natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Såfremt EU-modulproducenterne går konkurs, vil de fleste af de 6300 personer, der arbejder med modulproduktion, miste deres job.
LIKELIHOOD OF CONTINUATION OF INJURY
Denne arbejdsstyrke er i vid udstrækning højt kvalificeret.
To assess the likelihood of continuation of injury if the measures against the PRC were allowed to lapse, the potential impact of Chinese imports on the Union market and the Union industry was analysed in accordance with Article 11(2) of the basic Regulation.
Derimod vil en videreførelse af foranstaltningerne give EU-erhvervsgrenen mere tid til helt at overvinde virkningerne af tidligere subsidiering.
As shown in the section 4.5 above, the Union industry continued to suffer from injury during the RIP.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger opfordrede en part Kommissionen til at identificere de producenter af celler og moduler, der ikke går ind for foranstaltningerne.
As outlined in section 3.8 above, there is a continuation of and likelihood of recurrence of subsidisation should the measures be allowed to lapse.
Kommissionen præciserede, at ingen af de parter, der betragtede sig selv som en del af EU-erhvervsgrenen, gav sig til kende og var imod indførelsen af foranstaltningerne.
In addition, it was established that the subsidised exports from the PRC to the Union would be made in significant volumes and subsidised even lower prices should the measures be allowed to lapse.
Den samme part anmodede Kommissionen om at fjerne EU-waferproducenterne fra listen over 31 virksomheder, der var repræsenteret af EU ProSun.
Spare capacity, trade flows and attractiveness of the Union market and pricing behaviour of the exporting producers in the PRC
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger var flere parter uenige i, at foranstaltningerne var i EU-erhvervsgrenens interesse.
These companies alone had a spare capacity during the RIP (around 10 GW) capable of satisfying the entire Union market.
Disse parter var også uenige i, at de kinesiske subsidierede varer udøvede et urimeligt pristryk på EU-erhvervsgrenen.
It is to be noted that the spare capacity of the largest cooperating producers by volume, is much lower, their capacity utilisation ranging from 86 % to 97,8 %.
De hævdede også, at Kommissionen har haft som mål at bevare EU-erhvervsgrenens markedsandel, og at Kommissionen beskyttede en lille brøkdel af solenergiindustrien på bekostning af hele solenergiværdikæden.
Following disclosure, one interested party questioned this data arguing that the four largest Chinese manufacturers (Trina, JA Solar, Jinko and Canadian Solar) were operating at full capacity.
Kommissionen mindede om, at målet med handelsforanstaltninger i henhold til grundforordningen er at beskytte EU-erhvervsgrenen mod væsentlig skade som følge af subsidiering, hvis det er i Unionens interesse.
According to the interested party these four producers account for more than 40 % of the total Chinese exports (about 11,2 GW).
I denne udløbsundersøgelse fandt Kommissionen, at der er en sandsynlighed for fortsat subsidiering og skade, hvis foranstaltningerne udløber.
Consequently, to reach the 43 % spare capacity in 2016 indicated by the Commission, all smaller producers would have to operate at a mere 20 % capacity utilisation.
Kommissionen fastslog ligeledes, at tilbagegangen på EU-markedet for solcellemoduler skyldtes en række faktorer, som ikke har nogen tilknytning til indførelsen af foranstaltninger, jf. konklusionen i betragtning 681.
The interested party requested the Commission to provide details of the calculation of the 43 % average.
Derfor er stigningen i EU-erhvervsgrenens markedsandel den vigtigste indikator for, at foranstaltningerne var effektive.
The Commission first noted that the spare capacity of all exporting producers in the PRC cooperating with this investigation is estimated at around 33 %, not 43 %.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at videreførelsen af foranstaltningerne vedrørende moduler helt klart er i EU-erhvervsgrenens interesse.
Furthermore the party's calculations outlined above are based on the assumption that JA Solar and Canadian Solar were cooperating with the investigation.
Indledende bemærkninger
Thus their capacity and capacity utilisation is unknown to the Commission and was not taken into consideration in the calculations above.
Et betydeligt antal EU-leverandør- og aftagervirksomheder opfordrede enten individuelt eller gennem deres sammenslutninger til ophævelse af foranstaltningerne af hensyn til Unionens interesser.
The claim was therefore rejected.
De hævdede, at foranstaltningerne har uforudsete negative konsekvenser for et overvældende flertal af arbejdspladser i den europæiske solenergisektor.
