natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Enhver ændring i den økonomiske aktivitet og navnlig i mængden af varer, der transporteres på veje, afspejles direkte i salget af dæk.
Regarding tier 2, the profitability declined by 2,6 percentage points over the period considered (from 17,9 % in 2014 to 15,3 % in the investigation period).
I en periode, hvor lastvognene bruges mindre, bliver indkøbet af nye lastbiler eller udskiftning af dæk til lastbiler derfor mindre nødvendigt, hvilket resulteret i et fald i markedet for dæk.
In tier 2, the net cash flow decreased significantly by 22 % and the return on investments decreased from 20,4 % to 16,2 % over the period considered.
Efter den økonomiske krise er der sket et strukturelt skift i efterspørgslen fra de højere segmenter til de lavere segmenter, hvor prisen synes at være afgørende for købsbeslutningen.
Table 15
I den forbindelse har tilbuddet om billige importerede dæk og visse flådeejeres præference for at vælge billigere dæk spillet en stor rolle i omstruktureringen af EU-markedet.
Tier 2 profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Eftersom vulkanisørerne er under stærkt pres, har lukningen af fabrikker og værksteder været tiltagende, jf. betragtning 175.
Tier 3 is loss-making in the investigation period (– 0,4 %).
På grund af manglen på tilgængelige lokale faciliteter bliver det mindre muligt at regummiere et slidt dæk af høj kvalitet.
The losses for the SMEs were particularly pronounced (– 6,1 % in the investigation period).
Det at købe kvalitetsdæk med mulighed for flere regummieringer bliver dermed mindre attraktivt.
The profitability for the large companies in tier 3 halved from 2014 to the investigation period from 10 % to 4,8 %.
I lyset af denne udvikling samt på grund af lavprisimporten af dæk i segment 3, der udgjorde størstedelen af importen fra Kina, har EU-producenter af nye dæk ikke andet valg end også at styrke deres tilstedeværelse i segment 3.
In tier 3, the net cash flow decreased significantly by 62 % and the return on investments decreased from 7,6 % to 2,5 % over the period considered.
Konkurrencen mellem segmenter er desuden også tydelig at se i den virkning, priserne i de lavere segmenter har på prisfastsættelsen i de højere segmenter.
Table 16
I Unionen har priserne på dæk i segment 1 været presset af den billige import.
Tier 3 profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Klageren hævdede, at virkningen var mere tydelig i regionale områder, hvor dæk i segment 3 var mere fremtrædende (dvs. at i disse områder var dæk i segment 1 typisk prissat på et lavere niveau end i andre dele af Unionen, hvilket tydeliggør den konkurrencemæssige virkning af dæk i segment 3 på dæk i segment 1).
Interconnection between the tiers
Dette betyder, at de erhvervsdrivende synes at have skiftet en del af deres indkøb af dæk fra segment 1 eller 2 ud med indkøb af dæk i segment 3, hvilket viser, at der fandt konkurrence sted på tværs af de forskellige segmenter.
The Union market for tyres for buses or lorries has been strongly affected by the economic crisis.
Dette medførte et skift i den relative betydning af dæk i segment 3, der steg fra 27 % til 39 % af det samlede EU-forbrug.
As the consumption of tyres is intrinsically linked to the purchase of new vehicles and of kilometres travelled by the fleets, it is very dependent on the overall economic activity.
Tabel 17
Any variation in the economic activity, and notably of the volume of goods transported by road, is reflected directly in the tyre sales.
EU-forbruget opdelt pr. segment i år 2012 og 2016
In a period when lorries are used less, acquisition of new lorries or replacement of lorries' tyres becomes less necessary and therefore the tyres market declines.
Kilde: ETRMA og oplysninger fra Eurostat (Comext).
After the economic crisis, there has been a structural shift of demand from the higher tiers to the lower tiers, where price tends to drive the purchasing decision.
Segment 2
As retreaders are under strong pressure, closure of plants and workshops have been increasingly numerous as set out in recital (175).
Segment 3
Due to the lack of available local facilities, it becomes less possible to retread a high-quality worn out tyre.
På grundlag af de indhentede oplysninger fastslog Kommissionen, at førhen fungerede det sådan, at dækkene i segment 1 satte benchmarket for prisen i de øvrige segmenter.
Consequently, the purchase of a high-quality tyre with the option of multiple retreadings becomes less attractive.
De største EU-producenter samlede sig i segment 1 og 2, hvor dækkene var/er udformet til at have en lang livscyklus og til at kunne regummieres.
In light of these developments and in the face of low-priced imports of tier 3 tyres, which accounted for most of the Chinese imports, Union producers of new tyres have no option but to strengthen their presence in tier 3, too.
