natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Beskæftigelsen faldt med 11 % mellem 2007 og 2008.
The employment decreased by 11 % between 2007 and 2008.
I løbet af den betragtede periode faldt den med 16 %.
During the period considered it fell by 16 %.
Gennemsnitperiode
Average period
Samlet beskæftigelse
Total employment
Produktivitet (m2 pr. år/ansat)
Productivity (m2 per year/employee)
De fastslåede margener ligger alle væsentligt over bagatelgrænsen.
All margins established are significantly above the de minimis level.
I betragtning af omfanget af og priserne på dumpingimporten kan virkningerne af den faktiske dumpingmargen endvidere ikke anses for at være ubetydelige.
Furthermore, given the volumes and the prices of dumped imports, the impact of the actual margin of dumping cannot be considered negligible.
For visse mikroøkonomiske indikatorer (salgspris, produktionsomkostninger, rentabilitet og investeringsafkast, dvs. indikatorer, der udtrykkes i andet end absolutte værdier, altså kun værdier udtrykt i procent) blev resultaterne hos stikprøvevirksomhederne i det specifikke segment vejet i henhold til segmentets andel af den samlede EU-produktion (ved hjælp af den særlige vægt for hvert segment i den samlede sektor for keramiske fliser -52 % for små virksomheder, 24 % for mellemstore og store virksomheder).
For some micro-economic indicators (sales price, cost of production, profitability and return on investments, i.e. indicators expressed in other than absolute values, i.e. only values expressed in percentages) the results of the sampled companies in the specific segment have been weighted in accordance with the share of that segment in the total Union production (using the specific weight of each segment in the total ceramic tile sector – 52 % for small companies, 24 % each for the medium-sized and large companies).
Det blev således sikret, at de store virksomheders resultater ikke dominerede skadesanalysen med henblik på korrekt at afspejle de små virksomheders situation, da de tilsammen tegner sig for den største andel af EU-produktionen.
As a consequence it has been ensured that the results of large companies did not dominate the injury analysis but that the situation of the small companies, collectively accounting for the largest share of the Union production, was properly reflected.
Selv om EU-erhvervsgrenens lagerbeholdninger i absolutte tal faldt med 14 % i den betragtede periode, steg de betydeligt udtrykt i procent af produktionen (med 37 %).
Although the level of closing stocks of the Union industry decreased in absolute terms by 14 % over the period considered, when expressed as percentage of production it substantially increased (by 37 %).
Lagre (1000 m2)
Stocks (thousand m2)
Lagre i % af produktionen
Stocks as percentage of production
Stigningen i lagerbeholdningerne er en afslørende skadesfaktor.
The increase in stocks is a telling injury factor.
Virksomheder i sektoren har normalt tre måneders produktion på lager, men presset fra den kinesiske dumpingimport tvang dem til at øge deres lagre helt indtil seks måneders produktion.
Companies in the sector normally keep stocks of three months of production but the pressure of the Chinese dumped imports has forced them to increase their stocks up to six months of production.
Der blev ganske rigtigt observeret en jævn stigning i lagerbeholdningerne fra 43 % i 2007 til 59 % i UP.
Indeed an even and steady yearly increase of stocks from 43 % in 2007 to 59 % in the IP was observed.
Denne stigning i lagerbeholdningerne forklares ved, at de eksporterende producenter fra Kina fokuserede på salg af store partier af homogene varer, mens EU-erhvervsgrenen udbød et større varesortiment for så vidt angår typer, farver og størrelser.
This increase of stocks is explained by the fact that Chinese exporting producers focused on sales of large batches of homogenous product whereas the Union industry offered a much larger variety of products in terms of types, colours, sizes.
EU-erhvervsgrenen var nødt til at øge sine lagerbeholdninger for hurtigt at kunne reagere på specifikke ordrer.
In order to react within a very short time to very specific orders the Union industry had to increase stocks.
EU-erhvervsgrenens enhedssalgspriser steg med 10 % i løbet af den betragtede periode.
Unit sales prices of the Union industry increased by 10 % during the period considered.
Enhedspris på EU-markedet
Unit price EU market
Enhedspris ved salg på EU-markedet (EUR/m2)
Unit prices of Union sales (EUR/m2)
Prisstigningen skyldes en række forskellige faktorer.
The price increase was due to a variety of factors.
For det første var der et behov for at overvælt stigningerne i produktionsomkostningerne, som i samme periode steg med 14 % (jf. betragtning 106).
