natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det er ikke vanskeligt at få budskabet om et nyt kursus ud.
It is not difficult to get the message about a new course out.
Opholdet på virksomhederne er en meget stor del af uddannelsen.
A trainee period at companies is a very important element of the training.
Frafald og flaskehalse
Dropping out and bottlenecks
Torben Jürgensen beskriver de hidtidige forløb for en typisk årgang således: "Det har indtil nu været sådan, at omkring 160 egnede unge mennesker har tilmeldt sig de faglige uddannelser i bygge- og anlægsfagene, knapt 20 % af en årgang.
Torben Jürgensen describes what has usually happened in a typical year: "What has happened up to the present time is that about 160 suitable young people register for the vocational training schemes in the building and construction trades - that is almost 20 per cent of potential students in a school year.
En af flaskehalsene er, at man skal have en aftale om praktikplads før uddannelsesstart.
One of the bottlenecks is that there has to be an agreement on a practical training place before the course starts.
Det har været forholdsvis gratis for arbejdsgiveren at have de unge mennesker det første år, da deres løn blev refunderet af en arbejdsgiverindbetalingsfond.
It is relatively cheap for an employer to have a young person for the first year because his or her wages are refunded by an employers' contribution fund.
I løbet af det år finder man så ud af, om man kan begå sig.
During that year, one can see whether the young person can cope with the job.
Inden for de første to måneder falder op til 40 ud af uddannelserne.
"Up to 40 young persons drop out of the courses in the first two months.
Så frafaldet i de faglige uddannelser i bygge og anlæg de sidste tre år er relativt lille."
So the drop-out rate on the vocational training courses in the final three years is relatively low."
Forsøg med uddannelse af voksenlærlinge afvikles i Sisimiut og Nuuk.
A pilot training scheme for adult apprentices is in progress in Sisimiut (Holsteinborg) and Nuuk (Godthåb).
Denne ordning blev startet i Sisimiut i 1999.
This scheme was started in Sisimiut in1999.
Center for Arktisk Teknologi står der på et skilt ved indgangen til Bygge- og Anlægsskolen i Sisimiut.
At the entrance to the Building and Construction School in Sisimiut stands a sign bearing the words "Centre for Arctic Technology".
Her uddannes bygningsingeniører med speciale i arktisk teknologi.
This is where building engineers specialise in Arctic technology.
Det var drømmen, at halvdelen var danskere og halvdelen var grønlændere på den uddannelse til arktisk ingeniør, der startede i september 2001.
It was hoped that half the people on the Arctic engineering course that started in September 2001 would be Danes, and half would be Greenlanders.
Imidlertid var der kun en enkelt dansker, der er interesseret i at få denne ekstra specialisering i arktisk teknologi.
However, only a single Dane was interested in this extra specialisation in Arctic engineering.
Bygningsingeniør i Grønland
Building engineer in Greenland
De sidste to år af ingeniørstudiet foregår på Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) i Lyngby ved København.
The last two years of the course for building engineers are spent at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in Lyngby near Copenhagen.
Den sidste del af denne periode er et speciale.
The students specialise in the last part of this period.
Vælger man speciale i arktisk teknologi, kan specialet udføres i Sisimiut.
Students wanting to specialise in Arctic engineering, can do this part of the course in Sisimiut.
Grunden til, at denne model er valgt, er, at det har knebet gevaldigt overhovedet at få grønlandske unge til at læse til ingeniører i Danmark.
It may seem strange that this course of education is not turned around, with the students taking the basic course at DTU in Lyngby and the specialised course in Sisimiut.
Ved at lade grunduddannelsen og praktikperioden foregå i Grønland, vurderede initiativgruppen, at der var større mulighed for at få grønlandske studerende.
The reason for choosing the model actually used is the immense difficulty in getting young Greenlanders to study for an engineering degree in Denmark.
Dermed er der større chance for, at de grønlandske studerende kan finde ud af, om dette studium er noget for dem. Så er det i hvert fald ikke det, at de kommer til et totalt nyt miljø, der bliver afgørende for, om de fuldfører studiet.
The people behind the course thought it would be more likely to attract Greenlandic students if the basic course and practical training took place in Greenland, and the students thus had a better chance of finding out whether this course of education was right for them.
Matematikundervisningen varetages fast af lærere fra Bygge- og Anlægsskolen.
The education is very much based on teachers from Denmark holding intensive twoweek courses in Sisimiut.
Men Egil Borchersen håber, at der vil være flere studerende, der starter til næste år.
