natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den positive kontrol skal fremkalde en positiv LLNA-respons ved det eksponeringsniveau, som forventes at give en stigning i stimulationsindekset (SI) som er mere end > 3 større end i den negative kontrolgruppe.
The positive control should produce a positive LLNA response at an exposure level expected to give an increase in the stimulation index (SI) >3 over the negative control group. The positive control dose should be chosen such that the induction is clear but not excessive.
Dag 6
Day 6: record the weight of each animal.
Hvert dyrs vægt registreres.
Inject 250μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 20 μCi (7,4e + 8 Bq) of 3H-methyl thymidine into all test and control mice via the tail vein.
250 μl saltvand med phosphatbuffer indeholdende 20 μCi (7,4 e + 8 Bq)3H-methylthymidin injiceres i alle testdyr og kontroldyr gennem halevenen. Alternativt injiceres 250 μL saltvand med phosphatbuffer indeholdende 2 μCi (7,4 e + 7 Bq) 125I-ioddeoxyuridin og 10-5 M fluordeoxyuridin i alle dyr gennem halevenen.
Alternatively inject 250 μL PBS containing 2 μCi (7,4e + 7 Bq) of 125I-iododeoxyuridine and 10-5 M fluorodeoxyuridine into all mice via the tail vein.
Resultaterne angives som stimulationsindeks (SI), Ved den poolede metode fås SI ved division af den poolede optagelse af radioaktivitet for hver behandlingsgruppe med den poolede optagelse for kontrolgruppen på vehikel: Resultatet er den gennemsnitlige SI-værdi.
Results are expressed as the Stimulation Index (SI). When using the pooled approach, the SI is obtained by dividing the pooled radioactive incorporation for each treatment group by the incorporation of the pooled vehicle control group; this yields a mean SI.
Sundhedsmæssigt uønsket virkning: enhver sådan behandlingsrelateret afvigelse fra den normale variation, som forringer en organismes overlevelsesevne, reproduktionsevne eller tilpasningsevne til omgivelserne.
Adverse effect: is any treatment-related alteration from baseline that diminishes an organism's ability to survive, reproduce or adapt to the environment. Dose: is the amount of test substance administered.
Dosis: den mængde teststof, som indgives. Dosis angives som vægtmængde (g, mg) teststof pr. vægtenhed forsøgsdyr (f.eks. mg/kg), eller som fast koncentration i føden (ppm).
Dose is expressed as weight (g, mg) or as weight of test substance per unit weight of the test animal (e.g. mg/Kg), or as constant dietary concentrations (ppm).
Dyrene testes, således at man kan påvise og karakterisere anomalier af adfærdsmæssig eller neurologisk art. I hver observationsperiode vurderes adfærden på en række punkter, som kan tænkes påvirket af neurotoksiske stoffer.
The animals are tested to allow the detection or the characterisation of behavioural and/or neurological abnormalities. A range of behaviours that could be affected by neurotoxicants is assessed during each observation period.
Temperaturen i forsøgsdyrrummet skal være 22 oC (± 3 oC).
The temperature in the experimental animal room should be 22 °C (± 3 °C).
Høj intermitterende støj skal holdes på et minimum.
Loud intermittent noise should be kept to a minimum.
Burene arrangeres, så at eventuelle virkninger af burenes placering minimeres, Dyrene mærkes entydigt, så de enkelte dyr kan identificeres, og holdes i burene i mindst fem døgn forud for doseringen, så de kan akklimatisere sig til forsøgsbetingelserne.
Cages should be arranged in such a way that possible effects due to cage placement are minimised. The animals are identified uniquely and kept in their cages for at least (5) five days prior the start of the study to allow for acclimatisation to the laboratory conditions.
Af disse 10 hanner og 10 hunner udvælges mindst fem hanner og fem hunner, som perfunderes in situ og gennemgår detaljeret neurohistopatologisk undersøgelse ved forsøgets afslutning.
At least five males and five females, selected from these 10 males and 10 females, should be perfused in situ and used for detailed neurohistopathology at the end of the study.
