natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I nogle tilfælde kan spildevandsfri vakuumdannelse opnås ved brug af produktet som en barrierevæske i en mekanisk vakuumpumpe eller ved brug af en gasstrøm fra produktionsprocessen.
BAT 22: In order to reduce the organic load discharged to waste water treatment from the spent caustic scrubber liquor originating from the removal of H2S from the cracked gases, BAT is to use stripping.
Adskillelse ved kilden af spildevandsstrømme
For the description of stripping see Section 12.2.
Spildevand fra produktionsanlæg til aromatiske forbindelser adskilles fra spildevand fra andre kilder for at lette genvindingen af råmaterialer eller produkter
The stripping of scrubber liquors is carried out using a gaseous stream, which is then combusted (e.g. in the cracker furnace).
For eksisterende anlæg kan anvendeligheden være begrænset af drænsystemer, der er specifikke for stedet
BAT 23: In order to prevent or reduce the amount of sulphides discharged to waste water treatment from the spent caustic scrubber liquor originating from the removal of acid gases from the cracked gases, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Separation af flydende fase med genvinding af kulbrinter
Use of low-sulphur raw materials in the cracker feed
Separation af organiske og vandige faser med passende design og drift (f.eks. tilstrækkelig opholdstid, fasegrænsepåvisning og kontrol) for at forebygge iblanding af uopløst organisk materiale
Use of raw materials that have a low sulphur content or have been desulphurised
Stripning med genvinding af kulbrinter
Applicability may be restricted by a need for sulphur doping to reduce coke build-up
Se afsnit 12.2.
Maximisation of the use of amine scrubbing for the removal of acid gases
Stripning kan bruges på individuelle eller kombinerede strømme
The scrubbing of the cracked gases with a regenerative (amine) solvent to remove acid gases, mainly H2S, to reduce the load on the downstream caustic scrubber
Anvendeligheden kan være begrænset, hvis koncentrationen af kulbrinter er lav
Not applicable if the lower olefin cracker is located far away from an SRU.
Genbrug af vand
Applicability for existing plants may be restricted by the capacity of the SRU
BAT 28: For at udnytte ressourcerne effektivt er det BAT at maksimere brugen af produceret brint, f.eks. fra dealkyleringsreaktioner, som et kemisk reagens eller brændsel ved brug af BAT 8a eller, hvor dette ikke er praktisk muligt, at genvinde energi fra disse procesafkast (se BAT 9).
Oxidation of sulphides present in the spent scrubbing liquor to sulphates, e.g. using air at elevated pressure and temperature (i.e. wet air oxidation) or an oxidising agent such as hydrogen peroxide
Energieffektivitet
BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR AROMATICS PRODUCTION
BAT 29: For at opnå effektiv energiudnyttelse ved brug af destillering er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to the production of benzene, toluene, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene (commonly known as BTX aromatics) and cyclohexane from the pygas by-product of steam crackers and from reformate/naphtha produced in catalytic reformers; and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions given in Section 1.
Destillationsoptimering
BAT 24: In order to reduce the organic load from process off-gases sent to the final waste gas treatment and to increase resource efficiency, BAT is to recover organic materials by using BAT 8b. or, where that is not practicable, to recover energy from these process off-gases (see also BAT 9).
For hver destillationskolonne optimeres antallet af bunde, tilbagestrømningshastigheden, indfødningsplaceringen og for ekstraktiv destillations vedkommende forholdet mellem opløsningsmidler og materialet
BAT 25: In order to reduce emissions to air of dust and organic compounds from the regeneration of hydrogenation catalyst, BAT is to send the process off-gas from catalyst regeneration to a suitable treatment system.
Anvendeligheden i eksisterende enheder kan være begrænset af design, tilgængelig plads og/eller driftsvilkår
The process off-gas is sent to wet or dry dust abatement devices to remove dust and then to a combustion unit or a thermal oxidiser to remove organic compounds in order to avoid direct emissions to air or flaring.
Genvinding af varme fra overliggende gasformig strøm i kolonnen
The use of decoking drums alone is not sufficient.
Genbrug kondenseringsvarme fra toluen- og xylendestillationskolonnen til at levere varme andre steder i anlægget
BAT 26: In order to reduce the amount of organic compounds and waste water discharged from aromatic extraction units to waste water treatment, BAT is either to use dry solvents or to use a closed system for the recovery and reuse of water when wet solvents are used.
