natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det er dog bemærkelsesværdigt, at Udvalget for samfundsvidenskabelig og humanistisk forskning har behandlet tre sager, mens Udvalget for naturvidenskabelig, jordbrugs- og veterinærvidenskabelig og teknisk-videnskabelig forskning har behandlet to sager.
However, it is noteworthy that the Committee for Social Science and the Humanities has considered three cases, while the Committee for Natural Science, Agricultural & Veterinary Science and Technical Science has dealt with two cases.
Der blev i beretningsperioden nedsat seks ad hoc-udvalg, et af udvalgene med deltagelse af et udenlandsk medlem.
During the period under review six ad hoc committees were formed, one of the committees with the participation of a foreign member.
Ad hoc-udvalgenes medlemmer har udført et stort og meget grundigt forarbejde ved udarbejdelse af de redegørelser, der har ligget til grund for UVVU's behandling af sagerne.
The members of the ad hoc committees have carried out a great deal of very thorough preliminary work in compiling the reports that formed the basis for DCSD's treatment of cases.
Der er grund til at takke medlemmerne af ad hoc-udvalgene for deres store indsats.
There is reason to thank the members of the ad hoc committees for their great contribution.
Medlemmerne af UVVU's udvalg bidrager gennem undervisnings- og oplysningsaktiviteter til at udbrede kendskabet til UVVU's arbejdsområde.
Through teaching and information activities, the members of DCSD's Committees contribute to disseminating knowledge of DCSD's sphere of activity.
Jeg vil afslutningsvis takke medlemmer og suppleanter for deres arbejdsindsats og samtidig takke for den velvilje, udvalgene har mødt i årets løb.
By way of conclusion, I should like to thank members and alternates for their efforts and at the same time extend thanks for the kindness and good will with which the Committees have met during the year.
Landsdommer Hans Henrik Brydensholt, formand for Udvalgene vedrørende Videnskabelig Uredelighed
Hans Henrik Brydensholt, High Court Judge Chairman of the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty
FORORD 2 Af Hans Henrik Brydensholt
PREFACE 2 By Hans Henrik Brydensholt
SAMARBEJDSAFTALER MELLEM OFFENTLIGE FORSKNINGSINSTITUTIONER OG PRIVATE ERHVERVSVIRKSOMHEDER 14
COOPERATION AGREEMENTS BETWEEN PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND PRIVATE BUSINESSES 14
2. Forretningsorden for Udvalgene vedrørende Videnskabelig Uredelighed 3.
2. Rules of procedure for the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty 3.
4. Medlemmer af ad hoc-udvalg i 2001
4. Members of ad hoc committees in 2001
Videnskabelig uredelighed og fænomenets håndtering er fortsat højt på dagsordenen i den videnskabelige verden.
Scientific dishonesty, and the way the phenomenon is handled, remain high on the agenda in the scientific world.
I sundhedssektoren er der en tydelig tendens til at betragte fænomenet som et af mange problemer, der bør løses i en større sammenhæng gennem undervisning under overskriften "Responsible Conduct of Research" (RCR) (1).
In the health sector there is a distinct tendency to regard the phenomenon as one of many problems that should be solved within a greater context by means of teaching under the rubric of "Responsible Conduct of Research" (RCR) (1).
Det føderale Office of Research Integrity, der tager sig af sundhedsforskningen, afsluttede i 2001 25 sager.
In 2001 the Federal Office of Research Integrity (ORI), which deals with health research, completed 25 cases.
I 14 af disse fandt man, at der var tale om videnskabelig uredelighed.
14 of these were found to involve scientific dishonesty.
behandling af 35 nye sager, og ved kalenderårets slutning var der 41 uafsluttede sager.
eration of 35 new cases, and by the end of the calendar year there were 41 uncompleted cases.
ORI registrerede i årene 1998-2001 henholdsvis 112, 129, 173 og 196 anmeldelser, kun overgået af 244 anmeldelser i 1995.
In 19982001 ORI recorded 112, 129, 173 and 196 reports, respectively, exceeded only by 244 reports in 1995.
ORI Newsletter (ori.hhs.gov) rummer et resumé af indholdet af de ofte spektakulære sager, der har ført til en konklusion om uredelighed.
The ORI Newsletter (ori.hhs.gov) contains a resumé of the contents of the often spectacular cases that have led to a conclusion of scientific misconduct, as ORI calls it.
Desuden kan man se, hvem de skyldige er, og hvori sanktionerne består.
