natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I samråd med Miljøstyrelsen udvælges 7-10 enkeltstoffer, identificeret ved migration til kunstig sved, til sundhedsmæssig vurdering.
In consultation with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency 7-10 single substances identified through migration to artificial sweat are selected for a health assessment.
Et primært udvælgelseskriterie er, at stofferne optages gennem huden, hvilket er den eneste relevante eksponeringsvej.
A primary selection criterion is that the substances are absorbed through the skin which is the only relevant way of exposure.
Dernæst bør der fokuseres på de stoffer, som ud fra allerede gennemførte toksikologiske vurderinger og risikovurderinger på internationalt og nationalt niveau (fx EU, ATSDR, IRIS, IPCS, WHO) vurderes at kunne udgøre en risiko for forbrugernes sundhed.
Secondly, focus ought to be on the substances which from already completed toxicological assessments and risk assessments at international and national level (e.g. EU, ATSDR, IRIS, IPCS, WHO) are known to constitute a risk for the consumers' health.
Stoffer med en kendt sensibilerende effekt bør medtages i en efterfølgende vurdering, hvis de er identificeret i analyserne.
Substances with a known sensitizing effect ought to be included in the additional assessment if they are identified in the analyses.
Den mest præcise vurdering af systemiske effekter opnås i relation til de stoffer, hvor den kritiske effekt er identificeret, og der er etableret et NOAEL (No Observable Adverse Effect Level), men vurderingen skal under alle omstændigheder gennemføres efter de retningslinjer, der findes i EU's Technical Guidance Document, og som er anvendt ved kortlægningen af en lang række andre forbrugerprodukter.
The most precise assessment of systemic effects is reached in relation to the substances where the critical effect is known and a NOAEL (No Observable Adverse Effect Level) is established but in any circumstances the assessment must be carried out according to the guidelines in the EU's Technical Guidance Document, which has been used in the surveys of a wide range of other consumer products.
Resultatet af denne vurdering er således et overblik over de potentielle sundhedseffekter for de udvalgte stoffer og et bud på hvilket optag, der vurderes til at være uden effekt på mennesker.
Thus, the result of this assessment is an overview of the potential health effects for the selected substances and a suggestion of which exposures that are assessed to be without any effect on humans.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at den skitserede fremgangsmåde ikke giver mulighed for at vurdere en eventuel risiko for allergi.
However, it shall be noticed that the outlined procedure does not give any possibility of assessing a possible risk of allergy.
EU's Technical Guidance Document giver kun en meget overordnet vejledning i vurdering af risikoen for sensibilisering.
EU's Technical Guidance Document only gives a very general guidance in the assessment of the risk of sensitisation.
Det vil dog være et naturligt element følge retningslinierne gennem at give en pragmatisk, kvalitativ, vurdering af risikoen for allergi ved at anvende kendt viden om stoffernes sensibiliserende egenskaber og, hvor muligt, viden om sammenhængen mellem koncentration og effekt.
However, it would be a natural element to follow the guidelines by giving a pragmatic, qualitative assessment of the risk of allergy by using existing knowledge about the sensitizing properties and, where possible, knowledge about the connection between concentration and effect.
Bilag G: PFOS analyseresultater
Appendix G: PFOS analysis results
Projektet Kortlægning samt sundhedsmæssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer i skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere er en del af Miljøstyrelsens samlede indsats i forbindelse med kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i forbrugerprodukter.
The project Survey as well as health assessment of chemical substances in school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers is a part of the total effort of the Danish Environment Protection Agency in connection with mapping of chemical substances in consumer products.
Projektet er delt i tre faser.
The project is divided into three phases.
Fase 2: Kvalitative og kvantitative analyser af indholdsstoffer samt analyse af hvilke flygtige forbindelser, der kan afgives til luften ved håndtering af produkterne.
Phase 2: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of constituents as well as analysis of which volatile compounds that can be emitted to the air when handling the products.
Derudover screening for organiske parametre ved migration til kunstig sved og kunstigt spyt.
Furthermore, screening for organic parameters through migration to artificial sweat and artificial saliva.
Fase 3: Sundhedsmæssig vurdering af relevante kemiske stoffer i skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere.
Phase 3: Health assessment of relevant chemical substances in school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers.
Der er fokuseret på de stoffer, som er vurderet til at kunne udgøre en risiko for forbrugernes - i det her tilfælde - primært børnenes sundhed.