Enkeltkolonne til ekstraktiv destillation
BAT 27: In order to reduce the waste water volume and the organic load discharged to waste water treatment, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
I et konventionelt system til ekstraktiv destillering ville separation kræve en sekvens med to separationstrin (dvs. primær destillationskolonne med sidekolonne eller stripper).
Water-free vacuum generation
I en enkeltkolonne til ekstraktiv destillation foregår separationen af opløsningsmidlet i en mindre destillationskolonne, som er indbygget i den første kolonnes skal
Use mechanical pumping systems in a closed circuit procedure, discharging only a small amount of water as blowdown, or use dry-running pumps.
Kan kun anvendes i nye anlæg eller ved væsentlig renovering af anlæg.
In some cases, waste-water-free vacuum generation can be achieved by use of the product as a barrier liquid in a mechanical vacuum pump, or by use of a gas stream from the production process
Anvendeligheden kan være begrænset for enheder med mindre kapacitet, idet kombinationen af en række aktiviteter i et enkelt stykke udstyr kan begrænse driften
Source segregation of aqueous effluents
Destillationskolonne med skillevæg
Aqueous effluents from aromatics plants are segregated from waste water from other sources in order to facilitate the recovery of raw materials or products
I et konventionelt destillationssystem kræver separation af en trekomponentblanding i dens rene fraktioner en direkte sekvens på mindst to destillationskolonner (eller hovedkolonner med sidekolonner).
For existing plants, the applicability may be restricted by site-specific drainage systems
Med en kolonne med skillevæg kan separationen udføres i et enkelt apparat
Liquid phase separation with recovery of hydrocarbons
Termisk koblet destillation
Separation of organic and aqueous phases with appropriate design and operation (e.g. sufficient residence time, phase boundary detection and control) to prevent any entrainment of undissolved organic material
Hvis destillationen foregår i to kolonner, kan energistrømmene i begge kolonner kobles sammen.
Stripping with recovery of hydrocarbons
Dampen fra toppen af den første kolonne tilføres en varmeveksler i bunden af den anden kolonne.
See Section 12.2.
Anvendeligheden afhænger af konfigurationen af destillationskolonnerne og procesforholdene, f.eks. arbejdstrykket
Stripping can be used on individual or combined streams
BAT 30: For at forebygge eller reducere mængden af brugt ler, der sendes til bortskaffelse, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller dem begge.
Applicability may be restricted when the concentration of hydrocarbons is low
Selektiv hydrogenering af reformat eller pygas
Reuse of water
Nedbring olefinindholdet i reformatet eller pygassen ved hjælp af hydrogenering.
With further treatment of some waste water streams, water from stripping can be used as process water or as boiler feed water, replacing other sources of water
Med fuldt hydrogenerede råmaterialer har lerbehandlere længere driftscyklusser
BAT 28: In order to use resources efficiently, BAT is to maximise the use of co-produced hydrogen, e.g. from dealkylation reactions, as a chemical reagent or fuel by using BAT 8a. or, where that is not practicable, to recover energy from these process vents (see BAT 9).
Kan kun anvendes i anlæg, hvor der bruges råmaterialer med et højt olefinindhold
Energy efficiency
Udvælgelse af lermateriale
BAT 29: In order to use energy efficiently when using distillation, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Brug en ler, der varer så længe som muligt under de givne forhold (dvs. som har overflade-/strukturegenskaber, som øger varigheden af driftscyklussen), eller brug et syntetisk materiale, som har samme funktion som den pågældende ler, men som kan regenereres
Distillation optimisation
BAT-KONKLUSIONER FOR FREMSTILLING AF ETHYLBENZEN OG STYRENMONOMER
For each distillation column, the number of trays, reflux ratio, feed location and, for extractive distillations, the solvents to feed ratio are optimised
BAT-konklusionerne i dette afsnit er anvendelige på fremstilling af ethylbenzen ved hjælp af enten zeolit- eller AlCl3-katalyseret alkylering og fremstilling af styrenmonomer enten ved hjælp af ethylbenzendehydrogenering eller samproduktion med propylenoxid og gælder ud over de generelle BAT-konklusioner i afsnit 1.
Applicability to existing units may be restricted by design, space availability and/or operational constraints
Valg af proces
Recovery of heat from column overhead gaseous stream
BAT 31: For at forebygge eller reducere emissionerne til luft af organiske forbindelser og sure gasser, produktionen af spildevand og mængden af affald sendt til bortskaffelse fra alkylering af benzen med ethylen er det BAT for nye anlæg og ved væsentlig renovering at anvende katalyse med zeolitter.
