natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I sin afgørelse M.5496 Vattenfall/Nuon Energy [25] konstaterede Kommissionen, at markedet for store (eller RLM-) kunder i Tyskland var nationalt, mens det kunne være regionalt for små og private kunder (eller SLP-kunder), afhængigt af distributørens størrelse.
In its Decision M.5496 Vattenfall/Nuon Energy [25], the Commission found that the market for large (or RLM) customers in Germany was national, whereas it could be regional for small and household (or SLP) customers, depending on the size of the distributor.
Det efterlod imidlertid den præcise definition af det relevante geografiske marked åbent.
However, it eventually left open the precise definition of the relevant geographical market.
I sin afgørelse M. 7778 — Vattenfall/Engie/GASAG [26] overvejede Kommissionen igen, om både markedet for detailforsyning af el til små kunder samt detailforsyningen af gas til små kunder i Tyskland burde defineres som regionalt, hvormed begge markeder i sidste ende er uafgrænsede.
In its Decision M. 7778 — Vattenfall/Engie/GASAG [26], the Commission again discussed whether both the market for electricity retail supply to small customers as well as for gas retail supply to small customers in Germany should be defined as regional, leaving both markets finally open.
BKartA konstaterede, at markedet for detailforsyning af el var nationalt både for RLM- og SLP-kunder.
The BKartA found that the market for retail supply of electricity was national both for RLM and SLP customers.
I sidstnævnte tilfælde afveg de fra deres tidligere netværksrelaterede markedsdefinition, i lyset af ændringen af de konkurrencemæssige betingelser for kunder med særlig kontrakt, som nu har en lang række leverandører at vælge mellem.
In the latter case, it departed from its earlier network-related market definition, given the change in the competitive conditions of special contract customers, who now have a wide range of suppliers to choose from.
Selv om størstedelen af regionale leverandører, som tilbyder særlige kontrakter til SLP-kunder, har et regionalt fokus, har et betydeligt (og stigende) antal leverandører drevet handel uden for deres eget etablerede forsyningsområde.
Although the majority of regional suppliers who offer special contracts for SLP customer have a regional focus, a considerable (and increasing) number of suppliers have been trading outside their own established supply area.
4 % af alle leverandører, svarende til mere end 30 selskaber, forsyner kunder i 251-500 netværksområder, dvs. landsdækkende.
4 % of all suppliers, equivalent to more than 30 companies, supply customers in 251-500 network areas, i.e. nationwide.
Yderligere 56 foretagender driver forretning i mere end 500 netværksområder og dækker dermed hele landet.
A further 56 undertakings operate in more than 500 network areas, covering the whole country.
For at evaluere, om de betingelser, der er fastsat i artikel 34 i direktiv 2014/25/EU, er opfyldt, og uden at anvendelsen af anden EU-lovgivning derved tilsidesættes, er det relevante geografiske marked for detailforsyning af el nationalt for RLM- og SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter.
For the purpose of assessing whether the conditions laid down in Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are fulfilled, and without prejudice to the application of other Union law, the relevant geographic market for electricity retail supply is national for RLM and SLP with special contract customers.
Selv hvis evalueringen fokuserede på det regionale niveau, ville der eksistere tilsvarende konkurrencemæssige begrænsninger på markedet for detailforsyning af el til små kunder.
Even if the assessment would focus on the regional level, comparable competitive constraints would exist on the market for electricity retail supply to small customers.
I sin afgørelse M.5467 RWE/Essent [27] konstaterede Kommissionen, at der var bevismateriale til at understøtte det faktum, at detailmarkedet for gas var regionalt.
In its Decision M.5467 RWE/Essent [27], the Commission found there was evidence to support the fact that the gas retail market was regional.
BKartA afveg således fra sin tidligere netværksrelaterede markedsdefinition og bemærkede ændringerne af de konkurrencemæssige betingelser for RLM- og SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter, som nu har et bredere udvalg af leverandører at vælge mellem.
