natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kinas lov om videnskabelige og teknologiske fremskridt (bekendtgørelse nr. 82 udstedt af Kinas præsident), fastlægger, at staten tilskynder til og vejleder finansielle institutioner til at støtte udviklingen af højteknologi og ny teknologi ved at yde lån, og at de politiskstyrede finansielle institutioner skal prioritere udvikling af højteknologi og ny teknologi [62].
The Law of the PRC on Scientific and Technological Progress (Order N.82 of the President of the PRC) defines that the state shall encourage and give guidance to financial institutions to support the development of high and new technology industries by granting loans and that the policy-oriented financial institutions shall give priority to the development of high and new technology industries [62].
Ifølge samme lov tilbyder politisk styrede finansielle institutioner inden for rammerne af deres forretninger særlig støtte til virksomheders projekter for uafhængig innovation, som tilskyndes af staten [63].
According to the same law the policy-oriented financial institutions shall, within the scope of their business, offer special aid to enterprises' projects of independent innovation encouraged by state [63].
Desuden er ovennævnte begrænsninger i fastsættelsen af den kinesiske nationalbanks rentesatser (betragtning 164 og 165) også bindende for privatejede forretningsbanker.
Further the above-mentioned limitation on the setting of interest rates by the PBOC (recitals (164) and (165)) is also binding for privately –owned commercial banks.
Ovenstående citater fra love og bestemmelser af relevans for banksektoren viser, at den kinesiske regerings politik om at yde lån på favorable vilkår til solcelleindustrien ligeledes gælder privatejede forretningsbanker, og at den kinesiske regering rent faktisk instruerer dem i at »udøve deres låneaktiviteter i henhold til nationaløkonomiens og samfundsudviklingens behov og i samme ånd som statens industripolitikker« [64].
The above citations from laws and regulations relevant for the banking sector show that the GOC policy to provide preferential lending to the photovoltaic industry extends also to privately-owned commercial banks and in fact the GOC instructs them to ‘carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and with the spirit of state industrial policies’ [64].
Kommissionen anmodede om relevante oplysninger fra den kinesiske regering for at kunne vurdere, hvordan bankerne i Kina foretager en vurdering af kreditrisikoen for producenterne af solcellepaneler, inden de beslutter, hvorvidt de vil yde dem lån, og træffer beslutning om lånebetingelserne. I tillæg A til spørgeskemaet bad Kommissionen om oplysninger om, hvordan bankerne tager hensyn til risikoen, når de yder lån, hvordan låntagers kreditværdighed vurderes, hvilke risikopræmier banken opkræver for forskellige virksomheder/industrier i Kina, hvilke faktorer banken tager hensyn til ved vurderingen af låneansøgningen, en beskrivelse af låneansøgningen og godkendelsesprocessen osv.
The Commission requested relevant information from the GOC in order to assess how the banks in the PRC are performing credit risk assessment of the PV companies before deciding whether to grant them loans or not and deciding on the conditions of the loans which are granted.
Men hverken den kinesiske regering eller de enkelte banker, der identificeres i spørgeskemaet, fremlagde dokumentation om dette (med en undtagelse som omtalt i betragtning 176). Den kinesiske regering fremførte kun svar af generel karakter, som ikke var underbygget af nogen form for dokumentation for, at der rent faktisk finder en kreditrisikovurdering sted.
In the Appendix A to the questionnaire the Commission requested information on how the banks take account of risk when granting loans, how the creditworthiness of the borrower is assessed, what are the risk premiums charged for different companies/industries in the PRC by the bank, which are the factors the bank takes into account when assessing the loan application, the description of the loan application and approval process etc. However, neither the GOC nor the individual banks identified in the questionnaire provided any evidence in this respect (with one exception referred to in recital (176) below. The GOC provided only replies of general nature not supported by any evidence whatsoever that any kind of credit risk assessment actually takes place.
Under kontrolbesøget i en af bankerne fik Kommissionen mulighed for at gennemgå en risikovurdering.
During the verifications of one of the banks the Commission was able to review one risk assessment.
En del af denne risikovurdering henviste til regeringens støtte til solenergivirksomheder og statslige planer om at fremme solcelleindustrien i almindelighed, og dette afspejledes positivt i kreditvurderingen af denne virksomhed.
