natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
På den anden side vil en sådan sondring være til fordel for ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører og ingeniør-, indkøbs- og bygge- og anlægsvirksomheder, der er aktive i sektoren for forsyningsanlæg, og som har brug for adgang til billige multikrystallinske moduler for at kunne konkurrere med andre vedvarende energikilder i teknologineutrale udbud.
On the other hand, such a distinction will serve better the interests of unrelated importers and engineering, procurement and construction companies (EPCs) active in the utility-scale sector, which need access to cheap commodity type multi-crystalline modules to be able to compete with other renewable energy sources in technology neutral tenders.
Toldmyndighederne kan nemt skelne mellem monokrystallinske og multikrystallinske celler.
Mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline cells can be easily distinguished by customs authorities.
Multikrystallinske celler fremstilles af multikrystallinsk silicium (multi-Si) bestående af små krystaller.
Multi-crystalline cells are made of multi-crystalline silicon (multi-Si) consisting of small crystals.
Monokrystallinske celler fremstilles af monokrystallinsk silicium (mono-Si), som består af et enkelt krystal.
Mono-crystalline cells are made of mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si), a continuous crystal.
Mono- og multikrystallinske celler er aldrig kombineret i et modul, og der findes derfor ingen moduler bestående af både mono- og multikrystallinske celler.
Mono- and multi-crystalline cells are never combined in one device, therefore there are no modules that are made with both mono- and multi-crystalline cells.
Multikrystallinske moduler fremstilles udelukkende af multikrystallinske celler, og monokrystallinske moduler fremstilles udelukkende af monokrystallinske celler.
Multi-crystalline modules are made exclusively of multi-crystalline cells; and mono-crystalline modules are made exclusively of mono-crystalline cells.
Monokrystallinske varer har en højere effektivitet til at konvertere sollys til elektricitet, hvilket resulterer i en højere effekt pr. arealenhed.
Mono-crystalline products have higher efficiency of converting sunlight into electrical current, which results in a higher output per area of space.
Monokrystallinske varer kan skelnes fra multikrystallinske varer ved fysisk inspektion.
Mono-crystalline products can be identified from multi-crystalline products by physical inspection.
Multikrystallinske celler er helt rektangulære.
The multi-crystalline cell is perfectly rectangular.
Monokrystallinske celler har derimod fået skåret de fire hjørner af.
A mono-crystalline cell, by contrast, has its four corners cut off.
Kommissionen vurderede derfor, at der burde være separate minimumsimportpriser for mono- og multikrystallinske celler og moduler, og at hver af de fire varetyper bør have en separat Taric-kode.
Therefore, the Commission considered that there should be separate MIPs for mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline cells and modules and each of the four product types should have its own TARIC code.
Gradvis reduktion af den variable minimumsimportpristold
Gradual decrease of the variable duty MIP
I henhold til det nuværende pristilsagn, som Kommissionen godtog, justeres minimumsimportprisen for moduler og celler hvert kvartal ved henvisning til internationale spotpriser, der omfatter kinesiske priser, som indgår i Bloomberg-databasen (også kaldet Bloomberg eller BNEF-spotprisindeks).
Under the current price undertaking accepted by the Commission, the MIP for modules and cells is adjusted quarterly by reference to international spot prices of modules, including Chinese prices, as reported by the Bloomberg database (also called Bloomberg or BNEF spot prices index).
Ved godtagelsen af tilsagnet vurderede Kommissionen, at denne pris afspejlede den ikke-skadevoldende pris og sikrede Unionen et tilstrækkeligt udbud af den betragtede vare [21].
When accepting the undertaking, the Commission considered that this price reflected the non-injurious price and ensured sufficient supply of the Union with the product under consideration [21].
I udløbsundersøgelserne blev Kommissionen opmærksom på, at justeringsmekanismen for tilsagnsminimumsimportprisen i størstedelen af 2016 ikke fulgte de globale prisfald og derved ikke længere afspejlede den ikke-skadevoldende pris, som var blevet fastlagt i den oprindelige undersøgelse.
In the expiry review investigations the Commission became aware that throughout most of 2016 the undertaking MIP adjustment mechanism did not follow global price decreases, and hence no longer reflected the non-injurious price, as established in the original investigation.
Desuden havde den tidligere justeringsmekanisme afskåret cellebrugere i Unionen (dvs. ikke vertikalt integrerede modulproducenter) og modulbrugere (dvs. enkeltpersoner og virksomheder, der køber solcelleanlæg) fra globale effektivitetsforbedringer [22].
