natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Han erklærede endvidere, at udviklingen af biodiesel skal have landbrugsproducenter som hovedaktører.
Following final disclosure, the GOA and CARBIO claimed that the Commission failed to provide any evidence showing that decisions taken by privately owned suppliers on the production and sales of soybeans, cultivated on privately owned land in Argentina, reflect a function that is normally vested in the GOA.
Centro de Economía Internacional udtalte i 2011, at udviklingen af indenlandsk biodiesel havde til formål at maksimere merværdien af soja frem for at nedbringe anvendelsen af fossile brændstoffer.
The GOA uses soybean growers to achieve a particular policy objective which does not differ to a situation where the GOA itself were the grower of the soybeans directly.
Årsagerne til udviklingen af biodieselindustrien ifølge dette forskningsorgan var bl.a. den voksende mulighed for at dække behovene på de eksterne markeder og forskellene med hensyn til eksportafgifter, som tilskyndede til produktion med større merværdi i forhold til basisprodukter som f.eks. sojabønner.
Conclusion
I undersøgelsesperioden blev prisen på biodiesel på hjemmemarkedet fastsat på månedsbasis, idet der blev sondret mellem store, store ikke-integrerede og små og mellemstore virksomheder.
In fact, the Appellate Body has confirmed that the ‘range of government measures capable of providing subsidies [under ‘financial contribution’] is broadened still further by the concept of ‘income or price support’ in paragraph (2) of Article 1.1(a)’.
Hjemmemarkedsprisen på biodiesel blev baseret på følgende formel:
This interpretation is also consistent with the object and purpose of the SCM Agreement, which is ‘to increase and improve GATT disciplines relating to the use of both subsidies and countervailing measures’.
Omkostninger til sojabønneolie (som offentliggjort af landbrugsministeriet) + omkostninger til methanol + arbejdskraftomkostninger + andre omkostninger + kapitalafkast (sat til 3 %)
Article XVI of the GATT 1994 covers ‘any subsidy including any form of income or price support, which operates directly or indirectly to increase exports of any product from, or to reduce imports of any product into, its territory’.
Ingen af grupperne af eksporterende producenter i stikprøven fik en kvote og leverede til hjemmemarkedet i undersøgelsesperioden.
The terms ‘any form’ indicate the broad scope of this category, in the sense that it includes all forms that directly or indirectly provide income or price support.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysningsdokumentet anfægtede GOA den konklusion, at hjemmemarkedsprisen på biodiesel er fastsat på et kunstigt højt niveau.
‘Support’ denotes ‘the action of contributing to the success or maintaining the value of something’.
Til at vurdere hjemmemarkedsprisniveauet på biodiesel anvendte Kommissionen offentlige data fra GOA.
The term ‘support’ is often used in the context of agriculture, as referring to government support programmes.
Disse offentlige data viste, at hjemmemarkedsprisen fastsættes af GOA og således ikke er overladt til markedskræfterne.
In this case, the meaning of ‘support’ in Article 1.1(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement refers to the action of the government that contributes to the success or maintaining the value of prices or of the income received by someone.
GOA bestred ikke, at den fastsætter hjemmemarkedspriserne på biodiesel.
Finally, the reference ‘in the sense of Article XVI of the GATT 1994’ implies all forms of income or price support that directly or indirectly increase exports of ‘any product’ from a WTO Member's territory or reduce imports of this product within its territory.
Desuden viste de offentlige data, at de priser på hjemmemarkedet, som de virksomheder, der havde adgang til dette marked, betalte (dvs. små og mellemstore virksomheder), faktisk var højere end eksportprisen.
This effect, potential or actual, is explicitly contemplated in Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994: ‘… including any form of income or price support, which operates directly or indirectly to increase exports of any product from, or to reduce imports of any product into, its territory’.
GOA bestred heller ikke denne prisforskel.
In sum, Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation covers government measures of any form that directly or indirectly provide income or price support to someone and that has as an effect, potential or actual, increasing exports of any product from a WTO Member's territory or reducing imports of this product within its territory.
Derfor konkluderede Kommissionen, at hjemmemarkedsprisen på biodiesel er fastsat på et kunstigt højt niveau.
This interpretation is also consistent with the object and purpose of the SCM Agreement that is ‘to increase and improve GATT disciplines relating to the use of both subsidies and countervailing measures’.
Denne påstand blev derfor afvist.
