natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Anæstetika og analgetika:
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) is the test concentration immediately below the LOEC.
ICCVAM (2010), ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report: Recommendations for Routine Use of Topical Anesthetics, Systemic Analgesics, and Humane Endpoints to Avoid orMinimize Pain and Distress in Ocular Safety Testing, NIH Publication No. 10-7514, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Response variable is a variable for the estimation of toxicity derived from any measured variable describing biomass by different methods of calculation.
et kemikalie, der forårsager en reversibel ændring i øjet, b) kemikalier, der er klassificeret som øjenirriterende stoffer i EPA-kategori II eller III, eller øjenirriterende stoffer i GHS-kategori 2, 2A eller 2B eller EU-kategori 2 (17) (18) (19).
For this test method growth rate and yield are response variables derived from measurement variables like main shoot length, total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, or number of whorls.
et kemikalie, som forårsager vævsbeskadigelse i øjet, som ikke er forsvundet inden for 21 dage efter påføring, eller som forårsager alvorlig fysisk synsnedsættelse, b) kemikalier, der er klassificeret som øjenirriterende stoffer i GHS-kategori 1 eller EPA-kategori I eller EU-kategori 1 (17) (18) (19).
Semi-static (renewal) test is a test in which the test solution is periodically replaced at specific intervals during the test.
Trinvis strategi
Static test is a test method without renewal of the test solution during the test.
In vitro-test for kromosomaberrationer i celler fra pattedyr
Test endpoint describes the general factor that will be changed relative to control by the test chemical as aim of the test.
CAS-registreringsnummer
In this test method the test endpoint is inhibition of growth which may be expressed by different response variables which are based on one or more measurement variables.
Selv om testens formål er at påvise ændringer i kromosomstrukturen, er det vigtigt også at notere frekvensen af polyploidi og endofordobling, hvis dette konstateres (jf. pkt. 2).
Test medium is the complete synthetic growth medium on which test plants grow when exposed to the test chemical.
I: Sensitivity, specificity and relative predictivity, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol. 584/1-2, pp.
The test chemical will normally be dissolved in the test medium.
1-256.
UVCB is a substance of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction product or biological material
, Population doubling: a simple and more accurate estimation of cell growth suppression in the in vitro assay for chromosomal aberrations that reduces irrelevant positive results, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Vol. 43/1, pp.
Yield is value of a measurement variable to express biomass at the end of the exposure period minus the measurement variable at the start of the exposure period.
36-44.
Note: When the growth pattern of unexposed organisms is exponential, yield-based response variables will decrease with the test duration.
, Chromosome aberrations in vitro related to cytotoxicity of nonmutagenic chemicals and metabolic poisons, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Vol. 31/4, pp.
MODIFIED ANDREWS' MEDIUM FOR STOCK CULTURE AND PRE-CULTURE
316-326.
From five separately prepared nutrient stock solutions the modified Andrews' medium required for stock culture and pre culture will be prepared, with addition of 3 % sucrose.
, Industrial Genotoxicology Group collaborative trial to investigate cell cycle parameters in human lymphocyte cytogenetics studies, Mutagenesis, Vol.12/3, pp.
Table 1
163-167.
Composition of Andrews' nutrient solution: (ASTM Designation E 1913-04)
For de assays, som er omfattet af denne forsøgsmetode ved hjælp af cellelinjer, identificeres cytotoksicitet som en reduktion i den relative populationsfordobling (RPD) eller den relative forøgelse af celletal (RICC) i de behandlede celler sammenlignet med den negative kontrol (jf. punkt 17 og tillæg 2).
Production of nutrient stock solutions
For de assays, som er omfattet af denne forsøgsmetode ved hjælp af primære kulturer af lymfocytter, identificeres cytotoksicitet som en reduktion i mitoseindekset (MI) i de behandlede celler sammenlignet med den negative kontrol (jf. punkt 18 og tillæg 2).
Production of nutrient solution
for korttidsundersøgelser: de enkelte dyrs vægt ved testens begyndelse og slutning; for undersøgelser af mere end en uges varighed: individuel kropsvægt under undersøgelsen og fødeindtagelse.
