natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Aftalen [G], sektion 13 (Compensation).
License Agreement, section 3.2, provides: ‘Third Party Materials, From time to time during the Term, AEU [LuxOpCo] may license or otherwise acquire rights to or ownership of third party materials, which AEU [LuxOpCo] may use in connection with the Licensed Purpose (‘Third Party Materials’).
Aftale [H], punkt 2.1 (Mirror Site: Development) og aftale [B], punkt 2.1 (Mirror Site: Development).
If in connection with obtaining a license to Third Party Materials, AEU [LuxOpCo] acquires the right to sublicense such Third Party Materials to Amazon EHT [LuxSCS], then AEU [LuxOpCo] hereby grants to Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] a royalty free and non-exclusive right and license to use such Third Party Materials during the Term in the same manner as and for the same purposes that such Third Party Materials have been licensed to AEU [LuxOpCo].
Agreement, punkt 5.2 (Existing Customer Information Delivery) og aftale [B], punkt 5.2 (Existing Customer Information Delivery).
If AEU [LuxOpCo] acquires ownership of any Third Party Materials, then AEU [LuxOpCo] hereby grants Amazon EHT [LuxSCS] a royalty free and non-exclusive tight and license to use such Third Party Materials during the Term to the full extent that AEU [LuxOpCo] can use such Third Party Materials as the owner of the Third Party Material ’.
Aftale [H], punkt 9.2 (Licenses) og aftale [B], sektion 10.2 (Licenses).
Amazon's submission of 18 January 2016: ‘Both LuxOpCo and ASE rely on the Intangibles in operating their businesses. Inventory risk management, pricing, fulfilment, management and third party registration on Amazon's marketplaces, to name a few, are automated to a very large extent and the required technology is licensed from LuxSCS. As a result of this automation, these functions require limited involvement from LuxOpCo and ASE's employees beyond monitoring and management’.
Amazons brev af 22. maj 2016.
License Agreement, paragraph 2.1(a) (Exclusive Intellectual Property License Grant).
skal betale royalty til […].
See footnote 64.
Hvis royalties betales med løn […], bliver royaltyen dog justeret […].
Service Agreements, paragraph 3.1 (Use by Provider).
Som fastsat i licensaftalens punkt 9.7 (Binding effect, Assignment), var hver af parterne berettiget til at overdrage sine rettigheder og forpligtelser i henhold til denne aftale uden den anden parts samtykke, forudsat at modtageren er et selskab beslægtet med overdrageren.
Service Agreements, paragraph 3.2 (Ownership by Company).
gebyr.
License Agreement, paragraph 4.1 (Term).
gebyr, som skal betales af […].
License Agreement, paragraph 4.2 (Immediate Termination upon Notice for Change of Control or Substantial Encumbrance).
at opnå et afkast på [1-10] % til [1-10] % på sine omkostninger for ydelsen af sin andel af tjenesterne.
License Agreement, paragraph 4.3 (Termination After Failure to Cure of Performance).
Ifølge betragtning 39 a. i APA-anmodningen fra 2014 […].
Luxembourg's submissions of 21 November 2014, Annex 4.
2014-anmodningen om skatteafgørelse af 2. april 2014, stk. 39 a, s. 11.
See Recital 128 for the definitions of terms used in the License Fee calculation.
2014-anmodningen om skatteafgørelse af 2. april 2014, stk. 39 c, s. 11.
Following the amendment, ‘EU Operating Profits’ means EU Revenue minus EU COGS and EU Operating Expenses and, as agreed upon by the Parties from time to time, certain expenses, at cost, not included in the AEU Operating Expenses.
Artikel 159, stk. 1, LIR: »Sont considérés comme contribuables résidents passibles de l'impôt sur le revenu des collectivités, les organismes à caractère collectif énumérés ci-après, pour autant que leur siège statutaire ou leur administration centrale se trouve sur le territoire du Grand-Duché.« Artikel 159, stk. 2, LIR: »L'impôt sur le revenu des collectivités porte sur l'ensemble des revenus du contribuable«.
See footnote 84.
Artikel 160 LIR: »Sont passibles de l'impôt sur le revenu des collectivités pour leur revenu indigène au sens de l'article 156, les organismes à caractère collectif de l'article 159 qui n'ont ni leur siège statutaire, ni leur administration centrale sur le territoire du Grand-Duché«.
