natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det blev fremført, at de tekniske fremskridt, der havde ført til mere holdbare sten, og en effektiv stålproduktionsproces var årsagerne til den skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
It was alleged that the technical progress resulting in longer lasting bricks and an efficient steel making process were causing the injury suffered by the Community industry.
Under undersøgelsen blev det af flere forskellige stålproducenter understreget, at forbruget af magnesiasten pr. ton produceret stål var faldet som følge af de tekniske fremskridt.
During the investigation it was pointed out by various steelmakers that due to technical progress, consumption of magnesia bricks per tonne of steel produced had decreased.
EU-25 Stålproduktion (kilotons)
EU-25 Steel production (kilotonnes)
EU-25 Forbrug af magnesiasten (tons)
EU-25 Consumption of magnesia bricks in (tonnes)
Brug af magnesiasten i stål (tons pr. kiloton)
Use of bricks in steel (tonnes per kilotonne)
Det fremgår af ovenstående tabel, at brugen af magnesiasten i stål kun var på ca. 2 %.
The above table shows that the magnesia bricks use in steel was only around 2 %.
Et fald i denne beskedne mængde kan ikke forklare nedgangen i salgspriserne og rentabiliteten, således som det er anført i afsnittet om skade.
A fall of this small magnitude would not explain the reductions in sales prices and profitability, as explained above in the section on injury.
Derfor konkluderes det, at virkningerne af stenenes bedre tekniske kvalitet ikke kan have været en væsentlig årsag til den skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
Therefore, it is considered that the effects of the better technical quality of the bricks could not have been a significant cause of the injury suffered by the Community industry.
Under undersøgelsen blev det konstateret, at visse stålproducenter fortsat selv producerer en del magnesiasten.
It was found during the investigation that some steel producers continue to produce some magnesia bricks themselves.
Der blev imidlertid ikke fundet noget tegn på, at denne praksis er taget til i den pågældende periode.
No indication has, however, been found that this practice has increased over the period.
Da der desuden ikke var noget stålselskab, som samarbejdede som en producent af magnesiasten, var det klart, at denne produktionssektor ikke havde nogen virkninger for EF-erhvervsgrenens økonomiske situation.
Furthermore, as no steel company cooperated as a magnesia bricks producer, it was clear that this sector of production had no effect on the Community industry’s economic situation.
Virkningerne af valutakursændringer
Impact of currency changes
En anden faktor, som hævdes at have forårsaget skaden, er valutakursen mellem dollar og euro.
Another factor which is claimed to have caused the injury is the currency exchange rate of the dollar against the euro.
Dette er potentielt vigtigt, eftersom den kinesiske renminbi i mange år har været bundet til dollaren, og det fremføres, at udsvingene i dollar/euro-valutakurserne har gjort det mere attraktivt for de kinesiske producenter at eksportere til Fællesskabet.
This is potentially important since the Chinese renminbi has been pegged to the dollar for many years and it is argued that fluctuations in dollar/euro rates have made it more attractive for Chinese producers to export to the Community.
Dollarens fald i forhold til euroen er imidlertid ikke altid faldet sammen med en importstigning.
However, the fall of the dollar compared to the euro has not always coincided with the increases in imports.
Valutakursfaldet startede i juni 2002, mens importen begyndte at vokse betydeligt allerede i 2001.
The exchange rate fall began in June 2002 whereas imports started to increase significantly in 2001.
Desuden bør det bemærkes, at fragtpriserne fra Kina til Fællesskabet er steget betydeligt i den betragtede periode.
Furthermore, it should be stated that freight rates from the PRC to the Community have increased considerably over the period considered.
Hvis importen fra Kina udelukkende voksede, fordi valutakursudsvingene havde skabt bedre markedsbetingelser, så kunne det også forventes, at importen ville falde eller i det mindste stabilisere sig, hvis sådanne valutaudsving blev udlignet af højere fragtpriser.
If imports from the PRC were increasing simply because exchange rate fluctuations had created better market conditions, then it could also be expected that imports would fall, or at least stabilise, if such currency fluctuations have been compensated by increased freight rates.
Selv om der faktisk forekom en sådan udligning (i løbet af de sidste 15 måneder af den betragtede periode steg fragtpriserne med ca. 25 % (kilde: P&O Nedlloyd)), voksede importen ikke desto mindre fortsat.