First it was the need to recover increases in costs of production that during the same period increased by 14 % (see recital 106).
Prisstigningen skyldes desuden de stigende lagerbeholdninger (jf. betragtning 95) og det ændrede varesortiment, som EU-erhvervsgrenen tilbød.
The price increase was further due to the increasing stocks (see above recital 95) and to the changed product mix offered by the Union industry.
Importen fra Kina var koncentreret om store partier af homogene varer.
The imports from China concentrated on large batches of homogeneous product.
EU-erhvervsgrenen måtte således fokusere på mindre partier af den pågældende vare, hvor efterspørgslen var mere fragmenteret og med mindre mængder, og et større sortiment for så vidt angår typer, farver og størrelser.
The Union industry had to thus focus on small batches of the product concerned where demand was more fragmented with lower quantities and a larger variety in terms of types, colours, and sizes.
Til trods for stigningen i enhedspriserne opererede EU-erhvervsgrenen dog under målet for fortjenesten.
However, despite the increase in unit prices, the Union industry operated below target profit.
Segmentet for små virksomheder var faktisk tabsgivende.
In fact, the segment of small companies was loss-making.
Udviklingen i priserne på importen fra Kina er nærmere beskrevet i betragtning 75.
The development of prices of imports from China has been outlined in recital 75.
Som det kan ses, fulgte disse priser en anderledes tendens end EU-erhvervsgrenens, og var konsekvent lavere.
As can be seen, these prices followed a different trend to that of the Union industry and were consistently lower.
I UP var priserne fra Kina kun halvt så høje som EU-erhvervsgrenens priser.
During the IP, prices from China were half of the Union industry prices.
Rentabilitet, likviditet, investeringsafkast, evnen til at tilvejebringe kapital, investeringer og lønninger
Profitability, cash flow, return on investment, ability to raise capital, investments and wages
Stigningen i produktionsomkostningerne var, som nævnt ovenfor, højere end stigningen i salgspriserne.
As mentioned above, the increase in cost of production was higher than the increase in sales prices.
Med en stigning i omkostningerne på 14 % i den betragtede periode var EU-erhvervsgrenen kun i stand til at hæve sine priser med 9 %.
With an increase in costs of 14 % occurring over the period considered, the Union industry managed to increase its prices by only 9 %.
Segmentet for små virksomheder var det hårdest ramte af de tre segmenter, idet det har været tabsgivende siden 2008.
Out of three segments, the most affected segment was the one of small companies which has been registering a loss since 2008.
De store og mellemstore virksomheder var, til trods for væsentlige fald i rentabiliteten, i stand til at sælge med en beskeden, om end ikke bæredygtig, fortjeneste.
Large and medium-sized companies, despite substantial decreases in profitability, managed to sell at modest albeit not sustainable profits.
De mellemstore og store virksomheders fortjeneste kan af fortrolighedshensyn ikke offentliggøres.
Profits achieved by the large and medium-sized companies cannot be disclosed due to confidentiality reasons.
I segmentet for store virksomheder blev beregningen af fortjenesten baseret på tal fra en virksomhed, men fremlæggelsen af resultaterne hos de mellemstore virksomheder ville give andre virksomheder mulighed for at beregne fortjenesten for andre segmenter, idet den samlede, vejede fortjeneste er kendt.
In the segment of large companies calculation of profits has been based on data of one company, while disclosure of results of medium-sized companies would allow other companies to calculate the profits of other segments since the overall weighted profits are known.
Rentabilitet, likviditet, investeringsafkast, investeringer og lønninger
Profitability, cash flow, ROI, investments and wages
1,2 %– dne kunder (% af nettosalg)
1,2 %– s)
Likviditet (1000 EUR)
Cash flow (thousand EUR)
Nettoinvesteringer (1000 EUR)
Net investments (thousand EUR)
Årlige arbejdskraftomkostninger pr. ansat
Annual labour cost per employee
Tendensen for likviditeten, som er en erhvervsgrens evne til selv at finansiere sine aktiviteter, forblev positiv i den betragtede periode.
The trend of cash-flow, which is the ability of an industry to self-finance its activities, remained positive during the period considered.
Likviditeten faldt dog mellem 2007 og UP med ca. 54 %.
However, between 2007 and the IP, it decreased by around 54 %.
Investeringsafkastet fulgte i store træk den samme tendens som rentabiliteten i den betragtede periode.
The return on investments (‘ROI’) broadly followed the profitability trend over the whole period considered.
