natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
"Centraliserede" aktioner (dvs. forvaltet af Kommissionen med bistand fra Kontoret for Teknisk Bistand) og "decentraliserede" aktioner (dvs. forvaltet af de nationale kontorer) havde forskellige procedurer for indsendelse og udvælgelse af ansøgninger.
'Centralised' actions (i.e. managed by the Commission with the aid of a Technical Assistance Office) and 'decentralised' actions (i.e. managed by NAs) had different application and selection procedures.
Det oprindelige flerårige budget på 850 mio. € blev omsider forhøjet til 933 mio. €.
The original multiannual budget of €850 million was eventually increased to €933 million.
Kommissionens samlede bedømmelse af programmet var positiv: "Socrates er meget vellykket".
The Commission's overall verdict on the programme was positive: 'SOCRATES is very successful'.
Nogle af de fremskridt, den noterede sig, var:
Among the achievements it noted were:
● under Erasmus blev 2.000 universiteter forbundet med hinanden med institutionelle kontrakter, 460.000 studerende modtog støtte (fra 100 € til 800 € om måneden) til at læse i udlandet (gennemsnitligt i syv måneder) og 40.000 universitetslærere deltog i udvekslinger; ● under Comenius samarbejdede 15.000 skoler (dvs. næsten 4% af skolerne i de femten medlemsstater) med ca. 2 millioner elever om 3.700 europæiske uddannelsesprojekter; ● under Lingua fik 45.600 sproglærere og 2.800 sprogassistenter mulighed for at tilbringe en tid i udlandet, og 40.000 elever deltog i udvekslinger i forbindelse med sprogundervisningsprojekter; ● det europæiske meritoverførselssystem (ECTS) og Det Europæiske Fællesskabs net af nationale informationscentre vedrørende akademisk anerkendelse (NARIC) blev fremmet; ● 166 pilotprojekter vedrørende åben undervisning og fjernundervisning fik støtte samt 14 uddannelsesprojekter på multimedieområdet (i samarbejde med Leonardo);
∙ under ERASMUS, 2 000 universities were linked by institutional contracts, 460 000 students received grants (ranging from €100 to €800 per month) to study abroad (on average, for seven months) and 40 000 university teachers took part in exchanges; ∙ under COMENIUS, 15 000 schools (i.e. almost 4% of the schools in the 15 Member States) with some 2 million pupils cooperated in 3 700 European education projects; ∙ under LINGUA, 45 600 language teachers and 2 800 language assistants were helped to spend time abroad, and 40 000 pupils took part in exchanges under language teaching projects; ∙ the European Credit Transfer Scheme (ECTS) and the Network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARIC) were promoted; ∙ 166 open and distance learning pilot projects were supported as were 14 educational multimedia projects (in cooperation with LEONARDO);
● var der spændinger mellem forskellige programmål (mellem f.eks. massemobilitet og målrettede innovative aktioner) og utilstrækkelig samordning med andre EU-programmer. ● var procedurerne besværlige og indviklede, og udbetaling af støtte tog for lang tid (navnlig i betragtning af, at de involverede beløb ofte var små). ● var programinformationen vanskelig at forstå, og spredning af programresultater var dårlig. ● var overvågning og evaluering utilstrækkelig, og derfor var det vanskeligt at vurdere den reelle virkning af programmet på nationalt plan (Kommissionens egen endelige beretning, som omtaler dette punkt, var fire måneder forsinket).
∙ There were tensions between different programme objectives (between, for example, mass mobility and targeted innovative actions) and inadequate coordination with other EU programmes. ∙ Procedures were cumbersome and complex and payment of grants took too long (especially given that the sums involved were often small). ∙ Programme information was difficult to understand and dissemination of programme results was poor. ∙ Monitoring and evaluation were inadequate and so it was difficult to estimate the real impact of the programme at national level (the Commission's own final report, which notes this point, was four months late).
Socrates II
SOCRATES II
Parlamentets og Rådets afgørelse nr. 253/2000/EF af 24. januar 2000 forlængede programmet med yderligere syv år (2000-2006) med et flerårigt budget på 1.850 €.
Decision 253/2000/EC of the Parliament and Council (24 January 2000) renewed the programme for a further seven years (2000-2006) with a multi-annual budget of €1 850 million.
Malta og Tyrkiet har nu tilsluttet sig de 29 stater, som deltog i Socrates I. Socrates II tilsigter at skabe et europæisk uddannelsesområde, som underbygges af fortsat samarbejde på fællesskabsplan blandt de involverede i uddannelse på tværs af grænserne.
