natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
NOEC (nuleffektkoncentration, No Observed Effect Concentration) er den testkemikaliekoncentration, hvor der ikke observeres nogen virkning.
This is not necessary for crop protection products tested as formulations.
Fytotoksicitet:
Verification of test chemical concentration/rate
Skadelige afvigelser (ved måling og visuelle bedømmelse) fra planternes normale mønster for udseende og vækst som reaktion på et givet kemikalie.
The concentrations/rates of application must be confirmed by an appropriate analytical verification.
Replikat er den forsøgsenhed, der repræsenterer kontrolgruppen og/eller behandlingsgruppen.
For soluble chemicals, verification of all test concentrations/rates can be confirmed by analysis of the highest concentration test solution used for the test with documentation on subsequent dilution and use of calibrated application equipment (e.g., calibrated analytical glassware, calibration of sprayer application equipment).
I disse undersøgelser defineres potten som replikaten.
For insoluble chemicals, verification of compound material must be provided with weights of the test chemical added to the soil.
Visuel bedømmelse:
If demonstration of homogeneity is required, analysis of the soil may be necessary.
Bedømmelse af visuelle skader baseret på iagttagelse af plantetæthed, vækstkraft, misdannelse, chlorose, nekrose og generelt udseende sammenlignet med en kontrol.
PROCEDURE
Testkemikalie:
Test design
Alle stoffer eller blandinger, der testes ved hjælp af denne testmetode.
Seeds of the same species are planted in pots.
Endeligt præparat:
The number of seeds planted per pot will depend upon the species, pot size and test duration.
det kommercielt tilgængelige formulerede produkt, som indeholder det aktive kemikalie (den aktive bestanddel).
The number of plants per pot should provide adequate growth conditions and avoid overcrowding for the duration of the test.
Liste over arter, der historisk har været anvendt til plantetestning
The maximum plant density would be around 3 - 10 seeds per 100 cm2 depending to the size of the seeds.
Familie
As an example, one to two corn, soybean, tomato, cucumber, or sugar beet plants per 15 cm container;
Art
three rape or pea plants per 15 cm container;
Generisk navn
and 5 to 10 onion, wheat, or other small seeds per 15 cm container are recommended.
Gulerod
The number of seeds and replicate pots (the replicate is defined as a pot, therefore plants within the same pot do not constitute a replicate) should be adequate for optimal statistical analysis (21).
Solsikke
It should be noted that variability will be greater for test species using fewer large seeds per pot (replicate), when compared to test species where it is possible to use greater numbers of small seeds per pot.
Salat
By planting equal seed numbers in each pot this variability may be minimized.
Gul sennep
Control groups are used to assure that effects observed are associated with or attributed only to the test chemical exposure.
Kinakål
The appropriate control group should be identical in every respect to the test group except for exposure to the test chemical.
Raps
Within a given test, all test plants including the controls should be from the same source.
Kål
To prevent bias, random assignment of test and control pots is required.
Majroe
Seeds coated with an insecticide or fungicide (i.e. “dressed” seeds) should be avoided.
Havekarse
However, the use of certain non-systemic contact fungicides (e.g. captan, thiram) is permitted by some regulatory authorities (22).
Radise
If seed-borne pathogens are a concern, the seeds may be soaked briefly in a weak 5 % hypochlorite solution, then rinsed extensively in running water and dried.
Sukkerroe
No remedial treatment with other crop protection product is allowed.
Almindelig agurk
The test conditions should approximate those conditions necessary for normal growth for the species and varieties tested (Appendix 4 provides examples of test condition).
Sojabønne
The emerging plants should be maintained under good horticultural practices in controlled environment chambers, phytotrons, or greenhouses.
Mungbønne
When using growth facilities these practices usually include control and adequately frequent (e.g. daily) recording of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light (intensity, wave length, photosynthetically active radiation) and light period, means of watering, etc., to assure good plant growth as judged by the control plants of the selected species.
Havebønne Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Greenhouse temperatures should be controlled through venting, heating and/or cooling systems.
Bukkehornsfrø
The following conditions are generally recommended for greenhouse testing:
Kællingetand
temperature:
Fodervikke
photoperiod:
Hør
minimum 16 hour light;
Boghvede
light intensity:
Tomat
Additional lighting may be necessary if intensity decreases below 200 μE/m2/s, wavelength 400 - 700 nm except for certain species whose light requirements are less.
Løg
Environmental conditions should be monitored and reported during the course of the study.
