway to businesses abroad and should be distinguished from the national B2B parcel delivery market [32].
I indsamlingslandet indsamler en logistikudbyder pakker til transport til flere destinationslande.
As stated in paragraph (16) above and in line with Commission practice [33], national and international standard parcel delivery services constitute two separate product markets.
Den samme eller en anden logistikudbyder distribuerer derefter pakken til den endelige destination i destinationslandet.
In addition, as mentioned above, the applicant is of the opinion that the international inbound parcel services market segment should be part of the national domestic B2B parcel services market, in line with a number of Commission decisions [34].
Henset til ovenstående bemærkninger konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at der med hensyn til denne beslutning findes et særskilt produktmarked for distribution af pakker med en vægt på under 35 kg fra virksomheder i Norge til virksomheder i udlandet.
International outbound delivery involves the collection, international transport and delivery of parcels through an entirely different distribution network than domestic parcel delivery services.
På markedet for international udgående standardlevering af B2B-pakker havde Posten Norge i 2013 en markedsandel efter værdi på 9 %, mens de største konkurrenters andel var på henholdsvis 26 % (DHL), 24 % (UPS) og 11 % (TNT) [35].
International outbound delivery normally engages two logistics service providers, one in the collection country and another in the destination country.
De mange stærkere konkurrenter på markedet synes at udgøre et stort konkurrencemæssigt pres.
In the collection country, a logistics service provider collects parcels for transport to several destination countries.
På grundlag af ovenstående konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at markedet for international udgående standardlevering af B2B-pakker er direkte eksponeret for konkurrence.
The same or another logistics service provider then distributes the parcel to its final destination in the destination country.
Denne konklusion stemmer overens med den norske konkurrencemyndigheds vurdering [36].
In view of the foregoing, the Authority concludes for the purpose of this Decision that there is a separate product market for the distribution of parcels weighing less than 35 kg sent from businesses in Norway to businesses abroad.
Markedet for ekspreslevering af pakker på dag 1/om natten — national
On the market for international outbound B2B standard parcel services, Norway Post had a market share by value in 2013 of 9 % whereas the shares of its largest competitors were 26 % (DHL), 24 % (UPS) and 11 % (TNT) respectively [35].
Ifølge ansøgeren findes der et særskilt marked for distribution af pakker og varer til virksomheder i Norge med garanteret levering inden et bestemt tidspunkt næste formiddag.
The presence of several stronger competitors on the market appears to represent a considerable degree of competitive pressure.
Denne eksprestjeneste, som ansøgeren kalder »dag 1«- eller nattjenester, udgør et særskilt produktmarked i forhold til standardtjenesten for B2B med levering inden næste eftermiddag.
On the basis of the above, the Authority concludes that the international outbound B2B standard parcel services market is directly exposed to competition.
Eksprestjenesten med levering på dag 1/om natten er to til tre gange dyrere end standardtjenesten eller den forskudte tjeneste for B2B [37].
This conclusion is in line with the Norwegian Competition Authority's assessment [36].
Som nævnt ovenfor synes afgrænsningen af et særskilt produktmarked for ekspreslevering af pakker på grundlag af leveringshastigheden at stemme overens med Kommissionens afgørelser [38].
The express Day 1/in-night parcel delivery market — national
Sondringen er baseret på, at de to tjenester ydes ved hjælp af forskellige infrastrukturer og netværk, at eksprestjenester er hurtigere og mere pålidelige, og at eksprestjenesterne også er betydeligt dyrere.
According to the applicant, there is a separate market for the distribution of parcels and goods to businesses in Norway with a guaranteed delivery by the next morning before a set deadline.
Eksprestjenester leveres typisk fra dag til dag på et bestemt tidspunkt og omfatter en række af følgende ekstra tjenester: dokumentation for levering, sporing, mulighed for at ændre destination eller adresse under forsendelse, levering fra bord til bord, fleksibel betaling og fleksible priser, forsikring og pengene tilbage-garanti [39].
Such express services, referred to as Day 1 or in-night services by the applicant, constitute a separate product market from the standard B2B service with delivery deadline by the following afternoon.
Selv om leveringstiderne kan være meget forskellige for ekspresleveringstjenester (i modsætning til forskellene mellem ekspreslevering og forskudt levering af pakker), har Kommissionen for nyligt konkluderet, at sådanne forskellige tjenester ikke udgør særskilte produktmarkeder, men er segmenter på ekspresmarkedet generelt [40].
The express Day 1/in-night service is two to three times more expensive than the standard or deferred B2B service [37].