Malta and Turkey have now joined the 29 states which participated in SOCRATES I. SOCRATES II aims to bring about a European education area underpinned by ongoing cooperation at Community level among those involved in education across the board.
Dets vigtigste mål er:
Its main objectives are:
● at udvikle den europæiske dimension i uddannelsen på alle niveauer og fremme udbredt transnational adgang til uddannelsesmuligheder i Europa, idet lige muligheder inden for alle uddannelsessektorer fremmes; ● at fremme større kendskab til EU-sprog, navnlig de mindre udbredte sprog og sprog, som der ikke undervises ret meget i samt at fremme undervisningens tværkulturelle dimension; ● at fremme samarbejde og mobilitet på uddannelsesområdet og at bidrage til at fjerne hindringer herfor gennem: - flere udvekslinger - tilskyndelse til fjernundervisning - skabelse af større gensidig anerkendelse af kvalifikationer og studietider i udlandet - fremme udveksling af information og bedste praksis ● at tilskynde til nyskabelser i undervisningsmetoder og materialer, navnlig gennem anvendelsen af nye teknologier.
∙ to strengthen the European dimension of education at all levels and to facilitate wide transnational access to educational resources in Europe, while promoting equal opportunities in all sectors of education; ∙ to promote greater knowledge of the EU languages, especially the less common and less widely-taught languages, and to foster the intercultural dimension of education; ∙ to promote cooperation and mobility in the field of education and to help eliminate obstacles to this by: - stimulating exchanges - encouragement of distance learning - fostering greater mutual recognition of qualifications and period of study abroad - promoting exchanges of information and best practice ∙ to encourage innovation in teaching methods and materials, particularly through the use of new technologies.
Det er hensigten at opnå disse mål med otte aktioner:
Eight Actions are intended to reach these objectives:
● Comenius: skoleundervisning ● Erasmus: højere undervisning ● Grundtvig: voksenundervisning ● Lingua: undervisning i og indlæring af europæiske sprog ● Minerva: informations- og kommunikationsteknologier i uddannelsen ● Tilsyn med og innovation af uddannelsesystemer og -politikker ● Fælles aktioner med andre europæiske programmer ● Ledsageforanstaltninger.
∙ COMENIUS: school education ∙ ERASMUS: higher education ∙ GRUNDTVIG: adult education ∙ LINGUA: learning and teaching European languages ∙ MINERVA: information and communication technologies in education ∙ Observation and innovation of education systems and policies ∙ Joint actions with other European programmes ∙ Accompanying measures
Kommissionen har sagt, at den under anden fase af programmet ønsker at styrke forbindelserne mellem programmets forskellige dele (navnlig mellem Erasmus og Comenius) og mellem Socrates og andre fællesskabsprogrammer (navnlig programmerne Ungdom og Leonardo).
The Commission has said that, in the second stage of the programme, it wants to strengthen links between the different parts of the programme (especially between ERASMUS and COMENIUS) and between SOCRATES and other Community programmes (in particular, YOUTH and LEONARDO).
Den ønsker at koncentrere ressourcerne med henblik på at opnå en "kritisk masse" og ønsker at forenkle administrative og finansielle forvaltningsprocedurer og at forbedre overvågning og evaluering.
It wishes to concentrate resources to achieve a 'critical mass'; and will simplify administrative and financial management procedures and improve monitoring and evaluation.
GENNEMFØRELSE I 2000 OG 2001
IMPLEMENTATION IN 2000 AND 2001
Bedre evaluering : Socrates II har kun kørt i et fuldt akademisk år (2000-2001), og alle data for 2000-2001 er endnu ikke til rådighed.
Better evaluation : SOCRATES II has run for only one full academic year (2000-2001) and full data for 2000-2001 is still not available.
Socrates-udvalget har nu godkendt en plan over 15 evalueringer for tidsrummet 2001-2004: 3 er ved at blive indledt.
The SOCRATES Committee has now approved a plan for fifteen evaluations over the period 2001-2004: three are about to start.
Det arbejder også med standardrapportering fra de nationale kontorer.
It is also working on standard reporting from NAs.
Kommissionen bør udarbejde en årlig aktivitetsberetning over Socrates i lighed med den, der er udarbejdet for programmet Ungdom, da det uden en sådan oversigt er vanskeligt at vurdere, hvor godt programmet er blevet forvaltet, og hvad det har opnået.
The Commission should draw up an annual activity report for SOCRATES, similar to that drawn up for the YOUTH programme, since without such an overview it is difficult to assess how well the programme has been managed and what it has achieved.
