natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin tilføjes normalt til behandlingen af anfald, hvis primidom/phenobarbital ikke kan regulere anfaldene.
Phenytoin is generally added to the treatment of seizure control if primidone/phenobarbital does not control the seizures.
Phenytoin er et calciumkanalblokerende stof, som er nyttigt i behandlingen af tilbagevendende former for rhabdomyolyse
Phenytoin is a calcium channel-blocking agent and useful for the treatment of recurrent forms of rhabdomyolysis.
Alternativer: Diazepam, phenytoin
Identification of alternatives: diazepam, phenytoin.
Specifikke fordele: Primidon gives som opfølgning på diazepambehandling eller som alternativ hertil
Discussion of the specific advantages: primidone is indicated as follow-on from diazepam therapy or as an alternative.
Gastrointestinale stoffer
Gastrointestinal agents
Formål: Behandling af ileus, behandling af gastroduodenal forsnævring hos føl, behandling af tilbagevendende colonobstipation hos voksne individer
Purpose: treatment of ileus, treatment of gastroduodenal stricture in foals, treatment of recurrent small colon impactions in adults.
Alternativer: Neostigmin, metoclopramid, cisaprid, erythomycin og andre prokinetiske stoffer
Identification of alternatives: neostigmine, metoclopramide, cisapride, erythromycin and other prokinetic substances.
Specifikke fordele: Betanechol er en muskarin kolinergisk agonist, som stimulerer acetylkolinreceptorerne på de gastrointestinale glatte muskler og får dem til at trække sig sammen.
Discussion of the specific advantages: betanechol is a muscarinic cholinergic agonist that stimulates acetylcholine receptors on gastrointestinal smooth muscles, causing them to contract.
Det er påvist, at dette forbedrer tømningen af mave og tarm.
It has been shown to increase the rate of gastric and caecal emptying.
Det er påvist, at såvel betanechol som metoclopramid har en gavnlig virkning i behandlingen af postoperativ ileus
Both betanechol and metoclopramide have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of post-operative ileus.
Dioctylsodium-sulfosuccinat
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Formål: Behandling af obstipation
Purpose: treatment of impactions.
Alternativer: Mineralolie
Identification of alternatives: mineral oil.
Specifikke fordele: I forhold til mineralolie opnås en forbedret blødgørelse af tarmindholdet, fordi stoffet forstærker vandindtrængningen i den sammenpressede fækalmasse
Discussion of the specific advantages: achieves improved softening of intestinal contents when compared to mineral oil as it potentiates the penetration of water into the impacted faecal mass.
Formål: Behandling af postoperativ ileus
Purpose: treatment of post-operative ileus.
Alternativer: Bethanechol, neostigmin, cisaprid, erythomycin og andre prokinetiske stoffer
Identification of alternatives: bethanechol, neostigmine, cisapride, erythromycin and other prokinetic substances.
Specifikke fordele: Metoclopramid er et benzamidsubstitut med adskillige virkemekanismer: 1) Det er en dopamidreceptorantagonist, 2) det øger frigørelsen af acetylkolin fra indre kolinergiske neuroner og 3) det har en adrenergisk blokerende virkning.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Metoclopramide is a substituted benzamide with several mechanisms of action: (1) it is a dopamine receptor antagonist; (2) it augments the release of acetylcholine from intrinsic cholinergic neurons and (3) it has adrenergic blocking activity.
Det er virksomt til genoprettelse af den gastrointestinale balance efter en operation, eftersom det mindsker volumen, hyppigheden og varigheden af gastrisk refluks.
It is effective in restoring gastrointestinal coordination post operatively and it decreases the total volume, rate and duration of gastric reflux.
Metraclopramid er et prokinetisk lægemiddel, som er mere virksomt i det proksimale gastrointestinale system.
Metaclopramide is a prokinetic drug, which acts more in the proximal gastrointestinal tract.
