natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Som dokumentation for det modsatte fremlagde de referat af et møde, hvor ledelsen forelagde NERES for tilsynsrådet.
Therefore, NERES could not be imputed to public authorities, according to FD.
2012-ÅBNINGSAFGØRELSEN
It also claimed that a private investor would have introduced NERES as well.
DSW21 OG FD
FD pointed out that it had taken up negotiations with Virgin Express and Ryanair, which failed because both requested even lower charges than NERES allowed.
Bemærkningerne fra DSW21 og FD var helt på linje med Tysklands bemærkninger.
Moreover, FD noted that it had also negotiated with Germanwings and that in the end Germanwings signed contracts with Cologne/Bonn airport.
DSW21 og FD anførte desuden, at en markedsøkonomisk operatør også ville have indgået aftalen om overførsel af over- og underskud 1991 under hensyntagen til navnlig omkostningerne til lukning af lufthavnen.
So according to FD, Cologne/Bonn probably offered charges comparable to or lower than the Dortmund charges.
EasyJet anførte, at NEO er i overensstemmelse med det markedsøkonomiske princip og derfor ikke udgør statsstøtte.
Referring to its ex ante business plan prepared for the introduction of NERES, FD is convinced that a private investor would have done the same since only the introduction of NERES and the favourable treatment of low-cost airlines could have led to the return to profitability at the operating level.
Efter EasyJets opfattelse var indførelsen af NEO fra et økonomisk perspektiv den mest farbare vej fremad for operatøren af Dortmund lufthavn.
FD furthermore stated that the charges pursuant to NERES were transparent and every airline could have applied for them, so NERES was not selective.
EasyJet anførte videre, at incitamentsordninger baseret på vækst i passagertallet som i denne sag hjælper lufthavne med at opnå stordriftsfordele.
Furthermore, FD claimed that the measure was limited to five years and that it did not qualify as State aid for the purposes of Article 107(1) of the Treaty, taking into account how the criteria were applied in the Commission decisions Manchester and Charleroi.
EasyJet anførte, at lignende incitamentsordninger var blevet indført i Sverige, f.eks. i Stockholm-Arlanda, Stockholm-Bromma og Göteborg Landvetter.
DSW21 declared that its task was to manage and operate the infrastructure of the city of Dortmund, therefore the operation of the airport is part of its tasks.
EasyJet anførte videre, at den forudgående rentabilitetsvurdering, som er foretaget på grundlag af velfunderede udsigter på mellemlangt sigt for NEO, er anført i forretningsplanen og i sammenligningen af de forskellige scenarier, og at markedsøkonomiprincippet derfor var opfyldt.
The aim of the expansion of the airport was to accompany the structural transition of the region from the coal and steel industry to a modern, service based economy.
EasyJet understregede, at vurderingen af markedsøkonomiprincippet alene burde have fokus på meromkostninger og -indtægter.
DSW21 stated that it supported the decision of the airport to introduce NERES.
EasyJet påpegede desuden, at det er muligt at dække meromkostningerne med en rimelig fortjenstmargen på grundlag af velfunderede udsigter på mellemlangt sigt, når en individuel aftale indgås med et luftfartsselskab, eller når der fastlægges en generel ordning for lufthavnsafgifter.
According to DSW21, NERES was the best alternative to improve the profitability and growth of the airport.
EasyJet hævdede i denne henseende, at FD i forretningsplanen for NEO tog hensyn til omkostninger ud over meromkostninger.
Other strategies, such as closure or a different positioning on the market were economically less advantageous.
EasyJet konkluderede derfor, at NEO's rentabilitet ville have været endnu bedre, hvis disse omkostninger ikke blev medregnet i rentabilitetsvurderingen.
DSW21 stated that the success of NERES could be seen from the increased number of routes, the number of airlines and a better economic situation at the airport than it would have been without NERES.
