natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Disse parter anmodede desuden Kommissionen om også at sondre mellem nye og regummierede dæk, originaludstyr og udskiftningsdæk, da markedet for originaludstyr var beskyttet mod kinesisk konkurrence, igen med henvisning til appelorganets rapport i United States — Hot Rolled Steel Products from Japan.
The CCCMC and the CRIA claimed that the differences between new tyres and retreaded tyres should be taken into account for the fair comparison in the investigation for the purposes of the undercutting and underselling determination.
I ovennævnte retspraksis anføres det, at de undersøgelsesmyndigheder, der foretager en undersøgelse af en del af en indenlandsk erhvervsgren, »i princippet på samme måde burde undersøge alle de øvrige dele af erhvervsgrenen, samt undersøge erhvervsgrenen som helhed«.
As stated in the recital (117), new tyres and retreaded tyres have the same basic physical characteristics as well as the same basic uses.
Appelorganets rapport pålægger dog ikke undersøgelsesmyndighederne en forpligtelse til at stille alle skadesindikatorer til rådighed for de enkelte segmenter.
The Hankook Group found a discrepancy between the profit margin reported for tier 1 and the target profit margin used to establish the underselling margin.
De faktiske omstændigheder i nævnte sag var desuden anderledes.
The Commission reviewed the underselling margins and found a clerical error when establishing the underselling margin for tier 1 and tier 2.
I appelorganets rapport i United States — Hot Rolled Steel Products from Japan blev en betydelig del af den indenlandske produktion i USA — bunden produktion — beskyttet af strukturen på hjemmemarkedet mod direkte konkurrence fra de importerede varer.
Therefore, the Commission corrected the underselling margin calculation.
I det foreliggende tilfælde er der dog ingen beskyttelse af segment 1 og 2 på EU-markedet.
Following a request from the Hankook Group, the Commission disclosed additional information on the SG&A items deducted from the price to the first independent customer in order to reach an ex-works level.
Salget af importerede kinesiske varer er hovedsagelig koncentreret på markedet for udskiftningsdæk; dette er en faktuel situation, der ikke er en følge af EU-markedets struktur.
The Commission confirmed that the costs deducted were: transport, insurance costs, handling, loading and ancillary, packing, credit, discounts and commissions.
Desuden blev den pågældende vare også solgt til producenter af originaludstyr.
The Commission did not deduct from the Union producers' prices indirect sales expenses, R & D, finance, marketing nor profit.
Påstanden om, at EU-markedet for originaludstyr var beskyttet mod den kinesiske konkurrence og således bør analyseres særskilt, blev derfor afvist.
Economic situation of the Union industry
Som anført i betragtning 695 bekræfter retspraksis endvidere, at en sådan analyse kan fokusere på det segment, der er hårdest ramt af den subsidierede import, når det undersøges, om EU-erhvervsgrenen som helhed er blevet forvoldt skade.
General remarks
I det foreliggende tilfælde vedrører ca. 65 % af importen af dæk fra Kina segment 3.
In accordance with Article 8(4) of the basic Regulation, the examination of the impact of the subsidized imports on the Union industry included an evaluation of all economic indicators having a bearing on the state of the Union industry during the period considered.
Derfor kan der i forbindelse med en egentlig skadesanalyse ikke ses bort fra virkningerne af den subsidierede import, navnlig i en markedssituation, hvor salget af dæk i segment 3 er konstant stigende, og hvor alle de segmenter, der udgør EU-markedet, er indbyrdes forbundne.
As mentioned in recitals (24) to (32), sampling was used for the determination of possible injury suffered by the Union industry.
Af disse årsager var det Kommissionens opfattelse, at den havde foretaget en grundig undersøgelse af erhvervsgrenen som helhed.
For the injury determination, the Commission distinguished between macroeconomic and microeconomic injury indicators.
Makroøkonomiske indikatorer
The Commission evaluated the macroeconomic indicators on the basis of data contained in the complaint, Eurostat statistics, submissions from ETRMA, as appropriate, to ensure that the data related to all Union producers.
CRIA og CCCMC hævdede, at de var i tvivl om pålideligheden af nogle af de oplysninger, der blev anvendt i forbindelse med de makroøkonomiske indikatorer.
The Commission evaluated the microeconomic indicators on the basis of data contained in the questionnaire replies from the sampled Union producers and the submission of ETRMA.
Der blev tilføjet et dokument med præciseringer af de foreløbige resultater til det åbne dossier.
The data related to the sampled Union producers.