It is also possible to see who the culprits are and what the sanctions against them consist of.
I 2001 har ORI fortsat sin store aktivitet på forebyggelsesområdet gennem konferencer og et stort undervisningsprogram vedrørende RCR (1).
2001 saw ORI continue its large-scale activity in the preventive field by way of conferences and an extensive teaching programme on RCR (1).
Som omtalt i årsberetningen for 2000 har ORI sat forskning i gang på RCR-området, og i efteråret 2002 afholdes en ny konference om forskning inden for RCR.
As mentioned in the Annual Report for 2000, ORI has set in motion research in the field of RCR, and in autumn 2002 a new conference on research in RCR will be held.
Videnskabelige artikler om lægemiddelafprøvninger spiller en stadigt større rolle i klinisk forskning, og området er kraftigt reguleret.
Scientific articles on drug trials are playing an increasing role in clinical research, and the field is subject to vigorous regulation.
Ofte er der mange forskere involveret, og store økonomiske interesser står på spil.
There are often many researchers involved and major economic interests at stake.
Medicinproducenternes forskere er altid dybt involveret i tilrettelæggelsen, gennemførelsen og vurderingen af sådanne studier og har ofte en meget høj grad af ekspertise, som er en helt nødvendig forudsætning for at gennemføre studierne på et højt kvalitetsniveau.
The pharmaceutical manufacturers' researchers are always intensely involved in the organization, implementation and evaluation of such studies and often have a very high degree of expertise, which is altogether essential for carrying out the studies to a high level of quality.
I USA er det ganske almindeligt, at læger og forskere i øvrigt anvendes som konsulenter af private virksomheder eller på anden måde kan have interessekonflikter i forbindelse med egen forskning.
In the USA it is otherwise perfectly normal for doctors and researchers to be generally used as consultants by private companies or in some other way to have conflicts of interests in connection with their own research.
Dette dilemma udgør et voksende problem, idet man politisk og institutionelt lægger større og større pres på universitets- og hospitalsansatte forskere for at få dem til at kommercialisere deres forskningsresultater til fordel for institutionerne, erhvervslivet og samfundet.
This dilemma poses a growing problem, since in political and institutional terms ever greater pressure is being applied to university and hospital employed researchers to induce them to commercialize their research results for the benefit of the institutions, the business community and society.
Dette kan give anledning til mange problemer, og bølgen har da også for længst bredt sig til Europa.
This can cause many problems, and indeed the wave has long since spread to Europe as well.
For tidsskrifternes redaktioner er det således langt fra at være et trivielt spørgsmål, hvem man f.eks. beder om at skrive en leder i forbindelse med offentliggørelsen af en lægemiddelafprøvning.
For the editorial boards of the journals, then, the question of who is asked to write a leader to mark the publication of a drug trial, for example, is far from being a trivial one.
Vancouver-reglerne kræver klare udmeldinger i publikationerne om mulige interessekonflikter.
The Vancouver rules require that any possible clash of interests be clearly flagged in these publications.
Alligevel er der næppe tvivl om, at interessekonflikter er et fænomen, der vil vokse inden for mange forskningsområder.
Nevertheless, there is scarcely any doubt that clashes of interest are a phenomenon that will grow in many areas of research.
Ligeledes må det antages, at de kræfter, der slippes løs for at øge hastigheden af kommercialiseringen af offentligt finansieret forskning, vil give anledning til anklager om uredelighed som følge af den hårde konkurrence.
Similarly, it is only fair to assume that the forces unleashed to boost the commercialization rate for publicly financed research will give rise to accusations of dishonesty as a result of the tough competition.
At ORI's hovedopgave er blevet flyttet fra egentlig klagesagsbehandling til fremme og sikring af RCR, virker hensigtsmæssigt i dette perspektiv.
The fact that ORI's main remit has shifted from actually processing complaints to promoting and safeguarding RCR seems appropriate in this perspective.
Donald Kennedy, redaktøren af Science, har gjort opmærksom på, at tidsskriftet modtager en stigende mængde anmeldelser om mulige uredelighedsproblemer vedrørende de indsendte artikler (3).
Donald Kennedy, editor of Science, has drawn attention to the fact that the journal is receiving a mounting volume of reports of possible dishonesty problems relating to the articles submitted (3).
Han er af den opfattelse, at årsagen er stigende konkurrence om forskningsmidler, stillinger og prestige.
He is of the view that the cause is mounting competition for research funding, posts and prestige.
