natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, »Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025«, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, september 2009, s. 56.
Compatibility assessment pursuant to 2005 Aviation Guidelines
er omfattet af tavshedspligt.
Given that the compatibility conditions for start-up aid enshrined in point 79 of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines are cumulative, the Commission considers that it is only necessary to demonstrate that one of those conditions is not fulfilled in order to find that the aid to the airlines is not compatible.
Kommissionens beslutning 2005/842/EF af 28. november 2005 om anvendelse af bestemmelserne i EF-traktatens artikel 86, stk. 2, på statsstøtte i form af kompensation for offentlig tjeneste ydet til visse virksomheder, der har fået overdraget at udføre tjenesteydelser af almindelig økonomisk interesse (EUT L 312 af 29.11.2005, s. 67).
The Commission starts its analysis with the condition set out in point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines.
Kommissionens afgørelse 2012/21/EU af 20. december 2011 om anvendelse af bestemmelserne i artikel 106, stk. 2, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde på statsstøtte i form af kompensation for offentlig tjeneste ydet til visse virksomheder, der har fået overdraget at udføre tjenesteydelser af almindelig økonomisk interesse (EUT L 7 af 11.1.2012, s. 3).
Point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines requires, inter alia, that the amount of aid granted in any one year does not exceed 50 % of total eligible costs for that year and total aid does not exceed an average of 30 % of eligible costs.
Kommissionens meddelelse om Den Europæiske Unions rammebestemmelser for statsstøtte i form af kompensation for offentlig tjeneste (2011) (EUT C 8 af 11.1.2012, s. 15).
Eligible costs are defined as the ‘additional start-up costs incurred in launching the new route or frequency … which the air operator will not have to bear once it is up and running’ [112].
Meddelelse fra Kommissionen om revision af metoden for fastsættelse af referencesatsen og kalkulationsrenten (12.12.2007) (EUT C 14 af 19.1.2008, s. 6).
In the opening decision the Commission observed that the agreements with Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair did not provide for any connection between the aid granted and the eligible costs.
Kommissionens meddelelse om anvendelsen af EF-traktatens artikel 87 og 88 på statsstøtte i form af garantier (EUT C 155 af 20.6.2008, s. 10).
Germany was therefore asked to provide details on the relationship between the aid and the eligible costs.
Indgivet som bilag 8 til Tysklands bemærkninger af 27. januar 2011.
Neither Germany nor the third parties commenting on the opening decision provided any such information.
Aftale om lufthavnstjenester mellem Ryanair og FZG af 22. september 2008, afsnit 3.
In this light, and considering that the agreements with the airlines in question make no reference to the costs of the airlines, let alone the eligible costs, the Commission finds that the compatibility condition enshrined in point 79(d) of the 2005 Aviation Guidelines is not fulfilled.
Oxera, »How should AMS agreements be treated within the profitability analysis as part of the market economy operator test?« udarbejdet for Ryanair den 17. januar 2014.
In conclusion, the aid to the airlines cannot be found to constitute compatible start-up aid, as at least one of the compatibility conditions is not fulfilled.
Oxera, »How should AMS agreements be treated within the profitability analysis as part of the market economy operator test? — Practical application« udarbejdet for Ryanair, 31. januar 2014.
The State aid granted to Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair therefore constitutes unlawful and incompatible State aid that has to be recovered.
Se også sag T-128/89, Aéroports de Paris mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2000 II, s. 3929, bekræftet af sag C-82/01 P, Aéroports de Paris mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2002 I, s. 9297, og sag T-196/04, Ryanair mod Kommissionen (»Charleroi-dommen«), Sml. 2008 II, s. 3643.
RECOVERY
Sag C-159/91 og C-160/91, Poucet mod AGV og Pistre mod Cancave, Sml. 1993 I, s. 637.
In accordance with the Treaty and the Court of Justice's established case-law, the Commission is competent to decide that the Member State concerned must abolish or alter aid [113] when it has found that it is incompatible with the internal market.