Part of that credit risk assessment referred to government support for the solar companies and state plans to promote the photovoltaic industry in general and this fact was reflected positively in the credit rating awarded to this company.
Dette er et eksempel på, hvordan regeringens politik (og subsidier til en bestemt sektor) påvirker beslutningsprocessen i bankerne, når de træffer afgørelse om finansieringsvilkårene for solenergivirksomheder.
This is an example of how the government policy (and subsidies directed to a certain sector) influences the decision-making of the banks when deciding on the terms of financing to solar companies.
Kommissionen bad ligeledes om tilsvarende oplysninger fra de samarbejdsvillige eksporterende producenter og forsøgte at verificere dem ved kontrolbesøg på stedet hos de eksporterende producenter i stikprøven.
The Commission also requested similar information from the cooperating exporting producers and attempted to verify it during the on-spot verification visits of sampled exporting producers.
Hovedparten af de eksporterende producenter i stikprøven svarede, at bankerne anmoder om visse dokumenter og foretager en vis analyse af kreditrisikoen, inden lånene ydes.
Most of the exporting producers replied that banks request certain documents and perform some kind of credit risk analysis before the loans are granted.
Under kontrolbesøgene bad Kommissionen om bevis for, at bankerne bad om sådanne dokumenter, eller at virksomhederne fremsendte disse dokumenter til bankerne, eller at bankerne udfærdigede en rapport som bevis for, at man foretager disse analyser af kreditrisikoen.
During the on-spot verification, the Commission asked for the evidence that the banks requested such documents or that these documents were provided to the banks by the companies, or any kind of report issued by the banks proving that such credit risk analysis was performed.
Grupperne af eksporterende producenter i stikprøven kunne dog ikke fremlægge denne dokumentation og heller ingen anden dokumentation til støtte for deres påstande.
But the sampled groups of exporting producers were not able to provide such evidence, neither were they able to provide any other evidence supporting their claims.
Kommissionen anmodede gentagne gange de interesserede parter om oplysninger vedrørende risikovurdering, da sådanne anses for afgørende bl.a. i betragtning af de oplysninger, som er omhandlet i betragtning 167.
The information concerning credit risk assessment was repeatedly requested from interested parties as it is considered crucial inter alia account taken of the information referred to in recital (167) above.
I betragtning af ovenstående finder konklusionerne vedrørende risikovurdering i Kina anvendelse på statsejede forretningsbanker, privatejede forretningsbanker og politisk styrede banker.
In view of the above, the findings concerning the credit risk assessment in the PRC apply to state-owned commercial banks, privately owned commercial banks as well as to the policy banks.
Ovenstående fører til den konklusion, at private banker i Kina skal følge regeringens politik med hensyn til udlån, især til solcellesektoren, og handle på samme måde som statsejede banker, der betragtes som offentlige organer (jf. betragtning 168).
Indeed the above evidence leads to the conclusion that private banks in the PRC are required to follow government policies with regard to lending, in particular to the PV sector and to act in the same way as state-owned banks, which have been found in recital (168) to be public bodies.
Det konkluderes derfor, at den kinesiske regering pålægger private banker at udføre funktioner, der normalt udføres af staten, som omhandlet i grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv).
It is therefore concluded that private banks are entrusted and directed by the GOC to carry out functions normally vested in the government, within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Desuden viser ovennævnte, at selv om de statsejede banker ikke blev anset for at være offentlige organer, ville de også blive betragtet som underlagt og styret af den kinesiske regering til at udøve funktioner, der normalt udføres af staten, som omhandlet i grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv).
In addition, the above evidence demonstrates that even if the state-owned banks were not considered to be public bodies, they would also be considered as entrusted and directed by the GOC to carry out functions normally vested in the government, within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Fordrejninger af det kinesiske finansmarked
Distortions of Chinese financial market
Fra oplysninger, der er indsamlet i løbet af undersøgelsen, kan det konkluderes, at de statsejede bankers andel af det kinesiske marked udgør over to tredjedele.
From information collected throughout this investigation it can be concluded that the state-owned banks' share amounts to more than 2/3 of the Chinese market.
