natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De individuelle restgasstrømme fra DNT-, TDA-, TDI-, MDA- og MDI-anlæg kombineres til en eller flere restgasstrømme med henblik på behandling.
Maintaining a high level of ammonia in the reaction mixture is an effective way of ensuring that all the ethylene oxide is converted into products
(Se beskrivelsen af termisk oxidator og skrubning i afsnit 12.1.)
Optimisation of the water content in the reaction
I stedet for en termisk oxidator kan der benyttes et forbrændingsanlæg til kombineret behandling af flydende affald og restgas.
Water is used to accelerate the main reactions without changing the product distribution and without significant side reactions with ethylene oxide to glycols
Kaustisk skrubning er vådskrubning med et kaustisk middel tilsat for at gøre fjernelsen af HCl og chlor mere effektiv.
Only applicable for the aqueous process
Tabel 9.1
Optimise the process operating conditions
BAT-AEL'er for emissioner til luft af TVOC, tetrachlormetan, Cl2, HCl og PCDD/F fra TDI-/MDI-processen
Determine and maintain the optimum operating conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, residence time) to maximise the conversion of ethylene oxide to the desired mix of mono-, di-, triethanolamines
1-5 [26] [27]
BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (TDI) AND METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE (MDI) PRODUCTION
≤ 0,5 g/t produceret MDI [28]≤ 0,7 g/t produceret TDI [28]
The BAT conclusions in this section cover the production of:
2-10 [27]
dinitrotoluene (DNT) from toluene;
0,025-0,08 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 [27]
toluene diamine (TDA) from DNT;
BAT 67: For at reducere emissionerne til luft af PCDD/F fra en termisk oxidator (se afsnit 12.1), der behandler procesrøggasstrømme med indhold af chlor og/eller chlorerede forbindelser, er det BAT at anvende teknik a, om nødvendigt efterfulgt af teknik b angivet nedenfor.
TDI from TDA;
Hurtig quenching
methylene diphenyl diamine (MDA) from aniline;
Hurtig køling af forbrændingsgasser for at forebygge de novo-syntese af PCDD/F
MDI from MDA;
Indsprøjtning af aktivt kul
and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions given in Section 1.
Fjernelse af PCDD/F ved adsorption på aktivt kul, som indsprøjtes i forbrændingsgassen, efterfulgt af støvreduktion
BAT 64: In order to reduce the load of organic compounds, NOX, NOX precursors and SOX sent to the final waste gas treatment (see BAT 66) from DNT, TDA and MDA plants, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
BAT-relaterede emissionsniveauer (BAT-AEL'er): Se tabel 9.1.
In many cases, scrubbing efficiency is enhanced by the chemical reaction of the absorbed pollutant (partial oxidation of NOX with recovery of nitric acid, removal of acids with caustic solution, removal of amines with acidic solutions, reaction of aniline with formaldehyde in caustic solution)
BAT 68: Det er BAT at monitere emissioner til vand med mindst den frekvens, der er angivet nedenfor, og i overensstemmelse med EN-standarder.
Thermal reduction
Anlæg
Catalytic reduction
Prøveudtagningssted
BAT 65: In order to reduce the load of HCl and phosgene sent to the final waste gas treatment and to increase resource efficiency, BAT is to recover HCl and phosgene from the process off-gas streams of TDI and/or MDI plants by using an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
DNT-anlæg
Absorption of HCl by wet scrubbing
Udløb fra forbehandlingsenheden
See BAT 8d.
En gang om ugen [30]
Absorption of phosgene by scrubbing
MDI- og/eller TDI-anlæg
The excess phosgene is absorbed using an organic solvent and returned to the process
Udløb fra anlægget
HCl/phosgene condensation
En gang om måneden
BAT 66: In order to reduce emissions to air of organic compounds (including chlorinated hydrocarbons), HCl and chlorine, BAT is to treat combined waste gas streams using a thermal oxidiser followed by caustic scrubbing.
Anilin
The individual waste gas streams from DNT, TDA, TDI, MDA and MDI plants are combined to one or several waste gas streams for treatment.
MDA-anlæg
(See Section 12.1 for the descriptions of thermal oxidiser and scrubbing.)