Dom Leipzig-Halle, præmis 42-43.
The Court has also consistently held that the obligation on a State to abolish aid regarded by the Commission as being incompatible with the internal market is designed to re-establish the previously existing situation [114].
Sag C-170/83, Hydrotherm, Sml. 1984 I, s. 2999, præmis 11.
In this context, the Court has stated that that objective is attained once the recipient has repaid the amounts granted by way of unlawful aid, thus forfeiting the advantage which it had enjoyed over its competitors on the market, and the situation prior to the payment of the aid is restored [115].
Se også sag T-137/02, Pollmeier Malchow mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2004 II, s. 3541, præmis 50.
Following that case-law, Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999 [116] laid down that ‘where negative decisions are taken in respect of unlawful aid, the Commission shall decide that the Member State concerned shall take all necessary measures to recover the aid from the beneficiary’.
Fælles udøvelse af en økonomisk aktivitet vurderes sædvanligvis ved, at man ser på, om der er funktionelle, økonomiske og organisatoriske forbindelser mellem enhederne.
Therefore, the State aid mentioned above (see recitals 282, 297, 318, 320, 395 and 405, taking into account recitals 198 to 200) must be reimbursed to Germany, insofar as it has been paid out.
Leipzig/Halle-dommen, præmis 95.
Table 9 indicates the approximate recovery amounts.
Se i denne retning også sag C-205/03 P, FENIN mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2006 I, s. 6295, præmis 26.
Table 9
Se referat af møde i FGAZ' tilsynsråd, den 2. oktober 2006, som viser, at lufthavnen modtager betaling for leveringen af tjenester til militære brugere.
Information about the approximate amounts of aid received, to be recovered and already recovered
Sag C-364/92, SAT Fluggesellschaft mod Eurocontrol, Sml. 1994 I, s. 43.
Identity of the beneficiary
Sag 118/85, Kommissionen mod Italien, Sml. 1987, s. 2599, præmis 7 og 8, og sag C-30/87, Bodson mod Pompes funèbres des régions libérées, Sml. 1988 I, s. 2479, præmis 18.
Total approximate amount of aid received (in EUR)
Sag C-343/95, Cali & Figli mod Servizi ecologici porto di Genova, Sml. 1997 I, s. 1547, Kommissionens beslutning N309/02 af 19. marts 2003 og Kommissionens beslutning N438/02 af 16. oktober 2002, subsidier til havnemyndighederne for udøvelse af beføjelser som offentlig myndighed (EFT C 284 af 21.11.2002).
Total approximate amount of aid to be recovered [117] (in EUR)
Kommissionens beslutning N309/02 af 19. marts 2003.
(Principal)
Se navnlig sag C-364/92, SAT/Eurocontrol, Sml. 1994 I, s. 43, præmis 30, og sag C-113/07 P, Selex Sistemi Integrati mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2009 I, s. 2207, præmis 71.
Total amount already reimbursed (in EUR)
Se bl.a. sag C-172/03, Wolfgang Heiser mod Finanzamt Innsbruck, Sml. 2005 I, s. 1627, præmis 36, og den nævnte retspraksis.
Principal
Kommissionens afgørelse af 20. februar 2014 i sag om statsstøtte SA.35847 (2012/N) — Den Tjekkiske Republik — Ostrava lufthavn, endnu ikke offentliggjort i EUT, betragtning 16.
Recovery interest [118]
Zweibrücken er ikke opført i »Military Aeronautical Information Publication Germany« (MIL AIP Germany), som er en liste over alle militære lufthavne i Tyskland.
Direct Investment Grants
Sag C-482/99, Frankrig mod Kommissionen (»Stardust Marine«), Sml. 2002 I, s. 4397.
Capital Injections
Forenede sager T-267/08 og T-279/08, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Sml. 2011, ECLI:EU:T:2011:209, præmis 108.
