natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
4 Indholdsstoffer i produkter
4 Substances contained in products
Antallet af selvbrunerprodukter på markedet stiger, samtidig med at flere producenter af selvbrunerkabiner producerer deres egne produkter.
The number of self-tanning products on the market is growing, and more manufacturers of self-tanning booths are making their own products.
DHA, bronzere og befugtere er de oftest forekommende indholdsstoffer i denne type af kommercielt tilgængelige selvbrunerprodukter.
DHA, bronzers and moisturisers are the most common ingredients in this type of commercially available self-tanning product.
De resterende indholdsstoffer nævnt i punkt 4-11 nedenfor er almindelige i mange selvbrunende produkter.
The remaining ingredients mentioned in 4-11 below are common in many self-tanning products.
Almindelige selvbrunende midler indeholder typisk 3-14 % DHA.
Ordinary self-tanning agents typically contain 3-14 per cent DHA.
Selvbrunere, der sælges i håndkøb, indeholder lavere koncentration af DHA (typisk 3-5 %) end de selvbrunerprodukter, der bruges i professionelle sprøjtekabiner (typisk 8-14 %).
Self-tanners sold over the counter contain lower concentrations of DHA (typically 3-5 per cent) than self-tanning products used in professional spraying booths (typically 8-14 per cent).
De højeste koncentrationer findes i de midler, der bruges i forbindelse med de moderne sprøjtekabiner, hvor væskeforbruget reduceres, og koncentrationen af DHA øges for at opnå øget bruningseffekt (1).
The highest concentrations are in the agents used in modern spraying booths where the consumption of lotion is reduced and the concentration of DHA is increased in order to achieve a better tanning effect (1).
Mange selvbrunere indeholder et almindeligt farvestof (bronzer), der straks ved påføringen farver huden brun.
Many self-tanning products contain an ordinary dyestuff (bronzer) which colours the skin immediately after application.
Det tjener det formål, at man nemt kan se hvor selvbrunerprodukter er påført og derved undgå ”helligdage”, dvs. områder uden DHA.
This means that it is easy to see where the self-tanning product has been applied and therefore avoid missed patches without DHA.
Mange kunder synes tillige godt om, at de kan se en øjeblikkelig effekt.
Many customers also seem to like seeing an immediate effect.
Det er væsentligt at understrege, at bronzeren ikke har nogen indvirkning på selvbrunerprodukters egentlige effekt.
It is important to stress that the bronzer does not influence the final effect of the self-tanning product.
Bronzeren vaskes af første gang kunden går i bad.
The bronzer washes off in the shower.
De mest almindelige stoffer, som bruges som bronzere og som er beskrevet i patenterne er karamel, Carmine (CI 75470) og diverse nøddeolier fra fx kastanjer og valnødder.
The most common bronzers, which are also described in the patents, are caramel, Carmine (CI 75470) and various nut oils from, for example, chestnuts and walnuts.
Befugtere bruges også af de fleste producenter.
Moisturisers are also used by most manufacturers.
Mest almindelige er glycerin og diverse planteekstrakter, fx aloe og glycerin.
The most common are glycerine and various plant extracts, e.g. aloe.
Der foreligger kun begrænsede data for flere af stofferne/stofgrupperne.
The health assessment focuses on dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as the active ingredient in self-tanning agents.
DHA blev administreret oralt til behandling af "childhood glycogen storage disease".
Only limited data is available for several of the substances/substance groups.
Man ved dog bl.
Occurrence and use
a., at keto- eller aldoforbindelsen reagerer med en amin (hudens aminosyrer) under dannelse af en ketoimin eller en aldoimin.
DHA is a molecule with three carbon atoms and it is the most commonly used active ingredient in self-tanning preparations.
DHA farver ikke andre overflader end stratum corneum, dvs. ikke slimhinder.
DHA was administered orally to treat childhood glycogen storage disease.
Toksikologiske data (dyr)
Water solubility (mg/l)
Der er ikke foretaget nyere undersøgelser af denne art.
Heating or melting converts the DHA to monomer form.
Ældre undersøgelser af Akin et al. og Goldman et al. viser, at DHA ikke har vist toksisk eller carcinogen effekt.
As the equilibrium is shifted towards glyceraldehyde at higher pH values, the equilibrium depends on the pH of the solution.
Glycerin er optaget på INCI-listen og er ikke begrænset i forhold til anvendelsen i kosmetiske produkter iht. kosmetikbekendtgørelsen.
Because of an in vitro study, DHA is suspected of being a genotoxic substance with mutagenic properties.