Udløb fra den endelige spildevandsbehandling
Instead of a thermal oxidiser, an incinerator may be used for the combined treatment of liquid waste and the waste gas.
Chlorerede opløsningsmidler
Caustic scrubbing is wet scrubbing with caustic added to improve the HCl and chlorine removal efficiency.
Forskellige tilgængelige EN-standarder (f.eks. EN ISO 15680)
Table 9.1
BAT 69: For at reducere mængden af nitrit, nitrat og organiske forbindelser, der ledes fra DNT-anlægget til spildevandsbehandling, er det BAT at genvinde råmaterialer, reducere mængden af spildevand og genbruge vand ved at anvende en passende kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
BAT-AELs for emissions of TVOC, tetrachloromethane, Cl2, HCl and PCDD/F to air from the TDI/MDI process
Brug af meget koncentreret salpetersyre
1–5 [26] [27]
Brug meget koncentreret HNO3 (f.eks. 99 %) for at øge proceseffektiviteten og reducere spildevandsmængden og belastningen med forurenende stoffer
≤ 0,5 g/t MDI produced [28]≤ 0,7 g/t TDI produced [28]
Optimeret regenerering og genvinding af brugt syre
2–10 [27]
Foretag regenerering af brugt syre fra nitreringsreaktionen således, at vand og det organiske indhold også genvindes med genbrug for øje ved at anvende en passende kombination af inddampning/destillering, stripning og kondensering
0,025–0,08 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 [27]
Genbrug af procesvand til at vaske DNT
BAT 67: In order to reduce emissions to air of PCDD/F from a thermal oxidiser (see Section 12.1) treating process off-gas streams containing chlorine and/or chlorinated compounds, BAT is to use technique a, if necessary followed by technique b, given below.
Genbrug procesvand fra enheden til genvinding af brugt syre og nitreringsenheden til at vaske DNT
Rapid quenching
Genbrug af vand fra det første vasketrin i processen
Rapid cooling of exhaust gases to prevent the de novo synthesis of PCDD/F
Salpeter- og svovlsyre udvindes ved ekstraktion fra den organiske fase ved hjælp af vand.
Activated carbon injection
Det forsurede vand returneres til processen til direkte genbrug eller yderligere forarbejdning for at genvinde materialer
Removal of PCDD/F by adsorption onto activated carbon that is injected into the exhaust gas, followed by dust abatement
Mangfoldig brug og recirkulering af vand
BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs): See Table 9.1.
Genbrug vand fra vask, skylning og rensning af udstyr, f.eks. i flertrinsmodstrømsvask i den organiske fase
BAT 68: BAT is to monitor emissions to water with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards.
BAT-relateret spildevandsmængde: Se tabel 9.2.
Plant
BAT 70: For at reducere mængden af svært bionedbrydelige organiske forbindelser, der ledes fra DNT-anlægget til yderligere spildevandsbehandling, er det BAT at forbehandle spildevandet ved at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller dem begge.
Sampling point
Ekstraktion
DNT plant
Tabel 9.2
Once every week [30]
BAT-AEPL'er for udledning fra DNT-anlægget ved udløbet fra forbehandlingsenheden til yderligere spildevandsbehandling
BAT 70
(gennemsnitsværdi for en måned)
MDI and/or TDI plant
Specifik spildevandsmængde
Once every month
< 1 m3/t produceret DNT
BAT 72
Den tilknyttede monitering for TOC er beskrevet i BAT 68.
Aniline
Inddampning
Outlet of the final waste water treatment
Stripning
BAT 14
Genbrug af vand (f.eks. fra kondensater eller fra skrubning) i processen eller i andre processer (f.eks. i et DNT-anlæg).
Chlorinated solvents
Det omfang, i hvilket vand kan genbruges i eksisterende anlæg, kan være begrænset af tekniske vilkår
Various EN standards available (e.g. EN ISO 15680)
Tabel 9.3
BAT 69: In order to reduce the load of nitrite, nitrate and organic compounds discharged from the DNT plant to waste water treatment, BAT is to recover raw materials, to reduce the waste water volume and to reuse water by using an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
BAT-AEPL for udledning fra TDA-anlægget til spildevandsbehandling
Use of highly concentrated nitric acid
< 1 m3/t produceret TDA
Use highly concentrated HNO3 (e.g. about 99 %) to increase the process efficiency and to reduce the waste water volume and the load of pollutants
BAT 72: For at forebygge eller reducere den organiske belastning, der ledes fra MDI- og/eller TDI-anlæg til endelig spildevandsbehandling, er det BAT at genvinde opløsningsmidler og genbruge vand til optimering af design og drift af anlægget.
