natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De driftstab, som leverandørerne på det frie marked angiveligt pådrog sig, viser, at priserne på det frie marked i 2005, især for etårige kontrakter, som blev opfyldt, forblev tæt på de regulerede takster, og at de regulerede takster således ikke gav en reel økonomisk fordel sammenlignet med de faktiske priser på det frie marked.
Undertaking from Spain
Det betyder f.eks., at to hypotetiske industrikunder, hvoraf den ene køber el under en etårig elforsyningskontrakt på det frie marked fra januar til december 2005, og den anden køber el til regulerede takster i samme periode, alt andet lige havde de samme elomkostninger.
As noted in recitals 25 and 26, the deficit generated in 2005 is being repaid in annual instalments, which yield an interest rate set at the Euribor rate, without any spread.
Den faktiske eller potentielle konkurrence mellem industrikunder, der købte el på det frie marked og det regulerede marked, kunne ikke fordreje de regulerede takster.
The increase will be determined in proportion to the contribution to the 2005 deficit of business users which are the subject of the current proceedings, and which were supplied at integral regulated tariffs.
Som det fremhæves af visse tredjeparter, er de niveauer af regulerede takster, der gøres indvendinger imod i indledningsafgørelsen, ikke takster, men gennemsnitspriser efter fradrag af rabatter.
The relevant amount will be charged to business users as follows:
Uden rabatter beløb de grundlæggende takstniveauer fastsat ved anordning 2392/2004 (tabel 1) sig faktisk til henholdsvis 56,12 EUR/MWh (3.4-taksten) og 25,44 EUR/MWh (G4-taksten).
as regards the annual instalments of the part of the 2005 deficit which has already been repaid, a one-off increase in access tariffs will be applied;
I den henseende dokumenterede den formelle undersøgelse, at de regulerede takster for industrikunder, som var nævnt i indledningsafgørelsen, lå på markedsniveauet for hele periode mellem januar og december 2005, som vist i det følgende:
as regards the amounts still to be reimbursed, the higher interest rate will be applied directly to each annual amount, again in the form of higher access tariffs.
Med en markedsføringsmargen under den gennemsnitlige margen på 10 EUR, som blev lagt til i indledningsafgørelsen, resulterede denne markedspris i en leveringsomkostning, der lå tæt på de 25,44 EUR/MWh for den laveste regulerede takst (G4-taksten) (23,9 EUR/MWh af den gennemsnitlige efterfølgende fastsatte pris).
PRESENCE OF STATE AID PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 107(1) OF THE TFEU
Når de objektive forskelle vedrørende levering i henhold til den regulerede takst tages i betragtning, f.eks. forsyningsmængder, der er 9,7 gange højere, investeringer i kontroludstyr og betalingsfrister, har den kendsgerning, at den regulerede takst var lavere, tilsyneladende ikke givet støttemodtagerne en uberettiget økonomisk fordel.
A measure constitutes state aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU if the following conditions are met:
Yderligere rabatter i forbindelse med regulerede takster for efterspørgselsstyring (f.eks. belastningsudligning og afbrydelig forsyning) gjorde det muligt for kunderne at opnå endnu lavere priser på det regulerede marked [22].
the measure (a) confers an economic advantage on the beneficiary; (b) is granted by the State or through state resources; (c) is selective;
Disse rabatter, som ikke specifikt er omhandlet i indledningsafgørelsen, betalte for værdifulde tjenesteydelser på efterspørgselssiden til nettet, som krævede justeringer, investeringer eller begrænsninger indført i forretningsmæssige eller industrielle processer.
has an impact on intra-Community trade and is liable to distort competition within the EU.
Fordelene ved disse tjenester med hensyn til forsyningssikkerhed er anerkendt i EU-lovgivningen.
Undertakings are favoured within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the TFEU if they obtain an economic advantage which they could not otherwise obtain under market conditions.
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2005/89/EF af 18. januar 2006 om foranstaltninger til fremme af elforsyningssikkerhed og infrastrukturinvesteringer [23] kræver, at medlemsstaterne indfører efterspørgselsstyringsteknologier og træffer foranstaltninger for at fjerne hindringer for anvendelse af afbrydelige kontrakter for at opretholde balancen mellem udbud og efterspørgsel.
In the case at hand, the assessment must establish, having regard also to the repayment of the 2005 deficit of the electricity system, whether there was any positive difference between the regulated tariffs set in 2005 and the market prices that the potential beneficiaries would have had to pay for the electricity purchased and the services supplied under their tariff regime.