While this compensation indeed took place (during the final 15 months of the period considered freight rates increased by around 25 % (source P&O Nedlloyd)), imports have nevertheless continued to increase.
Derfor konkluderes det foreløbigt, at virkningerne af valutakursændringer næppe kan have bidraget til den skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
Therefore, it is provisionally concluded that the impact of currency changes can hardly have contributed to the injury suffered by the Community industry.
Virkningerne af EF-erhvervsgrenens import til Fællesskabet
Impact of imports to the Community by the Community industry
Nogle interesserede parter hævdede desuden, at skaden var selvpåført, fordi EF-erhvervsgrenen også selv importerede den pågældende vare fra Kina.
Some interested parties also claimed that injury was self-inflicted because the Community industry also imported the product concerned from the PRC.
Det skal erindres, at RHI, som er omfattet af EF-erhvervsgrenen, importerede 5 % af sin samlede salgsmængde i Fællesskabet fra Kina i undersøgelsesperioden.
It is recalled that RHI, which is included in the Community industry, imported 5 % of its total Community sales volume from the PRC during the IP.
Disse importerede varers andel af importen og prisforskel i forhold til salget i Fællesskabet er imidlertid relativt beskedne og kan ikke have haft større virkninger for markedet.
However, the import share and the price difference for these imports compared to the Community sales are relatively small and could not have had a major impact on the market.
Virkningerne af EF-erhvervsgrenens eksport
Impact of exports by the Community industry
I undersøgelsesperioden blev ca. 27 % af EF-erhvervsgrenens produktionsmængde eksporteret fra Fællesskabet.
During the IP around 27 % of Community industry production volume was exported outside the Community.
Eksportmængden faldt kun en anelse i den pågældende periode.
The volume of exports fell only slightly over the period.
Rentabiliteten af denne eksport var imidlertid højere end for salget på EF-markedet og kan ikke siges at have haft nogen negative virkninger for den skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
However, the profitability of these exports was higher than the sales on the Community market and could not be said to have had any negative impact on the injury suffered by the Community industry.
Det skal erindres, at skaden i dette tilfælde primært består i prisfald med deraf følgende rentabilitetsfald.
It should be recalled that the injury in this case is primarily price depression causing reduced profitability.
I betragtning af at den hurtigt voksende import fra Kina i væsentlig grad underbød EF-erhvervsgrenens priser, er der intet, der tyder på, at ovennævnte andre faktorer kan have været en betydelig årsag til den væsentlige skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
Bearing in mind that the rapidly increasing imports from the PRC undercut substantially the Community industry prices, there is no indication that the abovementioned other factors could have been a significant cause of the material injury suffered by the Community industry.
Der fandtes ved undersøgelsen ingen andre faktorer, der kan have forvoldt væsentlig skade.
No further other factors have been found in the course of the investigation that could have caused material injury.
På grundlag af ovenstående analyse af virkningerne af alle kendte faktorer for EF-erhvervsgrenens situation konkluderes det foreløbigt, at der er en årsagssammenhæng mellem dumpingimporten fra Kina og den væsentlige skade, der er påført EF-erhvervsgrenen.
Based on the above analysis of the effects of all known factors on the situation of the Community industry, it is provisionally concluded that there is a causal link between the dumped imports from the PRC and the material injury suffered by the Community industry.
Det er blevet undersøgt, om der findes tvingende årsager til at konkludere, at det ikke vil være i Fællesskabets interesse at indføre antidumpingtold på importen fra det pågældende land.
It has been examined whether compelling reasons exist that could lead to the conclusion that it would not be in the Community interest to impose anti-dumping duties against imports from the country concerned.
Kommissionen sendte spørgeskemaer til importører, industrielle brugere og leverandører.
The Commission sent questionnaires to importers, industrial users and suppliers.
Der blev modtaget besvarelser af spørgeskemaerne fra 14 brugere, fem leverandører og tre uafhængige importører.
Questionnaire replies were received from 14 users, five suppliers and three unrelated importers.
På grundlag af de oplysninger, der er modtaget fra de samarbejdsvillige parter, er der draget følgende konklusioner.
On the basis of the information received from the cooperating parties, the following conclusions are reached.
Det skal erindres, at EF-erhvervsgrenen bestod af fire producenter, som beskæftiger ca. 800 medarbejdere til produktion og salg af den pågældende vare.
