natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kurven fra de akutte toksicitetstest, som knytter LC50 til testperioden, bør tages i betragtning, når man vælger området for testkoncentrationerne.
The curve relating LC50 to period of exposure in the acute study should be considered when selecting the range of test concentrations.
Brug af færre end fem koncentrationer, for eksempel i en grænsetest, og et snævrere interval mellem koncentrationerne kan være rimeligt under nogle omstændigheder.
The use of fewer than five concentrations, for example in limit tests, and a narrower concentration interval may be appropriate in some circumstances.
Det er ikke nødvendigt at teste koncentrationer højere end svarende til 96 timer LC50 eller 100 mg/l, afhængigt af hvilken af disse, der er lavest.
Concentrations of the substance higher than the 96 hour LC50 or 100 mg/l, whichever is the lower, need not be tested.
Kemikalier bør ikke testes i koncentrationer, der overstiger deres opløselighed i testvandet.
Substances should not be tested above their solubility limit in the test water.
Når der anvendes et opløsningsmiddel som hjælp ved fremstillingen af testopløsninger (se 1.6,6), bør dets endelige koncentration i forsøgsbeholderen ikke overstige 0,1 ml/l og den skal være den samme i alle forsøgsbeholdere.
When a solubilising agent is used to aid preparation of test solutions (see Section 1.6.6), its final concentration in the test vessels should not be greater than 0,1 ml/l and should be the same in all test vessels.
Sammen med testserien skal udføres en kontrol af fortyndingsvandet (replikate bestemmelser, hvis nødvendigt) og ligeledes, hvis relevant, en kontrol, som indeholder opløsningsmiddel (replikate bestemmelser, hvis nødvendigt).
One dilution-water control (replicated as appropriate) and also, if relevant, one control containing the solubilising-agent (replicated as appropriate) should be run in addition to the test series.
I testperioden måles koncentrationen af testkemikaliet med regelmæssige mellemrum.
During the test, the concentrations of the test substance are determined at regular intervals.
I semistatiske test, hvor koncentrationen af testkemikaliet forventes at holdes inden for 20 % af det nominelle (dvs. inden for 80-120 %; se 1.4 og 1.6.6), anbefales det, som et minimum, at den højeste og laveste testkoncentration måles, når den er frisk fremstillet og umiddelbart før udskiftning ved mindst tre lejligheder jævnt fordelt over test-perioden (dvs. analyserne skal udføres på en prøve fra den samme opløsning, når den er frisk fremstillet og ved dens anvendelse ved udskiftning).
In semi-static tests where the concentration of the test substance is expected to remain within ± 20 % of the nominal (i.e. within the range 80-120 %; see Section 1.4 and 1.6.6), it is recommended that, as a minimum, the highest and lowest test concentrations be analysed when freshly prepared and immediately prior to renewal on at least three occasions spaced evenly over the test (i.e. analyses should be made on a sample from the same solution — when freshly prepared and at renewal).
I test, hvor koncentrationen af testkemikaliet ikke forventes at holde sig inden for 20 % af den nominelle (baseret på kemikaliets stabilitetsdata), er det nødvendig; at analysere alle testkoncentrationer, når de er frisk fremstillede og ved udskiftning, efter samme system (dvs. ved mindst tre lejligheder jævnt fordelt over testperioden).
For tests where the concentration of the test substance is not expected to remain within ± 20 % of nominal (on the basis of stability data of the substance), it is necessary to analyse all test concentrations, when freshly prepared and at renewal, but following the same regime (i.e. on at least three occasions spaced evenly over the test).
Målingen af koncentrationen af testkemikaliet før udskiftning er kun nødvendigt på en af beholderne i replikate bestemmelser for hver testkoncentration.
Determination of test substance concentrations prior to renewal need only be performed on one replicate vessel at each test concentration.
Målingerne skal foretages mindst hver uge.
Determinations should be made no more than seven days apart.
Hvis det imidlertid kan vises, at testkemikaliets koncentration testen igennem i tilstrækkelig grad har været holdt inden for ± 20 % af den nominelle eller målte begyndelseskoncentration, kan resultaterne baseres på nominelle eller målte begyndelsesværdier.
However, if evidence is available to demonstrate that the concentration of the test substance in solution has been satisfactorily maintained within ± 20 % of the nominal or measured initial concentration throughout the test, then results can be based on nominal or measured initial values.
Hvad angår gennemstrømningstest er det passende med et prøvetagningsregime som for de semistatiske test (men måling af udskiftede opløsninger er ikke mulig i disse tilfælde).