Forbrugerne værdsatte disse fysiske egenskaber samt ydeevnen og var villige til at betale højere priser for dette.
Finally, the intersegment competition is also clear from the impact of the prices in the lower tiers on the pricing in the higher tier.
Kommissionens oplysninger viste dog, at ovennævnte tendens for prisfastsættelsen ændrede sig og i stedet begyndte en omvendt kaskadevirkning, hvor priserne i segment 3 påvirkede priserne i segment 1.
In the Union, prices of tier 1 tyres have felt the pressure of cheap imports.
Det meste af lavprisimporten relaterer til segment 3, hvor EU-producenterne oplevede de største tab i undersøgelsesperioden.
The complainant claimed that the impact was all the more obvious in regional areas where tier 3 tyres were more present (i.e. in these areas tier 1 tyres were typically priced at lower levels than in other areas of the Union which highlights the competitive impact of tier 3 tyres on tier 1 tyres).
På grundlag af ovenstående fastslog Kommissionen foreløbigt, at der er et symbiotisk forhold mellem de forskellige segmenter, hvor pristrykket i segment 3 også påvirker priserne i de øvrige segmenter.
This means that economic operators appear to have shifted part of their purchase from tier 1 or tier 2 tyres to tier 3 tyres, showing that competition takes place across the different segments.
Konklusion vedrørende skade
The table below shows the share per tier in the Union consumption in 2012 and in 2016.
Samlet set viser skadesindikatorerne, at EU-erhvervsgrenen som helhed har været under massivt pres.
In that period, Union consumption increased by around 3,8 million items, and over 90 % of such increase was in tier 3 (around 3,6 million items).
Der var en reduktion i produktionskapaciteten, investeringerne og beskæftigelsen i undersøgelsesperioden og et betydeligt tab af markedsandel på trods af faldende salgspriser.
This resulted in a tilt of the relative importance of tier 3, which increased from 27 % to 39 % of total Union consumption.
Importen af den pågældende vare vandt markedsandele på bekostning af EU-erhvervsgrenen, i alle segmenter, hvilket resulterede i mere end 4200 tabte arbejdspladser.
Table 17
Selv om rentabiliteten stadig lå på omkring 14 % for erhvervsgrenen som helhed, faldt den med 1,9 procentpoint mellem 2014 og undersøgelsesperioden, og med 3 procentpoint mellem 2015 og undersøgelsesperioden.
Union consumption split per tier in years 2012 and 2016
Det blev også foreløbigt fastslået, at importen fra Kina i betydelig grad underbød EU-erhvervsgrenens priser, hvilket igen tydede på en direkte og væsentlig indvirkning på de forværrede resultater og den faldende kapacitet, produktion, beskæftigelse og andre skadesindikatorer for EU-erhvervsgrenen.
Source: ETRMA and Eurostat Comext.
Den negative udvikling var kraftigst i segment 3, hvor mange SMV-vulkanisører måtte trække sig ud af markedet og ikke kunne drage fordel af det økonomiske opsving i sektoren, som i sidste ende kun kom lavprisimporten til gavn.
Tier 1
Det skal bemærkes, at de virksomheder, der primært er aktive i segment 3, tegner sig for omkring 20 % af den samlede EU-produktion.
Tier 2
Tabene i segment 3 er ikke i længden holdbare, og dette bringer hele Unionens regummieringsaktivitet i fare.
Tier 3
Desuden påvirkede virkningerne af pristrykket også priserne i de højere segmenter.
On the basis of the information collected, the Commission determined that, in the past, tier 1 tyres set the price benchmark for the others tiers.
Det voksende pristryk fra dæk i segment 3, der skyldtes lavprisimporten, påvirkede primært dæk i segment 3, men har alligevel også udløst en lignende udvikling i segment 2, hvor salgspriserne faldt med 12 % i den betragtede periode, og selv priserne for dæk i segment 1 måtte reduceres med 9 % for at forblive konkurrencedygtige.
The main Union producers concentrated in tiers 1 and 2, where tyres were/are designed to have a long life cycle and to be retreadable.
Som følge af den indbyrdes påvirkning af priserne mellem segmenter led selv det mest konkurrencedygtige segment 1 under pristrykket fra den omvendte kaskadevirkning på tværs af de tre segmenter, som beskrevet i det foregående kapitel.
Consumers valued these physical and performance properties and were willing to pay higher prices for these properties.
Dette resulterede i industriel udtømning, tab af værdi i hele forsyningskæden for alle tre segmenter, og en forringelse af kvaliteten af de dæk, der er til rådighed på EU-markedet.