It is recalled that the Community industry consisted of four producers which employ around 800 staff for the production and sales of the product concerned.
Det skal også erindres, at ovennævnte økonomiske indikatorer for EF-erhvervsgrenen viste forværrede finansielle resultater i den betragtede periode.
It is also recalled that the economic indicators of the Community industry above showed deteriorating financial results during the period considered.
Trods den beskedne forbedring i undersøgelsesperioden kunne EF-erhvervsgrenen ikke opnå en tilfredsstillende finansiel situation på grund af dumpingimporten fra Kina.
Despite the slight improvement during the IP, the Community industry could not reach a satisfying financial situation due to dumped imports from the PRC.
Det står klart, at hvis der ikke indføres foranstaltninger, vil mere og mere af produktionen i Fællesskabet blive indstillet, og stålselskaberne vil så nødvendigvis være meget mere afhængige af kinesisk produktion.
If measures were not imposed it is clear that more and more production in the Community will be closed and that steel companies will be forced to rely much more heavily on Chinese production.
Der findes i øjeblikket kun få produktionsanlæg i verden, og langt størsteparten af råvarerne (især magnesiumoxid) befinder sig i Kina.
There are few production sites around the world currently and the vast majority of raw materials (especially magnesium oxide) are located in the PRC.
Derfor findes der ingen store forsyningskilder i andre tredjelande.
Therefore, there are no large-scale sources of supply in other third countries.
På den anden side vil EF-erhvervsgrenen i betragtning af ovenstående klart få fordel af indførelsen af antidumpingforanstaltninger.
On the other hand, based on the above, the Community industry would obviously benefit from the adoption of anti-dumping measures.
Derfor konkluderes det foreløbigt, at det vil være i EF-erhvervsgrenens interesse, at der indføres antidumpingforanstaltninger.
It is, therefore, provisionally concluded that anti-dumping measures would be in the interest of the Community industry.
Fire selskaber besvarede spørgeskemaet til uafhængige importører, selv om kun to af dem importerede den pågældende vare i undersøgelsesperioden.
Four companies completed the questionnaire for unrelated importers, although only two of these imported the product concerned during the IP.
De samarbejdsvillige importører var imod indførelsen af foranstaltninger og fremførte, at der kun fandtes nogle få store producenter af ildfaste materialer i Fællesskabet, og at importen af kinesiske sten havde udvidet konkurrencen på EF-markedet.
The cooperating importers opposed the imposition of measures and claimed that there were only a few large refractory producers in the Community and that the imports of Chinese bricks had enhanced competition on the Community market.
Hvis der blev indført foranstaltninger og priserne blev hævet, ville de kinesiske selskaber måske mindske deres salg til Fællesskabet, og importørerne ville lide tab som følge af mindre handel og lavere rentabilitet.
Should measures be imposed and prices raised, Chinese companies may reduce sales to the Community and the importers would suffer losses through reduced trading and reduced profitability.
En importør fremførte, at den kunne blive tvunget til at nedlægge sin virksomheder, som beskæftiger 8 ansatte, eftersom den pågældende vare udgør en stor andel af dens virksomhed.
One importer argued that they may have to close down their businesses employing eight staff, as the product concerned represents a major proportion of their business.
Formålet med antidumpingforanstaltningerne er imidlertid hverken at forhindre import eller at hæmme EF-importørernes aktiviteter.
However, the purpose of the anti-dumping measures is neither to prohibit imports nor to hamper the activities of the importers in the Community.
Eftersom de foreslåede foranstaltninger kun berører en relativt beskeden andel af EF-stålindustriens samlede omkostninger og der eksisterer etablerede forretningsforbindelser mellem kinesiske eksporterende producenter og brugerne i Fællesskabet, som er baseret på specifikke tekniske krav, er det sandsynligt, at importørernes traditionelle aktiviteter vil fortsætte, også selv om der indføres antidumpingforanstaltninger over for dumpingimporten.
As the proposed measures affect only a relatively small proportion of the Community steel industry’s total costs and there are existing business relationships established between Chinese exporting producers and the Community users based on specific technical requirements, it is likely that the traditional business of the importers will continue even if anti-dumping measures against dumped imports are imposed.
Desuden blev det konstateret, at den anden importør ikke vil blive berørt væsentligt, hvis der indføres foranstaltninger, idet den pågældende vare tegner sig for mindre end 1 % af selskabets samlede omsætning.