Henset til ovenstående bemærkninger konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at der med hensyn til denne beslutning findes et særskilt produktmarked for ekspreslevering af pakker og varer til virksomheder i Norge.
As mentioned above, the delineation of a separate product market for express deliveries of parcels, on the basis of the speed of delivery, appears to be in line with the Commission's decisional practice [38].
Posten Norges markedsandel af det nationale marked i 2013 skønnes til 28 % efter værdi, mens PostNords markedsandel udgjorde 33 %, Jetpaks 11 % og Schenkers 12 %.
The distinction is based on the fact that the two services are provided using different infrastructures and networks, that express services are faster and more reliable and that express delivery services are also considerably more expensive.
Posten Norges markedsandel er faldet siden 2011.
Express services are typically overnight, time-certain and include a number of the following value-added services: proof of delivery, track and trace, possibility of changing destination or address in transit, desk-to-desk delivery, flexible billing and pricing, insurance and money-back guarantee [39].
Flere internationale virksomheder er aktive på dette marked, og mange kunder arrangerer udbud, inden de indgår kontrakter med udbyderne [41].
Although there may be variations in delivery times as regards different express delivery services (as opposed to the differences between express and deferred parcel delivery services), the Commission has recently concluded that such different services do not constitute separate product markets but are segments within the broader express market [40].
I lyset af disse faktorer og i overensstemmelse med den norske konkurrencemyndigheds vurdering og konklusion [42] konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at markedet for national eksprespakkelevering er direkte eksponeret for konkurrence.
In view of the foregoing, the Authority concludes for the purpose of this Decision that there is a separate product market for express delivery of parcels and goods to businesses in Norway.
Markedet for eksprespakkelevering — international (herunder indgående og udgående)
Norway Post's market share in 2013 for the national express market amounted to an estimated 28 % by value whereas PostNord's market share amounted to 33 %, Jetpak 11 % and Schenker 12 %.
Relevant marked
Norway Post's market share has been declining since 2011.
Ansøgeren er af den opfattelse, at der findes et særskilt marked for eksprestransport af pakker og varer til og fra Norge [43].
Several international companies are active in this market and many customers organise tenders before entering into contracts with service providers [41].
Denne markedsafgrænsning synes igen at være i overensstemmelse med Kommissionens afgørelser [44].
Given these factors, and in line with the Norwegian Competition Authority's assessment and conclusion [42], the Authority concludes that the national express parcel delivery market is directly exposed to competition.
Kommissionen har rent faktisk fastslået, at international levering af pakker omfatter indsamling, international transport og levering af pakker gennem et helt andet distributionsnetværk [45].
The express parcel delivery market — international (including inbound and outbound)
Internationale eksprestjenester kræver et betydeligt højere antal destinationer, specifik og kompleks logistik, mere kvalificerede medarbejdere og evnen til at håndtere yderligere lovkrav.
Relevant market
Selv om nogle aktører er aktive på såvel det nationale som det internationale ekspresmarked, er der en tendens til, at deres aktiviteter tilrettelægges særskilt.
The applicant considers that there is a separate market for the express transport of parcels and goods to and from Norway [43].
Fra en leverandørs synspunkt er salg, markedsføring og drift af internationale og nationale eksprestjenester derfor meget forskellige [46].
Such market delineation appears again to be in line with the Commission's decisional practice [44].
Der er ligeledes blevet skelnet mellem international ekspreslevering og national ekspreslevering på grund af arten af den nationale infrastruktur [47].
Indeed, the Commission has held that the international delivery of parcels involves the collection, international transportation and delivery of parcels through an entirely different distribution network [45].
Henset til ovenstående bemærkninger konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at der med hensyn til denne beslutning findes et særskilt produktmarked for international ekspreslevering af pakker.
International express services require a significantly higher number of destinations, specific and complex logistics, more qualified personnel and the ability to deal with additional regulatory requirements.
På markedet for international ekspreslevering af pakker har Posten Norge haft en markedsandel efter værdi på 4,4 % i 2013, men det oplever stor konkurrence fra store internationale selskaber som DHL med en markedsandel på 38 %, TNT med 21 % og UPS med 19 % [48].
Even when some players are active both on the domestic as well as on the international express markets, their businesses tend to be organised separately.
Posten Norges markedsandel er lav sammenlignet med konkurrenternes og har været faldende siden 2011.
Therefore, from a supplier's perspective, the sales, marketing and operations of international and domestic express services are very different [46].