Focus is on the substances being assessed to be a possible risk for the consumers' health - in this case - primary the children's health.
Derudover udarbejdelse af eksponeringsscenarier for udvalgte stoffer.
In addition to this, preparation of exposure scenarios for selected substances is carried out.
Fase 3 er udført af FORCE Technology, Afdelingen for Bæredygtighed og Ledelse v/ civilingeniør Pia Brunn Poulsen.
Phase 3 is carried out by FORCE Technology, Department for Sustainability Management by M.Sc.
Kvalitetsansvarlig er senior projektleder Anders Christian Schmidt.
Quality responsible is senior project manager Anders Christian Schmidt.
Som et led i Miljøstyrelsens kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i en række forbrugerprodukter ønskes viden om, hvilke stoffer der indgår i og afgives fra skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere.
As part of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's survey of chemical substances in a number of consumer products, knowledge of which substances being a part of and being emitted from school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers is wanted.
Projektet Kortlægning samt sundhedsmæssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer i skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere er udført i tre faser.
The project Survey as well as health assessment of chemical substances in school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers is conducted in three phases.
Undersøgelsen omfatter kortlægning af markedet, kvalitative og kvantitative analyser samt sundhedsmæssig vurdering af eventuelle sundhedsskadelige effekter fra stoffer, som afgives fra skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere.
The survey includes mapping of the market, qualitative and quantitative analyses as well as a health assessment of possible harmful impacts from substances being emitted from school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers.
Fase 1 omhandler en undersøgelse af, hvilke typer produkter, der er på markedet i Danmark.
Phase 1 includes a study of the types of products which are on the Danish market.
Endvidere en undersøgelse af hvilke materialer, de er lavet af eller som indgår i dem samt hvilken aldersgruppe disse produkter henvender sig til.
Furthermore, a study of which materials they are made of or which materials being a part of them as well as at which age group they are directed at.
Disse oplysninger er fremskaffet ad fire veje:
This information is provided in four ways:
Søgning via Internettet
Search via the Internet
Indkøb af skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere
Purchase of school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers
Kontakt til leverandører og producenter, hvis identitet fremgik af emballagen
Through contact to suppliers and producers whose identity is found on the packaging
Kontakt til et udvalg af relevante foreninger og organisationer
Through contact to a number of relevant associations and organizations
På baggrund af markedsanalysen er der indkøbt 26 forskellige stykker viskelædere.
Based on the market analysis 26 different pieces of erasers are bought.
Disse 26 stykker viskelædere repræsenterer et bredt udvalg af de typer viskelædere, der findes på markedet i dag.
These 26 pieces of erasers represent a wide choice of the types of erasers which are on the market today.
Der er på baggrund af markedsundersøgelsen udvalgt de mest anvendte skoletasker samt et tilfældigt udvalg af legetasker og penalhuse.
Also based on the market analysis the most frequently bought school bags and a random choice of toy bags and pencil cases are selected.
Fase 2 omhandler kvalitative og kvantitative analyser af indholdsstoffer i skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere.
Phase 2 includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of constituents in school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers.
Der er foretaget følgende analyser på i alt 43 produkter:
The following analyses of in total 43 products are carried out:
Screening vha. FT-IR for identifikation af polymertyper, ftalater og i nogen udstrækning uorganiske farvestoffer.
Screening by use of FT-IR for identification of polymeric types, phthalates and to some extent inorganic colouring agents.
Denne analyse er udført på udsnit af produkterne for at få en indikation af hvilke stoffer, de indeholder.
This analysis is conducted on a part of the products to get an indication of which substances they contain.
Beilsteins test som verifikation af FT-IR analysen med henblik på at konstatere, hvorvidt en polymer er vinyl(PVC).
Beilstein's test as verification of the FT-IR analysis with the object of determining whether a polymer is vinyl (PVC).
Grønfarvning af flammen indikerer indhold af chlor.
Green colouring of the flame indicates content of chlorine.
Beilsteins test udføres som screening på alle polymerer.
Beilstein's test is carried out on all polymers as screening.
Der er i projektet screenet for chlor på en række produkter herunder et større antal viskelædere.
In the project screening for chlorine on a number of products including a large number of erasers is carried out.
Kvantitativ bestemmelse af ftalater i en større mængde viskelædere og migration til spyt og sved.
