natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Medlemmerne af Parlamentets Særlige Udvalg om Politikudfordringer (SURE) ønsker et "mere europæisk" og "mindre mellemstatsligt" indtægtsystem for EU-budgettet.
MEPs on the SURE Committee want to shift to a "more European" and "less intergovernmental" income system for the EU budget.
Vi præsenterer her en kort oversigt over EU-budgettets historie.
Read on for a short overview of the history of the EU's own resources system.
1951 - 1970: Fra nationale bidrag til "egne indtægter" Kul- og Stålfællesskab (EKSF), der blev oprettet i 1951, blev finansieret ved hjælp af afgifter på kul - og stålproduktion, uden at passere de nationale budgetter, og udgjorde dermed EKSF's "egne indtægter".
1951-1970: From national contributions to the emergence of own resources
Da Det Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab (EØF) erstattede EKSF i 1957, ændrede finansieringssystemet sig.
The European Coal and Steel community (ECSC), set up in 1951, was financed through direct levies on coal and steel production.
Da EØF ikke havde egne indtægter til at begynde med, blev det finansieret via en blanding af afgifter og bidrag fra de seks medlemsstater.
When the European Economic Community (EEC) was set up in 1957, it didn’t have any own resources so was financed by a mixture of levies and contributions from the six founding countries.
Selvom told var nævnt i Rom-traktaten, var det afgifter på landbrugsvarer, som udgjorde de første egne indtægter i EØF i 1962 (det år, hvor den fælles landbrugspolitik blev etableret).
The first levies were on agriculture in 1962, when the Common Agricultural Policy was established, but were insufficient to finance the EEC so member states continued to make financial contributions.
Denne beslutning identificerede formelt egne indtægter som: told, landbrugsafgifter og en årligt justeret procent af det harmoniserede momsgrundlag.
It also replaced member state contributions with "the Communities' own resources" - customs duties, agricultural levies and an annually adjusted percentage of the harmonized VAT base.
1970 - 1988: Der sættes spørgsmålstegn ved systemet om egne indtægter
1970-1988: own resources system
Opkrævningsomkostningerne blev anslået til et gennemsnit på 5 %, og de enkelte medlemsstater havde ofte kun ringe interesse i at sikre, at systemet for egne indtægter fungerede korrekt.
Collection costs were estimated at an average of 5%, and after some years it was decided that countries could deduct collection costs directly and transfer just 90%.
Efter nogle år fik medlemsstaterne ret til straks at fratrække opkrævningsomkostningerne og blot overføre 90 % til EF-budgettet.
From 1975-1985 the system was based on a maximum of 1 % of VAT, but in 1985 the Council raised the ceiling to 1.4%.
De stigende spændinger over finansieringen af budgettet resulterede i, at 3 årlige budgetter blev (i 1979, 1982 og 1984).
Growing tensions over financing led to the annual budget being rejected in 1979, 1982 and 1984.
1988 - 1999: Oprettelse af den flerårige finansielle ramme (MFF)
1988-1999: 4th own resource
For at sætte en stopper for de årlige budgetkampe, forslog Kommissionens daværende formand, Jacques Delors, at skabe en flerårig finansiel ramme (MFF) for en periode på fem år (1988 - 1992), som satte årlige lofter for betalinger og forpligtelser for EU's egne indtægter.
To put a stop to the annual fight over the budget, Commission President Jacques Delors came up with the idea of a long-term EU budget, known as the financial perspective, which imposed annual ceilings on payments and commitments for the Community’s own resources over a five-year period.
Herudover blev en andel af de enkelte medlemsstaters BNI tilføjet som en fjerde indtægtskilde.
In addition, a proportion of each member state’s gross national product was added as a fourth own resource .
Ideen var at skabe en større sammenhæng mellem medlemsstaternes økonomiske velstand og deres bidrag til budgettet.
The idea was to match member state payments more closely with their economic wealth.
Den fjerde indtægtskilde (BNI-indtægten) skabte på mange måder en mere mellemstatslig struktur.
1999-2011: "net contributor", "net beneficiary"
1999 - 2011: "nettobidragsyder" og "nettomodtager" Det var i denne periode, at medlemsstaterne begyndte at diskutere, hvem der bidrog mest til EU-budgettet.
Member states began to advertise their net positions and define who was paying the most.
Medlemsstaternes "bidrag" til Europa begyndte at dukke op i nationale budgetter og placerede dermed europæiske udgifter i konkurrence med nationale udgifter, hvilket førte til en yderligere erosion af begrebet "egne indtægter".
