natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ikke samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker
The publicly available information further confirmed that the above provisions are applied in practice.
Som anført i afsnit 3.3 besvarede ingen af de andre statsejede banker, der ydede lån til de stikprøveudtagne eksporterende producenter, det særlige spørgeskema.
For example the 2016 annual report of ICBC states inter alia that ‘Bank actively implemented national policies, further supported the supply-side structural reform, […]The Bank continued to bolster the government's key programs and significant construction projects, and proactively aligned with the national development strategies on the “four regions” (western regions, northeastern regions, eastern regions and central regions) and the “three supporting belts” (the “Belt and Road” initiative, the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone)’.
I overensstemmelse med konklusionerne i betragtning 141-155 besluttede Kommissionen derfor at anvende de foreliggende faktiske oplysninger til at afgøre, om disse statsejede banker kan betragtes som offentlige organer.
The Commission also found that the China Banking and Regulatory Commission (‘CBRC’) has far-reaching approval authority over all aspects of the management of all financial institutions established in the PRC (including privately owned and foreign owned financial institutions), such as:
I forbindelse med antisubsidieundersøgelsen af importen af visse varmvalsede flade produkter af jern og ulegeret stål eller andre former for legeret stål med oprindelse i Folkerepublikken Kina fastslog Kommissionen, at følgende banker, der havde ydet lån, kreditbevillinger eller bankveksler til de fem grupper af stikprøveudtagne eksporterende producenter i denne undersøgelse, delvist eller helt ejes af staten selv eller af statsejede juridiske personer: China Merchants Bank, Shangai Pudong Development Bank, Bank of Ningbo, Everbright bank, Bank of Communications, China Construction Bank, Bohai Bank og Citic Bank.
approval of the appointment of all managers of the financial institutions, both at the level of headquarters and at the level of local branches.
Da der ikke er blevet fremlagt oplysninger om det modsatte, fastholdt Kommissionen den samme konklusion i den foreliggende undersøgelse.
Approval of the CBRC is required for the recruitment of all levels of management, from the most senior positions down to branch managers, and even includes managers appointed in overseas branches as well as managers responsible for support functions (e.g. the IT managers); and
Kommissionen fastslog endvidere – i mangel af oplysninger fra de pågældende finansielle institutioner om det modsatte – at den kinesiske regerings ejerskab og kontrol var baseret på formelle indicier af samme årsager som anført ovenfor i afsnit 3.5.1.1.
a very long list of administrative approvals, including approvals for setting up branches, for starting new business lines or selling new products, for changing the Articles of Association of the bank, for selling more than 5 % of their shares, for capital increases, for changes of domicile, for changes of organizational form, etc.;
Navnlig – og i mangel af bevis for det modsatte – antages chefer og tilsynsførende i de ikke samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker at være udpeget af den kinesiske regering og ansvarlige over for den kinesiske regering på samme måde som i de samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker.
the Bank law is legally binding.
Hvad angår udøvelsen af betydelig kontrol – og i mangel af oplysninger om det modsatte – fandt Kommissionen, at konklusionerne vedrørende de fire samarbejdsvillige finansielle institutioner også er repræsentative for de ikke samarbejdsvillige statsejede finansielle institutioner.
The mandatory nature of the Five Year Plans and of Decision No. 40 has been established above in section 3.1.
De normative rammer, der er analyseret i afsnit 3.5.1.1., anvendes på dem på samme måde.
The mandatory nature of the CBRC regulatory documents derives from its powers as the banking regulatory authority.
I mangel af oplysninger om det modsatte og ud fra de foreliggende faktiske oplysninger er manglen på konkrete beviser for vurderinger af kreditværdighed derfor gældende på samme måde som for de fire samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker.
The mandatory nature of other documents is demonstrated by the supervision and evaluation clauses which they contain.
I øvrigt har Kommissionen konstateret, at størstedelen af de låneaftaler, der blev ydet til de stikprøveudtagne eksporterende producenter, alle havde lignende betingelser, og at de aftalte udlånsrentesatser også næsten var identiske og delvist sammenfaldende med de rentesatser, der blev ydet til de fire samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker.