In line with this interpretation, in addition to examining whether the set of measures adopted by the GOA could be characterised as ‘financial contribution’ in the form of provision of goods for less than adequate remuneration, the Commission also analysed whether the GOA's set of measures could also be characterised as income or price support falling under Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysningsdokumentet hævdede GOA, at årsagssammenhængen mellem den påståede indkomst- eller prisstøtte og en efterfølgende virkning i form af øget eksport eller nedgang i importen ikke er positivt fastslået, og at de største producenter hindres i at sælge på hjemmemarkedet.
In so doing, the Commission first examined whether the GOA intends to support the creation and development of the biodiesel industry; second, what kind of measures the GOA adopted to support the biodiesel industry; and third, whether those measures qualified as ‘any form of income/price support’ in the sense of Article XVI of GATT 1994.
Ved at regulere hjemmemarkedet for biodiesel og kun give en kvote til mindre biodieselvirksomheder etablerede GOA en industri, hvor de største producenter hindres i at sælge på hjemmemarkedet og dermed er helt eksportorienterede, hvorved biodieselindustriens konkurrenceevne på eksportmarkederne fremmes.
Following disclosure of the information document, the GOA and CARBIO claimed that the Commission based itself on an inadmissibly broad interpretation of the terms ‘any form of income or price support’ used in Article 3(1)(b) of the basic Regulation, by arguing that it encompasses ‘all forms that directly or indirectly provide income or price support’ and ‘any way or manner in which the government provides income or price support to someone’.
Tabel 2 i betragtning 209 indeholder desuden data om den argentinske biodieselproduktion siden 2008 (hvor Argentina påbegyndte sin storskalaproduktion) og eksporten af biodiesel.
The Commission rejected this claim.
Tabel 2 viser, at indkomststøtten til biodieselindustrien har haft en positiv indvirkning på eksporten i og med, at den er blevet etableret som en eksportorienteret industri og stadig er det den dag i dag.
It made its determination in compliance with the WTO jurisprudence and interpretation of ‘income or price support’.
Som forklaret i betragtning 186-191 havde GOA tydeligvis til hensigt at støtte hele den indenlandske biodieselindustri, uanset om den er hjemmemarkeds- eller eksportorienteret.
As detailed in recitals (186) to (195) below, the Commission did not only look at the effects of the measures taken by the GOA, but also carefully analysed the policy objectives of the measures taken by the GOA as well as their nature and design concluding that the price of biodiesel and soybeans on the Argentinian domestic market ‘include direct government intervention in the market with the design to fix the price of a good at a particular level’.
Ingen af de eksporterende producenter i stikprøven havde imidlertid noget relevant hjemmemarkedssalg i undersøgelsesperioden.
As a result of the policy objectives pursued by the GOA, the domestic biodiesel prices, when compared to the price of the exported biodiesel, are set at an artificially high level, supporting the domestic biodiesel industry (see recitals (189) and (195).
Alle de eksporterende producenter i stikprøven forklarede, at med forsyningen fra små og mellemstore virksomheder, der fik kvoter af GOA, var den indenlandske efterspørgsel opfyldt.
At the same time, the price of soybeans is set at an artificially low level through an export tax on soybeans which also supports the domestic biodiesel industry.
Den omstændighed, at der blev fastsat en særlig pris for store virksomheder, ændrede ikke ved det forhold, at ingen af de store virksomheder solgte på hjemmemarkedet i undersøgelsesperioden.
Following final disclosure, the GOA did not agree with the Commission's interpretation that the categories of ‘financial contribution’/‘income or price support’ are not mutually exclusive, because of the conjunction ‘or’ in Article 1.1.(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement.
Ved at hindre biodieselindustrien i at sælge på hjemmemarkedet fremmede GOA således den argentinske biodieselindustris eksportresultater.
In recital (171), the Commission explained why it did not consider these categories mutually exclusive.
Derfor konkluderede Kommissionen, at GOA's hensigt om at støtte etableringen og udviklingen af den argentinske biodieselindustri er åbenlys.
The simple linguistic explanation of the word ‘or’ in the text of the SCM Agreement did not alter the Commission's reasoning and therefore the claim was rejected.
