natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Retten fulgte SIDE's argumentation og godkendte denne analyse og fandt, at Kommissionen havde anlagt en åbenbart urigtig vurdering, idet eksport af fransksprogede bøger og eksportagenturvirksomhed for fransksprogede bøger ikke udgjorde substituerbare markeder, men adskilte markeder, hvor sidstnævnte er et undermarked til førstnævnte.
The Court of First Instance, following the arguments developed by SIDE, criticised that analysis and considered that the Commission had made a manifest error of assessment in that the export of French-language books and the export agency business for French-language books were not substitutable, but distinct markets, the latter being a submarket of the former.
Kommissionen anfægter ikke Rettens vurdering, men bemærker, at de akter, som både SIDE [51] og de nationale myndigheder fremlagde ved gennemgangen af sagen, viser, at metoderne til formidling af fransksprogede bøger til udlandet er meget forskelligartede [52], komplementære og undertiden substituerbare, idet eksportagenturvirksomhed udgør et af de mange eksisterende systemer.
Without questioning the CFI's assessment, the Commission would observe that the evidence produced during the examination of the case, both by the SIDE [51] and by the national authorities, shows that the mechanisms for marketing French-language books abroad are very varied [52], complimentary, and sometimes substitutable, since export agency is one of several existing systems.
Kommissionen konstaterer, at SIDE og de franske myndigheder tilsyneladende begge erkender, at det ikke altid er let at afgrænse de forskellige markeder inden for bogdistribution helt nøjagtigt.
The Commission notes that SIDE and the French authorities appear to agree that it is not always easy to define exactly the various markets in the book marketing sector.
SIDE anfører i sine sidste bemærkninger, at ikke-specialiserede agenturer som SIDE selv og CELF er til stede på det nationale marked.
SIDE states in its most recent comments that general agents like itself and CELF are present on the national market in question.
Andre operatører, som SIDE definerer snart som agenturer snart som eksportboghandlere [53], sælger ligeledes i marginal udstrækning direkte til de endelige forbrugerne og konkurrerer dermed med de to ikke-specialiserede agenturer på de yderste marginaler.
Other operators, which it defines in some cases as agents and in others as exporting bookshops [53], also sell, marginally, direct to end-users and would be competing very marginally with the two general agents.
De franske myndigheder er til dels enige i SIDE's analyse, idet man præciserer, at eksportboghandlerne, som sagsøger henviser til, i realiteten er specialiserede agenturer.
The French authorities share SIDE's analysis in part, while stating that the exporting booksellers to whom the complainant refers are in reality specialised agents.
De føjer en række boghandlere, som lejlighedsvis ekspederer ordrer til udenlandske boghandlere, til listen over potentielle konkurrenter.
They have added to the list of potential competitors a number of bookshops which meet, even on an occasional basis, orders from foreign booksellers.
Frankrig præciserer, at onlineboghandlere nu også skal regnes blandt de ikke-specialiserede agenturers konkurrenter, hvilket Kommissionen anser for relevant, selv om der endnu ikke foreligger præcise oplysninger om størrelsen af dette segment, som er baseret på brugen af ny teknologi.
France explains that on-line book shops should now be included among the competitors of the general agents, which the Commission considers to be relevant, even if accurate volume data for this segment, which has been created by the use of new technology, are still unavailable.
Det skal bemærkes, at SIDE har sendt nogle taloplysninger til Kommissionen, der skal illustrere CELF's [54]»dominerende stilling« på det pågældende delmarked.
It should be noted that SIDE sent the Commission certain figures purporting to show the ‘dominant position’ of CELF [54] on the submarket concerned.
Som anført ovenfor (betragtning 30) udtaler Kommissionen sig i denne beslutning ikke om SIDE's klage i henhold til traktatens artikel 81 og 82, idet dette spørgsmål undersøges særskilt.
As was pointed out in recital 29, the Commission will not give its opinion in this decision about SIDE's complaint based on Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty, since this question is the subject of a separate examination.
I den forbindelse skal det præciseres, at Kommissionen i et brev til SIDE af 7. august 2003 giver udtryk for, at man som udgangspunkt har til hensigt at afvise klagen.
It should be noted in this respect that a preliminary letter conveying the Commission's preliminary intention to reject the complaint was sent to SIDE on 7 August 2003.
Men med forbehold af den endelige beslutning, som Kommissionen vil træffe om den anden del af sagen, erindrer den om, at brancheselskabet CELF blev oprettet for at afhjælpe manglerne på et marked, som branchen havde opgivet, hvilket heller ikke anfægtes i udtalelserne fra tredjemand.