However, information available to the Commission showed that the above mentioned pricing trend changed and a ‘reverse-cascading effect’ started with tier 3 prices inversely affecting tier 1.
Desuden har den intensive konkurrence på prisen i alle tre segmenter haft negative konsekvenser for kapacitetsudnyttelsen og ført til voksende lagre hos erhvervsgrenen (tabel 12), kombineret med mindre likviditet og færre investeringer (tabel 13).
Of note, most of the low-priced imports relate to tier 3 where the Union producers suffered losses during the investigation period.
Derudover vil nedlukningen af regummieringsindustrien i Unionen også påvirke den fortjeneste, som de virksomheder, der er aktive i segment 1 og 2, kan opnå.
On the basis of above the Commission provisionally concluded that that there is symbiotic relationship between the different tiers, where price pressure on tier 3 also affects the prices in the other tiers.
På grundlag af ovenstående bekræftes det foreløbigt, at EU-erhvervsgrenen har lidt skade, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 5.
Conclusion on injury
Klagerne hævdede desuden, at der var en risiko for yderligere forværring af skaden.
Overall, the injury indicators show that the Union industry as a whole has been under intensive pressure.
Efter deres opfattelse var der blevet indført adskillige foranstaltninger på andre eksportmarkeder, som kunne medføre øjeblikkelig handelsomlægning.
There was a reduction of production capacity, investment and employment over the period of investigation and a significant loss of market share despite decreasing sales prices.
EU-producenternes eksportmarked er angiveligt også i fare, eftersom nogle lande såsom Tyrkiet har indledt en handelsbeskyttelsesundersøgelse.
Market share was gained by imports of the product concerned at the expense of the Union industry, irrespective of segmentation, resulting in over 4200 jobs lost.
Risikoen for forværring er også forbundet med den massive overkapacitet i Kina, hvor den uudnyttede kapacitet udgør ca. 40 % af den nuværende eksport fra Kina.
While still around 14 % for the industry as a whole, profitability declined by 1,9 percentage points between 2014 and the IP and by 3 percentage points between 2015 and the IP.
Klagerne frygtede også en strukturel indvirkning på EU-markedet for dæk, når de ekstra omkostninger ved køb af kvalitetsdæk bliver sværere og sværere at retfærdiggøre, hvis muligheden for at regummiere dækket flere gange forsvinder sammen med regummieringsindustrien.
It was also provisionally established that Chinese imports were substantially undercutting the Union industry prices, which, in turn, pointed to a direct and significant impact on the deteriorating performance and declining capacity, production, employment and other injury indicators of the Union industry.
Derudover forudser de en fortsat forbedring af dæk fra Kina.
The negative development was most felt in the tier 3 where many SMEs retreaders exited the market and could not benefit from the economic recovery in the sector, which was ultimately captured by the low-priced imports.
Hvis dæk af høj kvalitet fra Kina fik lov til at konkurrere med EU-dæk til dumpingpriser, ville dette reducere margenerne for Unionens dækindustri og dermed EU-erhvervsgrenens evne til at investere og innovere.
It is recalled that the companies mostly active in tier 3 account for around 20 % of the total Union production.
Dette ville til gengæld sandsynligvis tvinge EU-erhvervsgrenen til at satse på dæk af lavere kvalitet, der kræver begrænsede investeringer i forskning og udvikling, hvilket yderligere ville påvirkede deres regummierbarhed.
The losses of tier 3 are not sustainable and put the survival of the entire retreading activity in the Union at risk.
Kommissionen konstaterede på dette tidspunkt, at dækfabrikanterne i Kinas »Industripolitik for dæk« opfordres til at forbedre de tekniske aspekter samt deres branding (f.eks. ved at gennemføre strategier for branding med henblik på at øge varemærkets popularitet og omdømme og til at blive ved at øge varemærkets værdi) og bemærkede, at der er en sideløbende antisubsidieprocedure i gang.
Moreover, the effects of the price pressure also affected the prices of the higher tiers.
På baggrund af ovenstående opfordrede Kommissionen parterne til at fremsætte bemærkninger til de punkter, der er fremført af klagerne i den foregående betragtning, så Kommissionen kan analysere disse punkter i detaljer i den endelige fase.
The growing price pressure from tier 3 tyres resulting from low-priced imports, mostly relating to tier 3 tyres, has triggered a similar development in tier 2, where sales prices fell by 12 % in the period considered, and even the prices for tier 1 tyres had to be lowered by 9 % to remain competitive.
ÅRSAGSSAMMENHÆNG
Indeed, given the price interconnection between the tiers, even the best-performing tier 1 was suffering from the reverse-cascading price pressure across the three tiers explained in the previous chapter.