Havre
The plants should be grown in non-porous plastic or glazed pots with a tray or saucer under the pot.
Byg
The pots may be repositioned periodically to minimize variability in growth of the plants (due to differences in test conditions within the growth facilities).
Almindelig rajgræs
The pots must be large enough to allow normal growth.
Ris
Soil nutrients may be supplemented as needed to maintain good plant vigour.
Rug
The need and timing of additional nutrients can be judged by observation of the control plants.
Sorghum, durra
Bottom watering of test containers (e.g. by using glass fiber wicks) is recommended.
Hvede
However, initial top watering can be used to stimulate seed germination and, for soil surface application it facilitates movement of the chemical into the soil.
Majs
The specific growing conditions should be appropriate for the species tested and the test chemical under investigation.
Liste over potentielle vilde arter
Control and treated plants must be kept under the same environmental conditions, however, adequate measures should be taken to prevent cross exposure (e.g. of volatile chemicals) among different treatments and of the controls to the test chemical.
OECD — vilde arter, der kan anvendes til testning af toksicitet for planter.
Testing at a single concentration/rate
Nedenstående tabel indeholder oplysninger om 52 vilde arter (henvisninger er anført i parentes for hver art).
In order to determine the appropriate concentration/rate of a chemical for conducting a single-concentration or rate (challenge/limit) test, a number of factors must be considered.
De angivne spiringshastigheder stammer fra offentliggjort litteratur og er blot angivet som generel vejledning.
For general chemicals, these include the physical/chemical properties of the chemical.
Individuelle erfaringer kan variere afhængigt af frøkilden og andre faktorer.
For crop protection products, the physical/chemical properties and use pattern of the test chemical, its maximum concentration or application rate, the number of applications per season and/or the persistence of the test chemical need to be considered.
FAMILIE
To determine whether a general chemical possesses phytotoxic properties, it may be appropriate to test at a maximum level of 1000 mg/kg dry soil.
Artens botaniske navn (dansk generisk navn)
When necessary a range-finding test could be performed to provide guidance on concentrations/rates to be tested in definitive dose-response study.
Levetid [1] og levested
For the range-finding test, the test concentrations/rates should be widely spaced (e.g. 0,1, 1,0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg dry soil).
Vægt af frø
For crop protection products concentrations/rates could be based on the recommended or maximum concentration or application rate, e.g. 1/100, 1/10, 1/1 of the recommended/maximum concentration or application rate.
Lysperiode til spiring eller vækst [2]
Testing at multiple concentrations/rates
Plantedybde
The purpose of the multiple concentration/rate test is to establish a dose-response relationship and to determine an ECx or ERx value for emergence, biomass and/or visual effects compared to un-exposed controls, as required by regulatory authorities.
Tid til spiring
The number and spacing of the concentrations or rates should be sufficient to generate a reliable dose-response relationship and regression equation and give an estimate of the ECx. or ERx.
(dage) [4]
The selected concentrations/rates should encompass the ECx or ERx values that are to be determined.
Særlige behandlinger [5]
For example, if an EC50 value is required it would be desirable to test at rates that produce a 20 to 80 % effect.
Toksicitetstest [6]
The recommended number of test concentrations/rates to achieve this is at least five in a geometric series plus untreated control, and spaced by a factor not exceeding three.
Leverandør af frø [7]
For each treatment and control group, the number of replicates should be at least four and the total number of seeds should be at least 20.
Andre henvisninger [8]
More replicates of certain plants with low a germination rate or variable growth habits may be needed to increase the statistical power of the test.
(hvas randfrø)
If a larger number of test concentrations/rates are used, the number of replicates may be reduced.
А, В forstyrrede områder, hække, græsarealer (16, 19)
If the NOEC is to be estimated, more replicates may be needed to obtain the desired statistical power (23).
kold stratificering (7, 14, 18, 19) modning kan være nødvendig (19) spiring hæmmes af mørke (1, 19) ingen særlig behandling (5)
Observations
(almindelig tusindfryd)
During the observation period, i.e. 14 to 21 days after 50 % of the control plants (also solvent controls if applicable) have emerged, the plants are observed frequently (at least weekly and if possible daily) for emergence and visual phytotoxicity and mortality.
græsarealer, agerjord, græsplæner (16, 19)
At the end of the test, measurement of percent emergence and biomass of surviving plants should be recorded, as well as visible detrimental effects on different parts of the plant.
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (18, 19) ingen særlig behandling (4, 14)
The latter include abnormalities in appearance of the emerged seedlings, stunted growth, chlorosis, discoloration, mortality, and effects on plant development.