Stock solution
Kropsvægtinterval, gennemsnit og standardafvigelse for hver enkelt gruppe bør medtages.
Initial weight per 1000 ml
for korttidsundersøgelser: de enkelte dyrs vægt ved testens begyndelse og slutning; for undersøgelser af mere end en uges varighed: individuel kropsvægt under undersøgelsen og fødeindtagelse.
ml per 5 l nutrient solution
Sidstnævnte er den protokol, der blev anvendt til De Europæiske Fællesskabers sponsorerede prævalideringsundersøgelse, som blev gennemført i 1997-1998.
74,6 mg
Begge disse protokoller var baseret på BCOP-forsøgsmetoden, som først blev rapporteret af Gautheron et al.
8,08 g
I: ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report — in vitro Ocular Toxicity Test Methods for Identifying Ocular Severe Irritants and Corrosives.
18,88 g
I: ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report — Current Validation Status of In Vitro Test Methods Proposed for Identifying Eye Injury Hazard Potential of Chemicals and Products.
9,86 g
Protocol 124: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay — SOP of Microbiological Associates Ltd.
See below stock solution 3.1
Ispra, Italien: Europæisk Center for Validering af Alternative Metoder (ECVAM).
2,72 g
Ethvert laboratorium bør, når det påbegynder brug af dette assay, benytte kompetencekemikalierne i tillæg 2.
0,278 g
Et laboratorium kan benytte disse kemikalier til at godtgøre sin tekniske kompetence vedrørende brug af ICE-forsøgsmetoden, inden det påbegynder fremsendelse af ICE-data med henblik på forskriftsmæssig fareklassificering.
0,372 g
Prinsen, M. K. og Koëter, B. W.
Stock solutions can be kept in a refrigerator for 6 months (at 5-10 °C).
For en grundig evaluering, som vil være nødvendig for at få et negativt resultat, bør alle tre følgende forsøgsbetingelser dog gennemføres med en kortvarig behandling med og uden metabolisk aktivering og langtidsbehandling uden metabolisk aktivering (jf. punkt 56, 57 og 58):
Only stock solution No. 5 has a reduced shelf life (two months).
Cellerne bør udsættes for testkemikaliet uden metabolisk aktivering i 3-6 timer, og prøven udtages efter et tidsrum, der svarer til ca. 1,5-2,0 gange cellecykluslængden, regnet fra behandlingens begyndelse (19),
Production of stock solution 3.1 for preparing stock solution 3
Egnede metoder bør anvendes til at kontrollere eventuelle systematiske fejl (bias) eller afvigelser ved brug af et automatisk scoringssystem, f.eks. flowcytometri, laserskanningcytometri eller billedanalyse.
Initial weight g/100 ml
Uanset hvilken elektronisk platform, der anvendes til at optælle mikrokerner, bør CBPI, RI, RPD eller RICC vurderes samtidigt.
MnSO4 × 4 H2O
Cytobios, Vol. 43/172-173, s. 233-246.
ZnSO4 × 7 H2O
Eastmond, D. A., J.D.
CuSO4 × 5 H2O
Mutagenese vol. 8/4, s. 329-334.
6Mo7O24 × 4 H2O
Albertinis, S. et al.
After having produced stock solution 3.1 (Table 2), deep-freeze this solution in approximately 11 ml-aliquots (at – 18 °C at least).
Mutagenesis, Vol. 23/4, pp.
The deep-frozen portions have a shelf life of five years.
271-283.
To produce stock solution 3, defrost stock solution 3.1, fill 10 ml of it into a 1 l volumetric flask and add ultra-pure water up to the flask's mark.
Payne, C. M. et al.
To obtain modified Andrews' medium, fill approximately 2500 ml ultra-pure water into a 5 l volumetric flask.
Lorge, E. et al.
After adding 50 ml of each stock solution, fill 90 % of the volumetric flask with ultra-pure water and set pH to 5,8.
Corvi, R. et al.
