natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I løbet af den betragtede periode var markedsandelen for importen fra Tyrkiet på ca. 7 % af EU-markedet.
Over the period considered, Turkish imports held a market share of around 7 % on the EU market.
Tabellen nedenfor indeholder en sammenligning af priserne på importen af varer fra alle tredjelande og EU-producenternes priser.
The table below compares the prices of imports from all third countries with those of the EU producers.
I euro/enhed
In Euros/unit
Difference Tyrkiet/EU-producenter
Differential Turkey/EU producers
Difference Kina/EU-producenter
Differential China/EU producers
På denne baggrund kan det med rimelighed foreløbigt konkluderes, at de lave priser på import fra Tyrkiet i UP havde en vis negativ indvirkning på EU-erhvervsgrenens situation, men ikke i et omfang, der kan bryde årsagssammenhængen mellem dumpingimporten fra Kina og EU-erhvervsgrenens skade.
On these grounds, it is reasonable to provisionally conclude that in the IP, the lower prices of imports from Turkey had some negative impact on the situation of the EU industry, but not to a significant extent susceptible of breaking the causal link between dumped imports from China and the injury suffered by the Union industry.
Virkningen af import fra andre tredjelande end Tyrkiet
Impact of imports from third countries other than Turkey
Hvad angår importen fra andre lande end Kina og Tyrkiet, faldt den samlede markedsandel fra 9 % i 2006 til 8,3 % i UP (jf. betragtning 99).
As far as imports from countries other than China and Turkey are concerned, their cumulated market share decreased from 9 % in 2006 to 8,3 % in the IP (see recital (99)).
Priserne på denne import lå tæt på EU-producenternes priser i samme periode.
Corresponding prices remained close to those of the Union producers over the same period.
Det konkluderes derfor, at importen fra andre tredjelande end Kina og Tyrkiet ikke bidrog til den skade, der forvoldtes EU-erhvervsgrenen.
On these grounds, it is considered that imports from third countries other than China and Turkey did not contribute to the injury suffered by the Union industry.
Virkningen af den økonomiske krise
Impact of the economic crisis
Visse parter påstod, at importen fra Kina blev absorberet af en stigning i EU-forbruget i 2007, og at faldet i forbruget i 2008 faldt sammen med den økonomiske krise og den samtidige nedgang i salget i bilindustrien.
Some parties claimed that imports from China were absorbed by an increase in EU consumption in 2007 and that the decrease in consumption in 2008 coincided with the economic downturn and the parallel contraction of sales of the car industry.
Ifølge denne påstand var disse faktorer hovedårsagen til EU-erhvervsgrenens ringe resultater.
According to this argument, these factors were the key causes of the weak performance by the Union industry.
Den økonomiske krise indvirkede negativt på EU-erhvervsgrenens situation med deraf følgende nedgang i forbruget og lavere priser.
The economic crisis indeed negatively affected the situation of the Union industry due to shrinking consumption levels and downward price effects.
Mellem 2008 og UP faldt forbruget med 14,5 %.
Between 2008 and the IP, consumption dropped by 14,5 %.
Producenterne af aluminiumshjul samarbejder med bilindustrien, som blev alvorligt påvirket af krisen.
The ARWs producers operate in symbiosis with the car industry which was seriously affected by the crisis.
Tabellen nedenfor viser udviklingen i produktionen af biler i Europa i løbet af den betragtede periode.
The table below shows the development of car production volumes in Europe in the period considered.
Biler udstyres ganske rigtigt med enten aluminiumshjul eller stålhjul, men det er vanskeligt at fastslå de respektive andele.
It is true that cars incorporate either aluminium or steel ARWs, with the proportion being difficult to establish.
Intet tyder dog på, at denne andel skulle have ændret sig markant i løbet af den betragtede periode.
However, there are no indications that this proportion would have significantly changed over the period considered.
Det kan derfor ikke udelukkes, at faldet i produktionen af biler, som var drastisk fra ultimo 2008 frem til UP, skulle have haft en indvirkning på salgsmængderne hos producenterne af aluminiumshjul.
Therefore, it cannot be excluded that the drop in the volume of production of cars — which indeed decreased dramatically from the end of 2008 to the IP, would have an impact on the sales volume of ARWs producers.
Tabellen nedenfor viser, at faldet i produktionsmængden lå langt over 15 % mellem 2008 og UP.
The table below show that the decrease in production volume was indeed more than 15 % between 2008 and the IP.
