natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hovedkriterierne for opdeling af og sondring mellem senderettigheder på tv-området er:
The main criteria for the breakdown and differentiation of broadcasting rights are:
programtype: spillefilm og de nyeste serier, sportsbegivenheder, andet tv-indhold (arkivprogrammer og flow-programmer (programmer med kort levetid))
the nature of the programme: films and recent series; sports events; other broadcasting content (stock and flow programmes);
distributionsplatform: kabel, satellit, DSL samt analogt og digitalt jordbaseret net
the distribution platform: cable, satellite, DSL and terrestrial (analogue and digital); and
distributionstype: klassiske lineære tv-programmer og ikke-lineære tv-tjenester (Pay Per View (»PPV«) og Video on Demand (»VoD«)).
the form of delivery: conventional (linear) TV channels and ‘non-linear’ TV services (pay per view (PPV) and video on demand (VoD)).
I første led er tv-udbyderne via DSL i Frankrig primært aktive på området for opkøb af senderettigheder til VoD.
On upstream markets, DSL television operators in France are engaged mainly in the purchase of VoD broadcasting rights.
Selv om Télé 2 ikke har været aktiv på VoD-området inden transaktionen, var selskabet alligevel en potentiel deltager på markedet for opkøb af senderettigheder til VoD.
Although it did not produce a VoD service prior to the transaction, Télé 2 was nevertheless a potential entrant to the market for purchase of VoD broadcasting rights.
Med henblik på den konkurrencemæssige vurdering af denne transaktion og på basis af resultaterne af markedsundersøgelsen er det nødvendigt at definere et særskilt marked for opkøb af rettigheder til spillefilm bestemt til VoD.
For purposes of the competition assessment of the transaction at hand and on the basis of the findings of the market survey, a separate market must be defined for the acquisition of VoD broadcasting rights to films.
Det mellemliggende marked for markedsføring af kanaler
‘Intermediate’ markets for the distribution of channels
På det mellemliggende marked sættes tv-programproducenterne i forbindelse med udbyderne af betalings-tv-tjenester.
These intermediate markets bring together TV channel producers and distributors of pay-TV services.
Ifølge Kommissionens faste beslutningspraksis sondres der mellem gratiskanaler, som stort set finansieres af reklamemidler (evt. suppleret med offentlige midler i tilfælde af offentlige kanaler) og betalingskanaler, som hovedsageligt finansieres af midler fra afgifter, der betales af distributørerne.
Commission decisions have consistently drawn a distinction between free channels, which are chiefly financed by advertising revenues (public channels may also be financed by public funds), and pay-TV channels, which are mainly financed by the fees paid by distributors.
Kommissionen har gentagne gange overvejet at foretage en opdeling af markedet på basis af kanaltema (f.eks. premium og sport) uden dog at tage endelig stilling til dette spørgsmål.
The Commission has on several occasions considered a breakdown based on the themes of the channels (in particular premium and sports channels), but has not yet reached a definite decision on this issue.
Uden at tage stilling hertil vurderer Kommissionen, at en attraktiv kanalpakke er en basispakke bestående af forskellige hovedtemaer (premium, film, ungdom, sport, information) suppleret med en række andre temaer, som kan substitueres mere eller mindre med hinanden).
Although it is not necessary to reach a definitive conclusion on this question, the Commission’s analysis is that an attractive package is a ‘basic’ package made up of several main themes (premium, film, youth, sport and news) plus a number of other themes that are more or less substitutable for one another.
Endelig foretager konkurrencemyndighederne ikke nogen opdeling på basis af distributionsteknik (dvs. ved at skelne mellem de forskellige distributionsplatforme som kabel, satellit eller senest DLS), fordi producenter principielt ønsker at opnå bredest mulig markedsføring af deres kanaler for at maksimere deres fortjeneste og i det mindste være til stede på alle distributionsplatforme via eksklusive multiplatforme.
In principle the competition authorities do not apply a breakdown by technical means of delivery, i.e. do not distinguish between different broadcasting platforms such as cable, satellite or, more recently, DSL, since in principle producers want their channels to be distributed as widely as possible in order to maximise revenues and, at the very least, to have a presence on all the broadcasting platforms through exclusive rights for more than one platform.
Markedet for detaildistribution af betalings-tv-tjenester
The downstream market for retail distribution of pay-TV services
Ifølge Kommissionens faste praksis udgør distribution af betalings-tv og gratis-tv to særskilte produktmarkeder.
The Commission’s consistent practice has been to consider distribution of pay TV and free TV as two separate product markets.
