natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
ECRI noterer desuden en stigning i antal tilfælde af antijødisk vold og i udbredelsen af antisemitisk propaganda Se ligeledes afsnittet om antisemistisme i dette kapitel. , samt en stigning i racistiske handlinger mod og diskrimination af asylansøgere, flygtninge og indvandrere.
It also noted an increase in violence against Jews and a rise in the spread of anti-Semitic propaganda See also paragraph on anti-Semitism in this Chapter. , along with an increase in racist acts and discrimination against asylum seekers, refugees and immigrants.
EUMC har ved hjælp af forskellige meningsmålinger under sit RAXEN-nets national focal points umiddelbart efter den 11. september kortlagt, i hvilket omfang der er forekommet anti-islamiske reaktioner.
The EUMC has conducted various surveys among the national focal points of its RAXEN network to gauge the extent of anti-Islamic reactions after 11 September.
Et resume af de pågældende delrapporter offentliggjordes i en publikation i maj 2002.
This series of reports has been summarised in a publication that appeared in May 2002.
Christopher Allen and Jorgen S. Nielsen, Summary Report on Islamaphobia in the EU after 11 September 2001,
Christopher Allen and Jorgen S. Nielsen, Summary Report on Islamaphobia in the EU after 11 September 2001,
Vienna (EUMC), May 2002.
Vienna (EUMC), May 2002.
Se også: http://eumc.eu.int/publications/terror-report/index.htm .
See also: http://eumc.eu.int/publications/terror-report/index.htm .
For ikke at øve unødig vold på materialet citerer jeg i det nedenstående ordret resultaterne af denne sammenfattende rapport, dvs. sammendraget heraf.
So as not dilute the force of this material, I am quoting the findings in the summary of this comprehensive report verbatim.
Der henvises til originalen, hvis man ønsker nærmere enkeltheder.
For further details the reader is referred to the original.
Forfatterne drager følgende konklusioner:
The authors concluded as follows:
" In general (…)
' In general (…)
- acts of violence/aggression:
- acts of violence/aggression:
relatively low levels of physical violence were identified in most countries, although verbal abuse, harassment and aggression was much more widespread.
relatively low levels of physical violence were identified in most countries, although verbal abuse, harassment and aggression was much more widespread.
Muslims, especially Muslim women, asylum seekers and others, including those who 'look' of Muslim or Arab descent were at times targeted for aggression.
Muslims, especially Muslim women, asylum seekers and others, including those who 'look' of Muslim or Arab descent were at times targeted for aggression.
Mosques and Islamic cultural centres were also widely targeted for damage and retaliatory acts.
Mosques and Islamic cultural centres were also widely targeted for damage and retaliatory acts.
- measures of anti-Islamic actions and reactions:
- measures of anti-Islamic actions and reactions:
the picture remained mixed, where in a number of countries latent and/or pre-existent Islamophobia was seen to find expression in the mentioned acts of violence/aggression.
the picture remained mixed, where in a number of countries latent and/or pre-existent Islamophobia was seen to find expression in the mentioned acts of violence/aggression.
This was reflected in the increase of activity by far-right and neo-Nazi groups.
This was reflected in the increase of activity by far-right and neo-Nazi groups.
Other forms of nationally determined ethnic xenophobia were also given a greater impetus.
Other forms of nationally determined ethnic xenophobia were also given a greater impetus.
A renewed interest in Islamic culture was identified, although this did not necessarily equate to an increased acceptance.
A renewed interest in Islamic culture was identified, although this did not necessarily equate to an increased acceptance.
- good practice to reduce prejudice:
- good practice to reduce prejudice:
numerous inter-faith initiatives, especially between the Abrahamic traditions were undertaken as were similar initiatives emanating from Muslim communities themselves.
numerous inter-faith initiatives, especially between the Abrahamic traditions were undertaken as were similar initiatives emanating from Muslim communities themselves.
Academic institutions and other organisations aided
Academic institutions and other organisations aided
the situation with events, debates, seminars and meetings to discuss relevant issues.
the situation with events, debates, seminars and meetings to discuss relevant issues.
A number of campaigns for intercultural tolerance and awareness were launched.
A number of campaigns for intercultural tolerance and awareness were launched.
- reaction by politicians and other opinion leaders:
- reaction by politicians and other opinion leaders:
the role of national politicians, both governing and in opposition was considered where the vast majority offered conciliation and solidarity with Muslim communities.
the role of national politicians, both governing and in opposition was considered where the vast majority offered conciliation and solidarity with Muslim communities.