However, without prejudging the final position it takes in the other half of the dossier, the Commission would point out that CELF, an interprofessional firm, was set up, which on the basis in particular of third parties' comments is not disputed, to remedy the failings of a market abandoned by the industry.
Derfor er det ikke overraskende, at denne virksomhed har en meget stor markedsandel.
Thus it is not surprising that the market shares held by the firm are very large.
Efter Kommissionens opfattelse er CELF's stilling på dette marked uden sammenhæng med tildelingen af den omtalte støtte.
The Commission considers that CELF's position on the market in question, still has no direct bearing on the granting of the aid.
Kommissionen ønsker udelukkende at kontrollere foreneligheden af støtten på eksportagenturmarkedet i henhold til traktatens artikel 87, stk. 3, litra d).
The Commission is solely concerned to check the compatibility of the aid on the export agency market under Article 87(3)(d) of the Treaty.
Relevansen af begrebet »små ordrer« i forbindelse med eksportagenturer
Relevance of the notion ‘small orders’ in connection with the export agency business
Eksportagenturvirksomhed med bøger består i at ekspedere ikke særligt store ordrer.
The book export agency business consists in meeting orders that are not very large.
I 1970'erne forlod de traditionelle forlag og distributører dette marked, fordi rentabiliteten var for ringe.
The market was abandoned at the end of the 1970s by publishers and traditional distributors because it was not profitable enough.
Eksportagenturvirksomhed drejer sig under alle omstændigheder om små ordrer.
In any event, therefore, the export agency business concerns small orders.
SIDE og de franske myndigheder er enige om afgrænsningen af den pågældende ydelse.
SIDE and the French authorities agree as to the definition of the service involved.
Til gengæld er de uenige om identifikationen af »små ordrer« inden for eksportagenturmarkedet (f.eks.: en afrikansk boghandel, der bestiller en billig bog), der indebærer så store ekstraomkostninger, at ydelsen ikke vil være rentabel.
However, their positions diverge when it comes to identifying, on the export agency market, ‘lesser’ orders (e.g. an order for an inexpensive work by an African bookshop), which generate extra costs so that the service cannot be profitable.
Kulturministeriet havde fastsat beløbsgrænsen for »små ordrer«, hvortil der kunne ydes tilskud, til 500 FRF ((76,22 EUR).
The Ministry of Culture fixed the amount for ‘small orders’ which should be subsidised at a threshold of FRF 500 (EUR 76,22).
De franske myndigheder har hele tiden præciseret, at nogle ordrer under 500 FRF kunne være rentable, mens andre ordrer over 500 FRF kunne være urentable.
The French authorities have always explained that certain orders of less than FRF 500 might be profitable, whereas others, above that amount, might not be.
Målet var at finde en økonomisk acceptabel metode, således at operatørerne var indstillet på at efterkomme ordrer, som blev betragtet som urentable.
The objective was to find an economically acceptable solution, so that operators would want to assume orders that had been abandoned because they were not profitable enough.
Kommissionen bad sagsøger og de franske myndigheder om at forklare problemstillingen vedrørende aktivitetens rentabilitet.
The Commission asked the complainant and the French authorities to explain the problems of the business's profitability.
Med henblik herpå blev de navnlig bedt om at beskrive de forskellige opgaver, der skal udføres for at levere denne ydelse, så man i givet fald kunne fastslå, hvorfra de ekstraomkostninger, der skulle godtgøres, stammer fra.
In particular it asked them to describe the different tasks which the service involved, so as to determine, where appropriate, the origin of the extra costs to be compensated.
De franske myndigheder og SIDE er generelt enige om ordrebehandlingen (se bilag om »ordrebehandlingsprocedure«, som beskrives af SIDE i bilag III og ikke anfægtes af de franske myndigheder).
The French authorities and SIDE agree overall as to what constitutes the processing of orders, described in Annex III by SIDE and not disputed by the French authorities.
De forskellige opfattelser vedrører dermed især spørgsmålet om rentabiliteten af disse ydelser.
Their differences, therefore relate basically to the profitability of the services.
Kommissionen bemærker i den forbindelse visse udtalelser fra SIDE, som kan forekomme selvmodsigende, hvis de stilles over for hinanden.
In this respect, the Commission notes certain statements of SIDE, which, taken together, may seem contradictory.
Dette gør sig gældende for følgende udtalelser: »de mest interessante kunder er kunder, der afgiver store ordrer«, og »små ordrer er generelt mere rentable end større ordrer«.
As with the following: ‘the best customers are those with a large volume of orders’ and ‘small orders are overall more profitable to process than larger ones’.