I lyset af disse faktorer og i overensstemmelse med den norske konkurrencemyndigheds vurdering og konklusion [49] konkluderer Tilsynsmyndigheden, at markedet for international eksprespakkelevering er direkte eksponeret for konkurrence.
International express delivery has also been distinguished from domestic express delivery due to the national nature of infrastructure [47].
Spedition via land — generelt gods/samlegods
In view of the foregoing, the Authority concludes for the purpose of this Decision that there is a separate product market for international express delivery of parcels.
Ansøgeren har anført, at der findes et særskilt marked for spedition — generelt gods, og henviser til distribution af varer med en vægt på mellem 35 kg og 2,5 ton, som håndteres gennem et netværk af terminaler.
On the market for the international express delivery of parcels, Norway Post had a market share by value of 4,4 % in 2013 whereas it faces strong competition from major international companies, such as DHL with a market share of 38 %, TNT with 21 % and UPS with 19 % [48].
Ifølge ansøgeren bør termo- og massetransport ikke medtages på dette marked [50].
Norway Post's market share is low compared to its competitors and has been declining since 2011.
Ansøgeren skelner mellem transport af B2B-pakker og godstransport, da gods kræver andet håndteringsudstyr end pakker, som typisk håndteres i sorteringsanlæg, der kan håndtere store mængder med vægtbegrænsninger på op til 30-35 kg, både automatisk og i standardiseret format.
Given these factors, and in line with the Norwegian Competition Authority's assessment and conclusion [49], the Authority concludes that the international parcel express delivery market is directly exposed to competition.
Gods derimod er typisk kendetegnet ved større og tungere enheder, som kræver særligt håndteringsudstyr (som f.eks. gaffeltrucks mv.).
Freight forwarding by land — general cargo/groupage
Derudover er godstransport også underlagt andre prismodeller end pakketransport, hvilket ofte betyder lavere priser for levering af gods [51].
The applicant argues that there is a separate market for freight forwarding — general cargo, referring to the distribution of goods weighing between 35 kg and 2,5 tonnes which are handled through a network of terminals.
Ansøgeren er endvidere af den opfattelse, at markedet for gods kan opdeles i et marked for generelt gods/samlegods og et marked for tungere gods eller såkaldt stykgods.
According to the applicant, thermo and bulk transport should be excluded from this market [50].
Denne sondring er baseret på prisforskelle, men endnu vigtigere på, at disse produkter kræver et andet netværk eller en anden infrastruktur for transport og håndtering.
The applicant distinguishes the transport of B2B parcels from the transport of freight because freight requires a different handling equipment than parcels, which are typically handled in sorting facilities capable of handling large volumes with weight limitations of up to 30 to 35 kg, in an automated manner and in standardised formats.
Generelt gods eller samlegods skal bruge et terminalnetværk, eftersom det håndteres i terminaler, mens stykgods kræver bredere køretøjsdækning, eftersom disse enheder generelt sendes direkte fra afsenderen til modtageren.
Freight, on the contrary, is typically characterised by larger and heavier items that need specialised handling equipment (such as forklifts etc.).
Selv om Kommissionen ikke har lagt sig fast på et endeligt standpunkt for så vidt angår afgrænsningen af det relevante marked inden for speditørvirksomhed, har den i en række sager tydeligt skelnet mellem pakke- og godsleveringstjenester, alt efter vægt, format og nødvendigt håndteringsudstyr (pakketjenester, som har til formål at håndtere store mængder enheder med en begrænset vægt og i et standardiseret format, hvorved håndtering og transport standardiseres for at opnå lave enhedsomkostninger) [52].
In addition, freight transport is also subject to different pricing models than parcels transport, often leading to lower prices for freight deliveries [51].
Spedition er i Kommissionens praksis defineret som tilrettelæggelse af transporten af varer (eventuelt inklusive aktiviteter, såsom toldklarering, toldoplag, ground handling osv.) på kundernes vegne og alt efter deres behov [53].
In addition, the applicant is of the view that the freight market can be separated into a market for general cargo/groupage and a market for heavier cargo or so-called part load.
På markedet for spedition — generelt gods har Posten Norge haft en markedsandel efter værdi i 2013 på 10 %, mens Schenker havde 13 %, og PostNord havde 12 %.
In addition, in an exemption decision pursuant to Article 30 of Directive 2004/17/EC, the Commission made a distinction between the market for light good services, defined as the transportation of single consignments in transportation units of 35 kg to 2,5 tonnes, and the market for freight services, defined as transportation services concerning heavy container loads, over 5 tonnes or heavy container loads of 2,5 to 5 tonnes [54].