natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I betragtning 80 i åbningsafgørelsen lod Kommissionen den nøjagtige definition af det relevante produktmarked stå åben og overvejede alle plausible alternative markedsafgrænsninger, herunder særligt det snævreste segment, hvor der foreligger data.
The project to be supported is situated in Győr, in the region of Western Transdanubia (Nyugat-Dunántúl), an area eligible for regional investment aid, as defined by the applicable Hungarian regional State aid map.
Da AHM vil producere biler samt karosseridele til biler, der tilhører A- og B-segmenter, og eftersom der teoretisk kan produceres til biler i A0 segmentet, mente Kommissionen, at disse individuelle segmenter, samt det samlede segment AO til B, alle skal betragtes som relevante plausible produktmarkeder i denne sag.
There is no indication that the VW Group in general, or AHM in particular, would be a firm in difficulty within the meaning of the Community guidelines on State aid for rescuing and restructuring firms in difficulty [43].
I sine bemærkninger til åbningsafgørelsen (som beskrevet i betragtning 44 til 46 i denne afgørelse) fastholdt Ungarn sin holdning, som allerede er afspejlet i åbningsafgørelsen, uden at tilføje nye bemærkninger eller oplysninger i den indledende undersøgelse.
Therefore, the aid beneficiary is eligible for regional aid in accordance with paragraph 9 of the RAG 2007-13.The project comprises an initial investment within the meaning of paragraph 34 of the RAG 2007-13.
Ungarn fastholdt især sit synspunkt om, at det relevante produktmarked skal defineres som en samlet segmentgruppe af køretøjer tilhørende segmenterne A0, A og B, og at det geografiske marked skal defineres, så det som minimum inkluderer det samlede marked for hele Europa, Nord- og Sydamerika og Kina (og ikke kun EØS-markedet).
Initial investment is defined in paragraph 34 of the RAG 2007-13 as an investment in material and immaterial assets relating to (i) the setting up of a new establishment, (ii) the extension of an existing establishment, (iii) diversification of the output into new additional products and (iv) a fundamental change in the overall production process of an existing establishment.
Hvad angår produktmarkedet, mener Kommissionen følgende: beslutningen om at foretage en tilbundsgående undersøgelse foregriber ikke resultatet af den afledte tilbundsgående forenelighedsvurdering.
The investment project concerns an investment in an existing establishment and involves elements of (1) fundamental change of the production process (replacement of the platform-based assembly technology by the MQB technology), combined with increased standardisation and vertical integration of the production process (fully integrated car manufacturing plant, instead of an assembly plant), (2) diversification of the output of the establishment (new A3 Sedan, body parts from the press shop), as well as (3) the extension of the assembly capacities.
Men før Kommissionen godkender støtten, skal den have vished for, at det positive bidrag afledt af støtteforanstaltningen kompenserer for i hvert fald de negative virkninger for samhandel og konkurrence.
In conformity with paragraph 40 of the RAG 2007-13, AHM is obliged to maintain the investment in the region for a minimum of five years after completion of the project.
For at afgøre, om en tilbundsgående undersøgelse af foreneligheden af en støtteforanstaltning skal gennemføres eller ej, skal afgrænsningen af produktmarkedet derfor være så snæver som mulig under hensyntagen til de særlige egenskaber for de biler, der skal produceres.
The beneficiary provides, in conformity with paragraph 39 of the RAG 2007-13, a financial contribution of at least 25 % of the eligible costs in a form which is free of any public support.
Brugen af den snævreste markedsafgrænsning på baggrund af individuelle segmenter i bilindustrien er velfunderet i lignende afgørelser, herunder endelige afgørelser [44].
The formal requirements in respect of the incentive effect, laid down in paragraph 38 of the RAG 2007-13, are respected.
Denne retspraksis bygger på konkurrencerelevante økonomiske overvejelser, idet den baseres på et synspunkt om, at konkurrenter på alle markedssegmenter, herunder det mindste mulige segment, fortjener beskyttelse fra aktører med markedsdominans.
The costs eligible for investment aid (see Table II above) are defined in line with the RAG 2007-13, and the rules on cumulation are respected.
Mere specifikt baseres denne tilgang på teorien om, at der er efterspørgselssubstitution mellem to produkter, hvis de anses for at være substituerbare af forbrugerne på grund af deres egenskaber, pris og anvendelsesformål.