In addition the previous adjustment system had cut European cell users (i.e. non-vertically integrated module makers) and module users (i.e. individuals and companies purchasing solar systems) off global efficiency gains [22].
De oplysninger, som de interesserede parter indsendte, bekræftede nemlig, at tilsagnsminimumsimportprisen stoppede med at følge den faldende globale pristendens i løbet af 2016.
Indeed, the evidence provided by the interested parties confirmed that the undertaking MIP stopped following the decreasing global price trend during 2016.
Selv om minimumsimportprisen blev væsentligt reduceret i begyndelsen af 2017, var der stadig en betydelig forskel mellem minimumsimportprisen og de globale priser [23].
Even if at the beginning of 2017 the MIP got significantly decreased, there was still a significant gap between the MIP and the global prices [23].
Derfor undersøgte Kommissionen, om der var et andet benchmark, der bedre ville afspejle det ikke-skadevoldende prisniveau som fastsat i den oprindelige undersøgelse samt de globale omkostninger og prisfald.
Therefore the Commission investigated whether there was another benchmark, which would better reflect the non-injurious price level as established in the original investigation and global cost and price decreases.
En EU-producent og en sammenslutning af EU-producenter påstod, at den nye justeringsmekanisme for minimumsimportprisen burde baseres på læringsraten i solenergiindustrien.
One Union producer and an association of the Union producers claimed that the new MIP adaptation mechanism should be based on the solar industry learning rate.
De oplysninger, som de interesserede parter indsendte, bekræftede, at produktionsomkostningerne i solenergiindustrien har været konstant faldende, hvilket afspejles i industriens læringsrate.
The evidence provided by all interested parties confirmed that the cost of production in the solar industry has been continuously falling, which is reflected in the learning rates of the solar industry.
Adskillige andre interesserede parter indsendte omfattende dokumentation for, at solenergiindustriens læringsrate ikke var egnet som benchmark for justeringsmekanismen for minimumsimportprisen.
However, several other interested parties commented extensively why the solar industry learning rates are not suitable as a benchmark for a MIP adaptation mechanism.
For det første påstod parterne, at de undersøgelser, der omtaler læringsrater, omfatter en vurdering over længere tid af disse rater.
First, the parties claimed that the studies which report learning rates estimate these rates over long periods of time.
De afspejler derfor ikke korttidsdynamikken på markedet.
Therefore they do not reflect short term dynamics in the market.
Desuden har den undersøgte periode en markant betydning for resultaterne.
In addition, the time period under consideration has a significant impact on the results.
Den seneste rapport fra International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (»ITRPV«) omtaler f.eks. en rate på 22,5 % over 40 år [24] og en rate på 39 % over de seneste 10 år [25].
For example, the latest International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (‘ITRPV’) reports the rate of 22,5 % over 40 years [24] and a rate of 39 % over the last 10 years [25].
De interesserede parter påstod også, at hovedformålet med læringsrater ikke er at forudsige prisudviklingen i den nærmeste fremtid.
The interested parties also claimed that the primary aim of the learning rates is not to forecast the development of prices in the near future.
ITRPV's læringsrate indgår f.eks. i det projekt, der har til formål at oplyse leverandører og kunder om forventede teknologiske tendenser og skabe debat om fornødne forbedringer og standarder.
For instance, the ITRPV's learning rate is part of the project whose aim it is to inform suppliers and customers about anticipated technology trends and to stimulate discussion on required improvements and standards.
Endelig indikerer læringsraten prisfaldet for hver fordobling af de samlede forsendelser af moduler på verdensplan [26].
Finally, the learning curve rate indicates the decrease in prices for each doubling of global cumulative module shipments [26].
Vurdering af fremtidig efterspørgsel er i sagens natur kendetegnet ved en markant usikkerhed.
Forecasting the demand is by its very nature characterised by significant uncertainty.
En af de interesserede parter påpegede følgende: Det er vigtigt at bemærke, at vurdering af fremtidig efterspørgsel og vækst kun er kvalificerede gæt og i høj grad afhænger af faktorer såsom handelspolitikker på forskellige markeder, ændringer i støtteordninger og ændringer i solenergilovgivningen på de enkelte markeder.
As one of the interested parties pointed out: ‘It is important to note that forecasts of future demand and growth are only educated guesses and highly dependent on factors such as the trade policies in place in different markets, changes to support schemes and changes to the regulatory framework governing solar PV in each market’.