I overensstemmelse med grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 6, undersøgte Kommissionen, om dumpingimporten fra det pågældende land forvoldte EU-erhvervsgrenen væsentlig skade.
This resulted in industrial depletion, loss of value throughout the supply chain of all three tiers, and degradation of the quality of the tyres available on the Union market.
I overensstemmelse med grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 7, undersøgte Kommissionen tillige, om andre kendte faktorer samtidig kunne have forvoldt EU-erhvervsgrenen skade.
Moreover, the intense price competition in all three tiers has negative consequences for the capacity utilisation and leads to rising stocks of the industry (Table 12), coupled with less cash flow and investments (Table 13).
Kommissionen sikrede sig, at eventuel skade forvoldt af andre faktorer end dumpingimporten fra det pågældende land ikke blev tilskrevet dumpingimporten.
Finally, the loss of the retreading industry in the Union also affects the profitability that the companies active in tier 1 and 2 can achieve.
Disse faktorer er: import fra andre tredjelande, EU-producenternes eksportresultater og udviklingen i omkostningerne.
Therefore, it is provisionally concluded that the Union industry suffered injury within the meaning of Article 3(5) of the basic Regulation.
Dumpingimportens virkninger
In addition, the complainants alleged that there was a risk of further aggravation of injury.
Priserne for dumpingimporten fra Kina underbød i væsentlig grad EU-erhvervsgrenens priser i undersøgelsesperioden, og underbudsmargener fra 21 % til 31 % førte til faldende markedsandele og rentabilitet for EU-erhvervsgrenen (fra henholdsvis 72 % til 66,8 % og fra 15,6 % i 2014 til 13,7 % i undersøgelsesperioden).
In their view, numerous measures have been imposed in other import export markets which could cause immediate trade diversion.
I den betragtede periode faldt EU-erhvervsgrenens salgsmængde en smule, mens importen fra Kina steg med 32 %, hvilket reelt betyder, at den tegnede sig for størstedelen af stigningen i EU-forbruget.
Moreover, the Union producers are said to be under threat on their export markets, as some countries such as Turkey had initiated a safeguard investigation.
Generelt blev den markedsandel EU-erhvervsgrenen tabte (– 5,2 procentpoint) i den betragtede periode overtaget af importen fra Kina (+ 4,2 procentpoint).
The risk of aggravation would also be linked to massive overcapacities in the PRC, where unused capacities represent about 40 % of current Chinese exports.
Analysen af skadesindikatorerne i betragtning 155-203 viser, at EU-erhvervsgrenens økonomiske situation og navnlig dens finansielle situation er blevet forværret, hvilket falder sammen med fremkomsten af store mængder dumpingimport fra Kina.
The complainants further feared a structural impact on the EU market of tyres as the additional cost to purchase a high-quality tyre would become less and less possible to justify when the option of multiple retreading of a high-quality tyre disappears together with the retreading industry.
Priserne på denne import underbød EU-erhvervsgrenens salgspriser og udøvede et betydeligt nedadgående pres på priserne på EU-markedet.
Finally, they foresee a continuous improvement of tyres from the PRC.
De vigtigste faktorer, der skal tages i betragtning i denne sag, er navnlig den voldsomme stigning i importen og det markante prisunderbud.
If higher-quality tyres from the PRC were allowed to compete with Union tyres at dumped prices, this would reduce the Union tyre industry margins and hence its capacity to invest and innovate.
De kinesiske eksportører var i stand til at øge deres markedsandele betydeligt på bekostning af EU-erhvervsgrenen.
This, in turn, would likely force the Union industry to rely on lower quality tyres requiring limited investment in R & D, further affecting their retreadability.
I undersøgelsesperioden var størstedelen af den samlede mængde af dumpingimporten fra Kina rettet mod segment 3, hvilket tvang flere EU-producenter i dette segment — især SMV-vulkanisører — til at forlade markedet.
The Commission observed at this stage that the ‘Tire Industry Policy’ of the PRC encourages tyre manufacturers to improve on technical aspects and on the branding (such as to implement branding strategies, to increase the popularity and the reputation of the brand, and to continue raising brand value) and noted that a parallel anti-subsidy case is ongoing.
Som forklaret i betragtning 137 fastslog Kommissionen, at sådanne store mængder til dumpede priser har påvirket prisfastsættelsen.
Therefore, in view of the above, it invited parties to comment on the points brought forward by the complainants in the previous recital in order to allow it to analyse these points in detail for the definitive stage.
