natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
You have to pay attention to the product that you're selling, right, because every product comes with different characteristics and one thing might be more important here, might be more important there.
It also includes the revised guidance on safe harbours approved in 2013 which recognises that properly designed safe harbours can help to relieve some compliance burdens and provide taxpayers with greater certainty.
The brand name itself I think has only become important because we filled it with life.«; Vidneerklæring [vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 146, afsnit 13-25: »Why doesn't brand help you build your business?
Finally, this edition also contains consistency changes that were made to the rest of the OECD TP Guidelines.
A. Not at all.
The report was published on 5 October 2015 and approved by the OECD Council on 23 July 2016.
You need, you need something behind that name.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, chapter II, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, part II.
I've been talking about and do all that stuff.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.68; 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.9.
I mean, it's, it's not enough to just say we're an online store.
In this respect, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.9 stresses that ‘[s]uch other methods should however not be used in substitution for OECD-recognised methods where the latter are more appropriate to the facts and circumstances of the case’.
I mean, you need to bring it alive, right?
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, chapter II and III; 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, part II and III.
So that's what's driving it«.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 3.49 provides: ‘Traditional transaction methods are to be preferred over transactional profit methods as a means of establishing whether a transfer price is at arm's length, i.e. whether there is a special condition affecting the level of profits between associated enterprises. To date, practical experience has shown that in the majority of cases, it is possible to apply traditional transaction methods.’ 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.3 provides: ‘As a result, where, taking account of the criteria described at paragraph 2.2, a traditional transaction method and a transactional profit method can be applied in an equally reliable manner, the traditional transaction method is preferable to the transactional profit method’.
Amazon Final Transcripts [Senior Vice President Product Management — Retail, Amazon Corporate LLC, US], 4. november 2014, afsnit 727:25, afsnit 728:1-8, afsnit 625:4-7, afsnit 685:5-9.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines; paragraph 2.7: ‘Where it is possible to locate comparable uncontrolled transactions, the CUP Method is the most direct and reliable way to apply the arm's length principle.
Amazon Final Transcripts [seniorvicedirektør, finansdirektør — detail, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 17. november 2014, afsnit 2848:22-25: »They don't really care where they get it from.
Consequently, in such cases the CUP Method is preferable over all other methods.’
They want to get it quickly.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines; paragraph 2.7: ‘Following the principles in Chapter I, an uncontrolled transaction is comparable to a controlled transaction (i.e. it is a comparable uncontrolled transaction) for purposes of the CUP method if one of two conditions is met: a) none of the differences (if any) between the transactions being compared or between the enterprises undertaking those transactions could materially affect the price in the open market; or, b) reasonably accurate adjustments can be made to eliminate the material effects of such differences’.
And so those are the attributes that matter to customers.«; afsnit 2852:11-17: »At the end of the day, you know, I don't think a customer really cares once they have that item that they want and in their home or wherever, where that item came from.
See also the 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.14 and the 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.15.
The item is the item.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 3.2; 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.58; and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.64.
Se afsnit 2.3.2.1.
1995, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, Glossary.
Amazon Final Transcripts [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 5. november 2014, afsnit 976: 5-17.
2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 3.18 provides for the following recommendation: ‘When applying a cost plus, resale price or transactional net margin method as described in Chapter II, it is necessary to choose the party to the transaction for which a financial indicator (mark-up on costs, gross margin, or net profit indicator) is tested.
Se Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør for europæisk detailhandel, ansvarlig for alle detailprocesser i Europa, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg, tidligere landechef for Frankrig, Amazon.fr SAS, Clichy, Frankrig], 5. november 2014, afsnit 905: 1-10: »So did the brand name help?
The choice of the tested party should be consistent with the functional analysis of the transaction.
You know, I think that it wasn't helping in the sense of building selection and trying to get vendors to come on board locally. […].«
As a general rule, the tested party is the one to which a transfer pricing method can be applied in the most reliable manner and for which the most reliable comparables can be found, i.e. it will most often be the one that has the less complex functional analysis.’