Ud fra en efterspørgselssynsvinkel er udbud af betalings-tv og gratis-tv kun i begrænset omfang substituerbare.
Pay TV and free TV service offerings are not very substitutable from the standpoint of demand.
Under vurderingen af den foreliggende transaktion er der ikke sat spørgsmålstegn ved denne grundlæggende opdeling.
The investigation of the case at hand does not challenge this basic distinction.
Den markedsundersøgelse, der er gennemført i forbindelse med transaktionen, ser i øvrigt ud til at bekræfte, at der ikke er grund til at opdele markedet på basis af de forskellige distributionsformer for betalings-tv (kabel, satellit, DSL, jordbaseret net), fordi de forskellige platforme i stigende grad udbyder det samme indhold.
The market survey carried out in connection with the transaction tends to confirm that it is not necessary to segment the market according to the different means of broadcasting pay TV (cable, satellite, DSL, terrestrial), particularly in view of the growing convergence of different platforms in terms of content.
I den foreliggende sag er det ikke nødvendigt at tage stilling til, om de nye tv-distributionstjenester via mobiltelefonplatformen udgør et særskilt marked, fordi SFR allerede inden fusionen var mobiltelefonudbyder, og da Télé 2’s mobiltelefoniaktiviteter ikke er berørt af transaktionen.
Nor, for the purposes of the case at hand, is it necessary to give an opinion on whether the emerging TV services via mobile telephony platforms form a separate market, since, on the one hand, SFR is a mobile telephony operator prior to the transaction and, on the other, Télé 2’s mobile telephony business is not involved in the transaction.
De geografiske markeder
Geographic markets
I overensstemmelse med sin faste beslutningspraksis går Kommissionen ud fra, at der med hensyn til alle de ovenfor afgrænsede markeder er tale om et nationalt marked.
In line with the position consistently taken in its decisions, the Commission has applied a national dimension to all the markets defined above.
Med hensyn til erhvervelse af indhold (rettigheder eller programmer) sker forhandlinger mellem udbyder og aftager på nationalt grundlag (hvad enten der er tale om rettigheder til nationalt eller udenlandsk indhold).
As regards the acquisition of content (rights or channels), the negotiations between providers and customers are organised on a national basis regardless of whether the rights are over national or foreign content.
Med hensyn til markedet for distribution af betalings-tv bemærkes det, at de forskellige distributionsformer dækker hele det nationale territorium (satellit) eller gradvis skal dække det hele eller en stor del af dette område (TNT, DSL og kabel).
With regard to the downstream pay-TV market, the different means of delivery either cover the whole of the national territory (satellite) or are gradually covering all or a large part of it (DTT, DSL and cable).
Det bemærkes endelig, at betalings-tv-distributørerne har en ensartet prispolitik for hele området.
It should also be noted that pay-TV distributors have a uniform tariff policy for the whole of the country.
VURDERING
COMPETITION ANALYSIS
Markedets funktion før den anmeldte transaktion
Operation of the market before the notified transaction
Inden transaktionen var Vivendi-gruppen direkte aktiv på markedet for distribution af betalings-tv i Frankrig via satellit og jordbaserede net.
At present, before the transaction, the Vivendi group distributes pay TV in France direct by satellite and by terrestrial transmission.
Vivendis kanalpakker udbydes ligeledes via DSL.
Vivendi’s channel packages are also available by DSL.
Da Vivendi ikke rådede over DSL-infrastruktur inden fusionen, har selskabet været nødt til at benytte DSL-operatørnettet for at distribuere sine kanalpakker.
But without the transaction Vivendi has no DSL infrastructure of its own, and to distribute these channels it has to make use of DSL operators’ networks.
DSL-operatørerne varetager imidlertid kun transporten af Vivendis kanalpakker og ikke distributionen heraf, da Vivendi bevarer den direkte kommercielle forbindelse med sine abonnenter.
Thus the DSL operators act only as carriers of Vivendi’s packages and never as distributors; Vivendi keeps the direct commercial relationship with subscribers to its packages for itself.
DSL-operatørerne som f.eks. Télé 2 intervenerer derfor udelukkende som distributører på betalings-tv-markedet af deres »egne« pakker; det vil sige pakker bestående af de tv-programmer og –tjenester, som de selv har erhvervet senderettigheder til hos producenterne, og som de bagefter udbyder direkte til slutbrugerne.
On the pay-TV market, therefore, DSL operators such as Télé 2 act as distributors only in respect of their own, ‘proprietary’ packages, that is to say packages of channels and television services for which they themselves acquire the broadcasting rights from the producers and which they then offer direct to the final consumer.