Der findes derfor flere forskellige vurderinger af udviklingen i den globale efterspørgsel, som udarbejdes af forskellige organisationer.
For these reasons there are several forecasts of the evolution of the global demand, which are produced by several organisations.
Kommissionen godtog disse argumenter og bemærkede følgende.
The Commission accepted these arguments and noted the following.
Hvis Kommissionen havde besluttet at anvende læringsraten til justeringsmekanismen for minimumsimportprisen, ville det have været nødvendigt at undersøge, hvilken af disse to rater der ville være bedst egnet til at forudsige udviklingen i faldet i solenergisektorens omkostninger over de kommende 18 måneder.
If the Commission had decided to use the learning rate for the MIP adaptation mechanism, it would have needed to assess which of these two rates would be more suitable to forecast the evolution of the cost decline in the solar sector over the next 18 months.
Denne vurdering ville have medført et markant element af kompleksitet.
Making such an assessment would have introduced a significant element of complexity.
Desuden indikerer læringsraten prisfaldet for hver fordobling af de samlede forsendelser af moduler på verdensplan [27].
Furthermore, the learning curve rate indicates the decrease in prices for each doubling of global cumulative module shipments [27].
Kommissionen konkluderede derfor, at brugen af solenergiindustriens læringsrater til at justere minimumsimportprisen ville medføre markant usikkerhed, hvilket vil gøre det umuligt at foretage præcise prognoser af prisudviklingen.
Therefore, as the precise prediction is impossible, the Commission would be obliged to make an educated guess and choose a precise date when the cumulative shipments will double between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021, which entails a high degree of uncertainty.
Kommissionen besluttede derfor at anvende et andet benchmark, som er baseret på nyere og mere gennemsigtige og pålidelige data.
Finally, the Commission noted that none of the downstream and upstream companies who replied to the request for information uses the solar industry learning rates to forecast the evolution of prices.
Hovedparten af de interesserede parter påstod, at den nye justeringsmekanisme burde baseres på priserne i det taiwanske markedsanalysefirma PV Insights.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that using the solar industry learning rates to adapt the MIP would introduce considerable uncertainties, which would render any precise predictions on price developments impossible.
Kun Solar World, den største europæiske producent, mente, at PV Insights er upålidelig.
Therefore, the Commission decided to rely on another benchmark, which is based on more recent, transparent and reliable data.
Det blev desuden konstateret, at PV Insights er det mest anvendte blandt de interesserede parter.
Most of the interested parties claimed that the new adjustment mechanism should be based on the price quotes by Taiwanese market intelligence agency PV Insights.
Adskillige parter påpegede, at priserne i PV Insights og prisudviklingstendenserne heri stemmer overens med priserne og tendenserne i et andet indeks, som anvendes af industrien, nemlig Energy Trend PV (som ledes af et andet markedsanalysefirma i Taiwan).
Only Solar World, the largest European producer, considered PV Insights unreliable.
Derimod var priserne i det indeks, der p.t. anvendes, nemlig Bloomberg-databasen, meget mere volatile, og omkring december 2015 begyndte Bloombergs spotprisindeks at følgende en anden tendens end PV Insights og Energy Trend PV.
PV Insights was also considered to be the most widely used by the interested parties.
Bloomberg-databasen er baseret på frivillige prisindberetninger, hvilket betyder, at den kun omfatter en begrænset del af markedet.
Several parties pointed out that the prices quoted by PV Insights and its price development trends were in line with the prices and trends quoted by another index trusted by the industry, i.e. Energy Trend PV (run by another market intelligence also based in Taiwan).
Kommissionen anmodede ITRPV om at fremlægge flere oplysninger om de solenergipriser, som de anvendte til at beregne læringsraten for solenergiindustrien.
By contrast, the prices quoted by the index used at present, i.e. Bloomberg database were subject to much more volatility and around December 2015 Bloomberg spot prices index started following a different trend from PV Insights and Energy Trend PV.
ITRPV fremlagde prisoplysningerne og anførte, at de i øjeblikket anvender to kilder — PV Insights og Energy Trend PV.
The Bloomberg database is based on voluntary price quote submissions, which means that it has captured only a very small part of the market.
Før udgangen af 2016 havde ITRPV anvendt flere prisindekser, herunder også Bloombergs spotprisindeks.