I EU27
In EU 27
Produktion i Europa (i 1000 enheder)
Production in Europe (in 000 units)
Analysen af EU-erhvervsgrenens økonomiske indikatorer viser, at den nedadgående tendens startede længe før den økonomiske krise og tidsmæssigt faldt sammen med den kinesiske imports indtrængen på markedet.
However, the analysis of the economic indicators of the Union industry shows that the downward trend started well before the economic crisis and coincided in time with the start of the market penetration by Chinese imports.
Rentabilitetstallene viser eksempelvis, at den nedadgående tendens begyndte mellem 2006 og 2007 (fald på 2,5 procentpoint), fortsatte mellem 2007 og 2008 (endnu et fald på 2,2 procentpoint) og faldt markant med 6,9 procentpoint mellem 2008 og UP.
The profitability figures for example demonstrate that the downward trend began between 2006 and 2007 (decrease by 2,5 percentage points), continued between 2007 and 2008 (another decrease by 2,2 percentage points) to reach an extreme decrease by 6,9 percentage points between 2008 and the IP.
Til trods for en nedgang i forbruget steg den kinesiske import fortsat og udgjorde 12,4 % i UP.
Further, the Chinese imports continued to increase their presence on the market despite the contracting consumption, reaching 12,4 % in the IP.
Mængden og markedsandelen steg konstant, og priserne underbød løbende EU-erhvervsgrenens priser.
Their volumes and market share were steadily growing and their prices continuously undercut those of the EU industry.
Det kunne dog med rimelighed formodes, at krisen ville påvirke alle erhvervsdrivende på markedet på samme vis.
However, one would reasonably have expected that the crisis should affect all market operators in a similar way.
Importen fra Kina steg og til priser, der i betydelig grad underbød EU-priserne i den foreliggende sag, jf. ovenfor.
Yet, as explained above, Chinese imports increased at prices that substantially undercut EU prices in the situation at hand.
Det er derfor ikke urimeligt at konkludere, at havde det ikke været for den økonomiske krise, ville mængden af importerede varer fra Kina og markedsandelen herfor være steget endnu mere.
Therefore, it is not unreasonable to conclude that if it had not been for the economic crisis, the volumes and market share of Chinese imports would have increased even more.
På denne baggrund kan det med rimelighed formodes, at den økonomiske krise, selv om den bidrog til EU-erhvervsgrenens skade, tilsyneladende ikke i sig selv er en faktor, der kan bryde årsagssammenhængen mellem dumpingimporten og den væsentlige skade.
On these grounds, it is reasonable to assume that the economic downturn, even if it contributed to the injury suffered by the Union industry, does not appear on its own to be a factor that would break the causal link between the dumped imports and the material injury.
Mængden af importerede varer fra Kina ville derimod normalt været faldet i takt med nedgangen i forbruget ligesom importen fra andre tredjelande og navnlig EU-erhvervsgrenens salg (der, som tidligere nævnt, faldt uforholdsmæssigt i forhold til stigningen i importen fra Kina).
To the contrary, volumes of imports from China should normally have decreased in line with the drop of consumption as did imports from other third countries and most notably the sales by the EU industry (which, it is recalled decreased commensurately with the Chinese imports increase).
Følgevirkninger af ændringer i EU-erhvervsgrenens eksportresultater
Impact of changes in export performance of the Union industry
EU-erhvervsgrenens eksportaktivitet var lav i løbet af den betragtede periode (under 2 % af det samlede salg for EU-producenterne i stikprøven).
Export activity of the Union producers remained low over the period considered (less than 2 % of total sales of EU sampled producers).
Eksporten kunne derfor ikke have en negativ indvirkning på EU-erhvervsgrenens dårlige situation og kan således ikke bryde årsagssammenhængen.
It could not therefore have any negative impact on the weak situation of the Union industry and cannot break the causal link.
Konkurrence mellem EU-producenter og koncentration på EU-markedet
Competition between Union producers and concentration on the EU market
Antallet af producenter af aluminiumshjul (ca. 30), der opererer på EU-markedet tyder på, at EU-markedet er meget konkurrencedygtigt, selv om det også kendetegnes ved stor industriel koncentration, hvor de 3 største virksomheder tegner sig for 60 % af den samlede produktion, 2 andre ca. 8 % og endnu 4 andre ca. 4 %.
The number of producers of ARWs (about thirty) operating on the EU market suggests that the EU market is very competitive although it is also characterised by a high level of industrial concentration with the 3 largest companies holding a share of 60 % of total production, 2 others of around 8 % and then 4 of around 4 %.