Mellem 2007 og UP faldt den årlige investeringsstrøm i den pågældende vare fremstillet af EU-erhvervsgrenen med 28 %.
Between 2007 and the IP, the annual flow of investments in the product concerned made by the Union industry decreased by 28 %.
Mellem 2007 og undersøgelsesperioden faldt gennemsnitslønningerne pr. ansat med 4 %.
Between 2007 and the IP, the average wage per employee decreased by 4 %.
Produktionsomkostninger EUR/m2
Cost of production EUR/m2
Produktionsomkostningerne steg, som anført ovenfor, med 14 % i den betragtede periode.
As indicated above, the cost of production increased over the period considered by 14 %.
Stigningen skyldtes en stigning i lagerbeholdningerne (se betragtning 95) og en ændring i det varesortiment, som EU-erhvervsgrenen udbyder (større udbud i typer, farver og størrelser), mens importen fra Kina fokuserede på store partier af homogene varer.
This increase was due to the increase in stocks (see above recital 95) and to the changed product mix offered by the Union industry (more variety of products in terms of types, colours, sizes) whereas the Chinese imports concentrated on large batches of homogeneous product.
EU-erhvervsgrenen var nødt til at øge sine lagerbeholdninger for at kunne reagere hurtigt på meget specifikke ordrer og var desuden nødt til at tilbyde et større varesortiment.
The Union industry had to increase its stocks in order to be able to react in a short time to very specific orders and also has to provide a larger variety of product.
Undersøgelsen har vist, at skadesindikatorer såsom produktionsmængde, kapacitetsudnyttelse, salg til ikke forretningsmæssigt forbundne kunder og beskæftigelsen forværredes i løbet af den betragtede periode.
The investigation has shown that the injury indicators such as production volume, capacity utilization, sales to unrelated customers and employment deteriorated during the period considered.
Selv om det ikke kan nægtes, at den negative udvikling i forbruget har haft en negativ indvirkning på EU-erhvervsgrenen, er det dog værd at bemærke, at importen fra Kina var i stand til at øge sin markedsandel ved hjælp af et prispres.
Although it cannot be disregarded that the negative evolution of consumption has had a negative effect on the Union industry, it is noteworthy that the Chinese imports managed to increase their market share, through price pressure.
Skadesindikatorerne vedrørende især EU-producenternes finansielle resultater — f.eks. rentabilitet, investeringsafkast og likviditet — blev påvirket i alvorlig grad i den betragtede periode.
In addition, the injury indicators related to the financial performance of the Union producers – such as profitability, return on investments and cash-flow were seriously negatively affected during the period considered.
En meget afslørende skadesfaktor er den voldsomme stigning i lagerbeholdningerne (37 %) i den betragtede periode.
A telling injury factor is the substantial increase in stocks (by 37 %) over the period considered.
Denne stigning forklares ved, at de eksporterende producenter fra Kina fokuserede på salg af store partier af homogene varer, mens EU-erhvervsgrenen udbød et større varesortiment for så vidt angår typer, farver og størrelser.
This increase is explained by the fact that Chinese exporting producers focused on sales of large batches of homogenous product whereas the Union industry offered a much larger variety of products in terms of types, colours, sizes.
EU-erhvervsgrenen var nødt til at øge sine lagerbeholdninger for at kunne reagere hurtigt på meget specifikke ordrer og var nødt til at tilbyde et større varesortiment.
The Union industry had to increase its stocks in order to be able to react in a short time to very specific orders and to provide a larger variety of products.
Selv om EU-erhvervsgrenens salgspriser steg i den betragtede periode, skyldes dette især stigningen i produktionsomkostningerne.
Although the selling prices of the Union industry increased over the period considered, this is mainly due to the increase in cost of production.
Samlet set blev fortjenesten forværret i den betragtede periode.
Overall, the profitability deteriorated over the period considered.
Segmentet for små virksomheder, som udgjorde halvdelen af EU-erhvervsgrenen, har faktisk været tabsgivende siden 2008.
In fact, the segment of small companies which constituted half of the Union industry was loss making since 2008.
Erhvervsgrenen var således ikke i stand til at opnå en tilstrækkelig fortjeneste til trods for stigninger i salgspriserne.
Hence, even despite the increase in sales prices, the industry was unable to reach a sufficient profit.
Erhvervsgrenen var ikke i stand til at hæve deres salgspriser til et niveau, der kan sikre den nødvendige rentabilitet og levedygtigheden på længere sigt.