Departed from its earlier network-related market definition, the BKartA noted the changes in the competitive conditions for RLM and SLP with special contract customers, who now have a wide range of suppliers to choose from.
I sin afgørelse om EWE/VNG-fusionen [28] undersøgte BKartA strukturbetingelserne for gassektoren mere dybdegående ved at foretage mange markedsundersøgelser som led i proceduren.
In its decision on the EWE/VNG merger [28], the BKartA examined in detail the framework conditions of the gas sector, carrying out many market surveys in the context of the procedure.
BKartA konkluderede, at markedet for forsyning til RLM-kunder var nationalt og ikke længere netværksrelateret eller relateret til markedsområdet.
It concluded that the market for the supply of RLM customers was national and no longer network-related or related to market area.
BKartA fastslog, at hastigt fremskridende konkurrence trængte gennem de traditionelle distributionsområder.
The BKartA established that rapidly advancing competition was permeating the traditional distribution areas.
Hvad angår SLP-kunder, konkluderede BKartA også, at markedet var nationalt.
Concerning SLP customers, the BKartA also concluded that the market was national.
SLP-kunder har et tilstrækkeligt antal leverandører at vælge mellem (ca. 10 i gennemsnit), hvor maksimumspriserne ikke ligger mere end 10 % over den billigste tarif.
SLP customer have a sufficient number of suppliers to choose from (about 10 on average), the maximum prices of which are no more than 10 % above the cheapest rate.
Selv om størstedelen af gasleverandører har et regionalt fokus, driver mere end 50 (eller 7 %) forretning på nationalt basis.
Although the majority of gas suppliers have a regional focus, more than 50 (or 7 %) operate on a national basis.
For at evaluere, om de betingelser, der er fastsat i artikel 34 i direktiv 2014/25/EU, er opfyldt, og uden at anvendelsen af anden EU-lovgivning derved tilsidesættes, mener Kommissionen, at det relevante geografiske marked for detailforsyning af gas er nationalt for RLM- og SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter.
For the purpose of assessing whether the conditions laid down in Article 34 of Directive 2014/25/EU are fulfilled, and without prejudice to the application of other Union law, this Decision, the Commission will consider that the relevant geographic market for gas retail supply is national for RLM and SLP with special contract customers.
Selv hvis evalueringen fokuserede på det regionale niveau, ville der eksistere tilsvarende konkurrencemæssige begrænsninger på markedet for detailforsyning af gas til små kunder.
Even if the assessment would focus on the regional level, comparable competitive constraints would exist on the market for gas retail supply to small customers.
Det samlede elforbrug fra forsyningsnettet i Tyskland er følgende, i henhold til en fælles overvågningsrapport fra den tyske nationale reguleringsinstans — Bundesnetzagentur (i det følgende benævnt »BNetzA«) og BKartA (i det følgende benævnt »overvågningsrapporten«):
The total volumes of electricity withdrawals in Germany are the following, according to a joint monitoring report by the German national regulatory agency — Bundesnetzagentur (hereinafter referred to ‘BNetzA’) — and the BKartA (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Monitoring Report’):
heraf fra pumpelagring
Total withdrawal volumes (in TWh)
De to største leverandører, RWE og E.ON, er ikke underlagt offentlige udbudsregler.
of which, industrial and commercial undertakings
I henhold til 2015-overvågningsrapporten solgte elleverandørerne, der deltog i undersøgelsen, ca. 268 TWh el i alt til RLM-kunder over hele Tyskland.
of which, residential customers [32]
Ca. 88 TWh kunne tilskrives de fire største foretagender (RWE, Vattenfall, EnBW og E.ON) på markedet for RLM-kunder.
of which, pumped storage
En samlet volumen på ca. 103 TWh blev solgt til SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter i 2014, hvilket svarede til 64 % af den samlede volumen solgt til SLP-kunder [34].