Disse pakker sælges som såkaldte »multiple play«-udbud og omfatter ligeledes teletjenester (telefoni og/eller højhastighedsinternetadgang).
These proprietary packages are marketed as part of what are known as ‘multiple-play’ offerings, which also include telecommunications services such as telephone services or high-speed Internet access.
DSL- og TNT-platformene (jordbaseret digital-tv) er de mest dynamiske distributionsformer og de vigtigste vækstfaktorer på det franske marked for betalings-tv, medens væksten på satellit- og kabelområdet målt i abonnenttal har været mere beskeden.
The DSL and digital terrestrial television (DTT) platforms are the most dynamic forms of distribution and the main vectors of growth in the market for pay TV in France, while growth in the numbers of satellite and cable subscribers has been relatively moderate.
Under hensyntagen til den forventede stigning i den andel af den franske befolkning, der råder over DSL-forbindelse inden for de kommende år, forventes der automatisk også en kraftig stigning i antallet af abonnenter, der benytter DSL-udbydernes multiple play-udbud.
Given the increase forecast in the number of households with a DSL connection in France in the next few years, the number of subscribers to the DSL operators’ multiple-play offerings should in the nature of things continue to grow rapidly.
Den dynamiske udvikling på DSL-området skyldes, at DSL har visse komparative fordele i forhold til de andre platforme:
The dynamism of the DSL operators is due to the comparative advantages they have over other platforms:
økonomiske fordele ved »multiple play« (højhastighedsinternetadgang, IP-telefoni, fjernsyn og efterhånden mobiltelefoni), som ikke kan opnås via satellit og TNT
they have the commercial advantages of multiple-play, which are not available to satellite and DTT (high-speed Internet, IP telephone services, television, and gradually also mobile telephone services);
tekniske fordele: transmission via den klassiske telefonledning (kobberkabel), mulighed for innovative tjenester som VoD (som ikke kan udbydes via satellit og TNT på grund af manglende returkanal) udover de klassiske PPV-tjenester.
they also have technical advantages, in that their services are provided by conventional telephone line (copper pair), and they can offer innovative services such as VoD (unlike satellite and DTT, for want of a return path) as well as conventional PPV services.
Markedsundersøgelsen har dog vist, at DSL-operatørernes egne programpakker i øjeblikket kun udøver et mindre konkurrencepres på Vivendi-gruppens udbud, fordi de ikke kan få adgang til et attraktivt tv-indhold.
However, the market survey showed that the DSL operators’ own television packages currently exert only weak competitive pressure on the Vivendi group’s offerings as a result of their lack of access to attractive television content.
Denne begrænsning er en direkte følge af de eksklusivaftaler, som Vivendi har indgået med næsten alle de mest attraktive og kendte programproducenter i Frankrig, både producenter inden for og uden for gruppen.
This is the direct result of the exclusive contracts concluded by Vivendi with almost all the producers of the most attractive and best-known channels in France, whether outsiders or producers belonging to its own group.
Horisontale virkninger
Horizontal effects
På basis af oplysningerne fra markedsundersøgelsens anden fase anslår Kommissionen, at Vivendis markedsandel målt i abonnenter ligger på mellem [60-70] %.
On the basis of the information gathered during the second stage of the investigation, the Commission estimates Vivendi’s share of the market at between [60-70] % in number of subscribers.
Vivendis markedsandel beregnet efter omsætning ligger under alle omstændigheder betydeligt over andelen målt efter abonnenter som følge af salgsprisen på dets tv-udbud sammenlignet med konkurrenternes priser.
In any event, Vivendi’s market share measured in turnover is very much greater than its market share measured in number of subscribers, because of the difference between the selling price of its offerings and those of its competitors.
Télé 2 har en meget lille markedsandel på under 1 %.
Télé 2 has a very small market share, at less than 1 %.
Ifølge de oplysninger, der er fremlagt af anmelderen for 2006, tegnede Télé 2 sig for under 2 % af nettotilgangen på hele markedet.
According to the figures supplied by the notifying party, Télé 2 accounted for less than 2 % of net recruitment over the whole market in 2006.
Selv om Télé 2’s lille markedsandel skyldes, at selskabet kom relativt sent ind på markedet for betalings-tv (juni 2006), ser det ikke ud til, at dette selskab kommer til at spille nogen særlig rolle på dette marked og vil ikke gøre det i en forudseelig fremtid.
