natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den retsstridige udnævnelse af formanden for forfatningsdomstolen, tiltrædelsen af de tre dommere, der blev udpeget af Sejm i 8. valgperiode uden gyldigt retsgrundlag, den omstændighed, at en af disse dommere er blevet udnævnt til næstformand for domstolen, den omstændighed, at de tre dommere, som på lovlig vis blev udnævnt af den forrige lovgivende forsamling i oktober 2015, ikke har været i stand til at tiltræde deres embede ved domstolen, samt den ovenfor beskrevne efterfølgende udvikling i domstolen har de facto ført til en fuldstændig omlægning af domstolen under tilsidesættelse af den i forfatningen fastsatte normale procedure for udnævnelsen af dommere.
The Court of Justice has held that for a court to be independent it should exercise its functions wholly autonomously, without being subordinated to any other body and be thus protected against external interventions or pressure liable to jeopardise the independent judgment of its members as regards proceedings before them [37].
Kommissionen finder derfor, at forfatningsdomstolens uafhængighed og legitimitet er i alvorlig fare, og at der følgelig ikke længere er nogen effektiv garanti for, at den polske lovgivning er forenelig med forfatningen.
These conditions are not fulfilled in the present case.
De afgørelser, der træffes af forfatningsdomstolen under disse omstændigheder, kan ikke længere anses for at være resultatet af en effektiv forfatningsmæssig prøvelse.
As a consequence, Supreme Court judges may feel pressure to follow the position of the executive power when adjudicating cases.3.5.3.
Loven om den nationale skole for retsvæsenet, der allerede er i kraft, og loven om det nationale råd for retsvæsenet, loven om de almindelige domstoles organisation og loven om højesteret underminerer, hvis de skulle træde i kraft, strukturelt retsvæsenets uafhængighed i Polen og ville have en direkte og konkret indvirkning på retsvæsenets uafhængige funktion som helhed.
Legislative process
Henset til at den dømmende magts uafhængighed er et centralt element i retsstatsprincippet, øger disse nye love i betydeligt omfang den systemiske trussel mod retsstatsprincippet som beskrevet i tidligere henstillinger.
The Commission notes that the law on the Supreme Court, which is a self-standing new act of more than 110 Articles and which amends six existing laws, would have a serious impact on the independence of the Supreme Court and more generally on the separation of powers and the rule of law in Poland.
Afskedigelsen af højesteretsdommere, deres mulige genudnævnelse og andre foranstaltninger, der er indeholdt i loven om højesteret, vil i meget høj grad forværre den systemiske trussel mod retsstatsprincippet.
The Commission regrets that this important law has not been subject to the appropriate preparation and consultations that it should have deserved.
De nye love giver anledning til alvorlige betænkeligheder for så vidt angår deres forenelighed med den polske forfatning som fremhævet i en række erklæringer, navnlig fra højesteret, det nationale råd for retsvæsenet, den polske ombudsmand, advokatsamfundet og advokatrådet samt andre relevante interessenter [45].
On the contrary, the draft was tabled on 12 July 2017 and was adopted on 22 July 2017.
Som ovenfor anført er en effektiv forfatningsmæssig prøvelse af disse love imidlertid ikke længere mulig.
The Commission considers that such a fast-track legislative process of the two chambers undermines in itself the trust in the judiciary in Poland and is not in line with the spirit of loyal cooperation between state institutions which should characterise a democratic state governed by the rule of law.
Endelig har diverse handlinger og udtalelser fra den polske regering og fra parlamentsmedlemmer tilhørende det regerende flertal rettet mod polske dommere og domstole skadet tilliden til retssystemet som helhed.
Other provisions
Kommissionen minder om princippet om loyalt samarbejde mellem statslige organer, der — som understreget i Venedigkommissionens udtalelser — er en forfatningsretlig forudsætning i en demokratisk stat, der hviler på retsstatsprincippet.
The four laws contain a number of other sensitive provisions from the point of view of the rule of law and the separation of powers, in particular regarding the premature termination of mandates of disciplinary officers in courts [38], the powers of the Minister of Justice to assess the performance of courts [39], the transfer of judges [40], the structure of the National School for Judiciary [41], the declaration of assets of judges [42], and the staff of the National Council for the Judiciary and of the Supreme Court [43].
Kommissionen bemærker, at når et retssystem er forankret i forfatningen, er dets effektivitet et centralt element i retsstaten.
