natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Acceptable resultatintervaller
After transport to the laboratory, the collected sludge may be used directly or placed in a laboratory-scale digester.
Et resultatinterval fra denne test, hvor de øvre og nedre værdier adskiller sig med mindre end en størrelsesorden, er acceptabel.
Release excess biogas by opening bottles of sludge carefully.
TESTBETINGELSER:
Alternatively, laboratory-grown anaerobic sludge may be used as a source of inoculum but its spectrum of activity may have been impaired.
Scenarier for udvaskning med ferskvand:
Warning — Digested sludge produces flammable gases which present fire and explosion risks:
Deioniseret vand (f.eks. ASTM D 1193 Type II) anbefales til brug i udvaskningstesten, når træ eksponeret for ferskvand skal vurderes.
In order to reduce background gas production and to decrease the influence of the blank controls, pre-digestion of the sludge may be considered.
Vandtemperaturen skal være 20 °C +/– 2 °C, og den målte pH-værdi og vandtemperatur inkluderes i testrapporten.
If pre-digestion is required, the sludge should be allowed to digest without the addition of any nutrients or substrates at 35 °C ± 2 °C for up to 7 days.
En analyse af prøver af det anvendte vand, som er taget før nedsænkningen af de behandlede prøver, giver mulighed for at anslå de analyserede kemikalier i vandet.
It has been found that pre-digestion for about 5 days usually gives an optimal decrease in gas production of the blank without unacceptable increases in either lag or incubation periods during the test phase or loss of activity towards a small number of substances tested.
Dette er en kontrol for at bestemme baggrundsniveauer for de kemikalier, som herefter analyseres kemisk.
For test substances which are, or are expected to be, poorly biodegradable, consider pre-exposure of the sludge to the test substance to obtain an inoculum which is better adapted.
Scenarier for udvaskning med havvand:
In such a case, add the test substance at an organic carbon concentration of 5 mg/l to 20 mg/l to the digested sludge and incubated for up to 2 weeks.
Det anbefales at bruge kunstigt havvand (f.eks. ASTM D 1141 Kunstigt havvand uden tungmetaller) i udvaskningstesten, når man skal vurdere træ eksponeret for havvand.
Wash the pre-exposed sludge carefully before use (see paragraph 25) and indicate in the test report the conditions of the pre-exposure.
Dette er en kontrol til analysen af baggrundsniveauer for vigtige kemikalier.
Wash the sludge (see paragraphs 22 to 24) just prior to use, to reduce the IC concentration to less than 10 mg/l in the final test suspension.
Testemner af træ
Centrifuge the sludge in sealed tubes (e.g. 3000 g during 5 min) and discharge the supernatant.
Træsorterne bør være typiske for de træsorter, der bruges til effektivitetstestning af træbeskyttelsesmidler.
Suspend the resulting pellet in de-oxygenated medium (paragraphs 16 and 17), re-centrifuge the suspension and discharge the supernatant liquid.
De anbefalede sorter er Pinus sylvestris L. (skovfyr), Pinus resinosa Ait.
If the IC has not been sufficiently lowered, the washing procedure of the sludge could be repeated twice as a maximum.
(harpiksfyr) eller Pinus spp (sumpfyr).
This does not appear to affect the micro-organisms adversely.
Der kan foretages supplerende test med andre sorter.
Finally, suspend the pellet in the requisite volume of test medium and determine the concentration of total solids [e.g. ISO 11923 (15)].
Der anvendes lige nopret træ uden knaster.
The final concentration of total solids in the test vessels should be in the range of 1 g/l to 3 g/l (or about 10 % of that in undiluted digested sludge).
Materiale med synlig harpiks bør undgås.
Conduct the above operations in such a way that the sludge has minimal contact with oxygen (e.g. use a nitrogen atmosphere).
Træet skal være typisk for træ, der er tilgængeligt i handlen.
Perform the following initial procedures using techniques to keep the contact between digested sludge and oxygen as low as practicable, for example, it may be necessary to work within a glove box in an atmosphere of nitrogen and/or purge the bottles with nitrogen (4).
