natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kommissionen er dog kommet til den konklusion, at en række andre forhandlere kunne pålægge Oracle, PeopleSoft og SAP konkurrencemæssige begrænsninger i hvert fald inden for de vertikale områder, hvor de er aktive, og de kan ikke udelukkes som forhandlere på markederne for avancerede FMS- og HR-applikationer.
However, the Commission has come to the conclusion that several other vendors could represent a competitive constraint vis-à-vis Oracle, PeopleSoft and SAP at least in the verticals in which they are active and cannot be excluded as vendors from the markets for high-function FMS and HR applications.
I forbindelse med den foreliggende transaktion betragtes Lawson, Intentia, IFS og Microsoft som forhandlere af avancerede FMS- og HR-applikationer, mens QAD kun betragtes som forhandler af avancerede FMS-løsninger.
For the purposes of the present transaction, Lawson, Intentia, IFS and Microsoft are to be treated as vendors for FMS and HR high-function applications and QAD is to be treated only as vendor for FMS high-function solutions.
HR- og FMS-løsninger eller software af mellemkvalitet
Mid-market HR and FMS solutions or software
Kommissionen fandt tegn på, at markedet for softwareapplikationer for mellemstore virksomheder (med årlige indtægter på mellem 30 mio. EUR og 1 mia. EUR) adskiller sig fra markederne for avancerede FMS- og HR-løsninger og muligvis også fra markederne for applikationer til små virksomheder (med indtægter på under 30 mio. EUR).
The Commission found indications that the market for software applications for mid-size enterprises (having approximately annual revenues of between EUR 30 million and EUR 1 billion) is a separate market from the markets for high-function FMS and HR solutions, and possibly also from the markets for applications for small enterprises (i.e. those with revenues below EUR 30 million).
Applikationer tilpasset behovene i mellemstore virksomheder er normalt lagervarer, som tilbyder et begrænset udvalg af funktioner og kun i et vist omfang kan tilpasses virksomhedens specifikke behov.
Applications adapted to the needs of mid-size enterprises are usually out-of-the box solutions which provide a limited scope of functionalities and can only to a limited extent be configured to the individual needs of the enterprise.
Der er også tale om særskilte markeder for FMS- og HR-løsninger inden for software af mellemkvalitet, da FMS- og HR-funktioner for mellemstore virksomheder ikke er substituerbare set fra efterspørgselssiden, hverken indbyrdes eller med andre funktioner, der vedrører andre søjler (CRM, SCM m.m.).
Separate markets for FMS and HR solutions can be distinguished also within the mid-market software as FMS and HR functionalities for mid-size companies are not substitutable from a demand side perspective either between themselves, or with any other functionalities related to other pillars (CRM, SCM etc.).
Endvidere fandt Kommissionen tegn på, at applikationssoftware til små virksomheder kun dækker de basale behov i virksomheder med ensartet organisationsstruktur.
Furthermore, the Commission found indications that applications software for small businesses only cover the basic needs of an enterprise with a uniform organisational structure.
Under alle omstændigheder kan den nøjagtige afgrænsning af producentmarkederne for HR- og FMS-løsninger af mellemkvalitet stå åben, da transaktionen ikke giver anledning til konkurrencemæssige betænkeligheder med nogen af disse mulige markedsdefinitioner.
In any case, the exact delineation of the product markets for mid-market HR and FMS solutions and the small business software can be left open as the transaction does not lead to competition concerns on the basis of any of these possible market definitions.
De relevante markeders geografiske omfang
Geographic Scope of the relevant markets
Markedsanalysen gav klare indikationer af, at de geografiske markeder for avancerede HR- og FMS-løsninger for store og komplekse virksomheder er verdensomspændende.
The market investigation gave clear indications that the geographic scope of the markets for high-function HR and FMS solutions for large and complex enterprises is world-wide.
De fleste af disse kunder overvejer tilbud på EAS-løsninger fra forhandlere i EØS, USA og andre dele af verden uden at skele til virksomhedens geografiske oprindelse.
Most of these customers consider offers for EAS solutions from vendors located in the EEA, the United States and other parts of the world without consideration of the geographic region where the company originates.
Kommissionen benyttede endvidere data om tilbud fremlagt af Oracle efter den mundtlige høring til at undersøge, hvorvidt Oracles adfærd var afhængig af, hvor tilbuddet kom fra.