After this, add 150 g dissolved sucrose (3 % per 5 l); then, fill the volumetric flask with ultra-pure water up to the mark.
Lovell, D.P. et al.
Finally, the nutrient solution is filled into 1 l Schott flasks and autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 minutes.
Johnson, T.E., D.R. Umbenhauer, S.M.
The nutrient solution thus yielded can be kept sterile in a refrigerator (at 5-10 °C) for three months.
Brookmire, L., J.J.
Modified Andrews' medium for Sediment-free toxicity test
Sobol Z. et al.
From the five nutrient stock solutions already mentioned in Tables 1 and 2, a tenfold concentrated, modified Andrews' medium required for obtaining the test solutions will be prepared, with addition of 30 % sucrose.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Vol. 52/4, pp.
To do so, fill approximately 100 ml ultra-pure water into a 1 l volumetric flask.
280-286.
After adding 100 ml of each of the stock solutions, set pH to 5,8.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Vol. 52/5, pp.
After this, add 30 % dissolved sucrose (300 g per 1000 ml); then, fill the volumetric flask with ultra-pure water up to the mark.
355-362.
Finally, the nutrient solution is filled into 0,5 l Schott flasks and autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 minutes.
Graden af reproducerbarhed for de forudsigelser, der kan forventes fra forsøgsmetoden, ligger i størrelsesordenen 85 % inden for laboratorier og 80 % mellem laboratorier (10).
The tenfold concentrated modified nutrient solution thus yielded can be kept sterile in a refrigerator (at 5-10 °C) for three months.
Resultater, der er fremkommet i valideringsundersøgelsen (18) og offentliggjorte undersøgelser (19), viser generelt, at nøjagtigheden af DPRA til sondring mellem sensibiliserende stoffer (dvs. UN GHS-/CLP-kategori 1) og ikke-sensibiliserende stoffer er 80 % (N= 157) med en følsomhed på 80 % (88/109) og en specificitet på 77 % (37/48) sammenlignet med LLNA-resultater.
MAINTENANCE OF STOCK CULTURE
Et testkemikalie bør være opløseligt i et passende opløsningsmiddel i en slutkoncentration på 100 mM (se punkt 18).
In this Appendix 3 the stock culture of Myriophyllum spicatum L [1], a submersed aquatic dicotyledon, a species of the water milfoils family is described.
Testkemikalier, der ikke er opløselige i denne koncentration, kan imidlertid stadig testes ved lavere opløselige koncentrationer.
For sediment-free stock culture under laboratory conditions, sterile plants are required.
I så fald vil et positivt resultat stadig kunne anvendes til at understøtte bestemmelsen af testkemikaliet som hudsensibiliserende, men et negativt resultat bør ikke føre til nogen endelig konklusion om manglende reaktivitet.
Sterile plants are available from the ecotoxicology laboratory of the German Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency of Germany).
eventuel forekomst af bundfald i reaktionsblandingen ved afslutningen af inkubationstiden; om bundfaldet blev genopløst eller centrifugeret
Alternatively, test organisms can be prepared from non-sterile plants in accordance with ASTM designation E 1913-04.
33, 1353-1364:
See below — extracted from the ASTM Standard Guide — the procedure for culturing Myriophyllum sibiricum collected from field:
I max
Since the modified Andrews' medium contains sucrose (which stimulates the growth of fungi and bacteria), all material, solutions and culturing be conducted under sterile conditions.
kemikalie, der frembringer en reversibel ændring i øjet efter påføring på øjets anteriore overflade; b) kemikalier, der er klassificeret som øjenirriterende stoffer i UN GHS-kategori 2A eller 2B, EU CLP-kategori 2 eller U.S.
In addition, all flasks, dishes, bowls etc and other equipment undergo flame treatment at the sterile workbench just prior to use.
EPA-kategori, II eller III.
Stock cultures can be maintained under reduced illumination and temperature (50 μE m– 2 s– 1, 20 ± 2 °C) for longer times without needing to be re-established.
