natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hvad endelig angår spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt byttetransaktionerne fordrejer konkurrencen og påvirker samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne, svarede langt de fleste støttemodtagere [63], at de ikke var beskæftiget inden for byggeriet eller turistbranchen og/eller ikke havde søgt licens som rejsearrangør.
Third, several beneficiaries [54] point to the absence of fully private swaps or sale transactions in the areas where the swaps of those beneficiaries took place as a reason why administrative prices should be considered to approximate market prices.
Desuden bekræftede de, at de hverken havde udnyttet det ved byttetransaktionen erhvervede areal til tømmerproduktion efter erhvervelsen eller havde solgt tømmer i Bulgarien eller i andre medlemsstater.
Finally, several beneficiaries [55] argue that since the Minister of Agriculture and Food, in the exercise of his discretionary power, is entitled to refuse to carry out the swap if the State has no interest in acquiring the private forest land and the conditions of the swap agreement have to be approved by both parties (public and private), the swap transactions should be considered as commercial transactions in which context the State behaves as a market economy operator (‘MEO’).
Derfor hævder de, at der ikke kan siges at være sket en faktisk eller potentiel påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne.
As regards the potential amount of State aid involved in the transactions (i.e. the difference between the administrative and market prices for the forest land), the majority of beneficiaries [56] replied that where the privately held land is more valuable than the publicly owned land, the Bulgarian authorities did not cover the difference in prices.
En anden støttemodtager [64] tilføjede, at byttetransaktionerne ikke fører til en stigning i den hjemlige produktion og dermed en begrænsning af de muligheder, der er, for at virksomheder fra andre medlemsstater kan eksportere til det bulgarske marked.
Another beneficiary [57] claimed that the difference in the market prices of swapped private and public forests situated in the same or adjacent areas favours the government as the administrative prices are higher than the market prices freely negotiated between private forest owners in the areas concerned.
Andre støttemodtagere [65] hævdede, at eftersom byttetransaktionerne ikke indebærer overførsel af statslige midler og ikke giver en økonomisk fordel, kan de ikke anses for at påvirke markedets balance og de økonomiske betingelser, som virksomhederne drives på, hvilket betyder, at det er nødvendigt med startinvestering for at erhverve materielle aktiver.
As regards the other conditions for a finding of State aid, several beneficiaries [58] contested that they had been met.
Således kan virksomheder fra andre medlemsstater trænge ind på og drive virksomhed på det samme marked på rimelige vilkår, hvorfor samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne ikke kan siges at være blevet påvirket af de anfægtede byttetransaktioner.
Thus, certain beneficiaries [59] argue that they are natural persons, to which the Bulgarian State Aid Act and Article 107 of the Treaty do not apply.
Endelig forklarede en enkelt støttemodtager [66], at det skovareal, vedkommende erhvervede fra staten, ikke er egnet til skovrejsning.
In relation to State resources, those beneficiaries note that the government acquired the land through unlawful expropriation without adequate compensation so that the State cannot be considered to dispose of those resources.
Han mener endvidere, at hans ejendom er bedre end den, han modtog fra staten, og at transaktionen ikke indebærer statsstøtte.
In relation to selectivity, those beneficiaries argue that the Forest Act applies erga omnes and thus does not discriminate.
Endelig nævnte han, at den erhvervede jord bruges til mobil biavl, ved at arealet udlægges til eng om sommeren.
Another beneficiary [60] also considers that the conditions of Article 107 of the Treaty have not been fulfilled as regards the swap transactions, but for slightly different reasons.
Den potentielle statsstøttes forenelighed
First, there would be no transfer of State resources since the swap is a ‘double sale transaction’ that was undertaken after a valuation was conducted by an independent property assessor on the basis of the objective criteria for price calculation stipulated by law.
Selv om Kommissionen anmodede de interesserede parter om at indsende dokumentation, der kunne sætte den i stand til at undersøge foreneligheden med det indre marked af de anfægtede byttetransaktioner, imødekom ingen af støttemodtagerne denne anmodning.
No advantage has been granted, nor have the counter-parties to the swap been placed in a more favourable position than that of its competitors since every forest land owner could have requested a swap of its private land for publicly owned forest land.