Earlier investments fall outside the 3-year period defining a single investment project.
Kommissionen følger præcis denne logik, ved sin praksis med at undersøge markedsandele selv i det mindst mulige bilmarkedssegment hvor der er foreligger oplysninger: dvs. den mener, at substitution på baggrund af pris, egenskaber og anvendelsesformål er det stærkeste mellem produkter tilhørende samme kategori.
The planned total eligible expenditure in present value for the project is HUF 355550 million (EUR 1186 million) discounted to the date of notification.
I den forstand afspejler anvendelsen af det snævrest mulige markedssegment som et plausibelt marked logikken i punkt 28 i retningslinjerne for horisontale fusioner [45], hvori det hedder, at »produkter kan differentieres inden for et relevant marked, således at nogle produkter er indbyrdes mere substituerbare end andre.
According to the scaling down mechanism laid down in point 67 of the RAG 2007-13, this leads to a maximum allowable aid intensity of 11,24 % GGE (Gross Grant Equivalent) for the project.
Jo større substitutionsgrad mellem produkterne hos fusionerende virksomheder, jo mere sandsynligt er det, at fusionsparterne forhøjer priserne kraftigt. … Fusionsparternes incitament til at forhøje priserne vil sandsynligvis være mere begrænset, når konkurrenterne fremstiller nære substitutionsprodukter i forhold til fusionsparternes produkter, end når de udbyder mindre nære substitutionsprodukter …«.
Since the intensity of the proposed aid (HUF 39952 million; EUR 133,3 million in present value; 11,24 % aid intensity) does not exceed the maximum allowable aid intensity, the proposed aid intensity for the project complies with the RAG 2007-13.
Det er også derfor, at konventionelle biler traditionelt set er opdelt i segmenter, og hvorfor bilindustrien opdeler modellerne i de forskellige velkendte segmenter.
Hungary confirmed that no other aid than the notified aid will be granted to support the investment project.
Det er den overvejelse, der har drevet Kommissionens praksis i forbindelse med en afgrænsning af det relevante marked i sager fra bilindustrien også i forhold til de enkelte segmenter, og det er årsagen til, at Ungarn har fremlagt de relevante markedsrelaterede argumenter heri ligesom i andre tidligere tilfælde i forhold til segmenterne.
In view of these considerations, the Commission considers that the standard compatibility criteria of the RAG are met.
Ungarn har ikke fremført yderligere modargumenter.
APPLICATION OF THE TESTS LAID DOWN IN THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPH 68 OF THE RAG 2007-13
Desuden har Kommissionen ikke modtaget nogen oplysninger fra tredjemand i den formelle undersøgelsesprocedure, der kan give en bedre forståelse af markedssegmenteringen.
The Commission stated in recital 105 of the opening decision that if the comments received in reply to the opening of the formal investigation do not allow the Commission to conclude without any doubt that the thresholds laid down in the paragraph 68(a) and (b) tests are not exceeded, the Commission will carry out an in-depth assessment of the investment project on the basis of the IDAC.
Kommissionen fastholder derfor sin tilgang om at lade den præcise definition af det relevante produktmarked stå åben og anvende en tilgang af plausible alternativer markedsafgrænsninger, der definerer de individuelle bilsegmenter (herunder det snævreste segment, hvor der foreligger data).
The Commission has to assess whether the comments received allow this conclusion.
Kommissionen mener derfor fortsat, at de enkelte segmenter A0, A og B, samt det samlede segment A0 til B og A til B alle bør betragtes som relevante plausible produktmarkeder i denne sag [46].
PRODUCT CONCERNED
GEOGRAFISK MARKED
In paragraph 65 of its opening decision the Commission considered that for the purposes of paragraph 68 of the RAG 2007-13, the products concerned by the investment project are passenger cars belonging to the market segments A0, A, and B in accordance with the segmentation by POLK.
Med hensyn til det geografiske marked fastholder Kommissionen sin oprindelige vurdering i åbningsafgørelsen (se betragtning 87 i åbningsafgørelsen), at det relevante marked er EØS eller et større marked; Kommissionen kan ikke udelukke, at det geografiske marked er begrænset til EØS-markedet.
RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET
Kommissionen bemærker, at Ungarn fastholder de argumenter, der allerede blev fremsat i den indledende undersøgelse, men fremførte ikke yderligere elementer eller oplysninger i forbindelse med den formelle undersøgelse (jf. betragtning 47 i denne afgørelse).
