natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den øvre ende af BAT-AEL-intervallet er 15 mg/Nm3 for anlæg, der var sat i drift senest den 7. januar 2014.
Filtration
Disse BAT-AEL'er finder kun anvendelse på anlæg, som anvender brændsel udledt af kemiske processer, der involverer chlorerede stoffer.
The separation of solids from waste water by passing it through a porous medium.
Forummet, der bestod af repræsentanter for medlemsstaterne, de berørte industrier og ngo'er inden for miljøbeskyttelse, og som var nedsat ved Kommissionens afgørelse af 16. maj 2011 [2], fremsendte den 20. oktober 2016 sin udtalelse om det foreslåede indhold af BAT-referencedokumentet for store fyringsanlæg til Kommissionen.
It includes different types of techniques, e.g. sand filtration, microfiltration and ultrafiltration.
Udtalelsen er offentligt tilgængelig.
The separation of solid or liquid particles from waste water by attaching them to fine gas bubbles, usually air.
Overvågning af emissioner til luft og vand fra IED-anlæg (ROM)
The buoyant particles accumulate at the water surface and are collected with skimmers.
Fremstilling af papirmasse, papir og pap (PP)
The retention of ionic pollutants from waste water and their replacement by more acceptable ions using an ion exchange resin.
En CCGT er et fyringsanlæg, hvor der anvendes to termodynamiske cyklusser (Brayton-cyklus og Rankine-cyklus).
The pollutants are temporarily retained and afterwards released into a regeneration or backwashing liquid.
I en CCGT konverteres varmen fra røggassen i en gasturbine (der producerer elektricitet i en Brayton-cyklus) til nytteenergi i en dampgenerator til varmegenvinding (HRSG), hvor den anvendes til at producere damp, der herefter udvider sig i en dampturbine (der producerer yderligere elektricitet i en Rankine-cyklus).
The adjustment of the pH of the waste water to the neutral pH level (approximately 7) by adding chemicals.
Nettoelvirkningsgrad (%) [39]
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is generally used to increase the pH whereas sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) or carbon dioxide (CO2) is generally used to decrease the pH.
100-150
The precipitation of some pollutants may occur during neutralisation.
100-270
Oil-water separation
155-200
The removal of free oil from waste water by gravity separation using devices such as the American Petroleum Institute separator, a corrugated plate interceptor, or a parallel plate interceptor.
165-330
Oil-water separation is normally followed by flotation, supported by coagulation/flocculation.
50-100
In some cases, emulsion breaking may be needed prior to oil-water separation.
100-180
The conversion of pollutants by chemical oxidising agents to similar compounds that are less hazardous and/or easier to abate.
80-130
In the case of waste water from the use of wet abatement systems, air may be used to oxidise sulphite (SO32–) to sulphate (SO42–).
155-210
The conversion of dissolved pollutants into insoluble compounds by adding chemical precipitants.
< 30-140
The solid precipitates formed are subsequently separated by sedimentation, flotation or filtration.
< 30-100 [55]
Typical chemicals used for metal precipitation are lime, dolomite, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphide and organosulphides.
< 5-100 [55]
Calcium salts (other than lime) are used to precipitate sulphate or fluoride.
2-8
The separation of suspended solids by gravitational settling.
Nettoelvirkningsgrad (%) [76]
The removal of purgeable pollutants (e.g. ammonia) from waste water by contact with a high flow of a gas current in order to transfer them to the gas phase.
70-150 [82]
The pollutants are removed from the stripping gas in a downstream treatment and may potentially be reused.
70-225 [83]
Commission Implementing Decision 2012/249/EU of 7 May 2012 concerning the determination of start-up and shut-down periods for the purposes of Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions (OJ L 123, 9.5.2012, p.
120-200 [84]
44).
120-275 [85]
For any parameter where, due to sampling or analytical limitations, 30-minute measurement is inappropriate, a suitable sampling period is employed.
100-300
For PCDD/F, a sampling period of 6 to 8 hours is used.
50-140
In the case of CHP units, if for technical reasons the performance test cannot be carried out with the unit operated at full load for the heat supply, the test can be supplemented or substituted by a calculation using full load parameters.
50-180
The continuous measurement of the water vapour content of the flue-gas is not necessary if the sampled flue-gas is dried before analysis.
100-200
Generic EN standards for continuous measurements are EN 15267-1, EN 15267-2, EN 15267-3, and EN 14181.
100-220
EN standards for periodic measurements are given in the table.
40-140
The monitoring frequency does not apply where plant operation would be for the sole purpose of performing an emission measurement.
40-150 [86]
In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months.
65-150
For gas turbines, periodic monitoring is carried out with a combustion plant load of > 70 %.
95-165 [87]
For co-incineration of waste with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat, the monitoring frequency needs to also take into account Part 6 of Annex VI to the IED.
