natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I Tabel 4.5 er det forsøgt at give et overblik over i hvilke prøver de forskellige stofkomponenter optræder i afgasningen og inden for hvilke stofgrupper.
In Table 4.5 Results from GC/MS-headspace screening, we have tried to list in which samples the different substances appear in the volatile emission and in which groups of substances.
Lavtkogende svovlholdige stoffer og gasarter
Low boiling sulphur containing
Aromatiske aminer og phenoler
Aromatic amines and phenols
Tallene angiver en relativ fordeling af toppene i chromatogrammerne.
Minor volatile hydrocarbon emission from all the samples was also seen.
Den ene fraktion er isomere af dodecylbenzen, mens den anden fraktion er isomere af butyleret dodecylbenzen.
One fraction was isomers of dodecyl benzene while the other fraction was isomers of butylated dodecyl benzene.
De isomere dodecylbenzener synes primært at være forgrenet omkring den benzyliske position.
The isomeric dodecyl benzenes seem primarily to be branched around the benzylic position.
Som supplement til inddelingen efter en skala fra 1-5 som er sket ud fra antal counts pr. chromatografisk top, er der foretaget en kvantitativ/semikvantitativ bestemmelse af afgasningsniveauet for et repræsentativt udvalg af de stoffer der er detekteret i screeningsanalysen.
To supplement the ranking on a scale from 1-5 which was made on the basis of the number of counts per chromatographic peak, the volatile emission level was determined semi-quantitatively for a representative range of the substances detected in the screening analysis.
Resultaterne fremgår af Tabel 4.6.
The results appear from Table 4.6.
Tabel 4.6 Afgasningsniveauer fra gummiprøver opvarmet 2 timer ved 100 °C Komponent
Table 4.6 Volatile emission levels from rubber samples heated for 2 hours at 100°C Component
De generelle afgasningsniveauer af øvrige forbindelser må vurderes til at være omkring 1 µg/g (1 ppm) eller lavere.
The general volatile emission levels for other compounds are considered to be about 1µg/g (1ppm) or lower.
Dog anvendes thiuramer ved fremstilling af de svovlmodificerede chloroprentyper til at styre indbygningen af svovl.
The lower quantisising limit is due to the chromatography of dibutylamine being better than diethylamine.
Det er kendt både fra litteraturen (Rubber Fume, R. Badura) og fra Teknologisk Instituts egne undersøgelser at termisk nedbrydning af thiuramdisulfider fører til dannelse af carbonylsulfid, carbondisulfid, sekundære aminer, urinstoffer og thiourinstoffer, isothiocyanater og formamider.
We know from literature (Rubber Fume, R. Badura) and well as from the Technological Institute's own studies that thermal breakdown of thiuram disulphides leads to the formation of carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, secondary amines, ureas, thiourea substances, isothiocyanates and formamides.
Tilsvarende må det forventes at isothiocyanterne ved reaktion med zinkoxid kan omdannes til isocyanater.
Similarly, it has to be expected that the isothiocyantes can be transformed into isocyanates when reacting with zinc oxide.
Antiældningsmidler kan give anledning til dannelse af ketoner.
Anti-aging agents can result in the formation of ketones.
Det vides også at der kan ske afgasning af anilin fra gummivulkanisater.
It is a fact that volatile emission of aniline can also occur from rubber vulkanisates.
Det kan stamme fra antiældningsmidler.
This may originate from anti-aging agents.
Niveauet af afgasning fra chloroprenprodukterne i nærværende undersøgelse er ikke højere end det Teknologisk Institut har konstateret for andre gummityper end chloropren (hovedsagelig EPDM).
The level of volatile emission does not exceed the level found by the Technological Institute for types of rubber other than chloroprene (primarily EPDM).
4.3.3 GC/MS-analysen på ekstrakt
4.3.3 GC/MS analysis of extracts
Nedenfor er angivet resultatet af GC/MS-screeningen af dichlormethan-/ isopropanolekstrakterne fra de undersøgte prøver af chloroprenprodukter.
