natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
vandkvaliteten i testbeholderne (pH, temperatur, koncentration af opløst ilt, hårdhed, ammoniakkoncentrationer og eventuelle andre målinger)
However, if natural sediment is used, it should be characterised at least by origin (collection site), pH and ammonia of the pore water, total organic carbon content (TOC) and nitrogen content, particle size distribution (percent sand, silt, and clay), and percent water content (7), and it should be free from any contamination and other organisms that might compete with, or prey on the test organisms.
samlet organisk kulstofindhold (TOC), forhold mellem tørvægt og vådvægt, sedimentets pH og eventuelle andre målinger
Measurement of redox potential and cation exchange capacity is optional.
samlet antal og — hvis det er bestemt — antal hele og ikke hele orme i hvert testkammer ved afslutningen af testen
It is also recommended that, before it is spiked with the test chemical, the natural sediment be conditioned for seven days under the same conditions which prevail in the subsequent test.
tørvægt af ormene i hvert testkammer ved afslutningen af testen og — hvis den er målt — tørvægt af en delprøve af ormene ved begyndelsen af testen
At the end of this conditioning period, the overlying water should be removed and discarded.
eventuel observeret unormal adfærd sammenlignet med kontrollerne (f.eks. undgåelse af sediment, tilstedeværelse eller fravær af fækale pellets)
The sediment to be used must be of a quality that will allow the survival and reproduction of the control organisms for the duration of the exposure period without showing any abnormal appearance or behaviour.
eventuelle observerede dødsfald
The control worms should burrow in the sediment, and they should ingest the sediment.
estimater for toksicitetsendepunkter (f.eks. ECx, NOEC og/eller LOEC) og de statistiske metoder, der anvendt til at beregne dem
Reproduction in the controls should at least be according to the validity criterion as described in paragraph 13.
nominelle testkoncentrationer, målte testkoncentrationer og resultater af alle foretagne analyser med henblik på at bestemme testkemikaliekoncentrationen i testbeholderne
The presence or absence of fecal pellets on the sediment surface, which indicate sediment ingestion by the worms, should be recorded and can be helpful for the interpretation of the test results with respect to exposure pathways.
eventuelle afvigelser fra validitetskriterierne.
Additional information on sediment ingestion can be obtained by using methods described in (24), (25), (44), and (45), which specify sediment ingestion or particle selection in the test organisms.
Evaluering af resultater:
Manipulation procedures for natural sediments prior to use in the laboratory are described in (3), (7), and (12).
resultaternes overensstemmelse med validitetskriterierne i punkt 13
The preparation and storage of the artificial sediment recommended to be used in the Lumbriculus test is described in Appendix 4.
Kapitel C.27 i dette bilag, Toksicitetstest sediment/vand på chironomider med forurenet sediment.
The test chemical is to be spiked to the sediment.
In co-operation with R. Nagel and B. Karaoglan.
As most test chemicals are expected to have low water solubility, they should be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent (e.g. acetone, n-hexane, cyclohexane) at a volume as small as possible in order to prepare the stock solution.
202 67 429.
The stock solution should be diluted with the same solvent to prepare the test solutions.
Report EPS 1/RM/___.
Toxicity and volatility of the solvent, and the solubility of the test chemical in the chosen solvent should be the main criteria for the selection of a suitable solubilising agent.
Kapitel C.1 i dette bilag, Akut toksicitet for fisk.
For each concentration level the same volume of the corresponding solution should be used.
Sediment test using benthic oligochaetes«, 26.-27.4.1999, Hochheim/Main, Tyskland.
The sediment should be spiked in bulk for each concentration level in order to minimise between-replicate variability of the test chemical concentration.
A guidance to application, OECD Series on Testing and Assessment No. 54, OECD, Paris, Frankrig.
Each of the test solutions is then mixed with quartz sand as described in paragraph 22 (e.g. 10 g of quartz sand per test vessel).
Kemikalie betyder et stof eller en blanding.
In order to soak the quartz sand completely, a volume of 0,20 - 0,25 ml per g of sand has been found sufficient.
Konditioneringsperiode bruges til at stabilisere den mikrobielle bestanddel af sedimentet og fjerne f.eks. ammoniak fra sedimentets bestanddele;
Thereafter, the solvent must be evaporated to dryness.
den finder sted, inden testkemikaliet tilsættes til sedimentet.
In order to minimise losses of the test chemical through co-evaporation (e.g. depending on the chemical's vapour pressure), the coated sand should be used immediately after drying.
Normalt kasseres det overliggende vand efter konditionering.