Se Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør for internationalt salg, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA, tidligere chef for europæiske tredjepartsforretninger (f.eks. Marketplace), LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 4. november 2014, afsnit 810: 6-21: »Similar, yeah, with the local — yeah, so what's important to me like, you know, and the reason IP exists is that what's really important for UK seller or UK customer is that Amazon.co.uk where the customer knows in the UK, the brand name, the customer knows in the UK Amazon.co.uk that's what the customer types to go and visit our site, www.Amazon — you get it — Amazon.uk, whatever it is. As it is Amazon.fr, Amazon.de, Amazon.it because they are local brands — local brand names, you know, for each of these countries.
See also, 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.198: ‘In a transfer pricing analysis where the most appropriate transfer pricing method is the resale price method, the cost-plus method, or the transactional net margin method, the less complex of the parties to the controlled transaction is often selected as the tested party.
I think that's very important.
In many cases, an arm's length price or level of profit for the tested party can be determined without the need to value the intangibles used in connection with the transaction.
Q. Okay.
That would generally be the case where only the non-tested party uses intangibles’.
A. If you ask my dad, he knows Amazon.fr, you know, not Amazon.com because that's what he types, you know, to go to the France site to buy products in his local market.« Se også Amazon Final Transcripts [vicedirektør for international detailhandel, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA, tidligere chef for europæisk detailvirksomhed, ansvarlig for alle detailprocesser i Europa, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 5. november 2014, afsnit 976: 5-17, som forklarer, at Amazon.de i Tyskland fra starten havde et ønske om at blive opfattet som en tysk forretning med tyske ansatte, distribution fra Tyskland og med tysk kundeservice.
As stated in the 1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.26: ‘In cases involving highly valuable intangible property, it may be difficult to find comparable uncontrolled transactions. It therefore may be difficult to apply the traditional transaction methods and the transactional net margin method, particularly where both parties to the transaction own valuable intangible property or unique assets used in the transaction that distinguish the transaction from those of potential competitors. In such cases the profit split method may be relevant although there may be practical problems in its application.’
Derfor blev Amazon.de udtalt på tysk og ikke på engelsk i Tyskland og gør det stadig.
As further explained in the 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 2.59: ‘A transactional net margin method is unlikely to be reliable if each party to a transaction makes valuable, unique contributions […] In such a case, a transactional profit split method will generally be the most appropriate method,[…].
Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 5. november 2014, afsnit 1001: 8-18: […].
However, a one-sided method (traditional transaction method or transactional net margin method) may be applicable in cases where one of the parties makes all the unique contributions involved in the controlled transaction, while the other party does not make any unique contribution’.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør for internationalt salg, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA, tidligere chef for europæiske tredjepartsforretninger (f.eks. Marketplace), LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 4. november 2014, afsnit 772: 8-25: »Ja, det gjorde det ikke.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 3.7; 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraphs 2.109 and 2.115.
Du ved, brandnavnet, du ved, Amazon var helt klart et godt navn inden for bøger […].«
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraphs 1.45 to 1.48, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraphs 3.55 to 3.62.
Dette var især tilfældet i Europa, hvor det var sværere at forklare kunderne, at Amazon sælger mere end blot bøger.
Quartiles in a series of data are three points which divide the figures in the set ranked from smallest to largest into four equally populated sets, that is 25 % of the data is in the 25th percentile (also called lower quartile), 50 % of the data is below or equal to the second quartile, which is the median of the set, and 75 % of the data is below or equal to the 75th percentile (also called upper quartile).
Se deponering [Seniorvicedirektør for produktstyring — detail, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 18. september 2014, s. 42: afsnit 8-25, s. 43 afsnit 1-14.
1995 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 1.48, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 3.62.
Deponering [Seniorvicedirektør for produktstyring — detail, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 18. september 2014, s. 41: afsnit 14-21: […]; Deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, afsnit 106, afsnit 20-25, s. 107, afsnit 2-9: […].
