natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Armington-elasticiteten og udbuds- og efterspørgselselasticiteten kommer fra etablerede kilder, som f.eks. USA, ITC og Global Trade Analysis Project.
In this context, several interested parties to the investigation have claimed that it would not be in the interest of the Union to impose provisional safeguard measures.
Armington-elasticiteten fastsættes til 3,75, efterspørgselselasticiteten fastsættes til – 0,5, og de tre udbudselasticiteter fastsættes til 4 i overensstemmelse med disse kilder.
They claim that measures would almost certainly result in a supply shortage and would therefore place that Union industry in a stronger negotiating position to exert pressure on prices.
Da det drejer sig om en model for ét enkelt land, skal der opstilles visse eksplicitte og implicitte antagelser, navnlig om det amerikanske stålmarked og om virkningen af de foranstaltninger, der pålægges i henhold til Section 232.
They further argued that the sources of supply are already limited by the imposition of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures and that products which are not available from Union producers or not available sufficiently or with the proper technical specifications must be excluded from safeguard measures.
I næste trin vil andelen af denne udelukkede eksport, der vil blive omlagt til EU-markedet for hvert enkelt producentland, der i øjeblikket eksporterer til USA, blive beregnet efter en metode, som tager fire forskellige kriterier i betragtning og afvejer: afstanden til Unionen, tilgængeligheden i den relevante region af lande, der kan absorbere omlagt eksport, eksistensen af lande i regionen med betydelig overkapacitet og eksistensen i landet af etablerede handelsbeskyttelsesforanstaltninger.
In this respect, a system of Tariff Rate Quotas under which no obstacle is raised against traditional trade flows guarantees that the safeguard measures are in line with the Union interest.
Modellen specificeres med ovennævnte parametre, og markedsdataene korrigeres for antagelserne i de to foregående betragtninger.
Such a form of measure would prevent the negative effects of trade diversion for the Union industry, while at the same time preserve traditional trade supply sources and effective competition in the steel market.
Modellen løses dernæst forsøgsvis med toldsatser i forskellige størrelsesordener for import til Unionen ud over kontingentet.
In these circumstances, the Commission considers that the risk that the adopted measure triggers a supply shortage or a price increase is not material.
En told på 41 % vil derimod dæmpe importen til niveauet for 2015-2017.
Similarly, the claim that certain specific product categories must be excluded from safeguard measures as they are not available from Union producers or not available sufficiently or with the proper technical specifications should be rejected since traditional trade flows will be guaranteed.
Resultaterne af modellen for makroøkonomisk handel suppleres med en række mikroøkonomiske simuleringer af typiske dækningsbidrag for 12 forskellige varekategorier, der vurderes.
Therefore, on balance, the Commission provisionally concludes that the Union interest requires the adoption of provisional safeguard measures under the specific form of a tariff increase which will be applied beyond traditional trade flows on a product category basis.
Antagelsen bag analysen er, at i tilfælde af faldende priser vil producenterne fortsætte med fuldt ud at udnytte deres kapacitet og eksportere til Unionen, så længe de variable omkostninger dækkes.
CONCLUSIONS AND ADOPTION OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES
Forskellen mellem salgsprisen og variable omkostninger kaldes dækningsbidrag.
Adoption of provisional measures
Med andre ord vil en producent fortsætte med at producere, så længe dækningsbidraget ikke er negativt.
It was preliminary concluded that the Union steel industry is in a situation of threat of serious injury for the 23 product categories under assessment and that this situation is likely to develop into actual serious injury in the foreseeable future.
Analysen fastsætter for hver af de 12 varekategorier, der vurderes, den EU-hjemtagelsespris, hvor dækningsbidraget for eksportører til Unionen vil være helt opbrugt.
Given the critical circumstances, it is considered that provisional safeguard measures should be taken in order to prevent damage to the EU steel industry which would be difficult to repair before the conclusion of the current investigation.
Forskellen mellem denne pris og den ikke-skadevoldende hjemmemarkedspris på EU-markedet bør derefter være toldsatsen for import ud over kontingentet, som er nødvendig for at garantere et ikke-skadevoldende prisniveau på EU-markedet.