As explained in Recital 102, Amazon's European structure, as referred to in the ruling request and as endorsed by the contested tax ruling, was put into place from May 2006-June 2014.
Artikel 156 LIR: »Sont considérés comme revenus indigènes des contribuables non-résidents: 1. le bénéfice commercial au sens des articles 14 et 15: a) lorsqu'il est réalisé directement ou indirectement par un établissement stable ou un représentant permanent au Grand-Duché, excepté toutefois lorsque le représentant permanent est négociant en gros, commissionnaire ou représentant de commerce indépendant«.
In June 2014, that structure was changed.
Luxembourgs selskabsskat består af en selskabsskat på overskud (»impôt sur le revenue des collectivités« eller »IRC«), der beskattes med 21 %, og selskaber hjemmehørende i byen Luxembourg svarer endvidere 6,75 % af overskuddet i kommuneskat ( »impôt commercial communal«).
As explained in Amazon's letter of 31 October 2003, p. 4: ‘Notwithstanding the tax transparency of LuxSCS, it would have been subject to municipal business tax (Article 2 MBTL) on its profits if these profits are derived by a permanent establishment situated in Luxembourg from the carrying out of a ‘commercial activity’ as defined by Article 14-1 ITL ’.
Dertil kommer et tillæg på 5 % til skattesatsen på 21 % til en beskæftigelsesfond, beregnet på grundlag af IRC.
This letter and Amazon's letter of 31 October 2003 were supplemented with additional information on the restructuring in Amazon's letters to the Luxembourg tax administration of 5 December 2004, 14 April 2006 and 20 April 2006.
I 2012 blev solidaritetsbidraget forhøjet fra 5 % til 7 % med virkning fra skatteåret 2013.
The Luxembourg tax administration confirmed in its letters to Amazon on 23 December 2004 and 27 April 2006 that: ‘As the changes discussed in your letter of April 14, 2006 and in the letter of April 20, 2006 by Mr […] from [Advisor 1] will have no effect on the taxation of your group's companies, my letter of November 6, 2003 will remain in force.
Med de ændringer, der blev indført for skatteåret 2013, øges den samlede skatteprocent fra 28,80 % til 29,22 % for selskaber hjemmehørende i byen Luxembourg.
So, I have no objections to the content of the letters of April 14, 2006 and April 20, 2006 respectively.’
Derudover er luxembourgske selskaber underlagt en årlig nettoformueskat, der opkræves med 0,5 % af selskabets verdensomspændende nettoværdi pr. 1. januar hvert år.
Amazon's letter of 23 October 2003, p. 5.
Anvendelsen af artikel 164, stk. 3, LIR på finansieringsselskaber er blevet afklaret af de luxembourgske skatteforvaltninger i cirkulære nr. 164/2 af 28. januar 2011 og nr. 164/2 af 8. april 2011, som siden er blevet erstattet af Circulaire du directeur des contributions LIR nr. 56/1 – 56bis/1 du 27 décembre 2016, traitement fiscal des sociétés exerçant de transaktioner de financement intra-groupe.
Amazon's letter of 23 October 2003, p. 6.
Se betragtning 294.
TP Report, see Recital 4.
Cirkulæreskrivelse LIR nr. 164/2 af 28. januar 2011, s. 2.
See TP Report, section 4.1.
Luxembourg har været medlem af OECD siden 7. december 1961.
Overview of Methods.
Den seneste version blev offentliggjort af OECD den 15. juli 2014.
Amazon's letter of 23 October 2003, p. 3-4.
Se OECD TP retningslinjer 1995, punkt 1.13; Se også OECD TP retningslinjer 2010 og 2017, punkt 1.14.
The management is expected to account for 8-10 FTEs, and includes the following positions: General Manager Europe, Luxembourg Country Manager, Director, Pan-European Supply Chain, Director, Pan-European Operational Excellence, Director, Pan-European Operations Engineering, Director of Information Technology, Director of Operations Finance, Europe and Director of Operations Finance, Europe.
Den separate enhedstilgang er forklaret i forordet til OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing, punkt 6: »Anvendelsen af den separate enhedstilgang til koncerninterne transaktioner kræver, at de enkelte koncerndeltagere beskattes ud fra det grundlag, at de handler ud fra armslængdeprincippet i deres forhold til hinanden.
Amazon's letter of 23 October 2003, p. 4.