Når kun et begrænset antal dyr i en given dosisgruppe observeres for tegn på neurotoksiske virkninger, skal det overvejes at lade de pågældende dyr indgå blandt dem, der udvælges til perfusion.
In cases where only a limited number of animals in a given dose group are observed for signs of neurotoxic effects, consideration should be given to the inclusion of these animals in those selected for perfusion.
Det højeste dosisniveau vælges med henblik på at fremkalde neurotoksisk effekt eller tydelig systemisk toksisk effekt.
The highest dose level should be chosen with the aim of inducing neurotoxic effects or clear systemic toxic effects.
Derefter vælges en aftagende række dosisniveauer, som giver mulighed for at påvise en eventuel dosisafhængig respons, og som laveste dosisniveau et niveau, hvor ingen skadelig effekt iagttages (NOAEL).
Thereafter, a descending sequence of dose levels should be selected with a view to demonstrating any dose-related response and no-observed-adverse effect (NOAEL) at the lowest dose level.
Dyrene doseres med teststoffet dagligt syv dage om ugen i en periode af mindst 28 dage; bruges fem-dages dosisregime eller kortere eksponeringstid, skal dette begrundes, Administreres teststoffet ved gavage, skal det ske som enkeltdosis med gastrisk sonde eller et passende intubationsrør.
The animals are dosed with the test substance daily, seven days each week, for a period at least 28 days; use of a five-day dosing regime or a shorter exposure period needs to be justified. When the test substance is administered by gavage, this should be done in a single dose using a stomach tube or a suitable intubation cannula.
Derudover sammenfattes alle data i tabelform med angivelse, for hver forsøgs- og kontrolgruppe, af antal dyr ved forsøgets begyndelse, antal dyr, som er fundet døde under forsøget eller aflivet af humanitære grunde, tidspunkt for eventuel død eller humanitær aflivning, antal dyr, som viser tegn på toksisk virkning, beskrivelse af de observerede toksicitetstegn, herunder begyndelsestidspunkt, varighed, art og sværhed af alle toksiske virkninger, antal dyr, som udviser forandringer, herunder forandringernes art og sværhed.
Additionally, all data should be summarised in tabular form showing for each test or control group the number of animals at the start of the test, the number of animals found dead during the test or killed for humane reasons and the time of any death or humane kill, the number showing signs of toxicity, a description of the signs of toxicity observed, including time of onset, duration, type and severity of any toxic effects, the number of animals showing lesions, including the type and severity of the lesion(s).
Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. eds, Williams and Wilkins, Battimore/London.
Spencer, P.S. and Schaumburg, H.H. eds. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore/London.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Monograph No. 20.
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Monograph No 20.
Donorkammeret er sædvanligvis utillukket under eksponering for en endelig dosis af testpræparatet, men kan være tillukket ved ubegrænsede doser og ved visse scenarier med endelig dosis.
Normally, donor chambers are left unoccluded during exposure to a finite dose of a test preparation. However, for infinite applications and certain scenarios for finite doses, the donor chambers may be occluded.
Testmetode B.44.
Testing Method B.44.
Hudabsorption: in vivo-metode.
Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method.
Schaefer H and Redelmeier TE. (1996).
Schaefer, H. and Redelmeier, T.E., (1996).
Heri indgår fem dyr, som er udvalgt til funktionstestning og detaljerede kliniske observationer som led i neurotoksicitetsundersøgelsen.
In this method a reference group is one in which the test substance is administered by another route that ensures complete bioavailability of the dose. [9] Solvent used for measuring absorption.
De valgte testkoncentrationer fremstilles ved fortynding af stamopløsningen, Hvis der testes høje koncentrationer, kan stoffet opløses direkte i det vand, der ellers anvendes til fortynding.
The chosen test concentrations are prepared by dilution of the stock solution. If high concentrations are tested, the substance may be dissolved in the dilution water directly.
