natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hvis en sådan imidlertid ikke forefindes, måles det gennemsnitlige slipforhold på det venstre og højre trækkende hjul.
The inflation pressure is calculated to run at constant deflection:
Følgende ændringer er tilladt:
For a vertical load higher or equal to 75 per cent of the load capacity of the tyre, a constant deflection is applied, hence the test inflation pressure ‘Pt’ shall be calculated as follows:
ændringer, der giver mulighed for at øge det antal dækdimensioner, der kan monteres på køretøjet
Qr is the maximum load associated to the load capacity index of the tyre written on the sidewall
ændringer, som gør det muligt at påbegynde accelerationen og målingerne automatisk.
Pr is the reference pressure corresponding to the maximum load capacity Qr
Ingen anden ændring af accelerationssystemet er tilladt.
Qt is the static test load of the tyre
Køretøjets udstyr
For a vertical load lower than 75 per cent of the load capacity of the tyre, a constant inflation pressure is applied, hence the test inflation pressure Pt shall be calculated as follows:
På den trækkende bagaksel kan der monteres 2 eller 4 prøvedæk, hvis belastningen pr. dæk overholdes.
Instrumentation
På den styrende ikke-trækkende foraksel kan der monteres 2 dæk med en passende størrelse for akselbelastningen.
The vehicle shall be fitted with calibrated sensors suitable for measurements in winter.
De 2 fordæk kan benyttes under hele prøvningen.
There shall be a data acquisition system to store measurements.
Belastning og dæktryk
The accuracy of measurement sensors and systems shall be such that the relative uncertainty of the measured or computed mean fully developed decelerations is less than 1 per cent.
Den statiske belastning af hvert trækkende prøvedæk skal ligge mellem 20 % og 55 % af det prøvede dæks belastningsevne som angivet på dæksiden.
Testing sequences
Den samlede statiske belastning af den styrende foraksel skal ligge mellem 60 % og 160 % af den samlede belastning af den trækkende bagaksel.
For every candidate tyre and the standard reference tyre, ABS-braking test runs shall be repeated a minimum of 6 times.
Den statiske belastning af dæk på samme trækkende aksel må højst afvige fra hinanden med 10 %.
The zones where ABS-braking is fully applied shall not overlap.
Dæktrykket på de trækkende dæk skal være 70 % af det på dæksiden angivne.
When a new set of tyres is tested, the runs are performed after shifting aside the vehicle trajectory in order not to brake on the tracks of the previous tyre.
De styrende dæk pumpes til det på dæksiden angivne tryk.
When it is no longer possible not to overlap full ABS-braking zones, the test course shall be re-groomed.
Hvis trykket ikke angivet på dæksiden, henvises til angivelsen i de relevante dækstandardmanualer svarende til den maksimale belastningsevne.
Required sequence:
Prøvningsforløb
6 repeats SRTT, then shift aside to test next tyre on fresh surface
Først monteres der et sæt referencedæk køretøjet på prøveområdet.
6 repeats Candidate 1, then shift aside
Køretøjet køres ved en konstant hastighed på mellem 4 km/h og 11 km/h og i et udvekslingsforhold, der kan dække hastighedsområdet på mindst 19 km/h for det komplette prøvningsprogram (f.eks. R-T1-T2-T3-R).
6 repeats Candidate 2, then shift aside
Det anbefalede udvekslingsforhold, der vælges i 3. eller 4. gear, skal mindst give et gennemsnitligt slipforhold på 10 % i det målte hastighedsområde.
6 repeats SRTT, then shift aside
Hvis der er tale om køretøjer med traction control-systemer (som allerede indstilles til »on« før kørslen), gives fuld gas, indtil køretøjet har nået sluthastigheden.
Order of testing:
Sluthastighed = begyndelseshastighed + 15 km/h
If only one candidate tyre is to be evaluated, the order of testing shall be:
Prøvekøretøjet må ikke påføres nogen tilbageholdende kraft.
R1 is the initial test of the SRTT, R2 is the repeat test of the SRTT and T is the test of the candidate tyre to be evaluated.