Optimised regeneration and recovery of spent acid
Tabel 9.4
Perform the regeneration of the spent acid from the nitration reaction in such a way that water and the organic content are also recovered for reuse, by using an appropriate combination of evaporation/distillation, stripping and condensation
BAT-AEPL for udledning fra et TDI- eller MDI-anlæg til spildevandsbehandling
Reuse of process water to wash DNT
(gennemsnitsværdi for et år)
Reuse process water from the spent acid recovery unit and the nitration unit to wash DNT
< 0,5 kg/t produkt (TDI eller MDI) [31]
Reuse of water from the first washing step in the process
Den tilknyttede monitering er beskrevet i BAT 68.
Nitric and sulphuric acid are extracted from the organic phase using water.
BAT 73: For at reducere den organiske belastning, der ledes fra et MDA-anlæg til yderligere spildevandsbehandling, er det BAT at genvinde organisk materiale ved hjælp af en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
The acidified water is returned to the process, for direct reuse or further processing to recover materials
Brugt til at befordre ekstraktion (se teknik b)
Multiple use and recirculation of water
Brugt til at genvinde/fjerne MDA
Reuse water from washing, rinsing and equipment cleaning e.g. in the counter-current multistep washing of the organic phase
Brugt til at genvinde/fjerne anilin og metanol
BAT-associated waste water volume: See Table 9.2.
For metanol afhænger anvendeligheden af vurderingen af alternative muligheder som led i strategien for håndtering og behandling af spildevand
BAT 70: In order to reduce the load of poorly biodegradable organic compounds discharged from the DNT plant to further waste water treatment, BAT is to pretreat the waste water using one or both of the techniques given below.
BAT 74: For at reducere den mængde organiske restprodukter, der sendes til bortskaffelse fra TDI-anlægget, er det BAT at anvende en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
Extraction
Se BAT 17b.
Chemical oxidation
Øget genvinding af TDI ved inddampning eller yderligere destillering
Table 9.2
Restprodukter fra destillering behandles yderligere for at genvinde så stor en mængde TDI derfra som muligt, f.eks. ved hjælp af et tyndfilmsinddampningsanlæg eller andre kortvejsdestillationsenheder efterfulgt af tørring.
BAT-AEPLs for discharge from the DNT plant at the outlet of the pretreatment unit to further waste water treatment
Genvinding af TDA ved kemisk reaktion
(average of values obtained during 1 month)
Tjærer behandles for at genvinde TDA ved kemisk reaktion (f.eks. hydrolyse).
< 1 kg/t DNT produced
BAT-KONKLUSIONER FOR FREMSTILLING AF ETHYLENDICHLORID OG VINYLCHLORIDMONOMER
Specific waste water volume
BAT-AEL for emissioner til luft fra en EDC-krakningsovn
< 1 m3/t DNT produced
BAT-AEL'er for emissioner til luft af NOX fra en EDC-krakningsovn
The associated monitoring for TOC is in BAT 68.
BAT-AEL'er [32] [33] [34](dagligt gennemsnit eller gennemsnit for prøvetagningsperioden)
BAT 71: In order to reduce waste water generation and the organic load discharged from the TDA plant to waste water treatment, BAT is to use a combination of techniques a., b. and c. and then to use technique d. as given below.
50-100
Evaporation
Teknikker og BAT-AEL for emissioner til luft fra andre kilder
Stripping
BAT 75: For at reducere den organiske belastning, der sendes til endelig restgasbehandling, og reducere råmaterialeforbruget er det BAT at anvende alle nedenstående teknikker.
Reuse of water (e.g. from condensates or from scrubbing) in the process or in other processes (e.g. in a DNT plant).