For flow-through tests, a similar sampling regime to that described for semi-static tests is appropriate (but measurement of ‘old’ solutions is not applicable in this case).
Hvis imidlertid testen varer mere end en uge. er det tilrådeligt at øge antallet af prøvetagninger i den første uge (f.eks. til tre) for at sikre, at test-koncentrationcme holder sig stabile.
However, if the test duration is more than seven days, it may be advisable to increase the number of sampling occasions during the first week (e.g. three sets of measurements) to ensure that the test concentrations are remaining stable.
Det kan være nødvendigt at centrifugere eller filtrere (f.eks. med et filter med 0,45 μm porestørrelse).
Samples may need to be centrifuged or filtered (e.g. using a 0,45 μm pore size).
Da imidlertid hverken centrifugering eller filtrering altid synes at skille den biotilgængelige fra den ikke-biotilgængelige del af testkemikaliet, behøver prøver ikke at gennemgå disse behandlinger.
However, since neither centrifuging nor filtration appears always to separate the non-bioavailable fraction of the test substance from that which is bioavailable, samples may not be subjected to those treatments.
Hårdhedsgrad og saltindhold (hvis relevant) bør måles i kontrollerne og i en beholder med den højeste koncentration.
Total hardness and salinity (if relevant) should be measured in the controls and one vessel at the highest concentration.
I de semistatiske test anbefales det at måle ilt hyppigere, fortrinsvis før og efter hver vandudskiftning og mindst en gang om ugen. pH skal måles før og efter vandudskiftning i de semistatiske test og mindst en gang ugentlig i gennemstrømningstestene.
In semi-static tests, it is recommended that dissolved oxygen be measured more frequently, preferably before and after each water renewal or at least once at week. pH should be measured at the beginning and end of each water renewal in semi-static test and at least weekly in flow-through tests.
I hver test skal hårdhedsgraden måles en gang.
Hardness should be measured once each test.
Temperaturen skal måles daglig og helst være monitoreret kontinuerligt i mindst en test-beholder.
Temperature should be measured daily and it should preferably be monitored continuously in at least one test vessel.
Fosterets udviklingstrin
Stage of embryonic development
Fosterstadiet (dvs. gastrula-stadiet) bør fastslås så sikkert som muligt ved testens begyndelse, hvor fosteret udsættes for testkemikaliet.
The embryonic stage (i.e. gastrula stage) at the beginning of exposure to the test substance should be verified as precisely as possible.
Dette kan gøres ved undersøgelse af en repræsentativ samling æg, som på passende vis præpareres og godkendes.
This can be done using a representative sample of eggs suitably preserved and cleared.
I litteraturen kan man finde beskrivelser og illustrationer af fosterstadier (2)(5)(10)(11).
The literature may also be consulted for the description and illustration of embryonic stages (2)(5)(10)(11).
Udklækning og overlevelse
Hatching and survival
Udklækning og overlevelse observeres mindst en gang om dagen og noteres.
Observations on hatching and survival should be made at least once daily and numbers recorded.
I begyndelsen af testen kan det være ønskeligt at foretage hyppigere observationer (f.eks. hver halve time i løbet af de første tre timer), da overlevelsestid i nogle tilfælde kan være mere relevant end antallet af dødsfald alene (f.eks. når der er akutte toksiske virkninger).
It may be desirable to make more frequent observations at the beginning of the test (e.g. each 30 minutes during the first three hours), since in some cases, survival times can be more relevant than only the number of deaths (e.g. when there are acute toxic effects).
Døde embryoner og larver skal fjernes med det samme, eftersom de kan henfalde hurtigt.
Dead embryos and larvae should be removed as soon as observed since they can decompose rapidly.
Meget stor omhu skal udvises, når døde individer fjernes, så nærtliggende æg eller larver ikke bliver ramt eller fysisk beskadigede, da de er meget sarte og følsomme.
Extreme care should be taken when removing dead individuals not to knock or physically damage adjacent eggs/larvae, these being extremely delicate and sensitive.
Kriterier for død varierer efter stadium:
Criteria for death vary according to life stage:
for æg: særligt i de tidlige stadier et tydeligt tab af gennemsigtighed og ændring i farve forårsaget af koagulation og/eller bundfældelse af proteiner, hvilket medfører en hvid uklarhed
for eggs: particularly in the early stages, a marked loss of translucency and change in colouration, caused by coagulation and/or precipitation of protein, leading to a white opaque appearance,
for embryoner: manglende bevægelighed og/eller hjerteslag og/eller uklar misfarvning i arter, hvor embryonerne almindeligvis er gennemskinnelige
for embryos: absence of body movement and/or absence of heart beat and/or opaque discoloration in species whose embryos are normally translucent,
for larver: manglende bevægelighed og/eller manglende respirationsbevægelser og/eller manglende hjerteslag og/eller hvid uklar farvning af centralnervesystemet og/eller manglende reaktion på mekaniske stimuli.
for larvae: immobility and/or absence of respiratory movement and/or absence of heart-beat and/or white opaque colouration of central nervous system and/or lack of reaction mechanical stimulus.