The industry was not in a position to increase their sales prices to a level that would have profitability rates necessary for long-term viability.
Analysen af pristendenserne, som var baseret på Eurostats tal, viste, at prisforskellen mellem dumpingimporten fra Kina og EU-erhvervsgrenens priser steg fra ca. 40 % i 2007 og 2008 til ca. 50 % i 2009 og UP.
The analysis of price trends based on Eurostat figures showed that the price differential between the dumped imports from China and the Union industry prices increased from around 40 % in 2007 and 2008 to around 50 % in 2009 and the IP.
I overensstemmelse med grundforordningens artikel 3, stk. 6 og 7, blev det undersøgt, om den betydelige skade, som EU-erhvervsgrenen havde lidt, skyldtes dumpingimporten fra det pågældende land.
In accordance with Article 3(6) and (7) of the basic Regulation it was examined whether the material injury suffered by the Union industry was caused by the dumped imports from the country concerned.
Andre kendte faktorer end dumpingimporten, som kan have forvoldt EU-erhvervsgrenen skade, blev også undersøgt for at sikre, at den skade, der kan tilskrives disse faktorer, ikke blev tillagt dumpingimporten.
Furthermore, known factors other than dumped imports, which might have caused injury to the Union industry, were examined to ensure that any injury caused by those factors was not attributed to dumped imports.
Virkninger af importen fra Kina
Impact of the imports from China
Den stigende markedsandel for eksporterende producenter fra Kina i den betragtede periode faldt tidsmæssigt sammen med et fald i EU-erhvervsgrenens fortjeneste og en væsentlig stigning i erhvervsgrenens lagerbeholdninger.
The increasing market share of Chinese exporting producers over the period considered coincided in time with a decrease of the Union industry’s profits and a substantial increase of its stocks.
Det faldt desuden sammen med et fald i EU-forbruget.
This also coincided with a decrease in Union consumption.
Mens mængden af den kinesiske import faldt med 9 procentpoint mellem 2007 og 2009 ligesom det faldende forbrug (dog ikke i samme takt — forbruget faldt med 23 procentpoint i samme periode), steg den kinesiske markedsandel støt siden 2007.
However, while the Chinese imports decreased in volume by 9 percentage points between 2007 and 2009, in line with the shrinking consumption (although not at the same pace - consumption shrank by 23 percentage points over the same period), since 2007 the Chinese market share was steadily growing.
Desuden steg den kinesiske import med 6 procentpoint mellem 2009 og UP til trods for et yderligere fald i forbruget på 6 procentpoint.
Moreover, between 2009 and the IP, despite further decrease in consumption by 6 percentage points, Chinese imports increased by 6 percentage points.
Prisforskellen (baseret på Eurostats gennemsnitstal) mellem den kinesiske import og EU-erhvervsgrenens priser var markant i hele den betragtede periode.
The price differential (based on Eurostat average figures) between Chinese imports and the prices of the Union industry was very significant during the whole period considered.
Forskellen var allerede i 2007 på over 40 %, hvilket antyder, at de eksporterende producenter fra Kina indledte deres prisstrategi før den økonomiske krise.
The fact that already in 2007 it amounted to over 40 % suggests that the price strategy by the Chinese exporting producers started before the economic crisis.
Prisforskellen steg efter krisen således til 50 % i UP.
Also, this differential increased post-crisis reaching 50 % in the IP.
Den stigende markedsandel for den kinesiske import kombineret med faldende priser og en stigende prisforskel mellem EU-erhvervsgrenens og de kinesiske producenters priser faldt tidsmæssigt sammen med forværringen af EU-erhvervsgrenens situation.
The increasing market share of the Chinese imports combined with decreasing prices and the increasing price differential between Union and Chinese prices coincided in time with the deterioration of the situation of the Union industry.
Virkningen af import fra andre tredjelande end Kina
Impact of imports from third countries other than China
Importmængden fra andre tredjelande end Kina faldt med 40 % i den betragtede periode.
The volume of imports from third countries other than China decreased by 40 % over the period considered.
Markedsandelen for disse importerede varer faldt også en anelse i samme periode (ca. 1 %).
The market share of those imports also slightly decreased over the same period (around 1 %).
Priserne på disse importerede varer og varerne fra Kina var sammenlignelige i 2007, men prisforskellen steg til 18 % i 2009 og 16 % i UP.
Whereas the prices of those imports were comparable with Chinese prices in 2007, the price differential increased to 18 % in 2009 and 16 % in the IP.