100 % Guarantee
Sag C-39/94, Syndicat français de l'Express international (SFEI) m.fl. mod La Poste m. fl., Sml. 1996 I, s. 3547, præmis 60, og sag C-342/96, Kongeriget Spanien mod Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber, Sml. 1999 I, s. 2459, præmis 41.
Cash-Pool Participation
Sag 173/73, Den Italienske Republik mod Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber, Sml. 1974, s. 709, præmis 13.
To take account of the actual advantage received by the airline and its subsidiaries under the agreements, the amounts indicated in Table 9 may be adjusted, according to the supporting evidence provided by Germany, based on (i) the difference between, on the one hand, actual payments as presented ex post, that were made by the airline with regard to the airport charges (including the landing fee, the passenger fee and ground handling services under the airport services agreement), and on the other hand the forecasted cash flows (ex ante) on these items of income and shown in Table 8, and (ii) the difference between, on the one hand, the actual marketing payments as presented ex post which were paid to the airline or its subsidiaries under marketing services agreements and, other the other hand, the marketing costs as foreseen ex ante, corresponding to the amounts indicated in Table 8,
Sag C-482/99, Frankrig mod Kommissionen (Stardust Marine), Sml. 2002 I, s. 4397, præmis 69.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Sag 40/85, Belgien mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1986 I, s. 2321.
Article 1
Stardust Marine-dommen, præmis 71.
The State aid, unlawfully put into effect by Germany in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty in favour of Flugplatz GmbH Aeroville Zweibrücken (‘FGAZ’)/Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH (‘FZG’) between 2000 and 2009 by means of direct investment grants, annual capital injections, the grant of a 100 % guarantee on a bank loan free of charge, and allowing FGAZ to participate in Land Rhineland-Pfalz's cash-pool, is incompatible with the internal market.
Sag C-124/10 P, Europa-Kommissionen mod Électricité de France (EDF), Sml. 2012, ECLI:EU:C:2012:318, præmis 85.
The State aid, unlawfully put into effect by Germany in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty in favour of Germanwings, TUIFly and Ryanair/AMS by means of the airport services agreements and marketing services agreements concluded on 15 September 2006 (Germanwings), 1 April 2008 (TUIFly), and 22 September 2008/6 October 2008 (Ryanair/Airport Marketing Services (‘AMS’)) is incompatible with the internal market.
Se fodnote 22.
Article 2
Sag T-214/95, Het Vlaamse Gewest mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1998 II, s. 717.
The loan granted to FZG by Sparkasse Südwestpfalz does not constitute State aid.
Mai 2003, Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Weinbau, 15. maj 2003.
The airport services agreement concluded by FZG with Germanwings on 30 June 2008 does not constitute State aid.
Einschätzung der rheinland-pfälzischen Innenministeriums, 15. maj 2003.
Article 3
Sag T-109/01, Fleuren Compost mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2004 II, s. 127.
Germany shall recover the incompatible aid referred to in Article 1 from the beneficiaries.
EFT C 119 af 22.5.2002, s. 22.
FGAZ and FZG shall be jointly liable to repay the State aid received by either of them.
Punkt 173 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
Ryanair and AMS shall be jointly liable to repay the State aid received by either of them.
Punkt 172 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
The sums to be recovered are as follows:
Kommissionens afgørelse af 1. oktober 2014 i statsstøttesag SA.26190 — Tyskland — Saarbrücken lufthavn, endnu ikke offentliggjort i EUT.
in respect of the annual capital injections granted by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate and the ZEF in favour of FGAZ:
Kommissionen bemærker, at TUIFly oplyste, at dets beslutning om at forlade Saarbrücken og flytte til Zweibrücken blev truffet af sikkerhedshensyn vedrørende Saarbrückens start- og landingsbane.