Propanthelinbromid
Propantheline bromide
Formål: Antiperistaltisk
Purpose: anti-peristaltic.
Alternativer: Atropin, lidocain, som gives fortyndet intrarektalt som lavement
Identification of alternatives: atropine, lidocaine given diluted intrarectally as an enema.
Specifikke fordele: Propanthelinbromid er et syntetisk kvaternært ammoniumantikolinergikum, som hæmmer gastrointestinal motilitet og spasmer og mindsker mavesyresekretionen.
Discussion of the specific advantages: propantheline bromide is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic which inhibits gastrointestinal motility and spasm and diminishes gastric acid secretion.
Det hæmmer også virkningen af acetylkolin ved de postganglioniske nerveender i det parasympatiske nervesystem.
It also inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic nerve endings of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Dets virkning er atropinlignende, men af længere varighed (6 timer).
Its effects are similar to those of atropine although they last longer (six hours).
Propanthelinbromid er vigtigt til mindskning af peristalsis for at undgå rektalskade under rektal palpation eller til undersøgelse og behandling af en potentiel rektalskade, hvor det kan være vanskeligt at gennemføre et effektivt lidocainlavement
Propantheline bromide is an important choice for decreasing peristalsis to avoid rectal tearing during rectal palpation or to explore and treat a potential rectal tear where it can be difficult to get a lidocaine enema to work effectively.
Dantrolensodium
Dantrolene sodium
Formål: Behandling af rhabdomyolyse.
Purpose: treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
Behandling af malign hypertermi under anæstesi
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia during anaesthesia.
Alternativer: Phenytoin
Identification of alternatives: phenytoin.
Specifikke fordele: Dantrolen har en muskelafslappende virkning ved direkte anvendelse på muskler og hæmmer calciumfrigørelsen fra det sarkoplasmiske retikulum og forårsager således en dissociation af eksitations-kontraktionskoblingen.
Discussion of the specific advantages: dantrolene exhibits muscle relaxation activity by direct action on muscle as it inhibits the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus causes a dissociation of excitation-contraction coupling.
Det er påvist, at såvel phenytoin og dantrolensodium er nyttige i behandlingen af tilbagevendende former for rhabdomyolyse
Both phenytoin and dantrolene sodium have been found to be useful in the treatment of recurrent forms of rhabdomyolysis.
Antimikrobielle stoffer
Antimicrobials
Infektioner med klebsiella ssp
Klebsiella ssp. infections
Formål: Infektioner med klebsiella ssp
Purpose: treatment of Klebsiella ssp. infections.
Specifikke fordele: Særligt antibiotikum ved infektioner med klebsiella ssp.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Specific antibiotic for Klebsiella ssp. infections.
Infektioner med rhodococcus equi
Rhodococcus equi infections
Formål: Infektioner med rhodococcus equi
Purpose: treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections.
Alternativer: Erythromycin
Identification of alternatives: erythromycin.
Specifikke fordele: Almindelig behandling i kombination med rifampicin, som bedre tåles af føl end erythromycin
Discussion of the specific advantages: standard treatment in combination with rifampicin, better tolerated in foals than erythromycin.
Specifikke fordele: Behandling af rhodococcus equi i kombination med erythromycin eller azithromycin.
Discussion of the specific advantages: treatment of Rhodococcus equi in combination with erythromycin or azithromycin.
Den foretrukne behandling
Treatment of choice.
Septisk arthritis
Septic arthritis
Formål: Behandling af septisk arthritis
Purpose: treatment of septic arthritis.
Alternativer: Gentamicin eller andre aminoglykosider
Identification of alternatives: gentamicin or other aminoglykosides.
Specifikke fordele: Tåles bedre af føl end gentamicin eller andre aminoglykosider
Discussion of the specific advantages: better tolerated in foals than gentamicin or other aminoglykosides.