These issues have been identified in a number of analyses, in particular from the Supreme Court and the National Council for the Judiciary as raising concerns, including questions of compliance with the Constitution [44].
Kommissionen skal ligeledes fremhæve, at domstolenes uafhængighed — uanset det valgte retssystem — skal sikres i henhold til EU-retten.
However, as explained above an independent and legitimate constitutional review is currently not possible.4.
Det tilkommer medlemsstaterne at indrette deres retssystemer, herunder at afgøre om de vil oprette et råd for retsvæsenet, der har til opgave at sikre domstolenes uafhængighed.
FINDING OF A SYSTEMIC THREAT TO THE RULE OF LAW
Hvis et sådant råd imidlertid er oprettet af en medlemsstat, således som det er tilfældet i Polen, hvor den polske forfatning udtrykkeligt har tildelt det nationale råd for retsvæsenet opgaven med at sikre retsvæsenets uafhængighed, skal rådets uafhængighed sikres i overensstemmelse med europæiske standarder.
For the reasons set out above, the Commission considers that the situation of a systemic threat to the rule of law in Poland as presented in its Recommendations of 27 July 2016 and 21 December 2016 has seriously deteriorated.
På trods af, at der findes en mangfoldighed af retssystemer i Europa, er der fastsat fælles europæiske standarder til sikring af retsvæsenets uafhængighed.
In particular:
Det er med stor bekymring, at Kommissionen konstaterer, at det polske retssystem efter en ikrafttrædelse af de nye love, der er nævnt ovenfor, ikke længere ville leve op til de europæiske standarder på dette område.
The unlawful appointment of the President of the Constitutional Tribunal, the admission of the three judges nominated by the 8th term of the Sejm without a valid legal basis, the fact that one of these judges has been appointed as Vice-President of the Tribunal, the fact that the three judges that were lawfully nominated in October 2015 by the previous legislature have not been able to take up their function of judge in the Tribunal, as well as the subsequent developments within the Tribunal described above have de facto led to a complete recomposition of the Tribunal outside the normal constitutional process for the appointment of judges.
Kommissionen har herved taget republikkens præsidents beslutning af 24. juli 2017 om at hjemvise loven om højesteret og loven om det nationale råd for retsvæsen til fornyet behandling i Sejm ad notam.
For this reason, the Commission considers that the independence and legitimacy of the Constitutional Tribunal are seriously undermined and, consequently, the constitutionality of Polish laws can no longer be effectively guaranteed.
Overholdelsen af retsstatsprincippet er ikke kun en forudsætning for beskyttelsen af alle de grundlæggende værdier, der er omhandlet i artikel 2 i TEU.
The judgments rendered by the Tribunal under these circumstances can no longer be considered as providing an effective constitutional review.
Det er også en forudsætning for at opretholde alle de rettigheder og pligter, der følger af traktaterne, og for at skabe gensidig tillid mellem borgere, virksomheder og nationale retslige myndigheder i alle medlemsstaterne.
The law on the National School of Judiciary already in force, and the law on the National Council for the Judiciary, the law on the Ordinary Courts Organisation and the law on the Supreme Court should they enter into force, structurally undermine the independence of the judiciary in Poland and would have an immediate and concrete impact on the independent functioning of the judiciary as a whole.
Visse aspekter af de nye love giver også anledning til betænkeligheder med hensyn til deres forenelighed med EU-retten, og Kommissionen har derfor besluttet, i tillæg til den foreliggende henstilling vedrørende overholdelsen af retsstatsprincippet, at anlægge en traktatbrudssag mod Polen, når loven om de almindelige domstoles organisationen bliver offentliggjort i Polens statstidende, eller såfremt loven om højesteret bliver undertegnet og offentliggjort.
Given that the independence of the judiciary is a key component of the rule of law, these new laws increase significantly the systemic threat to rule of law as identified in the previous Recommendations.
Kommissionen fremhæver, at en velfungerende retsstat også er afgørende for det indre markeds funktion, da de erhvervsdrivende må have vished for, at de vil blive behandlet lige efter lovgivningen.
In particular, the dismissal of Supreme Court judges, their possible reappointment and other measures contained in the law on the Supreme Court would very seriously aggravate the systemic threat to the rule of law.
Dette kan ikke ske uden et uafhængigt retsvæsen i hver medlemsstat.
