natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Vand, varme og elektricitet.
Let us take water first.
Det grønlandske vand er berømmet som noget af verdens fineste.
Greenland's water is renowned as some of the finest in the world.
Der har været et projekt med at måle renheden af det grønlandske vand forskellige steder i naturen for så at sige at nulstille de instrumenter, der skal bruges til at måle forurening.
The purity of the water has been measured at various locations in Greenland in order, so to speak, to set the instruments used for measuring pollution at zero.
Men dette faktum ændrer ikke ved, at der er specielle grønlandske forhold at tage højde for, når vandet føres ind til byerne til brug i husholdningerne og i fiskeindustrien.
However, that does not change the fact that there are special factors in Greenland that have to be taken into account when water is piped into the towns for use by households and the fishery industry.
Fra natur til natur
From nature to nature
Når sneen og isen smelter frigøres enorme vandmasser i løbet af ganske kort tid.
When the snow and ice melt, enormous quantities of water are released in a very short space of time.
Det betyder, at blade og rester af dyr, bl.
In the wintertime, decomposition in nature takes place very slowly.
a. ekskrementer, næsten ikke er omsat, når forårsflommen sætter ind. En væsentlig del af disse plante- og dyrerester kaldes humus.
This means that leaves and remains of animals, including excrement, have hardly decomposed at all when the spring thaw (freshet) starts.
Derfor oplever forbrugerne især i flomtiden, at vandet i vandhanerne kan være gulbrunt.
Therefore, particularly during the spring thaw, consumers sometimes find yellowish brown water coming out of their taps.
Denne misfarvning har dog ingen sundhedsmæssig betydning.
However, this discolouration has no effect on health.
I alle byer bliver vandet kloret for at bekæmpe skadelige bakterier i drikkevandet på vandværkerne.
In all towns, the water is chlorinated to combat harmful bacteria in the drinking water at the waterworks.
Når indholdet af humus og silt er højt, kan der i forbindelse med kloringen dannes de såkaldte trihalomethaner.
When the content of humus and silt is high, so-called trihalomethanes sometimes form in connection with chlorination.
Trihalomethaner mistænkes for at være kræftfremkaldende, hvorfor der er god grund til at forsøge at hindre dannelsen af disse stoffer.
Trihalomethanes are suspected of being carcinogenic, so there is every reason to try to prevent them from forming.
Der er international fokus på trihalomethaner og fastsat grænseværdier for disse i det nye EU-direktiv, som forventes indført i Grønland i løbet af år 2002.
There is international focus on trihalomethanes, and limit values have been set for them in the new EU Drinking Water Directive, which is expected to be implemented in Greenland in 2002.
EU-direktivet vender vi tilbage til.
We shall return to this Directive later.
Byer og bygder
Towns and settlements
Hvordan kan man rent praktisk undgå trihalomethaner?
I ask how one avoids trihalomethanes in practice.
Trihalomethaner opstår som sagt, når klor går i forbindelse med humus, også selv om der kun er lidt humus i vandet.
As mentioned, trihalomethanes occur when chlorine combines with humus, even when there is only a little humus in the water.
Humussen binder sig til silten.
The humus binds to the silt.
"Det vi gør i Ilulissat", siger medarbejderen, "er at vi tilsætter aluminiumsulfat til vandet, samtidig med at vi blander med luft.
"What we do in Ilulissat," says the employee, "is add aluminium sulphate to the water at the same time as we aerate the water.
Når humussen og silten fjernes først er det for ikke at få dannet trihalomethan forbindelserne."
The humus and silt are removed first so that trihalomethane compounds do not form."
Det er kun i byerne, at overfladevandet klores.
Surface water is only chlorinated in towns.
I bygderne, hvor man ikke klorer, medfører det måske, at man ikke umiddelbart kan forarbejde fødevarer til eksport.
In settlements, where the water is not chlorinated, this may mean that food products cannot be directly processed for export.
EU's drikkevandsdirektiv fordrer en vandkvalitet, der er fri for mikroorganismer, parasitter og stoffer i mængder eller koncentrationer, der udgør en potentiel fare for sundheden.
The EU's Drinking Water Directive demands a water quality that is free of micro-organisms, parasites and substances in quantities or concentrations that present a potential risk to health.
Som bekendt er Grønland ikke med i EU, men som med alle andre fornuftige EU-regler er også EU's vandrammedirektiv det, man vil indrette sig efter i Grønland.
Greenland is not a member of the EU, but will abide by the EU's Water Framework Directive just as it abides by all other sensible EU rules.