Respiratoriske lægemidler
Respiratory medicines
Formål: Sufaktantstimulation hos for tidligt fødte føl
Purpose: stimulation of surfactant in the premature foal.
Formål: Bronchodilation
Purpose: bronchodilation.
Specifikke fordele: Antikolinergisk virkning.
Discussion of the specific advantages: anticholinergic action.
Nødvendig behandlingsform, da den i visse tilfælde er mere effektiv end β-agonister
Necessary as therapeutic choice as in some cases more efficacious than β-agonists.
Formål: Behandling af nasale ødemer
Purpose: treatment of nasal oedema.
Alternativer: Phenylephrin
Identification of alternatives: phenylephrine.
Specifikke fordele: α-adrenoceptoragonist med stærke vasokonstriktoriske egenskaber, som foretrækkes frem for phenylephrin på grund af dets længerevarende virkning
Discussion of the specific advantages: α-adrenoceptor agonist with strong vasoconstrictive properties which is used in preference to phenylephrine due to the fact that it is longer-acting.
Antiprozoale stoffer
Antiprotozoal agents
Formål: Behandling af equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
Purpose: treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
Alternativer: Pyrimethamin
Identification of alternatives: pyrimethamine.
Specifikke fordele: I nogle tilfælde er sygdommen ikke refraktær over for pyrimethaminbehandling, hvorfor der er behov for et alternativ
Discussion of the specific advantages: disease sometimes refractory to treatment with pyrimethamine, and therefore an alternative is required.
Pyrimethamin
Pyrimethamine
Alternativer: Isometamidium
Identification of alternatives: isometamidium.
Specifikke fordele: En helbredelsesprocent på mindst 75 ved brug i forbindelse med sulfadiazinsulfonamid
Discussion of the specific advantages: at least 75 % success rate when used in conjunction with sulfadiazine-sulfonamide.
Ophthalmiske lægemidler
Ophthalmic medicines
Okulære sår
Ocular ulcers
Aciclovir
Acyclovir
Formål: Behandling af okulære sår (antiviralt lægemiddel).
Purpose: treatment of ocular ulcers (antiviral medicine).
Lokalanvendelse
Topical use.
Alternativer: Idoxuridin
Identification of alternatives: idoxuridine.
Specifikke fordele: Både aciclovir og idoxuridin har vist sig at være lige virksomme i behandlingen af ulcerøs herpetisk keratitis
Discussion of the specific advantages: both acyclovir and idoxuridine have been shown to be equally effective in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis.
Alternativer: Aciclovir
Identification of alternatives: acyclovir.
Phenylephrin
Phenylephrine
Formål: Behandling af glaukom, epiphora, nasale ødemer og miltsygdomme
Purpose: treatment of glaucoma, epiphora, nasal oedema and splenic entrapment.
Alternativer: Tropicamid (mod glaukom), ellers ingen
Identification of alternatives: tropicamide, (for glaucoma), otherwise none identified.
Specifikke fordele: Både phenylenphrin og tropicamid har vist sig at være lige virksomme i behandlingen af glaukom
Discussion of the specific advantages: both phenylephrine and tropicamide have been shown to be equally effective in the treatment of glaucoma.
Tropicamid
Tropicamide
Formål: Behandling af glaukom.
Purpose: treatment of glaucoma.
Alternativer: Latanoprost, timololmaleat
Identification of alternatives: latanoprost, timolol maleate.
Specifikke fordele: Dets særlige virkemåde, som carboanhydrasehæmmer.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Vigtig behandlingsform
Important therapeutic choice.
Alternativer: Dorzolamid, timololmaleat
Identification of alternatives: dorzolamide, timolol maleate.
Specifikke fordele: Dets særlige virkemåde som prostaglandin F2α-analog.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a prostaglandin F2α-analogue.