(kornblomst)
The final biomass can be measured using final average dry shoot weight of surviving plants, by harvesting the shoot at the soil surface and drying them to constant weight at 60 °C.
marker, vejkanter, åbne områder (16)
Alternatively, the final biomass can be measured using fresh shoot weight.
4,1-4,9 (4, 14)
The height of the shoot may be another endpoint, if required by regulatory authorities.
ingen særlig behandling (2, 4)
A uniform scoring system for visual injury should be used to evaluate the observable toxic responses.
(sort knopurt)
Examples for performing qualitative and quantitative visual ratings are provided in references (23) (24).
marker, vejkanter, åbne områder (16, 19)
Statistical analysis
modning kan være nødvendig (18, 19) spiring hæmmes af mørke (19) ingen særlig behandling (5, 14, 26)
Single concentration/rate test
(lægealant)
Data for each plant species should be analyzed using an appropriate statistical method (21).
fugtige, forstyrrede områder
The level of effect at the test concentration/rate should be reported, or the lack of reaching a given effect at the test concentration/rate (e.g., < x % effect observed at y concentration or rate)
ingen særlig behandling (4)
Multiple concentration/rate test
(stivhåret borst)
A dose-response relationship is established in terms of a regression equation.
marker, vejkanter, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
Different models can be used:
spiring hæmmes af mørke (17, 18, 19) ingen særlig behandling (5, 23)
for example, for estimating ECx or ERx (e.g. EC25, ER25, EC50, ER50) and its confidence limits for emergence as quantal data, logit, probit, Weibull, Spearman-Karber, trimmed Spearman-Karber methods, etc. could be appropriate.
(håret solhat)
For the growth of the seedlings (weight and height) as continuous endpoints ECx or ERx and its confidence limits can be estimated by using appropriate regression analysis (e.g. Bruce-Versteeg non-linear regression analysis (25)).
Β, Ρ forstyrrede områder
Wherever possible, the R2 should be 0,7 or higher for the most sensitive species and the test concentrations/rates used encompass 20 % to 80 % effects.
ingen særlig behandling
If the NOEC is to be estimated, application of powerful statistical tests should be preferred and these should be selected on the basis of data distribution (21) (26).
(canadisk gyldenris)
The test report should present results of the studies as well as a detailed description of test conditions, a thorough discussion of results, analysis of the data, and the conclusions drawn from the analysis.
græsarealer, åbne områder (16)
A tabular summary and abstract of results should be provided.
blandes med lige dele sand, og gennemblød i 500 ppm Ga i 24 timer (11) ingen særlig behandling (4)
The report must include the following:
(almindelig brodfrø)
chemical identification data, relevant properties of the chemical tested (e.g. log Pow, water solubility, vapour pressure and information on environmental fate and behaviour, if available);
marker, åbne områder (16)
details on preparation of the test solution and verification of test concentrations as specified in paragraph 18.
spiring kan hæmmes af mørke (1 ) gennemblødes i varmt vand i 12 timer (29)
details of the test organism:
(tornet brodfrø)
species/variety, plant families, scientific and common names, source and history of the seed as detailed as possible (i.e. name of the supplier, percentage germination, seed size class, batch or lot number, seed year or growing season collected, date of germination rating), viability, etc.;
ardannelse (14) ingen særlig behandling (6)
rationale for selecting the species;
(skræppe-brodfrø)
description of seed storage, treatment and maintenance.
(engkarse)
testing facility (e.g. growth chamber, phytotron and greenhouse);
marker, vejkanter, græsplæner (16, 19)
description of test system (e.g., pot dimensions, pot material and amounts of soil);
spiring hæmmes af mørke (18, 19) ingen særlig behandling (5, 14, 22)
soil characteristics (texture or type of soil: soil particle distribution and classification, physical and chemical properties including % organic matter, % organic carbon and pH);
(trævlekrone)
soil/substrate (e.g. soil, artificial soil, sand and others) preparation prior to test;
modning kan være nødvendig (18) ingen særlig behandling (5, 14, 15, 22-26)
description of nutrient medium if used;
(hvidmelet gåsefod)
application of the test chemical:
markkanter, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
description of method of application, description of equipment, exposure rates and volumes including chemical verification, description of calibration method and description of environmental conditions during application;
0,7-1,5 (14, 19, 34)
growth conditions:
behandling varierer afhængigt af frøfarve (19) dvaletilstand ved tør opbevaring (19) spiring hæmmes af mørke (1, 18, 19) kold stratificering (18) ingen særlig behandling (14, 34)
light intensity (e.g. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation), photoperiod, max/min temperatures, watering schedule and method, fertilization;
(prikbladet perikon)
number of seeds per pot, number of plants per dose, number of replicates (pots) per exposure rate;
marker, agerjord, åbne områder (16, 19)
type and number of controls (negative and/or positive controls, solvent control if used);
0,1-0,23
duration of the test.