Kilde, tæthed og antal årringe pr. 10 mm registreres.
Preparation of test and control assays
Det anbefales at have testemner i sæt à fem træklodser af en størrelse ifølge EN 113 (25 mm × 50 mm × 15 mm) med længderetningen parallelt med træets fibre, skønt andre dimensioner, såsom 50 mm × 150 mm × 10 mm kan anvendes.
Prepare at least triplicate test vessels (see paragraph 13-b) for the test substance, blank controls, reference substance, inhibition controls (conditional) and pressure control chambers (optional procedure) (see paragraphs 7, 19 to 21).
Testemnet bør være helt nedsænket i vand.
Additional vessels for the purpose of evaluating primary biodegradation using test substance specific analyses may also be prepared.
Testemnet bør bestå af 100 % splintved.
The same set of blank controls may be used for several test substances in the same test as long as the headspace volumes are consistent.
Hvert emne mærkes entydigt, så det kan identificeres gennem hele testen.
Prepare the diluted inoculum before adding it to the vessels e.g. by the means of a wide-mouthed pipette.
Alle testemner bør være høvlet eller planskåret, og overfladerne må ikke være slebne.
Add aliquots of well-mixed inoculum (paragraph 25) so that the concentration of total solids is the same in all vessels (between 1 g/l and 3 g/l).
Der skal mindst bruges fem sæt testemner til analyse:
Add stock solutions of the test and reference substance after adjustment to pH 7 ± 0,2, if necessary.
tre sæt emner behandles med træbeskyttelsesmiddel, et sæt emner er ubehandlet, og et sæt emner bruges til at anslå testemnernes fugtindhold efter ovntørring og før behandling.
The test substance and the reference substance should be added using the most appropriate route of administration (paragraph 19).
Der klargøres tilstrækkeligt mange testemner til, at der kan udvælges tre sæt emner, som ligger inden for 5 % af middelværdien for retention af træbeskyttelsesmiddel for det samlede antal testemner.
The test concentration of organic carbon should normally be between 20 and 100 mg/l (paragraph 4).
Alle testemner endeforsegles med et kemikalie, som forhindrer, at beskyttelsesmidlet trænger ind i emnernes endeflade, eller forhindrer udvaskning fra emnerne via endefladen.
If the test substance is toxic, the test concentration should be reduced to 20 mg C/l, or even less if only primary biodegradation with specific analyses is to be measured.
Ved påføring af endeforseglingen er det nødvendigt at skelne mellem emner, der anvendes til overfladebehandling og til gennemtrængningsprocesser.
It should be noted that the variability of the test results increases at lower test concentrations.
Der skal kun påføres endeforsegling før behandling i tilfælde af overfladebehandling.
For blank vessels, add an equivalent amount of the carrier used to dose the test substance instead of a stock solution, suspension or emulsion.
Endefladen skal være åben for behandlinger via gennemtrængningsprocesserne.
If the test substance was administered using glass fibre filters or organic solvents, add to the blanks a filter or an equivalent volume solvent that has been evaporated.
Derfor skal emnerne endeforsegles ved afslutningen af konditioneringsperioden.
Prepare an extra replicate with test substance for the measurement of the pH value.
Emissionen skal kun anslås for overfladeområdet i længderetningen.
Adjust the pH to 7 ± 0,2, if necessary, with small amounts of dilute mineral acid or alkali.
Forseglingsmidler inspiceres og påføres om nødvendigt igen før indledning af udvaskningen og må ikke påføres igen, efter at udvaskningen er påbegyndt.
The same amounts of neutralising agents should be added to all the test vessels.
Nedsænkningskar
These additions should not have to be made since the pH value of the stock solutions of the test substance and reference substance have already been adjusted (see paragraphs 19 and 20).
Karret er fremstillet af et inaktivt materiale og er stort nok til at rumme fem EN113 træprøver i 500 ml vand, hvilket giver et forhold mellem overfladeareal og vandvolumen på 0,4 cm2/ml.