Med hensyn til fastlæggelsen af de makroøkonomiske indikatorer anvendte Kommissionen forskellige kilder, herunder oplysninger fra European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers' Association (»ETRMA«).
Both sets of data were found to be representative of the economic situation of the Union industry.
ETRMA offentliggør markedsanalyser, som er offentligt tilgængelige på sammenslutningens websted.
The macroeconomic indicators are: production, production capacity, capacity utilisation, sales volume, market share, growth, employment, productivity, magnitude of the subsidy margin.
Den åbne version af klagen omfattede et dokument fra ETRMA (bilag 16 — ETRMA-brochure for 2016).
The microeconomic indicators are: average unit prices, unit costs, labour costs, inventories, profitability, cash flow, investments, return on investments, and ability to raise capital.
Kommissionen bemærkede, at nogle af de eksporterende producenter og visse EU-producenter er medlemmer af ETRMA og også indsendte data, der blev understøttet af oplysninger fra ETRMA (f.eks. Hankook-gruppen og Pirelli).
There are two remarks concerning the methodology for the analysis of the injury indicators as performed at preliminary stage.
Produktion, produktionskapacitet og kapacitetsudnyttelse
As mentioned in recital (28), the Union producers are composed of two categories of companies in terms of size: large companies and SMEs (highly fragmented), representing 85 % and 15 % respectively of the total Union sales of the Union producers in 2016.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysningsdokumentet fastslog Kommissionen, at EU-produktionsmængden, som anført i betragtning 625, bør korrigeres for at medtage salget hos leverandører af slidbaner, der ikke er medlemmer af ETRMA Europool.
However, as a result of the sampling of the Union producers, the sales data of the sampled SMEs represented a small fraction of the total Union sales of sampled Union producers.
Der blev desuden fundet en skrivefejl ved fastsættelsen af produktionskapaciteten.
Therefore, the Commission decided to weight the results of the sampled Union producers in accordance with the market share of each category of companies.
Den samlede anslåede EU-produktion, -produktionskapacitet og -kapacitetsudnyttelse blev derfor revideret og udviklede sig som følger i den betragtede periode:
As SMEs are active only in tier 3 segment, this adjustment had as a direct consequence to increase the share of tier 3 sales within the set of data originating from the sampled Union producers.
Tabel 6
Moreover, the total Union sales of the Union producers were split between the three tiers in the following proportion: tier 1: 51 %, tier 2: 23 % and tier 3: 26 %.
Kilde: ETRMA, leverandører af slidbaner, som ikke er medlemmer af ETRMA Europool, Eurostats Comext og oplysninger indgivet af klageren.
However, the Union sales data of the sampled Union producers, even after the adjustment described in recital (692), did not reflect the real proportion of Union sales per tier.
Produktionsmængde (enheder)
Therefore, the Commission decided to weight the results of the sampled Union producers in accordance with the share of each tier in the total Union sales of the Union producers to ensure that the three tiers were represented according to their share in the total Union sales in all micro-indicators.
Produktionskapacitet (stk.)
Several parties submitted that if the Commission follows the segmentation by the three tiers the determination of injury needs to be carried out also at the level of tiers.
Kapacitetsudnyttelse
In particular, the status of the Union industry as well as the impact of imports needed to be evaluated on a tier basis, for example the impact of tier 2 imports (both Chinese and from other countries) need to be assessed on tier 2 Union producers.
Som det fremgår af tabel 6, forblev produktionen forholdsvis stabil med 21,1 mio. enheder i undersøgelsesperioden, hvorimod kapacitetsudnyttelsen steg med 7,4 procentpoint (fra 72,2 % til 79,6 %) i den betragtede periode som følge af faldet i produktionskapaciteten.
The Commission considered that despite the segmentation of the Union market, the tyres as defined in recital (109) share the same basic physical, chemical and technical characteristics and are interchangeable.
Hovedårsagen til stigningen i kapacitetsudnyttelsen kan kun tilskrives den markante nedgang i produktionskapaciteten på næsten 10 %.
Consequently, the determination of injury was done for the product concerned in compliance with the WTO Anti-Subsidy Agreement.
Dette vedrørte hovedsagelig regummieringsaktiviteterne i den betragtede periode, hvor mindst 85 SMV'er beliggende i stort set alle medlemsstater ophørte med at fremstille regummierbare dæk, men det førte også til lukningen af store virksomheders dattervirksomheder.
In particular, the Appellate Body's found that ‘where investigating authorities undertake an examination of one part of a domestic industry, they should, in principle, examine, in like manner, all of the other parts that make up that industry, as well as examine the industry as a whole’.