De foreliggende data om produktionsmængder viser, at de øvrige producenter er små eller mellemstore virksomheder.
Available data on production volumes shows that the other producers are small or medium size companies.
Det skal bemærkes, at et antal mindre producenter stoppede deres produktion før 2008, i 2008 og i UP.
It should be noted that a number of smaller producers closed down their production before 2008, in 2008 and in the IP.
Dette antyder, at konkurrencen mellem EU-producenter — og den tilsyneladende igangværende koncentrationsproces — har bidraget til den skade, der forvoldtes EU-erhvervsgrenen.
This could suggest that the competition amongst Union producers — and the apparent ongoing concentration process — have contributed to the injury suffered by the Union industry.
Undersøgelsens data viser dog, at ikke kun de små producenter er berørt.
However, the data of the investigation show that it is not only the small producers that are affected.
Små og store producenter påvirkes i lige høj grad af de aktuelle udviklinger.
Indeed larger and smaller producers are similarly influenced by the developments at hand.
Det kan derfor ikke udelukkes, at konkurrencen mellem EU-producenterne i høj grad har bidraget til den væsentlige skade, der er påført EU-erhvervsgrenen.
Therefore, it cannot be concluded that competition amongst Union producers has contributed in any significant manner to the material injury suffered by the Union industry.
Forbrugernes præferencer vedrørende stål- og aluminiumshjul
Consumer preferences regarding steel and ARWs
Det blev påstået, at den faldende efterspørgsel efter aluminiumshjul kunne skyldes en ændring i forbrugernes præferencer i retning af de billigere stålhjul som følge af den økonomiske krise.
It was argued that the shrinking demand for ARWs could be an economic crisis-related change in consumer preferences which might turn to less expensive steel wheels.
Der blev dog ikke fremlagt dokumentation som støtte for denne påstand.
No element was however submitted in support of this allegation.
Da der på dette tidspunkt ikke foreligger dokumentation til støtte for påstanden, kan denne udvikling ikke bekræftes.
At this stage, and in the absence of any data on file supporting the argument, no such development could be confirmed.
Varemix
Product mix
Visse parter påstod, at stigningen i importen fra Kina skyldtes en stigende efterspørgsel efter særlige højteknologiske hjultyper, som produceres i Kina (dvs. støbte eller flydeformede hjul), som angiveligt ikke produceres (i væsentlige mængder) i EU.
Some parties claimed that the increase of Chinese imports was due to an increased demand for specific high end technology types of wheels produced in the PRC (i.e. forged or flow-formed wheels), which would not be (in any significant quantity) produced in the EU.
Importen fra Kina kunne derfor ikke have forårsaget EU-erhvervsgrenen skade.
Therefore, the imports from the PRC could not have caused injury to the Union industry.
Undersøgelsen fastslog dog, at denne import kun udgjorde en brøkdel af den samlede import fra Kina.
The investigation has however established that those imports constituted only a very small fraction of total imports from the PRC.
Der mindes om, at der i denne undersøgelse er konstateret en voldsom nedgang i produktion og salg, tab af markedsandele og et voldsomt prisfald, som førte til tab i EU-erhvervsgrenen.
It should be recalled that in this case, it has been found there has been a significant decrease of production and sales, loss of market share, as well as price depression leading to losses of the Union industry.
Importmængderne fra Kina, som i høj grad underbød EU-erhvervsgrenens priser, og markedsandelen for importen steg samtidig.
Import volumes from the PRC, which undercut substantially the Union industry prices, as well as their market share have increased during the same period of time.
Kommissionen har desuden analyseret alle andre faktorer, der kunne have bidraget til den væsentlige skade, der forvoldtes EU-erhvervsgrenen.
The Commission has also analysed all other factors that might have contributed to the material injury suffered by the Union industry.
Det blev i den forbindelse konstateret, at den økonomiske krise, importen fra Tyrkiet og konkurrencen mellem EU-producenterne, som medførte en koncentrationsproces, kan have haft en vis indvirkning på den skadevoldende situation.
In this respect, it was found that the economic crisis, the imports from Turkey and the competition between Union producers leading to a concentration process may have had some impact on the injury situation.
Det konkluderes imidlertid foreløbigt, at deres indvirkning ikke er af et omfang, der kan bryde årsagssammenhængen mellem dumpingimporten og den konstaterede skade, jf. ovenfor.
However, it is provisionally concluded that their impact is not such as to break the causal link between the dumped imports and the injury found, as detailed above.
