natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De almindelige måder at registrere på, som man bruger i Danmark og andre lande, slår ikke til, fordi det ikke så meget er det gennemsnitlige forbrug over et år, der er interessant, men det voldsomt episodiske.
The usual methods of recording alcohol consumption in Denmark and other countries are of no use because it is not so much the average consumption over a year that is interesting, but the extremely episodic drinking.
Dertil kommer, at det er meget usikre svar, man får.
Besides that, the answers given are very unreliable.
En anden myte, som Peter Bjerregaard gennemhuller, er, at forklaringen på de mange alkoholproblemer og det store alkoholforbrug skulle ligge i bestemte enzymforhold og dermed være genetisk bestemt.
Another myth well and truly holed by Peter Bjerregaard is that the many alcohol problems and high alcohol consumption are caused by certain enzymatic factors and are thus genetically determined.
Altså at grønlændere lettere skulle blive fulde, fordi de ikke har de samme alkoholnedbrydende enzymer i leveren som fx danskerne.
In other words, it is supposed that Greenlanders become inebriated more quickly because they do not have the same alcohol-catabolising enzymes in the liver as, for example, Danes.
Det kan ikke underbygges.
There is no scientific support for this.
Spædbørnsdødeligheden i Grønland er høj.
Infant mortality in Greenland is high.
Kurven har ligget parallelt med den tilsvarende danske med et pænt fald, men 30 år forskubbet bagud i tiden.
The trend lies parallel with the corresponding Danish trend 30 years ago, displaying a handsome fall.
Spædbørnsdødeligheden i Grønland svarer til spædbørnsdødeligheden i Danmark for 30 år siden.
So, infant mortality in Greenland corresponds to that in Denmark 30 years ago.
I Grønland for 30 år siden svarede den til, hvad den var i Danmark for 60 år siden.
In Greenland 30 years ago, it corresponded to the situation in Denmark 60 years ago.
Den gennemsnitlige levealder har altid været lavere end i Danmark.
Average life expectancy in Greenland has always been lower than in Denmark.
Disse vanskeligheder er en del af baggrunden for, at "forebyggelsesfunktionen i Grønland ikke er noget at råbe hurra for," som Peter Bjerregaard tørt konstaterer.
The fact that the questions and answers are given in Greenlandic and that other factors than health are included in the assessment of quality of life does not make things any easier.
Sundheden gennem et halvt århundrede
Public health through half a century
Indtil for 50 år siden var truslerne mod sundheden: Tuberkulose, polio, tyfus og andre smitsomme sygdomme.
Until 50 years ago, the threats to health were: tuberculosis, polio, typhoid and other infectious diseases.
Ulykker var der også mange af.
There were also many accidents.
Derefter kom den første moderniseringsperiode.
Then came the first period of modernisation.
I denne periode er alkoholproblemer og selvmord stigende.
In this period, alcohol problems and suicides were rising.
Nu - i den tredje periode - er det velfærdssygdommene, der slår igennem.
Now - in the third period - it is lifestyle diseases that are appearing.
Det er således disse kroniske lidelser, den fremtidige forskning skal koncentrere sig om.
It is thus on these chronic diseases that researchers must concentrate in future.
Hvad betyder det i praksis?
What does that mean in practice?
Den bedste måde at undersøge dette på vil være at opsøge grønlændere, der er flyttet til Danmark og sammenligne med grønlændere, der bor i Grønland i byer og bygder.
The best way of investigating this would be to seek out Greenlanders that have moved to Denmark and compare them with Greenlanders living in towns and settlements in Greenland.
Hvis man opsøger de samme mennesker igen efter 10-15 år, vil man kunne beskrive årsager til en uheldig udvikling.
If one went back to the same people after 10-15 years, one would be able to describe causes for an unfortunate trend.
Men - for at vende tilbage til startspørgsmålet - om nogen må Statens Institut for Folkesundhed være vagthund for, hvornår miljøpåvirkningerne truer den arktiske folkesundhed.