The Commission also used the bidding data submitted by Oracle after the oral hearing to investigate whether Oracle’s behaviour differed depending on the location of the bid.
Dataene tydede ikke på, at den gennemsnitlige rabat i EØS var forskellig fra rabatten i USA eller andre steder i verden.
The data did not suggest that the average discount offered in the EEA differed from that offered in the US or in the rest of the world.
Kommissionen er derfor kommet til den konklusion, at markederne for avancerede HR- og FMS-løsninger er verdensomspændende.
The Commission has therefore come to the conclusion that the markets for high-function HR and FMS solutions are worldwide in scope.
De geografiske markeder for FMS- og HR-løsninger af mellemkvalitet er muligvis begrænset til EØS.
As regards the mid-market FMS and HR solutions, the geographic scope of these markets may not be wider than EEA-wide.
Den nøjagtige afgrænsning kan dog stå åben.
However, the exact delimitation can be left open.
Markedsandele
Market Shares
Det har vist sig at være særligt vanskeligt at beregne markedsandelene for de relevante markeder, da der hverken foreligger offentligt tilgængelige undersøgelser af branchen eller opgørelser fra parterne af forhandlernes indtægter opdelt i markedssegmenter (højeste kvalitet og mellemkvalitet). Forhandlerne opdeler heller ikke normalt deres kunder efter omsætning eller antal ansatte.
The calculation of market shares has proven to be particularly difficult for the relevant markets, as neither publicly available industry studies nor the parties have provided a segmentation of vendors revenues according to the segmentation of the market (upmarket and mid-market) and vendors do not normally classify their customers according to their volume of revenue or their number of employees.
Derfor søgte Kommissionen at fastslå forhandlernes styrke på grundlag af deres samlede indtægter i henhold til brancherapporter, uanset om de er opnået i det øvre eller mellemste markedssegment.
Therefore the Commission sought to establish the strength of the vendors on the basis of their total revenues as reported in industry reports, independently of whether these are achieved in the upmarket or the mid-market.
Disse andele fremgår af tabellen:
The shares would be as in the following table:
Kilde: Gartner, ERP Market Experiences Further Decline: Market Statistics, 2002, offentliggjort 2003.
Source: Gartner, ERP Market Experiences Further Decline: Market Statistics, 2002, published 2003.
Samlede licensindtægter på verdensbasis i 2002
Total licences revenues worldwide 2002
Oracle/PeopleSoft/ JD Edwards tilsammen
Oracle/PeopleSoft/JD Edwards combined
Da andelene kun har begrænset betydning for de relevante markeder, brugte Kommissionen dem kun som en indikation af de forskellige forhandleres relative styrke på markederne.
Given their limited meaning for the markets at stake, the Commission used the shares only as an indication of the relative strength of the different vendors in the markets.
Andelene viser, at Oracle, PeopleSoft (herunder JD Edwards) og SAP er hovedaktørerne både på FMS- og HR-markedet, og at de øvrige aktørers andel kan anslås til mellem 10 % og 15 %.
The shares show that Oracle, PeopleSoft (including JD Edwards) and SAP are the main players in both the FMS and the HR market and that the share of other players may be estimated at between 10 % and 15 %.
SAP ville stadig være markedsførende foran et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft inden for FMS, mens et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft ville blive førende inden for HR.
SAP would still lead the market over a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft in FMS whereas a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft would take the lead in HR.
Oprettelse af en dominerende stilling, som vil føre til en væsentlig begrænsning af den effektive konkurrence
Creation of a dominant position, as a result of which effective competition will be significantly impeded
Ikke-samordnede virkninger
Non-coordinated effects
I sin klagepunktsmeddelelse tog Kommissionen udgangspunkt i, at der for en betydelig gruppe kunder i alt væsentligt kun ville være én leverandør tilbage efter transaktionen.
In the Statement of Objections the Commission had based its concerns in part on the finding there would be a significant group of customers for whom there would essentially be only one supplier left after the transaction.
Denne betænkelighed var baseret på en definition af et marked, der efter fusionen kun ville bestå af Oracle og SAP.
This concern was based on a definition of the market which after the merger would consist of only Oracle and SAP.