On that basis, the Commission concluded that the GOC has created a normative framework that had to be adhered to by the managers and supervisors appointed by the GOC and accountable to the GOC.
Kommissionen har derfor konkluderet, at undersøgelsesresultaterne for de samarbejdsvillige statsejede banker udgjorde de foreliggende faktiske oplysninger i henhold til grundforordningens artikel 28 for vurderingen af de øvrige statsejede banker som følge af disse ligheder angående lånevilkår, udlånssatser og repræsentativiteten for de tre efterprøvede finansielle institutioner.
Therefore, the GOC relied on the normative framework in order to exercise control in a meaningful way over the conduct of the cooperating State-owned banks whenever those were providing loans to the electric bicycle industry.
På det grundlag konkluderede Kommissionen, at hver af de øvrige statsejede banker, som yder lån til en af de stikprøveudtagne eksporterende producenter, er offentlige organer, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3 og artikel 2, litra b).
The Commission also sought concrete proof of the exercise of control in a meaningful way on the basis of concrete loans.
Konklusion om statsejede finansielle institutioner
During the investigation, the cooperating State-owned banks maintained that in practice they had used appropriate credit risk assessment policies and models when granting the loans at issue.
I lyset af ovenstående fandt Kommissionen, at alle de statsejede kinesiske finansielle institutioner, som ydede lån til grupperne af samarbejdsvillige stikprøveudtagne eksporterende producenter, er offentlige organer, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3 og artikel 2, litra b).
However, no concrete examples relating to the sampled exporting producers were provided.
Selv om statsejede finansielle institutioner ikke blev anset for at være offentlige organer, kan det desuden antages, at den kinesiske regering har overdraget eller pålagt dem at udøve funktioner, der normalt udføres af staten, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv), af de samme årsager som anført i betragtning 218-222.
As also explained in recitals (144) to (155) the four cooperating State-owned banks refused to provide information, including their specific credit risk assessments, related to the sampled exporting producers for regulatory reasons and contractual reasons even though the Commission had provided them with a written consent from the sampled exporting producers waiving their confidentiality rights.
Deres adfærd ville dermed under alle omstændigheder kunne tilskrives den kinesiske regering, som forklaret i afsnit 3.5.1.
In the absence of concrete evidence of creditworthiness assessments of the banks, the Commission examined the overall legal environment as set out above in recitals (195) to (202), in combination with the behaviour of the four cooperating State-owned banks with regard to the loans provided to the sampled exporting producers.
Overdragelse og pålæggelse, hvad angår private finansielle institutioner og institutioner, hvis ejere ikke er kendt
This behaviour apparently contrasted with their official stance expressed during the verification visit at the GOC, as in practice they failed to provide any evidence that they are acting based on thorough market-based risk assessments.
Baseret på offentligt tilgængelige oplysninger blev følgende finansielle institutioner anset for at være privatejede: Mizuho Bank (og Mizuho Corporate Bank), Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UF og Minsheng Bank.
The verification visits revealed that with the exception of one exporting producer which did not have any outstanding bank loans during the IP, loans were provided to the four remaining groups of sampled exporting producers at interest rates close to the People's Bank of China (‘PBOC’) benchmark or interbank reference interest rates, regardless of the companies' financial and credit risk situation.
I mangel af både samarbejdsvilje og tilstrækkelige offentligt tilgængelige oplysninger kunne Kommissionen ikke afgøre, om følgende finansielle institutioner var statsejede eller privatejede: Zhejiang Jinhua Chengtai Rural Commerce Bank, Zhejiang Yongkang Rural Commerce Bank og Pufa Bankwere.
Hence, the loans were provided below market rates when compared to the rate corresponding to the risk profile of the four sampled exporting producers.
Ud fra en konservativ tilgang analyserede Kommissionen sidstnævnte ud fra samme metode som ved privatejede finansielle institutioner, og de betegnes herefter som »privatejede finansielle institutioner«.
In addition, one sampled exporting producer had received new loans with similar conditions as the maturing loans on the same day that the old loans were repaid.