If primary biodegradation is to be measured, an appropriate sample should be taken from the pH-control vessel, or from an additional test vessel, and the test substance concentration should be measured using specific analyses.
Testopstilling
Covered magnets may be added to all the vessels if the reaction mixtures are to be stirred (optional).
Testemnerne anbringes på et stativ, som giver mulighed for, at alle emnets eksponerede overflader kommer i kontakt med vandet.
Ensure that the total volume of liquid V1 and the volume of headspace Vh are the same in all vessels;
FREMGANGSMÅDE FOR KEMISK BESKYTTELSE
note and record the values of V1 and Vh.
Klargøring af de beskyttede testemner
Each vessel should be sealed with a gas septum and transferred from the glove box (see paragraph 26) into the incubator (see paragraph 13-a).
De testemner af træ, der skal behandles med det kemiske beskyttelsesmiddel, som testes, behandles efter den for midlet anførte metode, som kan være en gennemtrængningsbehandling eller en overfladebehandling, hvilket kan ske ved dyp, spray eller børste.
Insoluble test substances
Beskyttelsesmidler, der skal påføres ved en gennemtrængningsbehandling
Add weighed amounts of substances, which are poorly soluble in water, directly to the prepared vessels.
Der fremstilles en opløsning af beskyttelsesmidlet, som vil sikre den anførte optagelse eller retention, når det påføres ved gennemtrængningsbehandlingen.
When the use of a solvent is necessary (see paragraph 19), transfer the test substance solution or suspension into the empty vessels.
Trætestemnet vejes og måles.
Where possible, evaporate the solvent by passing nitrogen gas through the vessels and then add the other ingredients, namely, diluted sludge (paragraph 25), and de-oxygenated water as required.
Gennemtrængningsbehandlingen skal ske som anført for anvendelsen af beskyttelsesmidlet på træ til brug i brugsklasse 4 eller 5.
An additional solvent control should also be prepared (see paragraph 19).
Emnet vejes igen efter behandling, og beskyttelsesmidlets retention (kg/m3) beregnes ud fra ligningen:
For other methods of adding insoluble substances, ISO 10634 (13) can be consulted.
Masse efter behandlingkg
Liquid test substances may be dosed with a syringe into the completely prepared sealed vessels, if it is expected that the initial pH will not exceed 7 ± 1, otherwise dose as described above (see paragraph 19).
Masse før behandlingkg
Incubation and gas pressure measurements
Testemnevolumenm3
Incubate the prepared vessels at 35 °C ± 2 °C for about 1h to allow equilibration and release excess gas to the atmosphere, for example, by shaking each vessel in turn, inserting the needle of the pressure meter (paragraph 13-c) through the seal and opening the valve until the pressure meter reads zero.
Opløsningens koncentration% masse
If at this stage, or when making intermediate measurements, the headspace pressure is less than atmospheric, nitrogen gas should be introduced to re-establish atmospheric pressure.
masse
Close the valve (see paragraph 13-c) and continue to incubate in the dark, ensuring that all parts of the vessels are maintained at the digestion temperature.
Bemærk, at der i denne test kan bruges industrielt behandlet tømmer (f.eks. ved vakuumtrykimprægnering).
Observe the vessels after incubation for 24 to 48 h.
De anvendte fremgangsmåder registreres, og retentionen af materiale, der er behandlet på denne måde, skal analyseres og registreres.
Reject vessels if the contents of the vessels show a distinct pink coloration in the supernatant liquid, i.e. if Resazurin (see paragraph 16) has changed colour indicating the presence of oxygen (see paragraph 50).
Beskyttelsesmidler, der skal påføres ved overfladebehandling
While small amounts of oxygen may be tolerated by the system, higher concentrations can seriously inhibit the course of anaerobic biodegradation.
Overfladebehandlingen omfatter dypning, påsprøjtning eller børstning af testemnerne.