De fem største statsejede forretningsbanker (Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Bank of Communications og Industrial and Commercial Bank ) udgør mere end halvdelen af den kinesiske banksektor [65].
The five largest state-owned commercial banks (the Agricultural Bank, the Bank of China, the Construction Bank of China, the Bank of Communications and the Industrial and Commercial Bank ) represent more than half of the Chinese banking sector [65].
Desuden er China Development Bank og China Export-Import Bank 100 % statsejede.
In addition, the China Development Bank and the China Export-Import Banks are fully state-owned.
Disse syv banker ydede langt hovedparten af lånene til de otte stikprøveudvalgte eksporterende producenter af solpaneler.
These seven banks provided the big majority of loans to the eight sampled exporting producers in the Solar panel case.
Statens omsiggribende ejerskab kombineret med fordrejninger på det kinesiske finansmarked og den kinesiske regerings politik om at stille billig finansiering til rådighed for udvalgte industrier underminerer princippet om lige vilkår i den internationale handel og giver de kinesiske producenter en urimelig fordel.
This pervasive state-ownership combined with the distortions of the Chinese financial market and with the Chinese Government's policy to direct cheap money towards selected industries, undermines the level playing field in international trade and provides an unfair advantage to Chinese producers.
Bankerne i Kina kan ikke helt frit fastsætte lånevilkårene.
Banks in the PRC are not entirely free to decide the conditions of the loans.
Med hensyn til rentesatserne er de forpligtet til at holde sig inden for de grænser, som er fastsat af People's Bank of China (nationalbanken).
In respect of interest rates they are bound to stay within the limits set by the People's Bank of China (PBOC).
Disse begrænsninger og de lofter, der blev indført på indlånsområdet, skaber en situation, hvor bankerne har garanteret adgang til billig kapital (på grund af reguleringen af indlånsrenter) og er i stand til at yde lån til udvalgte industrier på gunstige vilkår.
These limits together with the ceilings imposed on deposit rates create a situation in which the banks have guaranteed access to cheap capital (because of the deposit rates regulation) and are able to lend this on at favourable rates to selected industries.
Bankerne er også underkastet retlige regler, som bl.a. forudsætter, at de udfører deres udlånsvirksomhed i henhold til behovene i den nationale økonomi [66], yder kreditstøtte til tilskyndede projekter [67] eller prioriterer udvikling af industrier med højteknologi og ny teknologi [68].
Banks are also subject to legal rules which require them, inter alia, to carry out their loan business according to the needs of national economy [66], provide credit support to encouraged projects [67] or give priority to the development of high and new technology industries [68].
Bankerne er forpligtede til at følge disse regler.
Banks are under obligation to follow these rules.
Ifølge de seneste konstateringer blev nogle store forretningsbanker i Kina indrømmet adgang til statens valutareserver [69].
According to recent findings some big commercial banks in the PRC were granted access to state foreign exchange reserves [69].
Dette reducerer betydeligt deres kapitalomkostninger, og den »billige kapital« anvendes til lån i USD eller EUR til udvalgte virksomheder og projekter i tråd med »going out« -politikken.
This significantly decreases their cost of capital and this ‘cheap money’ is used for USD and EUR loans for selected companies and projects in line with the ‘going out’ policy.
De er derfor i stand til at tilbyde vilkår, som normale forretningsbanker ikke kan matche.
Thus, they are able to offer conditions which normal commercial banks cannot match.
En anden væsentlig fordrejning i finansieringen af solcelleindustrien er den særligt privilegerede stilling, som China Development Bank (»CDB«) indtager; CDB er den vigtigste långiver til denne industri og ydede store mængder af andre lån og kreditlinjer til de stikprøveudvalgte eksporterende producenter.
Another major distortion in the financing of the photovoltaic industry is the special privileged position of the China Development Bank (‘CDB’) which is the major lender to this industry and provided big bulk of loans and credit lines to the sampled exporting producers.
CDB finansieres næsten udelukkende ved salg af obligationer snarere end ved indlån og er den næststørste obligationsudsteder i landet, næstefter finansministeriet.
The CDB is financed almost completely by bond sales rather than by deposits and it is, after the Ministry of Finance, the second biggest bond issuer in the country.