EUR 26629000 granted between 2000 and 2009, minus the costs of fire brigade services and the costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) Luftsicherheitsgesetz to the extent that they were covered by the annual capital injections, and minus those sums granted before 12 December 2000;
Tyskland har på den anden side inden for rammerne af den formelle undersøgelsesprocedure i sag SA.26190 tilkendegivet, at luftfartsselskabernes beslutninger om at forlade Saarbrücken aldrig var begrundet med henvisninger til Saarbrückens infrastruktur.
in respect of the 100 % guarantee on the loan granted by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate in favour of FZG:
Leipzig/Halle lufthavn konkurrerede f.eks. med Vatry lufthavn (Frankrig) om etableringen af det europæiske DHL-center.
in respect of the participation of FGAZ in the cash-pool of Land Rhineland-Palatinate:
Se Leipzig/Halle-dommen, præmis 93.
the cash-equivalent of the advantageous loan conditions, to be determined pursuant to the Communication from the Commission on the revision of the method for setting the reference and discount rates of 12 December 2007, minus any advantage received on loans that were used to cover the costs of fire brigade services and the costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) Luftsicherheitsgesetz;
Svar fra Liege lufthavn i offentlig høring vedrørende retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
in respect of the airport services agreement concluded between Germanwings and FZG on 15 September 2006:
EUT C 297 af 29.11.2005.
in respect of the airport services agreement and marketing services agreements concluded between Ryanair and FZG on 22 September 2008 and between AMS and the Land Rhineland-Palatinate on 6 October 2008:
Retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2005, punkt 66.
the amount of incompatible aid.
Se også artikel 4 i beslutningen om tjenesteydelser af almindelig økonomisk interesse fra 2005.
The sums to be recovered shall bear interest from the date on which they were put at the disposal of the beneficiaries until their actual recovery.
Punkt 137 og 116 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
the total amount of aid received by the beneficiaries, and in particular:
Punkt 137 og 124 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
the amount of direct investment grants, capital injections, and the cash-equivalent of advantageous loans that covered the costs of fire brigade services and costs for which the airport operator is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to §8(3) LuftSiG;
Punkt 137 og 125 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
information on the creditworthiness of FGAZ/FZG when the 100 % guarantee was issued and when each loan from the cash-pool was provided, with a view to enabling the Commission to determine the cash-equivalent of the guarantee and the advantageous conditions of the cash-pool loans in line with the Commission Notice on the application of Article 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of guarantees and Communication from the Commission on the revision of the method for setting the reference and discount rates of 12 December 2007, respectively;
Punkt 137 og 131 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
the total amount (principal and recovery interests) to be recovered from each beneficiary;
Forenede sager T-267/08 og T-279/08, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Sml. 2011, ECLI:EU:T:2011:209, præmis 108.
a detailed description of the measures already taken and planned to comply with this Decision;
Kommissionens direktiv 2006/111/EF af 16. november 2006 om gennemskueligheden af de økonomiske forbindelser mellem medlemsstaterne og de offentlige virksomheder og om den finansielle gennemskuelighed i bestemte virksomheder (EUT L 318 af 17.11.2006, s. 17).
documents demonstrating that the beneficiaries have been ordered to repay the aid.
Under mødet tilbød Ryanair at opretholde ruten mellem London og Zweibrücken om vinteren »for EUR […]«, og oplyste, at det var villigt til at åbne to nye ruter (Barcelona og Alicante) fra Zweibrücken »for […] EUR«.
This Decision is addressed to the Federal Republic of Germany.
Sag T-196/04, Ryanair mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2008 II, s. 3643, præmis 59.
Done at Brussels, 1 October 2014.
Se Kommissionens afgørelse 2011/60/EU af 27. januar 2010 om statsstøtte C-12/08 (tidligere NN 74/07) — Slovakisk — Aftale mellem Bratislava lufthavn og Ryanair (EUT L 27 af 1.2.2011, s. 24).
For the Commission
Se http://corporate.ryanair.com/investors/biographies/, 23. juni 2014.
Vice-President
Belægningsgraden (eller belægningsfaktoren) defineres som andelen af besatte sæder på de fly, der benyttes på den pågældende flyrute.
With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 87, and 88 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 107 and 108, respectively, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter: ‘TFEU’).