Nine people are hardly enough to create a university milieu, but Egil Borchersen hopes that there will be more students next year.
I Sisimiut uddanner man hverken ITingeniører eller stærkstrømsingeniører mv.
Sisimiut University does not offer IT engineering or heavy current engineering courses.
Der skal man til Danmark eller andre steder.
For these courses, people have to go to Denmark or somewhere else.
Men sammenlignet med universitetet i Nuuk (Godthåb), så er der ikke flere teologer i gang end ved uddannelsen af ingeniører i Sisimiut.
However, there are, for example, no more theology students at Nuuk University than engineering students at Sisimiut University.
Det er i det hele taget kun inden for uddannelsen af administratorer i Grønland, at der er relativt mange studerende, omkring 30.
In fact, in Greenland only the course of education for administrators has relatively many students - 30 at present.
Det næste, der helst skulle ske, er, at der bevilges midler til nogle projektansatte, der knyttes til stedet i en årrække og dermed kan være med til at skabe et egentligt forsknings og universitetsmiljø.
What should preferably happen next is for funds to be made available for some project staff that would be attached to the centre for a number of years and thus be able to help create a real research and university milieu.
Forskning fortrinsvis i de specielle påvirkninger, bygninger og anlæg er udsat for i Arktis.
Research should focus mainly on the special impacts to which buildings and public works are subjected in the Arctic.
Det vil sige permafrosten, som skubber til fundamenterne, og det ekstreme arktiske klima, som påvirker den øvrige huskrop.
That means the permafrost, which pushes foundations, and the extreme Arctic climate, which affects the rest of buildings.
Det barske arktiske klima tærer hårdt på mange byggematerialer på grund af materialernes fugtindhold.
The harsh Arctic climate has a devastating effect on many building materials because of their moisture content.
Dette gælder især for betonkonstruktioner.
This applies particularly to concrete structures.
De boliger, der er bygget i Grønland gennem de seneste 40 år, er typisk bygget efter dansk/norsk byggeskik.
Most of the housing built in Greenland in the last 40 years has been built in accordance with Danish/Norwegian building traditions.
Et spændende projekt kunne være at udforske, hvordan en bolig, der var ideelt tilpasset grønlandske forhold, ville se ud.
It would be exciting to explore how a house perfectly adapted to conditions in Greenland would look.
Dette sidste er allerede afprøvet i fuld skala med tre forsøgsanlæg på tagene af nogle af kollegiebygningerne, hvor de studerende fra Bygge- og Anlægsskolen bor.
Full-scale tests of solar energy have already been carried out with three experimental installations on the roofs of some of the hostels for students at the Building and Construction School.
Resultaterne viser, at der på årsbasis er lige så megen solenergi at hente som i Danmark.
The results show that the sun gives off more energy in Greenland than in Denmark.
Efter sigende er Grønland på mange af disse områder nået så langt, at de grønlandske erfaringer især på det uddannelsesmæssige område vil kunne danne skole for andre dele af Arktis.
It is said that in many of these fields and particularly within education, Greenland has achieved so much that it could act as a model for other parts of the Arctic.
Et afgørende forhold for udviklingen af tuberkulose er, hvor tæt man bor.
The critical factors for the development of tuberculosis is how close together people live, the hygiene.
Men måske vigtigst er det at holde øje med sygdommen, for den kan ikke udryddes.
At the end of the Second World War, tuberculosis was a gigantic problem.
Man fik skibet "Misigssut" for at kunne opspore nye TBtilfælde.
The operation succeeded - fewer patients died!
Det kraftige fald skyldtes en kombination af vaccinationer og hurtig opsporing af nye tilfælde.
In the same period, more effective treatment became available in the form of antibiotics, including streptomycin.
Flere og flere bedre boliger
More and better homes
I de seneste år har der imidlertid været udbrud af tuberkulose i Kullorsuaq i Upernavik distrikt, i Uummannaq distrikt, i Nanortalik, Narsaq og Qagortoq (Julianehåb).
In the last few years, however, there have been outbreaks of tuberculosis in Kullorsuaq in Upernavik district, in Uummannaq district, and in Nanortalik, Narsaq and Qagortoq.
Jeg spurgte Gunnar Pallisgaard, speciallæge i lungemedicinske sygdomme i Nuuk, om det er umuligt at komme tuberkulosen til livs.
I asked Gunnar Pallisgaard, a specialist in pulmonary diseases in Nuuk, whether it was impossible to eradicate tuberculosis.
"TB-epidemien i Kullorsuaq kom til syne i 1994. 20 tilfælde blandt 300 mennesker.