Polysorbater er ikke reguleret i kosmetikbekendtgørelsen, men anvendelsen i kosmetiske produkter er vurderet af et ekspertpanel.
It may be advisable to protect the lips with a lip-salve and the nose with nose filters prior to treatment.
Effektiviteten tiltager, og vandopløseligheden aftager ved længere alkylkæder.
There is no information on the concentrations tested.
Der beskrives to forskellige worst-case scenarier.
Erythrulose is not on the INCI list.
Kunden forlader kabinen efter sprayningen er ophørt.
Methyl, ethyl and propyl parabens can be absorbed through the skin.
I forbindelse med brug af sprøjtekabiner dannes mere eller mindre sprøjtetåge, bestående af små væskedråber (aerosoler).
NERI has carried out air measurements in the booths during use by customers, representing the impact on the customer.
Store aerosoler/partikler er relativt uafhængige af den omgivende lufts bevægelse, hvorimod tilpas små aerosoler følger luftens bevægelser.
Moreover, measurements have been conducted in the room outside the booths while the customer is using the booths.
Kunderne instrueres i at holde øjnene lukkede under alle behandlinger.
NERI has carried out measurements during treatment of a customer with a manual turbine spray.
Flere saloner anbefaler brug af engangstrusser.
The results from the completed measurements are summarised in the table below.
Worst-case vil være en kvindelig kunde.
Average daily exposure via airways is calculated as:
Det fremgår også af ovenstående beregninger, at eksponering af øjne og slimhinder udgør en større kvantitativ belastning end eksponering via indånding
Besides measuring the aerosol mist in the booth, measurements were also carried out of the background concentrations outside the booth, typically where the operator and waiting customers are.
Operatørerne instruerer kunderne i at bruge næsefiltre og at klemme læberne sammen under behandlingen i automatkabinerne for således at undgå indånding af produkterne.
The values measured are a worst-case scenario as the three treatments are completed within a short period of time.
Operatøren beder her kunden om at holde øjnene lukkede, at bruge næsefilter samt at klemme læberne sammen ved sprøjtning af kroppens øvre dele omkring hals og hoved.
NERI's background measurements during treatment of customers were carried out for open booths and manual turbine spraying together, i.e. it is not possible to separate the air impacts from the two types of treatment.
Den tilgængelige dokumentation om DHA's toksicitet er begrænset og bygger i de fleste tilfælde på dårligt dokumenterede og forældede metoder.
Large aerosols/particles are relatively independent of the surrounding movement in the air, whereas small aerosols follow the movements in the air.
Der foreligger ingen resultater der viser, at DHA har de samme effekter i menneskers hud.
Many of these will be deposited in the upper airways and on the larynx.
Selvbrunerprodukter bør ikke indåndes eller komme i kontakt med slimhinder.
Not all respirable particles are deposited in the alveolar ducts, some are exhaled again.
Hold munden lukket og beskyt læberne med læbepomade under behandlingen.
The distribution of the droplet size was only registered at one measurement.
Gravide og ammende bør undgå at bruge selvbrunerprodukter i spraykabiner.
The techniques in the various booths are different and therefore the droplet size also differs.
Self-tanning lotions : are they a healthy way to achieve a tan?
This meant higher air concentrations in the background measurements than for normal operation.
Desuden undersøgtes eksponeringen i opholdslokaler ved siden af behandlingskabinerne.
The customer stands on two metal plates that work as grounders.
Der er blevet udviklet metoder til opsamling og analyse af dihydroxyacetone i selvbruner lotion.
Self-tanning lotion is sprayed from two vertical rows of nozzles in fine droplets.
Målingerne må betragtes som minimumskoncentrationer, da der kan være ureageret DHA, der har passeret den sidste vaskeflaske.
The customer is instructed to close her eyes and hold her breath during treatment.
Further we studied the exposure with DHA in rooms adjacent to the tanning cabins.
Self-tanning lotion is applied to the entire body whilst the customer turns around.
We used a series of impingers containing a derivatisation agent.
The customer is instructed to close her eyes during treatment.
Formålet med projektet er:
The booth consists of two compartments.
at bestemme den mængde DHA i små dråber, som en person potentielt vil kunne indånde under en professionel behandling med selvbruner-lotion.
The customer hangs her kimono in the outer compartment and activates the spray programme.
at måle den mængde DHA i små dråber, der er i opholdslokaler nær kabiner hvor der behandles med selvbruner-lotion.
The customer then steps into the inner compartment, where self-tanning lotion is sprayed through three rows of nozzles.
Selvbruner lotion udsprøjtes fra to vertikale rækker dyser i fine dråber.
Excess lotion was rubbed into the skin until it was dry.