2017 OECD TP Guidelines, Chapter VI, and BEPS Actions 8-10 Final Report, p. 63-117.
Deponering [Seniorvicedirektør for forretningsudvikling, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 16. juli 2014, s. 117, afsnit 1-7.
1995 and 2010 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.14, 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.112.
Se betragtning 132.
This focus is further confirmed in the 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 6.42: ‘While determining legal ownership and contractual arrangements is an important first step in the analysis, these determinations are separate and distinct from the question of remuneration under the arm's length principle.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 9. april 2007.
For transfer pricing purposes, legal ownership of intangibles, by itself, does not confer any right ultimately to retain returns derived by the MNE [multinational enterprise] group from exploiting the intangible, even though such returns may initially accrue to the legal owner as a result of its legal or contractual right to exploit the intangible.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 12. april 2010 og den 13. december 2010.
The return ultimately retained by or attributed to the legal owner depends upon the functions it performs, the assets it uses, and the risks it assumes, and upon the contributions made by other MNE [multinational enterprise] group members through their functions performed, assets used, and risks assumed’.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 17. april 2010.
2017 OECD TP Guidelines, Chapter VI, and BEPS Actions 8-10 Final Report, p. 141-160.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 23. august 2010.
1995, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 7.2.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 22. juli 2011.
[306] 1995, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraph 7.29.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 21. august 2007 og den 12. oktober 2009.
1995, 2010 and 2017 OECD TP Guidelines, paragraphs 7.9 and 7.10.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 9. januar 2008.
EU Joint Transfer Pricing Forum, JTPF report: Guidelines on low value adding intra-group services, meeting of 4 February 2010, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/docs/body/jtpf_020_rev3_2009.pdf.
Referat af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 29. januar 2013 og den 29. januar 2014.
2010 JTPF report, paragraphs 59-60.
Bl.a. internt dokument fra Amazon: minutter af LuxOpCos ledelsesmøde den 24. juli 2008, 18. marts 2010; 17. januar 2011 og 7. april 2011.
2010 JTPF report, paragraph 62.
Det Forenede Kongeriges Underhus: Mundtligt vidnesbyrd foretaget foran Statsrevisoratet mandag den 12. november 2012: Vidneudsagn fra Cecil: »All the strategic functions for our business in Europe are based in Luxembourg.
For completeness it is noted that a portion of the labour costs can be included in COGS, when it is directly associated with the production.
That could be our retail business, our third-party-business, our transportation teams, our customer service, HR, finance…«: i: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmpubacc/716/121112.htm.
See Recital 38 of the Opening Decision.
Det Forenede Kongeriges Underhus: Rapport om HMRC's redegørelser for 2011-2012 — Skriftligt vidnesbyrd fra Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] af Andrew Cecil, 13. november 2012: »Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] owns the inventory, earns the profits associated with the selling these products to end customers and bears the risk of any loss.
In Table 17, EBITDA stands for the conventional acronym of ‘earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation’.
From Luxembourg, Amazon EU Sarl processes and settles payments from its European customers.« tilgængelig på: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmpubacc/writev/716/m03.htm.
The Commission's decision of 7 October 2014 to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 108(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, C(2014) 7156 final.
Se figur 3 og betragtning 180.
0,45 % and 0,55 % on European turnover respectively, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Det Forenede Kongeriges Underhus: Rapport om HMRC's redegørelser for 2011-2012 — Skriftligt vidnesbyrd fra Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] af Andrew Cecil, 13. november 2012: »Fulfilment and customer service centres located in the UK are operated by Amazon.co.uk Ltd, a UK company.
Previously, Article 10(2) of Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Amazon.co.uk Ltd earns a margin on its operating costs for providing services performed in the UK to group companies, primarily to Amazon EU Sarl.
In its submission of 21 November 2014, par.
The services provided include fulfilment and logistics services; customer support services; accountancy, tax, legal, human resources, localisation and similar back office services; merchandising and marketing support services; and purchasing assistance.« tilgængelig på: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmpubacc/writev/716/m03.htm.