Disse tjenester supplerer og erstatter i nogle tilfælde andre reguleringsmetoder, som netoperatøren anvender til at garantere, at efterspørgslen efter elektricitet fra nettet svarer til forsyningen, med henblik på at undgå strømafbrydelser og blackouts, der er socialt og økonomisk belastende, og som kan udløse sanktioner og erstatningsansvar.
Any advantage with respect to market conditions must be established by reference to actual market prices.
I Spaniens tilfælde betyder de begrænsede sammenkoblingsmuligheder med andre medlemsstater og den betydelige penetration af intermitterede elforsyning fra vedvarende energikilder, at disse tjenester var særligt værdifulde.
Both matters, i.e. the existence of positive differences — or the absence thereof — between electricity pool prices, market prices and regulated tariffs, and the repayment of the deficit, are examined in turn below.
Deres økonomiske værdi og de omkostninger, der kan undgås i elsystemet, kan illustreres gennem de omkostninger, som den spanske netoperatør Red Eléctrica de España har i forbindelse med køb af balanceudlignende tjenester.
Comparison with electricity pool average prices
I 2005 betalte Red Eléctrica de España i gennemsnit 65 EUR/MWh for sekundære reguleringstjenester med det formål at øge energien (tilførsel af yderligere energi på linjen i mellem 15 sekunder og 15 minutter for at skabe balance på nettet).
The average prices of the electricity pool provide an indication of general price levels in the wholesale market.
For tertiær udligning af energistigninger (tilførsel af yderligere energi på linjen i mellem 15 minutter og to timer for at genoprette den sekundære reguleringsenergireserve) var gennemsnitsprisen i 2005 78 EUR/MWh og gik helt op til 600 EUR/MWh [24].
This average reference price was EUR 59,47 MWh in 2005, for the entire year.
Ved at udligne efterspørgslen og fjerne den fra spidsbelastningsperioderne (belastningsudligning) eller ved at levere kapacitet til at reducere den i kritiske situationer (afbrydelig forsyning) er rabatterne på de relevante regulerede takster (f.eks. omkring 32 EUR/MWh på 3.4-taksten) tilsyneladende økonomisk fornuftige.
As indicated and illustrated in recital 19 (Graph 1), in seven non-consecutive months in 2005 average wholesale prices were above the electricity prices implicit in the integral regulated tariffs applied to all end-users.
Hvis der ikke var sådanne rabatter for efterspørgselsstyring, ville de regulerede takster for kunder på højspændingsnettet (1.4- og 2.4-takst) være meget højere (mellem 58 og 61 EUR/MWh for grundtaksten og 76,2 EUR/MWh for den faktiske gennemsnitspris).
Therefore, the average tariff level set by Decree 2392/2004 appears to have given rise to a positive difference in favour of all the end-users which opted for regulated tariffs, at least for the majority of months in 2005.
I forhold til forward-markedspriserne på 31,05 EUR/MWh for perioden mellem januar og december 2005 kan det ikke vurderes, at markedspriserne var højere end de regulerede takster, der gjaldt for langt de fleste industri- og virksomhedskunder med stort forbrug.
However, in monthly periods of less than a year, this difference did not arise during the five months between January and May 2005.
Selv om priserne i elpuljen ikke er et hensigtsmæssigt benchmark ved sammenligning med de elpriser, som store industri- og virksomhedskunder betalte, var de faktiske markedspriser, der blev betalt af slutkunder på regulerede takster i 2005, i overensstemmelse med niveauerne for de pågældende regulerede takster.
There was therefore no advantage for the entire regulated tariff system.
KONKLUSION
Furthermore, if the comparison is made between periods of more than one year, e.g. until 30 December 2007, the possible accumulated advantage from June 2005 is more than cancelled out by the decrease in average pool prices, which fell sharply to EUR 37/MWh in March 2007, while the prices implicit in the integral regulated tariffs were around EUR 68/MWh during the same period.
På baggrund af ovennævnte overvejelser finder Kommissionen det for det første godtgjort, at de virksomheder, der fik leveret el til regulerede integrerede takster, ikke opnåede fordele ved niveauet af disse takster, og for det andet, at en passende rente i overensstemmelse med Spaniens tilsagn om at ændre foranstaltningen vil blive pålagt visse virksomheder for deres forsinkede betaling af deres elregninger i 2005.