The dry sand is mixed with the suitable amount of formulated sediment of the corresponding concentration level.
ECx er den koncentration af testkemikaliet i sedimentet, der har x % (f.eks. 50 %) effekt på en biologisk parameter i løbet af en nærmere angivet eksponeringsperiode.
The amount of sand provided by the test-chemical-and-sand mixture has to be taken into account when preparing the sediment (i.e. the sediment should thus be prepared with less sand).
Ækvilibreringsperioden skal give mulighed for fordeling af testkemikaliet mellem den faste fase, porevandet og det overliggende vand;
The major advantage of this procedure is that virtually no solvent is introduced to the sediment (7).
den finder sted efter tilsætning af testkemikaliet til sedimentet og inden tilsætning af testorganismerne.
Alternatively, e.g. for field sediment, the test chemical may be added by spiking a dried and finely ground portion of the sediment as described above for the quartz sand, or by stirring the test chemical into the wet sediment, with subsequent evaporating of any solubilising agent used.
Eksponeringsfasen er det tidsrum, hvori testorganismerne eksponeres for testkemikaliet.
Care should be taken to ensure that the test chemical added to sediment is thoroughly and evenly distributed within the sediment.
Formuleret sediment eller rekonstitueret, kunstigt eller syntetisk sediment: en blanding af materialer, der bruges til at efterligne de fysiske komponenter i naturligt sediment.
If necessary, subsamples may be analysed to confirm the target concentrations in the sediment, and to determine degree of homogeneity.
Laveste koncentration med observeret effekt (LOEC) er den laveste koncentration af et testkemikalie, som i testen har vist sig at have en signifikant toksisk virkning (p ≤ 0,05) sammenlignet med kontrollen.
It may also be useful to analyse subsamples of the test solutions to confirm the target concentrations in the sediment.
Alle testkoncentrationer over LOEC skal dog have en virkning, der mindst svarer til den, som iagttages ved LOEC.
Since a solvent is used for coating the test chemical on the quartz sand, a solvent control should be employed which is prepared with the same amount of the solvent as the test sediments.
Kan disse to betingelser ikke opfyldes, skal der fyldestgørende redegøres for, hvordan den pågældende LOEC (og dermed NOEC) er valgt.
The method used for spiking, and the reasons for choosing a specific spiking procedure other than described above should be reported.
Octanol/vand-fordelingskoefficient (Kow; også betegnet Pow) er forholdet mellem et kemikalies opløselighed i n-octanol og vand ved ligevægt og er et udtryk for et kemikalies lipofilicitet (kapitel A.24 i dette bilag).
Additional guidance on spiking procedures is given in Environment Canada (1995) (46).
Kow eller logaritmen for Kow (log Kow) benyttes som rettesnor for et kemikalies potentiale for bioakkumulering i vandorganismer.
Once the spiked sediment has been prepared, distributed to the replicate test vessels, and topped with the test water, it is desirable to allow partitioning of the test chemical from the sediment to the aqueous phase (e.g. (3)(7)(9)).
Organisk kulstof/vand-fordelingskoefficient (Koc) er forholdet mellem et kemikalies koncentration i eller på andelen af organisk kulstof i sediment og kemikaliets koncentration i vand ved ligevægt.
This should preferably be done under the conditions of temperature and aeration used in the test.
Overliggende vand er det vand, der dækker sedimentet i testbeholderen.
Appropriate equilibration time is sediment and chemicals specific, and can be in the order of hours to days and in rare cases up to several weeks (4-5 weeks) (e.g. (27)(47)).
det vand, der optager pladsen mellem sediment- eller jordpartikler.
In this test, equilibrium is not awaited but an equilibration period of 48 hours to 7 days is recommended.
Hastighedskonstanten for optagelse fra sediment (ks)
Thus, time for degradation of the test chemical will be minimised.
Spiket sediment er sediment, som er tilsat testkemikalie.
Depending on the purpose of the study, e.g., when environmental conditions are to be mimicked, the spiked sediment may be equilibrated or aged for a longer period.
Sammensætning af det anbefalede rekonstituerede vand
At the end of this equilibration period, samples should be taken at least of the overlying water and the bulk sediment, at least at the highest concentration and a lower one, for analysis of the test chemical concentration.
(jf. kapitel C.1 i dette bilag (1))
These analytical determinations of the test chemical should allow for calculation of mass balance and expression of results based on measured initial concentrations.
Calciumchloridopløsning
In general, sampling disturbs or destroys the sediment water system.
