natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Navnlig artikel 32 indeholder bestemmelser om børns beskyttelse mod alle former for arbejde, "that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development" (som kan tænkes at være farlige eller hindre barnets uddannelse eller være skadelig for barnets helbred eller fysiske, psykiske, åndelige, moralske eller sociale udvikling).
In particular, Article 32 provides for the protection of children from any form of work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.
Konventionen indeholder desuden foranstaltninger imod anvendelse af børn ved handel med narkotika og andre ulovlige stoffer, seksuel udnyttelse, slavehandel med børn og imod børns deltagelse i væbnede konflikter.
Moreover, the Convention contains measures against the use of children in the trafficking of drugs and other illegal substances, sexual exploitation, slave trading and against their participation in armed conflicts.
Konventionen, der er ratificeret af alle verdens lande med undtagelse af USA og Somalia, suppleres af to valgfrie protokoller fra år 2000 om børns deltagelse i væbnede konflikter og om salg af børn, børneprostitution og børnepornografi.
The Convention, which has been ratified by all the states in the world except the USA and Somalia, is supplemented by two optional protocols from the year 2000 concerning the involvement of children in armed conflicts and trafficking in children, child prostitution and pornography.
Problemerne med børnearbejde er også omfattet af internationale arbejdsregler.
The problems created by child labour are also covered by international labour rules.
To internationale konventioner udarbejdet af Den Internationale Arbejderorganisation (ILO) er lige vigtige.
Two International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions are equally important.
Konvention 138 om minimumsalderen ved ansættelse (1973)
Convention 138 concerning the minimum age for admission to employment (1973)
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm. , som er 15 år (14 for udviklingslandene), mens minimumsalderen for farligt arbejde er 18.
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm. , which is 15 years of age (14 for the developing countries), while for hazardous work the minimum age is 18.
Konvention 138 er ikke ratificeret af USA og tre EU-medlemsstater.
Convention 138 has not been ratified by the USA and three Member States of the European Union.
I konvention 182 (1999)
Convention 182 (1999)
Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm. defineres de værste former for børnearbejde som i) alle former for slaveri eller praksisser, der kan sidestilles med slaveri, f.eks. gældsslaveri og livegenskab, samt tvangsarbejde eller obligatorisk arbejde, inklusive tvungen eller obligatorisk rekruttering af børn under 18 år til anvendelse i væbnede konflikter, ii) børneprostitution eller pornografi, iii) anvendelse af børn til ulovlige aktiviteter, f.eks. handel med narkotika og iv) alle former for arbejder, der kan tænkes at skade børns fysiske eller psykiske helbred.
Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm . defines the worst forms of child labour as (i) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children under the age of 18 for use in armed conflict, (ii) child prostitution or pornography, (iii) the use of children for illicit activities, such as the trafficking of drugs and (iv) any form of work which is likely to harm the physical or mental health of children.
Kun en enkelt EU-medlemsstat har ikke ratificeret denne konvention.
Only one Member State of the European Union has not ratified this Convention.
På regionalt plan markerede Den Afrikanske Unions undertegnelse af det afrikanske charter om børns rettigheder og velfærd i 1990 et stort skridt fremad
At the regional level, significant progress was represented by the signing of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child by the African Union in 1990
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child,
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child ,
I chartrets artikel 22.2 hedder det bl.a., at intet barn under 18 år må tage direkte del i væbnede konflikter.
Inter alia, Article 22.2 of the Charter states that no child under the age of 18 shall take a direct part in hostilities.
Undertegnelsen af forskellige internationale konventioner og særlige protokoller markerer kun begyndelsen på indførelsen af vigtige normer til beskyttelse af børn på internationalt plan.
The signing of various international conventions and special protocols represents only the beginning of the formation of a significant legal framework for the protection of children at international level.
Ratificeringen og implementeringen af disse på nationalt plan er desværre fortsat utilstrækkelig.