I det særlige tilfælde omhandlet i punkt 4.7.2.1.1 i dette bilag, hvor der ikke forefindes et standard erhvervskøretøj udstyret med traction control-system, skal føreren manuelt fastholde et gennemsnitligt slipforhold på mellem 10 % og 40 % (kontrolleret slipprocedure i stedet for fuld slip) inden for de foreskrevne hastigheder.
A maximum of two candidate tyres may be tested before repeating the SRTT test, for example:
Hvis der ikke forefindes differentialespærre, må forskellen mellem det gennemsnitlige slipforhold på venstre og højre trækkende hjul højst være 8 % for hver kørsel.
R1 — T1 — T2 — R2.
Alle dæk og kørsler i prøvningsforløbet køres efter den kontrollerede slipprocedure.
The comparative tests of SRTT and candidate tyres shall be repeated on two different days.
Afstanden mellem begyndelseshastigheden og sluthastigheden måles.
Drive the vehicle at a speed not lower than 28 km/h.
For hvert kandidatdæk og standardreferencedæk gentages accelerationsprøvekørslen mindst 6 gange, og variationskoefficienten (standardafvigelse/gennemsnit * 100), beregnet ud fra mindst 6 gyldige kørsler af afstanden, skal være mindre end eller lig med 6 %.
When the measuring zone has been reached, the vehicle gear is set into neutral, the brake pedal is depressed sharply by a constant force sufficient to cause operation of the ABS on all wheels of the vehicle and to result in stable deceleration of the vehicle and held down until the speed is lower than 8 km/h.
Hvis der er tale om et køretøj med traction control-system, skal det gennemsnitlige slipforhold ligge inden for området 10 %-40 % (beregnet efter punkt 4.3.4 i dette bilag).
The mean fully developed deceleration between 25 km/h and 10 km/h shall be computed from time, distance, speed, or acceleration measurements.
Der benyttes den prøvningssekvens, som er defineret i punkt 4.6 ovenfor.
Data evaluation and presentation of results
Beregning af den gennemsnitlige acceleration (AA)
Parameters to be reported
Hver gang, målingen gentages, beregnes den gennemsnitlige acceleration AA (m · s – 2) ved hjælp af:
For each tyre and each braking test, the mean and standard deviation of the mfdd shall be computed and reported.
hvor D (m) er den tilbagelagte afstand mellem begyndelseshastigheden S1 (m · s–1) og sluthastigheden Sf (m · s–1).
The coefficient of variation CV of a tyre braking test shall be computed as:
Variationskoefficienten for den gennemsnitlige acceleration beregnes for alle kandidatdæk.
CVtyre
Hvis én variationskoefficient er over 6 %, kasseres dataene for det pågældende kandidatdæk, og prøvningen gentages.
Std.devtyre
variationskoefficient
Meantyre
Hvis variationskoefficienten for den gennemsnitlige acceleration »AA« for hver gruppe af mindst 6 kørsler med referencedækket er større 6 %, kasseres alle data, og prøvningen gentages for alle dæk (kandidatdæk og referencedæk).
Weighted averages of two successive tests of the SRTT shall be computed taking into account the number of candidate tyres in between:
For at tage højde for eventuel videreudvikling af prøvningen beregnes valideringskoefficienten på baggrund af de gennemsnitlige værdier for to vilkårlige på hinanden følgende grupper af mindst 6 kørsler med referencedækket.
In the case of the order of testing R1 — T — R2, the weighted average of the SRTT to be used in the comparison of the performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
Hvis variationskoefficienten er over 6 %, kasseres dataene for det pågældende kandidatdæk, og prøvningen gentages.
R1 is the mean mfdd for the first test of the SRTT and R2 is the mean mfdd for the second test of the SRTT.
valideringskoefficient
In the case of the order of testing R1 — T1 — T2 — R2, the weighted average (wa) of the SRTT to be used in the comparison of the performance of the candidate tyre shall be taken to be:
Gennemsnit2
wa (SRTT) = 2/3 R1 + 1/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T1; and:
Gennemsnit1
wa (SRTT) = 1/3 R1 + 2/3 R2 for comparison with the candidate tyre T2.