In fact, from October 2006 the electricity prices implicit in integral tariffs were much higher than wholesale supply prices (see Graph 1).
Den undersøgte foranstaltning giver derfor ikke virksomhedskunderne en økonomisk fordel.
Consequently, the benefits and economic advantages to consumers which were supplied at regulated tariffs, where pool prices are higher than the implicit cost of electricity in the regulated tariffs, may be cancelled out when pool prices are lower than the implicit cost of electricity.
Eftersom kriterierne i artikel 107, stk. 1, TEUF er kumulative, er der ikke behov for at undersøge, om de øvrige kriterier er opfyldt.
It follows that, both in monthly periods of less than one year in 2005 and two-year periods encompassing part of 2005, the energy prices implicit in the regulated tariffs applicable in 2005 do not appear to have provided an advantage to the group of consumers supplied at regulated tariffs, when compared with the electricity pool wholesale prices.
Med hensyn til de foranstaltninger, som Spanien har indført for at inddrive slutkundernes gæld til elsystemet, konkluderer Kommissionen derfor, at det system af regulerede takster, der blev indført i 2005, ikke indebar overførsel af statsmidler som defineret i artikel 107, stk. 1, TEUF.
However, the fact is that revenue from access charges and regulated tariffs paid in respect of the whole electricity system were not sufficient to cover the regulated costs of the system in 2005.
Artikel 1
As described in recitals 15 and 20-22 above, the accounts of the electricity system in 2005 encompassed all the regulated costs and regulated revenues of the system without assigning specific revenues to specific costs.
Systemet af regulerede takster, som Kongeriget Spanien gennemførte i 2005, udgør ikke statsstøtte som defineret i artikel 107, stk. 1, i traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde.
For instance, transport and distribution costs (EUR 4410 million) or cogeneration and renewable energy support costs (EUR 2701 million) were not divided between, respectively, regulated revenues from integral tariffs in the regulated market and/or revenues from regulated access charges in the free market, and were not financed differentiating between these two types of revenue.
Artikel 2
In fact, all the system users receive a profit and can be expected to cover costs of support for efficient forms of cogeneration and renewable energy, or transport and distribution services.
Denne afgørelse er rettet til Kongeriget Spanien.
In this system of non-cumulative costs for each tariff, it is impossible ex post to objectively assign the distribution of costs to free market users and users at regulated tariffs and, within the latter category, to the 25 different tariff steps applicable in 2005.
Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 4. februar 2014.
It follows that it is appropriate to examine the possible advantages, or absence thereof, of the 2005 deficit for the electricity system as a whole.
På Kommissionens vegne
In this respect, Spain has put in place a mechanism for recovering the whole of the 2005 deficit.
Næstformand
This is consistent with this universality of the accounts of the system applied during that period.
EUT C 43 af 27.2.2007, s. 9.
The shortfall in regulated revenues of the electricity system to cover the system costs was addressed through the injection of resources collected through the ‘specifically earmarked contribution’ provided for by Royal Decree 809/2006.
Se fodnote 1.
From mid-2006, recovery began through the application of a surcharge on the value of 1,378 % on integral regulated tariffs and 3,975 % on access charges and, thereafter, the surcharges needed to ensure that over 14,5 years ending in 2020, the EUR 3,8 billion plus interest is recovered (see recitals 25 and 26 above).
I henhold til artikel 12, stk. 2, i LSE blev eltakster i princippet fastsat én gang årligt, men kunne justeres i løbet af året.
It follows that the revenue from the special contribution earmarked for financing the 2005 deficit allows system users to pay electricity bills, with the increase needed to balance the 2005 system accounts ex post, with a significant time lag.
Kongeligt lovdekret 5/2005 af 11. marts 2005 om hastereformer for at fremme produktiviteten og forbedre offentlige indkøb.
Under these circumstances, the only debatable aspect of the method chosen in 2006 to repay the 2005 electricity system deficit and balance the accounts would be the low interest rate initially applied to the annual repayments, namely the Euribor reference rate without any spread.
Spaniens lovtidende 62, 14.3.2005, s. 8832.
As described in more detail in recitals 96 and 97, Spain has undertaken to increase the interest rate applicable to the business users which are the subject of the present proceedings.
Strandede omkostninger er tab, som etablerede elselskaber har pådraget sig som følge af investeringer, der blev foretaget før liberaliseringen, og som de ikke kunne få geninddrevet.
Spain undertakes to apply a spread of 65 basis points over the reference interest rate.