OECD (2014), Reports of the JaCVAM initiative international pre-validation and validation studies of the in vivo rodent alkaline comet assay for the detection of genotoxic carcinogens, Series on Testing and Assessment, nr. 195 og 196, OECD Publishing, Paris.
The Myriophyllum growth medium should be the same as that used for testing but other nutrient rich media can be used for stock cultures.
, Evaluation of multi-organ DNA damage by Comet assay from 28 days repeated dose oral toxicity test in mice: A practical approach for test integration in regulatory toxicity testing, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 58/1, pp.
The plant segments are distributed axenically over several 500 ml Erlenmeyer or/and 2000 ml Fernbach flasks, each filled with approximately 450 respectively 1000 ml modified Andrews' medium.
145-54.
Then, the flasks are axenically cellulose plug stoppered.
Bilag A til den europæiske konvention om beskyttelse af hvirveldyr, der anvendes til forsøg og andre videnskabelige formål (ETS nr. 123)
In addition, thorough flame treatment of equipment at the sterile workbench just prior to use is absolutely necessary.
, Recommendations for conducting the in vivo alkaline Comet assay, Mutagenesis, Vol.18/1, pp.45-51.
Dependent on number and size, the plants are to be transferred into fresh nutrient solution approximately every three weeks.
i tabelform: data for teststofkoncentration i fisk (Cf, i tilknytning til de enkelte fisk) og vand (Cw) (med middelværdier for test- og kontrolgruppe, standardafvigelse og interval, hvis det er relevant) for alle prøveudtagningstidspunkter (Cf udtrykt i mg/kg vådvægt af hele fisken eller specificeret væv deraf, f.eks. fedtvæv, og Cw i mg/l) CW-værdier for kontrolrækker (baggrundsværdier oplyses)
Apices as well as segments of the stem middle part for this renewed culture can be used.
I begyndelsen af 2004 fik en EU-PBT-arbejdsgruppe forelagt et udkast til en protokol (38) om måling af bioakkumuleringspotentialet for tungtopløselige organiske stoffer, som den almindelige biokoncentreringsmetode med eksponering i vand ikke kan anvendes på, sammen med et baggrundsdokument (39).
Number and size of transferred plants (or segments of plants) are dependent on how many plants are needed.
En yderligere begrundelse for metoden var, at den potentielle miljømæssige eksponering for så tungtopløselige stoffer (dvs. log KOW >5) i vid udstrækning kan ske i føden (jf. (40) (41) (42) (43) (44)).
For example, you can transfer five shoot segments into one Fernbach flask and three shoot segments into one Erlenmeyer flask, each with a length of 5 cm.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at eksponering i vandfasen omhyggeligt undgås i den metode, der er beskrevet her, og en BMF-værdi fra denne forsøgsmetode kan derfor ikke umiddelbart sammenlignes med en BMF-værdi fra en feltundersøgelse (hvor eksponering i vand og føde kan kombineres).Denne del af denne forsøgsmetoden er baseret på denne protokol (38) og er en ny metode, som ikke er med i den tidligere udgave af TM C.13.
Discard any rooted, flowering, dead or otherwise conspicuous parts.
Denne alternative test gør det muligt direkte at undersøge eksponering i føde under kontrollerede laboratorieforhold.
Cutting of plants for the stock and pre culture after 3 weeks of cultivation
Denne metode gør det muligt at bestemme den stofspecifikke halveringstid (t1/2, fra hastighedskonstanten for udskillelse k2), assimileringseffektiviteten (absorption i tarmene, a), den kinetiske fødebiomagnificeringsfaktor (BMFK), den vækstkorrigerede kinetiske biomagnificeringsfaktor i føde (BMFKg) og den lipidkorrigerede [45] kinetiske biomagnificeringsfaktor i føde (BMFKL) (og/eller den vækst- og lipidkorrigerede kinetiske fødebiomagnificeringsfaktor (BMF KgL) for teststoffet i fisk.
waste
Med hensyn til metoden med eksponering i vand vil stigningen i fiskemasse i løbet af testen medføre en fortynding af teststoffet i voksende fisk, og dermed bliver (kinetisk) BCF undervurderet, hvis der ikke korrigeres for vækst (jf. punkt 162 og 163).
pre culture
Hvis det skønnes, at ligevægt er indtrådt i optagelsesfasen, kan man beregne en vejledende ligevægts-BMF.
stock culture
Der findes metoder, som gør det muligt at anslå en kinetisk biokoncentreringsfaktor (BCFK) fra data, der er genereret i fodringsundersøgelsen (f.eks. (44) (45) (46) (47) (48).
