natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
beskrivelse af apparatur og forsøgsbetingelser, f.eks. type og dimension af analysekolonne (og forkolonne), detektionsmåde, mobil fase (forholdet mellem komponenterne, samt pH), temperaturområde under målingerne
description of equipment and operating conditions, e.g. type and dimension of analytical (and guard) column, means of detection, mobile phase (ratio of components and pH), temperature range during measurements,
dødtiden og metoden anvendt til bestemmelse heraf
dead time and the method used for its determination,
mængdeprøve- og referencestof, som indføres i kolonnen
quantities of test and reference substances introduced in the column,
retentionstiderne for de referencestoffer, der anvendes til kalibrering
retention times of reference compounds used for calibration,
enkeltheder vedrørende den tilnærmede regressionslinje (log k' mod log Koc) og grafisk fremstilling af regressionslinjen
details of fitted regression line (log k' vs log Koc) and a graph of the regression line,
gennemsnitlig retention og beregnet d log Koc-værdi for prøvestoffet
average retention data and estimated d log Koc value for the test compound,
kromatogrammer.
chromatograms.
Handbook of chemical property estimation methods, Chap.
Rosenblatt (ed), (1990) Handbook of chemical property estimation methods, chapt.
Peters, V.H. Freed (1979). A physical concept of soil water equilibria for nonionic organic compounds, Science, 106, pp. 831-832.
Peters, V. H. Freed, (1979) A physical concept of soil water equilibria for nonionic organic compounds, Science, 106, p. 831-832.
Karickhoff (1981).
Karickhoff, (1981) Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils.
Semi-empirical estimation of sorption of hydrophobic pollutants on natural sediments and soils, Chemosphere, 10, pp. 833-846.
Chemosphere, 10, p. 833-846.
Chemosphere, 35(1/2), pp. 121-128.
Chemosphere, 35(1/2), p. 121-128.
Kordel (1996). Comparison of screening methods for the estimation of adsorption coefficients on soil.
Kördel (1996) Comparison of screening methods for the estimation of adsorption coefficients on soil.
Kordel, J. Stutte, G. Kotthoff (1993). HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient in soil-comparison of different stationary phases, Chemosphere, 27(12), pp. 2341-2352.
Kördel, J. Stutte, G. Kotthoff (1993) HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient in soil-comparison of different stationary phases, Chemosphere, 27(12), p. 2341-2352.
Kördel. W.
Kördel, W.
Klein (1991) Sorption of nonpolar and polar compounds to soils: Processes, measurements and experience with the applicability of the modified OECD Guideline 106, Chemosphere, 22, pp. 285-304.
Klein (1991) Sorption of nonpolar and polar compounds to soils: Processes, measurements and experience with the applicability of the modified OECD Guideline 106, Chemosphere, 22, p. 285-304.
Kordel, G. Kotthoff, J. Muller (1995).
Kördel, G. Kotthoff, J. Müller (1995) HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient on soil-results of a ring test.
HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient on soil-results of a ring test, Chemosphere, 30(7), pp.
Chemosphere, 30(7), p. 1373-1384.
Sammenligning af Koc-værdier for jordarter og kloakslam, samt værdier beregnet ved HPLC-screeningsmetoden [1] [2]
Comparison of Koc values for soils and sewage sludges, and calculated values by the HPLC screening method [1], [2]
Stof
substance
CAS nr.
CAS-No
kloakslam
log Koc sewage sludges
Log Koc for jordtyper
log Koc soils
Benzoesyrephenylester
Benzoic acid phenylester
2,5-Dichloroanilin
2,5-Dichloroaniline
Resultater af det laboratoriesammenlignende forsøg (11 deltagende laboratorier), som er gennemført med henblik på at forbedre og validere HPLC-metoden [3]
Results of a laboratory inter-comparison test (11 participating laboratories) performed to improve and validate the HPLC-method [3]
(HPLC metode)
[HPLC-method]
Anbefalede referencestoffer til HPLC-screeningsmetoden baseret på jordadsorptionsdata
Recommended reference substances for the HPLC screening method based on soil adsorption data.
Referencestof
Reference substance
Gennemsnitlige log Koc-værdier fra batchligevægt
log Koc mean values from batch equilibrium
Nummer på Koc-data
number of Koc data
Kilde
source
N.N-dimethylbenzamid
N.N-dimethylbenzamide
Basic Blue 4] (mix)
Basic Blue 41 (mix)
Chemosphere, 35 (1/2), pp. 107-119.
Chemosphere, 35 (1/2), p. 107-119.