Form and level of measures
I analysen anvendes der en kurv af råvarepriser baseret på de offentlige indeks fra Metal Bulleting, på variable omkostninger fra kinesiske virksomheder fra CRU-databasen og på antagne fragtomkostninger på $60/ton mellem Kina og EU, som skulle være et forsigtigt skøn.
For the selection of the appropriate form of measure, the Commission considered the three following elements.
Den konkluderer, at dækningsbidragene og dermed de nødvendige afskrækkende toldsatser for import ud over kontingentet bør ligge på mellem 19-45 %, med en median på 34 %, hvilket hovedsagelig bekræfter den størrelsesorden på toldsatser for import ud over kontingentet, som den delvise ligevægtsmodel har givet.
First, serious injury to the global Union steel industry is likely to materialise due to the diversion of steel exports to the US to the EU as a consequence of the Section 232 measures.
På grundlag af ovenstående har Kommissionen foreløbigt fastslået, at en foreløbig toldsats på 25 % for import ud over kontingentet vil være tilstrækkelig til at forebygge, at der opstår alvorlig skade.
Second, it is considered that the openness of the Union market should be preserved and the traditional flow of imports should be maintained.
Denne told, som er lavere end de 32 % fra modellen, der skal sikre traditionel handel, plus en stigning på 10 % i importen udgør en forsigtig tilgang under hensyntagen til Unionens interesse og i afventning af bemærkninger fra de interesserede parter efter indførelsen af de midlertidige foranstaltninger og en mere gennemgribende undersøgelse af udviklingen i importen før indførelsen af de endelige foranstaltninger.
Indeed, it is basically the excess of imports above these traditional trade flows that are considered to be the main threat for the situation of the steel industry.
Forvaltning af kontingenterne
Finally, in conformity with Article 7(2) of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 and the Union's international obligations, in particular Article 6 of the WTO Agreement on Safeguards, the provisional measures should take the form of tariff measures.
Det bedste middel til at sikre en optimal anvendelse af toldkontingenterne er at tildele dem i kronologisk rækkefølge efter datoerne for accept af angivelserne om overgang til fri omsætning, jf. Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2015/2447.
On that basis the Commission considers that, as mentioned in recital (93), the provisional safeguard measures should take the form of a system of tariff rate quotas in excess of which an additional duty will be paid.
Der bør sikres lige og vedvarende adgang til toldkontingenterne for alle EU-importører.
To ensure access to the Union market to all traditional suppliers, such tariff rate quotas should be based on the average of the annual level of imports in the years 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Denne form for forvaltning kræver et nært samarbejde mellem medlemsstaterne og Kommissionen.
As the tariff rate quotas will be in operation for 200 calendar days, the quotas should be set at a corresponding pro-rata level to the annual figure.
De kriterier for fastlæggelse af ikke-præferenceoprindelse, der i øjeblikket er i kraft i Unionen, bør derfor anvendes.
Given the conclusions on threat of serious injury and the fact that serious injury did not occur yet in overall terms, the Commission considers that calculating an injury margin on the basis of the constructed average non-injurious price per tonne of the Union industry's products in the most recent period does not seem to be appropriate.
Med henblik på midlertidige foranstaltninger og for at gøre det muligt at fortsætte traditionelle handelsstrømme vil der blive fastsat et specifikt kontingent for hver af de varekategorier, over for hvilke denne forordning indfører midlertidige foranstaltninger, uanset deres oprindelsesland.
Under these circumstances, the Commission rather considers it more appropriate to take a forward-looking approach to assessing the level of the duty necessary to deter imports in excess of traditional trade flows from materialising and producing serious injury to the Union industry once the level of the quota has been reached.
Kommissionen vil navnlig tage hensyn til den potentielle virkning af de antidumping- og antisubsidieforanstaltninger, der i øjeblikket gælder for tildeling og anvendelse af kontingenter pr. land.
A partial equilibrium model is a set of demand and supply equations focusing on one part of the economy and applying the ceteris paribus assumption to the rest of the economy.
Gældende antidumping- og antisubsidieforanstaltninger
It also assumes that the macroeconomic impacts of the scenario that is analysed are not large enough to influence macroeconomic aggregates such as the overall wage level in an economy.
Når de fastsatte toldfrie kontingenter er nået, finder beskyttelsesforanstaltningerne anvendelse.
The model proposed by the Union industry is based on publically available code that is programmed and solved in a spreadsheet-software.