EUT L 176 af 15.7.2003, s. 37.
In addition, the application of a surcharge on the tariff means that the total amount recovered is, for each company, directly proportional to its electricity consumption.
I artikel 3, stk. 3, i elektricitetsdirektivet fastsættes følgende:
The more electricity consumed, the higher the surcharge.
»Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at alle privatkunder og, når medlemsstaterne anser det for hensigtsmæssigt, små virksomheder, nemlig virksomheder med under 50 ansatte og en årlig omsætning eller balance på højst 10 mio. EUR, omfattes af en forsyningspligt, dvs. har ret til at få leveret elektricitet af en bestemt kvalitet til rimelige, let og klart sammenlignelige og gennemsigtige priser på deres område.
Comparison with electricity market prices
Medlemsstaterne kan for at sikre forsyningspligt med henblik herpå udpege en forsyningspligtig leverandør.«
Secondly, as noted by some interested parties, prices recorded in the electricity pool are not adequate benchmarks for comparing the electricity prices paid by large consumers under regulated tariffs with market prices.
Céntrica selv opdelte kunderne i fem grupper.
Indeed, based on the evidence in the 2005 report of the electricity market operator OMEL, only seven end-users accounting for 5 % of demand were sourcing electricity directly from the pool, compared with hundreds of industrial and large business users.
Denne opdeling svarer ikke til den opdeling efter regulerede takster, der er fastsat i den årlige anordning om takster omhandlet i betragtning 17.
Industrial and other large consumers, in particular energy-intensive consumers for whom energy accounts for a sizeable proportion of their production costs (typically 30-40 % for aluminium production) require and obtain predictable price and supply conditions.
Se bilag A, punkt b) og c), til elektricitetsdirektivet.
These conditions are established in contracts with longer terms than day-ahead.
Generaladvokat Jacobs forslag til afgørelse i forenede sager C-261/01 og C-262/01, Van Calster, præmis 41.
The prices quoted hourly on a day-ahead market such as the electricity pool are illustrative of average market prices for suppliers serving a varied portfolio of customers, including households.
Domstolens dom i forenede sager C-261/01, Van Calster, ibid., præmis 49 og 50).
They are, however, not adequate benchmarks for determining the prices which energy-intensive users should pay in the free market under contracts with longer terms than day-ahead.
Kommissionens beslutning af 25. juli 2001, statsstøtte N 49/99 — Spanien.
Contrary to the opinion given in the opening decision, the investigation has shown that regulated tariffs lower than average pool prices do not necessarily imply an advantage over market conditions for industrial users, since the pool prices are not market prices for most of these users.
Overgangsordning for elmarkedet.
This dispels the doubts raised in this connection.
Kommissionens brev til Det Forenede Kongerige af 27. februar 2002 (statsstøtte N 661/99).
Moreover, in Spain, the option of switching to the free market was not irreversible in 2005.
EFT L 83 af 27.3.1999, s. 1.
Consumers were constantly able to choose between the most attractive offers in the regulated and free markets, which led to a degree of price convergence.
Castro Rodriguez, F. (1999), Wright takster in the Spanish electricity industry, The case of residential consumption, Utilities Policy, s. 17-31.
The reversibility of supply options tends necessarily to depress retail market prices in situations of wholesale price-hikes like those in Spain from April 2005, whereas the opposite incentive to increase free market prices to bring them closer to the highest regulated tariff levels appears when the situation is reversed.
Domstolens dom i forenede sager C-72/91 og C-73/91, præmis 21:
As confirmed by the association of independent suppliers (recitals 42-49), in 2005 suppliers in the free market had to honour their contracts or terminate them unilaterally, if this was possible, or else renegotiate their prices and adjust them upwards, taking the risk that their customers might switch to the regulated market.
»Den pågældende ordning tilsigter ikke ved sit formål eller sin opbygning at skabe en fordel, der udgør en supplerende byrde for staten«.
The operating losses that the free market suppliers claim to have incurred indicate that prices in the free market in 2005, especially for one-year contracts which were honoured, remained close to the respective regulated tariff levels, and, accordingly, that regulated tariffs did not de facto confer an economic advantage compared with actual prices in the free market.
Hovedkilden til tallene i indledningsafgørelsen er CNE-rapporten:
This implies, therefore, that two hypothetical competing industrial users, one operating under a free market-based one-year electricity supply contract from January to December 2005 and the other obtaining supplies at regulated tariffs in the same period faced, all other things being equal, similar electricity costs.