However, going back to the beginning, I ask whether it is not the National Institute of Public Health, rather than any other body, that must take on the role of watchdog, ready to raise the alarm when environmental impacts threaten public health in the Arctic.
Selv om man ikke umiddelbart kan sætte en sygdom på, så er det en uønsket tilstand.
Although that cannot be related to any specific disease, it is an undesirable situation.
Det kan ikke være sundt."
It cannot be healthy."
Sundhed i Sisimiut
Public health in Sisimiut
Hvert år er der i Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg) en uges kampagne for at forbedre sundhedsvanerne.
Every year, the health centre in Sisimiut (Holsteinborg) puts on a oneweek campaign to improve the population's health habits.
Det drejer sig altid om at få borgerne til at være aktivt opmærksomme på at forebygge sygdomme gennem en sund levevis.
The purpose is the same every time: to get people to understand that a healthy lifestyle protects against disease.
Årets uge 46 er noget særligt i Sisimiut.
Week 46 of the year is a special week in Sisimiut.
Den uge syder det af aktivitet i medborgerhuset.
The local community centre is seething with activity.
Det er årets sundhedsemne, der er til debat.
This year's health theme is being debated.
I sundhedsugen er der mulighed for at deltage i fællesspisning i medborgerhuset og få opskrifterne med hjem bagefter.
Communal meals are laid on at the community centre all week, and recipes are given out.
"Vi har tradition for denne aktiveringsmetode," siger Ove Rosing Olsen, der er chefdistriktslæge i Sisimiut.
"We have a tradition for this method of activation," says Ove Rosing Olsen, who is the Chief District Medical Officer in Sisimiut.
Det er et meget populært arrangement.
The health week is a very popular event.
Cirka halvdelen af befolkningen er med.
About half the population participate in it.
Det er blevet en fast etableret tradition, og der er lavet en skabelon for metoden, så den kan bruges alle steder i Grønland.
It has become a well-established tradition, and a template has been made for the method, so that it can be used elsewhere in Greenland.
Der er en almen oplysende del og en videnskabelig del, hvor man efter at have aktiveret befolkningen laver undersøgelser af sundhedsproblemer i lokalområdet.
The method has two elements: the first is the public information activities and activation of the population and the second is scientific studies of health problems in the area.
I den videnskabelige del er der kontakt med Statens Serum Institut, med epidemiologisk afdeling, hvor der er en forskergruppe, som man arbejder sammen med.
During the scientific follow-up, the health centre works together with a research team at the Department for Epidemiological Research at Statens Serum Insitut in Denmark.
Lige nu er man i gang med at undersøge leverbetændelse.
Right now, hepatitis is being investigated.
Denne sidste undersøgelse er udvidet til at omfatte andre byer (Aasiaat og Ilulissat).
This last study was extended to other towns (Aasiaat and Ilulissat).
Overraskende nok var disse luftvejsinfektioner lige hyppige sommer og vinter.
Surprisingly, these bronchial infections occur equally frequently in summer and winter.
Det blev afsløret, at de vigtigste årsager var rygning i familien, opholdet i institutioner, samt at man sov sammen med andre i soverummet.
The main reasons were found to be smoking in the family, being in a day-care centre, and sleeping together with others in one bedroom.
De videnskabelige resultater bliver bragt både i Ugeskrift for Læger og i internationale videnskabelige tidsskrifter.
The scientific results are published in both "Ugeskrift for Læger" (the Danish Medical Journal) and international scientific journals.
"Vi har ikke beskæftiget os meget med forureningen af vores madvarer.
He replies: "We have not done much yet on the pollution of our food products.
Men spørgsmålet om, hvad toxiske stoffer betyder i naturen og i fødeemnerne, er ikke en daglig diskussion i lokalbefolkningen.
"However, the effect of toxic substances in the environment and our food on people's general health is not a subject of daily discussion among the local population.
Det har heller ikke været et uge 46- projekt."
Nor has there been a week 46 project on the subject."