Beregning af »gennemsnitlig AA«
The snow grip index (SG) in per cent of a candidate tyre shall be computed as:
Hvis R1 er gennemsnittet af »AA«-værdierne i den første prøvning af referencedækket, og R2, er gennemsnittet af AA-værdierne i den anden prøvning af referencedækket, foretages følgende handlinger i overensstemmelse med tabel 1:
Snow Grip Indexcandidate
»Ta« (a = 1, 2, osv.) er gennemsnittet af AA-værdierne for en prøvning af et kandidatdæk.
Meancandidate
»AFC«-beregning (Acceleration Force Coefficient)
Statistical validations
Også kaldet AFC-Acceleration Force Coefficient
The sets of repeats of measured or computed mfdd for each tyre should be examined for normality, drift, eventual outliers.
Beregning af AFC(Ta) og AFC(Ra) som defineret i tabel 2:
The consistency of the means and standard-deviations of successive braking tests of SRTT should be examined.
Accelerationskraftkoefficienten »AFC« er:
The means of two successive SRTT braking tests shall not differ by more than 5 per cent.
Ra og Ta er i m/s2
The coefficient of variation of any braking test shall be less than 6 per cent.
»g« = tyngdeaccelerationen (afrundet til 9,81 m/s2).
If those conditions are not met, tests shall be performed again after re-grooming the test course.
Beregning af dækkets relative indeks for vejgreb i sne
In the case where the candidate tyres cannot be fitted to the same vehicle as the SRTT, for example, due to tyre size, inability to achieve required loading and so on, comparison shall be made using intermediate tyres, hereinafter referred to as ‘control tyres’, and two different vehicles.
Indekset for vejgreb i sne repræsenterer kandidatdækkets relative ydelse i forhold til referencedækket.
One vehicle shall be capable of being fitted with the SRTT and the control tyre and the other vehicle shall be capable of being fitted with the control tyre and the candidate tyre.
Indeks for vejgreb
The snow grip index of the control tyre relative to the SRTT (SG1) and of the candidate tyre relative to the control tyre (SG2) shall be established using the procedure in paragraphs 3.1 to 3.4.2 above.
Beregning af slipforholdet
The snow grip index of the candidate tyre relative to the SRTT shall be the product of the two resulting snow grip indices that is SG1 × SG2.
Slipforholdet kan beregnes som det gennemsnitlige slipforhold, jf. punkt 4.3.4 i dette bilag, eller ved at sammenligne den gennemsnitlige afstand, jf. punkt 4.7.5.3 i dette bilag, af de mindst 6 kørsler med afstanden foretaget uden slip (meget lav acceleration):
The ambient conditions shall be comparable.
Gennemsnitlig distance
All tests shall be completed within the same day.
Distance uden slip
The same set of control tyres shall be used for comparison with the SRTT and with the candidate tyre and shall be fitted in the same wheel positions.
Ingen slipafstand betyder, hjulafstanden beregnet ud fra en kørsel foretaget med konstant hastighed eller en kontinuerlig lav acceleration.
Control tyres that have been used for testing shall subsequently be stored under the same conditions as required for the SRTT.
Sammenligning af et kandidatdæks og et referencedæks vejgreb i sne ved hjælp af et kontroldæk
The SRTT and control tyres shall be discarded if there is irregular wear or damage or when the performance appears to have been deteriorated.
Hvis kandidatdækkets størrelse er væsentligt anderledes end referencedækkets, kan det være umuligt at foretage en direkte sammenligning på det samme køretøj.
Acceleration method for Class C3 tyres
Ved denne prøvningsmetode benyttes der som mellemled et dæk, der i det følgende er benævnt »kontroldæk«.
According to the definition of C3 tyres reported into paragraph 2.4.3, the additional classification for the purpose of this test method only applies:
Princippet er, at der benyttes et kontroldæk og 2 forskellige køretøjer til at vurdere et kandidatdæk i forhold til et referencedæk.
C3 Narrow (C3N), when the C3 tyre nominal section width is lower than 285 mm
Resultatet (indeks 1 for vejgreb i sne) er kontroldækkets relative ydelse i forhold til referencedækket.