Det var endvidere EasyJets opfattelse, at også omkostningerne vedrørende aktiviteter henhørende under det offentlige myndighedsområde og omkostninger vedrørende historiske investeringer ikke burde tages i betragtning ved vurderingen af markedsøkonomiprincippet.
THE CITY OF DORTMUND
EasyJet anførte, at de lavere afgifter som følge af NEO var tilgængelige for alle luftfartsselskaber med aktiviteter i lufthavnen.
The city of Dortmund stated that it was not involved directly or indirectly in the decision-making process that led to the introduction of NERES.
Individuelle aftaler mellem EasyJet og lufthavnen overskred ikke anvendelsesområdet for NEO.
The city of Dortmund explained also that since the signature of the 1991 PLTA, FD was integrated into the DSW21, whose management organs and supervisory board consist of representatives of the city of Dortmund [25], which are bound by the decision and instructions of the city council.
Germanwings præciserede, at dets endelige afgifter, inkl. afgifter for afrejsende passager og groundhandlingafgifter, i gennemsnit lå mellem […] og […] EUR pr. afrejsende passager.
Moreover, representatives of the city have to act in the interests of the city [26].
Germanwings oplyste desuden, at det relevante marked for sammenligning af afgifter ville være de afgifter, der blev betalt i lavprislufthavne.
The city of Dortmund claimed that the airport is pursuing a task of general economic interest.
Germanwings præciserede yderligere, at afgifterne i Dortmund lufthavn ikke ville have adskilt sig fra afgifterne i Graz eller Maastricht.
According to a study prepared by the University of Münster/Osnabrück in 2006, 1550 persons were employed at the airport by FD and by about 70 other companies.
Germanwings anførte desuden, at en markedsøkonomisk operatør også ville være nødt til at acceptere underskud i de første par år af et nyt projekt.
The indirect employment created by the investments of these companies amounted to 2100 employees and the induced employment created by the consumption of these companies amounted to 630 employees.
Wizz Air anførte, at NEO er i overensstemmelse med det markedsøkonomiske princip og derfor ikke udgør statsstøtte.
Moreover, the city of Dortmund stated that the airport is important for the tourism industry of the region as well as for the region's competitiveness, in particular for modern Europe-wide service providers.
Wizz Air var enig i, at NEO var mere økonomisk end en lukning af lufthavnen.
EasyJet stated that the 2005 Aviation Guidelines were not applicable because NERES had been already set up in 2004 when the guidelines were not yet adopted and published.
Ifølge Wizz Air burde Kommissionen med hensyn til lukningen af lufthavnen medregne de høje omkostninger til lukning, som byen Dortmund ville have pådraget sig.
Therefore, in EasyJet's opinion, the Commission has to take a decision on the basis of its previous decisions, such as in the case Ryanair/Charleroi.
Wizz Air hævdede, at lufthavnsafgifters overensstemmelse med markedet skal sammenlignes med de afgifter, som lavprisluftfartsselskaber betaler i forskellige europæiske regionale lufthavne, fordi et lavprisluftfartsselskab ikke vælger dets destinationer efter princippet om »ét opland«, men på tværs af hele Europa.
EasyJet also noted that NERES met the requirements of Article 107(3)(c) of the Treaty and was therefore compatible with the common market.
Endelig anførte Wizz Air, at selskabets aftale med FD også var i overensstemmelse med markedet, fordi den i stigende grad er rentabel for lufthavnen.
Furthermore, EasyJet stated that it did not benefit from the lower charges, since it left the airport before reaching profitability.
En sådan vurdering burde også omfatte netværksvirkninger.
EasyJet pointed out that its business model did not rely on exploiting favourable deals, but that instead, it was willing to commit and share risks with the airport, which is supported by the fact that EasyJet never closed a base since 1995.
Til støtte for sin vurdering af markedsoverensstemmelsen fremlagde Wizz Air Oxera-undersøgelsen.
In EasyJet's opinion, NERES would also have been conceived and applied by a MEO.