Stoffer testes normalt kun op til opløselighedsgrænsen, For visse stoffer (f.eks. stoffer, som er tungt opløselige i vand, som har en høj Pow-værdi, eller som danner en stabil dispersion og ikke en ægte opløsning i vand) kan det accepteres, at der anvendes en testkoncentration, der er større end opløseligheden, så det sikres, at den højeste opløste/stabile koncentration er nået.
The substances should normally only be tested up to the limit of solubility. For some substances (e.g. substances having low solubility in water, or high Pow, or those forming stable dispersion rather than true solution in water), it is acceptable to run a test concentration above the solubility limit of the substance to ensure that the maximum soluble/stable concentration has been obtained.
Testen gennemføres uden justering af pH, Hvis der konstateres en væsentlig pH-ændring, anbefales det at gentage testen med justeret pH, og disse resultater rapporteres.
The test should be carried out without adjustment of the pH. If there is evidence of marked change in the pH, it is advised that the test should be repeated with pH adjustment and the results reported.
DIN Testverfahren mit Wasserorganismen, 38 412 (11) und 1 (15).
DIN Testverfahren mit Wasserorganismen, 38 412 (11) und 1 (15).
Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Protection Agency, Methods for the acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians.
Methods for the acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians, The Committee on Methods for Toxidty Tests with Aquatic Organisms, Ecological Research Series EPA-660-75-009, 1975.
The Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms, Ecological Research Series EPA-660-75-009, 1975.
Finney, D.J., Statistical Methods in Biological Assay.
Finney, D.J. Statistical Methods in Biological Assay.
In Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation (edited by F.I. Mayer and J.L.
In Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Evaluation (edited by F.I.
2H2O (calciumchlorid dihydrat):
CaCI2. 2H2O (calcium chloride dihydrate):
7H2O (magnesiumsulfat heptahydrat):
MgSO4. 7H2O (magnesium sulphate heptahydrate):
Det skal bemærkes, at metalholdige stoffer ikke bør testes med medier indeholdende kendte chelaterende stoffer som M4- og M7-medierne i bilag 2. pH skal være mellem 6 og 9.
Note that media containing known chelating agents, such as M4 and M7 media in Appendix 2, should be avoided for testing substances containing metals. The pH should be in the range of 6 to 9.
Hvis pH ikke holder sig i området 6-9, kan der efterfølgende foretages endnu en test, hvor stamopløsningens pH er justeret til pH af fortyndingsvandet, før prøvestof tilsættes. pH-justeringen skal ske således, at stamopløsningens koncentration ikke ændres nævneværdigt, og så det ikke forårsager en kemisk reaktion eller udfældning af prøvestoffet.
If the pH does not remain in the range 6-9, then a second test could be carried out, adjusting the pH of the stock solution to that of the diluition water before addition of the test substance. The pH adjustment should be made in such a way that the stock solution concentration is not changed to any significant extent and that no chemical reaction or precipitation of the test substance is caused.
Koncentrationen af opløst oxygen i kontrollerne skal være i overensstemmelse med validitetskriteriet (se punkt 1.6). pH må normalt ikke variere mere end 1,5 enhed i nogen enkelt test.
The dissolved oxygen concentration in controls should be in compliance with the validity criterion (see Section 1.6). The pH should normally not vary by more than 1,5 units in any one test.
EPS 1/RM/1 1.
EPS 1/RM/11.
20000 gange
20000-fold
2000 gange
2000-fold
1000 gange
1000-fold
20 gange
20-fold
• 7H2O
· 7H2O
10000 gange
10000-fold
• 9H2O
· 9H2O
5000 gange
5000-fold
NB M4-mediet blev første gang beskrevet i Elendt, B. P. (1990): Selenium deficiency in crustacea; an ultrastructual approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus.
the first publication of the M4 medium can be found in Elendt, B. P. (1990). Selenium deficiency in crustacea; an ultrastructual approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus.
Med relativt korte test (72 timer) kan virkningerne vurderes over flere generationer, Da metoden kan tilpasses til brug med adskillige encellede algearter, må forsøgsrapporten indeholde en beskrivelse af den metode, der er anvendt.