Quantitative determination of phthalates in a large number of erasers and migration to artificial saliva and sweat.
a. indikation af, om prøven indeholder chlorerede eller bromerede flammehæmmere, chlorerede antibakterielle midler, tin-forbindelser, svovl eller nikkel.
From the analysis it is indicated whether the sample contains chlorinated or brominated flame retardants, chlorinated anti-bacterial means, tin compounds, sulphur or nickel.
Der er lagt særligt vægt på at fremhæve produkter, der indeholder krom, arsen, selen, antimon, cadmium, barrium, kviksølv og bly, da disse stoffer i.flg. legetøjsdirektivet ikke må overstige en angivet maksimal mængde ved ekstraktion.
Emphasis has especially been on single out products containing chromium, arsenic, selenium, antimony, cadmium, barium, mercury and lead as amount of these substances must not exceed a stated maximum amount at extraction according to the Toys Statutory Order.
ICP-MS analyse af ekstrakter for at bestemme indholdet af udvalgte metaller (krom, arsen, selen, antimon, cadmium, barrium, kviksølv og bly) i ekstrakterne.
ICP-MS analysis of extractions to determine the content of selected metals (chromium, arsenic, selenium, antimony, cadmium, barium, mercury and lead) in the extractions.
GC-MS headspace analyse.
GC-MS headspace analysis.
Det er konstateret, at nogle af produkterne afgiver en kemisk lugt, specielt når de er helt nye.
It is discovered that some of the products emit a chemical odour, especially when they are quite new.
Der er derfor analyseret for hvilke flygtige forbindelser, der kan afgives til luften ved håndtering af produkterne.
Therefore, an analysis of volatile compounds being emitted to the air when handling the products is carried out.
Analysen er udført semi-kvantitativt ved headspace teknik kombineret med GC-MS.
The analysis is conducted by means of semi-quantitative headspace technique combined with GC-MS.
Screening for afsmittende farvestoffer ved UV-VIS analyse.
Screening for staining colouring agents through UV-VIS analysis.
Resultatet af denne analyse har været en væsentlig oplysning for, om der var behov for nærmere analyser.
The result of this analysis has been significant information whether more detailed analyses were needed.
GC-MS for analyse og identifikation af antioxidanter og organiske farvestoffer til vurdering af afgivelse af stoffer fra produkterne til kunstigt spyt.
GC-MS for analysis and identification of anti-oxidants and organic colouring agents for assessment of emission of substances from the products to artificial saliva.
Analyse af perfluorerede forbindelser
Analysis of perfluorinated compounds.
Resultatet af Beilstein testen, FT-IR analysen og XRF analysen viste, at 9 ud af 26 af viskelæderne er lavet af PVC med ftalat som blødgører, samt at såvel skoletasker som legetasker primært er fremstillet af polyestertekstil med plastdele af PVC med ftalat.
The result of the Beilstein tests, the FT-IR analyses and the XRF analyses showed that 9 out of 26 erasers are made of PVC with phthalate as plasticizer and that both school bags and toy bags are primarily made of polyester textile with plastic parts of PVC with phthalate.
Sammenholdt med resultaterne fra FT-IR analysen, hvor der er identificeret et højt indhold af kridt, måles tilsvarende et højt indhold af calcium ved XRF analysen foruden i mange tilfælde også et højt indhold af magnesium.
Compared to the results of the FT-IR analysis where a high content of chalk is identified, a high content of calcium in the XRF analysis is correspondingly measured and in many cases also a high content of magnesium.
Forekomsten af calcium og/eller magnesium i produkterne hidrører antageligt fra anvendelsen af kridt eller dolomit som fyldstoffer.
The occurrence of calcium and/or magnesium in the products originates presumably from the use of chalk or dolomite as fillers.
Titan er målt i nogle af produkterne og indgår formentlig som et hvidt pigment i form af titandioxid.
Titanium is measured in some of the products and is probably a white pigment in the form of titanium dioxide.
Resultatet af metal analyserne i ekstrakterne viste at disse metaller ikke i nævneværdig grad er migreret til ekstrakterne.
The result of the metal analyses in the extractions showed that these metals have not appreciably migrated to the extractions.
Der er derudover ved XRF analysen påvist højt indhold af Cr, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg og/eller Pb i et eller flere produkter.
Furthermore, the XRF analysis has shown a high content of Cr, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg and/or Pb in one or more products.