Flere interesserede parter hævdede, at kombinationen af de allerede indførte antidumping- og udligningsforanstaltninger over for mange varekategorier med beskyttelsesforanstaltninger over for den samme import vil medføre en uønsket stor byrde for visse eksporterende producenter, som søger at eksportere til Unionen, hvilket kan have den virkning, at de forhindres i at få adgang til Unionens marked.
Partial equilibrium models more broadly are a standard tool for trade policy analysis by investigating authorities, including the Commission.
For de 12 varekategorier af stål, der er omfattet af de nuværende midlertidige beskyttelsesforanstaltninger, er visse oprindelseslande i øjeblikket genstand for antidumping- og udligningstold.
The model, as most others, applies the so-called Armington assumption that products from different origins are imperfect substitutes.
Det er derfor nødvendigt at overveje, om kumuleringen af disse foranstaltninger med beskyttelsesforanstaltninger ikke ville føre til en større virkning end ønskeligt.
The model looks at the Union market only using a supply function each for Union domestic supply, import supply by countries subject to safeguards and import supply by countries exempted from safeguards.
For at undgå indførelse af »dobbeltsanktioner«, når toldkontingenterne er overskredet, vil niveauet for de gældende antidumping- og udligningsforanstaltninger blive suspenderet eller reduceret for at sikre, at den kombinerede virkning af disse foranstaltninger ikke overstiger den højeste grad af beskyttelse eller den gældende antidumping- eller udligningstold.
Finally, it employs an Union demand function that responds to the overall price level to determine demand for steel at the aggregate level and distributes this according to relative prices to the three mentioned sources of supply.
Varighed
This latter process is governed by the so-called Armington Elasticities, i.e. economic parameters representing the elasticity of substitution between products from different countries of origin that differ between product types and markets.
De midlertidige foranstaltninger bør gælde for 200 kalenderdage fra datoen for ikrafttrædelsen af denne forordning.
The data for the model comes from Eurofer and Eurostat.
UDELUKKELSE AF VISSE LANDE FRA DE MIDLERTIDIGE FORANSTALTNINGERS ANVENDELSESOMRÅDE
The Armington Elasticities, as well as the supply and demand elasticities come from established sources such as the U.S. ITC and the Global Trade Analysis Project (‘GTAP’).
I overensstemmelse med artikel 18 i forordning (EU) 2015/478 og som følge af EU's internationale forpligtelser bør de midlertidige foranstaltninger ikke finde anvendelse på nogen vare med oprindelse i et udviklingsland, så længe dets andel af importen af den pågældende vare til Unionen ikke overstiger 3 %, forudsat at de udviklingslande, der er medlemmer af WTO, med en importandel på mindre end 3 % tilsammen tegner sig for højst 9 % af Unionens samlede import af den pågældende vare.
The Armington Elasticity is set at 3,75, the demand elasticity is set at – 0,5 and the three supply elasticities are set at 4 in accordance with these sources.
Den foreløbige afgørelse, som Kommissionen har truffet, viser, at de pågældende varekategorier med oprindelse i visse udviklingslande opfylder kravene med hensyn til at kunne drage fordel af ovennævnte fritagelse.
Being a one-country-model certain explicit and implicit assumptions need to be made, notably concerning the U.S. steel market and the impact of the measures imposed by invoking Section 232.
Bilag IV (liste over varer med oprindelse i udviklingslande, for hvilke de midlertidige foranstaltninger gælder) anfører udviklingslandene i forbindelse med denne forordning.
First, it is assumed that these measures will succeed in excluding from the U.S. market the current exports of countries subjected to Section 232 measures.
Bilaget indeholder også for hver af de 23 varekategorier de udviklingslande, for hvilke de midlertidige foranstaltninger gælder.
In the next step, the proportion of these excluded exports that will be diverted towards the EU market for each producer country currently exporting to the U.S. is calculated according to a methodology under which four different criteria are considered and weighted: distance to the Union, availability in the relevant region of countries capable of absorbing diverted exports, existence of countries in the region with significant overcapacity, and the existence in the country of trade defence measures in place.
Kommissionen finder det hensigtsmæssigt på dette stadium at beregne mængden af import fra udviklingslande på grundlag af hver varekategori, fordi toldkontingentet også er fastsat med henvisning til de traditionelle handelsstrømme fra hver enkelt kategori.