Den manglende stigning i EU-produktionen og lukningen af virksomheder står i modsætning til det stigende forbrug i Unionen, der fulgte efter krisen, og som EU-erhvervsgrenens kunne have haft gavn af.
Therefore, a segmental analysis is possible under WTO law, but it has to be accompanied by an analysis of the whole industry.
Salgsmængde og markedsandel
Similarly, the General Court accepted that the injury analysis may focus on the tier most affected by subsidized imports.
EU-erhvervsgrenens salgsmængde og markedsandel blev derfor revideret og udviklede sig som følger i den betragtede periode:
As shown in recitals (823) to (834) this analysis confirms that overall the Union industry suffered injury and that the trends for the product concerned considered as a whole in general correspond to those for the tiers considered separately.
Tabel 7
The economic situation of the Union industry is analysed on an aggregated basis and, for certain microeconomic indicators also at the level of tiers given the Union market segmentation.
Kilde: ETRMA, leverandører af slidbaner, der ikke er medlemmer af ETRMA Europool, og Eurostats Comext.
Several parties requested more detailed information regarding the methodology to weight the different categories of companies (large or SME) and by tiers as described in recitals (692) and (693).
Samlet salgsmængde på EU-markedet (enheder)
The weighting process was based on the sales volumes as this is the relevant parameter when considering the sales price in the Union for establishing the cost of production or the profitability of sales in the Union to unrelated customers.
På et marked i vækst faldt salget i Unionen lidt i den betragtede periode.
One of the criteria for the selection of the sample of Union producers was the representativity of the Union producers in terms of size, namely between SMEs and larger companies (recital (29)).
Dette medførte et fald på 5,3 procentpoint i markedsandelen (fra 72,4 % til 67,1 %) samtidig med, at importmængden fra Kina steg med over 1,1 mio. dæk, eller en stigning på 4,2 procentpoint i markedsandelen (fra 17,1 % til 21,3 %).
Five SMEs were sampled.
China National Tire-gruppen og Pirelli hævdede, at salgsmængden på EU-markedet forblev stabil i de foregående tre år, og at EU-erhvervsgrenens markedsandel faldt med 5 procentpoint fra 2014 til 2017, hvilket er et ubetydeligt fald.
One SME decided to stop cooperating with the investigation.
De hævdede desuden, at omfanget af EU-salget som indberettet af klagerne for perioden 2013 og 2016 viste en kraftig nedgang for segment 3 (– 30 %), en nedgang i salget for segment 2 (– 7 %) og en mindre nedgang i salget for segment 1 (– 1 %).
Four replied to the sampling questionnaire.
Som sådan var det klart, at den eneste skade kunne findes i segment 3, og at skadesanalysen skal tage højde for markedssegmenteringen.
In addition, the Commission took into consideration comments from interested parties that argued that the market segmentation into three tiers had to be reflected in the sample of Union producers (recital (25)).
Kommissionen bemærkede, at tallene i foregående betragtning kun vedrører klagernes salg og ikke EU-erhvervsgrenen som helhed.
Additional information was provided by the cooperating Union producers as explained in recital (26).
De vedrører også et andet tidsrum.
The Commission sampled eleven Union producers.
Det er derfor ikke muligt at overføre udviklingen i klagernes salgsmængde til EU-erhvervsgrenen.
This is an unusual large number of Union producers to be investigated.
Som forklaret i betragtning 718-722 fandt Kommissionen, at forekomsten af væsentlig skade skal fastsættes for den pågældende vare og for EU-erhvervsgrenen som helhed og ikke kun for visse dele af den.
However, despite this effort, the performance of the SMEs and per tier required a weighting for a proper analysis of the resulting aggregation of the microeconomic injury indicators.
Kommissionen undersøgte derfor ikke tendenserne isoleret set, dvs. pr. segment, idet den har fulgt en aggregeret tilgang.
The split per tier of the sales of the cooperating Union producers and of the sampled Union producers were similar: in the range of 60 % to 70 % for tier 1, in the range of 15 % to 25 % in tier 2 and in the range of 10 % to 20 % in tier 3.
Vækst
SMEs represented in the range of 7 % to 10 % of the total Union sales reported by cooperating Union producers.
EU-forbruget steg med 6,1 % i den betragtede periode.
Moreover, sampled Union producers are producing new and retreaded tyres in tier 2 and tier 3.
EU-erhvervsgrenens salgsmængde faldt med 1,7 % på trods af det stigende forbrug, hvilket resulterede i, at EU-erhvervsgrenen mistede markedsandele.