The Chinese production capacity of modules is estimated at 96,3 GW/year for 2015 and is expected to reach 108 GW/year in 2016 [63].
De påstod, at foranstaltningerne forårsager en stigning i priserne på solcelleanlæg, hvilket har en dæmpende virkning på efterspørgslen med alle de negative konsekvenser for beskæftigelsen hos aftagere og leverandører.
At the same time global demand was estimated at 50,6 GW in 2015 and was projected to increase to 61,7 GW [64] in 2016 or to 68,7 GW, according to another source [65].
De overordnede politiske mål for klimaændringer og fremme af vedvarende energi hævdes også at blive påvirket negativt.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that the total spare capacity of the Chinese producers exceeded by large global demand, namely by 47,5 %, in 2015 and will exceed it by 42,9 % or by 36 % in 2016, depending on the source.
Ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører
Another source established that the total global demand was 58 GW [66] in 2015, which would render the excess capacity of the Chinese producers at 39,8 % for 2015.
To ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører af moduler gav sig til kende og besvarede spørgeskemaet, som efterfølgende blev kontrolleret, jf. betragtning 30.
Even if no new capacity was installed in China in the future, the existing capacity would still exceed significantly the projected global annual demand for solar installations.
Disse ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører fremsendte ligeledes en række yderligere bemærkninger, hvori de gjorde rede for, hvorfor foranstaltningerne efter deres mening bør bringes til ophør.
Indeed, in the most probable scenario (so-called ‘Medium Scenario’) the demand would reach 97 GW [67] or 95 GW [68] in 2020, which would be fully covered by the existing Chinese capacity.
Importørerne af solcellepaneler lider under en svag rentabilitet.
In addition, the Chinese capacity has been steadily growing in the last 10 years.
De ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører påstår, at foranstaltningerne øger prisen på solenergi og mindsker efterspørgslen.
For example, it has more than doubled between 2012 and 2015 (from 43,8 GW [69] in 2012 to 96,3 GW in 2015).
Derfor kan de kinesiske eksportører ikke levere moduler til ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører, der også er aktive på markeder uden for EU (f.eks. i Schweiz eller i USA), hvis de er en del af de ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importørers engroshandelsportefølje i Unionen.
Therefore, even in the less likely scenario (so called ‘High Scenario’) of increasing global annual demand to up to 120 GW [70] in 2020, it is probable that the Chinese producers alone would be still able to meet the demand in its entirety as they would need to expand their existing capacity at much lower speed than they had done in the past, i.e. by only 11,3 % in 4 years.
Dette hævdes at være en betydelig ulempe for disse virksomheders deltagelse som grossister og projektudviklere på det globalt voksende solenergimarked.
Following disclosure, several interested parties questioned the data on capacity in the PRC and the global consumption used by the Commission.
De ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører hævdede også, at foranstaltningerne i deres nuværende form udgør en væsentlig ekstra forretningsrisiko og administrativ byrde.
They argued that Solar Power Europe was not sufficiently reliable as a source since it takes into account only modules already connected to the grid, while IHS and BNEF provide more accurate outlook as they show the modules purchased for installation.
Efter deres opfattelse forlænger yderligere administrative foranstaltninger, såsom udstedelse af et certifikat fra China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products (»CCCME«) og EU-toldmyndighedernes indgående kontrol, den samlede tid fra bestilling til levering fra 7 til 11 uger.
However, the Commission already analysed in the recitals above data and projections coming from IHS, while the data from BNEF does not differ substantially from IHS.
Kommissionen fandt, at kinesiske modulers markedsandel på EU-markedet forblev relativt høj, selv efter indførelsen af foranstaltningerne.
In fact, the estimations of BNEF and IHS match completely for 2016 (68,7 GW conservative scenario and 70,7 GW optimistic scenario) and 2017 (72,9 and 77,5 GW respectively), while they differ insignificantly for 2018 (BNEF: 83 GW; IHS: 82 GW) [71], which is the last year for which BNEF has an estimation.
Skønt markedsandelen for kinesiske moduler i Unionen faldt fra 66 % i 2012, lå den alligevel på et højt niveau, nemlig 41 % i NUP.
The same parties also contested the amount of total spare capacity established by the Commission.
Derfor forblev Kina den største sælger af moduler i Unionen og lå over EU-erhvervsgrenen, som havde en markedsandel på 35 % i NUP.
In particular, one interested party submitted that it was 70 GW in 2016.
Uafhængige importører kunne desuden frit købe solcellemoduler fra tredjelande.