Gruppen med begrænsede valgmuligheder efter fusionen består blandt andet af de kunder, som ikke mener, at et af de to produkter kan dække deres behov, kunder, som foretrækker at køre deres software på en anden database end Oracles [2], kunder, som gerne vil afslutte deres forhold med en af de to, kunder, som for ikke at blive afhængige af en enkelt leverandør foretrækker at købe deres FMS- og HR-software af to forskellige leverandører, og kunder, som foretrækker ikke at aftage både software og database fra samme leverandør.
The group with a limited choice after the merger consist, inter alia, of those customers who do not find one of the two products suitable for their needs; those customers who prefer to run their software on a non-Oracle database [2]; those customers who would like to terminate its relationship with one of the two; those customers who, in order to avoid being dependent on one supplier, would prefer to purchase their FMS and HR software from two different suppliers and those customers who would prefer not to license both the software and the database from the same supplier.
I lyset af konklusionerne om markedsdefinitioner kan Kommissionen ikke opretholde sin foreløbige konklusion om, at denne gruppe kunder i praksis ikke vil have valgmuligheder efter fusionen.
In light of the conclusions regarding the market definition, it is not possible for the Commission to uphold its preliminary conclusion that this group of customers will be confronted with a de facto absence of choice after the merger.
For at afgøre om den anmeldte transaktion ville få ikke-samordnede virkninger, foretog Kommissionen en række regressioner på hvert af de fire datasæt, dvs. et om PeopleSoft, et om Oracle udarbejdet for Kommissionen og to om Oracle fra den amerikanske retssag.
In order to assess whether or not the notified concentration would lead to non-coordinated effects, the Commission ran a number of regressions on each of four datasets: one data set from PeopleSoft, one Oracle data set compiled for the European Commission and two of the Oracle datasets from the US Court proceedings.
Formålet var at undersøge, i hvilken udstrækning den konkurrencemæssige situation ved et bestemt tilbud (udtrykt ved antallet af bydende i den afsluttende runde) påvirkede de rabatter, den pågældende forhandler tilbød (dvs. PeopleSoft i PeopleSofts datasæt og Oracle i Oracles datasæt).
The purpose was to investigate to what extent the competitive situation of a particular bid (measured by the number of final round bidders) had an impact on the discounting offered by the seller in question (i.e. PeopleSoft in PeopleSoft’s dataset and Oracle in Oracle’s datasets).
Kommissionen fandt, at der generelt var et meget nært forhold mellem kontraktens størrelse og rabatten.
The Commission generally found that there was a very strong relationship between the size of the deal and the discount offered.
Kontrakter med meget høje listepriser kunne generelt også forventes at opnå meget store rabatter.
Deals that tended to produce very high list prices were overall likely to also attract very large discounts.
Kommissionen fandt endvidere, at i en række regressioner, hvor forholdet mellem kontraktens størrelse og rabatten ikke var ordentligt medregnet, var der tilsyneladende tale om påvirkning af konkurrenterne eller tildelingen af rabatten.
The Commission also found that in a number of regressions in which this relationship between the deal size and the discount was not properly taken into account, there appeared to be an effect on the competitors on the discounting behaviour.
Den første konstatering, der blev nævnt i klagepunktsmeddelelsen, var baseret på en sådan regression.
The initial finding mentioned in the Statement of Objections was indeed based on such a regression.
Når man tog hensyn til kontraktens størrelse, førte antallet af bydende i den afsluttende runde ikke længere til sådanne virkninger.
Once the size of the deal was taken into account, the number of final bidders did no longer lead to such effects.
En konstatering som denne af, at antallet af konkurrenter om et tilbud, og hvem de er, ikke synes at påvirke en virksomheds adfærd, beviser ikke i sig selv, at fusionen ikke vil få skadelige virkninger for kunderne.
A finding, as in this case, that the number and identity of competitors in a given bid appear not to have an effect on a firm’s behaviour does not in itself prove that there will not be harmful effect of the merger on customers.
Der kan være en lang række årsager til, at en sådan virkning ikke slår igennem i dataene.
There may be a variety of reasons why such an effect is absent from the bidding data.
På grundlag af de foreliggende oplysninger synes det ikke at være muligt at nå til en endelig konklusion om, hvilken årsag der er den tungestvejende.
Based on the information available, it does not appear possible to reach a final conclusion about which of the different reasons is the most pertinent.
Det er dog ikke nødvendigt for Kommissionen at nå til en konklusion om dette spørgsmål, da det står klart, at konkurrencens manglende betydelige påvirkning af Oracles adfærd indebærer, at dataene om tilbuddene ikke er egnede som bevis for fusionens konkurrencebegrænsende virkning.