spiring hæmmes af mørke (1, 18, 19)
table of all endpoints for each replicate, test concentration/rate and species;
ingen særlig behandling (5, 14, 15, 25, 27)
the number and percent emergence as compared to controls;
(vedbendpragtsnerle)
biomass measurements (shoot dry weight or fresh weight) of the plants as percentage of the controls;
vejkanter, åbne områder, kornmarker (16)
shoot height of the plants as percentage of the controls, if measured;
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1)
percent visual injury and qualitative and quantitative description of visual injury (chlorosis, necrosis, wilting, leaf and stem deformation, as well as, any lack of effects) by the test chemical as compared to control plants;
ingen særlig behandling (6, 21)
description of the rating scale used to judge visual injury, if visual rating is provided;
(rund fladaks)
for single rate studies, the percent injury should be reported;
agerjord, græsarealer, vejkanter (16, 30)
ECx or ERx (e.g. EC50, ER50, EC25, ER25) values and related confidence limits.
spiring hæmmes af mørke (1)
Where regression analysis is performed, provide the standard error for the regression equation, and the standard error for individual parameter estimate (e.g. slope, intercept);
ingen særlig behandling (6, 10, 14)
NOEC (and LOEC) values if calculated;
(almindelig kællingetand)
description of the statistical procedures and assumptions used;
græsarealer, vejkanter, åbne områder (16, 19)
graphical display of these data and dose-response relationship of the species tested.
ardannelse (14, 19)
Deviations from the procedures described in this test method and any unusual occurrences during the test.
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (18, 19) ingen særlig behandling (23, 25)
Ecotoxicology vol.
fugtige skove (16)
Chapter C.33 of this Annex:
frø gennemblødes i vand i 24 timer (9)
Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei).
ardannelse (14) frøenes levedygtighed varierer afhængigt af farve (1) ingen særlig behandling (6)
Active ingredient (a.i.) (or active substance (a.s.)) is a material designed to provide a specific biological effect (e.g., insect control, plant disease control, weed control in the treatment area), also known as technical grade active ingredient, active substance.
(hamp)
Crop Protection Products (CPPs) or plant protection product (PPPs) or pesticides are materials with a specific biological activity used intentionally to protect crops from pests (e.g., fungal diseases, insects and competitive plants).
alluvial jord (16)
ECx. x % Effect Concentration or ERx. x % Effect Rate is the concentration or the rate that results in an undesirable change or alteration of x % in the test endpoint being measured relative to the control (e.g., 25 % or 50 % reduction in seedling emergence, shoot weight, final number of plants present, or increase in visual injury would constitute an EC25/ER25 or EC50/ER50 respectively).
11-13
Emergence is the appearance of the coleoptile or cotyledon above the soil surface.
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1) ingen særlig behandling (21)
Formulation is the commercial formulated product containing the active substance (active ingredient), also known as final preparation [1] or typical end-use product (TEP).
(rødkløver)
LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) is the lowest concentration of the test chemical at which effect was observed.
marker, vejkanter, agerjord (16, 19)
In this test, the concentration corresponding to the LOEC, has a statistically significant effect (p < 0,05) within a given exposure period when compared to the control, and is higher than the NOEC value.
1,4-1,7
Non-target plants:
ardannelse (14, 18)
Those plants that are outside the target plant area.
modning kan være nødvendig (19) spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1, 19) ingen særlig behandling (5)
For crop protection products, this usually refers to plants outside the treatment area.
(almindelig hjertespand)
NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) is the highest concentration of the test chemical at which no effect was observed.
åbne områder (16)
Phytotoxicity:
(grøn mynte)
Replicate is the experimental unit which represents the control group and/or treatment group.
fugtige områder (16)
In these studies, the pot is defined as the replicate.
(almindelig katteurt)
Visual assessment:
forstyrrede områder (16)
Rating of visual damage based on observations of plant stand, vigour, malformation, chlorosis, necrosis, and overall appearance compared with a control.
(almindelig brunelle)
Test Chemical:
agerjord, græsarealer, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
Any substance or mixture tested using this test method.