I nogle lande belønner regeringer forskere med priser og forfremmelser, hvis de publicerer i Science.
In some countries, governments reward researchers with prizes and promotions if they publish in Science.
I USA og Europa er belønningerne mere subtile, men ikke desto mindre reelle.
In the USA and Europe such rewards are more subtle, yet real nevertheless.
Hensigten er at opretholde en videnskabelig verden, hvor de gode nyheder langt overskygger de dårlige (3).
The intention is to maintain a scientific world in which the good news far overshadows the bad (3).
I Storbritannien fortsætter den indflydelsesrige Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) sin kampagne for at etablere et centralt organ, som kan vejlede eller direkte behandle anklager om uredelighed.
In Great Britain the influential Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) is pursuing its efforts to set up a central body that can guide or directly address allegations of dishonesty.
Organet skal desuden forestå arbejdet med at etablere ensartede definitioner samt et forebyggelsesprogram.
In addition, the body is to spearhead the work of establishing uniform definitions and a prevention programme.
COPE omfatter en betydelig del af de britiske biomedicinske tidsskrifter med The Lancet og British Medical Journal i spidsen, og COPE er ved at brede sig i Europa.
COPE subsumes a substantial proportion of the British biomedical journals, headed by The Lancet and the British Medical Journal (BMJ); and COPE is spreading in Europe.
Det af COPE stærkt ønskede nationale britiske organ er dog fortsat endnu ikke etableret.
The national British body strongly wished for by COPE has not yet been created, however.
Ved enhver lejlighed fremhæver COPE Skandinavien og USA som forbilleder på området (4).
On every occasion COPE highlights Scandinavia and the USA as models in the field (4).
Mange britiske forskningsinstitutioner, inklusive det britiske medicinske forskningsråd, Medical Research Council, har udarbejdet egne retningslinier for god videnskabelig praksis.
Many British research institutions, including the British Medical Research Council, have drawn up guidelines of their own for good scientific practice.
The Wellcome Trust, som finansierer en meget stor del af britisk medicinsk forskning, er ved at færdiggøre sine retningslinier på området.
The Wellcome Trust, which finances a very large part of British medical research, is in the process of finalizing its guidelines in the field.
Det forventes, at de, der modtager forskningsstøtte fra The Wellcome Trust, skal forpligte sig til at følge disse retningslinier med virkning fra efteråret 2002.
It is expected that those who receive research subsidies from The Wellcome Trust will have to undertake to adhere to these guidelines with effect from autumn 2002.
Lignende overvejelser gøres i de britiske forskningsråd (5).
Similar considerations are being made on the British research councils (5).
Udkastet til The Wellcome Trusts retningslinier kan læses på fondens hjemmeside.
The draft of The Wellcome Trust's guidelines can be read on the Trust's homepage.
I en tankevækkende artikel i Nature Medicine (6) beskæftiger George et al. sig med, at den offentlige tillid til britisk klinisk forskning er faldet i de seneste to år.
In a thought-provoking article in Nature Medicine (6) George et al. address the decline in public confidence in British clinical research over the past two years.
Derouten startede i 1999 med Alder Heyskandalen, hvor der post mortem blev fjernet organer fra børn uden forældrenes vidende.
The debacle started in 1999 with the Alder Hey scandal, in which organs were removed from children post mortem without the parents' knowledge.
Et amerikansk sidestykke hertil i henseende til offentlig forargelse og kritik var teenageren Jesse Gelsingers død under et genterapiforsøg.
An American parallel to this with regard to public indignation and censure was the death of the teenager Jesse Gelsinger during a gene therapy trial.
Såvel i USA som i Storbritannien synes årsagen til disse og mange andre episoder at være mangel på lokal "governance of research", dvs. overblik, kontrol og ledelse af den kliniske forskning på hospitaler, i praksis mv.
In the USA and Great Britain alike, the reason for this and many other incidents seems to be a lack of local "governance of research", i.e. overview, monitoring and management of clinical research at hospitals, in practice and so on.
George et al. gør opmærksom på, at der på detailområder reguleres mere og mere, uden at nogen har fuldt overblik over reguleringerne, endsige hele forskningsprocessen i Storbritanien.
George et al. point out that there is more and more regulation in detailed areas, without anyone having a full overview of the regulatory controls, let alone the entire research process in Great Britain.
I modsætning hertil har Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP) i USA overblik og tilsyn med al føderalt støttet forskning på mennesker.
By contrast, the Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP) in the USA oversees and supervises all federally supported research on human subjects.