Med denne særlige mekanisme kan CDB finansiere sig selv billigt og følgelig tilbyde lån på præferencevilkår til udvalgte industrier [70].
Through this special mechanism the CDB is able to finance itself cheaply and subsequently is able to offer loans at preferential conditions to selected industries [70].
Lån på præferencevilkår
Preferential loans
Klageren påstod, at Kinas regering yder støtte til den kinesiske solcelleindustri gennem begunstigede lån og politisk styret kredit.
The complainant alleged that the GOC subsidizes its PV industry through preferential loans and directed credit.
Følgende love indeholder bestemmelser om begunstigede låneordninger i Kina: Kinas lov om forretningsbanker, almindelige regler for låneforretninger (der gennemføres af People's Bank of China), Statsrådets beslutning nr. 40 om udarbejdelse og gennemførelse af midlertidige bestemmelser om fremme af tilpasning af den industrielle struktur.
The following legal provisions provide for preferential lending in China: Law of the PRC on Commercial Banks, General Rules on Loans (implemented by the People's Bank of China), Decision No 40 of the of the State Council on Promulgating and Implementing the Temporary Provisions on Promoting the Industrial Structure Adjustment.
På grundlag af den samlede dokumentation konkluderes det, at størstedelen af lånene til de to grupper af eksporterende producenter i stikprøven stammer fra statsejede banker, der anses for at være offentlige organer, jf. betragtning 168, fordi de har fået overdraget statslig myndighed og udøver statslige funktioner.
Having regard to the totality of the evidence, it is concluded that the vast majority of loans to the sampled groups of exporting producers are provided by state-owned banks which have been found to be public bodies in recital (168) above, because they are vested with government authority and exercise government functions.
Der foreligger yderligere dokumentation for, at disse banker i praksis udøver statslig myndighed, da der, jf. betragtning 164, tydeligvis er tale om indgriben fra statens side (dvs. PBOC) i forretningsbankernes beslutninger om rentesatserne på lån til kinesiske virksomheder.
There is further evidence that these banks effectively exercise government authority since, as it is explained in recital (164), there is a clear intervention by the State (i.e. the PBOC) in the way commercial banks take decisions on interest rates for loans granted to Chinese companies.
At bankerne udøver statslig myndighed bekræftes ligeledes af, hvordan artikel 7 og 15 i generelle regler for låneforretninger (gennemført af PBOC), beslutning 40 og artikel 34 i loven om forretningsbanker fungerer med hensyn til gennemførelsen af statens industripolitikker.
The fact that banks exercise government authority is also confirmed by the way Articles 7 and 15 of the General Rules on Loans (implemented by the PBOC), Decision 40 and Article 34 of the Law on Commercial Banks act with respect to the fulfilment of the government industrial policies.
Der foreligger også en lang række indicier, der underbygges af objektive undersøgelser og rapporter, om, at der fortsat er tale om en høj grad af statslig indgriben i det kinesiske finanssystem som allerede forklaret i betragtning 172 og 178.
There is also a great deal of circumstantial evidence, supported by objective studies and reports, that a large amount of government intervention is still present in the Chinese financial system as already explained in recitals (172) and (178) above.
Endelig undlod den kinesiske regering at fremlægge oplysninger, som kunne have ført til en bedre forståelse af de statsejede bankers forbindelser med staten som forklaret i betragtning 139 og 140.
Finally, the GOC failed to provide information which would have enabled a greater understanding of the state-owned banks' relationship with government as explained in recitals (139) and (140).
Derfor konkluderer Kommissionen med hensyn til lån ydet af statsejede forretningsbanker i Kina, at der ydes økonomisk støtte til producenter i solcelleindustrien i form af direkte overførsler af midler fra staten, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. i).
Thus, in the case of loans provided by state-owned commercial banks in the PRC, the Commission concludes that there is a financial contribution to the PV producers in the form of a direct transfer of funds from the government within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(i) of the basic Regulation.
De samme indicier viser desuden, at staten overdrager det til og pålægger statsejede forretningsbanker (samt privatejede banker) at varetage disse funktioner, og dette betyder derfor, at der foreligger et finansielt bidrag, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv).