The rejection of the occasional single vessel of a set of triplicates may be accepted, but the incidence of more failures than this must lead to an investigation of the experimental procedures as well as the repeating of the test.
Processen og doseringen (f.eks. liter/m2) bør være som anført for overfladebehandling med beskyttelsesmidlet.
Carefully mix the contents of each vessel by stirring or by shaking for a few minutes at least 2 or 3 times per week and soon before each pressure measurement.
Bemærk, at der også i denne test kan bruges industrielt behandlet tømmer.
Shaking re-suspends the inoculum and ensures gaseous equilibrium.
Efter behandling konditioneres de behandlede testemner i overensstemmelse med anbefalingerne fra leverandøren af testbeskyttelsesmidlet ifølge mærkekravene for beskyttelsesmidlet eller i overensstemmelse med kommerciel behandlingspraksis eller ifølge EN 252 Standard.
While measuring pressure the whole test vessel including the headspace should be maintained at the digestion temperature.
Klargøring og udvælgelse af testemner
Measure the gas pressure, for example, by inserting through the septum the syringe needle (paragraph 13-c) connected to the pressure-monitoring meter.
Efter konditioneringen efter behandling beregnes middelretentionen for gruppen af testemner, og tre repræsentative sæt emner med en retention inden for 5 % af middelværdien for gruppen udvælges tilfældigt til udvaskningsmålinger.
Care should be taken to prevent entry of water into the syringe needle;
FREMGANGSMÅDE FOR EMISSIONSMÅLINGER FRA BESKYTTELSESMIDLET
if this occurs the wet parts should be dried and a new needle fitted.
Nedsænkningsmetode
The pressure should be measured in millibars (see paragraph 42).
Testemnerne vejes og nedsænkes efterfølgende fuldstændigt i vandet, og dato og tidspunkt registreres.
The gas pressure in the vessels may be measured periodically e.g. weekly, and optionally the excess gas is released to the atmosphere.
Efter hver vandudskiftning opbevares en vandprøve, hvori sættet af testemner har været nedsænket, til senere kemisk analyse.
If the plateau value is less than 60 % interpretation is problematic because it indicates that only part of the molecule has been mineralised or that an error has been made.
Prøvetagningsproceduren giver mulighed for at beregne profilen for mængden af emissioner i forhold til tid.
If at the end of the normal incubation period, gas is being produced but a plateau phase is obviously not reached, then it should be considered to prolong the test to check whether the plateau (> 60 %) will be reached.
Prøver opbevares under betingelser, der bevarer analysanden, f.eks. i et køleskab i mørke for at mindske mikrobiel vækst i prøven før analyse.
Measurement of inorganic carbon
EMISSIONSMÅLINGER
At the end of the test after the last measurement of gas pressure, allow the sludge to settle.
Behandlede prøver
Open each vessel in turn and immediately take a sample for the determination of the concentration (mg/l) of inorganic carbon (IC) in the supernatant liquor.
Opsamlet vand analyseres kemisk for det aktive stof og/eller relevante nedbrydnings-/omdannelsesprodukter efter behov.
Neither centrifugation nor filtration should be applied to the supernatant liquor, since there would be an unacceptable loss of dissolved carbon dioxide.
Ubehandlede prøver
If the liquor cannot be analysed on being sampled, store it in a sealed vial, without headspace and cooled to about 4 °C for up to 2 days.
Opsamling af vand (prøven) i dette system og efterfølgende analyse af kemikalier, der var udvasket fra de ubehandlede træprøver, giver mulighed for at anslå beskyttelsesmidlets mulige emissionsrate fra ubehandlet træ.
After the IC measurement, measure and record the pH value.
Opsamling og analyse af vandprøven efter stadigt længere perioders eksponering gør det muligt at anslå emissionsratens ændringshastighed i forhold til tid.
Alternatively, the IC in the supernatant may be determined indirectly by release of the dissolved IC as carbon dioxide that can be measured in the headspace.