Some however chose to remain silent whilst a few made
Some however chose to remain silent whilst a few made
unfortunate and somewhat unnecessary statements.
unfortunate and somewhat unnecessary statements.
Some NFPs noted that political capital was made where immigration and 11 September became entwined.
Some NFPs noted that political capital was made where immigration and 11 September became entwined.
Increased attention by the media was identified by the NFPs as
Increased attention by the media was identified by the NFPs as
being both positive and negative, largely depending upon the respective country.
being both positive and negative, largely depending upon the respective country.
Instances of sensationalism and stereotypical representations of Muslims were noted".
Instances of sensationalism and stereotypical representations of Muslims were noted'.
Summary report, op.cit., blz.
Summary report, op. cit., p.
Et specifikt problem i EU er udbredelsen af racisme og fremmedhad via internet og fodboldstadioner.
The spread of racism and xenophobia via the Internet and in football stadiums is a particular problem in the EU.
I og omkring fodboldstadioner kan der konstateres en stigning i antallet af grupper, der udbreder neo-nazistiske holdninger og synspunkter fra den yderste højrefløj, varierende fra råben af sloganer til ophængning af bannere med hagekors.
In and around football stadiums, there has been an increase in groups expressing neo-Nazi and extreme right-wing views, ranging from shouting slogans to carrying banners with swastikas.
EUMC har kortlagt problemet i en rapport med titlen "Racism, Football and the Internet". http://www.eumc.at/publications/football/index.htm .
The EUMC has analysed this problem in a report on 'Racism, Football and the Internet'. http://www.eumc.at/publications/football/index.htm .
Det er sandsynligvis et udbredt europæisk fænomen, at den intensiverede konflikt mellem Israel og Palæstina siden efteråret 2000 (den anden intifada) er kommet til udtryk i et drastisk stigende antal antisemitiske voldshandlinger, trusler og episoder.
It is probably true to say that the escalation in the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians since spring 2000 (the second Intifada) has been reflected throughout Europe in a sharp rise in the number of anti-Semitic acts of violence, threats and incidents.
Centrum Informatie en Documentatie Israel; Hadassa Hirschfeld, Overzicht Antisemitische incidenten Nederland 2001 en voorlopig overzicht 2002.
Israel Information and Documentation Centre; Hadassa Hirschfeld, Review of anti-Semitic incidents in the Netherlands 2001 and provisional review for 2002.
I det første tilfælde har der navnlig været tale om voldshandlinger og fysiske trusler mod jødiske institutioner og mod personer.
In the first instance, there were acts of violence and physical threats against Jewish bodies and against individuals.
I Nederlandene har der i højere grad været tale om verbal vold (udskældninger, smædekor ved fodboldkampe) og mindre voldsepisoder, såsom vandalisme.
In the Netherlands, it was more a question of verbal abuse (slanging matches, groups chanting at football matches) and minor violent incidents, such as vandalism.
I samme beretning advares der imidlertid mod, at man vænner sig til, at antisemitismen bliver et dagligdagsfænomen, og der opfordres til, at politi og retsvæsen tager spørgsmålet mere seriøst.
However, the reports warn against becoming inured to commonplace anti-Semitism and calls for the police and judicial authorities to take the problem more seriously.
Artikel 22: Kulturel, religiøs og sproglig mangfoldighed
Article 22: Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity
Europarådet – Rammekonventionen om beskyttelse af nationale mindretal
CoE Framework Convention on the protection of national minorities
Denne konvention åbnedes for undertegnelse den 1. februar 1995 og trådte i kraft den 1. februar 1998.
This Convention was signed on 1 February 1995 and entered into force on 1 February 1998.
Den er undertegnet af de fleste lande.
The Convention has been signed by most countries.
Belgien undertegnede den i 2001, kun Frankrig har endnu ikke undertegnet den.
Belgium signed the Convention in 2001, and only France has yet to do so.
Desuden har B, F, GR, L, NL og P endnu ikke ratificeret den.
B, F, GR, L, NL and P have not yet ratified the Convention.
I 2002 (skæringsdato 30. juni) blev konventionen ratificeret af Portugal.
In 2002 (reference date 30 June) the convention was ratified by Portugal.