Importmængden fra Tyrkiet faldt med 37 % i den betragtede periode.
The volume of imports from Turkey decreased by 37 % over the period considered.
Selv om priserne på den tyrkiske import lå under EU-erhvervsgrenens priser (næsten 40 % i den betragtede periode), steg prisforskellen mellem den tyrkiske og kinesiske import til 16 % i 2009 og UP efter en stigning på 22 % i de tyrkiske priser.
Although the prices of Turkish imports were below those of the Union industry (by about 40 % over the period considered), the price differential between Turkish and Chinese imports increased to 16 % in 2009 and the IP following a 22 % increase in Turkish prices.
Det kan således ikke udelukkes, at importen fra andre tredjelande end Kina i begrænset omfang kan have bidraget til den væsentlige skade, der forvoldtes EU-erhvervsgrenen.
On these grounds it cannot be excluded that imports from third countries other than China might have contributed to a very limited extent to the material injury suffered by the Union industry.
Denne import brød dog ikke den årsagssammenhæng, der var konstateret mellem dumpingimporten fra Kina og EU-erhvervsgrenens skade.
However, they did not break the causal link established with the dumped imports from China.
Virkningen af den store fragmentering af EU-erhvervsgrenen
Impact of the high fragmentation of the Union industry
Den europæiske fliseindustri er meget fragmenteret.
The Union tile industry is highly fragmented.
Det samlede antal af virksomheder faldt dog i den betragtede periode som følge af en konsolideringsproces, som er foregået i de seneste 20 år.
However, the overall number of companies decreased during the period considered due to a consolidation process which has been ongoing over the past two decades.
Undersøgelsen viste dog, at virksomhederne i de medlemsstater, der har den største produktion og samtidig den største fragmentering, opererer i klynger.
Most importantly, however, in those Member States with the largest share of production, where at the same time the fragmentation is more pronounced, the investigation showed that companies operate in clusters.
Denne struktur sikrer en effektiv fordeling af ressourcerne.
This structure guarantees efficient allocation of resources.
Fragmenteringen giver nemlig store virksomheder mulighed for give produktionen af visse varetyper (for så vidt angår farver, størrelser mv.) i underentreprise til små virksomheder.
In fact fragmentation allows large companies to subcontract to small companies the production of certain types of products (in terms of colours, sizes, etc).
Med de små virksomheders hjælp er erhvervsgrenen i stand til hurtigt at kunne levere mange varetyper.
With the help of the small companies the industry is able to supply many types of products in a short time.
Dette viste sig især vigtigt, idet de kinesiske konkurrenter sælger store partier af homogene varer, hvor der ikke er plads til fleksibilitet i design, farver mv. Under disse omstændigheder kan der ikke etableres en årsagssammenhæng mellem fragmenteringen og forværringen af EU-erhvervsgrenens situation i den betragtede periode.
This became particularly important in light of the Chinese competition selling large batches of the homogeneous product where there is no space for flexibility in design, colours etc. In these circumstances, a causal link between fragmentation and the deterioration of the situation of the Union industry in the period considered cannot be established.
Undersøgelsen viste, at den økonomiske krise uden tvivl havde en virkning på EU-erhvervsgrenens situation.
The investigation showed that the economic crisis undoubtedly impacted on the situation of the Union industry.
Virkningen hidrørte især fra afmatningen i byggeindustrien, som afspejledes i det faldende forbrug af keramiske fliser.
The impact was mainly related to the downturn in the construction industry, which has been reflected in the decreasing consumption of ceramic tiles.
Generelt var faldet i den samlede europæiske byggeindustri på 7,5 % [3] i 2009.
Generally, in 2009 the decline in the overall EU construction activity amounted to 7,5 % [3].
Det generelle økonomiske klimas mere præcise virkning på byggeindustrien varierer afhængigt af de specifikke segmenter i denne erhvervsgren [4].
The more precise impact of the general economic climate on the construction industry would differ depending on the specific segment within that industry [4].
I 2009 var faldet i byggeindustrien overvejende koncentreret om segmenterne for nybyggeri og privat ejendomsbyggeri.
In 2009 the decrease in construction activity has largely been concentrated in the new-house building and private non-residential building segments.
Ligeledes afbødede en række skatteincitamenter til energieffektive løsninger virkningen af den økonomiske afmatning på aktiviteter som renovering og vedligeholdelse.
Similarly fiscal incentives for energy efficient solutions mitigated the impact of economic downturn on renovation and maintenance activities.