Unfortunately, however, their ratification and implementation at national level remains inadequate.
ILO fremlagde i 1992 det internationale program om afskaffelse af børnearbejde
In 1992, the ILO presented the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour
IPEC - International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour. , der omfatter aktioner på forskellige områder, bl.a. udøvelse af pres på regeringerne, for at der vedtages lovgivning om obligatorisk grundlæggende uddannelse.
IPEC - International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour which includes action in various areas such as exerting pressure on governments to adopt laws on compulsory basic education.
IPEC-programmet fungerer fint i 51 lande og rummer muligheder for udvikling, hvis det får tilført yderligere midler.
The IPEC operates successfully in 51 countries and has the potential to develop, if its funding is bolstered.
Der er i FN forskellige afdelinger og mekanismer, som er ansvarlige for fremme af menneskerettigheder, og som beskæftiger sig med fænomenet børnearbejde.
In the United Nations, there are various departments and mechanisms responsible for promoting human rights and dealing with the phenomenon of child labour.
En af disse er FN's højkommissær for menneskerettigheder.
One of these is the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Denne institution omfatter to kategorier af organer, der fremmer beskyttelsen af menneskerettigheder: organerne under menneskerettighedschartret og organerne under traktaterne.
This office comprises two categories which promote the protection of human rights: the bodies set up by the Charter of Human Rights and those prescribed by the Treaties.
Udvalget for Børns Rettigheder
The Committee on the Rights of the Child
Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). , et organ tilhørende sidstnævnte kategori, er et organ, som er sammensat af specialiseret, uafhængigt personale, der overvåger implementeringen af traktaten og af de to valgfrie protokoller i de stater, der har ratificeret dem; staterne selv skal også fremsende regelmæssige rapporter til udvalget.
Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) , of the latter category, is a body composed of specialised, independent personnel who supervise the implementation of the Treaty and the two optional protocols in the States which have ratified them; the States themselves are also required to submit regular reports to the Committee.
FN samarbejder med andre organisationer og tjenester med henblik på fremme af menneskerettigheder.
The UN works together with other organisations and services to promote human rights.
Blandt disse organisationer bidrager UNICEF til opfyldelsen af dette mål gennem samarbejdsprogrammer med nationale regeringer.
Of these organisations, UNICEF contributes towards that end via cooperation programmes with national governments.
Børns rettigheder var også emnet på FN's Generalforsamlings særlige samling i maj 2002, som havde til formål at fastlægge rammerne med henblik på fremme af børns rettigheder i det næste årti.
Children’s rights were also the subject of the UN General Assembly Special Session of May 2002, the aim of which was to draw up a framework to promote children’s rights over the following ten years.
Børnearbejde behandles i slutteksten "A world fit for children"
Child labour is covered in the final text ‘A world fit for children’
Generalforsamlingen opfordrer imidlertid det internationale samfund til at afskaffe og forbyde de værste former for børnearbejde, mens teksten er mindre præcis, hvad angår andre former for arbejde.
However, the General Assembly encourages effective action by the international community to eliminate and prohibit the worst forms of child labour while, on other forms of labour, the text is less precise.
EU's rolle i bestræbelserne på at afskaffe børnearbejde
The role of the EU in the fight to eliminate child labour
Indsatsen til fremme af børns rettigheder og især bestræbelserne på at afskaffe børnearbejde er ikke genstand for en ensartet EU-strategi.
The promotion of children’s rights and, in particular, the endeavour to eliminate child labour are not the subject of a uniform European strategy.
Selv i EU's udviklingspolitik indtager dette policyaspekt ikke en central plads.
Even within European development policy, this aspect of policy does not occupy a central position.