It shows that the combined market share of the four largest companies is approximately 41,6 %.
I 2014 beløb de fire største foretagenders samlede salg sig til ca. 37 TWh, hvilket førte til en samlet markedsandel for de fire største foretagender på ca. 36 % [35].
The two largest suppliers, RWE and E.ON, are not subject to public procurement rules.
Markedsandelen for de større medlemmer af BDEW, der kan anses som ordregivende enheder, blev oplyst af ansøgeren i et fortroligt bilag til anmodningen.
According to the 2015 Monitoring Report, the electricity suppliers surveyed sold a total of approximately 268 TWh of electricity to RLM customers throughout Germany.
Disse markedsandele er […] for forsyningen til RLM-kunder og […] for forsyningen til SLP-kunder.
Approximately 88 TWh were attributable to the four largest undertakings (RWE, Vattenfall, EnBW und E.ON) on the market for RLM customers.
Da det stammer fra en konstant metode, hvad angår Kommissionens afgørelser i henhold til artikel 30 i Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2004/17/EF [36], fandt Kommissionen, at den samlede markedsandel for de tre største foretagender, hvad angår elforsyningen, var relevant.
This results in an aggregate market share of the four largest undertakings on this market of approximately 33 % [33].
I Kommissionens afgørelse 2010/403/EU [37] var de tre største el-detailhandleres samlede markedsandele i Italien 43,89 %.
A total of approximately 103 TWh were sold to SLP special contract customers in 2014, corresponding to 64 % of the total volume sold to SLP customers [34].
I Kommissionens beslutning 2007/706/EF [38] vedrørende Sverige var denne markedsandel 43 %.
In 2014, the cumulative sales of the four largest undertakings amounted to approximately 37 TWh, leading to an aggregated market share of the four largest undertakings of approximately 36 % [35].
I indeværende tilfælde er de tre største detailhandleres markedsandel på det tyske elmarked 36,8 %.
The market shares of the larger members of BDEW that can be regarded as contracting entities were provided by the Applicant in a confidential annex to the Request.
Antallet af leverandører, der er aktive på det tyske elmarked, er stort.
These market shares are […] for the supply to RLM customers and […] for the supply to SLP customers.
I sin konklusion anfører BKartA, at mere end 50 leverandører er aktive i 82 % af alle netværksområder.
As it results from a constant practice in respect of Commission Decisions pursuant to Article 30 of Directive 2004/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [36], the Commission considered that, concerning electricity supply, the total market share of the largest three undertakings was relevant.
I gennemsnit kan tyske slutkunder (som dækker både RLM- og SLP-kunder) vælge mellem 106 leverandører i deres netværksområde [39].
In Commission Decision 2010/403/EU [37], the aggregated market shares of the three largest electricity retailers in Italy was 43,89 %.
Yderligere dokumentation på effektiv konkurrence er den høje omskiftningshyppighed inden for elforsyningen.
In Commission Decision 2007/706/EC [38] concerning Sweden, this market share was 43 %.
Leverandørers omskiftningshyppighed blandt RLM-kunder (industrimæssige og kommercielle kunder) i 2014 var ca. 11 %.
In the present case, the market share of the three largest retailers on the German electricity market is 36,8 %.
Omskiftningshyppighed blandt industrimæssige og kommercielle kunder er mere eller mindre forblevet konstant siden 2006 [40].
The number of suppliers active on the German electricity market is high.
Det indebærer ikke nogen omkostninger at skifte elleverandør.
In its Opinion, the BKartA states that more than 50 suppliers are active in 82 % of all network areas.
Til gengæld er skift blandt SLP-kunder steget væsentligt siden 2006: og ligger på 3,8 mio. [41].
On average, German end-customers (which cover both RLM and LP customers) can choose from 106 suppliers in their network area [39].