The Commission requested the ITRPV to provide more information on the solar prices that they used to calculate the solar industry learning rate.
Da PV Insights er en af de kilder, som ITRPV anvender, og da priserne i PV Insights og Energy Trend PV har været næsten identiske, har prisniveauet og prisudviklingen, som ITRPV anvendte til at beregne læringsraten, næsten været identisk med de data, som blev indberettet af PV Insights, især siden udgangen af 2016.
The ITRPV provided the price data and indicated that they currently use two sources — PV Insights and Energy Trend PV.
Kommissionen udarbejdede et system med en faldende minimumsimportpris baseret på data fra PV Insights, som blev anset for at være de mest pålidelige og mest anvendte data i solenergiindustrien.
Before the end of 2016, ITRPV had used a wider basket of prices, including Bloomberg spot prices index.
Udgangspunktet for systemet med den faldende minimumsimportpris er baseret på den nuværende ikke-skadevoldende minimumspris, der blev fastsat i henhold til pristilsagnet for celler (0,23 EUR/W) og moduler (0,46 EUR/W).
Given that PV Insights is one of the two sources used by the ITRPV and that the prices quoted by PV Insights and Energy Trend PV have been broadly in line with each other, the level and evolution of prices that the ITRPV used to calculate the learning rate have been closely in line with the data reported by PV Insights, especially since the end of 2016.
Med disse priser skelnes der dog ikke mellem multikrystallinske og monokrystallinske varer, hvilket ikke vil være tilfældet med den nye mekanisme.
The Commission devised a decreasing MIP system based on the PV Insights data, which was considered the most reliable and the most widely used by the solar industry.
Kommissionen fandt en prisforskel over en treårig periode mellem monokrystallinske og multikrystallinske celler og moduler [28].
The starting point of this decreasing MIP system is based on the current non-injurious minimum price established under the price undertaking for cells (EUR 0,23/W) and modules (EUR 0,46/W).
Gennemsnittet af denne prisforskel blev ligeligt fordelt mellem mono- og multikrystallinske celler og moduler for at fastsætte den ikke-skadevoldende pris for hver varetype, nemlig 0,210 EUR/W og 0,437 EUR/W for hhv. multikrystallinske celler og moduler og 0,250 EUR/W og 0,483 EUR/W for monokrystallinske celler og moduler.
These prices, however, do not distinguish between the multi- and mono- products, which the new mechanism will do.
Disse priser vil gradvis nærme sig de priser, der pt. anføres i PV Insights [29], nemlig 0,18 EUR/W og 0,3 EUR/W for hhv. multikrystallinske celler og moduler og 0,21 EUR/W og 0,35 EUR/W for monokrystallinske celler og moduler.
The Commission found a price difference over a 3-year period between mono- and multi- cells and modules [28].
Denne justeringsmekanisme vil føre til minimumsimportpriser, der inden september 2018 vil være på niveau med de globale priser for første kvartal 2017 (de senest tilgængelige globale priser for hele kvartalet i det pågældende år).
The average of this price difference was evenly split between mono- and multi- cells and modules to establish the current non-injurious price for each product type i.e. EUR 0,210/W and EUR 0,437/W for multi-crystalline cells and modules, respectively and EUR 0,250/W and EUR 0,483/W for mono-crystalline cells and modules.
Da priserne er faldet voldsomt over de seneste tre år, er de største producenters margener blevet betydeligt mindre [30].
These price will gradually converge towards the current prices reported by PV Insights [29], i.e. EUR 0,18/W and EUR 0,3/W for multi-crystalline cells and modules, respectively, and EUR 0,21/W and EUR 0,35/W for mono-crystalline cells and modules.
Kommissionen forventede derfor, at et så voldsomt prisfald ikke kunne vare ved meget længere, og at priserne i september 2018 ville være betydeligt lavere, hvilket dermed yder EU-erhvervsgrenen en sidste beskyttelse.
This adaptation mechanism will result in MIPs which by September 2018 will be at the level of global prices in the first quarter of 2017 (the latest available global prices for the whole quarter of the year).
Følgelig giver mekanismen mulighed for konvergens mod verdensmarkedspriserne inden for relativt kort tid.
As the prices have been going aggressively down over the last three years, the margins of the key manufactures shrank considerably [30].
For det første sikres det, at man vender tilbage til det ikke-skadevoldende prisniveau, som blev fastsat i den oprindelige undersøgelse.