The new laws raise serious concerns as regards their compatibility with the Polish Constitution as underlined by a number of statements, in particular from the Supreme Court, the National Council for the Judiciary, the Polish Ombudsman, the Bar Association and associations of judges and lawyers, and other relevant stakeholders [45].
Kommissionen bemærker, at en bred vifte af aktører på europæisk og internationalt plan har givet udtryk for dyb bekymring over reformen af det polske retssystem: repræsentanter for retsvæsenet i hele Europa, herunder netværket af præsidenter for Den Europæiske Unions Øverste Domstole og Det Europæiske Netværk af Domstolsadministrationer, Venedig-Kommissionen, Europarådets kommissær for menneskerettigheder, Europarådet, FN's Menneskerettighedskomité og mange civilsamfundsorganisationer såsom Amnesty International og Human Rights and Democracy Network.
However, as explained above an effective constitutional review of these laws is no longer possible.
Europa-Parlamentet har også givet udtryk for sine betænkeligheder, herunder i to resolutioner, der støtter Kommissionens synspunkter.
Finally, actions and public statements against judges and courts in Poland made by the Polish Government and by members of Parliament from the ruling majority have damaged the trust in the justice system as a whole.
ANBEFALEDE TILTAG
The Commission underlines the principle of loyal cooperation between state organs which is, as highlighted in the opinions of the Venice Commission, a constitutional precondition in a democratic state governed by the rule of law.
Kommissionen anbefaler, at de polske myndigheder hurtigst muligt iværksætter passende tiltag for at imødegå den systemiske trussel mod retsstaten.
The Commission recalls that where a constitutional justice system has been established, its effectiveness is a key component of the rule of law.
Kommissionen anbefaler navnlig, at de polske myndigheder iværksætter følgende tiltag:
The Commission also underlines that whatever the model of the justice system chosen, the independence of the judiciary must be safeguarded as a matter of EU law.
genopretter forfatningsdomstolens uafhængighed og legitimitet i dennes egenskab af garant for den polske forfatning ved at sikre, at dennes dommere, dennes formand og dennes næstformand er lovligt valgte og udnævnte og fuldt ud efterkommer forfatningsdomstolens afgørelser af 3. og 9. december 2015, hvorefter det kræves, at de tre dommere, som på lovlig vis blev udnævnt af den forrige lovgivende forsamling i oktober 2015, kan tiltræde deres embede ved forfatningsdomstolen, og at de tre dommere, der blev udnævnt af den nye lovgivende forsamling uden gyldigt retsgrundlag, ikke længere træffer afgørelse uden at være blevet lovligt valgt [47],
It is up to the Member States to organise their justice systems, including whether or not to establish a Council for the Judiciary the role of which is to safeguard judicial independence.
offentliggør og til fulde opfylder forfatningsdomstolens afgørelser af 9. marts 2016, 11. august 2016 og 7. november 2016,
However, where such a Council has been established by a Member State, as it is the case in Poland where the Polish Constitution has entrusted explicitly the National Council for the Judiciary with the task of safeguarding judicial independence, the independence of such Council must be guaranteed in line with European standards.
afholder sig fra enhver foranstaltning, der griber ind i højesteretsdommernes embede og deres funktion,
It is with great concern that the Commission observes that following the entry into force of the new laws referred to above, the Polish judicial system would no longer be compatible with the European standards in this regard.
sikrer, at enhver reform af retsvæsenet opretholder retsstatsprincippet, er forenelig med EU-retten, i overensstemmelse med de europæiske standarder for domstolenes uafhængighed og er udarbejdet i tæt samarbejde med retsvæsenet og alle berørte parter,
In that respect, the Commission takes note of the decision of the President of the Republic of 24 July 2017 to refer back to the Sejm the law on the Supreme Court and the law on the National Council for the Judiciary.
afstår fra handlinger og erklæringer, som yderligere kan undergrave legitimiteten af forfatningsdomstolen, højesteret, de almindelige domstole, dommerne, individuelt eller kollektivt, eller retsvæsenet som helhed.
Respect for the rule of law is not only a prerequisite for the protection of all the fundamental values listed in Article 2 TEU.
Kommissionen understreger, at det loyale samarbejde, som kræves mellem de forskellige statslige institutioner i retsstatsspørgsmål, er afgørende for at nå frem til en løsning i den nuværende situation.
It is also a prerequisite for upholding all rights and obligations deriving from the Treaties and for establishing mutual trust of citizens, businesses and national authorities in the legal systems of all other Member States.