Opløs 11,76 g CaCl2 · 2H2O i deioniseret vand;
Therefore it is usually not possible to use the same replicates for sampling of sediment and worms.
fortynd til 1 l med deioniseret vand
Additional “analytical” vessels of appropriate dimensions have to be set up, which are treated in the same way (including the presence of test organisms) but not used for biological observations.
Magnesiumsulfatopløsning
The vessel dimensions should be selected to provide the sample amounts required by the analytical method.
Opløs 4,93 g MgSO4 · 7H2O i deioniseret vand;
Details of sampling are described in paragraph 53.
Natriumhydrogencarbonatopløsning
PERFORMANCE OF THE TEST
Opløs 2,59 g NaHCO3 i deioniseret vand;
If no information is available on the toxicity of the test chemical towards Lumbriculus variegatus, it may be useful to conduct a preliminary experiment in order to determine the range of concentrations to be tested in the definitive test, and to optimise the test conditions of the definitive test.
Kaliumchloridopløsning
For this purpose a series of widely spaced concentrations of the test chemical are used.
Opløs 0,23 g KCl i deioniseret vand;
The worms are exposed to each concentration of the test chemical for a period (e.g. 28 d as in the definitive test) which allows estimation of appropriate test concentrations;
Alle kemikalier skal være af analysekvalitet.
no replicates are required.
Det destillerede eller deioniserede vands ledningsevne må ikke overstige 10 μScm– 1.
The behaviour of the worms, for example sediment avoidance, which may be caused by the test chemical and/or by the sediment, should be observed and recorded during a preliminary test.
25 ml af hver af opløsningerne a)-d) blandes, og der fortyndes til et samlet volumen på 1 l med deioniseret vand.
Concentrations higher than 1000 mg/kg sediment dry weight should not be tested in the preliminary test.
Summen af calcium- og magnesiumioner i disse opløsninger er 2,5 mmol/l.
In the definitive test, at least five concentrations should be used and selected e.g. based on the result of the preliminary range-finding test (paragraph 31), and as described in paragraphs 35, 36, 37 and 38.
Forholdet mellem Ca- og Mg-ioner er 4:1, og forholdet mellem og Na- og K-ioner 10:1.
A control (for replication see paragraphs 36, 37 and 38) containing all constituents, except for the test chemical, is run in addition to the test series.
Syrekapaciteten KS4.3 i denne opløsning er 0,8 mmol/l.
If any solubilising agent is used for application of the test chemical, it should have no significant effect on the test organisms as revealed by an additional solvent-only control.
Fortyndingsvandet beluftes, indtil der er opnået iltmætning, og opbevares i ca. to dage uden yderligere beluftning inden brug.
The test design relates to the selection of the number and spacing of the test concentrations, the number of vessels at each concentration and the number of worms added per vessel.
HENVISNING
Designs for ECx estimation, for estimation of NOEC, and for conducting a limit test are described in paragraphs 35, 36, 37 and 38.
Kapitel C.1 i dette bilag, Akut toksicitet for fisk.
The effect concentration (e.g. EC50, EC25, EC10) and the concentration range, over which the effect of the test chemical is of interest, should be bracketed by the concentrations included in the test.
Fysisk-kemiske egenskaber for acceptabelt fortyndingsvand
Extrapolating much below the lowest concentration affecting the test organisms or above the highest tested concentration should be avoided.
(hentet fra OECD (1992) (1))
If — in exceptional cases — such an extrapolation is done, a full explanation must be given in the report.
KONCENTRATIONER
If the ECx is to be estimated, at least five concentrations and a minimum of three replicates for each concentration should be tested;
Partikler
six replicates are recommended for the control or — if used — the solvent control in order to improve the estimation of control variability.
Totalt organisk kulstof
In any case, it is advisable that sufficient test concentrations are used to allow a good model estimation.
Ikkeioniseret ammoniak
The factor between concentrations should not be greater than two (an exception can be made in cases when the concentration response curve has a shallow slope).
< 1 μg/l
The number of replicates at each treatment can be reduced if the number of test concentrations with responses in the range of 5 – 95 % are increased.
Residualt chlor
Increasing the number of replicates or reducing the size of the test concentration intervals tends to lead to narrower confidence intervals for the test.
< 10 μg/l
If the LOEC/NOEC values are to be estimated, at least five test concentrations with at least four replicates (six replicates are recommended for the control or — if used — the solvent control in order to improve the estimation of control variability) should be used, and the factor between concentrations should not be greater than two.
Organophosphorpesticider i alt
Some information on the statistical power found during hypothesis testing in the ring test of the test method is given in Appendix 6.