The small size of Télé 2’s market share may be due to its relatively late entry into the market in pay TV (June 2006), but there is nothing to suggest that Télé 2 plays a special role in the market, or that it can be expected to play such a role in the foreseeable future.
Ifølge de faktuelle oplysninger, der er fremlagt af den anmeldende part og de tredjeparter, der er udspurgt som led i markedsundersøgelsen, er Télé 2’s aktuelle markedsandel stort set repræsentativ for det konkurrencepres, som selskabet udøver og forventes at udøve på markedet.
According to the factual evidence provided by the notifying party and the third parties questioned during the course of the market survey, Télé 2’s current market share is generally representative of the competition it exerts or might come to exert in the market.
Det fremgår af markedsundersøgelsen, at Télé 2 ikke har nogen særlig fordel i forhold til de øvrige DSL-operatører, og at selskabet derfor ikke — uden den foreliggende transaktion — forventedes at vokse hurtigere end markedsgennemsnittet.
The market survey showed that Télé 2 has no specific advantages over other DSL operators, and consequently that in the absence of the present transaction it could not be expected to grow more rapidly than the average for the market.
Markedsundersøgelsen viste imidlertid, at Télé 2 hurtigt ville kunne styrke sin position betydeligt på markedet for distribution af betalings-tv, hvis Vivendi gav selskabet særbehandling, hvad angår adgang til tv-indhold.
But the market survey also showed that, if Vivendi were to give Télé 2 privileged access to programme content, Télé 2 could strengthen its position in the downstream market for the distribution of pay TV rapidly and substantially.
Horisontale virkninger
Vertical effects
Undersøgelsens anden fase, som bekræftede den alvorlige tvivl, der blev givet udtryk for i beslutningen om at indlede proceduren, viste klart, at Vivendis incitament til fortsat ikke at favorisere visse DSL-operatører med hensyn til adgang til indhold (kanaler og tv-programmer) forsvinder eller bliver væsentligt begrænset efter transaktionen.
The second stage of the investigation — bearing out the serious concerns expressed in the decision to initiate proceedings — clearly confirmed that Vivendi’s incentive to avoid favouring any particular DSL operator in terms of access to content (channels and programmes) will disappear or will be very substantially reduced post-merger.
Så snart Vivendi fungerer som fuldgyldig DSL-operatør, bortfalder selskabets incitament til ikke at diskriminere mellem DSL-operatører.
Once Vivendi becomes a fully fledged DSL operator, its incentive to avoid discriminating between DSL operators will be removed.
Vivendi vil have interesse i at favorisere SFR/Télé 2 for at få størst mulig del i DSL-segmentets vækst på markedet for distribution af betalings-tv.
It will have an interest in favouring SFR/Télé 2, in order to capture for itself the biggest share possible in the growth in the DSL segment of the downstream market in the distribution of pay TV.
På grund af den dominerende stilling, som Vivendi har på rettigheds- og producentmarkedet, vil Vivendi i høj grad kunne styrke SFR/Télé 2’s egen pakke ved at stille et attraktivt og/eller differentieret indhold (kanaler og tv-rettigheder) til rådighed, som ikke er tilgængeligt for de andre DSL-operatører, eller er det på mindre favorable vilkår end dem, der tilbydes SFR/Télé 2.
Vivendi’s very substantial position in the upstream and intermediate markets would enable it to boost the proprietary package of SFR/Télé 2 considerably by giving it attractive and/or differentiated content (channels or broadcasting rights) which is not accessible to other DSL operators or which is available to them only on terms less advantageous than those granted to SFR/Télé 2.
I det omfang, hvor telekomponenten (telefoni og internet) i DSL-operatørernes multiple- play-udbud er relativt standardiseret, vil en sådan styrkelse af tv-komponenten i Télé 2’s multiple play-udbud medføre, at Télé 2 adskiller sig betydeligt fra konkurrenterne, og at dets udbud bliver væsentligt mere attraktivt.
Insofar as the telecommunications component (telephone and Internet) of DSL operators’ multiple-play offerings is relatively standard, such a strengthening of the television component in Télé 2’s multiple-play offering would differentiate it strongly and would make it a great deal more attractive.
Gennem en sådan diskriminerende praksis bliver Télé 2’s udbud betydeligt mere attraktivt (og hermed øges dets abonnentgrundlag), uden at de konkurrerende DSL-operatører reelt har mulighed for at få adgang til tilsvarende indhold.
These discriminatory measures would bring about a substantial increase in the attractiveness of Télé 2’s offerings, and consequently of its subscriber base, while competing DSL operators would have no real access to equivalent content.