Kommissionen har kunnet konstatere, at SIDE og CELF tilsyneladende ikke systematisk fokuserede på samme kundetype.
The Commission noted that SIDE and CELF did not seem to be talking necessarily about the same type of customer.
SIDE interesserer sig især for institutionelle kunder, mens CELF prioriterer boghandlere.
More specifically, SIDE is interested in the institutional customer, while CELF gives priority to booksellers.
Dette sidste afvises af SIDE.
SIDE disputes this point.
SIDE har imidlertid ikke ønsket at efterkomme Kommissionens anmodning om at definere kundekredsens sammensætning nærmere.
However, it did not want to provide the Commission, as it was asked to, with clarification of its types of customer.
Sagsøger fremfører blot i sine skriftlige bemærkninger, at man mellem 1991 og 2002 havde 1308 kunder, og at man betjente samme kundetyper som CELF.
The complainant has simply observed, in its written comments, that between 1991 and 2002 it had 1308 customers and that it served the same type of customer as CELF.
Med henblik på at vurdere relevansen af de fremførte modstridende bemærkninger har Kommissionen på grundlag af oplysninger fra såvel SIDE som de franske myndigheder opstillet nedenstående sammenlignende tabeller 3a, 3b og 3c.
To check the relevance of the contradictory comments supplied, the Commission has drawn up the following comparative tables 3a, 3b and 3c on the basis of data supplied by SIDE and the French authorities:
Tabel 3a
Table 3a
CELF små ordrer
CELF small orders
CELF uden små ordrer
CELF without small orders
CELF I ALT
CELF Total
Antal fakturaer
Number of invoices
Antal fakturalinjer
Number of lines
Antal bøger
Number of books
Antal kunder [55]
Number of customers [55]
ikke meddelt
Not disclosed
Gennemsnitligt antal linjer pr. faktura
Average number of lines per invoice
Gennemsnitligt antal bøger pr. linje
Average number of books per line
Gennemsnitligt antal eksemplarer pr. faktura
Average number of copies per invoice
Gennemsnitspris pr. solgt eksemplar
Average price of each copy sold
Gennemsnitsværdi pr. linje
Average value of a line
Gennemsnitsværdi pr. kunde
Average value of a customer account
Tabel 3b
Table 3b
Tabel 3c
Table 3c
Antal fakturalinjer
Number of lines per invoice
Antal kunder
Number of clients
Gennemsnitsværdi pr. linje
Average value of line
Kommissionen konstaterer, at oplysningerne i tabel 3a, 3b og 3c viser, at selv om CELF, ud over det, der betragtes som »små ordrer«, i gennemsnit sælger lige så mange bøger pr. faktura som SIDE (44 mod 41 i 1999, 46 mod 53 i 2000, og 48 mod 48 i 2001), ekspederer CELF også et stort antal særligt små ordrer (i gennemsnit under 3 bøger og med en gennemsnitlig værdi af 35 EUR): 9688 ordrer i 1999, 8763 i 2000 og 7702 i 2001.
The Commission finds that the figures in tables 3a, 3b and 3c show that, while CELF, disregarding what it considers ‘small orders’, sells an average number of books per invoice comparable to SIDE's (44 as against 41 in 1999, 46 as against 43 in 2000 and 48 as against 48 in 2001), it also meets a large number of particularly small orders (less than three books on average, with an average value of approximately EUR 35): 9688 orders in 1999, 8763 in 2000 and 7702 in 2001.
Det følger heraf, at antallet af bøger pr. ordre samlet set (kolonnen »CELF i alt«) er betydeligt lavere for CELF end for SIDE: 28 mod 41 i 1999, 28 mod 53 i 2000 og 31 mod 48 i 2001.
It follows that, overall (the column headed CELF Total) the number of books per order is clearly much lower for CELF than for SIDE: 28 as against 41 in 1999, 28 as against 53 in 2000 and 31 as against 48 in 2001.
Det fremgår af ovenstående, at CELF's aktiviteter især er kendetegnet ved et stort antal helt små ordrer (gennemsnitlig tre bøger og omkring 35 EUR), hvilket klart adskiller virksomheden fra SIDE og kan danne grundlag for den pågældende støtte.
It is apparent from the foregoing, that CELF's business is characterised in particular by a large number of very small orders (fewer than three books on average and about EUR 35), which clearly distinguishes it from SIDE and possibly justified granting the aid in question.
Kontrol af det støtteudløsende element: ekstraomkostningerne ved »Programme petites commandes«
Examination of the factors giving rise to the aid: the extra costs associated with the Small Orders programme
Efter at have konstateret, at kriteriet »små ordrer« er relevant som reference for tildelingen af støtte, har Kommissionen analyseret de analytiske regnskabstal fra de franske myndigheder.