< 50 ng/1
A limit test may be performed (using one test concentration and controls) if no effects are expected up to 1000 mg/kg sediment d.w. (e.g. from a preliminary range-finding test), or if testing at a single concentration will be adequate to confirm a NOEC value of interest.
Total chlorerede organiske pesticider + polychlorbiphenyler
In the latter case, a detailed rationale for selection of limit concentration should be included in the test report.
Total organisk chlor
The purpose of the limit test is to perform a test at a concentration sufficiently high to enable decision makers to exclude possible toxic effects of the chemical, and the limit is set at a concentration which is not expected to appear in any situation.
< 25 ng/1
1000 mg/kg (dry weight) is recommended.
Anbefalet syntetisk sediment — vejledning i klargøring og opbevaring
Usually, at least six replicates for both the treatment and controls are necessary.
Sedimentbestanddele
Exposure conditions
Bestanddel
The test is conducted with at least 10 worms for each replicate used for determination of biological parameters.
Egenskaber
This number of worms corresponds to approximately 50 - 100 mg of wet biomass.
% sediment tørvægt
Assuming a dry content of 17,1 % (48), this results in approximately 9 - 17 mg of dry biomass per vessel.
Tørv
U.S.
Sphagnum — nedbrydningsgrad:
EPA (2000 (7)) recommends to use a loading rate not exceeding 1:
»middel« — uden synlige planterester og findelt (partikelstørrelse ≤ 0,5 mm) og lufttørret
50 (dry biomass: TOC).
Kvartssand
For the formulated sediment described in paragraph 22, this corresponds to approximately 43 g sediment (dry weight) per 10 worms at a TOC content of 2,0 % of dry sediment.
Kornstørrelse:
In cases where more than 10 worms are used per vessel, the amount of sediment and overlying water should be adjusted accordingly.
≤ 2 mm, men 50 % af partiklerne skal være 50-200 μm
The worms used in a test should all come from the same source, and should be animals of similar physiological state (see Appendix 5).
75-76
Worms of similar size should be selected (see paragraph 39).
Kaolinholdigt ler
It is recommended that a sub-sample of the batch or stock of worms is weighed before the test in order to estimate the mean weight.
Kaolinindhold ≥ 30 %
The worms to be used in a test are removed from the culture (see Appendix 5 for details).
Fødekilde
Large (adult) animals that do not show signs of recent fragmentation are transferred to glass dishes (e.g. petri dishes) containing clean water.
f.eks. urtica-pulver (Folia urticae), blade fra Urtica dioica (brændenælde), findelt (partikelstørrelse ≤ 0,5 mm);
They are subsequently synchronised as described in Appendix 5.
0,4-0,5 %
After regenerating for a period of 10 to 14 d, intact complete worms of similar size, which are actively swimming or crawling after a gentle mechanical stimulus, should be used for the test.
Organisk kulstof
If the test conditions differ from the culture conditions (e.g. in temperature, light regime, and overlying water), an acclimation phase of e.g. 24 h at temperature, light regime, and using the same overlying water as in the test should be sufficient to adapt the worms to the test conditions.
Justeres ved tilsætning af tørv og sand
The adapted oligochaetes should be allocated randomly to the test vessels.
Calciumcarbonat
Since food is added to the sediment prior to (or during) application of the test chemical, the worms are not fed additionally during the test.
CaCO3, pulveriseret, kemisk rent, ud over tørt sediment
Light and temperature
Deioniseret vand
The photoperiod in the culture and the test is usually 16 hours (3), (7).
Ledningsevne ≤ 10 μS/cm, ud over tørt sediment
Light intensity should be kept low (e.g. 100-500 lx) to imitate natural conditions at the sediment surface, and measured at least once during the exposure period.
30-50
The temperature should be 20 °C ± 2 °C throughout the test.
Forberedelse
On one given measuring date the difference of temperature between test vessels should not be higher than ± 1 °C.
FREMSTILLING
The test vessels should be placed in the test incubator or the test area in a randomised way, e.g. in order to minimise bias of reproduction due to vessel location.
Tørven lufttørres og males til fint pulver.
Aeration
En suspension af den krævede mængde tørvepulver i deioniseret vand fremstilles ved brug af et højtydende homogeniseringsapparat. pH-værdien af denne suspension justeres til 5,5 ± 0,5 med CaCO3.
The overlying water of the test vessels should be gently aerated (e.g. 2 - 4 bubbles per second) via a pasteur pipette positioned approx.
Suspensionen konditioneres i mindst to dage med forsigtig omrøring ved 20 °C ± 2 °C, for at stabilisere pH og opnå en stabil mikrobiel komponent. pH måles igen og skal være 6,0 ± 0,5.