15-70
In the case of use of SCR, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year, if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
15-100
In the case of natural-gas-fired turbines with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1500 h/yr, or in the case of existing OCGTs, PEMS may be used instead.
30-175
PEMS may be used instead.
30-215
Two sets of measurements are carried out, one with the plant operated at loads of > 70 % and the other one at loads of < 70 %.
< 10-50
As an alternative to the continuous measurement in the case of plants combusting oil with a known sulphur content and where there is no flue-gas desulphurisation system, periodic measurements at least once every three months and/or other procedures ensuring the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality may be used to determine the SO2 emissions.
< 10-70 [90]
In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted for plants of < 100 MWth after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.
< 20-85
If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every year.
< 20-175 [91]
In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.
< 10-35
In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year.
< 10-50 [90]
In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated between 500 h/yr and 1500 h/yr, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to at least once every six months.
< 20-70
If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every six months.
< 20-85 [92]
In the case of plants combusting iron and steel process gases, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
Nettoelvirkningsgrad (%) [121]
The list of pollutants monitored and the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.
Nettoelvirkningsgrad (%) [134]
In the case of plants operated < 1500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months.
Eksisterende OCGT med en effekt på ≥ 50 MWth (undtagen turbiner til mekaniske drev): < 5-40 mg/Nm3.
In the case of plants operated < 1500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year.
Den øvre ende af dette interval vil generelt være 80 mg/Nm3 for anlæg, hvor der ikke kan monteres tørteknikker til NOX-reduktion, eller 50 mg/Nm3 for anlæg, der kører med lav belastning.
Continuous sampling combined with frequent analysis of time-integrated samples, e.g. by a standardised sorbent trap monitoring method, may be used as an alternative to continuous measurements.
25-150
If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable due to the low mercury content in the fuel, periodic measurements may be carried out only each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.
50-200 [180]
The minimum monitoring frequency does not apply in the case of plants operated < 1500 h/yr.
10-45
Measurements are carried out with the plant operated at loads of > 70 %.
20-70
In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, monitoring is only applicable when the fuels contain chlorinated substances.
Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V (mg/Nm3)
TOC monitoring and COD monitoring are alternatives.
Disse BAT-AEL'er finder anvendelse på gnisttændte motorer og dobbeltbrændstofmotorer.
TOC monitoring is the preferred option because it does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
De finder ikke anvendelse på gas- og dieselmotorer.
The list of substances/parameters characterised can be reduced to only those that can reasonably be expected to be present in the fuel(s) based on information on the raw materials and the production processes.
Spildevands- og luftrensning og dertil hørende styringssystemer i den kemiske sektor (CWW)
This characterisation is carried out without prejudice of application of the waste pre-acceptance and acceptance procedure set in BAT 60(a), which may lead to the characterisation and/or checking of other substances/parameters besides those listed here.
Serien af de kemiske BREF dokumenter (LVOC mv.)
The descriptions of the techniques are given in Section 8.6
BAT 1 For at forbedre de overordnede miljøpræstationer er det BAT at indføre og overholde et miljøledelsessystem (EMS), der omfatter alle de følgende elementer:
Either the BAT-AEL for TOC or the BAT-AEL for COD applies.
BAT 2 Det er BAT at fastlægge nettoelvirkningsgraden og/eller nettobrændselsudnyttelsen og/eller den mekaniske nettoenergieffektivitet for forgasnings-, IGCC- og/eller forbrændingsenhederne ved at udføre en effektivitetstest ved fuld belastning [3] i overensstemmelse med EN-standarder efter ibrugtagningen af enheden og efter hver ændring, der kan påvirke enhedens nettoelvirkningsgrad og/eller nettobrændselsudnyttelsen og/eller mekaniske nettoenergieffektivitet.
TOC is the preferred option because its monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
BAT 3 BAT er at overvåge vigtige procesparametre, der er relevante for emissioner til luft og vand, herunder nedenstående.
This BAT-AEL applies after subtraction of the intake load.
BAT 4 Det er BAT at overvåge emissioner til luft med mindst den hyppighed, der er angivet nedenfor, og i overensstemmelse med EN-standarder.
This BAT-AEL only applies to waste water from the use of wet FGD.
BAT 5 Det er BAT at overvåge emissioner til vand fra røggasrensning med mindst den hyppighed, der er angivet nedenfor, og i overensstemmelse med EN-standarder.
This BAT-AEL only applies to combustion plants using calcium compounds in flue-gas treatment.
BAT 6 For at forbedre fyringsanlægs overordnede miljøpræstationer og reducere emissionerne til luft af CO og uforbrændte stoffer er det den bedste tilgængelige teknik at sikre optimeret forbrænding og at anvende en passende kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range may not apply in the case of highly saline waste water (e.g. chloride concentrations ≥ 5 g/l) due to the increased solubility of calcium sulphate.