Kördel, G. Kotthoff, J. Muller (1995).
Kördel, G. Kotthoff, J. Müller (1995).
HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient on soil-results of a ring test. Chemosphere.
HPLC-screening method for the determination of the adsorption coefficient on soil-results of a ring test.
Oepen.
Oepen, W.
Klein (1991). Chemosphere, 22. pp, 285-304.
Klein., (1991) Chemosphere, 22, p. 285-304.
Data stillet til rådighed af industrien.
Data provided by industry.
Denne testmetode, der undersøger kemikaliers toksiske indflydelse på formeringsevnen, svarer til OECD TG 211 (1998).
This Reproduction toxicity test method is a replicate of the OECD TG 211 (1998).
Det primære mål for testen er at vurdere kemikaliers indvirkning på Dafphnia magnas formeringsevne.
The primary objective of the test is to assess the effect of chemicals on the reproductive output of Daphnia magna.
Forældregenerationen er de hundafnier, som er til stede ved testens begyndelse, og hvis formeringsevne er genstand for undersøgelsen.
Parent Animals: are those female Daphnia present at the start of the test and of which the reproductive output is the object of the study.
Afkom er de dafnier, der er født af forældregenerationen under testen.
Offspring: are the young Daphnia produced by the parent animals in the course of the test.
Laveste koncentration med observeret effekt (LOEC) er den laveste kemikaliekoncentration, der i testen har vist sig at resultere i en statistisk signifikant indflydelse (p < 0,05) på formeringen og dødelighed for forældregenerationen inden for den fastlagte eksponeringstid, sammenlignet med kontrollen.
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC): is the lowest tested concentration at which the substance is observed to have a statistically significant effect on reproduction and parent mortality (at p < 0,05) when compared with the control, within a stated exposure period.
Hvis ikke disse to krav opfyldes, skal der gøres fuldstændigt rede for fastlæggelsen af LOEC (og dermed NOEC).
When these two conditions cannot be satisfied, a full explanation must be given for how the LOEC (and hence the NOEC) has been selected.
Koncentration uden observeret effekt (NOEC) er den testkoncentration umiddelbart under LOEC, som ved sammenligning med kontrollen ikke har nogen statistisk signifikant effekt (p < 0,05) inden for en fastlagt eksponeringstid.
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC): is the test concentration immediately below the LOEC, which when compared with the control, has no statistically significant effect (p < 0,05), within a stated exposure period.
ECX er den koncentration af testkemikaliet opløst i vand, som resulterer i en x procent reduktion i formeringen af Daphnia magna inden for en fastlagt eksponeringstid.
ECx: is the concentration of the test substance dissolved in water that results in a x % reduction in reproduction of Daphnia magna within a stated exposure period.
Den sande formeringshastighed er det mål for vækst, der integrerer formering og den aldersbetingede dødelighed (20)(21)(22).
Intrinsic rate of increase: is a measure of population growth which integrates reproductive output and age-specific mortality (20) (21) (22).
I en »steady state« population vil den være lig nul.
In steady state populations it will be zero.
For populationer i vækst vil den være positiv, og for populationer, der mindskes, vil den være negativ.
For growing populations it will be positive and for shrinking populations it will be negative.
Det er klart, at den sidste situation er uholdbar og vil ende med udslettelse af populationen.
Clearly, the latter is not sustainable and ultimately will lead to extinction.
Den påviselige grænseværdi er den laveste koncentration, der ses at have effekt, men som ikke kan kvantiteres.
Limit of Detection: is the lowest concentration that can be detected but not quantified.
Den målelige grænseværdi er den laveste koncentration, der kan kvantiteres.
Limit of Determination: is the lowest concentration that can be measured quantitatively.
Mortalitet et dyr anses for værende dødt, når det ikke kan bevæge sig, dvs. når det ikke er i stand til at svømme, eller hvis der ikke ses bevægelser af vedhæng eller postabdomen inden for 15 sekunder efter forsigtig omrystning af undersøgelsesbeholderen.
Mortality: an animal is recorded as dead when it is immobile, i.e. when it is not able to swim, or if there is no observed movement of appendages or postabdomen, within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test container.
(Hvis en anden definition anvendes, skal det meddeles sammen med dets reference).
(If another definition is used, this must be reported together with its reference).
Unge hundafnier (forældregenerationen), yngre end 24 timer ved testens begyndelse, udsættes for testkemikaliet opløst i vand i en række koncentrationer.
Young female Daphnia (the parent animals), aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance added to water at a range of concentrations.