Forbindelse mellem Kommissionen og de nationale kontorer : Arbejdsforholdet mellem Kommissionen og de nationale kontorer er tilsyneladende forbedret betydeligt siden 2000.
Relationship between the Commission and NAs : The working relationship between the Commission and the NAs seems to have improved markedly since 2000.
Et nationalt kontor anførte, at der generelt havde været en betydelig forbedring i kommunikationen med Kommissionen i løbet af 2001.
One NA commented as follows: 'Generally, there has been a significant improvement in communications with the Commission during the course of this year [2001].
Manglende personale i Comenius-enheden og en fuldstændig udveksling af personale havde bevirket vanskeligheder.
Staffing shortages in the Comenius Unit and a complete change of personnel had caused difficulties.
Det nye team syntes at være mere fleksibel, svarede hurtigt på e-mails og lod til at have bedre forståelse for de problemer, de nationale kontorer konfronteres med.
The new team seems to be more flexible, responds swiftly to emails and seems to have a better understanding of the issues facing national agencies.
Der var et gennemgående ønske om at strømlinje og forenkle procedurer og forbedre kommunikationen med de nationale kontorer.
There is a genuine commitment to streamlining and simplifying procedures and improving communications with national agencies.
Indførelsen af uformelle møder med nationale kontorer havde været en meget positiv udvikling.
The introduction of informal national agency meetings has been a very welcome development.'
Et andet kontor anførte, at der generelt var en god dialog mellem de nationale kontorer og Kommissionens embedsmænd på de nationale kontorers møder og i den daglige forvaltning.
Another stated that 'generally speaking, there is a good dialogue between NA and Commission officers at the NA meetings and in day-to-day administration.
Det lod til, at enhver forsøgte at hjælpe.
It is obvious that everybody is trying to be helpful ...'
Mens et tredje kontor skrev, at der både under de formelle og uformelle møder var tendens til, at de ansvarlige for Comenius ønskede et nærmere samarbejde og større forenkling.
While a third wrote that 'From both the formal and the informal meetings there is a sense that those responsible for Comenius are committed to closer collaboration and simplification.'
Der var imidlertid fortsat problemer.
But problems remain.
Forsinket udfærdigelse af aftaler og betalinger : Den forsinkede udfærdigelse af aftaler mellem Kommissionen og de nationale kontorer synes at være et kronisk problem.
Late issue of contracts and payments : The late issue of contracts between the Commission and the NAs appears to be a chronic problem.
I 2000 var situationen nærmest katastrofal.
In 2000, the situation was little short of disastrous.
Et nationalt kontor erklærede, at Comenius-aftalen havde højeste prioritet af alle de Socrates-aktioner, det forvaltede.
One NA stated that: 'The Comenius contract has the highest value of all the Socrates Actions which we manage.
Aktiviteten under 2000-aftalen var berettiget til tilskud fra 1. januar 2000.
Activity under the 2000 contract was eligible for funding from 1 January 2000.
En underskrevet kopi af aftalen blev imidlertid ikke modtaget fra Kommissionen før den 27. oktober .
However, a signed copy of the contract was not received from the Commission until 27 October. ...
Tilskud blev omsider modtaget den 21. februar 2001.
Funding was finally received on 21 February 2001.
Undtagelsesvis forhandlede kontoret om midlertidig finansiering via de [nationale] uddannelsessektioner, som satte det i stand til at opretholde programmets mobilitetsaspekter på trods af manglende EU-støtte.
Exceptionally, we negotiated interim funding from the [national] education departments which enabled us to sustain the mobility aspects of the programme in the absence of an EU subsidy.
Uden denne finansiering ville kontoret have været nødt til at sløjfe en stor del af projektet og af mobilitetsaktiviteter, som i væsentlig grad ville have undergravet EU's troværdighed og ville have haft katastrofale virkninger for programmet.
Without this support, mass cancellations would have occurred in projects and mobility activities which would have significantly undermined the credibility of the EU ... and had disastrous consequences for the programme.
Problemet gentog sig i hele Europa og var navnlig problematisk i medlemsstater, som ikke kunne ty til støtte fra nationale fonde.
The problem was replicated across Europe and particularly problematic in Member States which did not have recourse to a subsidy from national funds.'
Situationen forbedredes i 2001, men det samme nationale kontor berettede, at lønnen og rejseudgifterne til Comenius' sprogassistenter, som ikke havde anden form for indkomst, i to måneder måtte dækkes af medlemsstaten.
The situation improved in 2001, but the same NA reported that the salary and travel expenses of Comenius language assistants, who have no other source of income, had to be covered by the Member State for two months.