Se punkt 53 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
The two sets of Articles are in substance identical.
Se punkt 59 og 61 i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014.
For the purposes of this Decision references to Articles 107 and 108 TFEU should be understood as references to Articles 87 and 88 of the EC Treaty when appropriate.
Se fodnote 94.
The TFEU also introduced certain changes in terminology, such as the replacement of ‘Community’ by ‘Union’ and ‘common market’ by ‘internal market’.
Generaladvokat Mengozzis forslag til afgørelse, sag C-284/12, Lufthansa mod Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn, Sml. 2013, endnu ikke offentliggjort, punkt 50.
The terminology of the TFEU will be used throughout this Decision.
Ibid. (interne fodnoter udeladt).
OJ C 216, 21.7.2012, p. 56.
Se også ibid., punkt 51-52.
Written question E-6470/08 of 2 December 2008 by Hiltrud Breyer (Verts/ALE) to the Commission regarding subsidisation of Zweibrücken airport by the Land Rhineland-Palatinate.
Sag 730/79, Philip Morris Holland BV mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1980, s. 267, præmis 11, og forenede sager T-298/97, T-312/97, T-313/97, T-315/97, T-600/97 til 607/97, T-1/98, T-3/98 til T-6/98 og T-23/98, Alzetta Mauro m.fl. mod Kommissionen, Sml. 2000 II, s. 2325, præmis 80.
Communication from the Commission — Guidelines on State aid to airports and airlines (OJ C 99, 4.4.2014, p. 3).
Sag 730/79, Philip Morris Holland BV mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1980, s. 2671, præmis 11 og 12, og sag T-214/95 Het Vlaamse Gewest (Flemish Region) mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1998 II, s. 717, præmis 48-50.
Application of Article 92 and 93 of the EC Treaty and Article 61 of the EEA Agreement to State aids in the Aviation Sector (OJ C 350, 10.12.1994, p. 5).
Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 2407/92 af 23. juli 1992 om udstedelse af licenser til luftfartsselskaber (EFT L 240 af 24.8.1992, s. 1), Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 2408/92 af 23. juli 1992 om EF-luftfartsselskabers adgang til luftruter inden for Fællesskabet(EFT L 240 af 24.8.1992, s. 8) og Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 2409/92 af 23. juli 1992 om billetpriser og rater inden for luftfart (EFT L 240 af 24.8.1992, s. 15).
Community guidelines on financing of airports and start-up aid to airlines departing from regional airports (OJ C 312, 9.12.2005, p. 1).
Sag C-305/89, Italien mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1991 I, s. 1603, præmis 26.
OJ C 113, 15.4.2014, p. 30.
Se navnlig sag C-364/90, Italien mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1993 I, s. 2097, præmis 20.
Regulation No 1 of 15 April 1958 determining the languages to be used by the European Economic Community (OJ 17, 6.10.1958, p. 385/58).
Sag C-70/72, Kommissionen mod Tyskland, Sml. 1973, s. 813, præmis 13.
Union financing reached EUR 9 million.
Forenede sager C-278/92, C-279/92 og C-280/92, Kongeriget Spanien mod Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber, Sml. 1994 I, s. 4103, præmis 75.
http://www.flughafen-zweibruecken.de/de/wir-ueber-uns-de/daten-und-fakten-de.
Sag C-75/97, Belgien mod Kommissionen, Sml. 1999 I, s. 3671, præmis 64-65.
All distances in road kilometres, based on the fastest route.
Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 659/1999 af 22. marts 1999 om fastlæggelse af regler for anvendelsen af artikel 108 i traktaten om den Europæiske unions funktionsmåde (EFT L 83 af 27.3.1999, s. 1).
Source:
De beløb, der skal tilbagebetales af FGAZ/FZG, skal beregnes ved hjælp af den formel, der er anført i artikel 3, og kan ikke anføres omtrentligt i denne fase.
maps.google.com, accessed 25 June 2014.