Kommissionen analyserede, om disse privatejede finansielle institutioner af den kinesiske regering havde fået overdraget eller var blevet pålagt at yde subsidier til industrien for elektriske cykler, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv).
Thus the arrangement was functioning de facto as a system of revolving loans.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger anfægtede en række interesserede parter, at de kinesiske private banker er »overdraget« eller »pålagt« visse hverv af den kinesiske regering.
Non-cooperating State-owned banks
For det første hævdede en part, at på trods af artikel 34 i den kinesiske banklov, som der henvises til i betragtning 198, forpligter loven ikke bankerne til at tilpasse sig den kinesiske regerings industripolitiske målsætninger.
As set out in section 3.3 above, none of the other State-owned banks which provided loans to the sampled exporting producers replied to the specific questionnaire.
De hævdede, at artikel 34 er en generel erklæring uden praktiske konsekvenser, og at statens industripolitikker kun spiller en vejledende og ikke en styrende rolle.
Therefore, in line with the conclusions reached in recitals (141) to (155)(153) above, the Commission decided to use facts available to determine whether those State-owned banks qualify as public bodies.
Den samme part henviste også til artikel 41 i Kinas banklov til støtte for deres argument om, at den kinesiske regering ikke kan tvinge private banker til bestemte fremgangsmåder.
In the anti-subsidy investigation on imports of certain hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or other alloy steel originating in the People's Republic of China, the Commission established that the following banks which had provided loans, credit lines or bank acceptances to the five sampled groups of exporting producers in this investigation were partially or fully owned by the State itself or by State-held legal persons: China Merchants Bank, Shangai Pudong Development Bank, Bank of Ningbo, Everbright bank, Bank of Communications, China Construction Bank, Bohai Bank and Citic Bank.
Desuden afviste de, at »de private finansielle institutioners udlånsrentesatser hovedsagelig var identiske og delvist sammenfaldende med de rentesatser, som de statsejede finansielle institutioner tilbød«, som det anføres i betragtning 221 som en gyldig indikator for at fastslå overdragelse og pålæggelse.
Since no information has been provided indicating otherwise, the Commission maintained the same conclusion in the present investigation.
Kort sagt hævdede parten, at den foreliggende dokumentation er utilstrækkelig til at påvise overdragelse og pålæggelse.
The Commission further established, absent any information from the financial institutions at issue indicating otherwise, GOC ownership and control based on formal indicia for the same reasons as set out above in section 3.5.1.1 In particular, and absent any evidence indicating otherwise, managers and supervisors in the non-cooperating State-owned bank are assumed to be appointed by the GOC and accountable to the GOC in the same manner as in the cooperating State-owned banks.
For det andet hævdede denne part, at CBRC's beføjelser til at godkende udnævnelsen af ledere og administrative tiltag, jf. betragtning 200, ikke resulterer i en udtrykkelig eller positiv særbehandling i form af delegering eller ordrer.
With regard to the exercise of control in a meaningful manner, and in the absence of any other information, the Commission considered that the findings concerning the four cooperating financial institutions are also representative for the non-cooperating State-owned financial institution.
For det tredje hævdede samme part, at den blotte omstændighed, at private parter ikke handler på en kommercielt logisk måde, ikke er tilstrækkeligt til at påvise overdragelse og pålæggelse.
The normative framework analyzed in section 3.5.1.1 above applies to them in an identical manner.
For det fjerde hævdede en række interesserede parter, at Kommissionen ikke havde foretaget en individuel vurdering af hver finansiel institution, og at en eventuel overdragelse eller pålæggelse ikke kan påvises uden at foretage kontrolbesøg hos de berørte finansielle institutioner.
Thus, absent any indication to the contrary, and on the basis of facts available, the lack of concrete evidence of creditworthiness assessments is valid in the same manner as for the four cooperating State-owned banks.
Endelig hævdede en part, at Kommissionen sammenblandede begreberne »overdragelse« og »pålæggelse«.
Moreover, the Commission observed that the majority of loan contracts provided to the sampled exporting producers had all similar conditions and that the lending rates which had been agreed were also similar and partly overlapped with the rates provided by the four cooperating State-owned banks.