Bevidstheden om forurening af fødeemner er tydeligvis meget nedtonet.
People are aware of pollution in food products but do not talk much about it.
Der er tale om en almindelig resignation, for man kan alligevel ikke lave den del af sit liv om.
They are generally resigned to the fact that there is not much they can do about that aspect of their lives.
Du kan ikke holde op med at spise sælkød.
They cannot stop eating seal meat.
En oplysning om, at der er forurenende stoffer i sællever fører ikke til, at man holder op med at spise sællever, højst at man ikke spiser så store mængder.
Being told that there are contaminants in seal liver does not stop them from eating seal liver, although they may eat less of it.
Men det må jo i høj grad være dit problem, som leder af sundhedscentret, insisterede jeg.
"But that must be very much your problem, as head of the health centre," I say, not wanting to leave matters there.
Du ved hvor høj belastningen er, og ved samtidig, at befolkningen ikke ønsker at diskutere, om det betyder noget for sundheden.
"You know how high the impact is and also know that people are not keen on discussing what effect this has on their health."
"Spørgsmålet er, hvad der kan betale sig," svarer Ove Rosing Olsen.
"The question is, what it pays to do," replies Ove Rosing Olsen.
" Jeg ser bogstaveligt talt folk dybt i øjnene.
"I quite literally look people deep in the eye.
Det er ikke sandsynligt, at det skyldes noget genetisk."
It is unlikely to be anything genetic."
Ove Rosing Olsen fortæller videre, at patienter, der har leverbetændelse eller folk som drikker meget, ikke har den samme grad af leverforandringer som i Danmark.
Ove Rosing Olsen also tells me that patients with hepatitis and people that drink a lot do not have the same degree of changes in the liver as in Denmark.
I Grønland ser man så at sige ingen med skrumpelever.
In Greenland, practically no cases of cirrhosis of the liver have been seen.
Der er meget få langtidsvirkninger for patienter med leverbetændelse virus B, som er almindeligt forekommende her.
And patients with hepatitis B, which is common in Greenland, suffer almost no long-term effects.
Han ser ikke i synderlig grad hjertekarforandringer hos sine patienter.
He does not see much in the way of cardiovascular changes in his patients.
Det er sjældent, at han ser grelle hjertekarforandringer, som man ser det i andre lande.
He seldom sees the kind of glaring cardiovascular changes that are seen in other countries.
"Konklusionen for mig er, at der er nogle væsentlige beskyttelsesforhold, som jeg lægger stor vægt på.
Ove Rosing says, "This leads me to conclude that there are some important protective factors at work here, and I attach great importance to them.
Det bruges i meget stor grad i det danske samfund.
They are used very extensively in Denmark.
De grønlandske patienter, der har forhøjet blodtryk - ud over dem der har familiær hyperkolesterolami - får kostvejledning.
Greenlandic patients with high blood pressure - apart from those with familial hypercholesterolemia - receive dietary advice.
Hvidhvalspæk er det mest virksomme anti-kolesterolmiddel, han kender.
Beluga blubber is the most potent cholesterolreducing agent he knows.
Kosten på kysten
The diet along the coast
Hvorfor er Grønland ikke i højere grad selvforsynende med kød, når traditionel grønlandsk kost på mange måder er sund mad til trods for indhold af miljøgifte?
Why is Greenland not more self-sufficient with regard to meat, considering that the traditional Greenlandic diet in many ways is healthy, despite a certain level of environmental toxins?
Hvordan er det i Grønland?
What is the situation like in Greenland?
Og der stilles ikke noget som helst krav om andelen af grønlandsk proviant eller lødigheden af måltiderne.
No requirements are made as to the quality of the meal or whether it is made with domestic products.
Jeg synes, politikerne skal vågne op og sige, hvad det er, de vil have for pengene.
I think that the politicians should wake up and say what they want for their money.
Jeg efterlyser en aktiv kostpolitik for hele den offentlige forplejning," siger Ulla Uhrskov.