Individual "contributions" began to appear in national budgets, putting European funds in competition with national spending and leading to an erosion of the "own resources" concept.
I 1999 blev det beløb, som medlemsstaterne har ret til at trække fra de traditionelle egne indtægter hævet til 25 %.
Over recent years, there have been significant changes to the own resources system.
Behov for en reform af indkomstsystemet
Need for reform
Medlemmerne af Parlamentets Særlige Udvalg om Politikudfordringer ønsker at skabe et "mere europæisk" og "mindre intergovermentalt" indkomstsystem.
SURE committee members hope for a return to the "old own resources spirit" of 1957, with a clear aspiration for "financial autonomy".
BNI-baserede indtægter i 2000: 40 % af EU's samlede indtægter BNI-baserede indtægter i 2010: 75 % af EU's samlede indtægter
SURE Committee Commission: reforming the budget
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Den økonomiske lovgivningspakke
Economic governance package explained
Seks lovforslag skal styrke EU´s økonomi Europa-Parlamentet er fast besluttet på at sikre, at en økonomisk og finansiel krise som den vi i øjeblikket står over for, ikke vil gentage sig i fremtiden.
A €100 note in slices In autumn 2010 the EU agreed to tighten financial supervision in the private sector in an effort to head off any future financial crisis.
Fire af forslagene har til formål at styrke stabilitets- og vækstpagten og budgetovervågningen, mens de to sidste har til formål at overvåge og kontrollere de makroøkonomiske ubalancer i EU.
Four of the proposals aim to strengthen the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and budgetary surveillance, while the remaining two focus on monitoring and controlling macro-economic imbalances within the EU.
I denne temasektion ser vi nærmere på indholdet af de forskellige elementer i lovpakken.
Our feature outlines the key issues and stages of the package.
Parlamentet vil som helhed tage stilling til de seks betænkninger i forbindelse med plenarmødet i Strasbourg i juni.
In the first section you will find the press release following the final vote in plenary, we also have an interview with the Economic Committee Chair Sharon Bowles and explanations about the package from the MEPs responsible for guiding the six proposals through the EP.
Hvad forårsagede den finansielle krise?
The two-pack initiative: stepping up budgetary surveillance in the Eurozone
©BELGA/EPA/ANDY RAIN
Countries that have adopted the euro should consult the Commission and other members of the eurozone before adopting any major economic and fiscal policy reform plans with potential spillover effects.
Medlemsstaterne forsøger i øjeblikket at løse krisen i euroområdet.
They should submit their plans to the Commission for monitoring in advance of the plans becoming binding.
Men hvad var egentlig baggrunden for krisen?
I have to pay homage to the Parliament for this."
Hvad er krisens vigtigste lære?
Less horse trading, more responsibility
Tja, en del af problemet var, at medlemsstaterne ikke overholdt reglerne om gæld og underskud.
Neither can the governments opt to do nothing, since such a warning will in any event be issued if the vote is not taken within 10 days of it being proposed by the Commission.
Parlamentet mener, at tiden er inde til at gøre det.
And if governments do vote to reject a warning, they will need to explain themselves to the European Parliament in public.
Se nedenfor hvorfor.
Member States long insisted that this should not be the case.
AV side EuroparlTV Pressekonference (EN) YouTube video
A new fine (0.2% GDP) for Eurozone members which supply fraudulent statistics with regard to data on deficits and debt,
Økonomisk styring: Parlamentet vedtager sin position forud for Det Europæiske Råd
greater independence of statistical bodies and standards for the compilation of statistics, and
MEPerne presser på for en række nye regler, som er mere ambitiøse og vil give mere gennemslagskraft til Kommissionens oprindelige udspil.
Secondly, it innovates, by aiming to oblige policy makers to act swiftly to restore the health of economies that are threatened by macro-economic imbalances, such as house-price bubbles or loss of competitiveness.
Større åbenhed, stærkere automatiske advarsler og sanktioner samt nye bøder indgår i aftalen.
Both these aims are to be achieved through preventive action, primarily warnings, and corrective action, in the form of sanctions.
Politiske grupper til venstre for midten advarer dog om for megen økonomisk tilbageholdenhed.
The EP got agreement on that for all decisions in the framework of the Stability and Growth pact.
Dele af pakken - særligt dem, der vedrører en styrkelse af stabilitets- og vækstpagten - gik igennem med et lille flertal.