Oxera sammenlignede først de afgifter, som Wizz Air betalte i Dortmund lufthavn, med de afgifter, der blev betalt i Doncaster, Liverpool, Memmingen, Prestwick og Stockholm-Skavsta lufthavnene.
EasyJet stated that with NERES the number of flights increased again between 2002 and 2004.
Disse lufthavne ligner angiveligt Dortmund lufthavn med hensyn til trafikmængde, type af lufthavnstrafik og opland.
EasyJet pointed out that a MEO does not have to choose the most profitable investment in the short term, nor does he have to achieve profits in the short term.
Ifølge Oxera var disse lufthavne privatejede.
According to the airline, if an existing investment would pay off later, the investor would be more tempted to accept temporary lower returns, as was the case in Dortmund.
De modtog offentlig støtte, som dog var relativt beskeden sammenlignet med deres samlede anlægsaktiv.
EasyJet pointed out examples of airports, such as Liverpool, Glasgow Prestwick or London Stansted, where private capital and not State resources were involved, and incentives were used to increase the numbers of passengers and improve the profitability.
Oxera anførte, at de afgifter, som Wizz Air betalte i Dortmund lufthavn, i gennemsnit er betydeligt højere end de afgifter, som Wizz Air betalte i de andre lufthavne, der anvendes i sammenligningen, hvis også den obligatoriske sikkerhedsafgift medregnes.
In its submission of 6 May 2014, EasyJet emphasised that the 2014 Aviation Guidelines clarified that only incremental costs have to be considered for the purpose of the MEO test.
Oxera anførte videre, at de afgifter (fratrukket sikkerhedsafgiften), som Wizz Air betalte, er sammenlignelige med de lufthavnsafgifter, der betales i de andre lufthavne, som anvendes i sammenligningen.
EasyJet claimed that this demanded an ex ante profitability analysis on the basis of sound medium-term prospects, which FD had carried out in the market studies concerning the two scenarios for future development, that is to say introducing NERES and keeping the pre-existing schedule of charges without NERES.
Oxera konkluderede følgelig, at Wizz Air betalte en markedspris i Dortmund lufthavn, og at aftalen mellem lufthavnen og luftfartsselskabet er i overensstemmelse med det markedsøkonomiske princip.
According to these scenarios, non-aviation revenues would have been higher, if NERES were applied.
Oxera medtog i sin analyse merindtægter fra luftfart og andre aktiviteter samt meromkostninger pr. passager.
According to EasyJet, FD took into account costs which go beyond the incremental costs in its initial business plan for NERES.
Oxera medregnede luftfartsindtægterne fra lufthavnsafgifterne fratrukket de relevante rabatter på grundlag af følgende aftaler mellem Wizz Air og FD):
EasyJet pointed out that the airport charges together with the non-aeronautical revenues were capable of covering all costs stemming from the arrangements between airlines and the airport, with a reasonable profit margin on the basis of sound medium-term prospects.
Aftalen om lufthavnstjenester mellem FD og Wizz Air af 1. juli 2009: Aftalen om lufthavnstjenester omhandler de lufthavnsafgifter, som Wizz Air skulle betale.
Therefore, according to EasyJet, NERES was likely to cause a substantial increase in passenger numbers, and hence, also in non-aviation revenues.
Afgifterne omfattede en […] afgift pr. afrejsende passager, en afgift for […] pr. afrejsende passager ([…] afgift), en […] afgift pr. afrejsende passager, […] pr. afrejsende passager og en […] afgift pr. afrejsende passager.
EasyJet pointed out furthermore that the predicted increase of passengers by 2014 was realistic because experience showed that in the years between 2004 and 2007 the airport's passenger numbers increased significantly due to the introduction of NERES.
Standardaftalen om groundhandling af 1. juli 2009: I denne aftale fastsættes handlingafgiften (som allerede er omfattet af aftalen om lufthavnstjenester) og handlingtjenesterne.