Culturing of plants is to be performed in 500 ml Erlenmeyer and 2000 ml Fernbach flasks in a cooling incubator at 20 ± 2 °C with continuously light at approximately 100-150 μE m– 2 s– 1 or 6000-9000 Lux (emitted by chamber illumination with colour temperature “warm white light”).
Fordele og ulemper ved sådanne metoder er beskrevet i tillæg 8.
Culturing of plants in a cooling incubator with chamber illumination
Testen er primært tilrettelagt med henblik på tungtopløselige ikke-polære organiske stoffer, der i det store og hele følger optagelses- og udskillelseskinetik af første orden i fisk.
Chemically clean (acid-washed) and sterile glass culture vessels should be used and aseptic handling techniques employed.
Koncentrationer af referencestoffet måles kun på dag 1 og 3 og på to andre prøveudtagningstidspunkter under udskillelsesfasen, som skal ligge på tidspunkter, der gør det muligt at foretage pålidelige skøn over nulstillingskoncentration (C0,d) og k2 for referencestoffet.
In the event of contamination of the stock culture e.g. by algae, fungi and/or bacteria a new culture should be prepared or a stock culture from another laboratory should be used to renewal of the one culture.
( 31) Smedes F. (1999), Determination of total lipid using non-chlorinated solvents.
Carl von Linné (* May, 23th, 1707 in Råshult/Älmhult; † January, 10th, 1778 in Uppsala).
20-25
MAINTENANCE OF PRE-CULTURE AND PREPARATION OF TEST ORGANISM FOR TESTING
13-17
To obtain pre-culture, cut shoots of stock culture into segments with two whorls each; put segments into Fernbach flasks filled with modified Andrews' medium (with 3 % sucrose).
PRØVEUDTAGNINGSPLAN FOR TEST MED EKSPONERING I VAND OG FØDE
Each flask can contain up to 50 shoot segments.
Udtagning af fiskeprøver
However, care is to be taken that the segments are vital and do not have any roots and lateral branches or their buds (see figure 1 in Appendix 3).
Antal fisk pr. prøve [1]
The pre-culture organisms are cultured for 14 to 21 days under sterile conditions in an environmental chamber with alternating 16/8 hour light/dark phases.
Mindste hyppighed (dage) [2]
Light intensity selected from the range of 100-150 μE m– 2 s– 1.
Supplerende prøveudtagning (dage) [2]
Since the modified Andrews' medium contains sucrose (which stimulates the growth of algae, fungi and bacteria), test chemical solutions should be prepared and culturing be conducted under sterile conditions.
4-8 [5]
Sterilisation is carried out via heated air treatment (210 °C) for 4 hours or autoclaving for 20 minutes at 121 °C.
Fiskene overføres til vand uden teststof
In addition, all flasks, dishes, bowls etc. and other equipment undergo flame treatment at the sterile workbench just prior to use.
40-72
Shoots are axenically removed from the pre-culture flasks, choosing material that is as homogeneous as possible.
(48-80) [5]
Each testing requires at least 60 test organisms (testing with eight test chemical concentrations).
05-10
For testing, take fresh lateral branches from pre-cultures, shorten them to 2,5 cm from base (measured with ruler) and transfer them into a beaker containing sterile modified Andrews' medium.
(8-13) [8]
These fresh lateral branches can be used for the sediment-free Myriophyllum spicatum toxicity test.
5-10
Cutting of plants from the pre culture for the sediment-free Myriophyllum spicatum toxicity test
10-15 [10]
waste or further cultivation
(13-18) [11]
fresh lateral branches for the test
(8-13) [11]
C.51 water-sediment Myriophyllum spicatum toxicity test
10-15 [10](13-18) [11]
This test method is equivalent to the OECD test guideline 239 (2014).