Forholdet mellem deltagerne i multinationale selskaber kan dog tillade deltagerne at oprette særlige vilkår i deres koncerninterne forbindelser, der adskiller sig fra dem, der ville være blevet etableret, hvis gruppemedlemmerne fungerede som uafhængige virksomheder, der opererer på det frie marked.
TP Report, p. 14.
For at sikre en korrekt anvendelse af den separate enhedstilgang har OECD-medlemslandene vedtaget armslængdeprincippet, hvilket bør fjerne virkningen af særlige betingelser for fortjenstniveauet.« Se også OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2010, punkt 1.6.
TP Report, p. 29.
Begrundelsen for denne tilgang er, at OECD's kommentarer og retningslinjer, herunder OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995 og 2010, anses at udtrykke den internationale konsensus vedrørende anvendelsen af principperne i OECD's modelbeskatningsoverenskomst, jf. også Kommentarer til OECD's modelbeskatningsoverenskomst 2010, punkt 35.
TP Report, p. 20-21.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing for multinationale selskaber og skatteforvaltninger, 22. juli 2010.
Amazon's submission of 28 October 2015: ‘Meeting with the Case Team’, p. 8.
OECD's retningslinjerne for transfer pricing for 2017 afspejler de præciseringer og revisioner, der blev vedtaget i BEPS-rapporterne om aktioner 8-10 om Tilpasning af transfer pricing med værdiskabelse i 2015 og aktion 13 Transfer pricing-dokumentation og rapportering fra land til land.
USD 7 million in the first year and USD 8 million in the second year of the contract; in: Amazon internal document: Agreement between Amazon and [A], p. 155.
De indeholder også den reviderede vejledning om beskyttelsesordninger, der blev godkendt i 2013, som anerkender, at korrekt udformede beskyttelsesordninger kan bidrage til at lette nogle af overholdelsesbyrderne og give skatteyderne større sikkerhed.
Ranging from USD 7 million in the second year of the agreement to USD 35 million in the fifth year; in: Amazon internal document: Agreement between Amazon and [A], p. 155.
Endelig indeholder denne udgave også overensstemmelsesændringer, der blev foretaget i resten af OECD's retningslinjer om transfer pricing.
Initially 5 %, diminishing to 4 % in the fourth and the subsequent years; in: Amazon internal document: Agreement between Amazon and [A], p. 157.
Rapporten blev offentliggjort den 5. oktober 2015 og godkendt af OECD-Rådet den 23. juli 2016.
TP Report, p. 28.
OECD (2015), Aligning Transfer Pricing Outcomes with value Creation, Actions 8-10 – 2015 Final Reports, BEPS Project, Revisions to Chapter VI of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines.
The Amadeus database is a database of financial information for public and private companies across Europe.
OECD (2015) Aligning Transfer Pricing Outcomes with value Creation, Actions 8-10 – 2015 Final Reports, BEPS Project, Revisions to Chapter VIII of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines.
It is maintained by Bureau van Dijk, or BvD, a publisher of company information and business intelligence.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 1.68; OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, punkt 2.9, OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, punkt 2.9, at »[s]uch other methods should however not be used in substitution for OECD-recognised methods where the latter are more appropriate to the facts and circumstances of the case«.
The tax advisor limited the search to the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995. kapitel II og III; OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, del II og III.
The following keyword search terms were used: Computational, Design, Marketing, Merchandising, Programming, Promotion, Services, Web Design.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 3.49 fastslår: »Traditional transaction methods are to be preferred over transactional profit methods as a means of establishing whether a transfer price is at arm's length, i.e. whether there is a special condition affecting the level of profits between associated enterprises.
Algoriel, Askell, Decade, Seresco SA, Societe de Gestion de Terminaux Informatiques, Solutec and Sydelis.
To date, practical experience has shown that in the majority of cases, it is possible to apply traditional transaction methods.« OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, punkt 2.3 fastslår: »As a result, where, taking account of the criteria described at paragraph 2.2, a traditional transaction method and a transactional profit method can be applied in an equally reliable manner, the traditional transaction method is preferable to the transactional profit method«.
TP Report, Annex V.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 2.7: »Where it is possible to locate comparable uncontrolled transactions, the CUP Method is the most direct and reliable way to apply the arm's length principle.
TP Report, Annex V, p. 46.
Consequently, in such cases the CUP Method is preferable over all other methods.« Se også OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2010, punkt 2.14, og OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, punkt 2.15.