Andelen af boligkunder med standardforsyning var i 2014 32,8 %, hvilket betyder, at 67,2 % af boligkunder har skiftet deres elforsyningskontrakt mindst én gang og har derfor en særlig kontrakt [42].
Further evidence of effective competition is the high switching rate in electricity supply.
Tiltagende effektiv konkurrence bliver også vist ved basisleverandørernes faldende vigtighed som kontraherende parter.
The supplier switching rate among RLM customers (industrial and commercial customers) in 2014 was approximately 11 %.
De forbliver imidlertid fremtrædende for private kunder: I 2014 havde 43 % en særlig kontrakt med den lokale standardleverandør.
The switching rate among industrial and commercial customers has remained more or less constant since 2006 [40].
32,8 % af boligkunder havde en klassisk basisforsyningskontrakt (2012: 36,7 %).
No costs are incurred for switching electricity supplier.
24 % af alle kunder blev forsynet af et andet foretagende end basisleverandøren (2012: 20,1 %) [43].
By contrast, switching among SLP customers has increased significantly since 2006: and stands at 3,8 million [41].
Situationen er en anden for kommercielle og industrimæssige kunder med særlige kontrakter.
The share of default supply residential customers in 2014 was 32,8 %, which means that 67,2 % of residential customers have switched their electricity supply contract at least once and are therefore on a special contract [42].
Af den samlede volumen, der blev leveret til RLM-kunder i 2014, tegnede leverandørkontrakter med en anden leverandør end den lokale basisleverandør sig for ca. 66 % og ca. 34 % af særlige kontrakter med basisleverandøren.
Increasingly effective competition is also demonstrated by the declining importance of default suppliers as contracting parties.
Mindre end 1 % af RLM-kunderne har en basisforsyningskontakt, så basisforsyningen spiller en meget begrænset rolle.
They remain however dominant for residential customers: in 2014, 43 % had a special contract with the local default supplier.
I 2014 blev engrosmarkedet for el i Tyskland karakteriseret af høj likviditet.
32,8 % of residential customers had a classic default supply contract (2012: 36,7 %).
Sammen med bilateral, OTC-engroshandel spiller energibørser en nøglerolle.
24 % of all customers were supplied by an undertaking other than the default supplier (2012: 20,1 %) [43].
De skaber et pålideligt handelsforum og kommer samtidig med vigtige prissignaler til markedsdeltagerne inden for andre elsektorer.
The situation is different for commercial and industrial customers with special contracts.
I 2014 steg likviditeten for spot- og futuresmarkeder.
Of the total volume supplied to RLM customers, in 2014 approximately 66 % was accounted for by supplier contracts with a supplier other than the local default supplier and approximately 34 % by special contacts with the default supplier.
Volumen af futures-kontrakter med el, der handles på EEX, steg med 21 % fra 669 TWh til 812 TWh.
Less than 1 % of RLM customers have a default supply contract, so default supply plays a very limited role.
Derimod var der et fald på 17 % i volumen af futures, der handles via mæglerplatforme.
In 2014, the electricity wholesale markets in Germany are characterised by high liquidity.
I 2014 solgte mæglerplatforme futures-kontrakter med el med en samlet volumen på ca. 4500 TWh [46].
Alongside bilateral, over-the-counter wholesale trade, power exchanges play a key role.
Den høje likviditet af engrosmarkedet gør det for eksempel nemmere for deltagere på detailmarkedet at konkurrere med etablerede spillere, som har deres egen udviklingskapacitet.
They create a reliable trading forum and at the same time provide important price signals for market participants in other electricity sectors.
Den gennemsnitlige, årlige Phelix Peak Year Future-pris var 44,40 EUR pr. MWh, den halve pris af 2008-prisen.
The volume of day-ahead trading on EPEX SPOT [44] and EXAA [45] increased from 254 TWh in 2013 to 269 TWh in 2014.