Testen varer 21 dage.
The test duration is 21 days.
Ved testens afslutning vurderes det totale antal efterkommere efter den stadig levende forældregeneration.
At the end of the test, the total number of living offspring produced per parent animal alive at the end of the test is assessed.
Det betyder, at afkom af dafnier, der er døde i løbet af testen, ikke inkluderes i beregningerne.
This means that juveniles produced by adults that die during the test are excluded from the calculations.
Forældregenerationens formeringsevne kan udtrykkes på andre måder (f.eks. antal levende efterkommere pr moderdyr fra den første dag, afkom blev observeret), men skal rapporteres sammen med det totale antal afkom frembragt pr. levende moderdyr ved testens afslutning.
Reproductive output of parent animals can be expressed in other ways (e.g. number of living offspring produced per animal per day from the first day offspring were observed) but these should be reported in addition to the total number of juveniles produced per parent alive at the end of the test.
Formeringsevnen for de dyr, der blev eksponeret for testkemikaliet, sammenlignes med formeringsevnen i kontrollen/kontrollerne for at fastlægge den laveste koncentration med observeret effekt (LOEC) og dermed koncentrationen uden observeret effekt (NOEC).
The reproductive output of the animals exposed to the test substance is compared to that of the control(s) in order to determine the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and hence the no observed effect concentration (NOEC).
Så vidt gørligt skal data desuden analyseres ved hjælp af en regressionsmodel for at vurdere de koncentrationer, der ville forårsage en x % reduktion i formeringsevnen (dvs. EC50. EC20 eller EC10).
In addition, and as far as possible, the data are analysed using a regression model in order to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % reduction in reproductive output (i.e. the EC50, EC20, or EC10).
Forældregenerationens overlevelse og tiden indtil den første yngel skal også meddeles.
The survival of the parent animals and time to production of first brood must also be reported.
Andre effekter af kemikaliet på parametre såsom vækst (dvs. længde) og eventuelt den sande formeringshastighed kan tænkes undersøgt.
Other substance-related effects on parameters such as growth (e.g. length) and possibly intrinsic rate of increase, may also be examined.
Resultatet fra en akut toksicitetstest (se metode C.2, del I) udført med Daphnia magna bør være tilgængelig.
Results of an acute toxicity test (see Method C.2, Part I) performed with Daphnia magna should be available.
Resultatet kan være nyttigt for valget af en passende række af testkoncentrationer i formeringstestene.
The result may be useful in selecting an appropriate range of test concentrations in the reproduction tests.
Opløseligheden i vand og testkemikaliets damptryk bør være kendt ligesom en pålidelig analytisk metode til kvantitering af kemikaliet i testopløsningerne med angivelse af effektivitet med hensyn til genfinding og den målelige grænseværdi.
The water solubility and the vapour pressure of the test substance should be known and a reliable analytical method for the quantification of the substance in the test solutions with reported recovery efficiency and limit of determination should be available.
Data for testkemikaliet, som kan være nyttige for at fastslå testbetingelserne, inkluderer strukturformel, stoffets renhed, lysstabilitet, stabilitet i testforløbet, pKa, Pow. og resultater af test for spontan nedbrydning (se metode C.4)
Information on the test substance which may be useful in establishing the test conditions includes the structural formula, purity of the substance, stability in light, stability under the conditions of the test, pKa, Pow and results of the test for ready biodegradability (see Method C.4).
Hvis en test skal være valid skal følgende resultat-krav opfyldes af kontrollen/kontrollerne:
For a test to be valid, the following performance criteria should be met in the control(s):
forældregenerationens mortalitet (hundafnier) må ikke overstige 20 % ved afslutning af testen
the mortality of the parent animals (female Daphnia) does not exceed 20 % at the end of the test,
det gennemsnitlige antal levende afkom pr overlevende forældre-hundafnie ved testens afslutning er ≥ 60.
the mean number of live offspring produced per parent animal surviving at the end of the test is ≥ 60.
Bægerglas og andet apparatur, der kommer i kontakt med testopløsningerne, skal være fremstillet af rent glas eller andet kemisk inert materiale.
Test vessels and other apparatus which will come into contact with the test solutions should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material.
Karrene til undersøgelsen vil almindeligvis være af glas.
The test vessels will normally be glass beakers.