0,58-1,2
Final Preparation:
spiring hæmmes af mørke (18, 19)
The formulated product containing the active chemical (active ingredient) sold in commerce.
bedre spiring med større frø (1 ) ingen særlig behandling (4, 14, 22)
List of species historically used in plant testing
(lægegaltetand)
Family
(kinajute)
Common names
ardannelse (14)
Carrot
ingen særlig behandling (5, 10, 21)
Asteraceae (Compositae)
(tornet sida)
Sunflower
marker, vejkanter (16)
Lettuce
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1) ingen særlig behandling (6, 21)
White Mustard
(kornvalmue)
Chinese cabbage
marker, agerjord, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
Oilseed rape
0,1-0,3
Cabbage
kold stratificering og ardannelse (1, 19, 32)
Turnip
ingen særlig behandling (4, 14, 29)
Garden cress
(almindelig hvene)
Radish
græsplæner, græsarealer (16)
Sugar beet
spiring hæmmes af mørke (1, 17-19) ingen særlig behandling (10)
Cucumber
(agerrævehale)
Soybean
ardannelse (14) behandles med 101 mg/l KNO3 (14) varm stratificering (1) spiring hæmmes af mørke (1) ingen særlig behandling (34)
Mung bean
(flyvehavre)
Dwarf bean, French bean, Garden bean
dyrkede områder, åbne områder (16)
Pea
ardannelse (7, 32) mørke hæmmer spiring (1)
Fenugreek
kold stratificering (1, 18) ingen særlig behandling (6, 10, 14)
Birdsfoot trefoil
(taghejre)
Red Clover
marker, vejkanter, agerjord (16)
Vetch
modningsperiode (1, 7, 32) spring hæmmes af lys (1 ) ingen særlig behandling (14)
Flax
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (19) ingen særlig behandling (14, 29)
Tomato
(blodhirse)
Onion
ardannelse, kold stratificering og modning (1, 7, 14, 32) behandles med 101 mg/l KNO3 (14) spiring hæmmes af mørke (1) ingen særlig behandling (21)
Barley
(almindelig hanespore)
Lolium perenne
ardannelse (7, 32) spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1) ingen særlig behandling (3, 14, 21)
Perennial ryegrass
(canadisk hundekvik)
Rice
bredområder, forstyrrede områder (16)
Rye
(engsvingel)
Grain sorghum, Shattercane
marker, fugtige områder (16, 19)
Wheat
(liden byg)
Corn
græsarealer, vejkanter, åbne områder (16)
List of potenatial non-crop species
varm stratificering (1) spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1)
OECD Potential Species for Plant Toxicity Testing
Phleum pratense
The following table provides information for 52 non-crop species (references are given in brackets for each entry).
(engrottehale)
Emergence rates provided are from published literature and are for general guidance only.
græsarealer, agerjord, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
Individual experience may vary depending upon seed source and other factors.
(snerlepileurt)
(English Common Name)
åbne områder, vejkanter (16)
Lifespan [1] & Habitat
kold stratificering i 4-8 uger (1, 2, 4, 20, 29) spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1)
Seed Weight
PRÆ & POST (1, 2, 20, 28, 31)
Photoperiod for germination or growth [2]
(knudet pileurt)
Planting Depth
fugtig jord (16)
Time to Germinate
spiring ikke påvirket af strålingsintensitet (1) spiring hæmmes af mørke (18) kold stratificering (1) ingen særlig behandling (5)
(days) [4]
(pennsylvansk pileurt)
Special Treatments [5]
kold stratificering i 4 uger ved 0-5 °C (1, 29) spiring hæmmes af mørke (1)
Toxicity Test [6]
(ferskenpileurt)
Seed Suppliers [7]
ardannelse, kold stratificering, Ga-behandling (14) kold stratificering, modning (17-19) spiring hæmmes af mørke (19) ingen særlig behandling (13)
Torilis japónica
(kruset skræppe)
(Japanese Hedge-parsley)
agerjord, vejkanter, åbne områder (16, 19)
А, В disturbed areas, hedgerows, pastures (16, 19)
spiring hæmmes af mørke (18, 19) modning kan være nødvendig (18) ingen særlig behandling (4, 14, 33)
1,7-1,9 (14, 19)
(rød arve)
cold stratification (7, 14, 18, 19) maturation may be necessary (19) germination inhibited by darkness (1, 19) no special treatments (5)
agerjord, åbne områder, forstyrrede områder (16, 19)
(English Daisy)