natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det viste sig, at ombudsmændenes vellykkede indsats skyldtes flere faktorer: information af borgerne; ikke at skulle frygte negative konsekvenser af sin klage og at tro på systemets kapacitet.
Apparently, the success of the measures taken by the Ombudsmen depended on several conditions: information of the citizen, the citizen’s not having to fear the negative consequences of the complaint and belief in the system’s capacity.
Ret til aktindsigt (artikel 42)
Right of access to documents (Article 42)
Anbefaling fra Europarådets Ministerkomité http://cm.coe.int/stat/F/Public/2002/adopted_texts/recommendations/f2002r2.htm R (2002) af 21. februar 2002 om aktindsigt i offentlige dokumenter .
Recommendation R (2002)2 of 21 February 2002 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe http://cm.coe.int/stat/F/Public/2002/adopted_texts/recommendations/f2002r2.htm on access to official documents.
Rådets afgørelse http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=da&numdoc=32002D0682&model=guichett (2002/682/EF,Euratom) af 22. juli 2002 om vedtagelse af Rådets forretningsorden EFT L 230 af 28.8.2002, s. 7. .
EU Council Decision 2002/682/EC, Euratom http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=fr&numdoc=32002D0682&model=guichett of 22 July 2002 adopting the Council's Rules of Procedure Publication: OJ L 230, 28.8.2002. .
Interinstitutionel aftale http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=da&numdoc=32002Q1130(01)&model=guichett af 20. november 2002 mellem Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet om Europa-Parlamentets adgang til Rådets følsomme oplysninger på det sikkerheds- og forsvarspolitiske område EFT C 298 af 30.11.2002, s. 1. .
Interinstitutional Agreement http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=fr&numdoc=32002Q1130(01)&model=guichett of 20 November 2002 between the European Parliament and the Council concerning access by the European Parliament to sensitive information of the Council in the field of security and defence policy Publication: OJ C 298, 30.11.2002. .
Herefter kan EP konsultere dokumenter klassificeret "confidentiel", "secret" eller "top secret" (konsultation i Rådets lokaler efter anmodning fra EP's formand og et særligt udvalg bestående af fire medlemmer, der er udpeget af Formandskonferencen).
Henceforth, the European Parliament will be able to consult documents classified as 'confidential', 'secret' and 'top secret' (on the Council's premises and in response to a request from the President of the European Parliament or from a special committee consisting of four members appointed by the Conference of Presidents).
Kommissionens afgørelse http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=da&numdoc=32002D0047&model=guichett (2002/47/EF,EKSF,Euratom) af 23.januar 2002 om ændring af dens forretningsorden (adgang til interne dokumenter) EFT L 21 af 24.1.2002, s. 23. .
Commission Decision 2002/47/EC, ECSC, Euratom http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=fr&numdoc=32002D0047&model=guichett of 23 January 2002 amending its Rules of Procedure (access to internal documents) http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=fr&numdoc=32002D0047&model=guichett .
EP's beslutning af 14. marts 2002 om Europa-Parlamentets, Rådets og Kommissionens gennemførelse af forordning (EF) nr. 1049/2001 om aktindsigt .
EP resolution of 14 March 2002 on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 on public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents
EP's beslutning af 16. maj 2002 om reformen af Rådet og åbenhed (T5-0246/2002).
Resolution of 16 May 2002 on reform of the Council and transparency (T5-0246/2002).
EP gør opmærksom på, at forordning 1049/2001 om aktindsigt i EP's, Rådets og Kommissionens dokumenter gælder for al lovgivning.
Parliament points out that the scope of Regulation No 1049/2001 on public access to EP, Council and Commission documents covers all legislation.
Det mener, at Rådet bør være til stede, når Parlamentet vedtager lovtekster og omvendt, når Rådet vedtager endelig lovgivning.
It considers it essential that the Council be present when texts are adopted in Parliament and that Parliament also be present when the Council takes final legislative decisions.
Det anmoder også om, at Rådet bliver repræsenteret i Forligsudvalget.
It also calls for the Council to be represented in the Conciliation Committee.
Parlamentet ønsker, at Rådets samlinger bliver åbne for offentligheden, og at drøftelser og afstemninger transmitteres audiovisuelt.
Parliament wishes to see the Council's meetings open to the public and discussions and votes to be broadcast by TV.
Endelig anmoder det om, at Rådet og medlemsstaterne indleder en informationskampagne over for borgerne om deres ret til aktindsigt i EU's dokumenter.