Abnormt udseende
Abnormal appearance
Antallet af larver, der udviser abnorm kropsform og/eller pigmentering, og tidspunkt for resorption af blommesækken skal noteres med passende mellemrum afhængigt af testens varighed og den beskrevne abnormitet.
The number of larvae showing abnormality of body form and/or pigmentation, and the stage of yolk-sac absorption, should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test and the nature of the abnormality described.
Det skal bemærkes, at abnorme embryoner og larver optræder almindeligt og kan opgøres til adskillige procent i kontrollerne hos visse arter.
It should be noted that abnormal embryos and larvae occur naturally and can be of the order of several per cent in the control(s) in some species.
Abnorme dyr skal kun fjernes fra beholderne, når de er døde.
Abnormal animals should only be removed from the test vessels on death.
Abnorm opførsel
Abnormal behaviour
Abnorm opførsel, f.eks. hyperventilation, ukoordineret svømning og atypisk ubevægelighed, skal noteres med passende intervaller afhængigt af testens varighed.
Abnormalities, e.g. hyperventilation, uncoordinated swimming, and atypical quiescence should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test.
Disse virkninger kan, når de opdages, selvom de er vanskelige at kvantitere, hjælpe med til at tolke mortalitetsdata, dvs. skaffe viden om, hvorledes kemikaliets toksiske virkning udspiller sig.
These effects, although difficult to quantify, can, when observed, aid in the interpretation of mortality data, i.e. provide information on the mode of toxic action of the substance.
Ved testens afslutning anbefales måling af individernes forskellige længde: Standard, fork eller totallængden kan anvendes.
At the end of the test, measurement of individual lengths is recommended; standard, fork or total length may be used.
Hvis imidlertid der forekommer finneråd (svamp) ved halefinnen eller erosion af finner, anvendes standardlængden.
If however, caudal fin rot or fin erosion occurs, standard lengths should be used.
Almindeligvis vil i en vellykket testvariationskoefficient for længden i replikate bestemmelser ligge på ≤ 20 %.
Generally, in a well-run test, the coefficient of variation for length among replicates in the controls should be ≤ 20 %.
Disse observationer vil medføre, at nogle eller alle nedenstående data kan gøres til genstand for statistisk analyse:
These observations will result in some or all of the following data being available for statistical analysis:
kumulativ mortalitet
cumulative mortality,
antal sunde larver ved afslutning af testen
numbers of healthy larvae at end of test,
begyndelses- og sluttidspunkt for klækning (dvs. 90 % klækning i hvert replikat)
time to start of hatching and end of hatching (i.e. 90 % hatching in each replicate),
det daglige antal larver, der klækkes
numbers of larvae hatching each day,
længde (og vægt) af overlevende dyr ved testens afslutning
length (and weight) of surviving animals at end of the test,
antal larver, der er deforme eller har abnormt udseende
numbers of larvae that are deformed or of abnormal appearance,
antal larver, der opfører sig abnormt.
numbers of larvae exhibiting abnormal behaviour.
Hvis LOEC/NOECs skal beregnes, er det, for at beregne variationen inden for hvert sæt af replikater, nødvendigt at bruge variansanalyse (ANOVA) eller at anvende kontingenstabeller.
If LOEC/NOECs are to be estimated, it will be necessary for variations to be analysed within each set of replicates using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or contingency table procedures.
Dunnets metode kan være nyttig til at foretage multiple sammenligninger mellem resultater fra individuelle koncentrationer og kontrollerne (12)(13).
In order to make a multiple comparison between the results at the individual concentrations and those for the controls, Dunnett's method may be found useful (12)(13).
Andre nyttige eksempler kan også findes (14)(15).
Other useful examples are also available (14)(15).
Størrelsen af den målbare effekt ved anvendelse af ANOVA eller andre procedurer (dvs. styrken af testen) bør udregnes og angives.
The size of the effect detectable using ANOVA or other procedures (i.e. the power of the test) should be calculated and reported.
Det bør bemærkes, at ikke alle observationer listet i 1.7.5.6 kan analyseres ved hjælp af ANOVA.