Kontrol af materialets kvalitet
The extent to which water can be reused at existing plants may be restricted by technical constraints
Kontrol af materialets kvalitet for at minimere dannelsen af restprodukter (f.eks. ethylens indhold af propan og acetylen, brominindholdet i chlor, acetylenindholdet i hydrogenchlorid)
Table 9.3
Brug af ilt i stedet for luft til oxychlorering
BAT-AEPL for discharge from the TDA plant to waste water treatment
Kan kun anvendes i nye oxychloreringsanlæg eller ved væsentlig renovering heraf
< 1 m3/t TDA produced
Teknikker til genvinding af organiske materialer
BAT 72: In order to prevent or reduce the organic load discharged from MDI and/or TDI plants to final waste water treatment, BAT is to recover solvents and reuse water by optimising the design and operation of the plant.
Kondensering ved brug af afkølet vand eller kølemidler
Table 9.4
Brug kondensering (se afsnit 12.1) med afkølet vand eller kølemidler såsom ammoniak eller propylen til at genvinde organiske forbindelser fra individuelle ventilationsgasstrømme, før de sendes til endelig behandling
BAT-AEPL for discharge to waste water treatment from a TDI or MDI plant
BAT 76: For at reducere emissionerne til luft af organiske forbindelser (herunder halogenerede forbindelser), HCl og Cl2 er det BAT at behandle de kombinerede restgasstrømme fra EDC og/eller VCM-produktion ved hjælp af en termisk oxidator efterfulgt af vådskrubning i to trin.
(average of values obtained during 1 year)
Se beskrivelsen af termisk oxidator, vådskrubning og kaustisk skrubning i afsnit 12.1.
< 0,5 kg/t product (TDI or MDI) [31]
Termisk oxidation kan udføres i et forbrændingsanlæg til flydende affald.
The associated monitoring is in BAT 68.
I så fald overstiger oxidationstemperaturen 1100 °C med en mindsteopholdstid på 2 sekunder og efterfølgende hurtig afkøling af forbrændingsgasserne til at forhindre de novo-syntese af PCDD/F.
BAT 73: In order to reduce the organic load discharged from a MDA plant to further waste water treatment, BAT is to recover organic material using one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Skrubning foregår i to trin: vådskrubning med vand og typisk genvinding af saltsyre efterfulgt af vådskrubning med kaustiske midler.
Used to facilitate extraction (see technique b)
Tabel 10.2
Used to recover/remove MDA
BAT-AEL'er for emissioner til luft af TVOC, summen af EDC og VCM, Cl2, HCl og PCDD/F fra produktionen af EDC/VCM
Used to recover/remove aniline and methanol
(mg/Nm3 ved 11 volumenprocent O2)
For methanol, the applicability depends on the assessment of alternative options as part of the waste water management and treatment strategy
0,5-5
BAT 74: In order to reduce the amount of organic residues being sent for disposal from the TDI plant, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.
Summen af EDC og VCM
See BAT 17b.
< 1-4
Increased recovery of TDI by evaporation or further distillation
2-10
Residues from distillation are additionally processed to recover the maximum amount of TDI contained therein, e.g. using a thin film evaporator or other short-path distillation units followed by a dryer.
0,025-0,08 ng I-TEQ/Nm3
Recovery of TDA by chemical reaction
BAT 77: For at reducere emissionerne til luft af PCDD/F fra en termisk oxidator (se afsnit 12.1), der behandler procesrøggasstrømme med indhold af chlor og/eller chlorerede forbindelser, er det BAT at anvende teknik a, om nødvendigt efterfulgt af teknik b angivet nedenfor.
Tars are processed to recover TDA by chemical reaction (e.g. hydrolysis).
BAT-relaterede emissionsniveauer (BAT-AEL'er): Se tabel 10.2.
BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE AND VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER PRODUCTION
BAT 78: For at reducere støv- og CO-emissionerne til luft fra afkoksning af krakningsrør er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker til at reducere afkoksningsfrekvensen og en af nedenstående reduktionsteknikker eller en kombination af disse.
BAT-AEL for emissions to air from an EDC cracker furnace
Optimering af mekanisk afkoksning
BAT-AELs for emissions to air of NOX from an EDC cracker furnace
Optimer mekanisk afkoksning (f.eks. sandsprøjtning) for at maksimere koksfjernelse som støv
BAT-AELs [32] [33] [34](daily average or average over the sampling period)
Kan kun anvendes til termisk afkoksning
50–100
BAT 79: Det er BAT at monitere emissioner til vand med mindst den frekvens, der er angivet nedenfor, og i overensstemmelse med EN-standarder.