In recital 80 of the opening decision the Commission left the precise definition of the relevant product market open and considered all plausible alternative market definitions, including in particular the narrowest segmentation for which data is available.
Kommissionen finder, at disse argumenter er utilstrækkelige til at diffundere bekymringen om, at det geografiske marked kan begrænses til EØS-markedet.
Since AHM will produce cars as well as body parts for cars belonging to A and B segments, and since it could produce, theoretically, for cars belonging to segment A0, the Commission considered that these individual segments, as well as the combined segment A0 to B and A to B should all be considered as relevant plausible product markets for this case.
Kommissionen mener især følgende:
In its comments to the opening decision (as described in recitals 44 to 46 of this decision), Hungary maintained its position already reflected in the opening decision, without adding any comments or information not yet presented in the preliminary examination phase.
Global konkurrence
In particular, Hungary maintained its view that the relevant product market should be defined as a combined segment group of the vehicles belonging to the A0, A, and B segments and that the geographic market should be defined as including at least the combined market of all Europe, North and South America, and China (and not only the EEA market).
Det faktum, at store bilproducenter er internationale og i global konkurrence er ikke et tilstrækkeligt bevis for, at de enkelte markeder er integreret og udgør et enkelt globalt marked (eller et samlet marked for hele Europa, Nord- og Sydamerika og Kina).
As to the product market, the Commission considers the following: the decision to carry out an in-depth assessment does not prejudge the outcome of the resulting in-depth compatibility assessment.
Det samme gælder argumentet om, at de ti største OEM'er har produktionssteder og distributionssystemer i hele verden.
However, before approving the aid, the Commission has to be satisfied that the positive contribution resulting from the aid measure will compensate in any event its negative effects on trade and competition.
Faktisk mener Kommissionen, at ustabile valutakurser kan nævnes som en faktor, der har fået OEM'er til at bygge produktionsanlæg tættere på regional efterspørgsel; og det samme gælder for politikken om effektiv beskyttelse (høj told på import af slutproducenter, lave satser på mellemprodukter, hvilket er et incitament for lokal produktion/samling).
Therefore, for the purpose of deciding on whether an in-depth assessment on the compatibility of an aid measure is to be carried out or not, the product market definition should be as narrow as possible, taking account of the specific characteristics of the cars to be manufactured.
Et tredje argument for eksistensen af globaliserede produktionsstruktur, trods ikke-integrerede markeder, er det faktum, at nogle stater kun tillader import, hvis der sideløbende skabes joint ventures for lokalproduktion.
The practice of using the narrowest market definition based on individual segments in the car industry is well founded in comparable decisions, including final decisions [44].
Den globale tilstedeværelse af store aktører som producenter er derfor ikke i sig selv et tegn på eksistensen af et marked, der er globalt (eller bredere end EØS).
This case practice is founded in competition relevant economic considerations as it is based on the view that competitors in all market segments, including the smallest possible segment, deserve protection from players with market dominance.
Ligeledes udgør forekomsten af distributionssystemer, som strækker sig over hele verden, ikke et bevis for, at markedet er globalt (eller bredere end EØS) ud fra en konkurrencemæssig synsvinkel.
More specifically, this approach is based on the theory that demand side substitutability between two products exists if they are considered to be substitutes by consumers in view of their characteristics, price and intended use.
Det faktum at AUDI AG/VW-koncernen har til hensigt at servicere verdensmarkedet for tre af de fire modeller og at servicere verdensmarkedet undtagen Kina med A3 Sedan modeller fra kun ét sted, er heller ikke tilstrækkeligt til at støtte en konklusion om, at det geografiske marked er større end EØS.
Through its practice of examining market shares also in the smallest possible car market segment for which information is available, the Commission follows exactly this logic: i.e. it considers that substitutability in view of price, characteristics and intended use is the strongest between products belonging to the same segment.
Handelsstrømme
In this sense, the application of the narrowest possible market segment as one plausible market reflects the logic of point 28 of the Horizontal Merger Guidelines [45] which states that ‘Products may be differentiated within a relevant market such that some products are closer substitutes than others.