Kemiske analyser
Acidify the contents of each vessel to approximately pH 1 by adding of concentrated mineral acid (e.g. H2SO4) through the septum of the sealed vessels.
Rapportering af data
Make similar readings for the corresponding blank, reference substance and, if included, inhibition control vessels (see paragraph 21).
Den daglige emissionsstrøm i mg/m2/dag beregnes ved at tage middelværdien af de tre målinger fra de tre replikater og dividere dem med antal dages nedsænkning.
In some cases, especially if the same control vessels are used for several test substances, measurements of intermediate IC concentrations in test and control vessels should be considered, as appropriate.
Testrapporten skal mindst indeholde følgende oplysninger:
In this case, a sufficient number of vessels should be prepared for all the intermediate measurements.
navnet på leverandøren af det testede beskyttelsesmiddel
This proceeding is preferred to taking all samples from one vessel only.
det testede beskyttelsesmiddels specifikke og entydige navn eller kode
The latter can only be done if the required volume for DIC analysis is not deemed to be too high.
handelsnavn eller generisk navn på den eller de aktive ingredienser med en generisk beskrivelse af hjælpestoffer (f.eks. hjælpeopløsningsmiddel, harpiks) og sammensætningen i % m/m af ingredienserne
The DIC measurement should be made after measuring the gas pressure without release of excess gas as described below:
den relevante retention eller afsætning (i henholdsvis kg/m3 eller l/m2), der er anført for træ, som bruges i kontakt med vand
take as small a volume as possible of supernatant samples with a syringe through the septum without opening the vessels and IC in the sample is determined;
den anvendte træsort med densitet og vækstrate i ringe pr. 10 mm
after having taken the sample the excess gas is released, or not;
afsætning eller retention af det testede beskyttelsesmiddel og den anvendte formel til at beregne retentionen udtrykt som l/m2 eller kg/m3
it should be taken into account that even a small decrease in the supernatant volume (e.g. about 1 %) can yield a significant increase in the headspace gas volume (Vh);
metoden til påføring af beskyttelsesmidlet med angivelse af den anvendte behandlingsplan for en gennemtrængningsproces og påføringsmetoden, hvis der blev benyttet overfladebehandling
the equations (see paragraph 44) are corrected by increasing Vh in equation 3, as necessary.
anvendte konditioneringsprocedurer med angivelse af type, betingelser og varighed
If primary anaerobic degradation (see paragraph 30) is to be determined, take an appropriate volume of sample for specific analyses at the beginning and at the end of the test from the vessels containing the test substance.
Registreringsformular for testmetode
Since 1 mol of methane and 1 mol carbon dioxide each contain 12 g of carbon, the mass of carbon in a given volume of evolved gas may be expressed as:
Skøn over emissioner fra kemisk beskyttet træ til miljøet:
Equation [1]
laboratoriemetode for trævarer, der er i direkte kontakt med ferskvand eller havvand
mass of carbon (mg) in a given volume of evolved gas;
Testlaboratorium
12 relative atomic mass of carbon;
Træbeskyttelsesmiddel
number of moles of gas in the given volume.
Leverandør af beskyttelsesmidlet
If a gas other than methane or carbon dioxide (e.g. N2O) is generated in considerable amounts, the formula [1] should be amended in order to describe the possibility of effects by gases generated.
Beskyttelsesmidlets handelsnavn eller generiske navn
Equation [2]
Relevant retention for træ brugt i kontakt med vand
volume of the gas (m3);
Anvendelse
molar gas constant [8,314 J/(mol K)];
Anvendelsesmetode
incubation temperature (Kelvins).
Anvendelsesdato
By combination of equations [1] and [2] and rationalising to allow for blank control production of gas:
Formel anvendt til beregning af retentionen:
Equation [3]
Konditioneringsmetode
mass of net carbon produced as gas in the headspace (mg);
Konditioneringens varighed
mean of the difference between initial and final pressures in the test vessels minus the corresponding mean in the blank vessels (millibars);
Endeforsegling / antal behandlinger
volume of headspace in the vessel (l);
Efterbehandling
0,1 conversion for both newtons/m2 to millibars and m3 to litres.