I UK drøftes foreslåede retningslinier, der minder om akkreditering.
In the UK the proposed guidelines being discussed are reminiscent of accreditation.
George et al. gør dog opmærksom på, at man ved implementeringen af disse retningslinier bør undgå, at det resulterer i, at et utal af forskellige komitéer og institutioner skal regulere forskellige detaljer i dette system, uden at nogen har fuldt overblik.
George et al., however, point out that when implementing these guidelines one needs to avoid untold different committees and institutions having to regulate different details of this system, without anyone having the full overview.
Disse skal i et samarbejde og med et fælles ejerskab af forskningen løse problemer i stedet for at opstille forhindringer.
In partnership and joint ownership of the research, these will solve problems instead of setting up hurdles.
De enkelte forskningsinstitutioner skal opbygge ekspertise til at gennemføre klinisk forskning efter denne "cooperative model" i stedet for blot at udstede nye retningslinier, som gør klinisk forskning til et maratonforhindringsløb for forskerne.
The individual research institutions are to build expertise with which to implement clinical research in accordance with this "cooperative model" instead of merely issuing new guidelines which turn clinical research into a marathon hurdle race for the researchers.
COPE's synspunkter på (manglende) god videnskabelig praksis er ikke nævnt i den refererede artikel, men det er oplagt, at god videnskabelig praksis er en vigtig brik i denne større sammenhæng.
COPE's views on (the lack of) good scientific practice were not mentioned in the article referred to, but good scientific practice is obviously an important element in this broader setting.
National Audit Office fandt i 2000 484 tilfælde af økonomisk svindel til £18 mio. på sundhedsområdet i Storbritannien (7).
In 2000 the National Audit Office detected 484 cases of financial fraud to a value of £18m in the British health field (7).
Det var en fordobling af tallet for 1999, og årsagen var formentlig en øget efterforskning.
This represents a doubling of the 1999 figure, and the cause was presumably increased investigation.
Den endelige beslutning er dog endnu ikke taget.
The final decision has not yet been taken, however.
Det norske udvalg inden for sundhedsvidenskab forventes derfor nedlagt og har i konsekvens heraf ikke taget imod nye anmeldelser i 2001, men kun afsluttet de sager, man havde påbegyndt ved begyndelsen af 2001 (8).
The Norwegian health science committee is therefore expected to be decommissioned and as a result has taken on no new reports in 2001, but has just completed the cases taken on at the beginning of 2001 (8).
I Finland har National Advisory Board on Research Ethics udarbejdet nye retningslinier for god videnskabelig praksis.
In Finland the National Advisory Board on Research Ethics has drawn up new guidelines for good scientific practice.
Som nævnt i årsberetningen for 2000 foregår der både i Sverige og i Norge en større udredning om forskningens fremtidige vilkår.
As mentioned in the Annual Report for 2000, there is a major investigation in progress in both Sweden and Norway on future conditions for research.
Det er i skrivende stund uklart, hvordan organiseringen på uredelighedsområdet vil blive i Sverige.
At the time of writing it is unclear how organization in the field of dishonesty will turn out in Sweden.
EUROPA I ØVRIGT
THE REST OF EUROPE
European Science Foundation (ESF) har ultimo 2000 publiceret en "policy-briefing" med titlen Good scientific practice in research and scholarship.
At end-2000 the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a policy briefing with the title Good Scientific Practice in Research and Scholarship.
Publikationen kan læses på ESF's hjemmeside: www. esf.org.
The publication is available to read on ESF's homepage at www.esf.org.
Medlemsorganisationerne opfordres ligeledes til at medvirke til, at der etableres relevante procedurer for undersøgelse af beskyldninger for videnskabelig uredelighed.
By the same token, the member organizations are also being urged to help put in place relevant procedures to investigate accusations of scientific dishonesty.
ESF vil overveje, om der er behov for en eller anden pan-europæisk struktur, der kan styrke de nationale arrangementer, f.eks. ved at oprette et kollegium af fremtrædende forskere, som kan indtræde i lokale eller nationale udvalg, der skal undersøge anklager om videnskabelig uredelighed.
ESF will consider whether there is a need for some sort of pan-European structure to consolidate the national arrangements, e.g. by setting up a college of eminent researchers, who can join local or national committees with the remit of looking into allegations of scientific dishonesty.
Et andet forslag til overvejelse er oprettelse af et ombudsmandssystem, der kan vejlede anmeldere ("whistleblowers").