På grundlag af ovenstående analyse af virkningerne af alle kendte faktorer for EU-erhvervsgrenens situation konkluderes det derfor foreløbigt, at der er en årsagssammenhæng mellem dumpingimporten fra Kina og den væsentlige skade, der er påført EU-erhvervsgrenen.
Based on the above analysis of the effects of all known factors on the situation of the Union industry, it is therefore provisionally concluded that there is a causal link between the dumped imports from the PRC and the material injury suffered by the Union industry.
Der var i denne procedure en høj grad af samarbejde og støtte fra EU-producenterne (over 70 %).
This case found a high level of cooperation and support from the Union production (more than 70 %).
Dette antyder, at indførelsen af foranstaltninger tydeligvis er i EU-producenternes interesse.
This suggests that the imposition of measures is clearly in the interest of the EU producers.
Undersøgelsen viste, at EU-erhvervsgrenen påførtes væsentlig skade på grund af virkningerne af dumpingimporten, som underbød erhvervsgrenens priser, jf. betragtning 93 ff. ovenfor.
The investigation showed that the Union industry is suffering material injury because of the effects of dumped imports which undercut its prices as elaborated in recital (93) et seq.
Det kan forventes, at EU-erhvervsgrenen vil få fordel af foranstaltningerne, som med sandsynlighed vil hindre fornyet dumpingimport til lave priser.
It can be expected that the Union industry will benefit from the measures which would likely prevent a further surge of dumped, low-priced imports.
Hvis der ikke indføres foranstaltninger, kan det forventes, at stigningen i importen af aluminiumshjul til lave priser navnlig i AM-segmentet, vil fortsætte eller øges.
Should measures not be imposed, it can be expected that the increase of low-priced, dumped ARWs, in particular on the AM segment, will continue if not increase.
Det kan desuden ikke udelukkes, at det stigende pristryk på og importens indtrængen i AM-segmentet i hvert fald vil få en indirekte virkning for situationen i OEM-segmentet.
It can further not be excluded that the increasing price pressure on and penetration of the AM segment will have at least an indirect effect on the situation on the OEM segment.
Det blev i den forbindelse konstateret, at visse producenter i det pågældende land flytter eller er flyttet til den mellemste og dyrere del af AM-segmentet og derfra videre til OEM-segmentet — med meget lave priser.
In this respect, it has been found that certain producers in the country concerned are moving or have already moved to the middle and upper end of the AM segment and then further on to the OEM segment — with very low prices.
Denne udvikling kan forventes at fortsætte og vil sandsynligvis også bringe den store gruppe af EU-producenter, der er aktive i OEM-segmentet, i vanskeligheder.
This development can be expected to continue and in turn will very likely endanger also the large group of Union producers active in the OEM segment.
Da disse producenters økonomiske situation og rentabilitet ikke er solid nok til at modstå yderligere pristryk fra dumpingimporten, som i høj grad underbød deres priser, kan dette sandsynligvis føre til en gradvis lukning af en stor gruppe EU-producenter, hvis ikke samtlige EU-producenter.
As the financial situation and profitability of those producers is not robust enough to withstand further price pressure exerted by dumped imports that considerably undercut their prices, this would lead very likely to the progressive demise of a large number of Union producers, if not their totality.
I stikprøveundersøgelsen (jf. betragtning 13 ovenfor) blev fem ikke-forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører og to importerende brugere udtaget på grundlag af deres importmængder.
In the sampling exercise (see recital (13) above), 5 unrelated importers and 2 importing users were chosen on the basis of their volume of imports.
Samarbejdsviljen hos de ikke-forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører udgør generelt mindre end 10 % af den samlede mængde af varer importeret fra Kina.
The cooperation of unrelated importers in general accounts for less than 10 % of the total volume of imports from the PRC.
Undersøgelsen viste, at de fleste importører er forhandlere, der er specialiserede i tilbehør til biler.
The investigation showed that most of the importers are traders specialized in car accessories.
Heriblandt kan der skelnes mellem to kategorier.
Amongst them, 2 categories can be distinguished.
Den ene gruppe består hovedsagelig af virksomheder, der importerer og videresælger aluminiumshjul med deres eget mærke og har udliciteret produktionen heraf til Kina.
One category consists of companies that import and resell their own branded ARWs, the production of which they have outsourced to the PRC.
De er dog ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundet med de kinesiske eksportører.
However they are not related to the Chinese exporters.
Denne kategori af importører har almindeligvis ikke ubetydelige »merværdiskabende« aktiviteter i EU (dvs. design, forskning og udvikling) og sommetider endda deres egen distributionskanal med et tilsvarende antal ansatte.