Hvis denne oplysning er relevant
Equation [4] should be used for the normal incubation temperature of 35 °C (308 K):
Prøveemner
Equation [4]
Træsorter
Alternative volume calculation.
Træets densitet
Pressure meter readings are converted to ml of gas produced using the standard curve generated by plotting volume (ml) injected versus meter reading (Appendix 2).
(minimum … middelværdi … maksimum)
The number of moles (n) of gas in the headspace of each vessel is calculated by dividing the cumulative gas production (ml) by 25286 ml/mole, which is the volume occupied by one mole of gas at 35 °C and standard atmospheric pressure.
Vækstrate (ringe pr. 10 mm)
Since 1 mole of CH4 and 1 mole of CO2 each contain 12 g of carbon, the amount of carbon (mg) in the headspace (mh) is given by Equation [5]:
Vandindhold
Equation [5]
Retention (f.eks. kg/m3)
Equation [6]
Behandlet »x«
mean of the difference between volume of gas produced in headspace in the test vessels and blank control vessels;
Middelværdi og standardafvigelse eller -område for 5 emner
volume occupied by 1 mole gas at 35 °C, 1 atmosphere.
Behandlet »y«
The course of biodegradation can be followed by plotting the cumulated pressure increase Δp (millibars) against time, if appropriate.
Behandlet »z«
From this curve, identify and record the lag phase (days).
Ubehandlet
The lag phase is the time from the start of the test until significant degradation starts (for example see Appendix 3).
Variation i testmetodeparametre
If intermediate samples of supernatant were taken and analysed (see paragraphs 40, 46 and 47), then the total C produced (in gas plus that in liquid) may be plotted instead of only the cumulative pressure.
f.eks. vandkvalitet, testemnernes dimensioner osv.
Carbon in the liquid
Vandud-skiftning
The amount of methane in the liquid is ignored since its solubility in water is known to be very low.
Emnemasse
Calculate the mass of inorganic carbon in the liquid of the test vessels using equation [7]:
Vandoptagelse
Equation [7]
Vandprøve
mass of inorganic carbon in the liquid (mg);
Behandlet (middel)
concentration of inorganic carbon in the test vessels minus that in the control vessels at the end of the test (mg/l);
Testvand
volume of liquid in the vessel (l).
Starttids-punkt
Total gasified carbon
Der udfærdiges separate tabeller for hver aktiv ingrediens
Calculate the total mass of gasified carbon in the vessel using equation [8]:
Analyseresultater
Equation [8]
Ubehandlede emner
mt = total mass of gasified carbon (mg);
Behandlede emner
mh and ml are as defined above.
Koncentration af aktivt stof i vand
Carbon of test substance
Udledt mængde
Calculate the mass of carbon in the test vessels derived from the added test substance using equation [9]:
Emissionsrate
Equation [9]
Da resultater fra ubehandlede prøver måske skal bruges til at korrigere emissionsrater fra behandlede prøver, anføres ubehandlede resultater først, og alle værdier for behandlede prøver vil være »korrigerede værdier«.
mass of test substance carbon (mg);
Der kan også være en korrektion for den oprindelige vandanalyse.
concentration of test substance carbon in the test vessel (mg/l)
x, y, z repræsenterer de tre kontraprøver
volume of liquid in the test vessel (l).
BIOAKKUMULERING I BENTISKE OLIGOCHAETER, DER LEVER I SEDIMENT
Extent of biodegradation
Denne testmetode svarer til OECD Test Guideline (TG) 315 (2008).
Calculate the percentage biodegradation from headspace gas using equation [10] and the total percentage biodegradation using equation [11]:
Dyr, der lever i og af sedimenter, kan eksponeres for sedimentbundne stoffer (1).
Equation [10]
Blandt disse sedimentædere spiller akvatiske oligochaeter en vigtig rolle i bunden af de akvatiske systemer.
Equation [11]