DSL-operatørernes stilling på markedet for distribution af betalings-tv vil derfor blive betydeligt svækket, hvilket samtidig bevirker, at deres stilling som potentielle købere af distributionsrettigheder til kanaler eller senderettigheder til tv-programmer svækkes.
The position of DSL operators on the downstream market in the distribution of pay TV would be significantly weakened, and this would also weaken their position as potential buyers of rights for the distribution of channels or the broadcasting of television programmes.
Vivendis forhandlingsposition på rettigheds- og producentmarkedet vil blive væsentligt styrket gennem udvidelsen af dets abonnementsgrundlag.
Vivendi’s negotiating position in the upstream and intermediate markets would be greatly reinforced by the broadening of its subscriber base.
Det konkluderes, at transaktionen, således som den oprindeligt var forslået, medfører, at der er risiko for, at det konkurrencepres, der udøves af DSL-operatørerne på markedet for distribution af betalings-tv svækkes, selv om det allerede er svækket på grund af den dominerende stilling, som Vivendi allerede har på markedet for betalings-tv i Frankrig.
In conclusion, the proposed transaction as originally notified might weaken the emerging competitive pressure exerted by DSL operators on the downstream market in the distribution of pay TV, which is already fragile as a result of the very strong position held by Vivendi in all markets for pay TV in France.
Svækkelsen af den potentielle konkurrence fra DSL-operatørerne på distributionsmarkedet bevirker, at den meget stærke position, som Vivendi har på rettigheds- og producentmarkedet, forstærkes i tilsvarende grad.
The weakening of potential competition from DSL operators in the downstream market would produce a corresponding reinforcement of the very strong positions held by Vivendi in the upstream and intermediate markets.
KORRIGERENDE FORANTALTNINGER
REMEDIES
For at afhjælpe risikoen for, at konkurrencen begrænses som ovenfor anført, afgav SFR og Vivendi en række tilsagn den 13. juni 2007.
In order to address the risks to competition set out above, SFR and Vivendi submitted commitments on 13 June 2007.
Disse tilsagn vedrører primært betingelserne for adgang til tre typer indhold: kanaler (tilsagn 1 og 2), kanalpakker og mini-kanalpakker (tilsagn 3) og VoD-rettigheder (tilsagn 4).
Essentially, the commitments concern access conditions for three types of content: channels (commitments 1 and 2), channel packages and mini-packages (commitment 3) and VoD rights (commitment 4).
Tilsagnene vedrører tre kategorier af kanaler:
The commitments concern three types of channel:
»kanalerne i kategori 1« er »lineære tematiske kanaler (som ikke omfatter VoD- og VoD-tjenester) produceret af Vivendi-gruppen«
‘Category 1’ channels are ‘linear thematic channels, i.e. not including VoD and sVoD services, produced by Vivendi Group’;
»kanalerne i kategori 2« er »lineære tematiske kanaler produceret af tredjeparter (herunder minoritetsaktionærer i Canal+ France), hvor Vivendi-gruppen har enedistributionsret til xDSL«, og
‘Category 2’ channels are ‘linear thematic channels produced by third parties (including minority shareholders in Canal+ France), for which Vivendi Group holds exclusive xDSL distribution rights’; and
»kanalerne i kategori 3« er »lineære tematiske kanaler produceret af tredjeparter (herunder minoritetsaktionærer i Canal+ France), hvor Vivendi-gruppen ikke har enedistributionsret til xDSL«.
‘Category 3’ channels are ‘linear thematic channels produced by third parties (including minority shareholders in Canal+ France), for which Vivendi Group does not hold exclusive xDSL distribution rights’.
Formålet med tilsagn 1 er at sikre, at Vivendi ikke indrømmer SFR/Télé 2 mere favorable betingelser end andre DSL-operatører, hvad angår de programmer, Vivendi producerer, eller de kanaler, for hvilke Vivendi har eller får eksklusive distributionsrettigheder til DSL.
Under commitment 1, Vivendi undertakes not to offer more favourable conditions to SFR/Télé 2 than to other DSL operators in respect of the channels it produces or the channels for which it holds or would hold exclusive xDSL distribution rights.
I medfør af dette tilsagn skal Vivendi tilbyde DSL-operatører de kanaler, der distribueres af SFR/Télé 2, på normale markedsvilkår, som ikke må være mindre favorable end dem, der indrømmes SFR/Télé 2.
Under this commitment, Vivendi must offer the channels distributed by SFR/Télé2 to all DSL operators on normal market conditions which are not less favourable than those granted to SFR/Télé 2.