43, Luxembourg refers to the report of the Code of Conduct Group on Business Taxation, presented to the Council on 27 May 2011: ‘With respect to the Luxembourg tax measure concerning companies engaged in intra-group financing activities the Group discussed the agreed description at the meeting on 17 February 2011.
Det Forenede Kongeriges Underhus: Mundtligt vidnesbyrd foretaget foran Statsrevisoratet mandag den 12. november 2012: Vidneudsagn fra Cecil: »The inventory of goods that are in our fulfilment centres across Europe belongs to Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] and does not belong to the local entities that we may have across Europe.«; »Amazon.co.uk is a service company in the UK providing services to Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] for which it receives payment.« tilgængelig på: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmpubacc/716/121112.htm.
Luxembourg informed the Group that Circular no. 164/2 dated 28 January 2011 determines the conditions for providing advance pricing agreements confirming the remuneration of the transactions. […] With the benefit of this information, the Group agreed that there was no need for this measure to be assessed against the criteria of the Code of Conduct’.
Se også: Det Forenede Kongeriges Underhus: Rapport om HMRC's redegørelser for 2011-2012 — Skriftligt vidnesbyrd fra Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo] af Andrew Cecil, 13. november 2012 »Fulfilment and customer service centres located in the UK are operated by Amazon.co.uk Ltd, a UK company.
Luxembourg's submission of 21 November 2014, par.
Amazon.co.uk Ltd earns a margin on its operating costs for providing services performed in the UK to group companies, primarily to Amazon EU Sarl [LuxOpCo].
44: ‘At its meeting on 6 December 2011, the OECD Forum on Harmful Tax Practices agreed that 10 systems did not have to be subject to further examination, one of which was the advance tax analysis of intra-group financing carried out in Luxembourg’.
The services provided include fulfilment and logistics services; customer support services; accountancy, tax, legal, human resources, localisation and similar back office services; merchandising and marketing support services; and purchasing assistance.« tilgængelig på: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmpubacc/writev/716/m03.htm.
In its submission of 21 November 2014, par.
Se Amazons indsendelse fra den 22. juli 2016 »Amazon's Technology-Centric E-tailing-Business«.
73, Luxembourg refers to the Commission Decision in case SA.32225 of 2 October 2013: Expropriation compensation of Nedalco in Bergen op Zoom.
Amazons briefing efter retssagen, 2017 efterfølgende TP-rapport, s. 34, afsnit 91.
Case T-219/10 Autogrill España v Commission ECLI:EU:T:2014:939, paragraphs 44 and 45.
Se deponering [Chef for internationale skatter og skattepolitik, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 24. april 2014, s. 129, afsnit 18-25, s. 130, afsnit 2; 6-15: […].
By letter of 5 December 2004 Amazon informed Luxembourg that the restructuring would be completed only in 2006 and asked for the contested tax ruling to be applicable for the first five years as of then.
Se deponering [Chef for internationale skatter og skattepolitik, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 24. april 2014, s. 126, afsnit 9-25, s. 127: 2-25, s. 129 afsnit 2-5: […].
On 23 December 2004, Luxembourg confirmed that the described delay does not affect the agreement of 6 November 2003, provided that other stipulations of the request of 23 October 2003 are maintained.
Se e-mail fra [Seniorvicedirektør for produktstyring — detail, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], dateret 16. juni 2008, (i: Deponering [Vicedirektør for international detailhandel, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA, tidligere chef for europæisk detailvirksomhed, ansvarlig for alle detailprocesser i Europa, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg] — Deponeringsbevismateriale 25): […].; Deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 61, afsnit 8-25, s. 62, afsnit 2: […]; og deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 32, afsnit 14-25, s. 33, afsnit 2-25, s. 34, afsnit 2-12: […].