Gunnar Pallisgaard replied, "The TB epidemic in Kullorsuaq appeared in 1994 - 20 cases among 300 people.
Er der først en sådan hyppighed som i Kullorsuaq, er der god mulighed for, at den breder sig.
With an incidence like that, there is every likelihood of the epidemic spreading - mainly perhaps because of the number of people living in each houses.
Ove Rosing Olsen gennemførte et projekt, hvor hygiejnen blev forbedret, dumpen blev udbedret, der blev bygget flere huse og først og fremmest et servicehus, der fik navnet "Prins Henrik".
Ove Rosing Olsen carried out a project that included improving the general standard of hygiene, repairing the local dump, building more houses and, first and foremost, building a service centre, which was called "Prins Henrik".
Både i Danmark og i Grønland kom faldet i TB med bedre boligforhold, bedre institutioner, bedre sociale forhold.
In both Denmark and Greenland, the fall in TB came with better housing conditions, better institutions and better social conditions.
Alt sammen faktorer der er medvirkende til at befolkningens almindelige modstandskraft mod tuberkulosen bliver forbedret.
All these factors helped to improve the population's general resistance to tuberculosis.
Et sundt immunsystem i en sund krop
A healthy immune system in a healthy body
Derpå begynder man at danne antistoffer og kan bekæmpe sygdommen.
At that point, the person begins to form antibodies and can fight the disease.
Man kan have hvilende former, således at man er smittet men ikke har nogen sygdomssymptomer.
One can have an inactive form of the disease, which means that, although infected, there are no symptoms.
Hvis man senere bliver svækket af andre grunde, kan sygdommen bryde igennem som lungetuberkulose, eller tuberkulose andre steder i kroppen.
If a person later becomes weakened for other reasons, the disease can break out as pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculosis in other parts of the body.
Sundhedsvæsenet i Grønland har ikke haft de bedste betingelser de sidste 10-15 år.
The public health service in Greenland has not had the best of conditions in the past 10-15 years.
En del af sundhedspersonalet har været ansat i korte perioder.
Some health personnel have been employed on short-term contracts.
De har ikke haft overskud til at tage sig af TB.
They have not had sufficient reserves of energy to worry about TB.
Derfor er det af stor betydning, at embedslægen får anmeldt alle nye tilfælde af TB.
It is therefore very important for the Medical Officer of Health to be notified of all new cases of TB.
Tuberkulosen vil fortsætte
Tuberculosis will continue
Mens influenza og mæslinger har udbrud, der varer uger, kan TB tage mange år.
Whereas outbreaks of influenza and measles last for weeks, outbreaks of TB can go on for years.
Der er et samspil mellem på den ene side TB-bakterien og på den anden side vaccine og antibiotika.
There is some form of interaction between the TB bacterium and vaccine and antibiotics.
Der er stærkt varierende beskyttelse ved vaccination (fra 0-80%).
The protection provided by vaccination varies greatly (from 0-80%).
Der er stigende forekomst af tuberkulosebakterier, der er resistent over for mange antibiotika.
A very worrying development is the growing incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
Således er der lang vej at gå endnu før sygdommen er udryddet.
There is therefore a long way to go before the disease is eradicated.
Der er også høj forekomst af "andre hjerte-sygdomme".
Myths and opinions on public health in greenland
Men det ser ud til, at der er en lav forekomst af blodprop i hjertet blandt grønlændere.
Looking at the overall picture, we find a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases among Inuits than in Western Europe and the USA.
Man har selvfølgelig en masse formodninger om, hvordan det kan påvirke mennesker.
One consequence of this is an increased incidence of diabetes.
Men dels er det formodninger og dels er det på marginalerne, det påvirker menneskene.
"No health problems that can be attributed to environmental impacts have been recorded in Greenland," says Peter Bjerregaard.
Det er muligt, at fx den høje belastning med POP´er har en eller anden virkning på immunsystemet, så folk lettere får infektionssygdomme.
"There are naturally a lot of suppositions about how such impacts affect people, but, firstly, they are only suppositions and, secondly, it is on the marginals that they affect people.
Men at folk bor tæt sammen i boliger af dårlig kvalitet, ved man jo har kæmpe indflydelse på forekomsten af infektionssygdomme."
It is possible, for example, that the high Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) impacts have some effect or other on the immune system so that people more easily acquire infectious diseases.
Peter Bjerregaard er professor i arktisk sundhed og arbejder til daglig på Statens Institut for Folkesundhed (SIF).