BEMÆRKNINGER FRA REPUBLIKKEN BULGARIEN
A similar argument is made by another beneficiary [61] which considers the swaps scheme to be a general measure available to all forest land owners.
BULGARIENS BEMÆRKNINGER TIL INDLEDNINGSAFGØRELSEN
In relation to the existence of an economic advantage, the majority of beneficiaries [62] contested that they received such an advantage from the transactions since, according to them, the administrative price for the swapped land was equivalent to or higher than its market price.
De bulgarske myndigheder hævder, at de anfægtede byttetransaktioner ikke udgør statsstøtte efter traktatens artikel 107, stk. 1.
Finally, as regards the question of whether the swap transactions distort competition and affect trade between Member States, the large majority of beneficiaries [63] answered that they do not operate in the real estate development or tourism sectors and/or have not taken any steps to obtain a licence as a tour operator.
Angående den påståede iboende forbindelse mellem byttetransaktionerne og ændringen af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden bemærkede de bulgarske myndigheder, at skovlovens artikel 15 b) hjemler mulighed for at ansøge om en ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af jord i skove uanset måden, hvorpå jorden blev erhvervet, det være sig bytte, almindelig handel eller andet.
Furthermore, they confirmed to neither have used the land acquired through the swap for timber production following its acquisition, nor to have sold any timber in Bulgaria or in other Member States.
Men en sådan teoretisk mulighed bør ikke forstås som en fast forhåndsaftale mellem myndighederne og den private part i byttetransaktionen om efterfølgende at ændre den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden.
Therefore, they claim that no actual or potential impact on intra-Community trade may be alleged.
De bulgarske myndigheder fremsendte dokumentation for, at der blandt de 132 byttetransaktioner, der fandt sted i perioden 2007-2009, skete anmodning om ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af den byttede skovlod i 24 tilfælde, og heraf blev ansøgningen kun imødekommet i 15 tilfælde (dvs. 11,4 % af alle byttetransaktioner).
Another beneficiary [64] added that the swaps do not lead to a boost in domestic output thereby limiting the possibilities available to undertakings from other Member States to import products into the local market.
De bulgarske myndigheder anfører også de forskellige formål med byttetransaktionerne og ændringen af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden.
Other beneficiaries [65] claimed that since the swaps do not entail a transfer of State resources and do not confer an economic advantage upon them, they cannot be considered to affect the market balance and economic conditions in which enterprises operate, i.e. initial investment for the acquisition of tangible assets is required.
Mens formålet med byttetransaktionerne er at konsolidere og bevare de bulgarske skove og dermed sikre bæredygtig udvikling og reproduktion til gavn for samfundet som helhed, er ændringen af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden beregnet til at opfylde de målsætninger, der er fastlagt i loven om fysisk planlægning, som regulerer indlemmelsen af jord i byzoner, hvor det er tilladt at bygge i overensstemmelse med offentlighedens behov og interesser i henseende til bæredygtig udvikling og opførelse af egnede leve-, arbejds- og fritidsvilkår for borgerne.
Thus, undertakings from other Member States can enter and operate on the same market upon equitable conditions, so that trade between Member States cannot be said to have been affected by the contested swaps.
Mens byttetransaktionerne desuden afhænger af afgørelser truffet af landbrugs- og fødevareministeren, er ændringer af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden betinget af, at forskellige kompetente organer godkender en lokalplan, nemlig ministeren for regionaludvikling og offentlige arbejder, den regionale guvernør eller byrådet.
Finally, one beneficiary [66] explained that the forest land he acquired from the State is not suitable for afforestation.
I betragtning af at retten til at anmode om en ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden ikke udspringer direkte af skovloven, men kræver opfyldelse af betingelser i andre love, mener de bulgarske myndigheder endelig ikke, at den hypotetiske mulighed for at ændre den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden indebærer, at en sådan ændring er uløseligt forbundet med byttetransaktionerne.
He further considers his property superior to the one he received from the State and that the transaction does not entail State aid.
Med hensyn til hvorvidt den potentielle ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af den byttede skovlod bør tages i betragtning ved bestemmelsen af prisen på lodden, gentog de bulgarske myndigheder deres mening om, at der ikke er nogen direkte forbindelse mellem den pris, som byttetransaktionen beregnes til, og den efterfølgende ændring af anvendelsen af jorden.