Yderligere nødvendigt apparatur kan være følgende:
In addition, some or all of the following equipment will be required:
iltmålingsapparatur (med mikroelektrode eller andet passende udstyr til måling af ilt i små volumina)
oxygen meter (with microelectrode or other suitable equipment for measuring dissolved oxygen in low volume samples),
apparatur til måling af vands hårdhedsgrad
equipment for the determination of the hardness of water,
apparatur til måling af totalkoncentrationen af organisk kulstof (TOC) i vand eller apparatur til bestemmelse af det kemiske iltbehov (COD)
equipment for the determination of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC) of water or equipment for the determination of the chemical oxygen demand (COD),
fyldestgørende apparatur til kontrol af lys-regime og måling af lys-intensitet.
adequate apparatus for the control of the lighting regime and the measurement of light intensity.
Den art, der skal benyttes i testen, er Daphnia magna Straus.
The species to be used in the test is Daphnia magna Straus.
Andre arter af dafnier kan anvendes, under forudsætning af at de på passende måde opfylder validitetskriterierne. (Det relevante validitetskriterium for dafniearten er formeringsevnen, som den ses i kontrollerne).
Other Daphnia species may be used providing they meet the validity criteria as appropriate (the validity criterion relating to the reproductive output in the controls should be relevant for the Daphnia species).
Hvis der anvendes andre dafniearter, skal de klart defineres og brugen af dem begrundes.
If other species of Daphnia are used they must be clearly identified and their use justified.
En genotypebestemmelse som identifikation af arten vil være at foretrække.
Preferably, the clone should have been identified by genotyping.
Undersøgelser (1) har vist, at formeringsevnen af Klon A (som stammer fra IRCHA i Frankrig) (3) er stabil med hensyn til det relevante validitetskriterium med sit gennemsnit på ≥ 60 stk. afkom pr. forældredafnie, der overlever ved de dyrkningsbetingelser, som nærværende metode beskriver.
Research (1) has shown that the reproductive performance of Clone A (which originated from IRCHA in France) (3) consistently meets the validity criterion of a mean of ≥ 60 offspring per parent animal surviving when cultured under the conditions described in this method.
Andre kloner er imidlertid acceptable, hvis det kan påvises, at dafniekulturen opfylder validitetskriterierne for en test.
However, other clones are acceptable provided that the Daphnia culture is shown to meet the validity criteria for a test.
Ved testens begyndelse skal dyrene være yngre end 24 timer og må ikke være først udrugede afkom.
At the start of the test, the animals should be less than 24 hours old and must not be first brood progeny.
De skal være efterkommere af en sund population (dvs. uden tegn på stress, såsom høj mortalitet, tilstedeværelse af handyr og ephippier, forsinkelse i fremkomst at første udrugede afkom, misfarvning osv.)
They should be derived from a healthy stock (i.e. showing no signs of stress such as high mortality, presence of males and ephippia, delay in the production of the first brood, discoloured animals etc.).
De dyr, der siden skal levere forsøgsdyr, skal dyrkes under betingelser (lys. temperatur, medium, fodring og antal dyr pr. volumenenhed), der svarer til dem, der anvendes i testen.
The stock animals must be maintained in culture conditions (light, temperature, medium, feeding and animals per unit volume) similar to those to be used in the test.
Hvis dafnierne rutinemæssigt lever i et andet medium end det, der anvendes i testen, er det god praksis at inkludere en prætest-akklimatiseringsperiode på normalt tre uger (dvs. en generation) for at undgå at stresse forældregenerationen.
If the Daphnia culture medium to be used in the test is different from that used for routine Daphnia culture, it is good practice to include a pre-test acclimation period of normally about 3 weeks (i.e. one generation) to avoid stressing the parent animals.
Det anbefales at anvende et veldefineret medium i denne test.
It is recommended that a fully defined medium be used in this test.
Derved undgås brugen af additiver (f.eks. tang, udtræk af jord), som er vanskeligt at karakterisere, men derimod at forbedre muligheden for standardisering laboratorierne imellem.
This can avoid the use of additives (e.g. seaweed, soil extract etc.), which are difficult to characterise, and therefore improves the opportunities for standardisation between laboratories.
Elendt M4 (4) og M7 media (se tillæg 1) er fundet velegnede til dette formål.
Elendt M4 (4) and M7 media (see Appendix 1) have been found to be suitable for this purpose.
Andre medier kan imidlertid også bruges (f.eks. (5)(6)), forudsat at dafnie-kulturen opfylder testens validitetskriterier.
However, other media (e.g. (5) (6)) are acceptable providing the performance of the Daphnia culture is shown to meet the validity criteria for the test.
Hvis der anvendes medier, der indeholder udefinerede tilsætningsstoffer, skal disse klart specificeres, og der skal fremskaffes oplysninger til testrapporten om sammensætning, særlig med hensyn til kulstofindholdet, da det kan optræde som tilskud til diæten.