BAT 7 For at reducere emissionerne af ammoniak til luft fra brug af selektiv katalytisk reduktion (SCR) og/eller selektiv ikke-katalytisk reduktion (SNCR) ved reduktion af NOX-emissioner er det BAT at optimere designet og/eller driften af SCR og/eller SNCR (f.eks. optimeret reagens til NOX-forhold, homogen reagensfordeling og optimal størrelse af reagensdråberne).
This BAT-AEL does not apply to discharges to the sea or to brackish water bodies.
BAT 8 For at forhindre eller reducere emissionerne til luft under normale driftsbetingelser er det BAT at sikre, at emissionsreduktionssystemerne anvendes ved optimal kapacitet og med optimal tilgængelighed ved at sikre et hensigtsmæssig design, drift og vedligeholdelse.
These BAT-AEELs do not apply in the case of units operated < 1500 h/yr.
BAT 9 For at forbedre fyrings- og/eller forgasningsanlægs overordnede miljøpræstationer og reducere emissionerne til luft er det BAT at inkludere følgende elementer i kvalitetssikrings-/kvalitetskontrolprogrammerne for alle anvendte brændsler som led i miljøledelsessystemet (se BAT 1):
In the case of CHP units, only one of the two BAT-AEELs ‘Net electrical efficiency’ or ‘Net total fuel utilisation’ applies, depending on the CHP unit design (i.e. either more oriented towards electricity generation or towards heat generation).
BAT 10 For at reducere emissionerne til luft og/eller til vand under andre end de normale driftsbetingelser (OTNOC) er det BAT at opstille og gennemføre en håndteringsplan som en del af miljøledelsessystemet (se BAT 1), der står i et rimeligt forhold til relevansen af den potentielle udledning af forurenende stoffer, og som omfatter følgende elementer:
The lower end of the range may correspondent to cases where the achieved energy efficiency is negatively affected (up to four percentage points) by the type of cooling system used or the geographical location of the unit.
BAT 11 Det er BAT at overvåge emissioner til luft og/eller til vand behørigt under OTNOC.
These levels may not be achievable if the potential heat demand is too low.
BAT 12 Det er BAT at gøre forbrændings-, forgasnings- og IGCC-enheder, der drives ≥ 1500 t/år, mere effektive ved at anvende en passende kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
These BAT-AEELs do not apply to plants generating only electricity.
BAT 13 For at reducere vandforbruget og mængden af forurenet spildevand, som udledes, er det BAT at anvende en af eller begge de nedenstående teknikker.
The lower ends of the BAT-AEEL ranges are achieved in the case of unfavourable climatic conditions, low-grade lignite-fired units, and/or old units (first commissioned before 1985).
BAT 14 For at hindre forurening af uforurenet spildevand og for at reducere emissionerne til vand er det BAT at adskille spildevandsstrømme og at behandle dem adskilt afhængigt af indholdet af forurenende stoffer.
The higher end of the BAT-AEEL range can be achieved with high steam parameters (pressure, temperature).
BAT 15 Den bedste tilgængelige teknik til at reducere emissionerne til vand fra røggasrensning er at anvende en passende kombination af nedenstående teknikker og at anvende teknikker så tæt på kilden som muligt for at undgå fortynding.
The achievable electrical efficiency improvement depends on the specific unit, but an increase of more than three percentage points is considered as reflecting the use of BAT for existing units, depending on the original design of the unit and on the retrofits already performed.
BAT 16 For at reducere den mængde affald, der sendes til bortskaffelse, fra forbrændings- og/eller forgasningsprocessen og reduktionsteknikker, er det BAT at tilrettelægge aktiviteterne med henblik på at maksimere følgende i prioriteret rækkefølge og ud fra en livscyklustankegang:
In the case of units burning lignite with a lower heating value below 6 MJ/kg, the lower end of the BAT-AEEL range is 41,5 %.
BAT 17 For at reducere støjemissioner er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
The higher end of the BAT-AEEL range may be up to 46 % in the case of units of ≥ 600 MWth using supercritical or ultra-supercritical steam conditions.
BAT 18 For at forbedre de overordnede miljøpræstationer i forbindelse med forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul og ud over BAT 6 er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
The higher end of the BAT-AEEL range may be up to 44 % in the case of units of ≥ 600 MWth using supercritical or ultra-supercritical steam conditions.
BAT 19 Den bedste tilgængelige teknik til at gøre forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul mere effektiv er at anvende en passende kombination af teknikkerne angivet i BAT 12 og nedenfor.
These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1500 h/yr.