59-120
Test methods are available for the floating, monocotyledonous aquatic plant, Lemna species (1) and for algal species (2).
(63-126) [10] [11]
These methods are routinely used to generate data to address the risk of test chemicals, in particular chemicals with herbicidal activity, to non-target aquatic plant species.
50-110
However, in some cases, data for additional macrophyte species may be required.
(56-116) [10] [11]
Recent guidance published from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) workshop on Aquatic Macrophyte Risk Assessment for Pesticides (AMRAP) proposed that data for a rooted macrophyte species may be required for test chemicals where Lemna and algae are known not to be sensitive to the mode of action or if partitioning to sediment is a concern, leading to exposure via root uptake (3).
Afsnit 5, 6 og 8 er dog kun relevante for metoden med eksponering i vand, men er medtaget her, da der er tale om »generelle« teknikker.
Based on current understanding and experience, Myriophyllum spp were selected as the preferred species in cases where data are required for a submerged, rooted dicotyledonous species (4) (5) (6).
Den sekventielle metode (afsnit 4 og 5) og den samtidige metode (afsnit 6) kan benyttes til at beregne de optagelses- og udskillelseskonstanter, som anvendes til at udlede kinetiske BCF-værdier.
The water-sediment Myriophyllum spicatum test method complements the sediment-free Myriophyllum spicatum Toxicity Test (7).
[Ligning A5.17]
This document describes a test method, which allows assessment of the effects of a test chemical on the rooted, aquatic plant species Myriophyllum spicatum, growing in a water-sediment system.
Eksempelvis er optagelsesfasens længde (dvs. tiden indtil der indtræder en vis procentdel ligevægt, f.eks. t80 og t95) for et teststof med log KOW = 4 (ved hjælp af ligning A5.5, ligning A5.16 og ligning A5.17):
The test method is based partly on existing methods (1) (2) (8) and takes account of recent research related to the risk assessment of aquatic plants (3).
2,45dage59 timer
The water-sediment method has been validated by an international ring-test conducted with Myriophyllum species grown under static conditions, which were exposed to the test chemical through applications made via the water column (9).
4,60dage59 timer
However, the test system is readily adapted to allow for exposure via spiked sediment or exposure via the water phase in semi-static or pulsed-dose scenarios, although these scenarios have not been formally ring tested.
teSS = 6,54 · 10 – 3 · Kow + 55,31(timer)
Furthermore, the general method can be used for other rooted, submerged and emergent species including other Myriophyllum species (e.g. Myriophyllum aquaticum) and Glyceria maxima (10).
[Ligning A5.19]
Modifications of test conditions, design and duration may be required for alternative species.
hvor k2 er givet ved den tidligere beregning, Cf er koncentrationen i fisk ved udskillelsesfasens begyndelse, og Cw er den gennemsnitlige koncentration i vandet i optagelsesfasen [5].Visuel inspektion af hældningerne k1 og k2, når de plottes mod de målte prøveudtagningspunktdata, kan anvendes til at vurdere graden af egnethed.
In particular, more work is needed to define appropriate procedures for Myriophyllum aquaticum.
Når k1/k2 erstattes med BCF (jf. ligning A5.4) i ligning A5.25 og ligning A5.26, kan standardfejlen og et 95 % konfidensinterval for BCF anslås.
These options are not presented in detail in this test method, which describes the standard approach for exposure of Myriophyllum spicatum in a static system via the water phase.
Det er især nyttigt ved sammenligning af forskellige skøn på grund af transformation af data.
This test method applies to substances, for which the test method has been validated, (see details in the ring test report (9)) or to formulations or known mixtures.
Den afhængige variabel (koncentration i fisk) kan fittes med eller uden ln transformation, og den deraf følgende BCF-usikkerhed kan fastslås.
A Myriophyllum test may be conducted to fulfil a Tier 1 data requirement triggered by potential test chemical partitioning to sediment or mode of action/selectivity issues.