Timololmaleat
Timolol maleate
Alternativer: Dorzolamid, latanoprost
Identification of alternatives: dorzolamide, latanoprost
Specifikke fordele: Dets særlige virkemåde som non-selektiv beta-adrenergisk receptorblokerende stof forårsager vasokonstriktion, som igen mindsker øjets kammervand.
Discussion of the specific advantages: its specific mode of action as a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, causes vasoconstriction, which in turns leads to decrease of the aqueous humour.
Formål: Immunosuppressivt stof, der anvendes i behandlingen af autoimmune øjensygdomme
Purpose: immunosuppressive used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the eye.
Formål: Behandling af smerter og inflammation i øjet, non-steroid anti-inflammatorisk lægemiddel, øjendråber, lokalanvendelse
Purpose: treatment of eye pain and inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, eye drops, topical use.
Specifikke fordele: Størst klinisk erfaring med ketoralac i forhold til andre potentielle kandidater til listen over uundværlige stoffer
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ketorolac compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Formål: Behandling af øjeninfektioner, der er resistente over for almindeligt anvendte ophthalmiske antibiotikabehandlinger
Purpose: treatment of eye infections resistant to commonly used ophthalmic antibiotic treatments.
Alternativer: Ciprofloxacin, cefamandol, almindeligt anvendte ophthalmiske antibiotikabehandlinger
Identification of alternatives: ciprofloxacin, cefamandole, commonly employed ophthalmic antibiotic treatments
Specifikke fordele: Størst klinisk erfaring med ofloxacin i forhold til andre potentielle kandidater til listen over uundværlige stoffer.
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ofloxacin compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Sammenlignet med almindeligt anvendte ophthalmiske antibiotikabehandlinger bør ofloxacin kun anvendes som reserveantibiotikum i individuelle tilfælde
Compared to commonly employed ophthalmic antibiotic treatments ofloxacin should only be used as a reserve antibiotic in individual cases.
Formål: Diagnostisk redskab ved corneal ulceration, lokalanvendelse
Purpose: diagnostic tool for corneal ulceration, topical use.
Alternativer: Rose bengal
Identification of alternatives: Rose Bengal.
Specifikke fordele: Rose bengal har en vis antiviral virkning, mens fluorescein ikke har nogen signifikant virkning på virusformering.
Discussion of the specific advantages: Rose Bengal has some antiviral acticity while fluoresceine has no significant effect on virus replication.
Det betyder, at diagnostisk anvendelse af rose bengal forud for viral kultur kan udelukke et positivt resultat.
Thus, the diagnostic use of Rose Bengal prior to viral culture may preclude a positive result.
Derfor er fluorescein det foretrukne diagnostiske redskab, når der er planlagt viral kultur
Therefore fluoresceine is the diagnostic tool of choice when a viral culture is planned.
Formål: Diagnostisk redskab ved tidlig hornhindeskade, lokalanvendelse
Purpose: diagnostic tool for early corneal damage, topical use.
Alternativer: Fluorescein
Identification of alternatives: fluoresceine.
Specifikke fordele: Rose bengal er det foretrukne diagnostiske redskab til konstatering af meget tidlig hornhindeskade
Discussion of the specific advantages: Rose of Bengal is the diagnostic tool of choice to ascertain very early corneal damage.
Formål: Hornhindebeskyttelse, lokalanvendelse
Purpose: corneal protection, topical use.
Formål: Behandling af hyperlipaemia anvendt i kombination med glukosebehandling, diagnosticering af metabolske forstyrrelser
Purpose: treatment of hyperlipaemia, used in combination with glucose therapy, diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
Formål: Systemisk antifungal anvendelse.
Purpose: systemic antifungal use.
Behandling mod ringorm
Treatment of ringworm.
Specifikke fordele: Peroralt tilført griseofulvin har en god virkning mod trichophyton, microsporum og epidermophyton
Discussion of the specific advantages: griseofulvin given orally has good activity against trichophyton, microsporum, and epidermophyton.