However, it is also well-known, of course, that living in overcrowded conditions in poor housing has an enormous effect on the incidence of infectious diseases."
Peter Bjerregaard pointerer, at man indtil videre ikke har kunnet se, at miljøbelastningen med tungmetaller og POP´er har ført til flere syge i den grønlandske befolkning.
Peter Bjerregaard stresses that there have been no signs so far that the environmental impact with heavy metals and POPs has led to more cases of illness among the population of Greenland.
"Det er rimeligt nagelfast, at befolkningen tager på", svarer Peter Bjerregaard.
"It is reasonably well proven that the population is gaining in weight", replies Peter Bjerregaard.
Det viste sig, at mens mændene ikke har taget på, har kvinderne på to år i gennemsnit taget et kilo på.
The comparison showed that men had not gained in weight, but that women had put on an average of one kilo in two years.
Mens man tydeligt kan konstatere, at kvinderne tager på, er der forskellige tendenser for mænd og for kvinder.
Although it is clear that women are gaining in weight, there are different trends for men and women.
Det samme har man fundet blandt inuitter i Canada.
The same situation has been found among Inuits in Canada.
I Danmark er det generelt i den laveste socialgruppe, at folk både mænd og kvinder er fedest.
In Denmark, both men and women are generally most overweight in the lowest social group that.
Skræmmebilledet fra Alaska
Omens from Alaska
Antallet af fangere er gået ned gennem de senere år.
The number of hunters has fallen in recent years.
Det er noget af det mest kaloriekrævende at være fanger i et koldt klima med hårdt fysisk arbejde.
At the same time, it is the hunters and people out in the settlements that complain most of rheumatic pains and aching joints.
Der er en pris at betale for at bo i bygderne.
That is the price paid for living in a settlement instead of a town.
Ændringerne i livsstil viser den samme tendens hele vejen rundt om polkalotten.
The changes in lifestyle show the same trend all the way round the Ice Cap.
"Det er ikke engang så udtalt i Grønland, som det er i Alaska", siger Peter Bjerregaard.
"The changes are not yet as pronounced in Greenland as in Alaska," says Peter Bjerregaard.
"Eskimoerne i Alaska er mere amerikaniserede i deres livsstil, så de bruger mere tid foran fjernsynet og de kører rundt på snescootere og terrængående køretøjer, bare de skal i byen.
"The Eskimos in Alaska are more Americanised in their lifestyle, so they spend more time in front of the television and ride round on snow scooters and all-terrain vehicles, even when they are only going into town.
Inden for en lille bygd kan de sagtens finde på at bruge snescooter, bare de skal et par hundrede meter.
Incredibly, in a small settlement, people will even use a snow scooter to go a hundred metres down the road.
Grønlænderne går meget mere, og der er også mere sund kropskultur."
Greenlanders walk much more, and there is also a healthier attitude to physical exercise."
Men sundhedstilstanden i Alaska kan bruges som forvarsel for, hvor udviklingen kan være på vej hen i Grønland.
However, the public health situation in Alaska can be used as a forewarning of the direction the trend can take in Greenland.
I Alaska er der sket en firdobling af tilfælde af diabetes (sukkersyge) i løbet af 20 år.
In Alaska, cases of diabetes have quadrupled in 20 years.
Der er også sket en stigning i Grønland, dog ikke så voldsom som i Alaska.
There has also been an increase in Greenland, but not as big as in Alaska.
"Vi har de sidste par år målt sukkerindholdet i blodet, som er den bedste måde at stille diagnosen diabetes på.
"In the last couple of years we have been measuring the blood sugar level, which is the best way of diagnosing diabetes.
Vi undersøgte cirka 1000 grønlændere, og har fundet en høj forekomst af diabetes."
We have tested about 1,000 Greenlanders and have found a high incidence of diabetes."
Det viste sig, at 10% af de undersøgte grønlændere over 35 år havde diabetes.
The tests have shown that 10% of the tested Greenlanders over the age of 35 have diabetes.
Dette er på niveau med eller højere end i Danmark.
This is at the same level, or higher, than in Denmark.
Det ser ud til, at der er en meget lav forekomst af blodprop i hjertet, mens det er en helt anden historie med de andre hjertekarsygdomme.
Looking at a list of cardiovascular diseases, there appears to be a very low incidence of cardiac thrombosis, but it is a different story altogether with the other forms of cardiovascular disease.
Det er lidt kompliceret og bliver ikke mindre kompliceret, hvis man ser historisk på det.
It is a bit complicated and becomes no less complicated when one looks at the historical picture.