Having established the relevance of small orders as a criterion for justifying the granting of the aid, the Commission analysed the cost accounting data supplied by the French authorities.
Disse regnskabstal underbygger CELF's ekstraomkostninger ved segmentet »små ordrer«.
The accounting figures justify the extra costs incurred by CELF in the small orders segment.
Oplysningerne, som de franske myndigheder har fremsendt til Kommissionen, vedrører 1994, hvor CELF modtog et støttebeløb på 2000000 mio. FRF ((304900 EUR) fra kulturministeriet.
The information communicated by the French authorities to the Commission concern 1994, a year in which CELF received a grant of FRF 2000000 (EUR 304900) from the Ministry of Culture.
Kommissionens kontrol vedrører de analytiske regnskabstal vedrørende omkostningerne ved små ordrer på under 500 FRF.
The Commission's examination concerns the cost accounting information on the costs of small orders with a value of less than FRF 500.
Kommissionen har taget de franske myndigheders forklaringer til efterretning, hvori man forklarer, at tærsklen på 500 FRF som definition på »små ordrer« er fastsat på et empirisk grundlag [56].
The Commission noted the explanations provided by the French authorities, which indicate that the FRF 500 threshold chosen for defining a ‘small order’ was determined empirically [56].
De franske myndigheder har fremlagt en opstilling, som viser, at ekspeditionen af små ordrer medfører åbenlyse ekstraomkostninger.
The French authorities suggested that it could be shown that the processing of small orders clearly involve evident extra costs.
De uddyber sidstnævnte argument med udgangspunkt i en omkostningsanalyse baseret på oplysningerne i tabel 4 nedenfor vedrørende referenceåret 1994:
The evidence for this is a cost analysis based on the information for reference year 1994 in the following table.
Ordretype
Type of order
Små ordrer
Small orders
Omsætning [57]
Turnover [57]
Som beskrevet nærmere i bilag III indebærer ekspeditionen af en ordre adskillige operationer:
As described in detail in Annex III, processing an order requires that several tasks be carried out:
Modtagelse af ordresedlen fra boghandleren
receipt of the bookseller's form;
indkodning af ordren
coding the order;
indlæsning af ordren
inputting the order;
fremsendelse af ordren til forlaget
dispatch of the order to the publisher;
modtagelse af bøgerne
receipt of the books;
tildeling af et fysisk opbevaringssted, »reolfaget«, til hver af kunderne, hvor de bestilte bøger opbevares
allocation of space (compartment) to each customer for storage of the books ordered;
indpakning.
packaging.
Den analytiske regnskabsføring gør det muligt at registrere alle strømme i forbindelse med ovennævnte operationer.
The analytical approach of the accounts makes it possible to record all the flows relating to the above operations.
En faktura på 100 FRF kræver i den forbindelse samme arbejdsindsats som en faktura på 10000 FRF.
An invoice of FRF 100 generates as much work, in principle, as an invoice for FRF 10000.
De franske myndigheders forklaring har givet Kommissionen mulighed for at vurdere omkostningerne og fordele dem på de forskellige opgaver i forbindelse med ekspeditionen af en ordre.
The French authorities' explanations enabled the Commission to estimate the costs and allocate them to the tasks associated with processing an order.
Rentabiliteten ved en ordre afhænger navnlig af de pågældende bøgers type og antal, nøjagtigheden af oplysningerne på ordresedlen samt problemer ved ekspeditionen af ordren - 20 % af CELF's ordrer og 4,5 % af SIDE's ordrer kan betragtes som "vanskelige at ekspedere [58].
The profitability of an order depends, in particular, on the type and number of books concerned, the accuracy of the information supplied on the order form and the difficulty of executing the order, it being possible to consider 20 % of CELF's orders and 4,5 % of SIDE's as difficult to carry out [58].
Desuden vedrører ordrer på under 500 FRF oftest (67 % af tilfældene) helt små forlag [59].
In addition, orders with a value of less than FRF 500 concern, in 67 % of cases, publishing houses of a craft industry type [59].
Endelig indebærer behandlingen af små ordrer, at man skal forvalte et stort antal kundekonti.
Lastly, processing small orders involves administering a large number of small accounts.
Omkostningerne vil være højere for små ordrer, idet operatøren, uanset ordens størrelse, ved behandling af ordren nødvendigvis må gentage de samme fysiske operationer for alle ordrer.
Costs will be higher for small orders, since the operator handling them will have to repeat the same physical operations for each order, irrespective of the amount.