Behandling af fungal pneumoni og luftsækmykose
Treatment of fungal pneumonia and guttural pouch mycosis.
Alternativer: Andre azoler som itraconazol
Identification of alternatives: other azoles such as itraconazole.
Specifikke fordele: Størst klinisk erfaring med ketoconazol i forhold til andre potentielle kandidater til listen over uundværlige stoffer
Discussion of the specific advantages: widest clinical experience with ketoconazole compared to other potential candidates for essential substances.
Formål: Behandling af svampeinfektioner i øjet
Purpose: treatment of fungal infections of the eye.
Specifikke fordele: Anvendes lokalt i det angrebne øje, bredere antifungal virkning og/eller mindre irritation end ved andre antifungale stoffer
Discussion of the specific advantages: topical use on the affected eye, wider antifungal activity and/or lesser irritation than other antifungal agents.
Formål: Behandling af gærinfektioner i øjne og kønsorganer
Purpose: treatment of yeast infections for eyes and genital tract.
Specifikke fordele: Særlig virksom mod gærinfektioner
Discussion of the specific advantages: specific activity against yeast infections.
Chondroitinsulphat
Chondroitin sulphate
Formål: Heling af brusk.
Purpose: cartilage healing.
Chondroprotektion.
Chondroprotection.
Behandling af arthritis
Treatment of arthritis.
Specifikke fordele: Kliniske forbedringer skal formentlig tilskrives antiinflammatoriske virkninger, herunder PGE2-syntesehæmmer og cytokinfrigørelseshæmmer
Discussion of the specific advantages: clinical improvement is likely attributable to anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and inhibition of cytokine release.
Formål: Agalactia hos hopper
Purpose: agalactia in mares.
Specifikke fordele: Dopaminantagonist og øger prolactinproduktionen
Discussion of the specific advantages: dopamine antagonist and up-regulates prolactin production.
Oxytocin er uegnet som alternativ, fordi det mindsker frem for at øge mælkeproduktionen, hvilket er formålet med domperidonbehandling.
Oxytocin is not a suitable alternative because it produces milk letdown as opposed to increasing milk production, which is the aim of domperidone therapy.
Dertil kommer, at ocytocin kan frembringe abdominale smerter, når det anvendes i store doser
Additionally, oxytocin is likely to cause abdominal pain if used in large doses.
Formål: Colloidal volumensubstitution
Purpose: colloidal volume substitution.
Specifikke fordele: Praktisk og lettilgængeligt alternativ til blod eller plasma
Discussion of the specific advantages: practical and readily available alternative to blood or plasma.
Formål: Farmakologisk fremkaldt ejakulation hos hingste med ejakulatoriske dysfunktioner
Purpose: pharmacologically induced ejaculation in stallions with ejaculatory dysfunction.
Thyrotropin-frigørende hormon
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Formål: Diagnosestof, der anvendes til at fastslå thyroid- og hypofyseforstyrrelser
Purpose: diagnostic used for the confirmation of thyroid and pituitary disorders.
Bariumsulphat
Barium sulphate
Formål: Radiografisk kontraststof, der anvendes ved kontrastundersøgelser af øsofagus og det gastrointestinale system
Purpose: radiographic contrast agent used for oesophageal and gastrointestinal contrast examinations.
Formål: Radiografisk kontraststof, der anvendes til undersøgelser af de nedre urinveje, arthrografi, myelografi, sino- eller fistulografi og dacryocystografi
Purpose: radiographic contrast agent used for lower urinary tract studies, arthrography, myelography, sino- or fistulography and dacryocystography.
Alternativer: Iopamidol
Identification of alternatives: iopamidol.
Specifikke fordele: Ikke-ionisk, lavosmolært kontraststof.
Discussion of the specific advantages: non-ionic low osmolar contrast agent.
Både iohexol og iopamidol er lige brugbare
Both iohexol and iopamidol are equally acceptable.