Støtteforanstaltninger til biodieselindustrien
The GOA reiterated its claim that the Commission's findings are inappropriately based on an inadmissibly broad interpretation of the terms ‘any form of income or price support’ as used in Article 1.1.(a)(2) of the SCM Agreement and that in order for the export tax regime to fall within the provisions of Article 1.1.(a)(2), the Commission applies an ‘effect-based approach’, which is inconsistent with WTO jurisprudence.
Som drøftet i betragtning 186-201 søgte GOA at støtte biodieselindustrien ved at vedtage et sæt af foranstaltninger, herunder eksportafgifter på sojabønner, eksportkvoter på produktionen af andet korn end sojabønner, et forbud mod import af sojabønner i perioden før undersøgelsesperioden og ydelse af subsidier til sojabønneproducenterne i de mest underudviklede provinser i Argentina.
As the GOA did not bring any new supporting evidence to rebut the Commission's conclusions, the Commission rejected the claims.
Disse foranstaltninger har skabt et kunstigt, opdelt hjemmemarked med lave priser på sojabønner i Argentina til gavn for den indenlandske biodieselindustri.
Following final disclosure, CARBIO also disputed the Commission's findings of income and price support, quoting in their favour another part of the China — GOES Panel Report.
Desuden indførte GOA med loven om biobrændstoffer fra 2006 en ordning til fremme af biodieselproduktionen.
According to CARBIO, income and price support does not cover situations where ‘a movement in prices is an indirect effect of another form of government intervention’.
Som også nævnt i betragtning 191 er denne støtte fortsat selv efter undersøgelsesperioden, hvor GOA sammen med andre myndigheder og aktører nedsatte en fælles arbejdsgruppe for at forbedre den nationale strategi for biodiesel og dens udformning.
The Commission considered that CARBIO's reference to the case-law from China — GOES is not relevant in the present case where the conclusions on income/price support are not based on indirect price effects, but on actions attributable to the GOA which are designed, and which have as their objective, price effects that support the biodiesel industry.
Kommissionen konkluderer derfor på grundlag af de foreliggende oplysninger, at GOA i de sidste ti år har indført et sæt af foranstaltninger med henblik på at etablere, udvikle og støtte biodieselindustrien.
This claim is therefore rejected.
Det sæt af foranstaltninger, som GOA har vedtaget, anses for at være »enhver form for indkomst- eller prisstøtte« i henhold til artikel XVI i GATT 1994
The GOA's intention to support the domestic biodiesel industry
Med det sæt af foranstaltninger, der beskrives i betragtning 186-201, yder GOA indkomststøtte til biodieselindustrien.
The legislative acts referred to in recitals (89) to (100) show that the GOA has an explicit policy to support the creation and development of the domestic biodiesel industry.
Selv om det kunne hævdes, at de foranstaltninger, som GOA har indført over for sojabønneproducenterne, ikke udgør overdragelse og pålæg, hvilket ikke er tilfældet, er Kommissionen af den opfattelse, at de i det mindste ville udgøre reguleringsvilkår, som kunstigt gør det muligt for biodieselproducenterne at opnå sojabønner til lavere priser end dem, der er gældende internationalt.
In particular, through Law 26.093 of 12 May 2006, the GOA set out a regime to promote the domestic production and use of biofuels, including biodiesel.
I en beslutning fra GOA fra 2012 erkendtes det, at biodieselindustrien har haft fortjenester på op til 25 % i 2012 på grund af det sæt af foranstaltninger, som GOA vedtog.
That law set up an enforcement authority with the role to promote and control sustainable biofuel production and use.
Desuden har GOA indført obligatoriske blandingskrav, således at brændstofvirksomhederne i Argentina skal indkøbe biodiesel til kunstigt høje priser fastsat af GOA.
Furthermore, that law provides that the Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food shall promote crops destined to the production of biofuels that encourage productive diversification of the agricultural sector, the Department of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises shall promote the acquisition of capital assets by small and medium-sized enterprises destined to biofuel production, and the Department of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation shall promote the research, cooperation and transfer of technology between small and medium-sized enterprises and relevant institutions of the Public National Science, Technology and Innovation System.
Som forklaret i afsnit 3.3 udligner Kommissionen ikke biodieselforsyningsaftalerne, eftersom de eksporterende producenter ikke nød godt af denne foranstaltning i undersøgelsesperioden.
The GOA has provided explicit support since 2001, when Decree 1396 entered into force.
Kommissionen bemærker også, at GOA med loven om biobrændstoffer fra 2006 indførte en ordning til fremme af biodieselproduktionen, herunder indrømmelse af incitamenter til at støtte udviklingen af denne industri.