Rådets forordning om kravene til gennemførelsen af udviklingssamarbejdsaktioner, der bidrager til de generelle mål om udvikling og befæstelse af demokratiet og af retsstaten samt respekt for menneskerettighederne og de grundlæggende frihedsrettigheder
Moreover, neither does the Council regulation laying down the requirements for the implementation of development cooperation operations which contribute to the general objective of developing and consolidating democracy and the rule of law and to that of respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms
I meddelelse fra Kommissionen om, hvordan Den Europæiske Union kan medvirke til at fremme menneskerettigheder og demokratisering i tredjelande
The Communication from the Commission concerning the European Union’s role in promoting human rights and democratisation in third countries
KOM(2001)0252 . gøres opmærksom på, at "respekten for menneskerettigheder og demokrati må integreres i alle EU's eksterne politikker ("mainstreaming") for at få effektiv virkning".
COM(2001)252, final stresses that ‘to be effective, respect for human rights and democracy should be an integral or ‘mainstream’, consideration in all EU external policies’.
Denne metode opmuntrer til, at man søger løsninger på problemet, men kan anses for vilkårlig, medmindre der også findes egnede organer, som retter søgelyset mod problemerne blandt øvrige prioriterede opgaver
Such an approach encourages the search for solutions to the problem but may be considered haphazard unless appropriate bodies are also present to turn the spotlight on these specific problems amid the other priorities
Mirjam Van Reisen, Invisible children, Towards integration of children's rights in EU Member States' development cooperation policies, 2002. .
Mirjam Van Reisen, Invisible children, Towards integration of children’s rights in EU Member States’ development cooperation policies, 2002 .
Europa-Parlamentet fremhæver denne risiko i sin beslutning om handel med børn og børnesoldater og i Den Blandede Parlamentariske Forsamling AVS-EU's beslutning om børns rettigheder og særligt om børnesoldater .
The European Parliament underscores that risk in its resolution on trafficking in children and child soldiers and in the resolution of the ACP-EU Joint Assembly on the rights of children and, in particular, child soldiers .
Der er to tilgange til spørgsmålet.
There are two approaches to the subject.
På den ene side en horisontal tilgang, der omfatter den almindelige integrering af beskyttelsen af børns rettigheder i alle EU-politikker og på den anden side specifikke foranstaltninger, som sigter mod at fremme børns rettigheder, herunder et særligt budget til dette formål.
On the one hand a horizontal approach which embraces the general incorporation of the protection of children’s rights into all the European Union’s policies and, on the other hand, specific measures aimed at promoting children’s rights, including a special budget for that purpose.
Virksomhedernes ansvar
Corporate responsibility
Globaliseringen har ændret de multinationale virksomheders rolle.
Globalisation has changed the role of multinational companies.
Forbrugerne er blevet mere bevidste ikke kun om produkternes kvalitet og pris, men også om de forhold, under hvilke de fremstilles.
Consumers have become more aware not only about quality and the price of products but also about the conditions under which they are manufactured.
Søgelyset rettes derfor mod de multinationale virksomheders sociale ansvar.
The social responsibility of the multinationals is therefore the focus of much attention.
Det første forsøg på at angribe spørgsmålet fra denne vinkel blev gjort i 1997 med trepartserklæringen om principperne for multinationale virksomheder og socialpolitik , som vedtoges af Den Internationale Arbejderorganisation (ILO), og som blandt andet omhandler respekten for minimumsalderen for adgang til at udføre erhvervsarbejde
In 1997, the first attempt was made to approach the subject from this angle, with the Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy , adopted by the International Labour Organisation (ILO), which contains references, inter alia, to respect for the minimum age for access to employment
Paragraph 36, Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/multi/download/english.pdf. og afskaffelsen af de værste former for arbejde
Paragraph 36, Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/multi/download/english.pdf. and the elimination of the worst forms of labour
Introduction 190, ibid. .
Introduction 190, ibid. .
I 2000 fastlagde OECD's retningslinjer for multinationale virksomheder en række ikke-obligatoriske regler på forskellige menneskerettighedsområder, som understregede nødvendigheden af, at virksomhederne yder et bidrag til den faktiske afskaffelse af børnearbejde
In 2000 the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises laid down a number of non-mandatory rules in various areas of human rights which stressed the need for companies to make a contribution to the abolition of child labour
Chapter IV, paragraph 1b), The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2000, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/36/1922428.pdf. .