However, it failed to provide an information source or any methodology on the basis of which it established this figure.
De samarbejdsvillige importører erstattede i det mindste i et vist omfang de kinesiske moduler med moduler fra tredjelande.
Even if that figure was correct, the estimated spare capacity would still be sufficient to cover the entire global demand even in the case of the most optimistic estimation for 2016 (70,7 GW [72]).
De samarbejdsvillige importører, der fungerer som grossister og systemintegratorer [85], solgte også EU-erhvervsgrenens moduler, og de nød derfor godt af både stigningen i markedsandelen for importører fra resten af verden (»andre tredjelande«) og stigningen i EU-erhvervsgrenens markedsandel.
None of the other parties provided any estimate or quoted a study or report suggesting that the established by the Commission spare capacity should be reduced.
Derfor må de samarbejdsvillige importørers svagere resultater delvis tilskrives faldende EU-efterspørgsel efter de op- og nedture, Unionens solenergiindustri gennemgik, og som diskuteres nærmere i afsnit 6.3.2.
Consequently, this argument does not alter the conclusions reached above.
Forbuddet mod parallelsalg blev indført for at undgå kompenserende aftaler, der kan underminere tilsagnet.
Several interested parties submitted, before and after disclosure, that Tier 1 companies [73] have much less overcapacity than the remaining Tier 2 and Tier 3 companies.
Der blev indført yderligere administrative foranstaltninger for importen fra Kina for at forbedre overvågningen af foranstaltningerne og undgå enhver form for omgåelse, der kunne undergrave tilsagnet.
According to BNEF Tier 1 companies have 46 GW estimated capacity in 2016, which indeed is lower than the total capacity of tier 2 and 3 companies combined, estimated at 62 GW [74].
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger påstod flere parter, at Kommissionen så bort fra importørernes interesser.
However, all tiers of Chinese companies are active on the global market.
De mente, at foranstaltningerne øgede prisen på solenergivarer.
As far as the Union is concerned, not only Tier 1 companies were exporting after the imposition of the existing measures, but also Tier 2 and Tier 3 companies, albeit in lesser quantities (the latter's share of the total Chinese imports was estimated at 13,6 % in 2014).
Importørerne blev derfor ramt af faldende efterspørgsel.
Therefore, the Commission considered that the capacity of all types of Chinese exporting producers should be taken into account for the purpose of establishing the spare capacity available in China.
Kommissionen bemærkede, at det overordnede formål med foranstaltningerne var at genoprette en ikke-skadevoldende pris på den vare, som blev subsidieret.
Following disclosure, one interested party contested the finding that the overcapacity of all types of exporting producers should be taken into account when establishing the spare capacity available in China.
Dette indebærer logisk set en vis stigning i priserne på den subsidierede vare.
The Commission pointed out that already the capacity available at Tier 1 companies constituted 90 % of the total world consumption for 2015 (estimated at 50,6 GW).
De subsidierede varer fra Kina havde haft en meget stor markedsandel i Unionen, før foranstaltningerne blev indført.
In addition, the fact that Tier 2 and Tier 3 companies exported to the EU, irrespective of the small volumes, shows that they are active on the Union market and and do not limit their sales only to the Chinese or other markets.
Deres markedsandel faldt efter indførelsen af foranstaltningerne.
Finally, the imports of Tier 2 and Tier 3 companies are expected to increase significantly following the recent withdrawals of the undertaking of predominantly Tier 1 companies.
Kommissionen fandt imidlertid, jf. de udførlige drøftelser i afsnit 6.3, at denne prisstigning som følge af genoprettelsen af den ikke-skadevoldende pris kun havde en begrænset indvirkning på den samlede efterspørgsel i Unionen.
This claim was thus rejected.
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører kun i begrænset omfang blev påvirket af faldet i efterspørgslen som følge af foranstaltningerne.
Several parties put forward the argument, both before and after disclosure, that overcapacities in China were largely overstated since demand of solar installations had steadily increased at a global level.
Aftagerindustrien
Indeed, global annual demand had increased by 25 % between 2014 and 2015 (from 40,3 GW to 50,6 GW) [75].
Mere end 140 aftagervirksomheder meldte sig som interesserede parter.
However, as specified above, the estimated overcapacity of the Chinese producers exceeds by 47,5 % the current demand.
Aftagervirksomheder er installatører af solcellepaneler, ingeniør-, indkøbs- og bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder, drifts- og vedligeholdelsesvirksomheder og virksomheder, der arbejder med projektfinansiering.