Europarådet – Den europæiske pagt om regionale sprog eller mindretalssprog
CoE European Charter for regional and minority languages
Denne pagt åbnedes for undertegnelse den 5, november 1992 og trådte i kraft den 1. marts 1998.
This Charter was signed on 5 November 1992 and entered into force on 1 March 1998.
Den er undertegnet af de fleste medlemsstater; B, GR, IRL og P har endnu ikke undertegnet den.
The Charter has been signed by most of the Member States, and only B, GR, IRL and P have not done so.
A, ESP en UK ratificerede pagten i 2001.
A, ESP and UK ratified the Charter in 2001.
B, F, GR, IRL, L og P har endnu ikke ratificeret den.
B, F, GR, IRL, L and P have still to do so.
ILO-konvention nr. 169 om oprindelige folk og stammefolk ( Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention ) .
ILO Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples
Denne konvention vedtoges af ILO's generalkonference den 27. juni 1989 og trådte i kraft den 5. september 1991.
This Convention was adopted on 27 June 1989 in the ILO General Assembly and entered into force on 5 September 1991.
Af EU-landene er det kun DK og NL, der har ratificeret den.
Of the EU Member States, only DK and NL have ratified it.
Kun Frankrig har endnu ikke undertegnet rammekonventionen om beskyttelse af nationale mindretal.
France is the only EU Member State not to have signed the Framework convention on the protection of national minorities.
De franske myndigheder har den 'klassiske' opfattelse, at alle statsborgeres lighed for loven står i vejen for undertegnelse.
The traditional view of the French authorities is that it is prohibited from doing so because all citizens are equal before the law.
FN's Komité for Økonomiske, Sociale og Kulturelle Rettigheder (CESCR) har påpeget, at lige behandling for loven ikke altid er nok til at sikre et mindretals lige krav på navnlig dets social-kulturelle rettigheder.
The UN monitoring committee for the UN Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) has pointed out that equal treatment before the law is not always sufficient to ensure that minority groups may assert their social and cultural rights.
Frankrig bør derfor også ifølge CESCR undertegne og ratificere Europarådets konventioner om beskyttelse af nationale mindretal og mindretalssprog.
The CESCR believes that France should ratify the CoE conventions to protect national minorities and minority languages.
I Nederlandene kørte proceduren for ratifikation af rammekonventionen fast i 2001, da det viste sig, at Førstekammeret og Andetkammeret havde divergerende opfattelser af spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt konventionen – som det var regeringens hensigt – ud over at finde anvendelse på friserne også skulle gælde for de etniske mindretal, der tilhører målgrupperne for den nederlandske integrationspolitik.
In the Netherlands, the procedure to ratify the Framework convention came to a standstill when it emerged that the First and Second Chambers had different views as to whether, as the Government believed, the Convention applied to ethnic minorities belonging to target groups of Netherlands integration policy as well as to the Frisians.
Også i andre lande giver anvendelsesområdet for denne konvention anledning til diskussion.
The scope of the Convention is also under discussion in other Member States.
Europarådets Ministerkomité offentliggjorde i 2001 for første gang i henhold til de relevante bestemmelser de resolutioner, der var vedtaget om Danmarks og Finlands gennemførelse af rammekonventionen.
In 2001, the CoE Committee of Ministers published for the first time resolutions on compliance with the Framework convention in Denmark and Finland, as provided for in the relevant monitoring arrangements.
Se http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/Monitoring%20by%20the%20CM/Decisions/771st_meeting.htm .
See http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/Monitoring%20by%20the%20CM/Decisions/771st_meeting.htm .
Danmark havde i forbindelse med ratifikationen erklæret, at rammekonventionen finder anvendelse på det tyske mindretal i Sønderjylland, og udelukkede dermed a priori grønlænderne, færingerne og romaerne fra krav på rettighederne ifølge rammekonventionen.
When the Framework convention was ratified, Denmark stated that it would apply to the German minority in South Jutland, thereby precluding Greenlanders, natives of the Faroe Islands and the Roma from claiming the rights provided by the Framework convention.
Europarådets Advisory Committee havde allerede tidligere kritiseret dette dok.
The Advisory Committee had already strongly criticised this approach doc.