Table 21
Aftale om yderligere flyvninger og markedsføringsstøtte af 10. december 2009: FD og Wizz Air indgik aftale om, at FD skulle medfinansiere yderligere flyvninger gennem et markedsføringsbidrag.
Increase of passengers since the introduction of NERES (provided by EasyJet)
Tillæg vedrørende vinterlikviditetsstøtte af 1. juli 2010: Dette tillæg vedrørte støtte til Wizz Air med forbehold af en stigning på […] % i antallet af passagerer i vintersæsonen 2010 fra år til år.
Total passenger numbers
Incitamentssystemet for passagerudvikling (tillæg 6) af 1. oktober 2010: Dette tillæg etablerede en rabat for hver passager i perioden mellem den 1. oktober 2010 og den 30. september 2011, som oversteg antallet af afrejsende passagerer […] og stigningen i […] afgiften i samme periode.
EasyJet's passenger numbers
Tillæg vedrørende lufthavnsafgifter af 6. juni 2011: I henhold til dette tillæg skal FD godtgøre Wizz Air forskellen mellem […].
Approx.
Incitamentssystemet i litra f) ophørte den 31. maj 2011.
1050000
Ændring af aftalen om lufthavnstjenester af 1. oktober 2011: Heri ændres visse afgifter, men ændringen berører ikke den samlede afgift, der er fastsat ovenfor.
EasyJet argued that in 2004 the operator would have had no reason to be pessimistic regarding the potential of passenger number growth since the airport had an important catchment area, which is the Ruhr region with over 10 million inhabitants and EasyJet was determined to open a base at the airport.
Oxera anslog indtægterne fra andre aktiviteter end luftfart (f.eks. vedrørende bilparkering, biludlejning og anden udlejning vedrørende genoprettelse) på grundlag FD's forretningsplan.
The series of circumstances that occurred since 2008, namely the raise of oil prices, the financial crisis and the local authorities refusing night flights, could not have been foreseen.
På grundlag af FD's forretningsplan medtog Oxera meromkostningerne til markedsføring samt incitament- og likviditetsstøtte, der følger af de aftaler, der er anført i betragtning 151, litra a)-h), i analysen.
EasyJet stated that these were the reasons why it had to reduce its operations despite the initial optimism.
Oxera medtog desuden et estimat af de yderligere omkostninger, der fremgik af forretningsplanen for lufthavnen, f.eks. omkostninger til personale, materialeomkostninger og andre driftsomkostninger, der er specifikke for Wizz Air.
However, EasyJet argued that these circumstances could not have been predicted, and therefore, a MEO with the knowledge of 2004 would have had no reason to be less optimistic than the airport had been regarding the passenger traffic growth perspectives.
Ifølge Oxera er der udført en regressionsanalyse for at vurdere den andel af de samlede omkostninger, der kan tilskrives aftalen.
Considering the sensitivity of low-cost passengers to an increase of parking charges, EasyJet disagreed with the Commission's doubts.
På dette grundlag kan det ifølge Oxera afgøres, hvilken andel af omkostningerne der er fast, og hvilken andel der varierer afhængigt af passagertallet.
According to EasyJet there would be no reason to consider that a passenger who saves on the price of a plane ticket is so sensitive about moderate increases in parking charges that he will automatically start travelling only by public transportation means.
Oxera anslog, at følgende omkostninger varierer med passagertallet:
Finally, EasyJet stated that in light of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines, the focus should be on whether the airport charges and the related additional non-aviation revenues generated due to the application of NERES were sufficient to cover the incremental costs with a reasonable profit margin.
personaleomkostningerne stiger med ca. […] EUR for hver yderligere afrejsende passager
Therefore, costs falling within the public policy remit should be excluded and the relevant time frame for the calculation should be 10 years.
materialeomkostningerne stiger med ca. […] EUR for hver yderligere afrejsende passager
EasyJet concludes that the NERES incentives would satisfy the conditions of the MEO principle.
andre driftsomkostninger [27] stiger med ca. […] EUR for hver yderligere afrejsende passager.