Kommissionen opfordrer desuden de polske myndigheder til at indhente en udtalelse fra Venedigkommissionen vedrørende loven om den nationale skole for retsvæsenet, loven om det nationale råd for retsvæsenet, loven om de almindelige domstoles organisation og loven om højesteret samt vedrørende ethvert nyt lovforslag, der tager sigte på at reformere retssystemet i Polen.
Certain aspects of the new laws also raise concerns as regards their compatibility with EU law and for this reason the Commission has decided, in addition to the present Rule of Law Recommendation, to launch infringement procedures against Poland when the law on the Ordinary Courts Organisation will be published or should the law on the Supreme Court be signed and published.
Kommissionen opfordrer den polske regering til at løse de problemer, der er konstateret i denne henstilling, senest en måned efter modtagelsen af denne henstilling og til at underrette Kommissionen om de tiltag, der iværksættes med henblik herpå.
The Commission underlines that the proper functioning of the rule of law is also essential for the seamless operation of the Internal Market because economic operators must know that they will be treated equally under the law.
Kommissionen opfordrer de polske myndigheder til at benytte sig af lejligheden i forbindelse med den polske præsidents beslutning om at hjemvise loven om det nationale råd for retsvæsenet og loven om højesteret til fornyet behandling i Sejm til at sikre, at enhver reform af retsvæsnet i Polen tager hensyn til de betænkeligheder, der er givet udtryk for i denne henstilling.
This cannot be assured without an independent judiciary in each Member State.
Kommissionen henleder ligeledes opmærksomheden på, at henstillinger, der vedtages inden for retsstatsrammen, ikke er til hinder for, at artikel 7 i TEU kan aktiveres direkte, hvis en pludselig forværring i en medlemsstat nødvendiggør en stærkere reaktion fra EU [48].58.
For this reason, the Council underlined the importance for the Polish authorities to address the serious concerns related to the rule of law in its country-specific recommendations addressed to Poland in the context of the 2017 European Semester.
Kommissionen anmoder navnlig de polske myndigheder om ikke at træffe nogen foranstaltninger med henblik på at afskedige eller pensionere højesteretsdommere, da disse foranstaltninger i væsentlig grad vil forværre den systemiske trussel mod retsstaten.
The country-specific recommendations have been generally endorsed by the European Council on 23 June 2017 and adopted by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council on 11 July 2017 [46].51.
Skulle de polske myndigheder træffe foranstaltninger af denne karakter, er Kommissionen rede til straks at aktivere artikel 7, stk. 1, i TEU.
The Commission notes that a wide range of actors at European and international level have expressed their deep concern about the reform of the Polish justice system: representatives of the judiciary across Europe, including the Network of Presidents of the Supreme Judicial Courts of the European Union and the European Network of Councils for the Judiciary, the Venice Commission, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, the United Nations Human Rights Committee as well as numerous civil society organisations such as Amnesty International and the Human Rights and Democracy Network.
På grundlag af denne henstilling er Kommissionen fortsat rede til at føre en konstruktiv dialog med den polske regering.
The European Parliament has also expressed its concerns, including in two resolutions supporting the Commission's views.
Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 26. juli 2017.
RECOMMENDED ACTION
På Kommissionens vegne
The Commission recommends that the Polish authorities take appropriate action to address this systemic threat to the rule of law as a matter of urgency.
Førstenæstformand
In particular the Commission recommends that the Polish authorities take the following actions:
Kommissionens henstilling (EU) 2016/1374 af 27. juli 2016 vedrørende retsstatsprincippet i Polen (EUT L 217 af 12.8.2016, s. 53).
restore the independence and legitimacy of the Constitutional Tribunal as guarantor of the Polish Constitution by ensuring that its judges, its President and its Vice-President are lawfully elected and appointed and by implementing fully the judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal of 3 and 9 December 2015 which require that the three judges that were lawfully nominated in October 2015 by the previous legislature can take up their function of judge in the Constitutional Tribunal, and that the three judges nominated by the new legislature without a valid legal basis no longer adjudicate without being validly elected [47];
Kommissionens henstilling (EU) 2017/146 af 21. december 2016 vedrørende retsstatsprincippet i Polen, der supplerer Kommissionens henstilling (EU) 2016/1374 (EUT L 22 af 27.1.2017, s. 65).
publish and implement fully the judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 March 2016, 11 August 2016 and 7 November 2016;
Meddelelsen »En ny EU-retlig ramme for at styrke retsstatsprincippet« (COM(2014) 158 final).