Finally, he mentioned that the land acquired is used for mobile beekeeping by making use of the land for pasture during the summer.
Myndighederne gav en udførlig beskrivelse af proceduren for bestemmelse af henholdsvis priserne på byttetransaktionen (ex artikel 20, stk. 5, henholdsvis 21 i regulativet om basispriser) og de afgifter, der skal betales for ændringen af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden.
Compatibility of potential aid
Myndighederne bemærker også, at private ejere kan anmode om en ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af jord i skov, uanset hvordan de erhvervede jorden, hvorfor enhver investor ville få de samme fordele, uanset om vedkommende har erhvervet skoven fra staten eller ved en armslængdetransaktion indgået med en privat part, og derfor bør de afgifter, der skal betales for effektueringen af en ændring af den fastlagte anvendelse af jorden, ikke regnes for selektive i henseende til støttemodtagerne.
While the Commission requested interested parties to provide any available evidence which would allow it to examine the compatibility of the contested swap transactions with the internal market, none of the beneficiaries did so.
Med hensyn til Kommissionens tvivl om, hvorvidt metodologien til beregning af administrative priser sikrer en korrekt afspejling af markedspriserne, bemærker de bulgarske myndigheder for det første, at de administrative priser fastsættes efter bestemmelserne i regulativet om basispriser, og at dette regulativ blev udarbejdet med udgangspunkt i den praksis, som andre medlemsstater, deriblandt Tyskland, har for fastsættelse af administrative priser på skovarealer.
COMMENTS FROM THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Desuden blev værdiansættelserne af privat- og statsejet skov foretaget af uafhængige eksperter efter et sæt ensartede kriterier.
BULGARIA’S COMMENTS ON THE OPENING DECISION
De bulgarske myndigheder fremsendte for det andet oplysninger om alle transaktioner [67] med køb og salg af privatejede skovarealer, der var foregået i perioden 2007-2009 [68].
The Bulgarian authorities maintain that the contested swap transactions do not constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty.
Oplysningerne om gennemsnitspriserne på privatejede ejendomme (dvs. »markedspriser«) omfatter en oversigt over troværdig markedsdokumentation i overensstemmelse med de krav, der er fastlagt i punkt 34 i de supplerende bestemmelser til regulativet om basispriser.
In relation to the alleged intrinsic link between the swap transactions and the change in the designated use of the swapped forest land, the Bulgarian authorities noted that Article 15(b) of the Forest Act allows for the possibility to apply for a change in the designated use of forest land irrespective of the way in which the land was acquired, whether through a swap, sales transaction or by other means.
Når der ikke er tilgængelige oplysninger om transaktioner, der er foregået i de samme områder, er der givet oplysninger om transaktioner, der fandt sted i nærliggende områder, og om tilsvarende skovarealer med hensyn til beliggenhed og plantearter.
However, such a theoretical possibility should not be understood as a firm, prior agreement between the authorities and the private party to the swap to subsequently change the designated use of the land.
Ifølge de bulgarske myndigheder kan det på grundlag af disse oplysninger påvises, at den administrative pris, der blev anvendt i de anfægtede byttetransaktioner, i de fleste tilfælde generelt var højere end de markedspriser, der blev opnået i armslængdetransaktioner [69].
The Bulgarian authorities provided evidence that, in relation to the 132 swaps that took place during the period 2007 to 2009, there were 24 requests made to change the designated use of the swapped forest land, of which in only 15 cases (i.e. 11,4 % of all swaps) a positive administrative decision was adopted allowing for the requested change.
I den forbindelse betvivler de bulgarske myndigheder den dokumentation, som klageren har fremsendt.
The Bulgarian authorities also note the different goals pursued by the swap transactions and the change in the designated use of the land.
På den ene side ville de af klageren nævnte priser nemlig være priser, hvortil jorden blev udbudt til salg og ikke nødvendigvis de faktisk opnåede priser, eller priser på lodder, for hvilke den fastlagte anvendelse allerede var ændret, og stempelafgiften betalt.