Relatively brief (72 hours) tests can assess effects over several generations. This method can be adapted for use with several unicellular algal species, in which case a description of the method used must be provided with the test report.
NH4C1
NH4Cl
DATA OG EVALUERING
DATA AND EVALUATION The measured cell density in the test cultures and controls are tabulated together with the concentrations of the test substance and the times of measurements.
De celletætheder, der er målt i test- og kontrolkulturerne, opstilles i en tabel sammen med teststoffets koncentrationer og måletidspunkterne, Der optegnes vækstkurver for hver teststofkoncentration og for kontrolkulturerne ved afsætning af den gennemsnitlige celletæthed mod tiden (0-72 timer).
The mean value of the cell density for each test substance concentration and for the controls is plotted against time (0-72 h) to produce growth curves. To determine the concentration/effect relationship, the two following approaches should be used.
værdierne afsættes på semilogaritmisk papir eller semilogaritmisk sandsynlighedspapir mod de tilsvarende koncentrationer.
values are plotted on semilogarithmic paper or on semilogarithmic probit paper against the corresponding concentrations.
Benyttes der sandsynlighedspapir, indtegnes den bedste rette linje, enten på øjemål eller ved regressionsberegning.
If plotted on probit paper, the points are fitted by a straight line, either by eye or by a computed regression.
Ud fra regressionslinjen skønnes EC50 ved aflæsning af den koncentration, der svarer til 50 % inhibering (IA = 50 %).
The EC50 is estimated from the regression line by reading off the concentration that is equivalent to a 50 % inhibition (IA = 50 %).
Som utvetydig betegnelse for den værdi, der er fundet ved denne beregningsmetode, foreslås det at benytte EbC50.
To denote this value unambiguously in relation to this method of calculation, it is proposed to use the symbol EbC50.
NOEC
NOEC,
OECD, Paris, 1981, Test Guideline 201, Decision of thc Council C(81) 30 final.
OECD, Paris, 1981, Test Guideline 201, Decision of the Council C(81) 30 Final.
OECD DOC-elim.
OECD Die-Away
i mg/t
as mg/l
helst 7,0
preferably 7,0
DOC opløst organisk kulstof
DOC Dissolved organic Carbon
ThOD teoretisk oxygenforbrug
ThoD Theoretical Oxygen Demand
TS tørstof i suspension
SS Suspended Solids
Vand
Dilution water Deionised or distilled water, free from inhibitory concentrations of toxic substances (e.g. Cu ++ ions) is used.
Det deioniserede eller destillerede vand, der benyttes, må hverken indeholde toksiske stoffer (f.eks. Cu++-ioner) i hæmmende mængder eller organisk kulstof svarende til mere end 10 % af testmaterialets organiske kulstof.
It must contain no more than 10 % of the organic carbon content introduced by the test material. The high purity of the test water is necessary to eliminate high blank values.
Denne høje renhed er nødvendig for at undgik høje blindværdier. Forureninger kan stamme fra naturlige urenheder og fra ionbytterharpikser og lyseret materiale fra bakterier og alger.
Contamination may result from inherent impurities and also from the ion-exchange resins and lysed material from bacterial and algae.
Til hver testserie anvendes kun én bestemt batch af vand, som i forvejen er kontrolleret ved DOC-analyse.
For each series of tests use only one batch of water, checked beforehand by DOC analysis.
En sådan kontrol er ikke nødvendig for Closed Bottle-testen, men oxygenforbruget fra vandet skal være lavt.
Such a check is not necessary for the closed bottle test, but the oxygen consumption of the water must be low.
Stamopløsninger af uorganiske medium
Stock solutions of mineral components
Der fremstilles stamopløsninger af uorganiske medier med passende koncentrationer af salte til brug ved fremstilling af testopløsningerne.
To make up the test solutions, stock solutions of appropriate concentrations of mineral components are made up.