Kunden bliver instrueret om at lukke øjnene og holde vejret under behandlingen.
The concentration of DHA was measured in the area outside the spraying booth at both locations.
Den anvendte spray virkede efter et HVLP princip (High Volume Low Pressure) turbineprincip, som giver et mindre overskud af lotion end den såkaldte airbrush, som anvendes nogle steder.
The principle behind the separation of the two sizes is the same as in an impactor for collection of particles/droplets of different sizes.
Et lille filter, som sættes op i begge næsebor, filtrerer indåndingsluften.
Here D is the diameter of the entrance hole and v is the flow at the entrance hole.
Kabinen består af to rum.
Hose for collection of small droplets
Der blev opsamlet prøve fra start af behandling til udtræden i forrummet.
To be cleaned subsequently - NOT to be analysed.
Overskydende lotion blev gnedet ind i huden, til den var tør.
Outline illustrating the principle for the inlet to collect droplets.
På begge lokaliteter blev koncentrationen af DHA målt i området uden for sprøjtekabinen.
They are the first to have been able to measure hydroxycarbonyls, such as hydroxyacetone.
De er de første, der har kunnet måle hydroxycarbonyler, f.eks. hydroxyacetone.
In the front purifying flask, the airflow passes through an open tube to catch drops.
Luften suges ved hjælp af en pumpe gennem det ovenfor beskrevne inlet og videre gennem vaskeflaskerne.
At the manufacturer, this was done on a trolley in the room next to the booths.
Dette foregik hos producenten på et rullebord i lokalet ved siden af kabinerne.
This method was developed to analyse a number of carbonyls in outdoor air, including hydroxyacetone, but not dihydroxyacetone.
Denne metode blev udviklet til analyse af en række carbonyler i udeluft herunder hydroxyacetone, men ikke dihydroxyacetone.
However, preliminary lab tests showed poor recovery rates, probably because the dihydroxy compound is not sufficiently derivatised with BSTFA.
Eluent B var 90% methanol og 10% 5 mmol ammoniumacetat.
Eluent B was 90 per cent methanol and 10 per cent 5 mmol ammonium acetate.
Chromatograferingen foregik over 45 min. med lineær gradient.
The chromatography took place over a 45-minute period with a linear gradient.
Figur 7 viser et chromatogram.
Figure 7 shows a chromatogram.
Derefter blev komponenterne detekteret ved dobbelt masse spektrometri (MS-MS) på et Sciex API 2000 massespektrometer.
Subsequently, the components were detected using a double mass spectrometry (MS-MS) on a Sciex API 2000 mass spectrometer.
Stofferne blev ioniseret ved electrospray ionization (ESI) som danner positive molekylære ioner [M+H]+.
The substances were ionised with electrospray ionisation (ESI), which forms positive molecular ions [M+H]+.
Det ioniserede molekyle isoleres i den første MS (kvadrupol) og fragmenteres under påføring af elektrisk energi og en kollisions gas (nitrogen).
The ionised molecule is isolated in the first MS (quadrupole) and fragments when exposed to electrical energy and a collision gas (nitrogen).
Et karakteristisk fragment isoleres i anden MS (kvadrupol), hvorved kun den komponent, der kan opfylde disse karv såvel som retentionstidskravet (samme retentionstid for standard og prøve) bliver positiv detekteret i prøven.
A characteristic fragment is isolated in the second MS (quadrupole) whereby only the component meeting these requirements as well as the retention time requirement (same retention time for standard and sample) is positively detected in the sample.
DHA derivatiseret med PFBHA danner en positiv ion ved m/z 286 og 2 specifikke produkt ioner ved m/z 268 og 181 efter fragmentering.
DHA derivatised with PFBHA forms a positive ion at m/z 286 and 2 specific product ions at m/z 268 and 181 after fragmentation.
Indhold af DHA i prøverne er beregnet ved lineær regression overfor kalibreringsstandarder.
The DHA content in the samples is calculated using linear regression against calibration standards.
I forbindelse med prøvetagningen blev størrelsesfordelingen af dråber målt med Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (fra TSI).
In connection with the sampling session, the distribution of droplet sizes was measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (from TSI).
Instrumentet er venligst udlånt af Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet (Keld Alstrup Jensen).
The instrument is on loan from the National Institute of Occupational Health (Keld Alstrup Jensen).
Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) måler den aerodynamiske diameter af partikler i 51 størrelsesklasser fra 0,5 og op til 20 mikrometer.
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) measures the aerodynamic diameter of particles in 51 size classes from 0.5 and up to 20 micrometres.
Tidsopløsningen i forsøgene var 1 sekund.
The time resolution in the tests was 1 second.