BAT 20 For at forebygge eller reducere NOx-emissionerne til luft og samtidig begrænse CO- og N2O-emissionerne til luft fra forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
In the case of coal-fired PC boiler plants put into operation no later than 1 July 1987, which are operated < 1500 h/yr and for which SCR and/or SNCR is not applicable, the higher end of the range is 340 mg/Nm3.
BAT 21 For at forebygge eller reducere SOx-, HCl- og HF-emissionerne til luft fra forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
150-200
The lower end of the range is considered achievable when using SCR.
150-360
The higher end of the range is 175 mg/Nm3 for FBC boilers put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and for lignite-fired PC boilers.
170-220
The higher end of the range is 220 mg/Nm3 for FBC boilers put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and for lignite-fired PC boilers.
170-400
In the case of plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014, the higher end of the range is 200 mg/Nm3 for plants operated ≥ 1500 h/yr, and 220 mg/Nm3 for plants operated < 1500 h/yr.
80-150
The higher end of the range may be up to 140 mg/Nm3 in the case of limitations due to boiler design, and/or in the case of fluidised bed boilers not fitted with secondary abatement techniques for NOX emissions reduction.
95-200
In the case of plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014, the upper end of the BAT-AEL range is 250 mg/Nm3.
135-200
The lower end of the range can be achieved with the use of low-sulphur fuels in combination with the most advanced wet abatement system designs.
135-220 [58]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 220 mg/Nm3 in the case of plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and operated < 1500 h/yr.
10-75
For other existing plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 205 mg/Nm3.
10-130 [59]
For circulating fluidised bed boilers, the lower end of the range can be achieved by using high-efficiency wet FGD.
25-110
The higher end of the range can be achieved by using boiler in-bed sorbent injection.
25-165 [60]
The lower end of these BAT-AEL ranges may be difficult to achieve in the case of plants fitted with wet FGD and a downstream gas-gas heater.
20-75
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 20 mg/Nm3 in the following cases: plants combusting fuels where the average chlorine content is 1000 mg/kg (dry) or higher; plants operated < 1500 h/yr; FBC boilers.
20-180
For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
50-220
In the case of plants fitted with wet FGD with a downstream gas-gas heater, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 7 mg/Nm3.
2-10 [63]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 7 mg/Nm3 in the following cases: plants fitted with wet FGD with a downstream gas-gas heater; plants operated < 1500 h/yr; FBC boilers.
1-5 [63] [64]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 28 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
< 1-3
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 25 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
< 1-6 [65]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 12 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
< 1-2
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 20 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
< 1-3 [65]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 14 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
BAT 22 For at reducere emissioner af støv og partikelbundet metal til luft fra forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
The lower end of the BAT-AEL range can be achieved with specific mercury abatement techniques.
2-5
The lower end of the range may correspond to cases where the achieved energy efficiency is negatively affected (up to four percentage points) by the type of cooling system used or the geographical location of the unit.
2-18
The lower end of the range may be down to 32 % in the case of units of < 150 MWth burning high-moisture biomass fuels.
4-16
For combustion plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
4-22 [68]
For plants burning fuels where the average potassium content is 2000 mg/kg (dry) or higher, and/or the average sodium content is 300 mg/kg or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 200 mg/Nm3.
2-14
For plants burning fuels where the average potassium content is 2000 mg/kg (dry) or higher, and/or the average sodium content is 300 mg/kg or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 250 mg/Nm3.
4-22 [69]
For plants burning fuels where the average potassium content is 2000 mg/kg (dry) or higher, and/or the average sodium content is 300 mg/kg or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 260 mg/Nm3.
300-1000
For plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and burning fuels where the average potassium content is 2000 mg/kg (dry) or higher, and/or the average sodium content is 300 mg/kg or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 310 mg/Nm3.
2-10 [70]
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 160 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
3-10
The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 200 mg/Nm3 for plants put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.
3-11 [71]
For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.
3-11 [72]
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 100 mg/Nm3.
BAT 23 For at forebygge eller reducere kviksølvemissionerne til luft fra forbrændingen af kul og/eller brunkul er det BAT at anvende én eller en kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 215 mg/Nm3.
< 1-5
For existing plants burning fuels where the average sulphur content is 0,1 wt-% (dry) or higher, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 165 mg/Nm3, or 215 mg/Nm3 if those plants have been put into operation no later than 7 January 2014 and/or are FBC boilers combusting peat.
< 1-9
For plants burning fuels where the average chlorine content is ≥ 0,1 wt-% (dry), or for existing plants co-combusting biomass with sulphur-rich fuel (e.g. peat) or using alkali chloride-converting additives (e.g. elemental sulphur), the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for new plants is 15 mg/Nm3, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range for the yearly average for existing plants is 25 mg/Nm3.
< 1-10
The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to these plants.
< 1-4
The daily average BAT-AEL range does not apply to plants operated < 1500 h/yr.