It is not necessary, though, for the Commission to reach a conclusion on this issue since it is clear that the absence of an appreciable effect of competition on Oracle’s behaviour makes the bidding data unsuitable to rely on as determinative proof of an anticompetitive effect of the merger.
Samordnede virkninger
Coordinated effects
I sin klagepunktsmeddelelse havde Kommissionen endvidere baseret sine betænkeligheder på den konstatering, at ud over de ikke-samordnede virkninger ville de to resterende aktører være i stand til at afbøde konkurrencens virkninger yderligere ved at samordne deres konkurrenceadfærd.
In the Statement of Objections the Commission had based its concerns further on the finding that, in addition to the non-coordinated effects, the two remaining players would be in a position to further soften competition by coordinating their competitive behaviour.
Teorien om samordning var baseret på en definition af et marked, som efter fusionen kun ville bestå af Oracle og SAP, og hvor man især regnede med symmetriske markedsandele til et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft og SAP og et sammenfald af incitamenter for virksomhederne, fordi SAP er langt den største videresælger af Oracles databaser.
The theory of coordination was based on a definition of the market which after the merger would consist of only Oracle and SAP and relied in particular on the symmetrical market shares of a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft and SAP and an alignment of incentives between them due to the fact that SAP is by far the largest reseller of Oracle databases.
Som parametre for at indføre en fælles politik pegede Kommissionen på fordeling af kunder i et duopol, en begrænsning af priskonkurrencen og en stiltiende aftale om at sinke tilføjelsen af nye funktioner og produktforbedringer.
As parameters for adopting a common policy, the Commission identified the allocation of customers in a duopoly, a reduction in price competition and a common understanding to slow down the addition of further functionalities and the improvement of products.
I lyset af konklusionerne om markedsdefinitionen kan Kommissionen ikke konkludere, at fusionen vil skabe en kollektiv dominerende stilling for et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft og SAP på grundlag af samordnede virkninger.
In light of the conclusions regarding the market definition, it is not possible for the Commission to conclude that the merger would lead to a collective dominant position of a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft and SAP on the basis of coordinated effects.
På et marked, hvor der ud over Oracle, PeopleSoft og SAP findes forhandlere af avancerede FMS- og HR-applikationer som Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD og Microsoft, kan man vanskeligt argumentere for, at aktørerne vil nå til en fælles aftale om ovennævnte parametre.
In a market in which — in addition to Oracle, PeopleSoft and SAP — Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD and Microsoft are also present as vendors of high-function FMS and HR applications, it appears difficult to argue that these players would reach a common understanding as regards the parameters outlined above.
Fordeling af kunderne vil ikke være mulig på grund af den store gruppe potentielle leverandører af denne type software.
In particular, an allocation of customers will not be possible due to the larger group of possible vendors of such software.
Ud over Oracle, PeopleSoft og SAP er der tale om forholdsvis små forhandlere på de relevante markeder.
The vendors other than Oracle, PeopleSoft and SAP are significantly smaller in the relevant markets.
De har ikke de samme strukturelle forbindelser som SAP og Oracle med hensyn til databaser.
They do not have similar structural links as SAP and Oracle in the area of databases.
Lawsons videresalg af Oracles databaser synes at være minimalt i forhold til SAP’s salg af Oracles databaser, mens Microsoft under alle omstændigheder bruger sine egne databaser til sine ERP-produkter.
Lawson’s resale of Oracle databases appears to be marginal compared to the sale of Oracle’s databases by SAP, while Microsoft in any case uses its own databases for its ERP products.
Kommissionen kan heller ikke konkludere, at fusionen vil føre til samordning kun mellem et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft og SAP.
Also, the Commission cannot conclude that the merger will lead to a coordination of only a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft and SAP.
De øvrige forhandlere, der er nævnt i afsnittet om markedsdefinitionen — Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD og Microsoft — synes at være passende alternativer, idet Kommissionens data og det datasæt, Oracle fremlagde efter den mundtlige høring (senest den 27. september 2004), viser, at disse forhandlere har vundet kontrakter om software på de relevante markeder.
The other vendors mentioned in the section on market definition — Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD and Microsoft — appear to be suitable alternatives as the Commission’s data and the dataset submitted by Oracle after the oral hearing (ultimately on 27 September 2004) show that those vendors have won bids for software in the relevant markets.