I would like to see an active dietplan policy for provisioning throughout the entire public sector", says Ms. Uhrskov.
Hun underviser på Center for Sundhedsuddannelse i ernæring, diætik og grønlandske fødevarer.
She teaches at the Centre for Healthcare Training in Nutrition, Dietetics, and Greenlandic Foods.
Eleverne er fortrinsvis sundhedsassistenter og sygeplejestuderende.
Her students are primarily healthcare assistants and nursing students.
Tidligere har hun i 14 år undervist levnedsmiddelelever.
She has previously taught nutrition students for 14 years.
Er nu ansat ved NUKA a/s, der indhandler og producerer grønlandske fødevarer til salg primært på hjemmemarkedet, dvs. butikker, restauranter, sygehuse, alderdomshjem og børneinstitutioner.
Ms. Uhrskov now works at NUKA a/s, a company which purchases and produces Greenlandic foods sold primarily to domestic shops, restaurants, hospitals, old-peoples' homes and childcare centres.
NUKA har også eksport af saltet torsk og uvak (fjordtorsk), tørfisk, moskusokse og rensdyr, primært til Færøerne, Tyskland, Danmark og det sydlige Europa.
NUKA has also exported salted cod and "uvak" (Greenlandic fjord cod), dried fish, musk ox and reindeer, mainly to the Faeroe Islands, Germany, Denmark, and southern Europe.
Kødgryderne i Grønland
Cooking in Greenland
En af metoderne til at dirigere slagets gang er at udforme en kostpolitik for institutionerne.
One way of ensuring this is to prepare a diet policy for the country's institutions.
En anden er almindelig oplysning om grønlandske fødevarer.
Anoher way is through general information about Greenlandic foods.
Privat er familien Uhrskov selvforsynende med kød, fisk og fugle.
Ms. Uhrskov's own family is selfsufficient with regard to meat, fish, and poultry.
Ulla Uhrskov efterlyser en større grad af kreativitet og fantasi blandt de faguddannede kokke til at udnytte de pragtfulde grønlandske råvarer.
Ms. Uhrskov wishes that professional chefs were more imaginative and experimented more with the wonderful Greenlandic products, as they can play an important role in inspiring others to try out new dishes based on familiar foods.
Den kulturelle faktor
The cultural factor
"Fisk spiser man i hele verden, men sælkød er vi et af de eneste lande i verden, der spiser.
"People eat fish all over the world, however we are one of the only countries in the world where seal is eaten.
Sælkød er rigtig grønlandsk mad."
Seal is a truly Greenlandic food.
Som bekendt er der konstateret både tungmetaller og POP´er i grønlandske fødevarer.
It is well known that both heavy metals and POPs have been found in Greenlandic food.
Hvordan afspejler de videnskabelige resultater sig i praktiske kostråd til den grønlandske befolkning?
How are these scientific findings reflected in practical dietary advice given to the Greenlandic population?
I 1997 gik læge i Nuuk, Gert Mulvad, Tine Pars, der er Ph.D. i ernæring og Ulla Uhrskov, der er klinisk diætist sammen og lavede en arbejdsgruppe, der arrangerede et seminar om grønlandske fødevarer.
In 1997 Gert Mulvad, a doctor in Nuuk, Tine Pars, a Ph.D. in nutrition, and Ulla Uhrskov, who is a clinical dietician, joined forces and set up a working group that organised a seminar about Greenlandic foods.
Fiskere, fangere, kulturfolk, forskere fra Danmark og Canada diskuterede hele denne problemkreds.
Fishermen, hunters, indigenous groups, and scientists from Denmark and Greenland discussed this matter.
Efter seminaret blev ernæringsrådet nedsat - et forum for diskussionen af kostpolitikken i Grønland i lyset af de mange videnskabelige resultater, der kommer ude fra verden.
After the seminar, a Nutrition Council was set up providing a forum for debating Greenland's dietary policy in light of the many scientific findings from the surround ing world.