Methods for measuring Snow grip index
Resultatet (indeks 2 for vejgreb i sne) er kandidatdækkets relative ydelse i forhold til kontroldækket.
Snow performance is based on a test method by which the average acceleration in an acceleration test, of a candidate tyre is compared to that of a standard reference tyre.
Anden vurdering foretages på samme bane som den første.
The relative performance shall be indicated by a snow grip index (SG).
Lufttemperaturen skal ligge inden for ± 5 °C af temperaturen ved første vurdering.
When tested in accordance with the acceleration test in paragraph 4.7 below, the average acceleration of a candidate snow tyre shall be at least 1,25 compared to one of the two equivalent SRTTs — ASTM F 2870 and ASTM F 2871.
Kontroldæksættet er fysisk det samme sæt, som anvendes ved den første vurdering.
A sensor suitable for measuring speed and distance covered on snow/ice surface between two speeds must be used.
Kandidatdækkets indeks for vejgreb i sne i forhold til referencedækkets udledes ved at gange den relative ydelse som beregnet ovenfor:
To measure vehicle speed, a fifth wheel or non-contact speed-measuring system (including radar, GPS …) shall be used.
Indeks for vejgreb i sne × SG1 × SG2.
For speed measurements: ± 1 per cent (km/h) or 0,5 km/h whichever is greater.
Et sæt kontroldæk er en gruppe af identiske dæk, som er fremstillet på samme fabrik inden for én uge.
For distance measurements: ± 1 × 10– 1 m
Se de nærmere detaljer i tillægget om ASTM-standard F1805-06.
A display of the measured speed or the difference between the measured speed and the reference speed for the test is recommended inside the vehicle so that the driver can adjust the speed of the vehicle.
Piktogram — definition af »alpint symbol«
For Acceleration test covered in paragraph 4.7 below, a display of the slip ratio of the driven tyres is recommended inside the vehicle and shall be used in the particular case of paragraph 4.7.2.1.1 below.
Mindst 15 mm bredt og 15 mm højt
The slip ratio is calculated by
Ovenstående tegning ikke i målestoksforhold.
Slip Ratio %
Prøvningsrapport og prøvningsdata for C1- og C2-dæk
Wheel Speed
Dækkategori: …
Vehicle Speed
Sneindeks i forhold til SRTT-dækket i overensstemmelse med punkt 6.4.1.1
Vehicle speed is measured as defined in 4.3.1 above (m/s)
Anvendt prøvningsprocedure og SRTT-dæk …
Wheel speed is calculated on a tyre of the driven axle by measuring its angular velocity and its loaded diameter
Banens egenskaber:
Wheel Speed = π × loaded diameter × angular speed
Ved prøvningernes begyndelse
Where, π = 3,1416 (m/360 deg), the loaded diameter (m) and the angular speed (revolution per second = 360 deg/sec).
Ved prøvningernes afslutning
A data acquisition system can be used for storing the measurements.
Specifikation
The test shall be done on a flat test surface of sufficient length and width, with a maximum 2 per cent gradient, covered with packed snow.
Vejrforhold
The snow compaction index measured with a CTI penetrometer shall be between 80 and 90.
Omgivende temperatur
Refer to the appendix of ASTM F1805 for additional details on measuring method.
2 °C til – 15 °C
The air temperature, measured about one meter above the ground, shall be between – 2 °C and – 15 °C; the snow temperature, measured at a depth of about one centimetre, shall be between – 4 °C and – 15 °C.
Snetemperatur
Air temperature shall not vary more than 10 °C during the test.
4 °C til – 15 °C
Tyres preparation and break-in
CTI-indeks
Fit the test tyres on rims as per ISO 4209-1 using conventional mounting methods.
75 til 85
The tyres should be ‘broken-in’ prior to testing to remove spew, compound nodules or flashes resulting from moulding process.
Prøvningskøretøj (mærke, model og type, årgang): …
They should be placed such that they all have the same ambient temperature prior to testing and be shielded from the sun to avoid excessive heating by solar radiation.