In addition, a number of further measures such as a financial transaction tax and Eurobonds are being studied.
De dele af teksterne, der omhandler forebyggelse af makroøkonomiske ubalancer (økonomisk overophedning) blev også vedtaget med brede flertal.
The texts dealing with preventing macro-economic imbalances (overheating economies) garnered significant majorities.
De vedtagne tekster repræsenter nu det samlede Parlaments officielle holdning forud for Det Europæiske Råds møde.
The adopted texts now provide finance ministers and heads of state, ahead of the European Council of 23-24 June, with an official position of the EP as a whole.
Den vedtagne position vil også danne grundlag for forhandlinger mellem MEPerne og medlemslandene, der fortsætter med henblik på at nå frem til en aftale hurtigst muligt.
This position will form the backbone of the talks between MEPs and Member States, which are set to continue in earnest in order to reach a final deal as soon as possible.
Vigtige punkter i teksten
MEPs could take that final vote in July, provided a deal has been hammered out with Council.
De vedtagne tekster medtager en række nye spørgsmål, der fremkom som et resultat af det sidste forhandlingsmøde med det ungarske formandskab i sidste uge.
The adopted texts contain a range of improvements extracted by MEPs during the latest negotiation session concluded with the Hungarian presidency last week.
Øget brug af omvendt kvalificeret flertal for at gøre advarsler og sanktioner mere automatiserede.
Increased use of reversed qualified majority voting (RQMV) to make warnings and sanctions more automatic.
Dette gælder især i tilfælde, hvor et medlemsland har overhørt Kommissionens advarsler om makroøkonomiske ubalancer
This is particularly the case regarding the declaration that a Member State has taken no corrective action to remedy identified macroeconomic imbalances.
Mere åbenhed ved at offentliggøre flere tekster og diskussioner end tidligere planlagt.
More transparency by making public more texts and discussions than previously envisaged.
Europa-Parlamentet og de nationale parlamentet skal inddrages mere i at holde medlemsstaterne til regnskab
Also through the involvement of the EP and national parliaments in holding Member States to account.
Kodificering af det europæiske semester i de juridiske tekster for at give proceduren juridisk pondus
Codification of the European semester into the legal texts, thereby giving legal weight to this procedure.
En ny bøde (0,5% af BNP) for svigagtig statistik om underskud og gæld
A new fine (0.5% GDP) for fraudulent statistics with regard to data on deficits and debt.
Et rentebærende depositum (0,1% af BNP) i tilfælde, hvor medlemslande ikke reagerer på anbefalinger om at rette op på en makroøkonomisk ubalance
An interest bearing deposit sanction (0.1% GDP) in the event of a Member State not acting upon recommendations to rectify a macroeconomic imbalance.
Øget uafhængighed for statistiske organer
Increased independence of statistical bodies.
Flere detaljer for indikatorer, der skal bruges til at kontrollere makroøkonomiske ubalancer for at sikre, at Kommissionen ikke kun kigger på rent økonomiske indikatorer, men også tager den sociale dimension i betragtning
More detail on indicators to be used for checking for macroeconomic imbalances to ensure that the Commission does not only look at pure economic indicators but also keeps the social dimension in mind.
Sikring af sociale overenskomstforhandlinger og aftaler om lønfastsættelse
Safeguarding of social bargaining processes and wage setting agreements.
Udestående spørgsmål
Pending issues also in the six-pack adopted in plenary
Selv om der endnu ikke foreligger nogen fast aftale om nedenstående punkter, indgår de også i de tekster, som MEPerne vedtog torsdag:
Although there is as yet no firm agreement with Member States on the following points, they also feature in the texts adopted on Thursday by MEPs:
Der er endnu ingen aftale om at udstede erklæringer til medlemsstater, der ignorerer advarsler fra Kommissionen om, at deres udgiftsniveau e for højt.
No agreement yet on automatically issuing declarations to Member States which disregard Commission warnings on expenditure overshoots.
Dette punkt er inkluderet i de vedtagne tekster, da det betragtes som en vej til at introducere sanktioner og derfor kan give lande et reelt incitament til at rette op på forholdene
This automaticity is provided in the adopted texts since it is considered as the door to imposing sanctions and therefore can provide a real incentive to a country to rectify its situation.