Hvad angår elpriser, så har Tyskland en af de højeste priser i EU for private kunder [47].
The volume of intraday trading on EPEX SPOT grew by 30 %.
Det skyldes overvejende det faktum, at elprisen påvirkes af skatter, socialsikringsbidrag og afgifter.
The volume of electricity futures contracts trading on EEX rose by 21 % from 669 TWh to 812 TWh.
Prisen ekskl. skatter og afgifter ligger på EU-gennemsnittet.
By contrast, there was a fall of 17 % in the volume of futures trading via broker platforms.
Analysen, der blev foretaget af BNetzA og BKartA inden for sektoren med detailforsyning af gas, viste, at der i 2014 blev solgt ca. 391 TWh gas til RLM-kunder (inkl. salg til gasbrændende kraftværker).
The high liquidity of the wholesale market makes it easier for entrants on the retail market to compete for instance with established players who have their own generation capacity.
Disse foretagenders samlede markedsandel var derfor ca. 32 % af RLM-kunderne [49].
Average prices on the spot markets showed a year on year decrease of around 13 %.
Analysen, der blev foretaget inden for sektoren med detailforsyning af gas, viste, at der i 2014 blev solgt ca. 321 TWh gas til SLP-kunder.
The average daily price dispersion was smaller in a year on year comparison.
Heraf tegnede særlige kontrakter sig for 261 TWh, og basisforsyningskontrakter tegnede sig for 60 TWh.
Prices for electricity futures also fell in 2014.
De tre stærkeste foretagenders samlede salg, hvad angår salg til SLP-kunder, beløb sig til ca. 71 TWh, hvoraf særlige kontrakter tegnede sig for ca. 6 TWh.
At EUR 35,09 per MWh, the average annual Phelix Base Year Future price fell just over 10 % from the previous year.
Dette resulterer i en samlet markedsandel for de tre stærkeste foretagender, hvad angår salg, på ca. 19 % for SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter og 22 % for SLP-kunder [50].
The average annual Phelix Peak Year Future price was EUR 44,40 per MWh, half of the 2008 figure.
Der er en stærk leverandørmangfoldighed på slutkundemarkedet inden for gassektoren.
As far as electricity prices are concerned, Germany has one of the highest prices in the EU for residential customers [47].
Mere end 50 gasleverandører er tilgængelige for forbrugerne inden for næsten 74 % netværk [51].
This is largely due to the fact that the electricity price is influenced by taxes, social security contributions and levies.
Hvis der kun ses på private kunder (SLP-kunder), forsynes de af mindst 50 gasleverandører inden for næsten 60 % af netværksområder [52].
The price before taxes is in the EU average.
Leverandørmangfoldigheden er steget inden for de sidste år.
For industrial customers, the price level including taxes is higher than the EU-28 average, but below average if taxes are excluded [48].
Omskiftningshyppigheden for leverandører blandt RLM-kunder (industrimæssige og kommercielle kunder) i 2014 var lige under 12 % og har været stabil de seneste år [53].
The analysis carried out by the BNetzA and the BKartA in the retail supply gas sector showed that, in 2014, approximately 391 TWh of gas were sold to RLM customers (including sales to gas-fired power stations).
Blandt SLP-kunder (private kunder) forblev det samlede antal leverandørskift stabilt sammenlignet med det foregående år.
The cumulative sales of the three strongest undertakings amounted to 123 TWh.
SLP-kunder med særlige kontrakter har, per definition, allerede skiftet leverandør mindst én gang for at slippe væk fra basisforsyningen [54].
The aggregated market share of these undertakings was, therefore, approximately 32 % of RLM customers [49].
I 2014 blev 19 % af de private kunder forsynet af en anden gasleverandør end basisleverandøren.
The analysis carried out in the retail supply gas sector showed that in 2014 approximately 321 TWh gas were sold to SLP customers.
Lige under 57 % af de private kunder blev forsynet af deres basisgasleverandør under en særlig kontrakt.