Der er i alt fire produkter, der overskrider anvendelsesbegrænsningerne for bly og cadmium som beskrevet i kapitel 2 under Lovgivning.
In total, four products exceed the application limitations for lead and cadmium as described in chapter 2, Legislation (no violation for mercury).
Ved en efterfølgende GC-MS analyse på ekstrakter efter ekstraktion i kunstig sved, findes 25 forskellige forbindelser af interesse for en efterfølgende sundhedsvurdering.
In a later GC-MS analysis on extracts after extraction in artificial sweat 25 different compounds of interest for a later health assessment are identified.
Af disse fremhæves især Isophoron, BHT, Cyclohexanon, Phenol, DIBP, DEHP og 2-Heptanon som værende af særlig interesse.
Especially Isophorone, BHT, Cyclohexanone, Phenol, DIBP, DEHP and 2-Heptanone are emphasized as being of particular interest.
Ved headspace analysen for flygtige stoffer findes 23 forskellige forbindelser af interesse for en efterfølgende sundhedsvurdering.
In the headspace analysis for volatile substances 23 different compounds of interests for a later health assessment are identified.
Af disse fremhæves især Isophoron, BHT, Cyclohexanon, Toluen, tert-Butylalkohol, Methylpropionat og p-Xylen som værende af særlig interesse.
Of these, especially Isophorone, BHT, Cyclohexanone, Toluene, tert-Butyl alcohol, Methyl propionate and p-Xylene are emphasized as being of particular interest.
Udvælgelsen af stoffer til sundhedsvurdering er baseret på stoffernes klassifikation og beskrivelse af effekter, som kan være potentielt problematiske for forbrugeren, hvis afgivelsen (migrationen) af stofferne fra produkterne er for stor.
The selection is based on the classification of the substances and description of impacts which may be potentially problematic for the consumer if the emission (the migration) of the substances is too high.
Der er foretaget risikovurdering for indholdet af de følgende 11 stoffer, der er identificeret via headspace (dvs. afdamper fra produkterne) og/eller via migration til kunstig sved eller spyt:
A risk assessment is carried out for the content of the following 11 substances being identified via headspace (i.e. evaporation from the products) and/or via migration to artificial sweat or saliva:
For viskelæderne gælder, at der er mulighed for en eksponering via munden, eksempelvis ved at børnene tygger eller sutter på viskelæderne.
Regarding the erasers there is a potential of exposure via the mouth, for instance when the children chew or suck the erasers.
Ved oral eksponering sker absorptionen efter afgivelse (migration) af stofferne fra viskelæderne og opblanding i spyt.
At oral exposure the absorption takes place after emission (migration) of the substances from the erasers and mixture in saliva.
Optagelse antages at kunne ske over slimhinder i mundhule eller mave-tarmkanalen.
Absorption is presumed to take place via the mucous membranes in the mouth cavity or in the gastrointestinal tract.
Netop fordi børn kan sutte på dem antages viskelædere at udgøre den mest interessante produktgruppe blandt skoleudstyr.
As children can suck on the erasers these are presumed to be the most interesting product group among school equipment.
Der er kun foretaget migrationsanalyser til kunstigt spyt for produkt 22, men resultaterne fra migrationsanalyserne til kunstig sved anvendes som en rimelig tilnærmelse for resten af produkterne.
Migration analyses for artificial saliva is carried out only for product no. 22 but the results of the migration analyses for artificial sweat are used as a reasonable approximation for the rest of the products.
Nogle af de undersøgte viskelædere er af PVC (9 af 26), og tre af disse viskelædere har et indhold af DEHP som blødgører.
Some of the studied erasers are made of PVC (9 of 26) and four of these erasers have a content of DEHP as plasticizer.
Daglig indtagelse af en lille mængde (kube på ca. 4 mm) viskelæder med et indhold af DEHP over en længere periode kan udgøre en sundhedsmæssig risiko.
Daily intake of a small amount (cube of approx. 4 mm) of eraser with a content of DEHP during a longer period may represent a health risk.
Tilsvarende kan det udgøre en sundhedsmæssig risiko dagligt at sutte eller tygge på et viskelæder med et højt indhold af DEHP over en længere periode.
Correspondingly, it may represent a health risk if a child daily sucks on an eraser with a high content of DEHP during a longer period.
Generelt er beregningerne baseret på de analyserede værdier for enkelte udvalgte skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere.
The calculations are generally based on the analyzed values for a few selected school bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers.