The results of the GC/MS screening of the dichloromethane/isopropanol extracts from the chloroprene product samples studied are indicated below.
Til forskel fra GC/MS-headspaceanalyserne er der i denne analyse tale om bestemmelse af stoffer i selve produktet.
In this case the GC/MS analysis has been performed directly on extract from the rubber products.
Aromatiske aminer og phenoler Anilin
Formamide derivates Dibutylformamide
Antallet af identificerede stofkomponenter er dog væsentligt lavere.
The number of identified substance components, however, is significantly lower.
Metoden har det fortrin at den giver supplerende oplysninger om tungtflygtige komponenter i form af blødgøringsmidler og antiældningsmidler.
The advantage of this method is that it provides us with additional information about the slightly more volatile components in the form of plasticisers and anti-aging agents.
Mængderne i 1 og 3 er på sporniveau hvorimod koncentrationerne i nr. 7 (dykkerhandsker) er væsentlig over sporniveau.
The amounts in 1 and 3 were at trace level whereas concentrations in no. 7 (dive gloves) were significantly above trace level.
I prøve 1 er der tale om spor, mens der er mængder væsentligt over sporniveau i prøve 3 (dykkerhandsker) og nr. 5 (dykkersokker).
Sample 1 involved traces whereas the amounts in sample 3 (dive gloves) and no. 5 (dive socks) exceeded the trace level significantly.
Det har ikke været muligt at analysere for chlorparaffiner i prøverne på grund af indhold af blødgørere i form af mineralske olier.
It was not possible to analyse the samples for chlorinated paraffines due to the content of plasticisers in the form of mineral oils.
Omvendt tyder det meget lave indhold af chlor i røntgenscreeningen ikke på at der indgår chlorparaffiner i produkterne.
However, the very low content of chlorine in the x-ray screening indicated that chlorinated paraffines were not present in the products.
Selv i de få prøver hvor chlorindholdet nærmer sig det forventede niveau for en typisk chloroprenrecept, er indholdet ikke så højt at der vil være særlig mistanke om indhold af chlorparaffiner.
Even in the few samples where the chlorine content approached the expected level for a typical chloroprene recipe, the content was not so high that the presence of chlorinated paraffines could be suspected.
Der er fundet ODPA som er et antiældningsmiddel i alle prøver på nær prøven af handsker nr. 3.
DOPA, which is an anti-aging agent, was found in all the samples, except in the dive glove sample no. 3.
Resultaterne af TLC-screeningerne er vist i Tabel 4.8.
The results of the TLC screenings are indicated in Table 4.8.
Metoden har været benyttet til at screene for indhold af antiældningsmidler og ETU (ethylenthiourinstof).
This method was used to screen for content of anti-aging agents and ETU (ethylene thio urea).
Tabel 4.8 Resultaterne af TLC-screeningerne Standarder
Table 4.8 Results of TLC screenings Standards
Dykkersokker Premium neoprene waders
Dive socks Premium neoprene waders
En stjerne * betyder at TLC-metoden ikke kan skelne mellem ODPA og Bisdiphenylamin.
A start (*) means that the TLC method cannot distinguish ODPA from bisdiphenylamine.
Når plus er sat på ODPA, skyldes det at det er denne stofkomponent GC/MS verificerer i prøverne.
When "+" is indicated in the ODPA column, it is because this is the substance component verified by GC/MS in the samples.
Det er ved den tyndtlagschromatografiske screening bekræftet at der er tilsat antiældningsmidler i form af enten ODPA eller bisdiphenylamin (reference A og B).
The thin layer chromatographic screening verified that anti-aging agents in the form of ODPA or bisdiphenylamine (references A and B) had been added.
Der var positivt fund af ODPA i GC/MS-analysen for de samme produkter hvor det var konstateret ved TLC-screening og yderligere i prøve nr. 5.