According to this calculation, 72 % of current US imports of steel will be diverted to the EU market, which corresponds to 55 % of total Union imports of steel in 2017.
Dette berører ikke fremtidige beslutninger om, hvorvidt et land kan betragtes som et udviklingsland.
It is further assumed that these additional imports will displace Union production of the same amount.
Som anført i betragtning 80 finder Kommissionen på grund af den tætte markedsintegration med EØS-medlemslandene, de samlede tal for importen fra disse lande og den lave risiko for handelsomlægning, at de varer, der vurderes, med oprindelse i Norge, Island og Liechtenstein bør udelukkes fra denne forordnings anvendelsesområde —
The model is specified with the above mentioned parameters and the market data corrected for the assumptions made in the two previous recitals.
VEDTAGET DENNE FORORDNING:
The model is then solved with experiments of various magnitudes of a Union out-of-quota safeguard tariff.
Artikel 1
The results of the model predict that a tariff of 25 % would allow import levels that are about 19 % higher than in the reference period of 2015-2017.
Der åbnes hermed toldkontingenter for import til Unionen af hver af de 23 varekategorier, der er opført i bilag I, i en periode på 200 dage fra denne forordnings ikrafttræden.
A tariff of 32 % would still allow 10 % more imports than in the reference period.
Toldkontingenterne er anført i bilag V (defineret med henvisning til de KN-koder, der er anført i forbindelse dermed).
A tariff of 41 % would, on the other hand, suppress imports to their 2015-2017 level.
Hvis det relevante toldkontingent er opbrugt, eller hvis importen af varekategorierne ikke er omfattet af det relevante toldkontingent, opkræves der en tillægstold på 25 %.
The results of the macroeconomic trade model are complemented with a series of microeconomic simulations of typical contribution margins for 12 different product categories under assessment.
Denne tillægstold finder anvendelse på toldværdien af den vare, der importeres.
The assumption behind the analysis is that in case of falling prices, producers would continue to fully utilize their capacities and export to the Union as long as variable costs are covered.
Artikel 2
The margin between the sales price and variable costs is termed the contribution margin.
Oprindelsen af enhver vare, på hvilken denne forordning finder anvendelse, fastsættes i overensstemmelse med de i Unionen gældende bestemmelser vedrørende ikke-præferenceoprindelse.
In other words, a producer would continue producing as long as the contribution margin is non-negative.
De relevante gældende bestemmelser vedrørende told finder anvendelse, medmindre andet er fastsat.
The analysis establishes for each of the twelve product categories under assessment the Union landed price at which the contribution margin for exporters to the EU would be entirely exhausted.
Artikel 3
The spread between this price and the non-injurious domestic price on the Union market should then be the out-of-quota tariff necessary to guarantee a non-injurious price level on the Union market.
Toldkontingenterne forvaltes af Kommissionen og medlemsstaterne i overensstemmelse med den forvaltningsordning for toldkontingenter, der er fastsat i artikel 49 til 54 i Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2015/2447.
The analysis uses a basket of raw material prices based on Metal Bulleting public indices, variable cost of Chinese firms from the CRU database and assumed freight costs of $60/tonne between China and the EU, which is stated to be a conservative estimate.
Artikel 4
It concludes that contribution margins and thus the necessary deterrent out-of-quota tariffs should be in the range of 19-45 %, with a median of 34 %, which would essentially confirm the order of magnitude of the out-of-quota tariff identified by the partial equilibrium model.
Importen af de varekategorier, der er nævnt i artikel 1, som allerede er på vej til Unionen på datoen for denne forordnings ikrafttrædelse, og hvis bestemmelsessted ikke kan ændres, tildeles ikke til toldkontingenterne og er ikke omfattet den i artikel 1 anførte tillægstold og kan bringes i fri omsætning.
On the basis of the above, the Commission has preliminary established that a provisional 25 % out-of-quota tariff would be sufficient to prevent serious injury from occurring.
Artikel 5
This lower tariff than the 32 % resulting from the model for ensuring a traditional trade plus 10 % import flow increase represents a cautious approach, having regard to the Union interest, and pending comments from interested parties after the adoption of the provisional measures and a closer study of the evolution of imports before the imposition of definitive measures.
Medlemsstaterne og Kommissionen indgår et nært samarbejde for at sikre, at denne forordning overholdes.