If media are used which include undefined additives, these additives should be specified clearly and information should be provided in the test report on composition, particularly with regard to carbon content as this may contribute to the diet provided.
Det anbefales at fastlægge det totale organiske kulstof- (TOC) og/eller kemiske iltkrav (COD) til det organiske additiv i stamopløsningen, og at der foretages en vurdering af det medfølgende tilskud til TOC/COD i testmediet.
It is recommended that the total organic carbon (TOC) and/or chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the stock preparation of the organic additive is determined and an estimate of the resulting contribution to the TOC/COD in the test medium made.
Det anbefales, at niveauet af TOC i mediet (før tilsætning af alger) er under 2 mg/l (7).
It is recommended that TOC levels in the medium (i.e. before addition of the algae) be below 2 mg/l (7).
Det er vigtigt at gøre sig klart i forbindelse med undersøgelse af kemikalier, der indeholder metaller, at testmediets egenskaber (f.eks. hårdhed, cheleringskapacitet) kan have indflydelse på testkemikaliets toksicitet.
When testing substances containing metals, it is important to recognise that the properties of the test medium (e.g. hardness, chelating capacity) may have a bearing on the toxicity of the test substance.
Af den grund er et fuldt ud defineret medium ønskværdigt.
For this reason, a fully defined medium is desirable.
For tiden er de eneste fuldt ud definerede medier, som er egnede til langtidskulturer med Daphnia magna Elendt M4 og M7.
However, at present, the only fully defined media which are known to be suitable for long-term culture of Daphnia magna are Elendt M4 and M7.
Begge indeholder EDTA som cheleringsmiddel.
Both media contain the chelating agent EDTA.
Work har påvist (2), at cadmiums tilsyneladende toksicitet generelt er lavere, når formeringstesten udføres med M4 og M7 end med medier uden EDTA.
Work has shown (2) that the ‘apparent toxicity’ of cadmium is generally lower when the reproduction test is performed in M4 and M7 media than in media containing no EDTA.
Af den grund er M4 og M7 ikke at anbefale, når der skal undersøges kemikalier indeholdende metaller, ligesom andre medier kendt for at have chelerende stoffer ligeledes bør undgås.
and M7 are not, therefore, recommended for testing substances containing metals, and other media containing known chelating agents should also be avoided.
Til kemikalier, der indeholder metaller, tilrådes brugen af andre medier som f.eks. hårdt ferskvand tilsat ASTM (7), som ikke indeholder EDTA, hvortil sættes ekstrakt af tang (8).
For metal-containing substances it may be advisable to use an alternative medium such as, for example, ASTM reconstituted hard fresh water (7), which contains no EDTA, with added seaweed extract (8).
Denne kombination af hårdt ferskvand tilsat ASTM med ekstrakt af tang er også velegnet til langtidskulturer og undersøgelse af Daphnia magna (2), endskønt den udøver en let chelerende effekt på grund af den organiske komponent i den tilsatte tangekstrakt.
This combination of ASTM reconstituted hard fresh water and seaweed extract is also suitable for long-term culture and testing of Daphnia magna (2), although it still exerts a mild chelating action due to the organic component in the added seaweed extract.
Under hele testen bør koncentrationen af opløst ilt være over 3 mg/l. pH bør være inden for 6-9 og normalt ikke variere mere end 1,5 enheder.
At the beginning and during the test, the dissolved oxygen concentration should be above 3 mg/l. The pH should be within the range 6-9, and normally it should not vary by more than 1,5 units in any one test.
Test på dette niveau og derover har vist formeringsevne i overensstemmelse med validitetskriterierne (9)(10).
Tests at this level and above have demonstrated reproductive performance in compliance with the validity criteria (9) (10).
Stamopløsninger bør almindeligvis fremstilles ved opløsning af de relevante kemikalier i testmediet.
Stock solutions should preferably be prepared by dissolving the substance in test medium.
Brugen af organiske opløsningsmidler eller dispergenser er i nogle tilfælde nødvendige til fremstilling af en passende koncentreret stamopløsning, men alle anstrengelser bør tages i anvendelse for at undgå brugen af sådanne materialer.
The use of organic solvents or dispersants may be required in some cases in order to produce a suitably concentrated stock solution, but every effort should be made to avoid the use of such materials.
Eksempler på passende opløsningsmidler er acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamid og triethylene glycol.
Examples of suitable solvents are acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide and triethylene glycol.