TLC screening will probably have to be performed for a more concentrated sample of no. 5 to obtain a positive screening result for this sample.
For prøve 2 (underbensbeskyttelse), prøve 7 (dykkerhandsker) og prøve 8 (dykkerdragt) er der positivt resultat for IPPD.
For sample no. 2 (lower leg protector), sample no. 7 (dive gloves) and sample no. 8 (dive suit) the IPPD result was positive.
Koncentrationsniveauet for disse antiældningsmidler er væsentligt lavere end for ODPA og er næppe over 0,1 % w/w.
The concentration levels for these anti agening agents were significantly lower than for ODPA and hardly exceeds 0.1% w/w.
Der er ikke konstateret tilstedeværelse af ETU i en eneste af prøverne under screeningen.
ETU was not found in any of the samples during screening.
Det er kendt fra litteraturen at ETU under vulkaniseringsprocessen af chloropren omdannes til dets tilsvarende urinstof (uden svovl) (Röthenmeyer).
It is known from literature that ETU is transformed during the vulcanisation process into its corresponding urea (without sulphur) (Röthenmeyer).
Foto 4-1 Eksempel på TLC i elueringssystem II af referencestoffer og ekstrakter af prøver efter fremkaldelse med jod.
Photo 4.1 Example of TLC in eluation system II of reference substances and extracts of samples after development using iodine.
Efter aftale med Miljøstyrelsen er følgende produkter udvalgt til yderligere migrationsundersøgelse:
According to agreement with the National Agency of Environmental Protection, the following products were selected for further migration investigation:
Tabel 5.1 Udvalgte produkter Produktbetegnelse
Figure 5.1 Selected products Product designation
Prøve 6 har et ganske lavt chlorindhold i forhold til standardrecepturer, og prøve 7 har som tidligere nævnt et chlorindhold på sporniveau selv om disse dykkerhandsker som allerede tidligere nævnt markedsføres som neopren og dermed chloroprenbaserede handsker.
The chlorine content of sample 6 was quite low in relation to standard formularies and sample 7 had, as previously mentioned, a chlorine content at trace level even though these dive gloves are marketed as neoprene and thus chloroprene-based gloves.
Da det ud fra screeningsanalyserne kunne forudses at de koncentrationer af organiske stoffer der skulle bestemmes ved korttidseksponeringer i migrationsanalyserne, ville være meget lave, blev det besluttet at vælge to af produkterne ud til indledende tests.
It was decided to select two of the products for the initial tests since, based on the screening analyses, the concentrations of organic substances to be determined by short-term exposures were expected to be very low.
Valget faldt på prøve nummer 1 (knæbandage) og prøve 6 (waders).
Sample no. 1 (knee bandage) and sample no. 6 (waders) were selected.
Knæbandagen blev valgt da den repræsenterede et typisk chloroprenprodukt, og fordi temperaturen under sportsudøvelse måtte forventes at blive forholdsvis høj.
The knee bandage was selected because it represents a typical chloroprene product and because the temperature is expected to be relatively high when the user is engaged in sport activities.
For prøve 6 var der konstateret et relativt højt indhold af toluen i forhold til de øvrige prøver ved headspaceanalysen.
For sample 6, the headspace analysis had identified a relatively high content of toluene in relation to the other samples, and waders represented a product with low chlorine content.
Følgende eksponeringsbetingelser blev valgt ud for de to produkter:
The following exposure conditions were selected for the two products:
Tabel 5.2 Eksponeringsbetingelser Produkt
Figure 5.2 Exposure conditions Product
Prøvenummer Eksponeringstid timer
Sample number Exposure time, hours
Eksponeringstemperaturen er sat til normal legemestemperatur hvilket må betragtes som en forholdsvis høj temperatur i forhold til normal hudtemperatur.
The GC/MS analysis conditions used on the chromatograph were the same as those used for the screening analysis of extracts.