Også argumentet om, at en høj grad af handelsstrømme eksporteres til andre regioner i verden, f.eks., at ca. 13 % af biler i A-segmentet og mere end 25 % af biler i B-segmentet fra produktionen i EØS, er ikke tilstrækkeligt til at bevise eksistensen af et globalt marked (eller her bredere end EØS).
The higher the degree of substitutability between the merging firms' products, the more likely it is that the merging firms will raise prices significantly. […] The merging firms' incentive to raise prices is more likely to be constrained when rival firms produce close substitutes to the products of the merging firms than when they offer less close substitutes (…)’
Kommissionen mener, at selv om handelsstrømme kan give et indblik i integrationsgraden af forskellige geografiske områder ved at se på betydningen af import og eksport i forhold til lokale produktions- og forbrugsniveauer, er eksistensen af handelsstrømme i sig selv ikke et tilstrækkeligt bevis for, at der findes et integreret geografisk marked.
This is also why conventional cars are traditionally divided into segments, and why the automotive industry assigns models to the various well known segments.
Faktisk kan der være forsendelser mellem EØS og andre regioner, men dette betyder ikke, at markederne er blevet integrerede i den forstand, at markedsforholdene (f.eks. priser) på ét marked påvirker markedsvilkårene på et andet.
This is the consideration that has driven the Commission's practice in defining the relevant market in automotive cases also in terms of the individual segments and this is the reason why Hungary presented the relevant market related arguments in this as well as in other cases in the past in terms of segments.
Dette gælder især dér, hvor de observerede forsendelser primært vedrører forsendelser fra producenterne selv, i modsætning til forsendelser fra uafhængige importører og eksportører der er involveret i prisarbitrage.
Hungary did not submit any additional arguments which would contradict this view.
Prisen kan være fuldstændig markedsspecifik (f.eks. høj på ét marked, lav på et andet), og ikke tilpasset vilkårene på et påstået integreret marked.
In addition, the Commission did not receive any information from third parties during the formal investigation that would allow a better understanding of the segmentation of the market.
En analyse af handelsstrømme behandler ikke de hovedspørgsmålet i markedsafgrænsning, nemlig om import eller eksport kan hindre en prisstigning på det lokale marked.
The Commission therefore maintains its approach to leave open the exact definition of the relevant product market and to apply an approach of plausible alternative market definitions, defining individual car segments (including the narrowest segmentation for which data are available).
Kommissionen bemærker, at Ungarn ikke fremsætte yderligere empirisk materiale, som kunne bevise eksistensen af korrelerede prisbevægelser eller reaktiviteten af nettoimport over for ændringer i de relative priser.
Thus, the Commission continues to consider that the individual segments of A0, A and B, as well as the combined segment A0 to B and A to B should all be considered as relevant plausible product markets for this case [46].
Handelshindringer
GEOGRAPHIC MARKET
Kommissionen erkender, at handelshindringernes betydning er aftagende over tid.
As to the geographic market the Commission maintains its initial assessment in the opening decision (see recital 87 of the opening decision) that the relevant market is the EEA or a larger market; the Commission cannot exclude that the geographic market is limited to the EEA market.
Kommissionen er dog alligevel overbevist om, at en af hovedfaktorerne for oversøisk produktion, og beslutningerne om flytning foretaget af EU's bilproducenter, er hindringer for markedsadgang på målmarkederne.
The Commission notes that Hungary maintains the arguments brought forward already in the preliminary examination, but did not submit further elements or information during the formal investigation (see recital 47 of this decision).
Høje toldmure hindrer stadig alvorligt adgangen for EU's eksportører, navnlig i Asien.
The Commission finds that these arguments are insufficient to diffuse the concern that the geographic market could be limited to the EEA market.
Ikke-toldmæssige barrierer, herunder byrdefuld og diskriminerende krav til certificering, yderligere undersøgelseskrav, forbrugsafgifter mv., har en stærk indflydelse på eksporten af europæiske køretøjer til markeder i Sydøstasien, Kina og Sydamerika.
In particular, the Commission considers the following:
Kommissionen medgiver, at USA er langt den vigtigste destination for EU's samlede eksport.
Global competition
Men EU og USA har stærkt divergerende indfaldsvinkler til regulering og overvågning af markedet.
The fact that large car producers are internationally active and in global competition is not a sufficient proof that the individual markets are integrated and constitute a single worldwide market (or a combined market of all Europe, North and South America, and China).