2 cm above the sediment surface so as to minimise perturbation of the sediment.
Derefter blandes tørvesuspensionen med de andre bestanddele (sand og kaolinholdigt ler) og deioniseret vand for at få et homogent sediment med et vandindhold på 30–50 % af sedimentets tørvægt.
Care should be taken that the dissolved oxygen concentration does not fall below 30 % of air saturation value (ASV).
Den færdige blandings pH måles igen og justeres om nødvendigt til 6,5-7,5 med CaCO3.
Air supply should be controlled and — if necessary — adjusted at least once daily on workdays.
Hvis der forventes udvikling af ammoniak, kan det dog være hensigtsmæssigt at holde sedimentets pH under 7,0 (f.eks. 6,0-6,5).
Water quality measurements
Der udtages prøver af sedimentet for at bestemme tørvægten og det organiske kulstofindhold.
The following water quality parameters should be measured in the overlying water:
Hvis der forventes udvikling af ammoniak, kan det formulerede sediment konditioneres i syv dage under samme betingelser som i den efterfølgende test (f.eks. sediment/vand-forhold 1: 4, højde på sedimentlag som i testbeholderne), inden testkemikaliet tilsættes, dvs. at det overhældes med vand, som skal beluftes.
at least in one test vessel of each concentration level and one test vessel of the controls once per week and at the start and the end of the exposure period;
Ved udløbet af konditioneringsperioden, fjernes og kasseres det overliggende vand.
if possible, temperature in the surrounding medium (ambient air or water bath) may be recorded additionally e.g. at hourly intervals;
Derefter blandes det spikede kvartssand med sedimentet for hvert behandlingsniveau, sedimentet fordeles i replikattestbeholderne og overhældes med testvandet.
Dissolved oxygen content:
Derefter inkuberes beholderne under samme betingelser som i den efterfølgende test.
expressed as mg/l and % ASV (air saturation value);
Det er på dette tidspunkt, at ækvilibreringsperioden indledes.
Air supply:
Det overliggende vand beluftes.
should be controlled at least once daily on workdays and — if necessary — adjusted;
Det kan først blandes med tørvesuspensionen (se ovenfor).
Total water hardness:
For omfattende nedbrydning af fødekilden inden tilsætningen af testorganismerne — f.eks. ved en lang ækvilibreringsperiode — kan dog undgås ved at sørge for, at tidsrummet mellem tilsætningen af foder og begyndelsen af eksponeringsperioden er så kort som muligt.
at least in one replicate of the controls and one test vessel at the highest concentration at the start and the end of the exposure period;
For at sikre at foderet er spiket med testkemikaliet, blandes fødekilden senest med sedimentet på den dag, hvor testkemikaliet tilsættes til sedimentet.
expressed as mg/l CaCO3;
Opbevaring
Total ammonia content:
De tørre bestanddele i det syntetiske sediment lagres tørt og køligt eller ved stuetemperatur.
at least in one replicate of the controls and in one test vessel of each concentration level at the start of the exposure period, and subsequently 3 × per week;
Det klargjorte sediment, hvortil testkemikaliet er tilsat, bruges straks i testen.
expressed as mg/l NH4+ or NH3 or total ammonia-N.
Prøver af spiket sediment kan opbevares under de betingelser, der anbefales for det pågældende testkemikalie, indtil analyse.
If measurement of water quality parameters requires removal of significant water samples from the vessels, it may be advisable to set up separate vessels for water quality measurements so as not to alter the water-to-sediment volume ratio.
I samarbejde med R. Nagel og B. Karaoglan.
Biological observations
Dyrkningsmetoder for Lumbriculus variegatus
During the exposure, the test vessels should be observed in order to assess visually any behavioural differences in the worms (e.g. sediment avoidance, fecal pellets visible on the sediment surface) compared with the controls.
Lumbriculus variegatus (MÜLLER), Lumbriculidae, Oligochaeta forekommer i ferskvandssedimenter og anvendes i vid udstrækning i økotoksikologisk testning.
Observations should be recorded.
Den kan let dyrkes under laboratoriebetingelser.
At the end of the test, each replicate is examined (additional vessels designated for chemical analyses may be excluded from examination).
Dyrkningsmetoderne gennemgås nedenfor.
An appropriate method should be used to recover all worms from the test vessel.
Dyrkningsmetoder
Care should be taken that all worms are recovered uninjured.
Dyrkningsbetingelser for Lumbriculus variegatus er detaljeret beskrevet i Phipps et al.
One possible method is sieving the worms from the sediment.