På alle nyanlagte vandværker tager man højde for EU´s krav af hensyn til befolkningens sundhed og eksporten af grønlandske fødevarer.
All new waterworks are designed and constructed to meet the EU's requirements for reasons of public health and the export of Greenlandic food products.
Hvis en bestemt fiskeindustri ønsker renere vand end EU´s rammedirektiv dikterer, er det for egen regning.
If a company in the fishery industry wants purer water than dictated by the EU's Water Framework Directive, it must pay for it itself.
a. foretaget ude ved fru Mikiasens taphane.
Some of the measurements were taken at a consumer's water tap.
Også registreringerne af om vandet er "aggressivt".
The aggressiveness of the water was also tested.
At vandet er aggressivt vil sige, at det indeholder kuldioxid (CO2).
Water is called aggressive if it contains carbon dioxide (CO2).
Kuldioxid kan opløse ioner i kobberledninger og dermed hæve kobberindholdet evt. over grænseværdien.
Carbon dioxide dissolves ions in copper pipes and thus raises the copper content of the water - possibly beyond the limit value.
De enkelte analyser peger på, at det måske ikke er et problem.
The individual analyses indicate that this may not be a problem.
Men for at kunne foretage en endelig afgørelse, er det nødvendigt at tage prøver fra flere byer.
However, to arrive at a final decision, samples will have to be taken from several towns.
Hvis prøverne viser, at det aggressive vand ikke medfører en målbar forhøjelse af fx kobber, er der af denne årsag ingen grund til at forbyde kobberledninger.
If the samples show that the aggressive water does not result in a measurable increase in, for example, copper content, there will be no reason to ban the use of copper pipes.
Et forbud kunne medføre, at man var nødt til at ændre bygningsreglementet på dette punkt.
A ban could make it necessary to change the building regulations on this point.
Forbrug eller besparelse
Waste water or save it
Vandforbruget svinger mellem 130 og 180 liter pr. person pr. døgn i byer med ledningsnet, fx Nuuk.
Water consumption varies between 130 and 180 litres per person per day in towns with a mains supply - e.g. Nuuk.
I København er det daglige vandforbrug 120 liter pr. person.
In Copenhagen, water consumption is 120 litres per person per day.
I Upernavik ligger forbruget på 55 liter.
In Upernavik, consumption is 55 litres.
Det skyldes, at der ikke er vandskyllende toiletter og ikke noget ledningsnet for vand.
This is because there are no flushing toilets and no water mains.
I enkelte byer har det daglige vandforbrug pr. person tidligere ligget på op til ca. 400 liter.
In some towns, the daily water consumption per person used to be as much as 400 litres.
Derfor blev der i 1991 gennemført en vandsparekampagne og iværksat lækagesøgning på ledningsnettet.
Therefore, in 1991, a water-saving campaign was carried out and the mains were examined for leaks.
Kampagnen medførte et fald i forbruget i disse byer til under 200 liter pr. indbygger.
The campaign resulted in a reduction of consumption in the towns in question to less than 200 litres.
Den største synder var lækager på ledningsnettet.
The biggest sinner was leaks in the mains.
Betyder det noget for forbruget?
Do water meters affect consumption?
Nukissiorfiit har undersøgt i tre-fire byer, hvor meget man kunne få folk til at spare på el, vand og varme.
In three to four towns, Nukissiorfiit investigated how much people could be persuaded to save in electricity, water and heat.
Der var store muligheder for at spare på varmen, mens effekten på el og vand næsten ikke kunne ses.
The results showed a big potential for heat savings, but almost no effect on electricity and water consumption.
Magni Niclasen fra Nukissiorfiit fortæller, at han personligt har oplevet et kraftigt fald i vandregningen i den københavnske boligblok, han tidligere boede i, ved at man simpelthen reducerede vandtrykket.
Magni Niclasen from Nukissiorfiit says that he himself saw a big fall in the water bill in the Copenhagen apartment building he used to live in simply from reducing the water pressure.
Den løsning betragter Magni Niclasen som mere rentabel end at sætte vandmålere op i de enkelte lejligheder.
Magni Niclasen thinks that is financially more viable than installing water meters in the individual flats.
I Nukissiorfiit oplyser man, at Hjemmestyret fastsætter tarifferne for vand, varme og elektricitet.
At Nukissiorfiit I am told that the Home Rule Government sets the tariffs for water, heat and electricity.
Da Nukissiorfiit er et driftsselskab direkte under Hjemmestyret, skal det arbejde efter de retningslinier, Hjemmestyret udstikker.