Furthermore, it was found that the other importer could suffer no substantial consequences if measures were imposed since the product concerned comprises much less than 1 % of total company turnover.
De leverandører, der samarbejdede i undersøgelsen, støttede proceduren.
The suppliers which cooperated in the investigation supported the proceeding.
To selskaber, som havde forsynet EF-erhvervsgrenen med råvarer til magnesiasten, dødbrændt magnesit, fremførte, at de nogle år tidligere havde måttet standse deres leverancer til industrien for ildfaste materialer, fordi der kom kinesiske råvarer og senere også kinesiske magnesiasten ind på markedet.
Two companies, which had been supplying Community industry with the main raw material for magnesia bricks, dead burned magnesite, claimed that they had to stop supplying the refractory industry some years ago because Chinese raw material and, later on, Chinese magnesia bricks entered the market.
14 brugerselskaber, dvs. stålproducenter, indgav besvarelser af spørgeskemaet, og endnu en producent og Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl (den tyske stålsammenslutning) fremlagde redegørelser.
14 user companies, i.e. steel producers, submitted questionnaire responses and a further producer and Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl (the German Steel Association) made submissions.
Endnu en bruger udtrykte sin støtte til EF-erhvervsgrenens klage, mens alle andre stålselskaber var imod indførelsen af antidumpingforanstaltninger.
One further user expressed support for the Community industry’s complaint but all other steel companies opposed the imposition of anti-dumping measures.
I alt tegnede brugerselskaberne sig for ca. 38 % af Fællesskabets forbrug af magnesiasten.
In total, the user companies represented about 38 % of Community magnesia brick consumption.
Yderst følsom vare
Highly sensitive product
Ildfaste materialer er yderst vigtige strategiske materialer i stålindustrien.
Refractories are a strategically very important material for the steel industry.
Alt det stål, der produceres, passerer gennem konvertere, ovne og støbeskeer, som er foret med magnesiasten.
All the steel they produce passes through the converters, furnaces and ladles which are lined with magnesia bricks.
Hvis de ildfaste materialer er mangelfulde, kan det få væsentlige konsekvenser i form af f.eks. produktionsafbrydelser, reparationer og sikkerhed.
The consequence of refractory failure could, therefore, have material repercussions in terms of interrupted production, repairs and safety.
Derfor er høj kvalitet, dvs. langtidsholdbare sten, og god teknisk støtte en yderst vigtig faktor for denne slags varer.
Therefore, high quality, i.e. long lasting bricks, and good technical support is a very important factor for this kind of product.
Disse høje tekniske krav betyder, at der kræves lang tid og store investeringer og forskning for at opbygge leverandørrelationer.
Because of these high technical requirements, it takes a long time, high investments and research to build a supplier relationship.
Det vil også være yderst vanskeligt at skifte fra en kinesisk producent til en anden.
Also the change from one Chinese producer to another producer would be very difficult.
Stålproducenterne fremfører, at de i de seneste to år har gjort gode fremskridt med de kinesiske producenter og deres importører i Fællesskabet, især fordi effektiviteten er blevet forbedret, og der er foretaget innovationer.
The steel producers claim that they have made good progress in the last two years with Chinese producers and their importers in the Community, especially because efficiency was improved and innovations have been made.
De selskaber, der er imod proceduren, frygter følgelig, at der vil opstå en alvorlig risiko for mangel på sten af høj kvalitet ledsaget af adækvat teknisk støtte.
The opposing companies consequently fear that there would be a serious risk of shortage of high quality bricks with adequate technical support.
De frygter, at de kinesiske producenter vil forsvinde fra EF-markedet, hvis der indføres foranstaltninger.
They fear that Chinese producers would disappear from the Community market if measures were imposed.
Dertil kommer, at de største reserver af magnesit, som er den vigtigste råvare i magnesiasten, findes i Kina.
In addition, the main reserves of magnesite, which is the main raw material of magnesia bricks, are situated in the PRC.
Stålindustrien frygter derfor, at dens forbindelser med de kinesiske råvareleverandører vil blive svækket.
The steel industry is therefore afraid that their relations with Chinese raw material suppliers might be impaired.
Som angivet ovenfor er formålet med antidumpingforanstaltningerne hverken at forhindre import eller at hæmme stålproducenternes aktiviteter.