Et andet nationalt kontor berettede, at [nationale] universiteter stadig ventede på endnu ikke ydede betalinger for 1998/1999 og 1999/2000.
Another NA reported that '[national] universities are still waiting for outstanding payments from 1998/99 and 1999/2000'.
Decentralisering : Et vigtigt aspekt ved programmet er decentraliseringen: ca. 75% af midlerne forvaltes direkte af de nationale kontorer, mens 25% af midlerne anvendes til "centraliserede" projekter.
Decentralisation : An important aspect of the programme is its decentralised character: about 75% of funding is administered directly by the NAs, while 25% of funding is devoted to 'centralised' projects.
Dette betyder, at foranstaltningerne på dette område i et vist omfang er decentraliseret.
This means that policy-making is to some extent decentralised.
De enkelte medlemsstater kan f.eks. frit afgøre, om de ønsker at støtte et stort antal studerende med et lille Erasmus-tilskud eller et mindre antal med et større beløb.
Individual Member States are free to decide, for example, whether they wish to support a large number of students with a small ERASMUS grant or a smaller number with a larger grant.
Der er imidlertid begrænsninger for decentraliseringen.
There are, however, limits to decentralisation.
Et nationalt kontor i en lille medlemsstat bemærkede, at decentralisering på en eller anden måde var belagt med hindringer.
One NA in a small Member State commented that: 'decentralisation seems somehow manacled.
Decentralisering i sin nuværende form gav ikke mulighed for enkle og effektive ansøgnings- og forvaltningsprocedurer ...
Decentralisation in its present form does not allow for simple and efficient application and administration procedures ...
Procedurerne, håndbøgerne og IT-systemerne syntes på mange områder at være unødvendigt bureaukratiske, for besværlige og baseret på en ringe tillid til nationale ordninger.
The procedures, handbooks and IT-systems in many respects seem unnecessarily bureaucratic, too cumbersome and based on a low level of trust in the national systems.'
Symmetry : Decentraliseringen har øget betydningen af informationsforvaltningssystemer.
SYMMETRY : Decentralisation has increased the importance of information management systems.
I sit arbejdsprogram for 2000 meddelte Kommissionen, at et nyt informationsforvaltningssystem skulle udvikles til Socrates II og anvendes af Kommissionen og de nationale kontorer til en samordnet og integreret forvaltning af de decentraliserede aktioner (benævnt Symmetry).
In its work programme for 2000, the Commission announced that 'a new information management system [is] to be developed for SOCRATES II and to be used by the Commission and the National Agencies for the coordination and integrated management of the decentralised actions (called SYMMETRY).
Der ville blive gjort alt for at sikre en integreret fremgangsmåde i forvaltningen ikke kun af Socrates II, men også af de beslægtede programmer Leonardo da Vinci og Ungdom.
Every effort will be made to ensure an integrated approach across the management not only of SOCRATES II but also of the related Leonardo da Vinci and Youth programmes.'
Men uventede vanskeligheder havde forsinket udviklingen af Symmetry.
But unanticipated difficulties have delayed the development of SYMMETRY.
Kommissionen forventer nu at undertegne en kontrakt med de heldige entreprenører i december 2001.
The Commission now expects to sign a contract with the successful contractors in December 2001.
De nationale kontorer erklærer, at de forventer, at det bliver indført i 2003.
The NAs state that they anticipate its introduction in 2003.
I mellemtiden har Kommissionen ajourført det ældre Soclink-system: Men dette kan ikke behandle centraliserede aktioner (inklusive fællesaktionerne).
Meanwhile, the Commission has updated the older SOCLINK system: but this cannot deal with centralised actions (including the joint actions).
De nationale kontorer er uenige om, hvorvidt systemet er tilstrækkeligt.
The NAs are divided over its adequacy.
Et kontor bemærker, at den ajourførte version af Soclink syntes at arbejde rimeligt godt, og de nationale kontorer var nu fortrolige med dets anvendelse, skønt manglende online-anvendelse var et væsentligt punkt i forbindelse med forvaltningen af alle de decentraliserede aktioner.
One comments that 'The upgraded version of SOCLINK seems to work reasonably well and NAs are now experienced in its use, although the absence of on-line application forms is a major issue in relation to the administration of all the decentralised actions.'
Men et andet kontor erklærede, at Soclink havde vist sig ikke at være et effektivt instrument til forvaltning af programdata .
But another stated that: 'SOCLINK has not proved to be an efficient tool for the management of programme data. ...