Finally, it asks the Council and the Member States to implement an information campaign with a view to informing citizens of their right of access to EU documents.
De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol
European Court of Justice
Retten Sag T-211/00 Kuijer mod Rådet, dom af 7.2.2002. minder om, at aktindsigt i institutionernes dokumenter er princippet og afslag undtagelsen.
The Court of First Instance recalls Case T-211/00, Kuijer v Council of 7 February 2002. that the legal rule is that the public is to have access to the documents of the institutions and that the power to refuse access is the exception.
Derfor er en afgørelse om afslag kun gyldig, hvis den er begrundet i en af undtagelserne i artikel 4 i afgørelse 93/731.
A decision denying access is therefore valid only if it is based on one of the exceptions provided for in Article 4 of Decision 93/73.
En betingelse for, at disse undtagelser kan bringes i anvendelse, er, at risikoen for, at offentlighedens interesser skades, kan forudses med en rimelig grad af sandsynlighed og ikke er rent hypotetisk.
If those exceptions are to apply, the risk of the public interest being undermined must therefore be reasonably foreseeable and not purely hypothetical.
Det forhold, at visse dokumenter indeholder oplysninger eller negative udsagn vedrørende de politiske forhold eller beskyttelsen af menneskerettighederne i et tredjeland, indebærer herefter ikke, at der uden videre kan nægtes aktindsigt i dem.
Moreover, the mere fact that certain documents contain information or negative statements about the political situation or the protection of human rights in a third country does not necessarily mean that access to them may be denied.
Der skal altid foretages en verifikation af oplysningerne vedrørende indholdet.
An analysis of factors specific to the contents must also be carried out.
Chartrets artikel 42 gengiver ordlyden af EØF-traktatens artikel 255.
Article 42 of the Charter takes over Article 255 of the EEC Treaty.
Retten til aktindsigt i EP's, Rådets og Kommissionens dokumenter hænger udtrykkeligt sammen med unionsborgerskabet, men er også åben for enhver fysisk eller juridisk person med bopæl eller hjemsted i en medlemsstat.
The right of access to EP, Council and Commission documents is expressly linked to European citizenship but also open to any natural or legal person having its registered office in a Member State.
De europæiske institutioner er ved at udvikle en strategi, der skal forbedre borgernes aktindsigt, men også deres ret til information mere generelt.
The European institutions are currently developing a strategy to improve citizens' access to documents as well as the right to information more generally.
Blandt de centrale tiltag er forslaget om at oprette en europæisk tv-station, forenkling af det sprog, der bruges på webstederne og bedre samarbejde mellem medlemsstaterne.
Key aspects include a proposal to set up a European television channel, simplification of the language used on websites and more effective cooperation between Member States.
Institutionerne er ved at færdigudvikle de værktøjer, der skal benyttes til at lære borgerne, hvordan de skal bruge og ikke kun kende deres rettigheder.
The institutions are developing tools in order to educate citizens on how to use, and not only to know, their rights.
Det vil være en god ide at indføje en borgernes ret til information i den fremtidige forfatningstraktat.
The inclusion in the future constitutional treaty of a right to information for the citizen would be welcome.
Fri bevægelighed og opholdsret (artikel 45)
Freedom of movement and of residence (Article 45)
Offentlig høring om den fremtidige udvikling af EU's undervisnings-, uddannelses- og ungdomsprogrammer efter 2006.
Public consultation on future development of EU education, training and youth programmes after 2006.
b) EF-Domstolens praksis
(b) ECJ case law
EF-Domstolen har i 2002 dømt flere stater for ikke at have omsat bestemmelserne om etableringsfrihed til national lovgivning.
In 2002, the European Court of Justice ruled against several Member States for failure to transpose provisions relating to freedom of establishment.
Østrigsk lovgivning er uforenelig med fællesskabsretten, da der ved beregning af alderspension ikke tages hensyn til perioder med børnepasning, når disse er tilbragt i udlandet, bortset fra perioden efter ikrafttrædelsen af forordning 1408 (1971).
The Austrian law is incompatible with Community law insofar as the determination of old-age insurance does not take account of child rearing periods completed in another country, except for the period covered since the entry into force of Regulation 1408/1971.
Den overtræder dermed artikel 45 om etableringfrihed og artikel 15 om arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed Sag C-28/00 Kauer, dom af 7.2.2002. .
There was therefore a violation of Article 45 on freedom of establishment and Article 15 on free movement of workers Case C-28/00 Kauer of 7 February 2002. .