Administration of the quotas
Artikel 6
The best way of ensuring optimal use of the tariff quotas is to allocate them in the chronological order of the dates on which declarations of release for free circulation are accepted, as provided for in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447.
Med forbehold af stk. 2 er importen af de 23 varekategorier i bilag I, som har oprindelse i et af udviklingslandene anført i bilag IV, ikke omfattet af toldkontingenter eller af den tillægstold, der er omhandlet i artikel 1.
Equal and continuous access to the quotas should be ensured for all Union importers.
For hver af de 23 varekategorier fastsætter bilag IV de udviklingslande, som varerne har oprindelse i, og som er omfattet af foranstaltningerne i artikel 1.
This method of administration calls for close cooperation between the Member States and the Commission.
Artikel 7
The eligibility of imported goods from developing countries to be excluded from the tariff quotas is dependent on the origin of the goods.
Varer med oprindelse i Norge, Island og Liechtenstein er ikke omfattet af de foranstaltninger, der er beskrevet i artikel 1.
The criteria for determining non-preferential origin currently in force in the Union should therefore be applied.
Artikel 8
For the purpose of the provisional measures, in order to permit traditional trade flows to continue, a specific quota will be determined for each of the product categories on which this Regulation imposes provisional measures, irrespectively of their country of origin.
Denne forordning træder i kraft dagen efter offentliggørelsen i Den Europæiske Unions Tidende.
The remainder of the investigation will determine whether an allocation of quota by exporting country is desirable in order to ensure traditional trade flows from these countries and having regard to the impact of the provisional measures.
Denne forordning er bindende i alle enkeltheder og gælder umiddelbart i hver medlemsstat.
In particular, the Commission will have to consider the potential effect of the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures currently in force on the allocation and usage of a per-country quota.
Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 17. juli 2018.
Applicable anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures
På Kommissionens vegne
Once the determined free-of-duty quota is reached, the safeguard measures will apply.
Jean-Claude Juncker
Several interested parties claimed that the combination of the already imposed anti-dumping and countervailing measures on many product categories with the safeguard measures on those same imports would place an undesirably onerous burden on certain exporting producers seeking to export to the EU, which may have the effect of denying them access to the Union market.
EUT L 83 af 27.3.2015, s. 16.
Indeed, for 12 steel product categories covered by the current provisional safeguard measures, some countries of origin are currently subject to anti-dumping and countervailing duties.
EUT L 123 af 19.5.2015, s. 33.
It is therefore necessary to consider whether the cumulation of these measures with the safeguard measures would not lead to a greater effect than desirable.
EUT C 111 af 26.3.2018, s. 29.
In order to avoid the imposition of ‘double remedies’, whenever the tariff quota is exceeded, the level of the existing anti-dumping and countervailing will be suspended or reduced to ensure that the combined effect of these measures does not exceed the highest level of the safeguard or anti-dumping/countervailing duties in place.
EUT C 225 af 28.6.2018, s. 54.
Duration
Der blev vedtaget foranstaltninger for forudgående tilsyn i april 2018 ved Kommissionens gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2016/670 af 28. april 2016 om indførelse af forudgående EU-tilsyn af importen af visse jern- og stålprodukter med oprindelse i visse tredjelande (EUT L 115 af 29.4.2016, s. 37).
The provisional measures should apply for 200 calendar days from the date on which this Regulation enters into force.
Sag nr. COMP/EKSF.1351 Usinor/Arbed/Aceralia og sag nr. COMP/M.4137 Mittal/Arcelor.
EXCLUSIONS OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES FROM THE SCOPE OF THE PROVISIONAL MEASURES
Se især afsnit IV og afsnit VI, punkt 1 og 2.
In accordance with Article 18 of Regulation 2015/478 and the international obligations of the Union, the provisional measures should not apply to any product originating in a developing country as long as its share of imports of that product into the Union does not exceed 3 %, provided that developing country members of the WTO with less than a 3 % import share, collectively account for not more than 9 % of total Union imports of the product concerned.
Jf. rapporter fra det 83. og 84. møde i OECD's Stålkomité, der kan tilgås på http://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/steel.htm.
The preliminary determination made by the Commission shows that the product categories concerned originating in certain developing countries meet the requirements to benefit from the abovementioned derogation.