Indførelsen af periodiske ajourføringer var ikke sket gnidningsfrit og havde gang på gang forhindret programmets aflevering .
The introduction of periodic upgrades has not run smoothly and on occasion has obstructed programme delivery. ...
Kommissionen havde ikke leveret den undervisning, der var påkrævet med henblik på dokumentation til en tilstrækkelig støtte af Soclink.
The training and documentation required to adequately support SOCLINK has not been supplied by the Commission.'
Et tredje kontor kommenterede, at den nødvendige systemudvikling, f.eks. at finde frem til og korrigere funktionsfejl, hindringer osv. ofte ikke fandt sted eller simpelthen varede for længe.
A third commented 'the necessary systems development e.g. finding and correcting known malfunctions, stumbling blocks, etc often either doesn't take place or simply takes too long'.
Når først kontrakten for Symmetry var undertegnet, skulle de nationale kontorer aktivt involveres i dets udvikling, således at de kunne have et virkeligt input i det det kontor kalder "det instrument, der i afgørende grad vil forme deres arbejdsliv".
Once the contract for SYMMETRY is signed, NAs must be actively involved in its development so that they can have a real imput into what one calls 'the tool that will essentially shape their working life.'
Fælles aktioner : Fællesskabsprogrammerne er nødt til at operere mere integreret, således at de får størst muligt udbytte af deres kumulative virkning og reflekterer et klart strategisk syn: Der er ingen undskyldning for manglen på et sådant syn, hvor en række programmer forvaltes af et enkelt generaldirektorat.
Joint actions : Community programmes must operate in a more integrated fashion, maximising their cumultative effect and reflecting a clear strategic vision: there is no excuse for the absence of such vision where a number of programmes are managed by a single Directorate-General.
Socrates I blev kritiseret for dets manglende forbindelse til andre kommissionsprogrammer.
SOCRATES I was criticised for poor links with other Commission programmes.
Under Socrates II tilsigter fælles aktioner at afhjælpe dette.
Under SOCRATES II, joint actions are intended to remedy this.
Det er derfor særdeles uheldigt, at de blev fremsat med forsinkelse og kun som en pilotfase.
It is, therefore, particularly unfortunate that they were launched late and only as a pilot phase.
Et nationalt kontor bemærkede, at fremsættelsen af opfordringen var betydeligt forsinket, hvilket resulterede i, at fristen blev tilbagedateret til udgangen af juli.
One NA commented: 'There were considerable delays in launching the call which resulted in the deadline being put back to the end of July.
Dette var yderst utilfredsstillende, da mange institutioner var blevet udelukket fra at ansøge på grund af tidsfristen.
This was most unsatisfactory as many institutions may have been precluded from applying due to the timing of the deadline.'
Kommissionen indrømmer, at den har været udsat for nogle praktiske vanskeligheder med hensyn til at informere offentligheden og organisere udvælgelsen samt med hensyn til nedsættelsen af de tværfaglige arbejdsgrupper og formidling af dette til forvaltningsudvalgene for de pågældende programmer.
The Commission concedes that it 'has encountered some practical difficulties in informing the public and in organising the selection, as well as in setting up the inter-committee working group and relating that to the management committees of the programmes concerned.'
Besværlige administrative procedurer : Det er lykkedes Kommissionen at gøre ansøgningsprocedurerne mere brugervenlige.
Cumbersome administrative procedures : The Commission has made progress in making application procedures more user-friendly.
1. november er blevet indført som eneste frist for ansøgninger under alle "centraliserede" aktioner, og ansøgningsprocessen har nu færre faser: For decentraliserede aktioner er fristen 1. april.
A single deadline of 1 November has been established for applications under all 'centralised' actions and there are now fewer steps in the application process: for 'decentralised' actions the deadline is 1 April.
I begge tilfælde vil aftaler blive undertegnet inden 1. september.
In both cases, contracts will be signed by 1 September.
Da et stort antal små tilskud er kendetegnende for programmet, vil den administrative byrde for ansøgere fortsat være stor.
Nevertheless, given that a large number of small grants is a feature of the programme, the administrative burden on applicants remains heavy.
Et nationalt kontor i en stor medlemsstat meddeler, at administrative procedurer og kontrolbestemmelser er blevet øget i en sådan grad, at mange højere uddannelsesinstitutioner i lyset af forholdsvis begrænsede tilskud berettiget protesterer mod et "administrativt kvælertag".
One NA in a large Member State reports that 'administrative and control rules have increased to such an extent that - in the light of relatively limited grants - many higher education institutions justly protest about an "administrative stranglehold"'.