While the swaps seek to achieve the consolidation and conservation of Bulgarian forests so as to ensure their sustainable development and reproduction for the benefit of society as a whole, the change in the designated use of the land aims at achieving the goals laid down in the Spatial Planning Act, which provides the rules for the incorporation of land into the boundaries of agglomerations where construction is allowed in line with public needs and interests relating to sustainable development and building appropriate living, working and recreational conditions for citizens.
På den anden side er den af klageren nævnte markedspris ikke altid pålidelig, da den i mange tilfælde kun er opnået som resultat af en enkelt privat transaktion.
In addition, while the swap transactions depend on decisions taken by the Minister of Agriculture and Food changes to the designated use of land depend on the approval of a spatial development plan by different competent bodies, namely the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works, the Regional Governor or municipal councils.
For det tredje gentog de bulgarske myndigheder, at staten ikke dækkede forskellen op til den højere samlede administrative værdi af det privatejede skovareal, den erhvervede, og at byttetransaktionerne kun blev gennemført, hvis værdien af den privatejede skovlod, den modtog, var lig med eller højere end den statsejede lod, som den gav i bytte.
Finally, considering that the right to request a change in the designated use of land does not arise directly from the Forest Act but requires satisfying conditions stipulated in other laws, the Bulgarian authorities consider that the hypothetical possibility to change the designated use of the land does not mean that such a change is intrinsically linked to the swap transactions.
Desuden måtte den private part betale generalomkostninger på 2 % af ejendommens værdi.
As regards the question of whether the potential change in the designated use of the swapped land should be taken into account for determining the price of that land, the Bulgarian authorities reiterated their position that there is no direct link between the price at which the swap is valued and the subsequent change in the use of the land.
Denne ændring bestod primært i en ny metodologi til værdiansættelse af jord.
The authorities provided an extensive description of the procedure to be followed to determine the prices for the swap (ex Articles 20(5) and 21 of the Regulation on basic prices) and the fees due for the change in the designated use of the land, respectively.
Desuden blev koefficienterne vedrørende områder, der var beskyttet mod urbanisering, også forhøjet, og der blev indført nye kategorier med angivelse af forhøjelserne af jordpriser afhængigt af bebyggelseskategorien.
Those authorities also note that private owners may request a change in the designated use of forest land regardless of how they obtained the land, so that any investor would enjoy the same advantages, regardless of whether they have acquired the forest from the government or under an arm’s length transaction concluded with a private party, so that the fees payable to bring about a change in the designated use of the land should be considered non-selective vis-à-vis beneficiaries.
Desuden skete der en fuldstændig ajourføring af koefficienterne i regulativet efter Bulgariens tiltrædelse af Unionen den 1. januar 2007, herunder koefficienterne for områder beskyttet mod urbanisering og de såkaldte markedsreguleringskoefficienter, som afhænger af jordkategorien.
As regards the Commission’s doubts whether the methodology for calculating administrative prices correctly reflects market prices, the Bulgarian authorities note, first, that the administrative prices are set following the provisions of the Regulation on basic prices and that that Regulation was designed taking as an example practices for administrative price-setting for forest land in other Member States, most notably Germany.
Endvidere blev artikel 20, stk. 5, i regulativet om basispriser ændret således, at bytteprisen på statsejet jord blev forhøjet med 50 % af værdien af markedsreguleringskoefficienten.
Moreover, the valuations of private and public forests were conducted by independent experts following a single set of criteria.
Desuden blev der indført en forhøjelse af jordværdien i henhold til forskellige bebyggelseskategorier.
Second, the Bulgarian authorities provided data on all transactions [67] involving the sale and purchase of privately owned forests carried out in the period 2007-2009 [68].
Ifølge de bulgarske myndigheder viser disse ændringer af regulativet om basispriser, at myndighederne trods manglen på et veludviklet hjemligt marked for skovjord og i lyset af Bulgariens forestående tiltrædelse af Unionen forsøgte at ajourføre værdiansættelsesmekanismen i regulativet ved at sikre, at den byggede på troværdig markedsdokumentation.
The information provided in respect of the average prices of privately owned properties (i.e. ‘market prices’) comprises a summary of credible market evidence in line with the requirement stipulated in point 34 of the Supplementary provisions of the Regulation on basic prices.