Therefore, the Commission expected that such an aggressive drop in prices could not be sustained for much longer and the prices in September 2018 would not be significantly lower, and hence still offering some residual protection to the Union industry.
For det andet er dette i overensstemmelse med resultaterne i udløbsundersøgelserne vedrørende afvejningen af interesser som led i vurderingen af Unionens interesser [31].
Accordingly, the mechanism allows the convergence towards world market prices in a relatively short timeframe.
Mekanismen har desuden den fordel, at den bedre afspejler de nyere teknologiske udviklinger og dermed forbundne mulige prisbesparelser for forbrugerne, hvilket vil sikre, at brugerne i Unionen ikke længere vil være afskåret fra globale effektivitetsforbedringer.
First, this ensures a return to the non-injurious price level as established in the original investigation.
Samtidig yder mekanismen EU-erhvervsgrenen passende beskyttelse, således at den kan tilpasse sig det øgede konkurrencepres, når foranstaltningerne udløber.
Second, this is in line with the findings in the expiry review investigations concerning the balance of interests under the Union interest test [31].
Efter fremlæggelsen af oplysninger modtog Kommissionen mange bemærkninger om niveauet for den variable minimumsimportpristold.
It has furthermore the advantage of reflecting better the more recent technological developments and the price saving potential for consumers, which ensures that the users in the Union will no longer be cut off from the global efficiency gains.
Celle- og modulproducenterne i Unionen og deres sammenslutning påstod, at de globale markedspriser ikke afspejlede det ikke-skadevoldende prisniveau, da de bestemmes af dumping af massiv kinesisk overkapacitet.
At the same time this mechanism provides adequate protection for the Union industry to adapt to increased competitive pressure once the measures lapse.
Den variable minimumsimportpristold, som er baseret på det globale prisbenchmark, ville derfor være for lav.
Following disclosure the Commission received many comments on the level of the variable duty MIP.
De gentog deres påstand om, at minimumsimportprisen derimod burde baseres på den langsigtede læringsrate i solenergiindustrien.
The Union cell and module makers and their association claimed that the global market prices did not reflect the non-injurious level of prices as they are driven by the dumping of massive Chinese overcapacities.
Da Kommissionen godtog tilsagnet i juli 2013, havde den imidlertid allerede konstateret, at de internationale spotpriser for moduler, inkl. de kinesiske priser, afspejlede den ikke-skadevoldende pris [32].
Therefore, the variable duty MIP based on the global price benchmark would be too low.
I den interimsundersøgelse, der blev afsluttet med gennemførelsesforordning (EU) 2016/12, konkluderede Kommissionen desuden, at det prisbenchmark, der omfattede en stigende andel af kinesiske virksomheder, opfyldte det formål, der var blevet fastsat i de gældende foranstaltninger [33].
They reiterated their claim that, instead, the MIP should be based on the long-term solar industry learning rate.
Kommissionen afviste derfor denne påstand.
However, when accepting the undertaking in July 2013, the Commission had already considered that international spot prices of modules, including Chinese prices, reflected the non-injurious price [32].
Celle- og modulproducenterne i Unionen og deres sammenslutning påstod desuden, at PV Insights i øjeblikket undersøges af Taiwans konkurrencemyndighed (Taiwan Fair Trade Commission) som følge af en klage, der blev indgivet af den taiwanske sammenslutning af solcelleproducenter.
Moreover, in the interim review terminated by Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/12, the Commission concluded that the price benchmark including an increasing share of Chinese companies fulfilled its objective as set out in the measures in force [33].
Undersøgelsen blev indledt på baggrund af påstande om, at PV Insights-indekset var domineret eller endda manipuleret af kinesiske priser, og at prisniveauet i indekset ligger under produktionsomkostningerne i Taiwan.
The Commission therefore rejected this claim.
Parterne mente, at det derfor ikke ville være hensigtsmæssigt at benytte PV Insights.
The Union cell and module makers and their association also claimed that PV Insights is currently under investigation by the Taiwan Fair Trade Commission, Taiwan's national competition authority, following a complaint by the Taiwanese solar manufactures association.
Kommissionen mindede om, at virksomhederne i aftager- og leverandørleddet havde udtalt, at PV Insights var det mest pålidelige indeks i deres daglige aktiviteter.
This investigation was opened on the basis of the claims that PV Insights index was dominated or even manipulated by Chinese price quotes and that the index's price level is below the cost of production in Taiwan.