Techniques and BAT-AEL for emissions to air from other sources
Alle anlæg
BAT 75: In order to reduce the organic load sent to the final waste gas treatment and to reduce raw material consumption, BAT is to use all of the techniques given below.
Udløb fra spildevandsstripperen
Control of feed quality
En gang om dagen
Control the quality of the feed to minimise the formation of residues (e.g. propane and acetylene content of ethylene; bromine content of chlorine; acetylene content of hydrogen chloride)
Oxychloreringsanlæg med fluidiseret leje
Use of oxygen instead of air for oxychlorination
Udløb fra forbehandlingen til fjernelse af faste stoffer
Only applicable to new oxychlorination plants or major oxychlorination plant upgrades
Forskellige tilgængelige EN-standarder, f.eks. EN ISO 11885, EN ISO 15586, EN ISO 17294-2
Techniques to recover organic material
En gang om dagen [35]
Condensation using chilled water or refrigerants
En gang hver tredje måned
Use condensation (see Section 12.1) with chilled water or refrigerants such as ammonia or propylene to recover organic compounds from individual vent gas streams before sending them to final treatment
BAT 14 og BAT 81
BAT 76: In order to reduce emissions to air of organic compounds (including halogenated compounds), HCl and Cl2, BAT is to treat the combined waste gas streams from EDC and/or VCM production by using a thermal oxidiser followed by two-stage wet scrubbing.
BAT 14 og BAT 80
For the description of thermal oxidiser, wet and caustic scrubbing, see Section 12.1.
BAT 80: For at reducere mængden af chlorerede forbindelser, der ledes til yderligere spildevandsbehandling, og reducere emissionerne til luft fra spildevandsopsamlings- og -behandlingssystemet er det BAT at anvende hydrolyse og stripning så tæt på kilden som muligt.
Thermal oxidation can be carried out in a liquid waste incineration plant.
Se beskrivelsen af hydrolyse og stripning i afsnit 12.2.
In this case, the oxidation temperature exceeds 1100 °C with a minimum residence time of 2 seconds, with subsequent rapid cooling of exhaust gases to prevent the de novo synthesis of PCDD/F.
Hydrolyse foregår ved alkalisk pH-værdi for at nedbryde kloralhydrat fra oxychloreringsprocessen.
Scrubbing is carried out in two stages: Wet scrubbing with water and, typically, recovery of hydrochloric acid, followed by wet scrubbing with caustic.
Dette resulterer i dannelse af chloroform, som derefter fjernes ved stripning sammen med EDC og VCM.
Table 10.2
BAT-relaterede niveauer for miljøeffektivitet (BAT-AEPL'er): Se tabel 10.3.
BAT-AELs for emissions of TVOC, the sum of EDC and VCM, Cl2, HCl and PCDD/F to air from the production of EDC/VCM
BAT-relaterede emissionsniveauer (BAT-AEL'er) for direkte emissioner til en recipient ved udløbet fra den endelige behandling: Se tabel 10.5.
(mg/Nm3, at 11 vol-% O2)
Tabel 10.3
0,5–5
BAT-AEPL'er for chlorerede kulbrinter i spildevand ved udløbet fra en spildevandsstripper
Sum of EDC and VCM
(gennemsnitsværdi for en måned) [36]
< 1–4
0,1-0,4 mg/l
2–10
Den tilknyttede monitering er beskrevet i BAT 79.
0,025–0,08 ng I-TEQ/Nm3
BAT 81: For at reducere emissionerne til vand af PCDD/F og kobber fra oxychloreringsprocessen er det BAT at anvende teknik a eller alternativt teknik b sammen med en passende kombination af nedenstående teknik c, d og e.
BAT 77: In order to reduce emissions to air of PCDD/F from a thermal oxidiser (see Section 12.1) treating process off-gas streams containing chlorine and/or chlorinated compounds, BAT is to use technique a, if necessary followed by technique b, given below.
Design med fast leje til oxychlorering
BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs): See Table 10.2.