Another proposal for consideration is the creation of an ombudsman system that can offer guidance to "whistleblowers".
ESF opfordrer også fonde til at gøre bevillinger afhængige af, at modtagerne forpligter sig til at leve op til retningslinierne for god videnskabelig praksis.
ESF is also encouraging trusts and foundations to make grants conditional on recipients pledging to comply with the guidelines for good scientific practice.
Det fremgår af dette policy-dokument, at ESF tager sagen alvorligt og føler sig forpligtet til at udvise lederskab, måske især inspireret af den meget omfattende Hermann Brachsag i Tyskland, som er beskrevet i UVVU's tidligere årsberetninger.
From this policy document it emerges that ESF is taking the matter seriously and feels obliged to display leadership, possibly inspired by the very extensive Hermann Brach case in Germany, in particular, as described in DCSD's previous annual reports.
Af 51, som allerede havde et medforfatterskab, fandt 18, at de ikke opfyldte Vancouver-reglerne, og 24, at dette gjaldt for mindst én af forfatterne til de artikler, de var medforfattere til.
Of 51 who already had co-authorship, 18 found that they were not in compliance with the Vancouver rules, and 24 that this applied to at least one of the authors of the articles they had co-written.
Af 201 studerende, som havde lavet forskning, havde 43% observeret andre foretage selektiv rapportering, 36% havde observeret trimning eller falsificering af resultater, 25% havde oplevet forkert tildeling af forfatterskab, 14% bevidst misvisende resultatpræsentation, og 14% plagiat.
Of 201 students who had conducted research, 43% had observed others undertake selective reporting, 36% had observed trimming or falsification of results, 25% had experienced wrongful ascription of authorship, 14% deliberately misleading presentation of results and 14% plagiarism.
dation har nu også klart tilkendegivet, at det er nødvendigt at tage fat på dette område alle steder i Europa, hvor der endnu ikke er sket noget, eller hvor der ikke er sket tilstrækkeligt.
The European Science Foundation has also signalled clearly now that it is necessary to get to grips with this area in Europe wherever nothing has yet happened, or wherever too little has happened.
I Storbritannien fortsætter indflydelsesrige kredse med at arbejde for etablering af et nationalt udvalg på området.
In Great Britain, influential circles continue to work to establish a national committee in the field.
Der er røster fremme om, at klinisk forskning er ved at udvikle sig til at blive et maratonforhindringsløb på grund af de mange forskellige retningslinier, reguleringer og interfererende instanser.
There are rumours abroad that clinical research is developing into a marathon hurdle race owing to the many different guidelines, regulatory controls and interfering authorities.
Det hævdes, at der er behov for en mere professionel "research governance" lokalt i forskningsinstitutionerne.
It is claimed that more professional research governance is needed locally in the research institutions.
Interessekonflikter i forbindelse med samarbejdet mellem offentligt støttede forskere og private virksomheder synes at være et voksende problem, som måske kan føre til flere uredelighedsanklager betinget af konkurrence såvel på forskningsområdet som i erhvervslivet.
Conflicts of interest arising from the collaboration between publicly subsidized researchers and private companies seems to be a mounting problem, which may possibly lead to more dishonesty allegations caused by competition both in the field of research and in the business community.
I Skandinavien ventes det, at Norge etablerer et nationalt udvalg, der skal dække alle forskningsområderne, ligesom i Danmark, mens spørgsmålet om den fremtidige organisering i Sverige er under udredning.
In Scandinavia Norway is expected to set up a national committee to cover all areas of research, as in Denmark, while the question of future organization in Sweden is in the process of being elucidated.
Nygaard, B.: Personlig meddelelse.
Nygaard, B.: Personal communication.
9. Lotjonen, S.: Personlig meddelelse.
9. Lotjonen, S.: Personal communication.
Loven trådte i kraft den 1. juli 1999 og finder anvendelse på opfindelser, der er gjort efter den 1. januar 2000.
The Act came into force on 1 July 1999 and applies to inventions made after 1 January 2000.
Opfindelser, som opfinderen ikke har gjort institutionen bekendt med inden den 1. januar 2000, anses for gjort efter dette tidspunkt, jf. § 19, stk.
Inventions which the inventor has not notified to the institution by 1 January 2000 are deemed to have been made after this time, cf. Section 19, subs.
Der mangler tilstrækkelige ressourcer til at udtage patenter og til at pleje patenterne, dvs. til at standse patentkrænkelser.
sources to take out patents and service those patents, i.e. to stop patent infringements.