Reuse condensation heat from the toluene and the xylene distillation column to supply heat elsewhere in the installation
BAT 32: For at reducere mængden af HCl, der sendes til endelig restgasbehandling fra alkyleringsenheden i den AlCl3-katalyserede ethylbenzenproduktionsproces, er det BAT at anvende kaustisk skrubning.
Single extractive distillation column
Se beskrivelsen af kaustisk skrubning i afsnit 12.1.
In a conventional extractive distillation system, the separation would require a sequence of two separation steps (i.e. main distillation column with side column or stripper).
Kan kun anvendes i eksisterende anlæg, hvor den AlCl3-katalyserede ethylbenzenproduktionsproces bruges.
In a single extractive distillation column, the separation of the solvent is carried out in a smaller distillation column that is incorporated into the column shell of the first column
BAT 33: For at reducere mængden af støv og HCL, der sendes til endelig restgasbehandling fra katalysatorudskiftningsaktiviteter i den AlCl3-katalyserede ethylbenzenproduktionsproces, er det BAT at anvende vådskrubning og derefter bruge den brugte skrubbervæske som vaskevand i det afsnit, hvor reaktoren udvaskes efter alkylering.
Only applicable to new plants or major plant upgrades.
Se beskrivelsen af vådskrubning i afsnit 12.1.
Applicability may be restricted for smaller capacity units as operability may be constrained by combining a number of operations into one piece of equipment
BAT 34: For at reducere den organiske belastning, der sendes til endelig restgasbehandling fra oxidationsenheden i SMPO-produktionsprocessen, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
Distillation column with a dividing wall
Teknikker til at reducere iblandingen af væsker
In a conventional distillation system, the separation of a three-component mixture into its pure fractions requires a direct sequence of at least two distillation columns (or main columns with side columns).
Skrubning
With a dividing wall column, separation can be carried out in just one piece of apparatus
Skrubning foregår med et egnet opløsningsmiddel (f.eks. den kolde, recirkulerede ethylbenzen) til at absorbere ethylbenzen, som recirkuleres til reaktoren
Thermally coupled distillation
For eksisterende anlæg kan anvendeligheden af recirkuleret ethylbenzen være begrænset af anlæggets design
If distillation is carried out in two columns, energy flows in both columns can be coupled.
BAT 35: For at reducere emissionerne til luft af organiske forbindelser fra acetophenonhydrogeneringsenheden i SMPO-produktionsprocessen under andre vilkår end normale driftsvilkår (f.eks. opstart) er det BAT at sende procesrøggassen til et passende behandlingssystem.
The steam from the top of the first column is fed to a heat exchanger at the base of the second column
BAT 36: For at reducere produktionen af spildevand fra ethylbenzendehydrogenering og maksimere genvindingen af organiske forbindelser er det BAT at anvende en passende kombination af nedenstående teknikker.
Applicability depends on the set-up of the distillation columns and process conditions, e.g. working pressure
Optimeret separation af flydende fase
BAT 30: In order to prevent or reduce the amount of spent clay being sent for disposal, BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below.
Dampstripning
Selective hydrogenation of reformate or pygas
Se afsnit 12.2
Reduce the olefin content of reformate or pygas by hydrogenation.
Kondensater fra reaktionen kan bruges som procesvand eller som kedelmateriale efter dampstripning (se teknik b) og adsorption (se teknik c).
With fully hydrogenated raw materials, clay treaters have longer operating cycles
BAT 37: For at reducere emissionerne til vand af organiske peroxider fra oxidationsenheden i SMPO-produktionsprocessen og beskytte det biologiske spildevandsbehandlingsanlæg nedstrøms er det BAT at forbehandle spildevand, der indeholder organiske peroxider, ved hjælp af hydrolyse, før dette kombineres med andre spildevandsstrømme og ledes til endelig biologisk rensning.
Only applicable to plants using raw materials with a high olefin content
Se beskrivelsen af hydrolyse i afsnit 12.2.
Clay material selection
BAT 38: For at genvinde organiske forbindelser fra ethylbenzendehydrogenering forud for genvinding af brint (se BAT 39) er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller dem begge.
Use a clay that lasts as long as possible for its given conditions (i.e. having surface/structural properties that increase the operating cycle length), or use a synthetic material that has the same function as the clay but that can be regenerated
Absorptionsmidlet består af kommercielle organiske opløsningsmidler (eller tjære fra ethylbenzenanlæg) (se BAT 42b).
BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR ETHYLBENZENE AND STYRENE MONOMER PRODUCTION
VOC genvindes ved stripning af skrubbervæsken
The BAT conclusions in this section apply to the production of ethlybenzene using either the zeolite or AlCl3 catalysed alkylation process; and the production of styrene monomer either by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation or co-production with propylene oxide; and apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions given in Section 1.
BAT 39: For at øge ressourceeffektiviteten er det BAT at genvinde produceret brint fra ethylbenzendehydrogenering og bruge det som enten et kemisk reagens eller til forbrænding af røggassen fra dehydrogeneringen som et brændsel (f.eks. i overhederen)
Process selection
BAT 40: For at øge ressourceeffektiviteten af acetophenonhydrogeneringsenheden i SMPO-produktionsprocessen er det BAT at minimere overskydende brint eller genanvende brint ved hjælp af BAT 8a.
BAT 31: In order to prevent or reduce emissions to air of organic compounds and acid gases, the generation of waste water and the amount of waste being sent for disposal from the alkylation of benzene with ethylene, BAT for new plants and major plant upgrades is to use the zeolite catalyst process.
Hvis BAT 8a ikke kan anvendes, er det BAT at genvinde energi (se BAT 9).
BAT 32: In order to reduce the load of HCl sent to the final waste gas treatment from the alkylation unit in the AlCl3-catalysed ethylbenzene production process, BAT is to use caustic scrubbing.
BAT 41: For at reducere mængden af affald, der sendes til bortskaffelse fra neutralisering af brugte katalysatorer i den AlCl3-katalyserede ethylbenzenproduktionsproces, er det BAT at genvinde organiske restforbindelser ved stripning og derefter koncentrere den vandige fase for at få et anvendeligt AlCl3-biprodukt.
For the description of caustic scrubbing, see Section 12.1.
Dampstripning bruges først til at fjerne VOC, derefter koncentreres den brugte katalysatoropløsning ved inddampning for at få et anvendeligt AlCl3-biprodukt.
Only applicable to existing plants using the AlCl3 catalysed ethylbenzene production process.
Dampfasen kondenseres for at få en HCL-opløsning, der genbruges i processen.
BAT 33: In order to reduce the load of dust and HCl sent to the final waste gas treatment from catalyst replacement operations in the AlCl3-catalysed ethylbenzene production process, BAT is to use wet scrubbing and then use the spent scrubbing liquor as wash water in the post-alkylation reactor wash section.
BAT 42: For at forebygge eller reducere den mængde tjære, der sendes til bortskaffelse fra destillationsenheden i ethylbenzenproduktionen, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
For the description of wet scrubbing, see Section 12.1.
Se BAT 17c
BAT 34: In order to reduce the organic load sent to the final waste gas treatment from the oxidation unit in the SMPO production process, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Brug af tjære som absorptionsmiddel til skrubning
Techniques to reduce liquids entrainment
Se afsnit 12.1.
Scrubbing
Brug tjæren som absorptionsmiddel i de skrubbere, der anvendes i styrenmonomerproduktionen ved ethylbenzendehydrogenering, i stedet for kommercielle organiske opløsningsmidler (se BAT 38b).
Scrubbing is carried out with a suitable solvent (e.g. the cool, recirculated ethylbenzene) to absorb ethylbenzene, which is recycled to the reactor
I hvilket omfang der kan bruges tjære, afhænger af skrubberens kapacitet
For existing plants, the use of the recirculated ethylbenzene stream may be restricted by the plant design
Brug af tjære som brændsel
BAT 35: In order to reduce emissions of organic compounds to air from the acetophenone hydrogenation unit in the SMPO production process, during other than normal operating conditions (such as start-up events), BAT is to send the process off-gas to a suitable treatment system.
Se BAT 17e
BAT 36: In order to reduce waste water generation from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and to maximise the recovery of organic compounds, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.
BAT 43: For at reducere produktionen af koks (som både er en katalysatorgift og et affaldsprodukt) fra enheder, der producerer styren ved ethylbenzendehydrogenering, er det BAT at arbejde ved det lavest mulige tryk, der er sikkert og praktisk muligt.
Optimised liquid phase separation
BAT 44: For at reducere den mængde af organiske restprodukter, der sendes til bortskaffelse fra styrenmonomerproduktionen, herunder dens samproduktion med propylenoxid, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
Steam stripping
Se BAT 17a
See Section 12.2
Se BAT 17b
Condensates from the reaction can be used as process water or as boiler feed after steam stripping (see technique b.) and adsorption (see technique c.)