Of this, special contracts accounted for 261 TWh and default supply contracts accounted for 60 TWh.
24 % af den gasvolumen, der blev leveret til private kunder, blev solgt under en basiskontrakt [55].
The cumulative sales of the three strongest undertakings in terms of sales for SLP customers amounted to approximately 71 TWh, approximately 6 TWh of which was accounted for by special contracts.
Basisleverandørerne spiller dog en mindre rolle blandt RLM-kunder (industrimæssige og kommercielle kunder) med særlige kontrakter.
This results in an aggregated market share of the three strongest undertakings in terms of sales of approximately 19 % for SLP special contract customers and 22 % for SLP customers [50].
Af den samlede volumen, der blev leveret til RLM-kunder i 2014, tegnede leverandørkontrakter med en anden leverandør end den lokale basisleverandør sig for ca. 67 % og blot 33 % af særlige kontrakter med basisleverandøren.
There is strong supplier diversity in the end-customer market in the gas sector.
Mindre end 1 % af RLM-kunderne har en basisforsyningskontrakt [56].
More than 50 gas suppliers are available to consumers in almost 74 % of networks [51].
Der var en yderligere stigning i likviditeten af engrosmarkeder for naturgas i Tyskland i 2014.
Taking only residential customers (SLP customers) into account, they are supplied by 50 or more gas suppliers in almost 60 % of network areas [52].
Langt den største andel af transaktioner, der involverer engroshandel med naturgas, sker bilateralt, det vil sige uden for udvekslingerne (»over skranken« — OTC).
Supplier diversity has been on the increase in the past years.
Bilateral handel har den fordel, at den kan foretages på fleksibel vis, dvs. især uden at skulle ty til et begrænset kontraktsæt.
The supplier switching rate among RLM customers (industrial and commercial customers) in 2014 was just under 12 % and has been stable in recent years [53].
Mæglerprovision spiller en væsentlig rolle i OTC-handel via mæglerplatforme.
Among SLP customers (residential customers), the total number of supplier switches remained stable in comparison with the preceding year.
Der var væsentlige stigninger i den bilaterale engroshandel.
SLP special contract customers have, by definition, already switched supplier at least once to get out of basic supply [54].
I 2014 beløb handelstransaktioner med naturgas solgt via mæglerplatforme med Tyskland som et forsyningsområde sig til 3000 TWh.
In 2014, 19 % of residential customers were supplied by a gas supplier other than the default supplier.
Dette svarer til en stigning på 15 %.
Just under 57 % of residential customers were supplied by their default gas supplier under a special contract.
Gashandelsvolumener ved udveksling på spotmarkedet blev mere end fordoblet i 2014 og lå på omkring 129 TWh.
24 % of the volume of gas supplied to residential customers was sold under a default contract [55].
2014 var præget af væsentligt lavere engrosgaspriser.
However, default suppliers play a minor role among RLM customers (industrial and commercial customers) with special contracts.
De daglige referencepriser beregnet af EEX faldt med ca. 22 % (årligt gennemsnit) og den gennemsnitlige pris på tværs af grænser beregnet af BAFA (kontoret for økonomi og eksportkontrol) faldt med 15 %.
Of the total volume supplied to RLM customers in 2014, 67 % was accounted for by supplier contracts with a supplier other than the local default supplier and approximately just 33 % by special contacts with the default supplier.
Dette prisfald tilskrives generelt faldet i tysk og europæisk gasforbrug.
Less than 1 % of RLM customers have a default supply contract [56].
Gaspriserne er meget tæt på EU-gennemsnittet, både for privat- og industrikunder [58].
There was a further increase in the liquidity of the wholesale natural gas markets in Germany in 2014.
KONKLUSIONER
By far the largest share of wholesale trading in natural gas is transacted bilaterally, that is outside the exchanges (‘over the counter’ — OTC).