Følgende stamopløsninger kan (med forskellige fortyndingsforhold) anvendes til DOC-eliminering, modificeret OECD-screening, CO2-udvikling, manometrisk respirometri og Closed Bottle-test.
The following stock solutions may be used (with different dilution factors) for the methods DOC Die-Away, Modified OECD Screening, CO2 Evolution, Manometric Respirometry, Closed Bottle test.
Fortyndingsforholdene og for MITI-testens vedkommende fremstilling af det specifikke uorganiske medium, er anført under de enkelte metoder.
The dilution factors and, for the MITI test, the specific preparation of the mineral medium are given under the headings of the specific tests.
Stamopløsninger:
Stock solutions:
Følgende stamopløsninger fremstilles ud fra reagenser af analysekvalitet:
Prepare the following stock solutions, using analytical grade reagents.
monokaliumdihydrogenorthophosphat, KH2PO4
Monopotassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, KH2PO4
dikaliummonohydrogenorthophosphat, K2HPO4
Dipotassium monohydrogen orthophosphate, K2HPO4
dinatriummonohydrogenorthophosphat dihydrat, Na2HPO4 2H2O
Disodium monohydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate Na2HPO4. 2 H2O
Opløses i vand og fortyndes til 1 liter. Opløsningens pH skal være 7,4.
Dissolve in water and make up to 1 litre The pH of the solution should be 7,4.
calciumchlorid, vandfrit, CaCl2
Calcium chloride, anhydrous, CaCl2
eller calciumchlorid dihydrat, CaCl2 2H2O
or Calcium chloride dihydrate, CaCl2, 2 H2O
Opløses i vand og fortyndes til 1 liter.
Dissolve in water and make up to 1 litre
magnesiumsulfat heptahydrat, MgSO4 7H2O
Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, MgSO4. 7 H2O
jern(III)chlorid hexahydrat, FeCl3 6H20
Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, FeC13. 6H2O
Ved beregning af den procentvise nedbrydning Dt anvendes gennemsnitsværdierne af dobbeltbestemmelserne af parameteren i testopslæmningen og inoculumblindprøven.
In the calculation of Dt, percentage degradation, the mean values of the duplicate measurement of the parameter in both test vessels and inoculum blank are used.
Formlerne er givet i afsnittene om de enkelte testmetoder.
The formulas are set out in the sections below on specific tests.
C S(0)
C s(o)
Nedbrydningen følges ved hyppig DOC-analyse i en periode på 28 dage.
Degradation is followed by DOC analysis at frequent intervals over a 28-day period.
Bionedbrydningsgraden beregnes ved at udtrykke koncentrationen af fjernet DOC (korrigere' for koncentrationen i inoculumblindprøven) i procent af startkoncentrationen af DOC. Den primære bionedbrydning kan også beregnes ud fra supplerende kemisk analyse ved inkubationsperiodens begyndelse og afslutning.
The degree of biodegradation is calculated by expressing the concentration of DOC removed (corrected for that in the blank inoculum control) as a percentage of the concentration initially present. The degree of primary biodegradation may also be calculated from supplemental chemical analysis made at the beginning and end of incubation.
anbefalet og om nødvendigt:
preferably and when necessary:
Kolbe 7: adsorptionskontrol
Flask 7: Adsorption control
Kolbe 8: toksicitetskontrol
Flask 8: Toxicity control
-Cbl(o) ×100
-Cbl(o)
Mangansulfat tetrahydrat, MnSO4 4H,0
Manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, MnSO4. 4H2O
Zinksulfat heptahydrat, ZnSO4 7H2O
Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO4. 7H2O
Kolbernes åbning tildækkes, f.eks. med aluminiumfolie, på en sådan måde, at luften frit kan passere ind og ud af kolberne, Dernæst startes testen ved, at kolberne anbringes i rysteapparatet,
Cover the openings of the flasks, e.g. with aluminium foil, in such a way as to allow free exchange of air between the flask and the surrounding atmosphere. Then insert the vessels into the shaking machine for starting the test.