DISTRICT OF PADERBORN
Disse omkostninger er gennemsnit på tværs af hele lufthavnen og alle dens luftfartsselskaber, og Oxera fordelte dem efterfølgende til Wizz Air på grundlag af dette selskabs andel af passagerafgangene.
Together with Soest, which now is the district of Lippstadt, the district of Paderborn established the Paderborn/Lippstadt airport.
Oxera anslog desuden meromkostninger til investeringer baseret på en investeringsplan for perioden 2009-2019 samt de faktiske investeringer fra 2004-2008, hvor også Wizz Air havde aktiviteter i Dortmund lufthavn.
In its comment the district of Paderborn mainly concentrated on the fact that Dortmund airport distorted competition by being only 95 km away from the Paderborn/Lippstadt airport.
Investeringer inden Wizz Airs etablering i lufthavnen blev anset for irreversible omkostninger (»sunk costs«), som derfor ikke var tilknyttet aftalen.
It is claimed that Paderborn/Lippstadt airport is the only German regional airport with a positive balance sheet and making profit, but is suffering from the fact that Dortmund airport and Kassel Calden airport are being financed mainly through State aid.
Ifølge Oxera kan investeringsomkostningerne ikke tildeles kunderne i investeringsåret, men skal spredes over investeringens levetid.
The District of Paderborn furthermore claimed that the take-off airport charges and the charges for ground handling services covered only […] % of FD's costs.
Oxera medregnede derfor de årlige afskrivningsomkostninger og omkostninger til finansiering af den omhandlede investering.
Air France argued that NERES was discriminatory in favour of low-cost airlines and that the measures were not limited.
De samlede årlige omkostninger til nye investeringer blev tildelt Wizz Airs passagerandel af lufthavnens passagerkapacitet på 2,5 mio. passagerer som anført af FD.
Air France claimed that since NERES benefits routes which are similar and in competition to the neighbouring Düsseldorf Airport (such as Alicante, Barcelona, Budapest, London, Malaga, Nice, Palma, Prague, Rome, Thessalonica), it cannot be deemed compatible with the internal market as start-up aid for development of new routes.
Dette var ifølge Oxera et meget konservativt estimat, eftersom ikke alle de omhandlede investeringer skyldtes Wizz Airs tilstedeværelse, som f.eks. udvidelsen af landingsbanen, som oprindeligt var planlagt for 2014.
THE ASSOCIATION OF EUROPEAN AIRLINES
Tabel 22
According to the Association of European Airlines, it seemed that NERES favoured specific airlines and low-cost business models and that the scheme did not meet the conditions for granting start-up aid.
Forventede merindtægter og -omkostninger ved Wizz Airs tilstedeværelse (mio. EUR)
INDUSTRIE- UND HANDELSKAMMER ZU DORTMUND (‘IHK’)
Kilde: Oxera på grundlag af FD's data.
The IHK emphasised the necessity to introduce low-cost airlines at Dortmund airport since the region had to focus on aviation business after the structural change from steel to service industry.
Bemærk: Tallene for 2009 og 2014 står i forhold til aftalernes løbetid.
According to the IHK, difficulties arose only when Lufthansa became a shareholder of Eurowings AG and changed flight routes from Dortmund airport, which therefore lost its main customer.
Luftfartsindtægter
The IHK claimed that Dortmund airport was the only airport specialised in low-cost traffic in the region surrounding the city of Dortmund and that its charges were not unusually low in this segment.
Indtægter fra andre aktiviteter end luftfart
So according to the IHK, in this region NERES did not affect competition.
Meromkostninger til drift
IHK also argued that the 1991 PLTA between FD and DSW21 was legitimate because during the structural change in the region, the development of the airport had positive effects on economy and population.
Meromkostninger til investeringer
Therefore, the 1991 PLTA served the general economic interest of the region.