I opholdslokalet ved siden af kabinen blev der målt før første behandling, under begge behandlinger med personer i kabinen og efter alle tre sprøjtninger i kabinen.
In the room next to the booth, measurements were taken before the first treatment, during both treatments with people in the booth, and after all three spraying sessions in the booth.
I selve kabinen blev dråbestørrelsesfordelingen målt under en sprøjtning uden en person i kabinen.
In the booth itself, the distribution of droplet sizes was measured during a spraying session without a person in the booth.
Ion kromatogram af en opkoncentreret prøve
Ion chromatogram of a concentrated sample
Resultater og diskussion
Results and discussion
Tabel 1 viser resultaterne af måling af DHA i dråber < 12µm i diameter i behandlingskabinerne.
Table 1 shows the results of a measurement of DHA in drops < 12 µm in diameter in the treatment booths.
Der var også DHA i den sidste flaske i rækken, hvilket tyder på, at DHA ikke har kunnet nå at reagere kvantitativt med derivatiseringsreagenset.
There was also DHA in the last bottle in the series, which seems to indicate that DHA has not had enough time to react quantitatively with the derivatisation reagent.
Et prøveopsamlingssted blev vaskeflaskerne hældt om i lokalet ved siden af kabinenerne.
At one sampling location, the purifying flasks were rebottled in the room next to the booths.
En felt blind prøve, der havde haft låget skruet af under omhældning af flasker, viste, at der skete en passiv optagelse af DHA i derivatiseringsreagenset, når de var i kontakt med luft med DHA.
A field blind sample, which had had the lid screwed off during rebottling, showed that there was a passive uptake of DHA in the derivatisation reagent when it was in contact with air with DHA.
Prøverne fra spray-opsamling på denne lokalitet blev derfor korrigeret for blindværdi.
The samples from spray collection at this location were thus adjusted for blind value.
Koncentrationen af DHA i dråber < 12µm i luften ved mund/næse under behandling med selvbrunerspray
Concentration of DHA in droplets < 12 µm in the air around the mouth/nose during treatment with self-tanning spray
Forskellen mellem resultaterne af to sprøjtninger i henholdsvis åben og lukket kabine kan hænge sammen med at forsøgspersonerne havde forskellig højde og måske har holdt inlettet lidt forskelligt i forhold til dyserne.
The difference between the results of two spraying sessions in open and closed booths respectively may be because the test persons were of different heights and they may have held the inlet slightly differently in relation to the nozzles.
Det lave indhold af DHA i luften under manuel behandling kan skyldes, at der er udsugning i kabinen, og at der kun i en lille del af den samlede behandlingstid blev sprayet i ansigtet.
The low DHA content in the air during manual treatment may be because there are extractor fans in the booth and the face was only sprayed for a small part of the total treatment time.
Efter behandlingen kunne det ses, at næsefilteret var farvet af bronzeren i lotionen.
After treatment, it was possible to see that the nose filter was coloured by the bronzer in the lotion.
Tabellen til højre viser tidspunkt for den enkelte gennemsnitsmåling.
The background concentration is lowest before the first spray treatment.
Den samlede masse af dråber < 20µm målt i opholdslokale før første behandling med selvbruner lotion i lukket kabine.
Total mass of drops < 20 µm measured in adjacent room during first treatment with self-tanning lotion in closed booth.
Den samlede masse af dråber < 20µm målt i opholdslokale under anden behandling med selvbruner lotion i lukket kabine.
Total mass of drops < 20 µm measured in adjacent room during second treatment with self-tanning lotion in closed booth.
Den samlede masse af dråber < 20µm målt i lukket kabine under behandling med selvbruner lotion.
Total mass of drops < 20 µm measured in closed booth during treatment with self-tanning lotion.
Den samlede masse af dråber < 20µm målt i opholdslokale efter tre behandlinger med selvbruner lotion.
Total mass of drops < 20 µm measured in adjacent room after three treatments with self-tanning lotion.
Der er blevet udviklet metoder til opsamling og analyse af dihydroxyacetone i selvbruner lotion.
Methods have been developed for collection and analysis of dihydroxyacetone in self-tanning lotion.
Der er målt under tre typer behandlinger.
Measurements have been taken during three types of treatment.
Den højeste eksponering findes ved behandling i lukket kabine.
The highest exposure is found during treatment in closed booths.
Målingerne må betragtes som minimumskoncentrationer, da der kan være ureageret DHA, der har passeret den sidste vaskeflaske.
The measurements should be regarded as minimum concentrations, as unreacted DHA may have passed the last purifying flask.