Eftersom støtten løbende er stillet til rådighed for luftfartsselskaberne i den omhandlede periode, kan den dato, hvorfra tilbagebetalingsrente skal betales, fastsættes til den sidste dato i den periode, for hvilken støttebeløbet er beregnet (f.eks. den 31. december, hvis denne periode er et kalenderår, eller den 31. oktober, hvis denne periode begynder den 1. januar og slutter den 31. oktober).
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, ‘Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025’, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, September 2009, p. 56.
Ved at vælge den sidste dag i den omhandlede periode benytter Kommissionen i denne henseende den tilgang, der er mest gunstig for støttemodtagerne.
covered by the obligation of professional secrecy
Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 794/2004 af 21. april 2004 om gennemførelse af Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 659/1999 om fastlæggelse af regler for anvendelsen af EF-traktatens artikel 93 (EUT L 140 af 30.4.2004, s. 1).
Joined Cases T-443/08 and T-455/08 Mitteldeutsche Flughafen AG and Flughafen Leipzig Halle GmbH v Commission (hereinafter: ‘Leipzig/Halle judgment’) [2011] ECR II-1311, in particular paragraphs 93-94;
Den parlamentariske forespørgsel blev besvaret af kommissær Antonio Tajani den 6. januar 2009.
confirmed by case C-288/11 P Mitteldeutsche Flughafen and Flughafen Leipzig-Halle v Commission [2012] ECLI:EU:C:2012:821.
Ydermere blev der registreret en klage med sagsnummer CP 5/2009.
Commission Decision 2005/842/EC of 28 November 2005 on the application of Article 86(2) of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest (OJ L 312, 29.11.2005, p. 67).
Kommissionen anmodede også luftfartsselskabet Ryanair om yderligere oplysninger den 8. april 2008.
Commission Decision 2012/21/EU of 20 December 2011 on the application of Article 106(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest (OJ L 7, 11.1.2012, p. 3).
Disse oplysninger blev fremsendt den 15. juli 2011.
Commission Communication on a European Union framework for State aid in the form of public service compensation (2011) (OJ C 8, 11.1.2012, p. 15).
En tysk oversættelse af oplysninger blev videresendt til Tyskland den 18. august 2011, og Tyskland erklærede den 26. september 2011, at det ikke havde til hensigt at kommentere Ryanairs oplysninger på daværende tidspunkt.
Communication from the Commission: Community Guidelines on State aid for Rescuing and Restructuring Firms in Difficulty (2004) (OJ C 244, 1.10.2004, p. 2).
Retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014 blev offentliggjort i Den Europæiske Unions Tidende den 4. april 2014.
Submitted as Annex 8 to Germany's submission of 27 January 2011.
De erstattede luftfartsretningslinjerne fra 1994 [6] og luftfartsretningslinjerne fra 2005 [7].
Prof. Dr Heuer und Prof. Dr Klophaus, unter Mitarbeit von Dr Berster and Wilken, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft — und Raumfahrt, Januar 2006, ‘Regionalökonomische Bedeutung und Perspektiven des Flugplatzes Zweibrücken’, S. 146;
Kommerciel luftfart med rute- og charterflyvninger blev indledt med Germanwings' første flyvning til Berlin den 15. september 2006.
Desel Consulting und Airport Research Center GmbH, ‘Fluggast- und Flugbewegungsprognose für den Flughafen Zweibrücken bis zum Jahr 2025’, Gutachten im Auftrag der Flughafen Zweibrücken GmbH, September 2009, p. 85.
Charterselskabet TUIFly indledte sine aktiviteter den 30. marts 2007.
Airport Services Agreement between Ryanair and FZG of 22 September 2008, Section 3.
Ryanair drev sin eneste rute fra Zweibrücken (til London-Stansted) fra den 28. oktober 2008 til den 22. september 2009 og indstillede derefter sine aktiviteter i Zweibrücken lufthavn.
Oxera, ‘How should AMS agreements be treated within the profitability analysis as part of the market economy operator test?’ prepared for Ryanair, on 17 January 2014.