Oplysninger om prøvedæk …
Testing sequence
Data om prøvedæk: …
R1, T, R2
SRTT (1. prøvning)
A maximum of 3 candidate tyres may be tested before repeating the SRTT test, for example: R1, T1, T2, T3, R2.
Kandidat
Recommendations are that the zones where acceleration is fully applied shall not overlap without reworking.
Dækdimensioner
When a new set of tyres is tested the runs are performed after shifting the vehicle trajectory in order not to accelerate on the tracks of the previous tyre; when it is no longer possible not to overlap full acceleration zones, the test course should be re-groomed.
Prøvefælgens breddekode
Acceleration on snow test procedure for snow grip index of Classes C3N and C3W
Dækbelastning F/R (kg)
The test method covers a procedure for measuring the snow grip performance of commercial vehicle tyres during acceleration, using a commercial vehicle having a Traction Control System (TCS, ASR, etc.).
Belastningsindeks F/R (%)
Starting with a defined initial speed, the full throttle is applied to activate the Traction Control System, the Average acceleration is calculated between two defined speeds.
Dæktryk F/R (kPa)
The test shall be conducted with a standard 2 axle commercial vehicle in good running order with:
Prøvningsresultater: middel fuldt udviklede decelerationer (m/s2)/traktionskoefficient [1].
Low rear axle weight and an engine powerful enough to maintain the average percentage of slip during the test as required in paragraphs 4.7.5.1 and 4.7.5.2.1 below;
Kørsel nr.
A manual gearbox (automatic gearbox with manual shift allowed) having a gear ratio covering the speed range of at least 19 km/h between 4 km/h and 30 km/h;
SRTT (2. prøvning)
Differential lock on driven axle is recommended to improve repeatability;
Middelværdi
A standard commercial system controlling/limiting the slip of the driving axle during acceleration (Traction Control, ASR, TCS, etc.).
Std.-afvigelse
In the particular case where a standard commercial vehicle equipped with a traction control system is not available, a vehicle without Traction Control/ASR/TCS is permitted provided the vehicle is fitted with a system to display the percentage slip as stated in paragraph 4.3.4 of this annex and a mandatory differential lock on the driven axle used in accordance with operating procedure 4.7.5.2.1 below.
Validering SRTT
If a differential lock is available it shall be used; if the differential lock, however, is not available, the average slip ratio should be measured on the left and right driven wheel.
SRTT-gennemsnit
The permitted modifications are:
Sneindeks
Those allowing to increase the number of tyre sizes capable to be mounted on the vehicle;
Prøvningsrapport og prøvningsdata for C3-dæk
Those permitting to install an automatic activation of the acceleration and the measurements.
80 til 90
Any other modification of the acceleration system is prohibited.
Kandidat 2
Vehicle fitting
Kandidat 3
The rear driven axle may be indifferently fitted with 2 or 4 test tyres if respecting the loading by tyre.
Belastningsindeks F/R (%)
The front steer non-driven axle is equipped with 2 tyres having a size suitable for the axle load.
Dæktryk F/R (kPa)
These 2 front tyres could be maintained along the test.
Prøvningsresultater: Gnsn. deceleration (m/s2)
Load and inflation pressure
Kandidat 1
The static load on each rear driven test tyres must be between 20 per cent and 55 per cent of the tested tyre load capacity written on the sidewall.
Slipforhold (%)
The vehicle front steer total static axle load should be between 60 per cent and 160 per cent of the driven rear total axle load.
(SRTT) ≤ 6 %
The static tyre load on the same driven axle should not differ by more than 10 per cent.
»forstærket (reinforced) dæk« eller »ekstra belastning (extra load)« i kategori C1: luftdæk beregnet til at bære en større belastning ved et højere dæktryk end den belastning, som den tilsvarende standarddæktype ved standarddæktrykket, jf. ISO 4000-1:2010 [2]2.10. »trækdæk«: et dæk i kategori C2 eller C3 med påskriften TRACTION, som primært er beregnet til montering på drivakslen/drivakslerne på et køretøj for at give maksimal kraftoverførsel under forskellige forhold
The driven tyres inflation pressure shall be 70 per cent of the one written on the sidewall.
handelsbetegnelsen (jf. punkt 2.2 i dette regulativ).