It should be noted that not all the observations listed in Section 1.7.5.6 are suitable for statistical analysis using ANOVA.
F.eks. bør kumuleret død og antallet af sunde larver analyseres ved hjælp af probitmetoder.
For example, cumulative mortality and numbers of healthy larvae at the end of the test could be analysed using probit methods.
Hvis LC/ECx'er skal beregnes, bør (en) passende kurve(r), f.eks. den logistiske kurve, fittes til de ønskede data ved hjælp af en statistisk metode som f.eks. mindste kvadraters metode eller ikke-lineære mindste kvadraters metode.
If LC/ECxs are to be estimated, (a) suitable curve(s), such as the logistic curve, should be fitted to the data of interest using a statistical method such as least squares or non-linear least squares.
Kurverne bør parametriseres, så den ønskede LC/ECx og dens standard error kan udregnes direkte.
The curve(s) should be parameterised so that the LC/ECx of interest and its standard error can be estimated directly.
Dette vil gøre beregningen af sikkerhedsgrænserne for LC/ECx meget nemmere.
This will greatly ease the calculation of the confidence limits around the LC/ECx.
Medmindre der er gode grunde til at foretrække andre sikkerhedsgrænser, bør tosidede 95 %-sikkerhedsgrænser angives.
Unless there are good reasons to prefer different confidence levels, two-sided 95 % confidence should be quoted.
Tilpasningsproceduren skal helst tillade en vurdering af signifikansen af den manglende overensstemmelse.
The fitting procedure should preferably provide a means for assessing the significance of the lack of fit.
Grafiske metoder for fitning af kurver kan anvendes.
Graphical methods for fitting curves can be used.
Regressionsanalyse kan anvendes på alle observationer listet i 1.7.5.6.
Regression analysis is suitable for all observations listed in Section 1.7.5.6.
Hvor den målte koncentration af giftstoffet i testopløsningen ligger nær analysemetodens detektionsgrænse, skal resultaterne tolkes med forsigtighed.
The results should be interpreted with caution where measured toxicant concentrations in test solutions occur at levels near the detection limit of the analytical method.
Tolkning af resultater, hvor koncentrationerne ligger over stoffets vandopløselighed. skal også gøres med forsigtighed.
The interpretation of results for concentrations above the water solubility of the substance should also be made with care.
TESTRAPPORTEN
THE TEST REPORT
kemiske identitets-data, heri renhedsgrad og, hvor nødvendigt, den analytiske metode til kvantificering af stoffet.
chemical identification data, including purity and analytical method for quantification of the tests substance where appropriate.
dens videnskabelige navn, herkomst, antal forældrefisk (dvs. hvor mange hundyr blev brugt for at fremskaffe det ønskede antal æg til testen), kilde og metode til indsamling af befrugtede æg og behandlingen af dem.
scientific name, strain, numbers of parental fish (i.e. how many females were used for providing the required numbers of eggs in the test), source and method of collection of the fertilised eggs and subsequent handling.
anvendt fremgangsmåde (f.eks.. semistatisk eller gennemstrømsforsøg, tidsforløb fra befrugtning til begyndelsen af testen, belastning osv.)
test procedure used (e.g. semi-static or flow-through, time period from fertilisation to start the test, loading, etc),
lysperiode(r)
photoperiod(s),
testdesign (f.eks. antal forsøgsbeholdere og replikater, antal embryoner pr. replikat
test design (e.g. number of test chambers and replicates, number of embryos per replicate),
den nominelle testkoncentration, de målte værdier, gennemsnit og standarddeviationer for forsøgskarrene og metoden, hvorved de er opnået, og, hvis testkemikaliet er opløseligt i vand i koncentrationer, der ligger under de undersøgte, skal der skaffes bevis for, at målingerne refererer til testkemikaliet i opløsning
the nominal test concentrations, the measured values, their means and their standard deviations in the test vessels and the method by which these were attained and, if the test substance is soluble in water at concentrations below those tested, evidence should be provided that the measurements refer to the concentrations of the test substance in solution,
karakteristik af fortyndningsvandet: pH, hårdhedsgrad, temperatur, koncentration af opløst ilt, niveau for residual-chlor (hvis målt), total organisk kulstof, opslæmmede substanser, saltindhold i testmediet (hvis målt) og enhver anden ting, som er målt
dilution water characteristics: pH, hardness, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, residual chlorine levels (if measured), total organic carbon, suspended solids, salinity of the test medium (if measured) and any other measurements made,
vandkvalitet i forsøgskarrene: pH. hårdhedsgrad, temperatur og koncentration af opløst ilt.