Ferreira-rapporten blev vedtaget med stemmerne 551 for, 88 imod og 29 blanke
Prudent fiscal policy and economic policy coordination (Wortmann-Kool report): 333 in favour/303 against/26 abstentions
Goulard-rapporten vedtaget med stemmerne 336 for, 269 imod og 58 blanke
Sanctions related to breaches of the stability and growth pact rules (Goulard report): 336/269/58
Wortmann Kool-rapporten vedtaget med stemmerne 333 for, 303 imod og 26 blanke
Standards for national budgetary frameworks (Ford report): 468/156/48
Forebyggelse og fastsættelse af makroøkonomiske ubalancer
Preventing, fixing macro-economic imbalances
©BELGA/AFP/A.Messinis Den nuværende økonomiske og finansielle krise kan delvis forklares ved hjælp af økonomiske skævheder både mellem medlemsstaterne og inden for den private sektor.
Demonstration May 27, 2011 in front of the Greek Parliament against a new austerity package©BELGA/AFP/A.Messinis The current economic and financial crisis can be explained partly by economic imbalances between Member States and within the private sector.
For at forebygge og korrigere disse ubalancer på et tidligt stadium foreslår Parlamentet et nyt varslingssystem som en del af pakken om økonomisk styring.
To prevent and correct those imbalances at an earlier stage, Parliament proposes a new early warning mechanism as part of the package on economic governance.
Vi talte med nogle af de MEP'er, der har arbejdet med forslaget.
We asked some MEPs to explain further.
Hvorfor er det et problem, når økonomierne er forskellige i medlemsstaterne (f.eks kan nogle medlemsstater have en overophedet økonomi, mens andre måske har en lav konkurrenceevne)?
Why does it matter if member states' economies differ?
I betragtning af, at vi deler den samme valuta, vil sociale skævheder i et land faktisk påvirke alles økonomi" sagde den belgiske Philippe Lamberts (De Grønne).
"Given that we share the same currency, if we end up in a situation in which we have social imbalances in one country, it will impact everyone's economy," Belgian Green Philippe Lamberts said.
Nikolaos Chountis (GUE / NGL, GR) bemærkede: "Når du er medlem af en økonomisk og monetær union, som står over for enorme strukturelle problemer, vil enhver makroøkonomiske ubalance (enten overskud eller underskud), indebære ekstreme socioøkonomiske uligheder.
Greek GUE/NGL member Nikolaos Chountis notes "when you are a member of an economic and monetary union, which faces huge structural problems, every macroeconomic imbalance (either surplus or deficit), implies extreme socioeconomic inequalities.
For eksempel er det de ansatte i de perifere lande, som er berørt af stramningerne, og arbejdstagere i Tyskland, der har måttet leve med lønstagnation i årtier.
For example it is employees in the peripheral countries, who are affected by the austerity measures, and workers in Germany, who have had to deal, for decades now, with salary stagnation."
Er disse ubalancer skyld i den aktuelle krise i euro-zonen?
But are those imbalances to blame for the current crisis in the euro-zone?
"Ingen enkelt faktor kan ses som årsag til krisen, men de makroøkonomiske ubalancer i medlemsstaterne har bidraget til den dårlige tilstand af de offentlige finanser i visse lande", sagde Carl Haglund (ALDE, FI) der har været ordfører på en betænkning om håndhævelse af foranstaltninger til at korrigere uforholdsmæssigt store makroøkonomiske ubalancer i euroområdet.
"No single factor can be seen as the cause for the crisis, but the macroeconomic imbalances in member states have contributed to the poor state of public finances in certain countries," according to Carl Haglund , who drafted the report on enforcement measures to correct excessive macroeconomic imbalances in the euro area.
"For eksempel har Portugal kæmpet med lav konkurrenceevne i årevis, og dette har bidraget til den situation, landet befinder sig i i dag.
"For example, Portugal has struggled with low competitiveness for years and this has contributed to the situation the country is in today.
I andre lande kan årsagen til problemerne findes i uansvarlig långivning og uholdbare offentlige finanser."
In other countries the roots of the problems can be found in irresponsible lending and unsustainable public finances."
"Krisen skyldes mange faktorer: boligbobler i Irland og Spanien, forskelle i produktiviteten, for eksempel mellem Tyskland og Grækenland, lønomkostninger er blot en lille del af billedet, men spillede en stor rolle for Tysklands overskud" sagde Philippe Lamberts.
"The crisis results from many factors: housing bubbles in Ireland and Spain; divergences in productivity, for example between Germany and Greece.
Er det muligt at forhindre disse skævheder?
Labour costs are just a small part of the picture but played a big role for the Germany’s surpluses," said Mr Lamberts.