Around half of the sales of the sample in tier 3 are retreaded tyres.
Markedsandelen steg for importen fra det pågældende land i den betragtede periode (med over 4 procentpoint).
The first step was to estimate the split between the sales of large companies and SMEs.
Giti-gruppen hævdede, at EU-forbruget skulle analyseres i værdi i stedet for i mængde.
The estimation of SME sales was based on the information provided by ETRMA (for cold process) and by tread suppliers not member of ETRMA Europool.
På dette grundlag faldt EU-forbruget med 5 % i værdi og begyndte først at stige langsomt mellem 2016 og undersøgelsesperioden.
For the purpose of this investigation, it was considered that cold process sales are made by SMEs and hot process by large producers.
EU-forbruget gav et øjebliksbillede af, hvor mange dæk der var til rådighed på EU-markedet på et givet tidspunkt.
This is a conservative approach to estimate the sales of SMEs as the Commission verified one SME producer with both techniques.
EU-forbruget beregnes normalt i mængde nøjagtigt for at undgå, at markedsaktørernes prispolitik kan påvirke tendenserne i den betragtede periode.
The estimation of the sales of the large companies is the difference between the total Union sales of the Union producers minus the estimation of SME sales.
Beskæftigelse og produktivitet
The Commission found that SME sales represented around 15 % of the total Union sales of the Union industry in 2016 (as mentioned above this was a conservative estimate since some SMEs also use hot retreading processes).
Beskæftigelsen og produktiviteten udviklede sig derfor som følger i den betragtede periode:
The second step was to compare the ratio of 85 %/15 % with the ratio of the sample (in which large companies weighed over 95 %).
Tabel 8
Moreover, the sales data of the sampled SMEs represented around 4 % of the total Union sales of Union SMEs producers.
Kilde: Efterprøvede spørgeskemabesvarelser fra de stikprøveudtagne EU-producenter samt indlæg fra leverandører af slidbaner og ETRMA.
To ensure a proper reflection of the relative importance of the two categories of Union producers in the microeconomic indicators, the Commission weighted the individual company indicators when aggregating on the basis of the 85 %/15 % ratio mentioned above.
Antal ansatte
The methodology resulted in an increase of the weight of tier 3 sales used to establish the microeconomic indicators.
Produktivitet (enhed/ansat)
Preliminary, both weightings, the weighting of the category of companies and the weighting of the tiers, were applied equally throughout the period considered, on the basis of 2016.
Over 4257 direkte arbejdspladser gik tabt i den betragtede periode, hvilket påvirkede både SMV'er, hvor mindst 85 producenter beliggende i hele Unionen har indstillet produktionen, og store virksomheder, som har lukket flere fabrikker.
The Commission considered this approach reasonable in view of the available evidence.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysningsdokumentet hævdede den italienske sammenslutning af regummieringsvirksomheder (AIRP — Associazione Italiana Ricostruttori Pneumatici), at regummieringssektoren i Unionen tegner sig for omkring 13000 arbejdspladser til produktion og distribution.
The CRIA and the CCCMC claimed that the Commission should not use a fixed ratio (namely a ratio calculated for 2016) over the period considered but rather a ratio for each period of the period considered.
Regummieringsaktiviteter er meget arbejdskraftintensive, og hvert regummieret dæk understøtter 3 eller 4 gange så mange abejdspladser som et nyt dæk.
Moreover, they claimed that some large producers of tread were producing retreaded tyres by using the cold process and that two producers of retreaded tyres were part of a larger group qualifying them as large company.
Ifølge AIRP er flere tilknyttede virksomheder enten i gang med at reducere antallet af ansatte eller gør brug af arbejdsløshedskasserne i stor stil.
Therefore, the parties claimed that the methodology used could not be considered as conservative and that the volume of SMEs sales was overestimated.
China National Tire-gruppen og Pirelli anførte, at det fald i beskæftigelsen på 11 %, som Kommissionen havde konstateret, udelukkende vedrørte regummieringsindustrien.
Bipaver claimed that the hot process is not only used by one retreader but by several Union retreaders.
Udviklingen i produktiviteten kan i stedet forklares ved, at EU-erhvervsgrenen for nylig har gennemgået en periode med omstrukturering og rationalisering.
Firstly, the Commission examined the claims made and the evidence provided by the parties.
Udsagnet vedrørende faldet i beskæftigelsen er faktuelt ukorrekt, idet ca. halvdelen af det fandt sted hos store producenter.
It found that indeed some large suppliers of treads have related subsidiaries producing retreaded tyres by using the cold process.