Since Nukissiorfiit is an operating company directly under the Home Rule Government, it has to abide by the rules laid down by the Home Rule Government.
Det betyder i praksis, at bevillinger til nye anlæg eller renoveringsopgaver inden for driftsområderne (vand, varme og el) skal besluttes politisk.
In practice, that means that appropriations for new plant or renovation work within the company's operating areas (water, heat and electricity) must be decided at the political level.
Da fiskeindustrien har stor betydning for det grønlandske samfund, er der ofte politisk bevågenhed omkring anlægsbevillinger til dette erhvervsområde.
The fishery industry is of great importance to Greenland so applications for investment grants for this industry are often political matters.
Taksterne til fiskeindustrien for el, vand og varme er ligeledes et politisk spørgsmål.
The tariffs paid by the fishery industry for electricity, water and heat are also a political question.
I 1993 råbte fiskeindustrien op om, at deres omkostninger var så høje, at man ikke kunne klare konkurrencen på verdensmarkedet.
In 1993 companies in the fishery industry complained loudly that their costs were so high that they could not compete on the world market.
Hjemmestyret gik derfor ind og lavede særlige industritakster på el og vand for fiskeindustrien.
The Home Rule Government therefore intervened and brought in special industrial tariffs for electricity and water for the industry.
I første omgang var ordningen for vand, at hvis vandforbruget oversteg 30.000 m3 pr år, så faldt taksten til ca. en tredjedel.
Initially, under the scheme for water, if a company's water consumption exceeded 30,000 m3 a year, the price it paid for its water fell to about one third.
Denne ordning gav imidlertid anledning til overforbrug, hvorfor ordningen nu er ændret, så at den favorable industritakst bortfalder, når en aftalt årligt vandkvote er opbrugt.
However, this scheme led to over-consumption and has been changed: the favourable industrial price now applies only to an agreed annual water quota.
Derefter betales fuld takst for det efterfølgende vandforbrug.
Once that has been used up, a company has to pay the full price for the rest of its water consumption.
I Danmark har skiftende energiministre ikke magtet at tæmme stigningen i elforbruget.
In Denmark, successive energy ministers have not managed to tame the rise in electricity consumption.
Samme mønster gør sig gældende i Grønland, om end i mindre grad, idet prisen på el nærmer sig det dobbelte af den danske.
The same pattern applies in Greenland, although to a lesser extent because the price of electricity there is almost twice the Danish price.
De private forbrugeres adfærd er vanskelig at påvirke, men de høje enhedspriser på el har dog helt naturligt reducerende effekt på forbruget.
It is difficult to influence private consumers' behaviour, but the high unit prices for electricity have an entirely natural reducing effect on consumption.
I Nuuk, hvor der afsættes den rene energi fra vandkraftværket i Buksefjorden, er der ikke noget miljømæssigt incitament til at gennemføre energisparekampagner, så længe vandkraftværkets kapacitet er tilstrækkelig."
In Nuuk, which is supplied with clean energy from the hydroelectric power station in Buksefjord, there is no environmental incentive to put on energy-saving campaigns as long as the power station has sufficient capacity."
Ved elproduktion baseret på gasolie udnyttes under halvdelen af den tilførte energi til elektricitet, mens resten bliver til varme.
In the case of electricity production based on gas oil, less than half of the energy supplied is used for electricity; the other half becomes heat.
I 11 af de 18 grønlandske byer udnyttes en del af denne spildvarme (restvarme) til fjernvarmeforsyning.
In 11 of Greenland's 18 towns, part of this residual heat goes to the district heating network.
Der fokuseres meget på at få etableret rentable fjernvarmenet, idet der fortsat er et restvarmepotentiale, der kunne udnyttes fremfor at bortledes som tab.
A lot of attention is being paid to getting financially viable district heating networks established because there is still a residual heat potential that could be used instead of being lost.
Der forhandles i øjeblikket med sygehuset i Aasiaat (Egedesminde) om, at sygehuset skal aftage restvarme fra elproduktionen.
Negotiations are going on at present with the hospital in Aasiaat (Egedesminde) about supplying the hospital with residual heat from electricity production.
Speciale i alting
Specialising in everything
Det faglige uddannelsessystem er klar til at uddanne folk til at gå i gang med at renovere boliger og institutioner.
The vocational education and training system is ready to train people to refurbish housing and institutional buildings.
Nu mangler alene startskuddet, dvs. frigivelsen af de penge, der er bevilget til istandsættelsen.
All that is needed now is the starting signal - the release of the money granted for the refurbishment programme.