"Konstant overvågning af forskellige indikatorer for den makroøkonomiske udvikling i medlemsstaterne ville være nyttigt, såsom huspriser, udviklingen i eksporten, udviklingen i den offentlige og private gæld.
"Constant monitoring of different indicators of macroeconomic development in the member states, such as house prices, export trends, public and private debt levels would be helpful," said Italian Christian Democrat Herbert Dorfmann .
Vi vil opdage, hvis noget går i den forkerte retning.
"We will be able to see if something is going wrong."
"Overvågningens rammer skal ses som et redskab for fremtiden, der tager sigte på at vende problematiske tendenser, før de fører til store økonomiske vanskeligheder.
Mr Haglund sees the surveillance framework "as a tool for the future, aiming at reversing problematic trends before they lead to great economic difficulties.
De rette målrettede foranstaltninger kan forhindre ubalancer eller vende ubæredygtige udviklingstendenser", mente Carl Haglund.
Rightly-targeted measures can prevent imbalances or reverse unsustainable trends."
I hvilke lande vil forebyggelsen eller fastsættelsen af ​​disse ubalancer gøre mest ondt?
Elisa Ferreira , who is guiding the report on the prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances through the EP, said, "When the Commission assesses a country's performance it must take into account social factors such as the level of unemployment and investment in education."
"Krav til medlemsstaterne om at løse deres makroøkonomiske ubalancer handler ikke om at indføre foranstaltninger, som gør ondt på landet eller deres borgere og straffe dem, der allerede er under et stort pres", sagde Carl Haglund.
"Requiring member states to address their macroeconomic imbalances is not about imposing measures that hurt countries or their citizens and punishing those already under a lot of pressure," said Mr Haglund.
"Det er mere skadeligt, hvis store makroøkonomiske ubalancer ikke behandles, da de kan have enorme konsekvenser for økonomien som helhed."
"It is more harmful if excessive macroeconomic imbalances are not dealt with, as they can have a drastic effect on the economy as a whole."
Hvad er ansvaret for lande med store overskud som Finland eller Tyskland?
What about countries with big surpluses like Finland or Germany?
"I overvågningen af ​​de økonomiske spændinger mellem landene sørgede vi for, at lande med betalingsbalanceoverskud vil også blive kontrolleret.
Countries with current account surpluses must also be included in the checks on economic stresses between countries, Ms Ferreira said.
Disse lande skal også overvåges nøje, fordi deres overskud afspejler ofte svagheder i den indenlandske efterspørgsel", mente Elisa Ferreira.
"These countries need to be closely monitored because their surpluses often reflect weaknesses in domestic demand."
Philippe Lamberts sagde "Vi kan forhindre sådanne ubalancer ved at sørge for, at produktivitet og udvikling bliver mere ens i medlemsstaterne, men også i den måde, lønningerne og magt er fordelt.
Mr Lamberts said, "we can prevent such imbalances by making sure that productivity and development fall more into line between member states, but also in the way wages and power are distributed.
I Tyskland er prisen på arbejdskraft blevet holdt kunstigt lave.
In Germany, the price of labour has been kept artificially low.
En stor del af overskuddet er blevet produceret på bekostning af arbejderne."
Much of the surplus has been produced at the expense of workers."
Carl Haglunds betænkning Elsa Ferreiras betænkninger
The Parliament thinks the time has come for them to do so.
Økonomiudvalgets formand om den økonomiske lovpakke
Economics Committee chair on economic governance package: big shock for Council
Sharon Bowles Mens medlemsstaterne forsøger at overvinde den nuværende krise i euroområdet, arbejder Parlamentet på en lovpakke, der skal sikre mere gennemsigtighed og økonomisk stabilitet i EU.
ITW with MEP Sharon Bowles While member states are trying to fix the crisis in some euro-zone countries, Parliament is already focusing on preventing this happening in the future.
Vi talte med økonomiudvalgets formand Sharon Bowles (ALDE, UK), der i øjeblikket forhandler med Rådet.
We put a few questions on the economic governance package to Economics Committee Chair Sharon Bowles, who is currently negotiating with member states, ahead of a vote in plenary.
Hvad ønsker Parlamentet at opnå med den økonomiske lovpakke?
What does Parliament want to achieve with this package?
Vigtigst er gennemsigtighedsspørgsmålet, da det handler om medlemsstaternes ansvarlighed.
Most important is the transparency issue, which also means the accountability of the member states.