For så vidt angår den første, anden og tredje påstand minder Kommissionen om, at der ikke var noget samarbejde fra de finansielle institutioner eller fra den kinesiske regering, og at der derfor ikke var indgivet nogen dokumentation eller afvigende oplysninger, der var i modstrid med konklusionerne i betragtning 175-222.
The Commission therefore considered that the findings for the cooperating State-owned banks constituted the facts available under Article 28 of the basic Regulation for assessing the other State-owned banks, due to those similarities in loan conditions and lending rates and the representativeness of the three financial institutions that were verified.
Den kinesiske banklov skal desuden undersøges ud fra den samlede tilgængelige dokumentation, hvilket indikerer, at disse erklæringer er mere end blot opmuntring.
On that basis, the Commission concluded that each of the other State-owned banks, which provided loans to one of the sampled exporting producers, is a public body within the meaning of Articles 3 and 2 (b) of the basic Regulation.
Hvad angår den fjerde påstand kunne ingen af de finansielle institutioner vurderes individuelt på grund af den manglende samarbejdsvilje.
Conclusion on State-owned financial institutions
Desuden modsiger offentligt tilgængelige oplysninger fra de kinesiske banker påstanden om, at der ikke foreligger bevis for overdragelse eller pålæggelse, og at den kinesiske regering ikke kan tvinge private banker til bestemte handlinger.
In light of the above considerations the Commission found that all State-owned Chinese financial institutions that provided loans to the sampled groups of cooperating exporting producers are public bodies within the meaning of Articles 3 and 2 (b) of the basic Regulation.
Den kinesiske regering har pålagt disse private banker at nå de offentlige politiske målsætninger til støtte for visse tilskyndede sektorer ved at yde præferencelån.
In addition, even if the State-owned financial institutions were not to be considered as public bodies, they can be considered entrusted and directed by the GOC to carry out functions normally vested in the government, within the meaning of Article 3 (1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation for the same reasons as set out in recitals (218) to (222) below.
I mangel af oplysninger om det modsatte – som anført i betragtning 221 – fastslog Kommissionen desuden, at private banker anvendte de samme betingelser og rentesatser, som offentlige banker.
Thus, their conduct would be attributed to the GOC in any event as explained in section 3.5.1
Dette er et tegn på, at private banker fulgte regeringens udlånspolitik, som den er nedfældet i bankloven og i de forskellige bekendtgørelser fra CBRC.
Entrustment and direction of private financial institutions and institutions whose ownership is not known
Slutteligt blev påstanden om, at Kommissionen sammenblandede begreberne overdragelse og pålæggelse ikke begrundet eller forklaret yderligere.
The following financial institutions were considered to be privately owned, based on publicly available information: Mizuho Bank (and Mizuho Corporate Bank), Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UF and Minsheng Bank.
Kommissionen bemærkede dog, at standarderne vedrørende »overdragelse« og »pålæggelse« ikke gensidigt udelukker hinanden, eftersom regeringen i begge tilfælde anvender et privat organ som stedfortræder til udbetalingen af det finansielle bidrag.
For the following financial institutions, in the absence of cooperation and in the absence of sufficient publicly available information the Commission could not ascertain whether they were State owned or privately owned: Zhejiang Jinhua Chengtai Rural Commerce Bank, Zhejiang Yongkang Rural Commerce Bank and Pufa Bankwere.
Disse påstande måtte derfor afvises.
Following a conservative approach, the Commission analysed the latter in the same manner as privately owned financial institutions and they are referred hereafter as ‘privately owned financial institutions’.
Specificitet
The Commission analysed whether these privately owned financial institutions had been entrusted or directed by the GOC to grant subsidies to the electrical bicycles sector within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Som det fremgår af betragtning 195 til 202 indeholder en række forskrifter, der specifikt er rettet mod virksomheder i industrien for elektriske cykler, pålæg rettet direkte til finansielle institutioner om at yde lån til præferencesatser til industrien for elektriske cykler.
According to the WTO Appellate Body Report ‘United States – Countervailing duty investigation on Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAMS) from Korea’; ‘entrustment’ occurs where a government gives responsibility to a private body and ‘direction’ refers to situations where the government exercises its authority over a private body.