Det har været en lang proces, at få defineret en fælles klar holdning omkring forureningstofferne i de grønlandske fødevarer.
Defining a common position concerning pollutants in our foods has been a long process.
Det er vigtigt for ernæringsrådet at der ikke laves skræmmekampagner, men føres en saglig debat.
The Nutrition Council wants to avoid alarmist campaigns, but at same time it wants to conduct a serious debate.
I dag spiser den største del af befolkningen både traditionel grønlandsk kost og importerede madvarer.
Today the majority of the population's diet consists of both traditional Greenlandic foods and imported foods.
Det er en mindre del af den grønlandske befolkning, der er afhængige af havets forekomster og som i perioder spiser ensidigt.
A small part of the population depends on the resources from the sea, and at times this group's diet is very unvaried.
"Det er utroligt ømtåleligt at gå ud og snakke forurening," fortæller Ulla Uhrskov, der til daglig støtter sig til Jens C. Hansens bog om grønlandsk kost ("Grønlandsk kost - en miljømedicinsk vurdering").
"Pollution is an extremely sensitive topic to address," says Ms. Uhrskov, who bases her work on Jens C. Hansen's book about the Greenlandic diet, "The Greenlandic Diet - an ecomedical assessment" ("Grønlandsk kost - en miljømedicinsk vurdering").
Den henvender sig til læger, sygeplejersker og det øvrige sundhedspersonale.
The book is for doctors, nurses, and other health-care personnel.
"Det arktiske dilemma" udgivet af Miljøstyrelsen, er det hidtil eneste om ernæring og forurening skrevet for almindelige mennesker.
She also uses "The Arctic Dilemma" ("Det arktiske dilemma"), published by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, which is the only book about nutrition and pollution written for laymen so far.
Selv har hun skrevet bogen "Mad til små børn", heri indgår et kapitel om forureningsstoffer og kost til gravide, ammende og småbørn.
This dietary advice is given in the book "food for small children, and women during pregnancy and breastfeeding"
Gravide og ammende kan fortsat spise varieret grønlandsk mad.
Pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding can maintain a varied Greenlandic diet
Spis meget ris, kartofler, pasta og groft brød, også til den varme mad.
Eat a lot of rice, potatoes, pasta and wholemeal bread, also with hot meals
Spis frugt og grøntsager hver dag, de indeholder mange vitaminer.
Eat fruit and vegetables every day, they contain a lot of vitamins
Spar på indtagelsen af sukker.
Limit your sugar intake
"Når jeg fortæller folk, hvor sunde de grønlandske fødevarer er i forhold til mange importerede fødevarer, så skal der samtidig fortælles om forurening," fortæller Ulla Uhrskov om sin daglige undervisning.
Ms. Uhrskov has written the book "Food for Small Children" ("Mad til små børn"), which contains a chapter about pollutants and diets for women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as for small children.
"Det er vigtigt, at de sygeplejestuderende ved noget om forureningsstofferne, fordi de vil være nogle af de få, der ved noget om ernæring og forurening."
"When I tell people how healthy Greenlandic foods are compared to many imported foods, I must also tell them about pollution," says Ms. Uhrskov about her everyday teaching.
De studerende har hørt om kviksølv og andre tungmetaller, men det er anderledes med POP´er.
"It's important that the nursing students know about pollutants, as they will be some of the few who know anything about nutrition and pollution."
I ernæringsrådet har man hele tiden slået på, at det bedste råd er: Spis varieret kost.
The Nutrition Council has always maintained that the best advice is: vary your diet.
Et råd det kan være vanskeligt at følge i en lille bygd, hvor man i fire-fem måneder kun har sælen at spise.
Advice that can be difficult to follow in a little settlement where seal is the only available food for four to five months a year.
Hvor det er muligt, skal man spise både sæl og hval, fisk, fugle og også noget importeret mad.
Wherever possible one should eat seal and whale meat, fish, poultry, and also some imported foods.