I 2002 klargjorde Domstolen Sag C-413/99 Baumbast og R, dom af 17.9.2002. situationen for børn af en EU-borger, der havde bosat sig i en medlemsstat, mens den ene af deres forældre udøvede sin opholdsret som vandrende arbejdstager.
In 2002 the Court clarified Case C-413/99 Baumbast and R. of 17 September 2002. the situation of children of an EU citizen who have settled in a Member State during the exercise by the parent of a right of residence as a migrant worker.
Disse børn har ret til at opholde sig i denne medlemsstat for at fortsætte deres almindelige skolegang.
Such children are entitled to reside there in order to attend general education courses and this right applies even where the parents have meanwhile divorced or where the parent has ceased to be a migrant worker in the host Member State.
Denne ret består fortsat, selv hvis forældrene i mellemtiden er blevet skilt, og hvis den af forældrene, der er EU-borger, ikke længere er vandrende arbejdstager i værtslandet.
The fact that the children are not themselves citizens of the Union is irrelevant.
EP bifaldt i høj grad direktivforslaget af 23. maj 2001, der består af en længe ventet omarbejdning af teksterne om EU-borgernes frie bevægelighed og opholdsret i EU på lignende eller samme betingelser som dem, de har i deres eget land.
The European Parliament approved by a large majority the proposal for a directive dated 23 May 2001 which constitutes a long-awaited recasting of the legislation governing freedom of movement and of residence for European citizens in the EU in conditions similar to those which they enjoy in their own countries.
Blandt de vigtigste bestemmelser i denne tekst kan nævnes: retten til permanent ophold efter fire års fast ophold for borgeren og dennes familiemedlemmer samt forbud mod enhver udsendelsesafgørelse selv med begrundelse i hensynet til den offentlige orden eller sundhed.
Among the most important provisions are the following: right of permanent residence after an uninterrupted four-year period of residence for citizens and their families and a ban on any decision leading to deportation from the country, even on grounds of public order or public health.
EP godkendte ligeledes direktivforslaget om tredjelandsstatsborgeres status som fastboende udlændinge, som især giver en fast EU-opholdstilladelse til tredjelandsstatsborgere efter 5 års lovligt ophold samt ret til fri bevægelighed inden for EU.
The European Parliament also approved the proposal for a directive on the status of third-country nationals who had been resident for a lengthy period which would grant to third-country nationals a long-term Community residence permit after five years of legal residence, together with the right of freedom of movement within the EU.
I modsætning hertil er romaernes situation skandaløs, da de i vid udstrækning ikke har ret til fri bevægelighed og til ophold (se artikel 21).
However, the situation of the Roma minority, who are largely denied the right to freedom of movement and of residence (see Article 21), is quite scandalous.
KAPITEL VI: RETFÆRDIGHED I RETSSYSTEMET
CHAPTER VI: JUSTICE
I Begyndelsen af februar 2003 udsendte Kommissionen en grønbog om samme emne.
At the beginning of February 2003 the Commission published a Green Paper on the same subject.
Oplægget har til formål at fastlægge mere ensartede standarder i straffesager i EU og indeholder emner som meddelelser om rettigheder, der skal gives til mistænkte og særlige rettigheder for udsatte grupper.
The Paper seeks to put in place more equivalent judicial norms in the EU and covers issues such as letters of rights to be handed to suspects and special rights for vulnerable groups.
I et område med frihed, sikkerhed og retfærdighed bør retsprocedurerne praktisk talt yde de samme retsgarantier overalt, således at sagsbehandlingen ikke adskiller sig nævneværdigt fra den ene domstol til den anden.
In an area of Freedom, Security and Justice, procedural rules should respond broadly to the same guarantees so as to ensure that people will be treated equally, irrespective of the jurisdiction dealing with their case.
Endvidere bør medlemsstaterne have tillid til andre medlemsstaters retsvæsen (især på baggrund af den vedtagne rammeafgørelse om den europæiske arrestordre).
Furthermore, Member States should have confidence in the judicial system of the other Member States (especially in the light of the adopted Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant).
Adgang til effektive retsmidler og til en upartisk domstol (artikel 47)
Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial (Article 47)
Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstol (Strasbourg)
European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg)
Rimelig frist
Reasonable time-limit
Overskridelse af den rimelige frist for domsafsigelsen - både i civile sager og i straffesager - er den vigtigste årsag til de overtrædelser, Menneskerettighedsdomstolen har konstateret.
The exceeding of a reasonable time-limit for the handing down of a judgment – in both civil and criminal cases – constitutes the major source of infringements recorded by the European Court of Human Rights.