Det er ambitiøst at have et fuldt udbygget uddannelsessystem for en befolkning, der ret beset kunne bo i en by af Esbjergs størrelse, men er spredt i 18 kommuner langs Grønlands kyster.
It is an ambitious goal to have a fully developed training and education system for a population about the size of that of Esbjerg but spread over 18 municipalities around the coast of Greenland.
Af mange årsager har man valgt at uddanne egne håndværkere i Grønland.
For many reasons, Greenland has decided to train its own building tradesmen.
Der er allerede en mangeårig tradition for at uddanne tømrere, VVSmontører, malere og andre i de faglige færdigheder, der er brug for ved byggeri og anlæg i Grønland.
It already has a longstanding tradition for training carpenters, plumbers, painters and other trades needed in the building and construction sector in Greenland.
Bygge- og Anlægsskolen i Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg) er hjemstedet for de faglige uddannelser, der alle er tilpasset de særlige grønlandske forhold.
The Building and Construction School in Sisimiut is the home of the vocational training schemes, all of which have been designed for the special Greenlandic conditions.
Hvad det er, handler det følgende om, men det kan allerede røbes, at det vigtigste kodeord er, at de uddannede håndværkere skal kunne handle selvstændigt.
You can read about the schemes below, but I can already reveal that one of the main things the school tries to teach the coming building tradesmen is to act on their own initiative.
Jeg lod spørgsmålet gå videre til Torben Jürgensen, der er inspektør på Bygge- og Anlægsskolen i Sisimiut.
I put that question to Torben Jürgensen, the Principal of the Building and Construction School in Sisimiut.
"Der er i Grønland en lang række mennesker, som er uddannet til de forskellige jobs, der er nødvendige inden for byggeri og anlæg.
He tells me: "In Greenland we have a large number of qualified people for the different jobs that are needed within building and construction.
Når politikerne giver midlerne til renovering fri, så har vi allerede folk, der er uddannet på de fleste felter.
We already have qualified manpower in most building trades and are only waiting for the politicians to release the money for the refurbishment work.
Ventetiden er farlig, hvis man vil bevare kvalificeret arbejdskraft.
Torben Jürgensen points out that a long wait is dangerous if one wants to keep qualified manpower.
Så længe politikerne ikke har meldt ud og så længe man ikke ved, hvor det bærer hen, er der folk, der finder ind på andre arbejdspladser, hvad man ikke kan fortænke dem i.
With the politicians dragging their feet and nobody knowing where it is all going to end, some people find other jobs, and one can hardly blame them for that!
På Bygge- og Anlægsskolen har man presset på for at få en kortlægning af renoveringens arbejdsopgaver, så man kan udbyde de rigtige kurser.
The school has pressed for a specification of the refurbishment work so that it can offer the right courses.
Denne uddannelse er speciel for Grønland.
This course is only offered in Greenland.
Der uddannes flest inden for de traditionelle håndværk: tømrer og snedker, bygningsmaler og VVS-montør.
Most people are trained within the traditional building trades: carpentry, joinery, painting, and plumbing.
Der uddannes i øjeblikket ingen murere i Grønland, da der er meget få stenhuse.
There are no courses in Greenland at present for bricklayers and masons because there are very few brick built and masonry houses.
Her er det et problem, at byggeriet i den periode både i Danmark og i Grønland var montagebyggeri og at renovering i højere grad kræver, hvad man kunne kalde de traditionelle gamle håndværkerdyder.
The trouble here is that buildings from that period in both Denmark and Greenland were built using industrialised building methods, whereas refurbishment calls more for good, old-fashioned craftsmanship.
I princippet kræver det større kunnen at reparere end at bygge nyt.
In principle, it takes more skill to repair a building than to build a new one.
Som svar på dette, er de faglige uddannelser derfor ved at blive ændret.
In response to this, the vocational training courses are being changed.
Man er ved at opbygge et nyt fagligt uddannelsessystem, hvor man samler alle, der ikke har med tømrerfag, malerfag og VVS at gøre til en fælles grundskoling.
A new vocational training and education system is being developed in which all the people that are not on a carpentry, joinery, painting or plumbing course are gathered together for combined basic training.
Det betyder, at man bliver skolet til at kunne indgå i mange meget forskellige arbejdsopgaver.
This means that they are trained to participate in many different kinds of work.
Det, der gør den faglige uddannelse i Grønland anderledes end den tilsvarende uddannelse i Danmark, er, at man som udgangspunkt uddanner en slags altmuligmænd i fagene, der siden hen kan tage kurser i forskellige specialer.