ensure that the law on the National Council for the Judiciary, the law on Ordinary Courts Organisation and the law on the Supreme Court do not enter into force and that the law on the National School of Judiciary is withdrawn or amended in order to ensure its compliance with the Constitution and European standards on judicial independence;
Se COM(2014) 158 final, bilag I, afsnit 2.
refrain from any measure interfering with the tenure of the Supreme Court judges and their function;
Betragtning 14 i Rådets henstilling af 11. juli 2017 om Polens nationale reformprogram for 2017 og Rådets udtalelse om Polens konvergensprogram for 2017 (EUT C 261 af 9.8.2017, s. 88).
ensure that any justice reform upholds the rule of law and complies with EU law and the European standards on judicial independence and is prepared in close cooperation with the judiciary and all interested parties;
Se afsnit 5.3 og 5.4 i henstillingen.
refrain from actions and public statements which could undermine further the legitimacy of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Courts, the ordinary courts, the judges, individually or collectively, or the judiciary as a whole.
I henhold til artikel 188 i forfatningen skal forfatningsdomstolen træffe afgørelse om, hvorvidt lovgivning og internationale aftaler er i overensstemmelse med forfatningen, hvorvidt lovgivning er i overensstemmelse med ratificerede internationale aftaler, hvis ratificering krævede forudgående samtykke i henhold til lovgivningen, hvorvidt retsforskrifter udstedt af centrale statslige organer er i overensstemmelse med forfatningen, ratificerede internationale aftaler og lovgivning, hvorvidt politiske partiers formål eller aktiviteter er i overensstemmelse med forfatningen, samt afgøre retssager, hvor der er nedlagt påstand om, at forfatningsretlige bestemmelser er blevet tilsidesat.
The Commission underlines that the loyal cooperation which is required amongst the different state institutions in rule of law related matters is essential in order to find a solution in the present situation.
Ifølge artikel 189 i forfatningen bilægger forfatningsdomstolen også tvister om beføjelser mellem statens centrale forfatningsmæssige organer.
The Commission also encourages the Polish authorities to seek the views of the Venice Commission on the law on the National School of Judiciary, the law on the National Council for the Judiciary, the law on the Ordinary Courts Organisation and the law on the Supreme Court as well as on any new legislative proposal aiming to reform the justice system in Poland.
Lov af 30. december 2015 om ændring af tjenestemandsloven og visse andre love, offentliggjort i statstidende den 8. januar 2016, punkt 34.
The Commission invites the Polish Government to solve the problems identified in this Recommendation within 1 month of receipt of this Recommendation, and to inform the Commission of the steps taken to that effect.
Lov af 15. januar 2016 om ændring af loven om politiets virksomhed og andre love, offentliggjort i statstidende den 4. februar 2016, punkt 147.
The Commission invites the Polish authorities to use the opportunity of the Polish President's decision to refer back to the Sejm the law on the National Council for the Judiciary and the law on the Supreme Court to ensure that any reforms of the judiciary in Poland take account of the concerns expressed in this Recommendation.
Lov af 28. januar 2016 om statsadvokaturen, offentliggjort i statstidende den 15. februar 2016, punkt 177.
The Commission also recalls that Recommendations adopted under the rule of Law Framework do not prevent Article 7 TEU being activated directly, should a sudden deterioration in a Member State require a stronger reaction from the EU [48].58.
Lov af 28. januar 2016 — bekendtgørelse om gennemførelse af loven — offentliggjort i statstidende den 15. februar 2016, punkt 178.
The Commission asks in particular the Polish authorities not to take any measure to dismiss or force the retirement of the Supreme Courts judges as these measures will very seriously aggravate the systemic threat to the rule of law.
Lov af 18. marts 2016 om ombudsmanden og om ændring af visse andre love.
Should the Polish authorities take any measure of this kind, the Commission stands ready to immediately activate Article 7(1) TEU.
Loven blev undertegnet af republikkens præsident den 4. maj 2016.
On the basis of this Recommendation, the Commission continues to be ready to pursue a constructive dialogue with the Polish Government.
Lov af 22. juni 2016 om det nationale råd for medievirksomhed.
Done at Brussels, 26 July 2017.
Loven blev undertegnet af republikkens præsident den 27. juni 2016.
For the Commission
Lov af 10. juni 2016 om terrorbekæmpelse.
First Vice-President