Heuver anmodede om, at navnene på de 85 SMV'er, der er nævnt i betragtning 809, blev fremlagt.
Moreover, the two producers initially considered as SMEs mentioned by the parties were part of a larger groups, hence they could not be considered as SMEs.
Kommissionen havde konstateret, at der var mindst 85 producenter, der havde indstillet produktionen, på grundlag af den liste over kunder, som leverandørerne af slidbaner havde stillet til rådighed i forbindelse med denne undersøgelse.
The Commission thus adjusted the ratios used in the weighting.
Kommissionen indrømmede fortrolig behandling, hvad angår kundernes identitet og salgsmængden pr. kunde, da der er tale om følsomme forretningsoplysninger.
The large suppliers and SMEs provided their sales over the period considered.
De interesserede parter skal desuden ikke forelægge et resumé for denne type dokumenter.
The total volume reported is around: 2014: 254000, 2015: 227000, 2016: 240000 and the investigation period: 250000 retreaded tyres, representing around 5,5 % of the estimated retreaded tyres sales during the period considered.
Leverandørerne af slidbaner fremlagde et resumé af deres indlæg, som kan findes i det åbne dossier.
Secondly, regarding SMEs hot production sales, the Commission found that more than one SME is producing retreaded tyres using the hot process.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at parterne havde tilstrækkelige oplysninger til at kunne udøve deres ret til forsvar.
It requested from a few producers to provide the volume of the hot process production for the period considered.
CRIA og CCCMC hævdede, at Kommissionens antagelse om, at hele salget af varer fremstillet ved den kolde proces foretages af SMV'er, er forkert, da mange store virksomheder anvender den kolde proces til regummiering.
The total volume reported is around: 2014: 149000, 2015: 152000, 2016: 138000 and the investigation period: 132000 retreaded tyres, representing around 3,2 % of the estimated retreaded tyres sales during the period considered.
De konkluderede, at den deraf følgende vurdering af beskæftigelsen og produktiviteten derfor var upålidelige.
Thirdly, the Commission recalculated the estimation of the SMEs sales during the period considered by adding the SMEs hot production sales and deducting the large companies' cold production sales.
Som anført i betragtning 708 fastslog Kommissionen, at store virksomheders produktion ved hjælp af den kolde proces er ret begrænset og ikke som sådan kan tilbagevise Kommissionens vurdering vedrørende beskæftigelse og produktivitet.
Finally, the Commission calculated the share of SMEs sales in the total Union sales for each period of the period considered:
Produktiviteten vedrører desuden mest produktionstypen (dvs. regummiering eller nye dæk).
Table 5
Derudover hævdede CRIA og CCCMC, at listen over kunder fra en af leverandørerne af slidbaner viser, at en af de nævnte kunder var inaktiv, mens de årsregnskaber, som kunden har indgivet til de lokale myndigheder, viste, at virksomheden stadig var aktiv i 2017.
Share of SMEs sales in the total Union sales (in %)
Kommissionen forklarede i sit notat til dossieret, at listen blev udarbejdet ved at aggregere oplysningerne om salg fra otte leverandører af slidbaner.
Ratio used at definitive stage for SMEs sales in the total Union sales
I forbindelse med undersøgelsen blev det vurderet, at en regummieringsvirksomhed havde indstillet produktionen, når den ikke længere købte slidbaner.
Ratio used at preliminary stage for SMEs sales in the total Union sales
Det er derfor ikke muligt at drage positive konklusioner om, hvorvidt en regummieringsvirksomhed er aktiv eller inaktiv, udelukkende på grundlag af listen fra en enkelt leverandør og/eller på grundlag af indgivne årsregnskaber.
As shown in Table 5, the weight of SMEs in the total Union sales during the period considered has been increased by 2,3 percentage points in 2014, by 0,7 percentage points in 2015 and decreased by 0,9 percentage points in 2016 and 1,4 percentage points in the investigation period.
Subsidiebeløbenes størrelse
On the basis of the above, the conclusions based on the trends at the preliminary stage remain valid.
Subsidiebeløbene lå alle væsentligt over minimalgrænsen.
Regarding the second adjustment by tiers, the Commission relied at the preliminary stage on the information provided by the complainant, which provides the estimation of the weight of each tier for the Union consumption for 2016.
Virkningen af de faktiske subsidiebeløbs størrelse på EU-erhvervsgrenen var betydelig i betragtning af mængden af og priserne på importen fra det pågældende land.
However, the CRIA and the CCCMC claimed that the Commission should use a ratio for each period of the period considered.