That Plan was supported by the Undersecretary of Fuels in 2001, who assured the promoters of biodiesel production projects that biodiesel would remain tax-free fuel, and affirmed the role of the GOA by promising the establishment of a stable regulatory framework and by announcing that projects on biodiesel would enjoy the benefits of the industrial promotion regime and credits.
Alle disse foranstaltninger viser, at den argentinske biodieselindustri støttes og stimuleres kunstigt.
He further declared that the development of biodiesel must have agricultural producers as protagonists.
Dette erkendes også af GOA i en af publikationerne fra Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, hvori det hedder, at det er sandsynligt, at markedet er kunstigt stimuleret, at det uden statens tilstedeværelse mister økonomisk relevans, at den differentierede eksportafgift er et klart incitament til at producere biodiesel, og at uden statsstøtte ville biodiesel for virksomheder, der er afhængige af indkøb af olie på markedet, ikke vil være bæredygtig på markedet som den eneste salgsvare.
The promotion of domestic biodiesel was consolidated by Resolution 1156 in 2004, creating the National Biofuels Programme which promoted the technological development of the domestic biodiesel industry by Ministry of Economy and Production.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at GOA gennem det sæt af foranstaltninger, der er nævnt ovenfor, direkte eller indirekte giver indkomst- eller prisstøtte til biodieselindustrien og dermed bidrager til dens konkurrenceevne.
The GOA explicitly considered the promotion of the domestic biodiesel industry as part of the Argentinian macroeconomic model.
Desuden er den argentinske biodieselindustri, jf. betragtning 199 og 200, en sektor, der blev etableret som eksportorienteret, og hvor verdensmarkedspriserne er gældende.
The Centro de Economía Internacional stated in 2011 that the development of domestic biodiesel was aimed at maximising the added value of soy, rather than reducing the use of fossil fuels.
Som det fremgår af tabel 2, blev den argentinske biodieselindustri oprindelig etableret som en eksportorienteret industri, hvor næsten hele produktionen af biodiesel især i de første år blev eksporteret og kom ind på de største eksportmarkeder under den generelle præferenceordning med en nulsats.
Reasons for the development of the biodiesel industry given by this research body were, among others, the growing opportunity to supply the needs of external markets and the differentials in terms of export duties, encouraging production with greater added value over that of basic products such as soybeans.
Tabel 2
Furthermore, a study conducted by a governmental entity, the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (‘Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria’, INTA) in 2011 concluded that ‘it is common to the biodiesel market that it is stimulated by the State for different reasons through different policies’, ‘[i]n other words, it is likely that the market is artificially stimulated and that, without the presence of the State, it loses economic relevance’, and that ‘the obvious conclusion is that biodiesel does not seem to push the production of soybeans but that the causality goes in the opposite direction’.
Argentinas produktion og eksport af biodiesel (i ton)
This support has continued until after the investigation period, as in February 2018 the Minister of Energy, the Governor of Santa Fe and CARBIO agreed to set up a joint working group to better design and improve the national strategy for biodiesel.
Kilde: Energiministeriet, GOA og INDEC, GOA — * = beregning.
In 2010, the GOA set a blending mandate for the domestic market, requiring the fuel companies in Argentina to purchase biodiesel and blend it with mineral diesel before sale.
Produktion
This blending mandate was set up together with Biodiesel Supply Agreements between the GOA and biodiesel producers from 2010 until 2015.
Samlet eksport
Those Supply Agreements were established ‘because of the importance of the insertion of biofuels into the energy scheme of the country’ and it was therefore ‘necessary to establish clear guidelines that guarantee efficiently and effectively the achievement of the objectives proposed by the national executive power’, and further ‘taking into account the objectives of the national state to promote the agro industrial activity generating added value to the raw materials produced on national territory’.
Eksport til Unionen
As discussed in recitals (265) to (267), the GOA did not sign any Biodiesel Supply Agreements after 2015 but continued to allocate quotas and set the price at which the blending companies have to purchase biodiesel.
Eksport (% af produktionen)
The quota was based upon the expected quantity required by the domestic market to fulfil the blending mandate.
ikke relevant
The rest of the Argentinian production could only be exported.