En samordning af den konkurrencemæssige adfærd mellem et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft og SAP ville derfor ikke kunne opretholdes.
A coordination of the competitive behaviour of a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft and SAP could therefore not be successfully sustained.
Der er langt flere aktører på markederne for HR- og FMS-software af mellemkvalitet.
As regards HR and FMS mid-market software markets, significantly more players are active than in the markets for high-function HR and FMS solutions.
Blandt leverandørerne til mellemstore virksomheder kan nævnes Oracle, PeopleSoft, SAP, Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD og Microsoft MBS, men også Sage, SSA Baan, Unit4 Agresso (både FMS og HR); Hyperion, Systems Union og »Sun Systems« (kun FMS), Kronos, Ultimate, Midland, Meta4 og Rebus (kun HR).
Suppliers to mid-size companies include, Oracle, PeopleSoft, SAP, Lawson, Intentia, IFS, QAD, Microsoft MBS, but also Sage, SSA Baan, Unit4 Agresso (both FMS and HR); Hyperion, Systems Union or ‘Sun Systems’ (FMS only); Kronos, Ultimate, Midland, Meta4 and Rebus (HR only).
Der foreligger ingen specifikke opgørelser over andele af markedet for applikationer af mellemkvalitet.
No specific market shares for the mid-market applications are available.
De samlede indtægter i 2002 viser imidlertid (ifølge rapporter fra analytikere), at SAP på verdensplan ville forblive den stærkeste aktør på et sådant FMS-marked foran et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft.
Nevertheless, the overall revenues achieved for 2002 (on the basis of analyst reports) show that, on a worldwide basis, SAP would remain the strongest player in such an FMS market, followed by a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft.
Af andre større aktører kan nævnes Sage, Microsoft MBS, Hyperion, Systems Union og Lawson.
Other significant players would include Sage, Microsoft MBS, Hyperion, Systems Union and Lawson.
Med hensyn til løsninger af mellemkvalitet ville det fusionerede Oracle/PeopleSoft blive stærkest lige foran SAP.
For HR mid-market solutions, the combined Oracle and PeopleSoft would become the strongest player, closely followed by SAP.
Andre væsentlige aktører inden for HR ville omfatte Kronos, Lawson, Sage og Microsoft MBS.
Other significant players in HR would include Kronos, Lawson, Sage and Microsoft MBS.
På europæisk plan vil virkningen af transaktionen give endnu mindre anledning til betænkelighed på grundlag af de samlede indtægter, som analytikerne har opgjort for 2002 i Europa.
On a European level, the impact of the transaction may give even less reason for concerns on the basis of overall revenues reported by analysts for 2002 for Europe.
SAP’s position ville være stærkere i Europa end globalt både inden for FMS og HR, mens et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft ville stå svagere.
SAP’s position would be stronger in Europe than on a worldwide basis in both FMS and HR whereas the position of a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft would be weaker.
En lang række andre aktører lægger desuden konkurrencemæssige begrænsninger på de fusionerende parter på det europæiske marked både med hensyn til HR- og FMS-software af mellemkvalitet.
Numerous other vendors represent a competitive constraint to the merging parties in a Europe-wide market as well, both as regards HR and FMS mid-market software.
På grund af den begrænsede styrke af et fusioneret Oracle/PeopleSoft på markederne for HR- og FMS-applikationer tilpasset og typisk indkøbt af mellemstore virksomheder og på grund af det store antal andre aktører på disse markeder kan man udelukke, at transaktionen vil skabe konkurrencemæssige betænkeligheder på markederne for HR- og FMS-applikationer af mellemkvalitet, uanset hvordan disse markeder afgrænses nøjagtigt.
Given the limited strength of a combined Oracle/PeopleSoft in the markets for HR and FMS applications adapted to and typically purchased by mid-size companies and the numerous other players also active in these markets, it can be excluded that the transaction would lead to competition concerns in the markets for mid-market HR and FMS applications, irrespective of the exact delineation of such markets.
Kommissionen konkluderer, at den foreslåede transaktion ikke vil skabe eller styrke en enkelt eller kollektiv dominerende stilling på markederne for avancerede HR- og FMS-løsninger og for HR- og FMS-software af mellemkvalitet.
The Commission concludes that the proposed concentration would not create or strengthen a single or collective dominant position in the markets for HR and FMS high-function solutions and as regards the mid-market HR and FMS software.