Markedsføringsstøtte (engangsbeløb)
(‘VVW’)
Bidrag til gradvist stigende rentabilitet
According to VVW, a MEO would also have decided for the investments at Dortmund airport because the period of initial losses was expected and acceptable in the context of managing airport infrastructure.
Oxera beregnede det gradvist stigende bidrag af Wizz Airs tilstedeværelse som forskellen mellem merindtægterne og meromkostningerne.
Furthermore, VVW argued that because at the time of the investment decision it was commonly accepted that financing of airport infrastructure does not constitute State aid, the possible aid could not be considered to be unlawful.
Endelig konkluderede Oxera, at aftalerne mellem Wizz Air og FD og NEO-ordningen bidrog til lufthavnens rentabilitet ud fra en forhåndsvurdering.
VVW furthermore stated that FD was not competing with the surrounding airports Düsseldorf (which would not even have any more capacities for EasyJet), Münster/Osnabrück and Paderborn/Lippstadt (which both did not serve low-cost airlines).
Ifølge Oxera førte aftalerne til en anslået positiv nettonutidsværdi på ca. [300000-400000] EUR over deres løbetid (2009-2014), og en privat investor ville derfor have været villig til at indgå lignende aftaler med Wizz Air.
So according to VVW, the internal market was not affected by NERES.
Kreis Paderborn, ejeren af Paderborn lufthavn, anførte, at muligheden i retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2014 for at yde yderligere driftsstøtte til underskudsgivende lufthavne i endnu ti år giver disse lufthavne en uberettiget fordel sammenlignet med rentable lufthavne.
COMMENTS FROM PRIVATE PARTIES
PRIVATE PARTER
Private parties also submitted comments in the State aid procedure concerning Dortmund airport and NERES.
Flere privatpersoner indgav deres bemærkninger i forbindelse med proceduren og anførte, at den offentlige støtte til lufthavnen udgjorde statsstøtte, og at NEO ikke opfyldte markedsbetingelserne.
They claimed that no MEO would adopt the measures taken at Dortmund airport because in fact the economic situation did not improve.
KOMMENTARER FRA TYSKLAND TIL BEMÆRKNINGERNE FRA TREDJEPARTER
They further stated that the submitted MEO test was deficient because it erroneously considered Dortmund airport as an international airport and the airport was not located as far from the city as the test claimed.
2007-ÅBNINGSAFGØRELSEN
These private parties also estimated that the financing covered more than the costs of public policy remit activities, such as fire protection and rescue services.
I sine kommentarer til bemærkningerne fra tredjeparter anførte Tyskland, at bemærkningerne i de fleste tilfælde støttede landets opfattelse, og Tyskland understregede derfor det faktum, at aftalen om overførsel af over- og underskud 1991 ikke kunne betegnes som statsstøtte.
Furthermore, the private parties argued that State aid was given through the city of Dortmund granting State guarantees for loans.
Tyskland påpegede igen, at aftalen om overførsel af over- og underskud 1991 svarede til historisk investeringsstøtte til infrastrukturen og under alle omstændigheder var forenelig med det indre marked.
Furthermore, the private parties dismissed the argument that the board of directors did not take part in developing NERES.
Dette blev støttet af FD, Verkehrsverband Westfalen e.V., IHK Dortmund, DSW21 og byen Dortmund.
As proof of the opposite, they provided minutes of a meeting during which the management submitted NERES to the supervisory board.
Ligesom FD anførte Tyskland, at aftalen om overførsel af over- og underskud 1991 mellem DSW21 og FD — såfremt Kommissionen konkluderede, at den skal anses for ulovlig statsstøtte — kun kan vurderes efter retningslinjerne for luftfart fra 2005 fra deres anvendelsesdato.
THE 2012 OPENING DECISION
Tyskland understregede desuden, at DSW21's finansiering skal anses for finansiering af en tjenesteydelse af almen økonomisk interesse (SGEI), for hvilke Kommissionen sædvanligvis indrømmede medlemsstaterne en bred skønsmargen.
DSW21 AND FD