Design af oxychloreringsreaktor: I reaktoren med fast leje reduceres katalysatorpartikler, som er iblandet den overliggende gasformige strøm
BAT 78: In order to reduce emissions to air of dust and CO from the decoking of the cracker tubes, BAT is to use one of the techniques to reduce the frequency of decoking given below and one or a combination of the abatement techniques given below.
Kan ikke anvendes i eksisterende anlæg med fluidiseret leje
Optimisation of mechanical decoking
Cyklon eller tørkatalysatorfiltreringssystem
Optimise mechanical decoking (e.g. sand jetting) to maximise coke removal as dust
En cyklon eller et tørkatalysatorfiltreringssystem reducerer katalysatortabene fra reaktoren og dermed også overførslen af dem til spildevandet
Only applicable to thermal decoking
Kan kun anvendes i anlæg med fluidiseret leje
BAT 79: BAT is to monitor emissions to water with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards.
Forbehandling af spildevand
All plants
Kemisk fældning bruges til at fjerne opløst kobber
Once every day
Koagulering og flokkulering
BAT 80
Membranfiltrering (mikro- eller ultrafiltrering)
Oxy-chlorination plant using the fluidised-bed design
Tabel 10.4
Outlet of the pretreatment for solids removal
0,4-0,6 mg/l
Once every day [35]
10-30 mg/l
BAT 81
Tabel 10.5
Once every 3 months
BAT-AEL'er for direkte emissioner af kobber, EDC og PCDD/F til en recipient fra EDC-produktion
BAT 14 and BAT 81
0,04-0,2 g/t EDC produceret ved oxychlorering [37]
BAT 14 and BAT 80
0,01-0,05 g/t renset EDC [38] [39]
BAT 80: In order to reduce the load of chlorinated compounds discharged to further waste water treatment and to reduce emissions to air from the waste water collection and treatment system, BAT is to use hydrolysis and stripping as close as possible to the source.
0,1- 0,3 μg I-TEQ/t EDC produceret ved oxychlorering
For the description of hydrolysis and stripping, see Section 12.2.
BAT 82: For at opnå effektiv energiudnyttelse er det BAT at anvende en kogereaktor til den direkte chlorering af ethylen.
Hydrolysis is carried out at alkaline pH to decompose chloral hydrate from the oxychlorination process.
Reaktionen i kogereaktorsystemet med henblik på den direkte chlorering af ethylen foregår typisk ved en temperatur i intervallet fra under 85 oC til 200 oC.
This results in the formation of chloroform which is then removed by stripping, together with EDC and VCM.
I modsætning til processen ved lav temperatur giver den mulighed for effektiv genvinding og genbrug af reaktionsvarmen (f.eks. til destillering af EDC).
BAT-associated environmental performance levels (BAT-AEPLs): See Table 10.3.
Kan kun anvendes i nye direkte chloreringsanlæg.
BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for direct emissions to a receiving water body at the outlet of the final treatment: See Table 10.5.
BAT 83: For at reducere energiforbruget i EDC-krakningsovne er det BAT at anvende additiver til forbedring af den kemiske omdannelse
Table 10.3
Forbedringsadditiver som chlor eller andre radikaldannende arter bruges til at fremme krakningsreaktionen og reducere reaktionstemperaturen og derfor det nødvendige varmeinput.
BAT-AEPLs for chlorinated hydrocarbons in waste water at the outlet of a waste water stripper
Forbedringsadditiver kan dannes af processen selv eller tilsættes.
(average of values obtained during 1 month) [36]
BAT 84: For at reducere den mængde koks, der sendes til bortskaffelse fra VCM-anlæg, er det BAT at anvende en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
0,1–0,4 mg/l
Brug af forbedringsadditiver i krakning
The associated monitoring is in BAT 79.
Se BAT 83
BAT 81: In order to reduce emissions to water of PCDD/F and copper from the oxychlorination process, BAT is to use technique a. or, alternatively, technique b together with an appropriate combination of techniques c., d. and e. given below.
Hurtig quenching af den gasformige strøm fra EDC-krakning
Fixed-bed design for oxychlorination
Quenching af den gasformige strøm fra EDC-krakning sker ved direkte kontakt med kold EDC i et tårn for at reducere koksdannelsen.
Oxychlorination reaction design: in the fixed-bed reactor, catalyst particulates entrained in the overhead gaseous stream are reduced