Under behandlingen i lukket kabine kunne der måles en stor andel af dråber i det inhalerbare område < 10µm i diameter.
During treatment in closed booths, a large proportion of drops in the inhalable area < 10 µm in diameter was detected.
Instrumentet til måling af dråbestørrelsesfordeling var ikke til rådighed under målingerne i åben kabine og ved manuel spray.
The instrument for measurement of distribution of drop sizes was not available during measurements in open booths and for manual turbine spray.
Spaulding, R.S., Frazey, P., Rao, X. and Charles, M.J.: Measurement of hydroxy carbonyls and other carbonyls in ambient air using pentafluorobenzyl alchohol as a chemical ionization reagent.
Spaulding, R.S., Frazey, P., Rao, X. and Charles, M.J.: Measurement of hydroxy carbonyls and other carbonyls in ambient air using pentafluorobenzyl alcohol as a chemical ionization reagent.
Windholz et al 1983: The Merck Index, 10. udgave.
Windholz et al. 1983: The Merck Index, 10th edition.
Kortlægning og Sundhedsmæssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer i smykker
Survey and health assessment of chemical substances in jewelleries
Bilag E: Forbudte azofarvestoffer
Appendix E: Banned azo-dyes
I følge BEK 755 af 15.08.2003 er import og salg af tekstil- og lædervarer, som kan komme i direkte berøring med hud eller mundhule i længere tid hos mennesker, forbudt, hvis de er farvet med følgende azofarvestoffer:
According to Stat. Ord. 755 of 15.08.2003 import and sale of textile and leather goods which can get into direct contact with the skin or oral cavity for a longer period at humans is banned if they are dyed with the following azo-dyes:
Ny rapport undersøger skadelige flammehæmmere i produkter til børn
Chlorinated phosphorous-based flame retardants in children's articles containing foam
Kortlægning og sundhedsmæssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer i sexcreme (pleasure gel)
Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in pleasure gel
Kortlægningen fokuserer på sexcremer, der lover en effekt ud over glideegenskaber og/eller smag og duft.
The survey is focussed on pleasure gels that promise an effect in excess of a glide effect, flavour and/or fragrance.
Der er identificeret 26 sexcremer, 1 glidecreme og 10 erotiske massageolier/massagecremer.
There have been identified 26 pleasure gels, 1 glide lubricant and 10 erotic massage oils/massage creams.
22 produkter er analyseret for indhold af flygtige, organiske komponenter og visse parfumestoffer.
22 products were analysed for the content of volatile, organic components and perfumes.
Desuden er der lavet sundheds- og eksponeringsvurderinger for indholdet af 7 stoffer.
Health and exposure assessment have been made for 7 substances in the products.
Vurderingen viser, at der for et produkt var en sundhedsmæssig risiko pga indhold af phenoxyethanol, og at 25 % af de analyserede produkter indeholder stoffer, som kan være allergifremkaldende.
The assessments showed that the content of phenoxyethanol in one product may cause health effects and 25 % of the products contains substances which might cause allergies.
Kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i tamponer
Mapping of Chemical Substances from Tampons
Jane Pors, cand. scient René Fuhlendorff, cand.
Jane Pors, MSc René Fuhlendorff, MSc
MILJØ-KEMI, Dansk Miljø Center A/S fik i september 2001 til opgave at udføre et projekt fra Miljøstyrelsen med titlen:
September 2001 MILJØ-KEMI, Dansk Miljø Center A/S was assigned to carry out a project from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency titled:
3 Kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i tamponer
3 Mapping of Chemical Substances in Tampons
Projektet er en del af en større undersøgelse af forskellige forbrugerprodukter med hovedtitlen:
The project is part of a larger investigation of different consumer products titled:
4 Kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i forbrugerprodukter
4 Mapping of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products
Miljøstyrelsen havde formuleret et projekt oplæg (8. august 2001, HSHA/12), som blev udgangspunktet for indholdet og omfanget af projektet.
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency had prepared a project proposal (8 August 2001, HSHA/12) that formed the background for contents and scope of the project.
Miljøstyrelsen er interesseret i en kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i tamponer, da det er forbrugerprodukter, der har direkte kontakt til slimhinder.
The background for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency's investigation is that tampons represent consumer products that are in direct contact with the mucous membrane.
Endvidere sker eksponeringen ofte gennem længere tid.
Furthermore, the exposure often occurs over a period of time.
Projektleder hos Miljøstyrelsen var Henriette Seiler Hansen og Anette Ejersted.
Project leaders for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency were Henriette Seiler Hansen and Anette Ejersted.
Produkterne, der indgår i projektet, er anonymiseret i denne rapport.
The products included in this report have been made anonymous.