Alternativer: Iohexol
Identification of alternatives: iohexol.
Specifikke fordele: Ikke-ionisk, lavosmolært kontraststof.
Discussion of the specific advantages: non-ionic low osmolar contrast agent used for.
Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 1951/2006
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1951/2006
af 21 december 2006
of 21 December 2006
om ændring af forordning (EF) nr. 753/2002 om visse gennemførelsesbestemmelser til Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 1493/1999 om den fælles markedsordning for vin, for så vidt angår præsentation af vin behandlet i træbeholdere
amending Regulation (EC) No 753/2002 concerning certain detailed rules implementing Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 on the common organisation of the market in wine, as regards the presentation of wines treated in wood containers
under henvisning til Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 1493/1999 af 17. maj 1999 om den fælles markedsordning for vin [1], særlig artikel 46, stk. 1, og artikel 53, stk. 1, og
Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 of 17 May 1999 on the common organisation of the market in wine [1], and in particular Article 46(1) and Article 53(1) thereof,
I artikel 22, stk. 3, i Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 753/2002 af 29. april 2002 om visse gennemførelsesbestemmelser til Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 1493/1999 for så vidt angår beskrivelse, betegnelse, præsentation og beskyttelse af visse vinprodukter [2] fastsættes betingelserne for anvendelse af angivelser vedrørende produktets fremstillingsmetode, for så vidt angår anvendelsen af egetræsbeholdere ved vinfremstillingen.
Article 22(3) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 753/2002 of 29 April 2002 laying down certain rules for applying Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999 as regards the description, designation, presentation and protection of certain wine sector products [2] sets out the conditions for using indications concerning the production method as regards the use of oak wood containers in winemaking.
Nævnte bestemmelse begrænser anvendelsen af visse udtryk omhandlet i bilag X til forordning (EF) nr. 753/2002 til vin, der udelukkende har været genstand for gæring, forædling eller modning i en egetræsbeholder.
This provision limits the use of certain terms referred to in Annex X of Regulation (EC) No 753/2002 solely to wines that have been exclusively fermented, matured or aged in oak containers.
Selv om det er rigtigt, at der normalt traditionelt anvendes egetræ i bødkerindustrien, så benyttes der i visse medlemsstater også andre træsorter, såsom ask og kastanje.
While it is true that oak wood is usually and traditionally used in cooperage, other types of wood such as ash or chestnut are also used in certain Member States.
Derfor bør det være tilladt at anvende de udtryk, der omhandles i bilag X til forordning (EF) nr. 753/2002, for andre træsorter end eg, såfremt den pågældende angivelse er korrekt og ikke-vildledende.
Steps should therefore be taken to extend the use of the terms referred to in Annex X of Regulation (EC) No 753/2002 to types of wood other than oak, provided that the relevant indications are correct and not misleading.
For at undgå at konkurrencen mellem producenterne fordrejes, bør der indføres hensigtsmæssige etiketteringsregler.
To prevent any distortion of competition between producers, appropriate labelling rules should be laid down.
Artikel 22, stk. 3, affattes således:
In Article 22, paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
Ved beskrivelsen af vin, der har gæret og er blevet forædlet eller modnet i en træbeholder, kan der kun anvendes de udtryk, der findes i bilag X.
The indications listed in Annex X are the only terms which may be used to describe a wine that has been fermented, matured or aged in a wood container.
Det er tilladt at anvende et udtryk, der omhandles i stk. 1, når vinen er blevet modnet i en træbeholder efter de gældende nationale bestemmelser, selv når modningen fortsætter i en anden type beholder.
Use of one of the indications listed in the first subparagraph shall be permitted where the wine has been aged in a wood container in accordance with the national rules in force, even when the ageing process continues in another type of container.
Medlemsstaterne underretter Kommissionen om de foranstaltninger, de har truffet ved anvendelse af stk. 1.
The Member States shall communicate to the Commission the measures they take to implement this Regulation.