Amazon refers to the following State aid cases where, according to Amazon, a particular tax rule served as the reference framework: Commission Decision 2011/282/EU of 12 January 2011 on the tax amortisation of financial goodwill for foreign shareholding acquisitions No C 45/07 (ex NN 51/07, ex CP 9/07) implemented by Spain (OJ L 135, 21.5.2011, p. 1); Commission Decision 2007/256/EC of 20 December 2006 on the aid scheme implemented by France under Article 39 CA of the General Tax Code — State aid C 46/2004 (ex NN 65/2004) (OJ L 112, 30.4.2007, p. 41), paragraph 86; Case C-6/12, P Oy, paragraphs 22-31; Joined Cases C-78/08 to C-80/08, Paint Graphos, paragraph 50.
Deponering [Seniorvicedirektør for produktstyring — detail, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 18. september 2014, s. 41-106, afsnit 1121-1525, s. 107, afsnit 1-3: […].
Reference is made to Decision 2011/282/EU and Commission Decision 2011/276/EU of 26 May 2010 concerning State aid in the form of a tax settlement agreement implemented by Belgium in favour of Umicore SA (formerly known as Union Minière SA) (State aid C 76/2003 (ex NN 69/2003)) (OJ L 122, 11.5.2011, p. 76), in particular paragraphs 204 and 223.
Deponering [Vicedirektør for international detailhandel, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA, tidligere chef for europæisk detailvirksomhed, ansvarlig for alle detailprocesser i Europa, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg], 7. maj 2014, s. 163, afsnit 25, s. 164, afsnit 1-8.
Amazon's submission of 5 March 2015, Annex 2.
Internt Amazon-dokument: Amazon Who Is Our Customer DE Customers Report, maj 2016, s. 6.
In particular, in Amazon's submission of 5 March 2015, par.
Internt Amazon-dokument: Amazon Who Is Our Customer FR Customers Report, juni 2016, s. 5.
43 to 45 and 49: Amazon refers to Joined Cases C-106/09 P and C-107/99 P Commission and Spain v Government of Gibraltar and United Kingdom, para.
Se deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 227, afsnit 10-12: […].; Deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 228, afsnit 2-8: […].; og deponering [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 13. juni 2014, s. 228, afsnit 9-21: […].
72 and 73 and the case-law cited; Case C-6/12, P Oy, paragraph 17-19, case T-219/10 Autogrill, paragraph 29; and Case C-88/03, Portugal v Commission, paragraph 54 and the case law cited.
Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør og leder for det tyske marked, Amazon Deutschland Services GmbH, München, Tyskland], 5. november 2014, afsnit 1002: 2-12: »So even within a category, there is no magic key that you can just use to turn and everything works in the category.
Amazon illustrates this argument with reference to the tax rulings issued by Luxembourg and published by ICIJ.
It's calling vendors.
Among them Amazon identified 97 rulings, which, according to Amazon, are based on the residual profit split method and within financing arrangements allocate a non-unique return, i.e. fixed financial margin to a Luxembourg entity, while the residual profit is allocated to the holder of a financing instrument.
It's sitting down with the people.
Amazon's submission of 5 March 2015, par.
The majority have local organizations.
97.
You need to convince them that this is a good thing in their local context, that you're going to drive sales and efficiencies, that you're going to not only cannibalize their business, but create incremental opportunity of growth for them.
Amazon's submission of 18 January 2016, p. 6.
It's a very local game«.
Amazon's submission of 5 March 2015, par.
Se e-mail fra [Vicedirektør for økonomi, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA] til [Seniorvicedirektør, økonomidirektør, Amazon Corporate LLC, USA], 2. maj 2006: »Even though we've established Luxembourg as our European headquarters, we will continue to maintain our European country offices and operations facilities in their current locations throughout Europe.
9.
It's important that we maintain our local presence in these countries, as we want each site to reflect the tastes and preferences of our customers in these locations.«; Amazon Final Transcripts: [Vicedirektør for europæisk detailhandel, ansvarlig for alle detailprocesser i Europa, LuxOpCo, Luxembourg, tidligere landechef for Frankrig, Amazon.fr SAS, Clichy, Frankrig], 5. november 2014, afsnit 909:10-17: »Brands are relevant on a national level.
[Advisor 4], ‘Benchmark Company Search for European Management Companies for 2010-2012’, 5 February 2014.