Generelt siger ernæringsrådet om miljøgifte:
In general the Council's position on environmental toxins is that:
fisk og rejer i Grønland er rene og sunde,
fish and shrimp from Greenland are clean and healthy,
bær, lam, rensdyr og moskusokser er uden forureningsstoffer,
berries, lamb, reindeer and musk ox do not contain pollutants,
bardehvaler har mindre forureningsstoffer i sig end tandhvaler,
whalebone whales contain less pollutants than toothed whales,
de ældre sæler har flere forureningsstoffer end de yngre sæler,
older seals contain more pollutants than younger seals,
POP´erne er mest i fedtet, og tungmetallerne er mest i organerne.
POPs are mainly found in fatty tissue and heavy metals in organs.
Fedt og forurening
Fat and pollution
"Der er en tendens til, at vi tager alt det dårligste fra den vestlige verdens måde at spise på.
"There is a tendency for us to adopt all the bad things from the eating habits of the western World.
Vi importerer masser af sukker og mættet fedt," er Ulla Uhrskovs beskrivelse af kostsituationen i Grønland netop nu.
We import a lot of sugar and saturated fats," says Ms. Uhrskov when describing today's Greenlandic diet.
Det er især med hensyn til fedtet, at de grønlandske fødevarer adskiller sig fra importeret mad, netop ved deres sundere fedtprofil.
It is especially with regard to fat that Greenlandic foods distinguish themselves from imported foods, as they contain healthier fats, at least when it comes to sea mammals.
Hvad er sundt mad?
What is healthy food?
Den generelle holdning hos befolkningen er at grønlandsk mad er sund.
In general, people believe that Greenlandic food is healthy.
Når man så spørger, hvorfor det er sundt, så er det meget, meget svært at få et svar.
However, it is extremely difficult to get an answer to the question "Why is Greenlandic food healthy?"
Dernæst diskuteres det, hvilke typer fedt man skal foretrække.
Ms. Uhrskov also addresses the type of fat one should choose.
Og endelig det ideelle forhold mellem omega-3 og omega-6 fedtsyrer i forskellige fødeemner.
And finally, she addresses the issue of the ideal omega-3 : omega-6 fatty acid ratio in different types of food.
"I Grønland er man ikke så fedtforskrækkede, som man er i Danmark," forklarer hun.
"People in Greenland don't worry as much about fat as people in Denmark," she explains.
"I praksis snakker vi om at begrænse det mættede fedt.
"In practice, we're talking about reducing the intake of saturated fat.
Men vejer man for meget, drejer det sig om i det hele taget at begrænse fedt.
But if you're overweight, the main thing is to reduce how much fat you eat.
Der er en tendens til, at folk i disse år bliver federe heroppe.
Today people here in Greenland are becoming fatter and fatter.
Og fedtet sætter sig i høj grad om taljen.
And the fat primarily deposits itself at the waistline.
Hvilket giver risiko for hjerte-karsygdomme."
This increases the risk of cardio-vascular diseases."
"Det er forskellen på fedtet fra havpattedyr og landpattedyr, det drejer sig om" pointerer Ulla Uhrskov.
"What is important here is the difference between fat from sea mammals and terrestrial mammals," Ms. Uhrskov explains.
"Hvis du spiser mange havdyr, får du meget umættet fedt og mange omega-3 fedtsyrer."
"If your diet is based on foods from the sea, you will get a lot of unsaturated fats and omega-3 fatty acids."
Men det kunne du have undervist om i Brønderslev eller Randers, indvender jeg.
"But you could have taught this in Brønderslev and Randers", I interject.
"Ja," svarer Ulla Uhrskov, "men vi har bare langt flere alternativer her i landet.
"Yes," Ms. Uhrskov answers, "but we have many more alternatives here in Greenland.
Vi kan spise fisk, sæl og hval, som indeholder meget sundere fedtstoffer end de importerede kødprodukter.
We can eat fish, seal and whale, all of which contain types of fat that are healthier than those found in imported meat products.