På datoen for Bulgariens tiltrædelse af Unionen skulle de administrative priser beregnet på grundlag af regulativet om basispriser derfor ikke være lavere end markedspriserne på de samme skovlodder.
Where no information is available about transactions concluded in the same areas, details of ones that took place in areas situated in proximity and involved forests that are similar in terms of location and plant species have been provided.
De resterende 51 private parter var fysiske personer, der ikke drev handels- eller servicevirksomhed.
In this regard, the Bulgarian authorities call into question the evidence provided by the complainant.
Bulgarien understreger i denne forbindelse, at hverken State Forest Agency eller efterfølgeren Executive Forests Agency (EFA) har modtaget ansøgninger om skovhugst eller eksport fra fysiske personer, som deltog i byttetransaktioner i den omhandlede periode.
On the one hand, the prices quoted by the complainants would namely be prices for which the land was offered for sale and not necessarily prices effectively obtained or prices of plots of land that had already had their designated use changed and where the stamp duty was paid.
For det andet hævder de bulgarske myndigheder, at byttetransaktionerne ikke kan påvirke samhandelen i EU, eftersom de støttede virksomheder driver virksomhed inden for brancher, der ikke involverer import eller eksport af produkter eller tjenesteydelser.
On the other hand, the market price quoted by the complainant is not always reliable as in many cases it was obtained only as a result of a single private transaction.
De bulgarske myndigheder supplerede den allerede fremsendte information om mængderne af tømmer, der blev produceret og eksporteret til Unionen i den omhandlede periode, og fremsendte et dokument, der viste, at ingen af de private parter, som erhvervede statsejet skovareal i forbindelse med de anfægtede byttetransaktioner, producerede tømmer, solgte tømmer på hjemmemarkedet eller eksporterede tømmer fra Republikken Bulgarien.
Third, the Bulgarian authorities reiterated that the government did not cover any shortfall between the higher administrative total value of the private forest land it acquired and that the swap transactions were only carried out if the privately owned plot of forest land received was higher or equal in value to the government-owned plot for which it was swapped.
For det tredje hævder de bulgarske myndigheder, at turistbranchen (f.eks. rejsearrangører, rejsebureauer, hotelejere og leverandører af andre tjenesteydelser for turister) er reguleret af et sæt regler i den bulgarske turistlov.
Additionally, the private party had to pay overheads in the amount of 2 % of the property’s value.
Denne lov kræver en administrativ registrering af erhvervsdrivende i et offentligt register, som økonomi-, energi- og turistministeriet fører.
Finally, the Bulgarian authorities point out that, since its original enactment, the Regulation on basic prices has been amended on three occasions — in 2004, 2005 and 2007, respectively.
Personer, der beskæftiger sig med hoteldrift, er også omfattet af et krav om registrering i et særligt register ifølge turistlovens artikel 58.
The amendment of the Regulation in 2005 would be particularly noteworthy in light of the advanced stage in the restitution of expropriated forests and forest land as it meant that private forests were already both available and in demand on the market.
Derfor kan kun de virksomheder, der er opført i de respektive offentlige registre, der føres af økonomi-, energi- og turistministeriet, anses for at være virksomheder i turistbranchen.
This amendment essentially aimed to alter the land valuation methodology.
En kontrol af de relevante registre viste, at kun en af de virksomheder, der erhvervede statsejet skovjord som resultat af de anfægtede byttetransaktioner, nemlig Kapsi Tours OOD, er registreret som rejsearrangør i henhold til turistloven.
In addition, the coefficients relating to areas protected from urbanisation were also increased and several new categories setting out the increments to land prices depending on the category of the settlement were introduced.
For det fjerde forklarede de bulgarske myndigheder, at drift af byggevirksomhed i Bulgarien også er omfattet af krav om registrering i det centrale register over beskæftigelse i byggeriet, som føres af det bulgarske byggekammer i overensstemmelse med en særlov, nemlig byggekammerloven [70].
Moreover, following Bulgaria’s accession to the Union on 1 January 2007, the coefficients in the regulation were fully updated, including those relating to the areas protected from urbanisation and the so-called ‘market regulator’ coefficients, which depend on the category of land.