Ingen stat går fri af det fænomen.
This phenomenon is common to all the Member States.
I flere år har det imidlertid været særlig slemt i Italien , således som det klart fremgår af statistikkerne Siden sine domme af 28. juli 1999 har Menneskerettighedsdomstolen her afdækket en "praksis", der giver den grundlag for at formode overtrædelse af menneskerettighedserklæringens artikel 6, stk. 1: jf. Menneskerettighedsdomstolen dom Di Mauro mod Italien (req. nr. 34256/96) af 28. juli 1999; dom Bottazzi mod Italien (req. nr. 34884/97) af 28. juli 1999; og dom A. P. og Ferrari mod Italien (req. nr. 35256/97 og nr. 33440/96) af 28. juli 1999. .
For several years now, it has been particularly prevalent in Italy , as statistics show In the judgments that it handed down on 28 July 1999, the European Court of Human Rights identified therein a ‘practice’ which enables it to presume a breach of Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights: see ECHR judgment in Di Mauro v Italy (34256/96) of 28 July 1999; judgment in Bottazzi v Italy (34884/97) of 28 July 1999 and the judgment in Ferrari v Italy (35256/97 and 33440/96) of 28 July 1999. .
I 2002 gav næsten 350 sager af den art vedrørende denne medlemsstat anledning til, at Menneskerettighedsdomstolen konstaterede overtrædelse.
In 2002, nearly 350 cases in this category which concerned Italy resulted in the European Court of Human Rights ruling that a breach had been committed.
Da Europarådets Ministerkomité den 13. februar 2003 havde modtaget de italienske myndigheders anden årsrapport om de generelle foranstaltninger, Italien havde truffet for at nedbringe retssagernes urimelige behandlingstid I overensstemmelse med den midlertidige resolution ResDH(2000)135. , måtte komitéen konstatere, at den opmuntrende udvikling, den havde konstateret i den første årsrapport, så ud til at være blevet svækket, eller endog på visse områder at være vendt Som ekspertnetværket fastslog i sin rapport af marts 2003,
On 13 February 2003, after it had received the second annual report by the Italian authorities on the general measures taken by Italy to reduce the excessive length of judicial proceedings In accordance with the Interim Resolution ResDH(2000)135. , the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers was obliged to note that the encouraging developments set out in the first annual report seemed to have slowed down and even to have gone into reverse in some areas As established by the Network of Experts in its report dated March 2003. .
Belgien Stratégies et Communications en Dumoulin mod Belgien (15. juni 2002) nr. 37370/97, præmis 46. : Denne sag vedrører en retslig forundersøgelse mod Dumoulin.
46. : This involved a preliminary investigation against Dumoulin.
Undersøgelsen blev indledt i 1995.
The investigation began in May 1995.
Den dag, dommen blev afsagt, var den retslige forundersøgelse endnu ikke afsluttet.
On the day that judgment was given, the preliminary investigation had not yet been completed.
Domstolen statuerede, at forundersøgelsens komplekse art og varighed - seks år og to måneder - ikke er rimelig.
The Court concluded that the complexity of the case did not justify the length of the preliminary investigation – six years and two months.
Italien: Klager retsforfølges for at have forsøgt at indløse en check i en bank.
Italy : The applicant was charged with trying to cash a banking instrument.
Proceduren afsluttedes efter tre år og fire måneder, en varighed der ikke var klart begrundet.
After a delay of three years and four months, for which no good reason was given, the proceedings were closed.
Adgang til en domstol og retfærdig proces
Access to justice and a fair trial – Italy Osu v. Italy (11 July 2002), No 36534/97, par.
Italien Osu mod Italien (11. juli 2002) nr. 36534/97, præmis 39 og 40. : Klageren blev ved en appelsag dømt for narkotikabesiddelse, uden at han var til stede ved domsafsigelsen, og uden at han havde kendskab til dommen.
39 and 40. : The applicant was sentenced by the Appeal Court for possession of drugs in his absence and without any knowledge of the judgment.
Hans anke blev afvist.
He was refused leave to appeal.
Domstolen statuerede, at klagerens ret til at anke sin dom in absentia var overtrådt.
The ECHR ruled that the applicant’s right to challenge the judgement made in his absence had been violated.
Sverige: Domstolen statuerede, at det svenske system de facto hindrer klageres adgang til en domstol.
Sweden : The ECHR ruled that de facto the Swedish system impeded the applicants’ access to justice.
Desuden var der tale om en overtrædelse af den rimelige frist Västberga Taxi Aktiebolag mod Sverige (23. juli 2002) nr. 36985/97, præmis 102 og 107. .