»El Consumo Eléctrico en el Mercado Peninsular en el Año 2005', 25.7.2006, afsnit 2.
In fact, the only effect that the level of the regulated tariffs had on prices in the free market in 2005 was to confer on free-market users the indirect benefit of limiting price increases, even assuming that these increases were contractually possible during the year or, in the longer term, in the whole of 2005.
For store industrikunder (afbrydelig forsyning og THP) giver betydelig belastningsudligning med forsyning uden for spidsbelastningsperioder, som kræver justering af produktionsprocesserne, mulighed for store rabatter på selve taksten.«
The actual or potential competition between industrial users obtaining electricity in the free and regulated markets could not distort regulated tariffs.
EUT L 33 af 4.2.2006, s. 22;
Thirdly, in its opening decision, the Commission referred in particular to the low regulated tariff levels of EUR 23,9/MWh and EUR 27,0/MWh, applied in 2005 to large industrial consumers (G4 tariff) and to large industrial consumers with interruptible supply (e.g. 3,4 tariff), respectively, as shown in Table 3 in recital 30 above.
se artikel 3, stk. 3, litra c), og artikel 5, stk. 2, litra b).
As pointed out by certain third parties, the levels of regulated tariffs objected to in the opening decision are not tariffs but average prices after discounts.
El Sistema Eléctrico Español 2005, s. 54 og 55, Red Eléctrica de España.
Without discounts, the basic tariff levels actually laid down in Decree 2392/2004 shown in Table 1 were, respectively, EUR 56,12/MWh (3,4 tariff) and EUR 25,44/MWh (G4 tariff).
om statsstøtte SA.21817 (C 3/07) (ex NN 66/06) gennemført af Spanien
In this respect, the formal investigation provided evidence that the regulated tariffs applicable to industrial users mentioned in the opening decision were at the level of the market prices applicable for the whole period between January and December 2005, as is shown below:
Spanske eltakster:
Firstly, evidence has been provided that there were bilateral market prices of EUR 34,45/MWh which were applied to energy-intensive users in the free market in 2005 (recitals 55-57).
slutkunder
With a marketing margin lower than the average EUR 10 margin added in the decision opening the formal investigation, this market price shows a supply cost close to EUR 25,44/MWh of the lowest (G4) regulated tariff (EUR 23,9/MWh of average ex-post price).
Ved brev af 15. maj og 6. juli 2007 videresendte Kommissionen de interesserede parters bemærkninger til de spanske myndigheder, som fik lejlighed til at reagere.
When account is taken of objective differences concerning supply under the regulated tariff, such as supply volumes 9,7 times higher, investment in control equipment and payment time limits, the fact that the regulated tariff was lower does not appear to have conferred any undue economic advantage on the beneficiaries.
Deres bemærkninger blev modtaget ved brev af 2. august 2007.
Secondly, the evidence available shows that in December 2004 one-year contracts on baseload supply, based on forward market prices of EUR 31,05/MWh, could be concluded for supply between January and December 2005.
Spanien bekendtgjorde, at denne nye lov og de tilhørende gennemførelsesbestemmelser ville træde i kraft i løbet af 2014.
A final market price (with additional services and access tariff) of EUR 36,67/MWh, which is lower than the relevant basic tariff level (tariff 3,4), was available for interruptible industrial users with strong load modulation (see recitals 16, 18 and 58 above).
Nedenfor vises en oversigt over nogle af de grundlæggende integrerede takster for det laveste takstniveau i de kategorier, der er anført ovenfor (dvs. op til 145 kV) gældende fra den 1. januar 2005:
Additional discounts available under regulated tariffs for demand management (e.g. load modulation, interruptibility) allowed for lower average prices in the regulated market for the users providing these services [22].
Det modsatte gjorde sig dog gældende fra oktober 2007 til december 2007:
These discounts, which were not specifically addressed in the opening decision, remunerated valuable demand-side services to the network, which required adjustments, investments or restrictions imposed in commercial or industrial processes.
I denne periode på 14 måneder faldt de gennemsnitlige engrospriser drastisk til under de energipriser, der indgik i de gennemsnitlige regulerede integrerede takster, og oversteg den forskel, der blev observeret i de syv måneder i 2005, hvor engrospriserne lå over dem, der indgik i de integrerede takster.
Load modulation requires energy-intensive industrial or commercial processes to be carried out in off-peak rather than peak periods in order to reduce consumption and voltage in the electricity network.