The difference between vocational training in Greenland and Denmark is that, in Greenland, a student starts off training as a kind of "jack of all trades" and can then go on to a course in a specific trade.
Det er selvstændighed, der er brug for, ikke mindst ved arbejdsopgaver i bygder.
It is initiative that is needed, particularly on jobs in settlements.
Uddannelse af grønlandsk arbejdskraft betyder, at viden og erfaringer bliver i Grønland og ikke flyver tilbage til Danmark eller andre lande når arbejdsopgaverne er færdige.
Training Greenlandic manpower means that the knowledge and experience gained stays in Greenland instead of flying off back to Denmark or to other countries when the jobs come to an end.
Umiddelbart er der iøjnefaldende forskel på et grønlandsk sjak i forhold til et udenlandsk.
There are conspicuous differences between a Greenlandic building gang and a foreign one.
Når et udenlandsk sjak ankommer til Grønland for at udføre en opgave, gælder det typisk om at arbejde så mange timer i døgnet som muligt.
When a foreign gang comes to Greenland to carry out a job, the gang's members usually want to put in as many hours a day as possible.
En grønlandsk arbejder har fundamentalt andre interesser.
Greenlandic workers have a fundamentally different attitude.
Han er interesseret i at have arbejde over så lang tid som muligt, helst hen over vinteren, at have en almindelig arbejdsdag og at have fri i weekenden osv.
They want work for as long as possible and preferably right through the winter, and they want an ordinary working day, weekends off, etc.
De grønlandske arbejdere har familier på stedet.
Greenlandic workers have their families on the spot.
De udenlandske er enten enlige eller har familie i Danmark, Norge eller Island.
The foreign workers are either single or have their families in Denmark, Norway or Iceland.
Men betyder det, at blandede sjak er en rigtig dårlig idé?
I ask whether that means that mixed gangs are a really bad idea.
"Ofte er der tale om, at det er politikerne, der blokerer for en ordentlig planlægning.
It is often the politicians that get in the way of proper planning.
Finansloven bliver vedtaget om efteråret og frigivet i begyndelsen af det nye år, når budgetplanlægningen er i orden.
The Finance Act will be passed in the autumn, and the money released at the beginning of the New Year when the budget planning is in order.
Så går man i gang med undersøgelser, tegning osv. Det er man færdig med en gang i løbet af sommeren.
A start will then be made on analyses, design work, etc. That work will be finished sometime in the summer.
Så bliver opgaven udbudt, således at byggeriet kan gå i gang, måske i sensommeren.
Tenders will then be invited for the project, so the actual work cannot start until possibly the late summer.
Det vil sige, der bliver udendørs vinterbyggeri, hvilket selvsagt er dyrere og forceret.
In other words, it will be outdoor, winter work, which is obviously more costly and rushed.
Samtidigt skal byggeriet stort set være færdigt, før det er begyndt."
At the same time, the building project must largely be completed before it has begun."
De lokale erhvervsskoler, der tidligere indgik som en væsentlig faktor i de faglige uddannelser, har udspillet deres rolle med den nye uddannelsesrevision, der gennemføres i disse år.
With the revision of the training and education system that is now being implemented, the role of the local vocational schools that used to be an important element of the vocational training schemes has come to an end.
I stedet for lokale erhvervsskoler centreres bygge- og anlægsundervisningen nu til fire regionale erhvervsskoler, med hjemsted i Sisimiut (Holsteinborg), Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Nuuk (Godthåb) og i Narsaq.
Instead, training in building and construction is now concentrated in four regional vocational schools located in Sisimiut (Holsteinborg), Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Nuuk (Godthåb) and Narssaq.
Alle fire steder starter man med en fælles grunduddannelse inden for bygge og anlæg.
At all four schools, students start with a combined basic training course in building and construction.
Ingen specialisering fra starten.
No specialisation from the start.
Direkte ind i det fælles system.
Directly into the combined system.
Det nye er også, at der nu kan lægges specielle kurser ud til andre byer.
Another innovation is that specialised courses can now be held in other towns.
Der har lige været afholdt et mine- og entreprenørkursus i Nanortalik til renovering af veje.
A blasting and contracting course has just been held in Nanortalik for road renovation.
Er der en presserende opgave, kan man hente instruktører fra samarbejdspartnere til snart sagt alle opgaver.
If there is an urgent task we can obtain instructors from our business partners for almost any kind of work.
Samtidig bliver den lokale lærerstab opkvalificeret.
This also upgrades the qualifications of local instructors.