In addition, the same evidence shows that SOCBs (as well as privately owned banks) are entrusted or directed by the government and this consequently means that a financial contribution exists within the meaning of Article 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
I lyset af analysen i betragtning 169-178 fastslås det også, at den kinesiske regering overdrager det til og pålægger privatejede banker at yde lån til solcelleproducenter, og at der foreligger et finansielt bidrag, jf. grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. i), og artikel 3, stk. 1, litra a), nr. iv).
In view of the analysis in recitals (169) to (178) above, it is also determined that privately-owned banks are entrusted and directed by the GOC to provide loans to the PV producers and that a financial contribution exists under Articles 3(1)(a)(i) and 3(1)(a)(iv) of the basic Regulation.
Der foreligger en fordel i henhold til grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 2, og artikel 6, litra b), i den udstrækning, at de statslige lån eller lån fra private organer, der har fået overdraget statslige funktioner eller er under statslig kontrol, ydes på mere favorable betingelser, end låntageren ellers kunne opnå på markedet.
A benefit within the meaning of Articles 3(2) and 6(b) of the basic Regulation exists to the extent that the government loans, or loans from private bodies entrusted or directed by the government, are granted on terms more favourable than the recipient could actually obtain on the market.
Ikke-statslige lån i Kina er ikke en egnet markedsreference, da det er blevet fastslået, at privatejede banker er pålagt statslige funktioner af den kinesiske regering under direkte statslig kontrol og derfor antages at følge de statsejede bankers udlånspraksis.
Non-government loans in the PRC do not provide an appropriate market benchmark, since it has been established that privately-owned banks are entrusted and directed by the GOC and therefore be presumed to follow the lending practices of the state-owned banks.
Referencesatserne er derfor blevet beregnet ud fra metoden i betragtning 198-200.
Therefore, benchmarks have been constructed using the method described in recitals (198) — (200) below.
Brugen af denne referencesats viser, at der ydes lån til solcelleindustrien på betingelser, der ligger under markedsvilkår og -betingelser.
Use of this benchmark demonstrates that loans are granted to the PV sector at below-market terms and conditions.
Det fremgår klart af ovenstående, at beslutning nr. 40 indeholder bindende regler for alle økonomiske institutioner i form af bestemmelser vedrørende fremme af og støtte til tilskyndede industrier, herunder solcelleindustrien
It is clear from the above that Decision No 40 provides binding rules to all the economic institutions in the form of directives on the promotion and support of encouraged industries, one of which is the PV industry.
Som forklaret i betragtning 172 indrømmer den kinesiske regering direkte begunstigede låneordninger til et begrænset antal industrier, og solcelleindustrien er en af dem.
As explained in recital (172) above the GOC directs preferential lending to the limited number of industries and the PV industry is one of them.
Under hensyntagen til alle ovenstående bemærkninger fremgår det klart, at myndighederne kun tillader de finansielle institutioner at yde lån på favorable vilkår til et begrænset antal erhvervsgrene/virksomheder, der følger den kinesiske regerings udviklingspolitikker.
Taking all the above into consideration it becomes clear that the authorities only allow the financial institutions to provide preferential loans to a limited number of industries/companies which comply with the relevant policies of the GOC.
På grundlag af dokumentationen i sagen og som følge af den kinesiske regerings manglende samarbejdsvilje i dette spørgsmål konkluderes det, at subsidierne i form af lån på favorable vilkår ikke er almindeligt tilgængelige og dermed er specifikke, jf. grundforordningens artikel 4, stk. 2, litra a).
On the basis of the evidence on the file and in the absence of the cooperation from the GOC on this matter it is concluded that the subsidies in form of preferential lending are not generally available and are therefore specific in the meaning of Article 4(2)(a) of the basic Regulation.
Desuden fremlagde ingen af de interesserede parter dokumentation for, at subsidierne er baseret på objektive kriterier eller betingelser, jf. grundforordningens artikel 4, stk. 2, litra b).
Moreover, there was no evidence submitted by any of the interested parties suggesting that the subsidy is based on objective criteria or conditions under Article 4(2)(b) of the basic Regulation.
Undersøgelsen viste, at alle de eksporterende producenter i stikprøven havde fordel af favorable lånevilkår i undersøgelsesperioden.
The investigation showed that all sampled exporting producers benefited from the preferential lending in the investigation period.