BAT-KONKLUSIONER FOR FORMALDEHYDPRODUKTION
BAT 37: In order to reduce emissions to water of organic peroxides from the oxidation unit in the SMPO production process and to protect the downstream biological waste water treatment plant, BAT is to pretreat waste water containing organic peroxides using hydrolysis before it is combined with other waste water streams and discharged to the final biological treatment.
BAT-konklusionerne i dette afsnit gælder ud over de generelle BAT-konklusioner i afsnit 1.
For the description of hydrolysis see Section 12.2.
BAT 45: For at reducere emissionerne til luft af organiske forbindelser fra formaldehydproduktion og udnytte energien effektivt er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker.
BAT 38: In order to recover organic compounds from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation prior to the recovery of hydrogen (see BAT 39), BAT is to use one or both of the techniques given below.
Send restgasstrømmen til en forbrændingsenhed
The absorbent consists of commercial organic solvents (or tar from ethylbenzene plants) (see BAT 42b).
Se BAT 9
VOCs are recovered by stripping of the scrubber liquor
Kan kun anvendes i sølvprocessen
BAT 39: In order to increase resource efficiency, BAT is to recover the co-produced hydrogen from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, and to use it either as a chemical reagent or to combust the dehydrogenation off-gas as a fuel (e.g. in the steam superheater).
Katalytisk oxidator med energigenvinding
BAT 40: In order to increase the resource efficiency of the acetophenone hydrogenation unit in the SMPO production process, BAT is to minimise excess hydrogen or to recycle hydrogen by using BAT 8a.
Energien genvindes som damp
If BAT 8a is not applicable, BAT is to recover energy (see BAT 9).
Kan kun anvendes i metaloxidprocessen Muligheden for at genvinde energi kan være begrænset i små selvstændige anlæg
BAT 41: In order to reduce the amount of waste being sent for disposal from spent catalyst neutralisation in the AlCl3-catalysed ethylbenzene production process, BAT is to recover residual organic compounds by stripping and then concentrate the aqueous phase to give a usable AlCl3 by-product.
Termisk oxidator med energigenvinding
Steam stripping is first used to remove VOCs, then the spent catalyst solution is concentrated by evaporation to give a usable AlCl3 by-product.
Tabel 5.1
The vapour phase is condensed to give a HCl solution that is recycled into the process.
BAT-AEL'er for emissioner til luft af TVOC og formaldehyd fra formaldehydproduktion
BAT 42: In order to prevent or reduce the amount of waste tar being sent for disposal from the distillation unit of ethylbenzene production, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
(dagligt gennemsnit eller gennemsnit for prøvetagningsperioden)
See BAT 17c
(mg/Nm3, ingen korrektion for iltindhold)
Use of tar as an absorbent for scrubbing
< 5-30 [22]
See section 12.1.
2-5
Use the tar as an absorbent in the scrubbers used in styrene monomer production by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, instead of commercial organic solvents (see BAT 38b).
Den tilknyttede monitering er beskrevet i BAT 2.
The extent to which tar can be used depends on the scrubber capacity
BAT 46: For at forebygge eller reducere spildevandsproduktionen (f.eks. fra rensning, overløb og kondensater) og den organiske belastning, der ledes til yderligere spildevandsbehandling, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller dem begge.
Use of tar as a fuel
Vandige strømme (f.eks. fra rensning, overløb og kondensater) sendes tilbage i processen for primært at justere formaldehydproduktkoncentrationen.
See BAT 17e
I hvilket omfang vandet kan genbruges, afhænger af den ønskede formaldehydkoncentration
BAT 43: In order to reduce the generation of coke (which is both a catalyst poison and a waste) from units producing styrene by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, BAT is to operate at the lowest possible pressure that is safe and practicable.
Kemisk forbehandling
BAT 44: In order to reduce the amount of organic residues being sent for disposal from styrene monomer production including its co-production with propylene oxide, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
Omdannelse af formaldehyd til andre stoffer, som er mindre toksiske, f.eks. ved tilsætning af natriumsulfit eller ved oxidation
See BAT 17a
Kan kun anvendes til spildevand, som på grund af formaldehydindholdet kunne have en negativ virkning på den biologiske spildevandsbehandling nedstrøms
See BAT 17b
BAT 47: For at reducere den mængde paraformaldehydholdigt affald, der sendes til bortskaffelse, er det BAT at anvende en af nedenstående teknikker eller en kombination af disse.
BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR FORMALDEHYDE PRODUCTION
Minimering af paraformaldehyddannelse
The BAT conclusions in this section apply in addition to the general BAT conclusions given in Section 1.