Støtten til den indenlandske biodieselindustri favoriserede derfor eksport af biodiesel, hvorved biodieselproducenterne var i stand til på illoyal vis at konkurrere med biodieselproducenter i andre lande, der ikke nød godt af lavere inputpriser.
During the investigation period, the price of biodiesel on the domestic market was set on a monthly basis, differentiating for large, large non-integrated, and small and medium companies.
Lavere omkostninger medførte højere indkomster, som enten kunne udmøntes i yderligere fortjeneste eller anvendes til at sænke prisen eller begge dele.
The domestic price of biodiesel was based upon the following formula:
Den argentinske biodieselindustri har stadig eksportmarkeder, og navnlig EU-markedet, som sit vigtigste fokusområde.
Cost of soybean oil (as published by the Ministry of Agriculture) + cost of methanol + cost of labour + other costs + return of capital (being set at 3 %).
Efter den endelige fremlæggelse af oplysninger var GOA uenig i Kommissionens konklusion om, at et »sæt af foranstaltninger« vedtaget af GOA kan betegnes som »enhver form for indkomst- eller prisstøtte« i henhold til artikel XIV i GATT 1994 og artikel 1.1, litra (a)(2), i SCM-aftalen og føre til en stigning i eksporten af biodiesel.
None of the sampled groups of exporting producers received a quota and supplied the domestic market during the investigation period.
Da GOA ikke fremlagde nogen yderligere begrundelse for denne påstand, afviste Kommissionen påstanden.
However, the average set prices on the domestic market appear to be higher than the average export price, especially for the small, medium, and large non-integrated biodiesel producers.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at GOA gennem et sæt af foranstaltninger direkte eller indirekte gav indkomst-/prisstøtte til biodieselindustrien, hvilket førte til en stigning i eksporten af biodiesel, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, nr. 1, litra b).
Therefore, by artificially setting the price of domestic biodiesel at an artificially high level, the GOA pursued a policy of providing price support to the small and medium-sized biodiesel industry selling on the domestic market.
Fordel
Following the disclosure of the information document, the GOA disputed the finding that the domestic price of biodiesel is set at an artificially high level.
Efter at have fastslået, at sættet af foranstaltninger udgør et finansielt bidrag fra GOA i form af overdragelse eller pålæg af funktioner til private organer og/eller indkomst-/prisstøtte, beregnede Kommissionen subsidiebeløbet i form af den fordel, som, det konstateredes, at modtageren havde opnået i undersøgelsesperioden, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, nr. 2, og artikel 5.
To assess the domestic price level of biodiesel the Commission used public data provided by the GOA.
Da de fleste af GOA's foranstaltninger havde til formål kunstigt at sænke hjemmemarkedsprisen på sojabønner med højere indkomster for de argentinske biodieselproducenter til følge, undersøgte Kommissionen, om GOA's støtte til biodieselindustrien medførte en fordel med henvisning til forskellen mellem de priser, som de indenlandske biodieselproducenter betalte, og et benchmark på grundlag af de gældende markedsvilkår i Argentina for sojabønner.
That public data showed that the domestic price is set by the GOA and thus is not left to market forces.
Kommissionen antog, at en sådan forskel resulterede i en højere fortjeneste for de Argentinske biodieselproducenter og dermed i det mindste svarede til fordelene ved GOA's indkomst-/prisstøtte.
The GOA did not dispute that it sets the domestic biodiesel prices.
Denne komparative metode sikrede også, at der ikke var nogen dobbelttælling af andre subsidier, der blev udlignet i forbindelse med denne undersøgelse, og som også yder indkomst-/prisstøtte til de argentinske biodieselproducenter.
Furthermore, the public data showed that prices on the domestic market paid by the companies having access to that market (i.e. the small and medium-sized companies) were higher, as a matter of fact, than the export price.
Kommissionen beregnede først den vejede gennemsnitlige indkøbspris for sojabønner, som de argentinske producenter i stikprøven betalte i undersøgelsesperioden.
The GOA did not dispute that price difference either.
Det vejede gennemsnit blev beregnet måned for måned og som leveret af sojabønneproducenterne til biodieselanlægget i Argentina.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that the domestic price of biodiesel is set at an artificially high level.
Den gennemsnitlige indkøbspris blev baseret på de priser, eksklusive moms, og mængder, der var angivet i de transaktionslister over fakturaer, som blev indleveret af virksomhederne og efterprøvet under kontrolbesøgene.
Consequently, that claim was rejected.