Førhen blev prisfastsættelsen etableret i segment 1, dvs. at prisen i segment 2 blev fastsat ud fra prisen i segment 1, og prisen i segment 3 blev fastsat ud fra prisen i segment 2.
CAUSATION
Denne tendens er nu vendt rundt: prisen i segment 2 fastsættes ud fra prisen i segment 3, og prisen i segment 1 fastsættes ud fra prisen i segment 2.
In accordance with Article 3(6) of the basic Regulation, the Commission examined whether the dumped imports from the country concerned caused material injury to the Union industry.
Dette førte til et fald i salgspriserne i alle segmenter.
In accordance with Article 3(7) of the basic Regulation, the Commission also examined whether other known factors could at the same time have injured the Union industry.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor foreløbigt, at den kraftige stigning i dumpingimporten fra Kina har haft en afgørende indflydelse på den væsentlige skade, som EU-erhvervsgrenen har lidt.
The Commission ensured that any possible injury caused by factors other than the dumped imports from the country concerned was not attributed to the dumped imports.
Andre faktorer, der blev undersøgt i årsagssammenhængsanalysen, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 7, var: importen fra andre lande, EU-erhvervsgrenens eksportresultater og udviklingen i EU-erhvervsgrenens omkostninger.
Those factors are: imports from other third countries, export sales performance of the Union producers and costs evolution.
Importmængden fra andre tredjelande udviklede sig som følger i den betragtede periode:
Prices of dumped imports from the PRC significantly undercut Union industry prices during the investigation period with undercutting margins ranging from 21 % to 31 % leading to decreasing market share and profitability for the Union industry (respectively from 72,0 % to 66,8 % and from 15,6 % in 2014 to 13,7 % during the period considered).
Tabel 18
In effect, during the period considered the Union industry sales volume slightly decreased whilst the import volume from the PRC rose by 32 % and thus seizing the bulk of the increase in Union consumption.
Kilde: Eurostat.
Overall, during the period considered, the Union industry's loss of market share (– 5,2 percentage points) was taken by the Chinese imports (+ 4,2 percentage points).
Land
The analysis of the injury indicators in recitals (155) to (203) shows that the economic situation of the Union industry, and in particular its financial situation, has worsened and this coincides with the arrival of large volumes of dumped imports from the PRC.
Tyrkiet
The prices of these imports undercut those of the Union industry and have exerted a significant downward pressure on prices in the Union market.
Importmængde fra Tyrkiet
Indeed, it is the steep increase of imports and the substantial price undercutting found that are the chief factors to be considered in this case.
Indeks (2014 = 100)
Chinese exporters managed to increase significantly its market share at the expense of the Union industry.
Enhedsimportpriser fra Tyrkiet
During the investigation period, the majority of the total volume of dumped Chinese imports concentrates on tier 3, forcing several of Union producers in that tier, in particular SME retreaders, to exit the market.
Andel af den samlede importmængde til Unionen (%)
In addition, as explained in recital (137) the Commission established that such high volumes at dumped prices have affected the price setting.
Sydkorea
Previously, the price setting was driven by tier 1, i.e. tier 2 prices were established in relation to tier 1 and tier 3 in relation to tier 2.
Importen fra Sydkorea
Now this was reversed: tier 2 price is established on the basis of tier 3 and tier 1 on the basis of tier 2.
Enhedsimportpriser fra Sydkorea
This resulted in a decrease of selling prices in all tiers.
Importmængde fra Japan
The Commission thus provisionally concluded that the surge of dumped imports from the PRC had a determining role in the material injury suffered by the Union industry.
Enhedsimportpriser fra Japan
Other factors which were examined in the causality analysis in accordance with Article 3(7) of the basic Regulation were: the imports from other countries, export performance of the Union industry and evolution of costs of the Union industry.
Importmængde fra Rusland
The volume of imports from other third countries developed over the period considered as follows:
Enhedsimportpris fra Rusland
Table 18
Enhedsimportpris fra Thailand
Country
Andre tredjelande
Turkey
Importmængder fra alle andre lande
Volume of imports from Turkey
Enhedsimportpriser fra alle andre lande
Index (2014 = 100)
I alt — alle andre tredjelande end Kina
Unit import prices from Turkey
Ud af den samlede import fra andre tredjelande var det kun importen fra Rusland, der havde gennemsnitlige priser svarende til importen fra Kina.
Korea
De gennemsnitlige priser på importen af den pågældende vare var klart højere end gennemsnitspriserne for importen fra Kina.
Volume of imports from Korea
Markedsandelen for importen af den pågældende vare fra Rusland steg fra 0,9 % til 1,3 % i den betragtede periode.
Unit import prices from Korea