ACFC/INF/OP/1(2001)5 af 22. september 2000, se også:
ACFC/INF/OP/1(2001)5 of 22 September 2000, see also:
http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/AdvisoryCommittee/Opinions/Denmark.htm . , og denne kritik blev nu overtaget af Ministerkomiteen, idet det henstilledes til Danmark, at landet i samråd med de berørte parter tager den personkreds op til overvejelse, som rammekonventionen finder anvendelse på.
http://www.humanrights.coe.int/Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/AdvisoryCommittee/Opinions/Denmark.htm . , and this criticism was echoed by the CoE Committee of Ministers who recommended that Denmark should look again, in consultation with those concerned, at the groups to which the Framework convention is applied.
Udtalelsen fra Europarådets Ministerkomité om den evangelisk-lutherske kirkes fortrinsstilling i DK har allerede været omtalt i kapitel 2 i denne betænkning.
Judgment of the CoE Commissioner on the privileged position of the Lutheran church in DK is discussed in Chapter 2 of this report.
Med hensyn til Finland konkluderer Europarådets Ministerkomité bl.a., at der er gjort meget til fordel for de svensktalende finner og samer – selv om der endnu ikke er fundet en tilfredsstillende løsning på spørgsmålet om jordrettigheder.
In the case of Finland, the CoE Committee of Ministers concluded that a great deal is being done for the Swedish-speaking Finns and Sami – although the question of land rights has still not been resolved satisfactorily.
Derimod er den finske politik over for romaerne og det russiske mindretal langt mindre succesfuld, og disse to mindretals sprog og kultur bør i højere grad støttes.
On the other hand, Finnish policy towards the Roma and Russian minority is much less successful, and more support should be given to the language and culture of these two minorities.
Rapport om hans besøg i Finland, juni 2001, CommDH(2001)7; se også: http://www.commissioner.coe.int/docs/CommDH(2001)7_E.pdf .
Report on his visit to Finland, June 2001, CommDH(2001)7; see also http://www.commissioner.coe.int/docs/CommDH(2001)7_E.pdf .
CERD henviser i konklusionerne om Finland og Sverige til, at konflikten mellem myndighederne og samebefolkningen om jordrettigheder udgør en trussel for den traditionelle samekultur.
In its conclusions on Finland and Sweden, the CERD says that the conflict between the authorities and the Sami population over land rights is a threat to traditional Sami culture.
CERD henstiller til Finland og Sverige at ratificere ILO-konvention nr. 169 om oprindelige folk og stammefolk. dok.
The CERD calls on Finland and Sweden to ratify ILO Convention 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples. docs.
103 og Add.107 af 1. maj 2001.
103 and Add.107, of 1 May 2001.
Se også http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf .
See also http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf .
Europarådets Menneskerettighedskommissær tilsluttede sig også denne henstilling efter sit besøg i Finland. http://www.commissioner.coe.int/docs/CommDH(2001)7_E.pdf.
The CoE Commissioner for Human Rights reiterated this call following his visit to Finland. http://www.commissioner.coe.int/docs/CommDH(2001)7_E.pdf.
Artikel 23: Ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder
Article 23: Equality of men and women
FN - den valgfri protokol til konventionen om afskaffelse af alle former for diskrimination imod kvinder
UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women
Denne valgfri protokol åbnedes for undertegnelse den 6. oktober 1999.
This Optional Protocol was signed on 6 October 1999.
Alle medlemsstater har undertegnet den.
All the Member States have signed the Protocol, and Spain ratified it in 2001.
Spanien ratificerede den i 2001, medens B, D, GR, L, NL, P, S og UK endnu ikke har ratificeret.
B, D, GR, L, NL, P, SV and UK still have to do so.
I 2002 (skæringsdato 30 juni) er protokollen ratificeret af D, GR, NL og P.
In 2002 (reference date 30 June) the Protocol was ratified by D, GR, NL and P.
Der findes ikke nogen altomfattende og generel oversigt, som let viser den øjeblikkelige situation med hensyn til sikring af ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder i EU-medlemsstaterne.
No comprehensive and generally recognised review is available that provides a clear picture of the situation regarding equal treatment of men and women in the Member States of the EU.
De disponible, kønsopdelte tal for (midlertidig) erhvervsfrekvens, indkomstfordeling, selvstændig virksomhed, deltagelse i det politiske liv o.l. Som f.eks. sammenstillet af Kommissionen.
The available figures, broken down by gender, on part-time work, distribution of income, independent entrepreneurship, political participation and so on For example, compiled by the European Commission.
Se: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/equ_opp/statistics_en.html . kan fungere som indikatorer for graden af ulighed.