Therefore, even in the most optimistic scenario for increase of the global demand the Chinese producers would most likely still have sufficient spare capacity in order to meet this demand.
Tre ingeniør-, indkøbs- og bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder indsendte en spørgeskemabesvarelse.
Since the global demand for cells roughly equals the global demand for modules, the Chinese exporting producers had an excess capacity of cells of 25,6 % in 2015 and of 19,5 % in 2016.
Dertil kommer, at over 400 aftagervirksomheder fra alle medlemsstater havde underskrevet et åbent brev med krav om ophævelse af foranstaltningerne.
In addition, China had 72,8 % of the global existing capacity of cells in 2016, thereby exceeding significantly all other third countries.
Mere end 30 paneuropæiske og nationale sammenslutninger, der repræsenterer solenergivirksomheder, sendte breve imod foranstaltningerne.
The next four biggest third countries with available capacities are much smaller than China (Taiwan: 11 GW; Malaysia: 4 GW; Korea: 2,7 GW; Japan: 1,9 GW).
Blandt disse var European Association of Electrical Contractors (AIE), der hævdede at repræsentere EU-installatørernes interesser på europæisk plan.
On this basis, the Commission concluded that China has also a significant overcapacity of cell production.
De mest aktive organisationer var SPE og SAFE.
Attractiveness of the Union market
SAFE er en ad hoc-sammenslutning af 50 tyske virksomheder, mens SPE hævder at være den mest repræsentative sammenslutning for solenergiindustrien i Europa med over 100 europæiske medlemmer, hvoraf mere end 80 støtter dens holdning til ophævelse af foranstaltningerne for både solcellemoduler og -celler.
Several parties argued that the Union market is no longer attractive for the Chinese producers.
EU ProSun fremhævede, at flere store nationale solenergisammenslutninger har forholdt sig neutralt til foranstaltningerne, selv om nogle af dem er medlemmer af SPE.
They contended that the Chinese production of cells and modules would be rather directed towards the rapidly expanding markets in Asia, such as Japan and India.
Dette er især tilfældet for Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW), Tyskland (Europas største solenergisammenslutning), British Photovoltaic Association (BPVA), Syndicat des Energies Renouvenables (SER), Frankrig og ANIE Rinnovabili (afdelingen for vedvarende energi i Confindustria), Italien.
In addition, Chinese domestic demand has been increasing in the last few years, reaching 50 % of Chinese solar module production by the first quarter of 2016.
Derudover påstår EU ProSun også at have støtte fra 150 europæiske installatører.
China would allegedly have around 20 GW installations per year until 2020.
Ingen installatør har dog støttet foranstaltningerne åbent.
Therefore, in the context of an increasing number of solar installations in China, India and other markets in South East Asia, the Chinese solar module production would be primarily destined to satisfy the increasing demand in these markets.
Den Europæiske Faglige Samarbejdsorganisation og IndustriAll European Trade Union sendte et fælles brev til støtte for foranstaltningerne.
It is correct that the Union market is no longer as important as it used to be in the past, when it accounted for up to 60 % of the annual global installed capacity (in 2012).
En tysk sammenslutning af energiforbrugere (Bund der Energieverbraucher) sendte et brev til fordel for foranstaltninger på et niveau, der afspejler omkostningsbesparelser som følge af den teknologiske udvikling.
The Union is also not expected to be among the rapidly expanding markets.
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger anfægtede EU ProSun udtalelsen om, at ingen montører åbent gik ind for foranstaltningerne.
The forecasts for growth of the Union market are rather modest in comparison with the rest of the world.
Kommissionen bemærkede også, at Fachpartnerbeirat der SolarWorld AG påstod at repræsentere over 800 installatører, men navnene på disse installatører blev ikke fremlagt.
According to Solar Power Europe's medium Scenario, European solar annual consumption is expected to grow from 8,2 GW to roughly 15 GW in 2020 [77].
Kommissionen bekræftede imidlertid, at de to installatører, som har underskrevet et åbent brev på vegne af Fachpartnerbeirat der SolarWorld AG, åbent støttede foranstaltningerne.
However, Solar Power Europe's estimates include also non-EU countries (Turkey, Switzerland, etc.); its growth forecast for the 28 Member States of the Union is even less optimistic, i.e. approximately 11,6 GW [78] for 2020.