TP Report, p. 31.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 2.7: »Following the principles in Chapter I, an uncontrolled transaction is comparable to a controlled transaction (i.e. it is a comparable uncontrolled transaction) for purposes of the CUP method if one of two conditions is met: a) none of the differences (if any) between the transactions being compared or between the enterprises undertaking those transactions could materially affect the price in the open market; or, b) reasonably accurate adjustments can be made to eliminate the material effects of such differences«.
TP Report, p. 32.
Se også OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2010, punkt 2.14, og OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, punkt 2.15.
TP Report, p. 34.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 3.2; OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010, punkt 2.58; og OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2017, punkt 2.64.
Due to LuxSCS's treatment as a fiscally transparent entity in Luxembourg, royalty payments from LuxOpCo to LuxSCS are not considered taxable income of LuxSCS in Luxembourg, but of its partners in the US.
Som forklaret i punkt 2.80 i OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010 bør fastsættelsen af resultatniveauindikatoren udelukke ikke-driftsmæssige poster som renteindtægter, udgifter og indkomstskatter.
Moreover, with effect from 1 January 2004, Luxembourg has not imposed any withholding tax on royalty payments on intangible property to non-resident recipients.
Exceptionelle og ekstraordinære poster af engangskarakter bør generelt også udelukkes.
Accordingly, no taxes are levied on LuxSCS's profits by Luxembourg.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, 2010 og 2017, ordliste.
By contrast, since the US does not consider LuxSCS as fiscally transparent, but rather as a separate corporate entity resident in Luxembourg, the taxation of the LuxSCS's partners in the US may be deferred indefinitely, so long as none of LuxSCS's profits are repatriated to the US.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010, punkt 3.18 indeholder følgende anbefaling: »When applying a cost plus, resale price or transactional net margin method as described in Chapter II, it is necessary to choose the party to the transaction for which a financial indicator (mark-up on costs, gross margin, or net profit indicator) is tested.
The different tax treatment of LuxSCS in Luxembourg (fiscally transparent) and in the US (fiscally non-transparent) thus arises from a so-called ‘hybrid mismatch’, i.e. a difference in the Luxembourg and US tax rules on the entity's characterisation.
The choice of the tested party should be consistent with the functional analysis of the transaction.
As explained in Recital 127.
As a general rule, the tested party is the one to which a transfer pricing method can be applied in the most reliable manner and for which the most reliable comparables can be found, i.e. it will most often be the one that has the less complex functional analysis.« Se også, OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, punkt 6.198: »In a transfer pricing analysis where the most appropriate transfer pricing method is the resale price method, the cost-plus method, or the transactional net margin method, the less complex of the parties to the controlled transaction is often selected as the tested party.
These support services included, among others, general administrative, corporate and public relations, accounting and auditing, budgeting, tax and legal support as well as training and employee development.
In many cases, an arm's length price or level of profit for the tested party can be determined without the need to value the intangibles used in connection with the transaction.
Amazon's submission of 21 August 2015, p. 7-8.
That would generally be the case where only the non-tested party uses intangibles«.
[Advisor 3] Report: ‘E-commerce in Europe between 2006 and 2013: dynamics and economics’, 11 May 2017.
Som fastslået i OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 6.26: »In cases involving highly valuable intangible property, it may be difficult to find comparable uncontrolled transactions.
As indicated on p. 7: ‘Online retail is a segment of the e-commerce sector.
It therefore may be difficult to apply the traditional transaction methods and the transactional net margin method, particularly where both parties to the transaction own valuable intangible property or unique assets used in the transaction that distinguish the transaction from those of potential competitors.
Online retail focusses on online sales of physical goods by online retailers, i.e., operators purchasing goods, holding them in their inventory and selling these goods online.’
In such cases the profit split method may be relevant although there may be practical problems in its application.« Og videre i 2010 OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010, punkt 2.59: »A transactional net margin method is unlikely to be reliable if each party to a transaction makes valuable, unique contributions […] In such a case, a transactional profit split method will generally be the most appropriate method, […].
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, Preamble, p. 7.
However, a one-sided method (traditional transaction method or transactional net margin method) may be applicable in cases where one of the parties makes all the unique contributions involved in the controlled transaction, while the other party does not make any unique contribution«.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.
OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 1995, punkt 3.7; og OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2010, punkt 2.109 og 2.115.