udviklet CO2
formed
blind (mg)
blank (mg)
udviklet CO2 kumuleret (mg)
formed cumulative (mg)
(test minus blindprøve)
(test minus blank mean)
-udvikling i steril kolbe efter 28 dage (mg)
formation in sterile in flask after 28 day (mg)
En afmålt mængde uorganisk medium indeholdende inoculum og, som den nominelle eneste organiske kulstofkilde, teststof i kendt koncentration (100 mg teststof pr. liter svarende til mindst 50-100 mg ThOD pr. l) omrøres i en lukket kolbe ved konstant temperatur (± 1 oC eller mindre) i op til 28 dage, Oxygenforbruget bestemmes enten ved måling af den mængde oxygen (fremstillet elektrolytisk), der kræves til opretholdelse af konstant gasvolumen i respirometerkolben, eller ud fra volumen- eller trykændringen (eller en kombination af dem) i apparatet.
A measured volume of inoculated mineral medium, containing a known concentration of test chemical (100 mg/litre of the test substance, to give at least 50-100 mg ThOD/litre) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon, is stirred in a closed flask at a constant temperature (± 1o C or closer) for up to 28 days. The consumption of oxygen is determined either by measuring the quantity of oxygen (produced electrolytically) required to maintain constant gas volume in the respirometer flask, or from the change in volume or pressure (or a combination of the two) in the apparatus.
opt.
upt.
(mg) teststof
(mg) test chemical
(mg) blindprøve
(mg) blank
For at være sikker på, at inoculumaktiviteten ikke begrænses, må koncentrationen af opløst oxygen ikke falde til under 0,5 mg/l i BOD-kolberne, hvilket begrænser testkemikaliets koncentration til ca. 2 mg/l.
In order to ensure that the inoculum activity is not limited, the concentration of dissolved oxygen must not fall below 0,5 mg/litre in the BOD bottles. This limits the concentration of test chemical to about 2 mg/litre.
Af tungt nedbrydelige stoffer og stoffer med lavt ThOD kan der dog anvendes 5-10 mg/l.
However, for poorly degradable compounds and those with a low ThOD, 5-10 mg/litre can be used.
I visse tilfælde tilrådes det at køre parallelle serier med teststof i to forskellige koncentrationer, f.eks. 2 og 5 mg/l.
In some cases, it would be advisable to run parallel series of test chemical at two different concentrations, for example, 2 and 5 mg/litre.
BLINDPRØVER FOR TAB AF DO
BLANK DO DEPLETIONS Oxygen consumption by blank: (mbo - mb28) mg/litre.
Opløsningens pH skal være 7,2.
The pH value of the solution should be 7,2
calciumchlorid, vandfrit, CaCl2
Calcium chloride anhydrous, CaCl2
jern(III)chlorid hexahydrat, FcCl3 6 H2O
Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, FeCl3 6 H2O
Der udtages 3 ml af opløsning a), b), c) og d), som fortyndes til 1 liter.
Take 3 ml of each solution (a), (b), (c) and (d) and make up to 1 litre.
Fremstilling af inoculum
Preparation of inoculum
Der indsamles friske prøver fra mindst 10 lokaliteter, hovedsagelig områder, hvor der anvendes og udledes forskellige kemikalier.
Collect fresh samples from no fewer than ten sites, mainly in areas where a variety of chemicals are used and discharged.
Fra sådanne lokaliteter som spildevandsanlæg, vandløb, søer og havområder indsamles 1-liters prøver af slam, overfladejord, vand, mv., og det hele blandes grundigt.
From sites such as sewage treatment works, industrial waste-water treatment, rivers, lakes, seas, collect 11 samples of sludge, surface soil, water, etc. and mix thoroughly together.
Materiale, der flyder ovenpå, fjernes, og efter henstand indstilles supernatantens pH til 7 ± 1 med natriumhydroxid og phosphorsyre.
After removing floating matter and allowing to stand, adjust the supernatant to pH 7 ± 1 with sodium hydroxide or phosphoric acid.