This category of importers usually has not insignificant ‘added value’ activities in the EU (e.g. design, research and development), and sometimes even their own distribution chain, with a corresponding level of employment.
Den anden kategori består af importører/distributører, som er forhandlere med fokus på mængder og ikke mærker.
The second category consists of importers/distributors which are traders focussing more on volumes and less on the brand.
Disse importører har generelt lavere omkostningsstrukturer og færre merværdiskabende aktiviteter i EU.
These importers in general have lower cost structures and less added value activities in the Union.
Samarbejdsgraden blandt de ikke-forretningsmæssigt forbundne importører viser, at indførelsen af foranstaltninger ikke vil få en væsentlig indvirkning på deres aktivitet.
The low level of co-operation of unrelated importers suggests that the imposition of measures would not have any significant impact on their activity.
For de samarbejdsvillige importører/distributører blev det da også konstateret, at videresalget af aluminiumshjul fra Kina udgør mellem 1 % og 6 % af deres samlede omsætning.
Indeed, for the cooperating importers/distributors it was found that re-sales of Chinese ARWs represent between 1 % and 6 % of their total turnover.
Situationen er mere kompleks for de virksomheder, der udliciterer produktionen, da videresalg af aluminiumshjul fra Kina kan udgøre næsten hele grundlaget for deres aktivitet.
The situation of outsourcing companies is more complex as Chinese ARW re-sales can represent almost the totality of their business.
Eventuelle foranstaltninger vil afgjort få betydning for deres aktivitet — selv om det er vanskeligt at anslå den nøjagtige indvirkning på nuværende tidspunkt.
Measures, if any would certainly have an impact on their activity — even if it is difficult to evaluate the exact magnitude at this stage.
Dette tages op til yderligere behandling.
This matter will be further investigated.
Der blev sendt spørgeskemaer til ca. 20 kendte brugere.
Users’ questionnaires were sent to around 20 identified users.
13 bilfabrikanter samarbejdede i forbindelse med undersøgelsen.
13 car manufacturers co-operated with the investigation.
To sammenslutninger, der repræsenterer brugere og importører af aluminiumshjul i OEM- og AM-segmentet samarbejdede også.
Two associations representing users and importers of ‘OEM and AM’ ARWs also co-operated.
De samarbejdsvillige brugeres import udgør 19 % af den samlede import fra Kina baseret på data fra Eurostat.
The imports of co-operating users account for 19 % of total imports from the PRC based on Eurostat data.
På grundlag af oplysningerne fra Eurostat er det ikke muligt at foretage en præcis opdeling af, om importsalget foregik i OEM- eller AM-segmentet.
Eurostat figures do not allow for a precise identification whether import sales were made to the OEM or the AM segment.
Der kunne imidlertid, jf. betragtning 133 ovenfor, fortages en sondring mellem OEM- og AM-segmentet, som viste, at OEM-segmentet udgør mellem 20 og 30 % af den samlede import fra Kina.
As mentioned above in recital (133) a differentiation between the OEM and AM segments could nevertheless be made, showing that the OEM segment would account for between 20 and 30 % of the total imports from the PRC.
Det kan derfor med rimelighed antages, at graden af samarbejdsvilje i OEM-segmentet var meget høj.
On these grounds it is reasonable to assume that cooperation from the OEM segment was very high.
Bilfabrikanterne anvender tilsyneladende kun importen fra Kina i begrænset omfang.
Car manufacturers on average appear to rely on Chinese supplies only to a limited extent.
Betragtes de individuelt, anvender de samarbejdsvillige bilfabrikanter forskellige forretningsmodeller.
When considered individually, the co-operating car manufacturers employ different business models.
Nogle importerer slet ikke fra Kina, andre importerer mindre end 5 %, mens andre importerer helt op til 30 % af deres behov.
Some do not import from China at all, others import less than 5 %, but some import up to 30 % of their needs.
Både de importerende og ikke-importerende brugere modsætter sig foranstaltningerne.
Both importing and non-importing users oppose measures.
De påstår navnlig, at bilfabrikanterne har en interesse i at opretholde forskellige forsyningskilder og har fordel af konkurrence på markedet for hjul.
One of their main arguments is that car manufacturers have an interest in retaining diverse sources of supply and in benefiting from competition on the wheel market.
Foranstaltningerne kunne gøre dem for afhængige af et begrænset antal EU-producenter.
Measures would make them overly dependent on a limited number of European producers.