water quality within test vessels: pH, hardness, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration.
resultater fra ethvert præliminært forsøg med testkemikaliets stabilitet
results from any preliminary studies on the stability of the test substance,
bevis på, at testdyrene gennemsnitligt har overlevet i kontrollerne svarende til den accepterede standard (tillæg 2 og 3)
evidence that controls met the overall survival acceptability standard of the test species (Appendices 2 and 3),
data vedrørende mortalitet/overlevelse på embryon- og larvestadierne og den totale mortalitet/overlevelse
data on mortality/survival at embryo and larval stages and overall mortality/survival,
antal dage til klækningen og antal klækninger
days to hatch and numbers hatched,
data vedrørende længde (og vægt)
data for length (and weight),
morfologiske abnormiteter beskrives, hvis de forekommer
incidence and description of morphological abnormalities, if any,
abnorm opførsel beskrives, hvis den forekommer
incidence and description of behavioural effects, if any,
statistisk analyse og behandling af data
statistical analysis and treatment of data,
vedrørende test, hvor ANOVA er anvendt, anføres laveste observerede effekt-koncentration (LOEC) ved p = 0,05 og den koncentration, der var uden effekt (NOEC) ved hver måling, inklusive de statistiske procedurer og en angivelse af, hvilken størrelse effekt der kunne påvises
for tests analysed using ANOVA, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) at p=0,05 and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for each response assessed, including a description of the statistical procedures used and an indication of what size of effect could be detected,
i forbindelse med test, hvor regressionsteknik er anvendt, anføres LC/ECx og sikkerhedsgrænser og en graf med den fitningsmetode, der blev brugt til beregningen
for tests analysed using regression techniques, the LC/ECx and confidence intervals and a graph of the fitted model used for its calculation,
redegørelse for enhver afvigelse fra denne testmetode.
explanation for any deviation from this testing method.
Kristensen P, (1990). Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Short Term Fish Early Life Stage Tests in Relation to other FELS Test Methods.
Kristensen P., (1990) Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Short Term Fish Early Life Stage Tests in Relation to other FELS Test Methods.
Final report to the Commission of the European Communities, 60 pp.
Final report to the Commission of the European Communities, p. 60.
Brauhn, J.L. and Schoettger, R.A. (1975). Acquisition and Culture of Research Fish: Rainbow trout, Fathead minnows, Channel Catfish and Bluegills. p. 54, Ecological Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-011, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brauhn J.L. and Schoettger R.A., (1975) Acquisition and Culture of Research Fish: Rainbow trout, Fathead minnows, Channel Catfish and Bluegills. p. 54, Ecological Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-011, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brungs, W.A. and Jones, B.R. (1977). Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and Procedures, p. 128, Ecological Research Series EPA-600/3-77-061, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brungs W.A. and Jones B.R., (1977) Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and Procedures p. 128, Ecological Research Series EPA-600/3-77-061, Duluth, Minnesota.
Laale, H.W. (1977).
Laale H.W., (1977) The Biology and Use of the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) in Fisheries Research.
The Biology and Use of the Zebrafish (Brachydanio raid) in Fisheries Research. A Literature Review.
A Literature Review.
Legault, R. (1958). A Technique for Controlling the Time of Daily Spawning and Collecting Eggs of the Zebrafish, Bmchydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) Copeia, 4, pp. 328-330.
Legault R. (1958) A Technique for Controlling the Time of Daily Spawning and Collecting Eggs of the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) Copeia, 4, p. 328-330.
Dave, G., Damgaard, B., Grande, M., Martelin, J.E., Rosander, B. and Viktor, T. (1987). Ring Test of an Embryo-larval Toxicity Test with Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Using Chromium and Zinc as Toxicants.
Dave G., Damgaard B., Grande M., Martelin J.E., Rosander B. and Viktor T., (1987) Ring Test of an Embryo-larval Toxicity Test with Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Using Chromium and Zinc as Toxicants.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 6, pp. 61-71.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 6, p. 61-71.
Birge, J.W., Black, J.A. and Westerman, A.G. (1985). Short-term Fish and Amphibian Embryo-larval Tests for Determining the Effects of Toxicant Stress on Early Life Stages and Estimating Chronic Values for Single Compounds and Complex Effluents.
Birge J.W., Black J.A. and Westerman A.G., (1985) Short-term Fish and Amphibian Embryo-larval Tests for Determining the Effects of Toxicant Stress on Early Life Stages and Estimating Chronic Values for Single Compounds and Complex Effluents.