See: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/equ_opp/statistics_en.html . may be taken as indicators of the degree of equality.
Men ikke alle former for ulighed udgør pr. definition en konkret overtrædelse af menneskerettighederne.
However, not every inequality is, by definition, an actual human rights violation.
Tallene afspejler snarere situationen med hensyn til emancipationsprocessen i samfundet, der danner den egentlig baggrund for behandlingen af menneskerettighedsspørgsmålene.
These figures are more a reflection of progress in social emancipation which, as it were, forms the background to human rights issues.
Kommissionen overvåger håndhævelsen af ligestillingen i henhold til de forskellige EU-direktiver.
The European Commission is responsible for the enforcement of the rules on equal treatment laid down in various European directives.
The legal experts group on the application of European law on equal treatment between men and women arbejder under Kommissionens auspicier, men denne ekspertgruppes rapporter om situationen i medlemsstaterne Se gruppens bulletin: http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/equ_opp/rights_en.html . er usædvanligt detaljerede, forskelligartede og omfattende.
The Legal experts group on the application of European law on equal treatment between men and women which works under the auspices of the Commission, reports on the situation in the Member States See Bulletin of the group : http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/equ_opp/rights_en.html . and provides extremely detailed, disparate and wide-ranging information.
Ordføreren mener derfor, at det falder uden for denne betænknings rammer at komme ind på alle disse fakta.
In your rapporteur's view, it is beyond the scope of this report on 2001 to analyse all these facts.
EP har allerede tidligere henvist til det store antal overtrædelser af regelværket på ligestillingsområdet Beslutning A5-0250/2001 om Kommissionens syttende beretning om kontrollen med gennemførelse af Fællesskabsretten (1999), punkt 15. , og der er således helt klart et problem i medlemsstaterne.
In the past, Parliament has drawn attention to the large number of violations of Community rules on equal treatment Resolution A5-0250/2001 on the Commission’s seventeenth annual report on monitoring the application of Community law (1999), §15. ; in other words, it is obvious that there is a problem in the Member States.
Hvad der er absolut nødvendigt, er en up-to-date og omfattende oversigt over situationen med hensyn til ligestillingen mellem mænd og kvinder i medlemsstaterne, som EP allerede flere gange har anmodet om.
What is absolutely essential is an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the situation as regards equal treatment of men and women in the Member States, as called for by Parliament on numerous occasions.
Den seneste anmodning fra EP kan findes i beslutning A5-0197/2002 om EF-rammestrategien for ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder - arbejdsprogram for 2002, af 4. juli 2002, punkt 5.
Most recently in Resolution A5-0197/2002 , §5, on implementation of the programme on equal opportunities for men and women adopted on 4 July 2002.
Det tyder således på, at der mangler fuldstændige og klare oplysninger om overtrædelserne af princippet om ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder.
It is clear from the above that there is a lack of adequate and clear information on violations of the principle of equal treatment of men and women.
Ikke desto mindre har ordføreren gjort sit bedste for at indsamle forskellige konkrete oplysninger, bl.a. også i forventning om, at Udvalget om Kvinders Rettigheder og Lige Muligheder yder et bidrag gennem sin udtalelse!
Nonetheless, your rapporteur has done her best to compile some specific data, in the expectation that the Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities will supplement this when drawing up its opinion.
Domstolen afsagde i 2001 forskellige domme vedrørende fortolkningen af princippet om ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder.
In 2001, the European Court of Justice handed down a number of judgments on the interpretation of the principle of equal treatment of men and women.
Nogle af de problemer, den gjorde opmærksom på, vedrørte indikatorer for vurderingen af, om der var tale om lige løn for lige arbejde (Østrig), afskedigelse i forbindelse med svangerskab (Danmark, Spanien) og pensionsordninger (Tyskland, Frankrig).
The difficulties highlighted related to indicators for assessing whether there is equal pay for equal work (Austria), dismissal in the event of pregnancy (Denmark, Spain) and pension rules (Germany, France).
I en dom af 26. juni 2001 C-381/99, Susanna Brunnhofer vs.
In a judgment of 26 June 2001 C-381/99, Susanna Brunnhofer v. Bank der österreichischen Postsparkasse AG. the Court concluded that the fact that two workers of different sexes are classified in the same job category under the collective agreement governing their employment is not in itself sufficient for concluding that the two employees concerned are performing the same work or work of equal value, since this fact is only one indication amongst others that this criterion is met.