På grundlag af disse dokumenter fremgår det, at de finansielle institutioner kun tilbyder præferencelån til et begrænset antal industrier/virksomheder, der følger den kinesiske regerings relevante politikker.
In both cases, the government uses a private body as a proxy to effectuate the financial contribution, and ‘in most cases, one would expect entrustment or direction of a private body to involve some form of threat or inducement’.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at subsidier i form af præferencelån ikke er alment tilgængelige, men specifikke, jf. grundforordningens artikel 4, stk. 2, litra a).
At the same time, Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation does not allow Members to impose countervailing measures to products ‘whenever the government is merely exercising its general regulatory powers’ or where government intervention ‘may or may not have a particular result simply based on the given factual circumstances and the exercise of free choice by the actors in that market’.
Desuden fremlagde ingen af de interesserede parter bevis for, at præferencelånene er baseret på objektive kriterier eller betingelser, jf. grundforordningens artikel 4, stk. 2, litra b).
Rather, entrustment and direction implies ‘a more active role of the government than mere acts of encouragement’.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger påstod en række interesserede parter, at præferencelån ikke er specifikke for industrien for elektriske cykler, og at de ikke burde betragtes som udligningsberettigede.
The normative framework concerning the electric bicycle industry mentioned above in recitals (195) to (202) applies to all financial institutions in the PRC, including privately owned financial institutions.
De fremførte, at Kommissionen burde have påvist specificiteten på grundlag af positivt bevismateriale.
To illustrate this, the Bank Law and the various orders of the CBRC cover all Chinese-funded and foreign-invested banks under the management of the CBRC.
En af disse parter hævdede endvidere, at den 13. femårsplan netop nævner en bred vifte af andre industrier end elektriske cykler, og at planen ikke fastsætter eller pålægger nogen subsidier, men udelukkende tilskynder til udvikling af de industrier, der er nævnt deri.
Furthermore, the investigation showed that the majority of the loan contracts of the sampled exporting producers had similar conditions, and that the lending rates provided by the private financial institutions were similar in most of the cases and partly overlapped with the rates provided by the publicly owned financial institutions.
Denne part hævdede også, at det ikke kan konkluderes, at bankerne er nødt til at yde lån til en præferencesats.
In the absence of any divergent information received from the private financial institutions, the Commission therefore concluded that, in so far as the electric bicycle is concerned, all financial institutions (including private financial institutions) operating in China under the supervision of the CBRC have been entrusted or directed by the State in the sense of Article 3(1)(a)(iv), first indent of the basic Regulation to pursue governmental policies and provide loans at preferential rates to the electric bicycle industry.
Kommissionen minder om, at som anført i betragtning 220 gælder de normative rammer for industrien for elektriske cykler for det første for alle finansielle institutioner i Kina og fastsætter bl.a., at forretningsbanker skal udøve deres lånevirksomhed i overensstemmelse med statens behov for økonomisk og social udvikling og i overensstemmelse med statens industripolitikker.
After disclosure several interested parties contested the view that the Chinese private banks are ‘entrusted’ or ‘directed’ by the GOC.
Som anført i betragtning 96-139 er det for det andet ikke kun bestemmelserne i den 13. femårsplan, men også i en række andre offentlige planer, der fastsætter specifikke regeringspolitikker for at støtte industrien for elektriske cykler.
First, one party claimed that despite the Article 34 of the Chinese Bank Law referred to in recital (198), the law does not oblige banks to align with the GOC's industrial policy objectives.
På grund af det manglende samarbejde med den kinesiske regering og de øvrige finansielle institutioner var dette desuden de eneste foreliggende oplysninger på grundlag af hvilke, Kommissionen kunne drage sine konklusioner i overensstemmelse med grundforordningens artikel 28.
They claimed that the Article 34 is a general statement without practical implications, and that state industrial policies merely play a guiding and not a decisive role.
Desuden fremlagde ingen af de interesserede parter beviser til støtte for disse påstande.
The same party also referred to Article 41 of the Chinese Bank Law to support their argument that the GOC cannot force private banks to any specific course of action.