Chapter IV, paragraph 1b), The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2000, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/56/36/1922428.pdf .
Hertil kommer, at FN siden 2000 har forfulgt det samme mål i form af det femte princip under Global Compact-initiativet
Moreover, since 2000, the same aim has been pursued by the United Nations in the form of the fifth principle of the Global Compact
FN's højkommissærs rapport om transnationale selskabers ansvar med hensyn til menneskerettigheder, som blev vedtaget af Underudvalget for Beskyttelse og Fremme af Menneskerettigheder i 2003, bekræfter og understøtter de principper, som indtil da var blevet håndhævet i forbindelse med børnearbejde
The report by the UN High Commissioner on the responsibilities of transnational corporations with regard to human rights, which was adopted by the Subcommission on the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights in 2003, confirms and reinforces the principles championed in relation to child labour
Chapter II, paragraph 42 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and related business enterprises with regard to human rights, E/CN.
Chapter II, paragraph 42 Report of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and related business enterprises with regard to human rights , E/CN.
I takt med fremkomsten af nye initiativer til beskyttelse af børns rettigheder er der fremkommet stadig flere "adfærdskodekser" for virksomhederne, samtidig med at der argumenteres for, at økonomisk succes udmærket kan gå hånd i hånd med respekten for børns rettigheder.
As initiatives to protect children's rights have evolved, more 'codes of conduct' for companies have emerged to attune them to the argument that economic success can go hand in hand with respect for children's rights.
Kakaoindustrien udgør i denne henseende et positivt eksempel.
A positive example in this respect is the cocoa industry.
I 2000 dannedes Global Industry Group (GIG) af producenter, fagforeninger og andre aktører i kakaoindustrien på internationalt plan.
In 2000, the Global Industry Group (GIG) was formed by producers, trade unions and other players in the cocoa industry at international level.
Ved udgangen af samme år undertegnede de en protokol vedrørende tilfælde af udnyttelse af børn som arbejdskraft i de kakaoproducerende lande i Vestafrika.
At the end of that year, they signed a Protocol concerning cases of exploitative child labour in cocoa-growing in the countries of West Africa.
Målet med denne protokol er at udvikle effektive og pålidelige standarder ved dyrkningen af dette særlige produkt senest i juli 2005.
The aim of this Protocol is to develop effective and authoritative standards in the farming of this particular product by July 2005.
West Africa commercial agriculture programme to combat hazardous and exploitive child labour.
West Africa commercial agriculture programme to combat hazardous and exploitive child labour.
Dette program omfatter fem lande i Vestafrika: Ghana, Cameroun, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea og Nigeria http://www.ilo.org/public/french/region/afpro/yaounde/mdtyaounde/download/wacapsye.pdf. inden for rammerne af ILO's IPEC-program sigter mod at afskaffe de værste former for børnearbejde i kakaoindustrien og inden for kommercielt landbrug og at afskaffe alt børnearbejde under farlige vilkår inden for denne sektor.
This programme covers five countries in West Africa: Ghana, Cameroon, the Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea and Nigeria http://www.ilo.org/public/french/region/afpro/yaounde/mdtyaounde/download/wacapsye.pdf. , in the broader framework of the ILO IPEC programme, aims to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in the cocoa industry and commercial agriculture and to remove all children working under hazardous conditions in the cocoa industry.
Ifølge rapporterne om de første resultater af programmet (30. juni 2004) er 250 børn blevet fjernet fra plantager i ovenstående lande og vendt tilbage til skolen i september.
The first results of the programme (30 June 2004) report that 250 children were removed from plantations in the West African countries and returned to schools in September.
En anden positiv udvikling indtraf i Pakistan (75 % af produktionen af fodbolde på verdensplan).