Går vi lidt tilbage i historien ser det ud til, at der har været en tradition i Canada og Grønland som har sagt - alt sammen på anekdotisk baggrund - at der har været nogenlunde samme forekomst af blodprop i hjertet blandt inuitter som blandt den øvrige befolkning.
Going slightly back in time, it seems to have been traditionally held in Canada and Greenland - all based anecdotally - that the incidence of cardiac thrombosis among Inuits is the same as in the rest of the population.
I Alaska har der været en anden lægelig tradition, der har sagt, at næsten ingen inuitter har haft blodprop i hjertet.
In Alaska, there used to be a different medical tradition, according to which almost no Inuits suffered from cardiac thrombosis.
Om nogen af disse anekdotiske overleveringer overhovedet er andet end grebet ud af luften, er vanskeligt at sige på nuværende tidspunkt.
It is difficult at the present time to decide whether there is any real basis for either tradition.
Men i 1960´erne tog den amerikanske tradition over og siden har det heddet sig, at der har været en meget lav forekomst af blodprop i hjertet.
However, in the 1960s, the American tradition took over, and since then it has been said that there is a very low incidence of cardiac thrombosis.
Men der er stadig ikke noget, der underbygger det.
All the same, there is still nothing that substantiates this assertion.
Nu om dage er det i Grønland få dødsattester, der bliver skrevet blodprop i hjertet på.
Nowadays, few death certificates in Greenland give cardiac thrombosis as the cause of death.
Men når man lever i en tradition, hvor man "ved", at det ikke er særligt hyppigt, at blodprop i hjertet optræder blandt grønlændere, så skriver lægen det nødigt på dødsattesten.
However, with the tradition of "knowing" that the incidence of cardiac thrombosis in Greenlanders is not very high, few doctors want to put that cause of death on a death certificate.
Der er en selvformindskende virkning.
There is a self-reducing effect at work.
Det er kun ved drab, at der af retslægelige årsager foretages obduktion.
Only in cases of murder or manslaughter is one carried out for forensic reasons.
Summa summarum så ved vi ikke med sikkerhed, i hvor høj grad hjertekarsygdomme har været årsag til døden.
However, it does seem that there is a low incidence of cardiac thrombosis among Greenlanders, even though that has not been definitively proven.
Livsstil og helbred
Lifestyle and health
I de livsstilsundersøgelser, Peter Bjerregaard har været med til, har man spurgt folk om, hvordan de selv vurderede deres helbredstilstand.
In the lifestyle studies in which Peter Bjerregaard has participated, people were asked for their own evaluation of their state of health.
"De sagde om sig selv, at de havde et dårligt helbred med gigt og andre gener fra arme, ben og ryg."
They said that their health was poor and that they suffered from rheumatism and other problems with their arms, legs and back."
Det samme billede ser man i Danmark, når man sammenligner livet på landet med livet i byerne.
One sees the same picture in Denmark when comparing life in rural areas with urban life.
Der er ikke nogen sociale forskelle i, hvem der ryger.
There are no social differences between smokers and nonsmokers.
Mens det ifølge statistikken tidligere var sådan, at folk i Grønland i gennemsnit drak dobbelt så meget som folk i Danmark, er forbruget af alkohol nu gået meget ned.
According to the statistics, people in Greenland used to drink, on average, twice as much as people in Denmark, but alcohol consumption has now fallen considerably and is now only slightly higher than the average consumption in Denmark.
Indtagelsen af alkohol i Grønland ligger nu en lille smule over det gennemsnitlige danske forbrug.
Peter Bjerregaard offers this explanation for the reduction: "It was always Danes that drank most in Greenland.
Peter Bjerregaard har denne forklaring på nedgangen: "Det har altid været sådan, at dem der drak mest i Grønland, var danskere.
So one of the reasons why alcohol consumption has fallen in Greenland is that fewer Danes are stationed there now.
Men endnu vigtigere, at der er ved at ske en holdningsændring i befolkningen."
However, more important still is the fact that attitudes are changing in the population."
Der er sociale forskelle på drikkeriet i Grønland.
There are social differences in the pattern of drinking in Greenland.
Men det er lidt vanskeligt at beskrive drikkemønsteret i Grønland, fordi det er så episodisk, måske hver fjortende dag, hvis du får fjortendagsløn, måske hver måned, hvis du får månedsløn.
However, it is a little difficult to describe the pattern because the drinking is so spasmodic - perhaps every fortnight in the case of those paid fortnightly and perhaps every month in the case of those paid monthly.