Disse lovgivningsmæssige forskelle er formentlig endnu i dag den væsentligste hindring for eksporten af biler fra EU til USA.
The same applies to the argument that the ten largest OEMs have manufacturing sites and distribution systems all over the world.
Kommissionen har endvidere noteret sig de argumenter, der blev fremført i forbindelse med faldende transportomkostninger.
In fact, the Commission considers that exchange rate instability could be named as one factor that has led OEMs to build production plants closer to regional demand; and the same may hold for policies of effective protection (high tariffs on imports of final producers, low tariffs on intermediate products, giving an incentive for local production/assembly).
Kommissionen er ikke helt overbevist i denne henseende.
A third argument for the existence of globalised production structures, despite not integrated markets, is the fact that certain states allow imports only if joint ventures for local production are created in parallel.
Den fremtidige udvikling med hensyn til faldende transportomkostninger kan ikke bekræftes tydeligt i den nuværende økonomiske situation, hvor brændstofpriserne er svingende.
The global presence of major players as manufacturers is therefore not by itself an indication of the existence of a global (or wider than the EEA) market.
Derfor kan de nævnte fremtidige fald i omkostningerne ikke tages for givet.
Similarly, the existence of distribution systems that extend across the world does not constitute proof that the market is global (or wider than the EEA) from a competition perspective.
Priskorrelationer
The fact that AUDI AG/VW Group intends to serve the world market for three of the four car models, and to serve the world market excluding China with the A3 Sedan models from only one site, is also not sufficient to support a conclusion that the geographic market is wider than the EEA.
De ungarske myndigheder har endvidere leveret en korrelationsanalyse af bilpriserne i USA og en gennemsnitlig bilpris i en stikprøve fra 10 europæiske lande for A og B-segmenter i perioden 2005 Q1 og 2010 Q2 samt en analyse af korrelationer mellem 3 europæiske landepar, nemlig Tyskland og Frankrig, Tyskland og Italien og Tyskland og Det Forenede Kongerige i samme periode.
Trade flows
Denne analyse skal vise, at sammenhængen mellem priserne i Nordamerika og gennemsnitsprisen for de ti udvalgte EØS-lande kan sammenlignes med forholdet mellem bilpriser i Tyskland, Frankrig, Italien og Det Forenede Kongerige.
Also the argument that a high level of trade flows, e.g. the fact that about 13 % of A segment cars and more than 25 % of B segment cars of the EEA production are exported to other regions of the world, is insufficient to prove the existence of a global (or here wider than the EEA) market.
De konkluderer, at analysen støtter konklusionen om, at Nordamerika og EØS skal betragtes som et enkelt geografisk marked.
The Commission considers that, whereas trade flows can give insight into the degree of integration of different geographic areas by looking at the importance of imports and exports relative to local production and consumption levels, the existence of trade flows itself is not a sufficient proof to consider that an integrated geographic market exists.
Da det er ubestridt, at disse lande befinder sig på samme geografiske marked, betyder det dermed, at også Nordamerika og EØS skal være på samme geografiske marked.
In fact, there may be shipments between the EEA and other regions, but that does not mean that markets are integrated in the sense that market conditions (e.g. prices) in one market influence market conditions in the other.
Ovenstående korrelationsanalyse er blevet udført på grundlag af et kædevægtet Fisher-indeks.
This holds in particular where the observed shipments relate primarily to shipments by the manufacturers themselves, as opposed to shipments by independent importers and exporters engaging in price arbitrage.
Det kædevægtede Fisher-indeks har, som generelle prisindeks, til formål at evaluere prisudviklingen på en bestemt slags varer i en given region for et givet interval.
Pricing may be entirely market specific (e.g. high in one market, low in another), and not aligned to the conditions to an alleged integrated market.
Gennemsnitsprisen er således under hensyntagen til det relative forbrug af varegruppen, og er nedbragt over for én referenceperiode [48].
The Commission notes that Hungary did not submit further empirical material that would prove the existence of correlated price movements, or the reactivity of net imports to changes in relative prices.
Der er flere måder at beregne et indeks og i den økonomiske litteratur er der konstrueret adskillige indeks.
Trade barriers
Fisher-indekset er et afledt indeks, fordi det er det (geometriske) gennemsnit af to andre indeks kaldet indeks af Paasche-typen og Laspeyres-typen.
The Commission acknowledges that the importance of trade barriers is diminishing over time.