Det kan ikke afvises, at der findes produkter med et større indhold end det, der er fundet i de undersøgte produkter i dette projekt.
It cannot be rejected that there may be products with a higher content than found in the tested products in this project.
Der kan desuden være andre kilder til de samme kemiske stoffer i barnets omgivelser, som vil bidrage til den totale eksponering.
Furthermore, there may be other sources to the same chemical substances in the child's surroundings which will contribute to the total exposure.
Summary and conclusions
Sammenfatning og konklusioner
This information is provided in four ways:
Disse oplysninger er fremskaffet ad fire veje:
Through contact to a number of relevant associations and organizations
Kontakt til et udvalg af relevante foreninger og organisationer
GC-MS headspace analysis.
GC-MS headspace analyse.
Screening for spillover colouring agents through UV-VIS analysis.
Screening for afsmittende farvestoffer ved UV-VIS analyse.
GC-MS for analysis and identification of anti-oxidants and organic colouring agents for assessment of emission of substances from the products to artificial saliva.
GC-MS for analyse og identifikation af antioxidanter og organiske farvestoffer til vurdering af afgivelse af stoffer fra produkterne til kunstigt spyt.
Analysis of perfluorinated compounds
Analyse af perfluorerede forbindelser.
Acceptabelt dagligt indtag.
Acceptable Daily Intake.
Estimeret indtag som antages ikke at have skadelig effekt.
Estimated intake which is presumed to have no harmful effect.
Kan være akut eller kronisk.
Might be acute or chronic.
Er som regel baseret på indholdsstoffer i fødevarer (additiver)
Is normally based on ingredients in food (additives)
Skoletasker og lignende tasker til børn findes i et utal af varianter og ofte i meget farvestrålende udgaver.
School bags and similar bags for children are found in numerous variants and often in very colourful versions.
Disse tasker er oftest lavet af tekstiler og/eller plastmaterialer.
Most often these bags are made of textiles and/or plastics materials.
Skoletasker, legetasker, penalhuse og viskelædere anvendes af børn i mange aldre, og det kan ikke udelukkes, at helt små børn i alderen 0-3 år også kommer i direkte kontakt med disse produkter.
School bags, toy bags, pencil cases and erasers are used by children at many ages and it is possible that very small children at the age of 0-3 years also get in direct contact with these products.
Visse produkter, såsom viskelædere udformet som frugter eller mad med tilhørende lugt (jordbærlugt o. lign.), kan risikere at havne i munden på selv de mindste børn.
Some products, such as erasers designed as fruits or food with related smell (strawberry smell etc.) may risk ending in the mouth of even the smallest children.
Det er desuden produkter, der i høj grad henvender sig til børn, og som i mange tilfælde kommer i direkte hudkontakt under brug.
To a great extent these products address to children and in many cases they get into direct skin contact during use.
Mange af produkterne afgiver, specielt når de er helt nye, en kemisk lugt.
Many of the products emit a chemical smell, especially when they are quite new.
Den kemiske lugt kunne stamme fra en række opløsningsmidler såsom benzen, styren og cyclohexanon.
The chemical smell might come from a number of solvents such as benzene, styrene and cyclohexanone.
Produkter, som er legetøj, er herudover omfattet af legetøjsdirektivet.
Products that are toys are also covered by the toys directive.
De bløde plasttyper kan indeholde en eller flere former for ftalater som blødgørere.
The soft plastic types may contain one or several kinds of phthalates used as plasticizers.
En undersøgelse offentliggjort på Greenpeace hjemmeside kaldet Chemikaze Shopping omtaler således, at skoletilbehør, såsom skoletasker, drikkedunke og penalhuse, indkøbt i div. lufthavne, indeholder store mængder ftalater.
A study published on Greenpeace homepage called Chemikaze Shopping mentions that school accessories such as school bags, drinking bottles and pencil cases, bought in various airports, contain considerable amounts of phthalates.
De fandt DEHP i koncentrationer helt op til 23% i en Batman drikkedunk.
They found DEHP in concentrations up to 23% in a Batman drinking bottle.
Der er derfor i projektet indgået en undersøgelse af muligt indhold af ftalater
Therefore, a study of possible content of phthalates is included in this project.
Fase 1: Kortlægning af markedet
Phase 1: Survey of the market
Der er foretaget en undersøgelse af hvilke typer produkter, der er på markedet i Danmark.
A survey of the types of products available on the Danish market is carried out.