En virksomhed, der behandler talrige små ordrer, skal etablere en organisation, der kan håndtere gentagelserne af de forskellige etaper i ordrebehandlingen og dermed de ekstraomkostninger, som det indebærer.
A firm processing several small orders will have to provide an organisation that can cope with the greater number of separate processing stages and, hence, the extra costs involved.
De franske myndigheder forklarer, at man har anvendt en koefficient for hver operationstype.
The French authorities explain that a coefficient was applied to each type of operation.
I den forbindelse har man taget hensyn til de forskellige handlinger, der foretages under de enkelte operationer som beskrevet i bilag IV.
To this end, account was taken of the various tasks involved in each of the operations as described in Annex IV.
På grundlag af oplysningerne fra Frankrig kan Kommissionen udlede, at i 1994 var omkostningerne ved behandling af små ordrer på 4446706 FRF.
On the basis of the information supplied by France, the Commission is able to conclude that for 1994 the costs of processing small orders were FRF 4446706.
Omsætningen fra ordrer på under 500 FRF var på 2419006 FRF.
Turnover in orders of less than FRF 500 was FRF 2419006.
Støtten i samme år var på 2000000 FRF.
The aid for the same year amounted to FRF 2000000.
Driftsresultatet bliver således – 27700 FRF.
The operating loss was consequently, FRF 27700.
Støtte
Grants
Samlet indtægt
Total income
Omk. ordrebehandling
Processing costs
4446706 FRF
FRF 4446706
Driftsresultat
Operating result
27700 FRF
FRF 27700
Kommissionen konkluderer dermed, at støtten på 2000000 FRF ikke udgjorde nogen overkompensation af omkostningerne ved ekspeditionen af de små ordrer.
As a result, the Commission concludes that the aid of FRF 2000000 did not overcompensate the costs of processing of small orders.
Med henblik på at kontrollere relevansen af oplysningerne for referenceåret 1994 anmodede Kommissionen de franske myndigheder om supplerende oplysninger vedrørende CELF's behandling af små ordrer for andre perioder.
To check the relevance of the information supplied for the reference year 1994, the Commission asked the French authorities to supply further information concerning the processing of small orders by CELF for other periods.
Dokumenterne og forklaringerne, som Frankrig indsendte for andre regnskabsår, viser, at strukturen for små ordrer (omsætning i forhold til antal små ordrer, antallet af bestilte bøger, antallet af fakturaer vedrørende disse samt antallet af kunder og ordrelinjer osv.) lå på samme niveau år for år.
The supporting documents and explanations sent by France for other financial years show that the structure of small orders (turnover compared with the number of small orders, the quantity of books ordered, the number of invoices relating thereto, and the number of customers and order lines) remained stable from one year to another.
I denne situation finder Kommissionen, at oplysningerne for 1994 med god grund kan betragtes som reference for Kommissionens vurdering.
In the circumstances, the Commission considers that the data for 1994 can reasonably serve as a reference for the Commission's assessment.
På grundlag af de aftaler, som Kommissionen har modtaget, har den ligeledes kunnet kontrollere, at alle eventuelle overskydende beløb blev fratrukket støttebeløbet i det efterfølgende år.
The Commission was also able to verify from the agreements it was sent that any excess amount was deducted from the aid paid the following year.
Støtten vil dermed ikke kunne finansiere CELF's andre salgsaktiviteter i modsætning til påstandene fra SIDE og flere tredjemænd.
It was not possible therefore for the aid to finance other commercial activities of CELF, contrary to the claims of SIDE and several intervening third parties.
Støtten blev rent faktisk tildelt årligt på grundlag af CELF's indsendelse af regnskabsoplysninger, herunder regnskabskonti, som godtgørelse af ekstraomkostningerne ved programmet for små ordrer. Støttebeløbene vil derfor ikke kunne anvendes til andre formål end det påtænkte.
The aid was allocated annually on the basis of accounting information supplied by CELF, including grant utilisation accounts, justifying the extra costs incurred through the Small Orders programme; the aid, therefore, was not liable to be used for other purposes than those for which it was granted.
Vurdering af de fejl, SIDE har påpeget
Assessment of the errors identified by SIDE
SIDE gjorde i sine seneste bemærkninger Kommissionen opmærksom på, at de regnskabsoplysninger, som de franske myndigheder havde fremsendt til Kommissionen for at godtgøre eksistensen af ekstraomkostninger under sagsforløbets anden fase, indeholdt visse fejl.
In its most recent comments, SIDE informed the Commission that the accounting information supplied by the French authorities to the Commission, in the second stage of the proceedings, as evidence of extra costs contained certain errors.