Parterne imod foranstaltningerne af hensyn til Unionens interesser hævdede, at aftagervirksomheder tegner sig for mere end 80 % af beskæftigelsen og merværdien i den europæiske solenergiværdikæde.
Nevertheless, the Union remains an important market representing 14 % of the total global market and its share of the global market is expected to remain important in the future.
De fremhævede det meget højere antal arbejdspladser, de skaber i forhold til celle- og modulproducenterne i Unionen.
Three of its Member States (UK, Germany and France) were amongst the top ten markets for solar modules in 2015.
SPE fremlagde en rapport udarbejdet af Ernst & Young, som viser, at aftagersektoren har mere end 110000 ansatte.
Furthermore, as shown above, the Chinese exporting producers' excess capacity would be capable of meeting the total global demand in the future, including all rapidly growing markets such as China itself, India, Japan, South America, etc. taken together.
Men rapporten indeholdt ingen forklaring af den metode, der var anvendt til beregning af det høje antal ansatte.
Last but not least, the imposition and reinforcement of trade defence measures inter alia by Canada and the USA has reduced the attractiveness of these markets, thereby further increasing that of the Union market, should the measures be repealed.
En anden part anførte, at aftagersektoren beskæftiger ca. 65000 mennesker, baseret på en formodning om ca. 7 fuldtidsækvivalenter/MW/år.
Following disclosure, one interested party argued that, despite the trade defence measures against imports from the PRC, the USA is an attractive market due to incentives and a very high natural sun irradiation level.
Denne part fremlagde dog heller ikke dokumentation for sine antagelser.
Furthermore, according to the same party, contrary to the facts set out above, India does not have any trade defence measures against imports from the PRC.
Baseret på en analyse af visse repræsentative projekter på jorden til erhvervslivet og boligsektoren konstaterede Kommissionen, at antallet af arbejdspladser i aftagersektoren ikke overstiger 50000.
Furthermore, India plans to significantly increase its installed capacity.
Dette tal er baseret på den antagelse, at det samlede anlæg (samlet anlæg omfatter projektering og byggemodning, distribution, logistik, faktisk installation og generalomkostninger for alle disse aktiviteter) kræver gennemsnitligt 5,2 fuldtidsækvivalenter/MW/år [86], mens drift og vedligeholdelse kræver ca. 0,08 fuldtidsækvivalenter/MW/år.
With regard to the USA, the Commission noted that the party provides no proof that the incentives completely offset the disadvantage posed by the duties to producers from the PRC.
Da fremstilling af celler og moduler giver rundt regnet 8000 arbejdspladser, er påstanden om, at aftagersektoren skaber en betydeligt højere beskæftigelse end produktion af celler og moduler, dog korrekt.
Indeed, the Commission did not claim that the US market is unattractive but that the presence of the duties reduced its attractiveness.
Kommissionens undersøgelse viste også, at de fleste af arbejdspladserne i solenergisektorens aftagerled består i montering af moduler på bolig- og erhvervsejendommes hustage og opsætning af solcelleanlæg på jorden.
With regard to India, the proposed duty was not enforced and was allowed to lapse in June 2014.
Disse arbejdspladser kræver normalt ikke en betydelig kapitalinvestering, der er specifik for solenergianlæg — mange værktøjer og maskiner, såsom kraner, grave- og boreudstyr osv. kan også anvendes til andre bygge- og anlægsarbejder.
However, even if India is not subject to duties, duties in Canada and the USA are increasing the attractiveness of the Union market, should the measures lapse.
Mens nogle installatører kun fokuserer på solenergisektoren og er i stand til at udføre opgaver med meget høj værditilvækst, varetager mange installatører også andre job i bygge- og energisektoren, eller de kan let skifte til disse sektorer uden nævneværdig indvirkning på deres indtægter.
It also does not render the Union market unattractive as all the other considerations described in this section still stand.
En interesseret part fremførte, at mange installatører for nylig har skiftet til byggesektoren på grund af lave avancer for installation af solenergianlæg og stigende avancer for boligbyggeri i Tyskland.
Despite the imposition of the countervailing measures in 2013, the Chinese exporting producers remain very interested in the Union market which is demonstrated by the fact that they have maintained a strong position on the Union market.
Derfor afhænger mange installatørers overlevelse eller økonomiske velfærd ikke alene af solenergisektoren.
As indicated in Section 4.4 above, the imports of modules and cells from China had a market share of 41 % and 16 % respectively during the RIP and have successfully kept (and even increased in the case of cells) their market position in comparison with imports from third countries.