Another positive development occurred in Pakistan (where 75% of global production of soccer balls takes place).
Resultaterne af en fælles undersøgelse foretaget af ILO, Sialkot Chambers of Commerce og Industry and the American Council for Soccer Ball Industry gav anledning til stor bekymring, hvad angår børn på dette område.
The findings of a joint study by the ILO, the Sialkot Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the American Council for the Soccer Ball Industry were of particular concern in relation to the children in this area.
Sialkot Chambers of Commerce and Industry og ILO iværksatte en plan for at begrænse anvendelse af børn ved fremstillingen (syning) af fodbolde og uddanne tidligere yngre arbejdere, således at de har mere varierede muligheder for beskæftigelse i fremtiden.
The Sialkot Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the ILO implemented a plan to restrict the use of children in the production (stitching) of soccer balls and to educate former, younger workers so that they have more varied opportunities for employment in the future.
Ifølge skøn omfattende de første to år var resultaterne af gennemførelsen af denne plan opmuntrende, og antallet af producenter, som deltager, er øget
According to estimates for the first two years, the results of implementing this plan were encouraging and the number of producers taking part had increased
Combating child labour in the soccer ball industry in Pakistan, From stitching to school
Combating child labour in the soccer ball industry in Pakistan, From stitching to school
B. Anerkendelse af virksomhedernes sociale ansvar
B. Recognition of corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Under dette program blev der gjort et væsentligt fremskridt med meddelelse fra Kommissionen om virksomhedernes sociale ansvar
In this programme, significant progress was made with the Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate Social Responsibility
Meddelelse fra Kommissionen om virksomhedernes sociale ansvar: virksomhedernes bidrag til bæredygtig udvikling, KOM(2002)0347 . .
Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate Social Responsibility: a business contribution to Sustainable Development, COM(2002) 347 final. .
Virksomhedernes sociale ansvar er blevet defineret som en frivillig integrering af sociale og miljømæssige hensyn i virksomhedernes drift.
CSR has been defined as voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns in the business operations of companies.
Man går ud fra, at hvis det lykkes virksomhederne at gennemføre ændringer på en socialt ansvarlig måde, vil dette have en positiv virkning på det makroøkonomiske plan.
It is considered that if companies succeed in managing change in a socially responsible manner this will make a positive impact at macro-economic level.
I sin beslutning om Kommissionens meddelelse om ikke-statslige aktørers inddragelse i EF's udviklingspolitik
In its resolution on the Communication from the Commission on participation of non-state actors in EC development policy
Europa-Parlamentets beslutning om Kommissionens meddelelse til Rådet, Europa-Parlamentet og Det Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg om ikke-statslige aktørers inddragelse i EU's udviklingspolitik, A5-0249/2003 . anerkendte Parlamentet virksomhedernes sociale ansvar som en bestanddel af EU's udviklingspolitik, som var meget vigtig, da der indirekte er tale om et instrument til beskyttelse af børn mod økonomisk udnyttelse.
EP resolution on the communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee on participation of non-state actions in EC development policy, A5-0249/2003 . , Parliament recognised CSR as an element of EU development policy, which was particularly important as it indirectly represents an instrument for the protection of children from economic exploitation.
Priserne på de varer, der er fremstillet ved hjælp af børns billige arbejdskraft, er mere konkurrencedygtige.
The prices of the products produced by the hands of cheap child labour are more competitive.
Børn bør ikke ofres på udviklingens og konkurrencens alter.
Children should not be sacrificed on the altar of development and competitiveness.
Følgelig er lande, som ikke investerer i kvaliteten af deres menneskelige ressourcer, henvist til fortsat underudvikling.
Consequently, countries which do not invest in the quality of their human resources are condemned to perpetuate their underdevelopment.
udnyttelse af børn i udviklingslandene med særligt fokus på børnearbejde
on the exploitation of children in developing countries, with a special focus on child labour