The steer tyres are inflated at nominal sidewall pressure.
Hvis handelsbetegnelsen er den samme som varemærket, kan den udelades
If the pressure is not marked on the sidewall, refer to the specified pressure in applicable tyre standards manuals corresponding to maximum load capacity.
Det maksimale lydtryk i A-vægtede decibel dB(A) måles med én decimal, når køretøjet kører i friløb mellem linjerne AA′ og BB′ (figur 1 — køretøjets forende på linje AA′ og køretøjets bagende på linje BB′).
Testing runs
Denne værdi regnes for måleresultatet.
Mount first the set of reference tyres on the vehicle when on the testing area.
Målt rullestøj venstre [2]dB(A)
Drive the vehicle at a constant speed between 4 km/h and 11 km/h and the gear ratio capable of covering the speed range of at least 19 km/h for the complete test programme (e.g. R-T1-T2-T3-R).
Banetemperatur °C
The Recommended Gear ratio selected is 3rd or 4th and shall give a minimum 10 per cent average slip ratio in the measured range of speed.
Opfylder en ny overflade kravene, er ingen yderligere periodisk kontrol nødvendig.
In case of Traction Control System equipped vehicles (already switched ‘on’ before the run) apply full throttle until the vehicle has reached the final speed.
Område
Final speed = Initial speed + 15 km/h
Det er vigtigt, at prøvebanen udformes således, at det sikres, at det område, som køretøjerne gennemkører på prøvebanen, som et mindstekrav er belagt med det foreskrevne prøvemateriale med en passende margen for sikker og praktisk kørsel.
No rearward restraining force shall be applied to the test vehicle.
Dette indebærer, at kørebanen skal være mindst 3 meter bred, og at dens længde skal være mindst 10 m ud over linjerne AA og BB i hver ende.
In the particular case of paragraph 4.7.2.1.1 of this annex where a standard commercial vehicle equipped with a Traction Control system is not available, the driver shall manually maintain the average slip ratio between 10 and 40 per cent (Controlled Slip procedure in place of the Full Slip) within the prescribed range of speeds.
I figur 1 er vist en plan over en passende måleplads samt det mindsteområde, der skal være maskinlagt og komprimeret med det foreskrevne overflademateriale.
If a differential lock is not available, the averaged slip ratio difference between the left and right driven wheel shall not be higher than 8 per cent for each run.
I henhold til bilag 3, punkt 3.2, foretages der målinger på hver side af køretøjet.
All the tyres and runs in the test session are performed with Controlled Slip procedure.
Dette kan gøres enten ved at måle med to mikrofonplaceringer (en på hver side af anlægget) og at køre i en retning eller ved at måle med kun én mikrofon på én side af anlægget, men at køre køretøjet i to retninger.
Measure the distance between the initial speed and the final speed.
Hvis sidstnævnte metode anvendes, er der ingen overfladekrav på den side af anlægget, hvor der ikke er nogen mikrofon.
For every candidate tyre and the standard reference tyre, the acceleration test runs shall be repeated a minimum of 6 times and the coefficients of variation (standard deviation/average*100) calculated for minimum 6 valid runs on the distance shall be lower than or equal to 6 per cent.
Mindstekrav til prøveanlæggets belægning.
In case of Traction Control System equipped vehicle, the Average Slip ratio shall be in the range from 10 per cent to 40 per cent (calculated as per paragraph 4.3.4 of this annex).
Den skraverede del betegnes »prøveområde«
Apply testing sequence as defined in paragraph 4.6 above.
Mål i meter
Calculation of the average acceleration AA
Kørselsretningens centerlinje
Each time the measurement is repeated, the average acceleration AA (m · s – 2) is calculated by
Minimumsområde med prøvebelægning, dvs. prøveområde
Where D (m) is the distance covered between the initial speed Si (m · s– 1) and the final speed Sf (m · s– 1).
Mikrofon (højde 1,2 m)
The coefficient of variation of the average acceleration is calculated for all the candidate tyres.