18 and 67, p. 8 and p. 30.
OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 1995, punkt 1.45- 1.48, og OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, punkt 3.55-3.62.
[Advisor 3] Report, par.
Kvartiler i en række data er tre punkter, der deler tallene i sættet rangeret fra det mindste til største i fire lige store sæt, dvs. 25 % af dataene er i 25-percentilen (også kaldet lavere kvartil), 50 % af dataene er under eller lig med det andet kvartil, som er medianen af sættet, og 75 % af dataene er under eller lig med det 75. percentil (også kaldet øvre kvartil).
18.
OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 1995, punkt 1.48, og OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2010 og 2017, punkt 3.62.
As explained in par.
OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, kapitel VI, og BEPS Actions 8-10 Final Report, s. 63-117.
20 of the [Advisor 3] Report, ‘[t]he main difference between traditional retailers and online retailers lies in the product distribution channel used: Online retailers sell their products through a website and deliver them to customers using advanced information systems and complex logistics infrastructure without physical stores. Their cost structure reflects the investments in the IT and in shipping and logistics infrastructure and technology; Traditional physical retailers distribute their products in stores, and bear the costs of renting the physical outlets, which are not borne by online retailers’.
OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 1995 og 2010, punkt 6.14, og OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, punkt 6.112.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.
Dette fokus bekræftes yderligere i OECD's retningslinjer for transfer pricing 2017, punkt 6.42: »While determining legal ownership and contractual arrangements is an important first step in the analysis, these determinations are separate and distinct from the question of remuneration under the arm's length principle.
24-25, p. 11.
For transfer pricing purposes, legal ownership of intangibles, by itself, does not confer any right ultimately to retain returns derived by the MNE [multinational enterprise] group from exploiting the intangible, even though such returns may initially accrue to the legal owner as a result of its legal or contractual right to exploit the intangible.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.
The return ultimately retained by or attributed to the legal owner depends upon the functions it performs, the assets it uses, and the risks it assumes, and upon the contributions made by other MNE [multinational enterprise] group members through their functions performed, assets used, and risks assumed«.
29, p. 13.
OECD's vejledning i transfer pricing 2017, kapitel VI, og BEPS Actions 8-10 Final Report, s. 141-160.
The report indicates that this would be the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy.
OECD TP retningslinjer 1995, 2010 og 2017, punkt 7.9 og 7.10.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.11, p. 5.
EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum, JTPF-rapport: Guidelines on low value adding intra-group services, møde den 4. februar 2010, tilgængelig på: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/docs/body/jtpf_020_rev3_2009.pdf.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.12, p. 5.
JTPF-rapporten 2010, punkt 59-60.
[Advisor 3] Report, 11 May 2017, par.
JTPF-rapporten 2010, punkt 62
77, p. 33-34.
For fuldstændighedens skyld bemærkes det, at en del af lønudgifterne kan medregnes i COGS, når den del er direkte knyttet til produktionen.
See Amazon.com Inc., 2016 Annual Report, p. 3: ‘We serve consumers through our retail websites and focus on selection, price, and convenience’.
Se betragtning 38 i åbningsafgørelsen.
Amazon offers a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes electronics and general merchandise as well as media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, video, games, and software; Amazon.com, Inc.
I tabel 17 står EBITDATA for det konventionelle akronym af »indtjening før renter, afgifter, afskrivninger og amortisering«.
2016 Annual Report, p. 68.
Kommissionens beslutning af 7. oktober 2014 om åbning af proceduren iht. artikel 108, stk. 2, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde, C (2014) 7156 endelig udgave.
Convenience is based on continuous innovation in software development, merchandising and management; See Amazon.com Inc., 2006 Annual Report, p. 4.
0,45 % og 0,55 % henholdsvis for europæisk omsætning, som illustreret i figur 1.
As further confirmed by statements of Amazon employees, see email of [Senior Vice President Product Management – Retail, Amazon Corporate LLC, US], dated 16 June 2008, in: Deposition of [Vice President International Retail, Amazon Corporate LLC, US, former Head of European Retail Business, responsible for all retail operations in Europe, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg] – Exhibit 25: ‘We need to continue to focus on the retail basics: driving down COGS, driving fast track in-stock, category expansion, selection expansion within categories.’ and Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vice President Sales International, Amazon Corporate LLC, US, former Head of European Third Party Business (such as Marketplace), LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 4 November 2014, par.