There was also a breach in respect of a reasonable length of proceedings Västberga Taxi Aktiebolag v. Sweden (23 July 2002), No 36985/97, par.
Blot få uger efter domsafsigelsen blev spædbarnet fjernet fra moderen af frygt for barnets sundhed.
A baby had been removed from the mother only a few hours after birth because of fears for the child.
Finland: Klage over ubegrundet begrænsning af klagerens fiskeret i bestemte farvande.
Finland : A complaint about the illegal limitation of the applicants’ rights to fish in certain waters.
Spanien: Domstolen gav klageren medhold i, at dommeren havde været partisk.
Spain : The ECHR considered the applicant’s fears that the judges in the case were not impartial were justified.
Grækenland: Sag om ekspropriering af en ø.
Greece : A case about the expropriation of an island.
Domstolen statuerede, at den rimelige frist var overtrådt Tsirikakis mod Grækenland (17. januar 2002) nr. 46355/99, præmis 43 og 44. .
The ECHR found there had been a violation as regards a reasonable length of time Tsirikakis v. Greece (17 January 2002), No 46355/99, par.
Østrig: Klageren blev betegnet som nynazist og var gjort ansvarlig for terrorisme med bombebreve.
Austria : The applicant was accused of being a neo-nazi and of having sent letter bombs.
Klagen over dette blev afvist uden retsmøde.
His claim for compensation was dismissed without a hearing.
Frankrig: Klageren var blevet idømt en bøde for at overskride hastigheden.
France : The applicant had been fined for speeding.
Han klagede over denne bøde ved politiretten.
He contested the fine in the police court.
Statsadvokaten erklærede, at klagen ikke kunne tages til følge.
The public prosecutor refused his request.
Lige våben (Equality of arms)
Equality of arms
Østrig: I denne sag statuerede Domstolen, at princippet om lige våben var overtrådt.
Austria : In this case the ECHR found a violation of the principle of ‘equality of arms’.
I denne sag havde statsadvokaten ikke givet klager adgang til de konklusioner, han havde forelagt højesteret Josef Fischer mod Østrig (17. januar 2002) nr. 33382/96, præmis 21. .
The procurator general had submitted conclusions to the Supreme Court without bringing them to the attention of the applicant Jozef Fischer v. Austria (17 January 2002), No 33382/96, par.
Max.mobil mod Kommissionen T-54/99 Max.mobil mod Kommissionen, dom af 30. januar 2002. : I den sag henviser Retten i Første Instans for første gang eksplicit til EU-chartret om grundlæggende rettigheder.
Max.mobil v. Commission T-54/99 Max.mobil v Commission, Judgment of 30 January 2002. : In this case, the Court of First Instance (CFI) explicitly refers to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union for the first time.
Der henvises til artikel 41, stk. 1, i chartret om grundlæggende rettigheder (princippet om god forvaltning), hvor det fastslås, at "… Enhver har ret til at få sin sag behandlet uvildigt, retfærdigt og inden for en rimelig frist af Unionens institutioner og organer…".
Reference is made to Article 41(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights (principle of sound administration) which confirms that ‘... every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions and bodies of the Union...’.
Endvidere "… I øvrigt henhører en sådan domstolskontrol under de almindelige retsstatsprincipper, der er fælles for medlemsstaternes forfatningstraditioner, således som det bekræftes i artikel 47 i chartret om grundlæggende rettigheder, der bestemmer, at enhver, hvis rettigheder som sikret af EU-retten er blevet krænket, skal have adgang til effektive retsmidler for en domstol…".
Furthermore ‘... such judicial review is also one of the general principles that are observed in a State governed by the rule of law and are common to the constitutional traditions of the Member States, as is confirmed by Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, under which any person whose rights guaranteed by the law of the Union are violated has the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal ...’.
Jégo-Quéré mod Kommissionen T-177/01 Jégo-Quéré mod Kommissionen, dom af 3. maj 2002. : En vigtig dom fra Retten i Første Instans, der reviderer retspraksis i henhold til Plaumann vedrørende borgeres kompetence til at anlægge et annullationssøgsmål mod EU-retsakter i henhold til artikel 230 EF.
Jégo-Quéré v. Commission T-177/01 Jégo-Quéré v Commission, Judgment of 3 May 2002. : This is an important judgment handed down by the CFI which reviews the Plaumann case law on the locus standi of individuals to bring an action for annulment under Article 230 of the EC Treaty against normative Community acts.