As stated earlier, the purpose of the anti-dumping measures is neither to prohibit imports nor to hamper the activities of the steel producers.
Derfor vil ikke-skadevoldende import stadig kunne komme ind på EF-markedet.
Consequently, non-injurious imports could still enter the Community market.
De forbindelser, der er etableret med kinesiske eksportører, vil således kunne opretholdes, selv om der indføres antidumpingforanstaltninger over for dumpingimporten.
Therefore, established relationships with Chinese exporters could be continued even if anti-dumping measures against dumped imports are imposed.
Dette bekræftes af den omstændighed, at den pågældende vare kun tegner sig for en uanselig del af stålproducenternes samlede produktionsomkostninger, således at foranstaltningernes virkninger for brugernes omkostninger er ubetydelige (jf. betragtning 143).
This is confirmed by the fact that the product concerned only represents an insignificant part in the total cost of production of steel producers, so that the impact of measures on the costs of users is negligible (see below recital 143).
Det skal også understreges, at den pågældende vare er af strategisk betydning for stålindustrien.
It should also be pointed out that the product concerned is of strategic importance for the steel industry.
Hvis der ikke indføres foranstaltninger, er der risiko for, at produktionen af den pågældende vare overføres til Kina på lang sigt.
If measures are not imposed, there is a risk of a transfer of the production of the product concerned to the PRC in the long-term.
I betragtning af mangelen på større producenter i andre tredjelande vil det helt klart ikke være holdbart for stålindustrien at være så afhængig af importvarer fra Kina.
Bearing in mind the lack of important producers in other third countries, such a reliance on Chinese imports is clearly not a viable scenario for the steel industry.
Desuden foreligger der ikke nogen underbygget dokumentation vedrørende de eventuelle virkninger for adgangen til råvarer for de stålproducenter, der selv fremstiller magnesiasten.
Furthermore, there is no substantiated evidence concerning a possible impact on access to raw material for those steel makers which produce magnesia bricks themselves.
Markedsstruktur
Market structure
Brugerindustrien hævdede, at eventuelle foranstaltninger ville styrke en markedsstruktur med nogle få store producenter.
The user industry claimed that measures would strengthen a market structure consisting of few important producers.
Brugerne fremførte, at denne situation med manglende konkurrence har udviklet sig som følge af fusioner og opkøb i industrien for ildfaste materialer i 1990'erne.
The users claimed that this situation of a lack of competition developed due to mergers and acquisitions in the refractory industry in the 1990s.
Den største producent på EF-markedet havde en markedsandel på ca. 30 % i undersøgelsesperioden, og det er ikke sandsynligt, at dette er tilstrækkeligt til, at den kan kontrollere og dominere markedet.
The largest producer on the Community market had around 30 % market share in the IP which is unlikely to be large enough for them to control and dominate the market.
Dette understøttes af den omstændighed, at importen fra Kina har været i stand til at undergrave denne producents markedsandel.
This is supported by the fact that imports from the PRC have been able to erode their market share.
Som anført ovenfor vil den pågældende import efter al sandsynlighed fortsætte efter indførelsen af foranstaltninger.
As outlined above, these imports will in all likelihood continue after the imposition of measures.
Desuden er der mange mindre selskaber, som producerer magnesiasten i Fællesskabet, herunder nogle af stålselskaberne selv, og der blev under undersøgelsen ikke fremlagt beviser for, hvordan de store aktører på EF-markedet har domineret markedet i det anførte omfang.
Furthermore, many smaller companies produce magnesia bricks in the Community, including some steel companies themselves, and no evidence was provided during the investigation of how the large players on the Community market have dominated the market to the extent claimed.
Da der ikke forelå noget bevis for nogen konkurrencebegrænsende adfærd, er den pågældende påstand ubegrundet og udokumenteret.
As there was no evidence of any anti-competitive behaviour, the allegation remains unfounded and unsubstantiated.
Øgede omkostninger
Increased costs
Stålindustrien fremførte også, at antidumpingtold på magnesiasten ville afføde ekstra omkostninger på det yderst prisfølsomme stålmarked, navnlig i forhold til konkurrencen med stålproducenter uden for Fællesskabet.
The steel industry also argued that anti-dumping duties on magnesia bricks would generate additional costs in the highly price sensitive steel market, particularly in respect of competition with steel producers outside the Community.