Der foretages opkoncentrering ved Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) i headspacen, og denne desorberes ved analysen.
Concentration was carried out by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) in the headspace which was desorbed at the analysis.
Herefter fjernes gummiet fra kontaktmediet efter at være udsat for en pumpende fysisk belastning (”massering”).
The rubber was then removed from the contact medium after it had been exposed to a physical, pumping load ("massaging").
Påvirkningen har til formål at pumpe kontaktmediet ud af selve gummiet før analysen.
The purpose of this load was to pump the contact medium out of the rubber before the analysis.
Efter fjernelse af gummiet ekstraheres kontaktmediet med dichlormethan.
When the rubber was removed, the contact medium was extracted using dichloromethane.
Der foretages GC/MS-analyse direkte af ekstraktet.
A direct GC/MS analysis of the extract was performed.
Resultatet af analysearbejdet viser at der ikke opnås supplerende information fra SPME, og det vælges derfor at fortsætte analysearbejdet ved alene at analysere på dichlormethan ekstraktet.
The results of the analysis work showed that no additional information is obtained from SPME and it was therefore decided to continue the analysis work by analysing the dichloromethane extract alone.
Metode A: SPME-GC/MS
Method A: SPME-GC/MS
Der er fundet indhold af toluen i prøve 6 (waders).
Sample 6 (waders) was found to contain toluene.
I prøve 1 (knæbandage) kunne der ikke måles signifikante indhold af flygtige organiske komponenter.
No significant content of volatile organic components could be measured in sample 1 (knee bandage).
Metode B: GC/MS af dichlormethanekstrakterne
Method B: GC/MS of the dichloromethane extracts
Der er identificeret to forskellige stoffer i de undersøgte migrationsvæsker.
Two different substances were identified in the migration liquids studied.
Analyseresultaterne er gengivet i Tabel 5.3.
The results of the analysis are indicated in Table 5.3.
Tabel 5.3 Analyseresultater fra metode B
Table 5.3 Analysis results from method B
Nr. 1 (knæbandage) Nr. 6 (waders)
No. 1 (knee bandage) No. 6 (waders)
Identifikation er foretaget ved søgning i NIST MS-bibliotek.
Identification was carried out by searching in the NIST MS library.
Forsøgene er gennemført under forskellige kontaktbetingelser efter aftale med Miljøstyrelsen.
The actual migration analyses were initiated on the basis of the initial migration tests.
Forsøgene har først omfattet analyse for migrerende stoffer til simulanten enten i form af kunstig sved eller kunstigt havvand.
According to agreement with the National Agency of Environmental Protection, the tests were carried out under different contact conditions.
Det kunstige havvand er fremstillet efter en i litteraturen givet recept (Standard Methods).
First, the test involved an analysis of migrating substances to the simulant either in the form of artificial sweat or artificial sea water.
Efterfølgende er selve prøverne analyseret kvantitativt for indhold af migranterne efter ekstraktion med dichlormethan.
The artificial sea water was produced according to a recipe provided in literature (Standard Methods).
Resultaterne af forsøg og analyser fremgår af Tabel 5.4.
The results of tests and analyses are indicated in Table 5.4.
Aromatiske aminer og phenoler Phenol
Aromatic amines and phenols
Der er benyttet følgende eksponeringsbetingelser ved den anvendte migrationsmetode:
The following exposure conditions were used in the tests:
Nr. 1 Knæbandage: 37 °C, 2 timer, kunstig sved.
No. 1 Knee bandage: 37 °C, 2 hours, artificial sweat.
Nr. 6 Waders: 37 °C, 6 timer, kunstig sved
No. 6 Waders 37 °C, 6 hours, artificial sweat.
Nr. 4 Dykkerhætte, 28 ºC, 1½ time, kunstig havvand
No. 4 Dive hood, 28ºC, 1½ hours, artificial sea water.
Nr. 7 Dykkerhandsker: 28 °C, 1½ time, kunstig havvand
No. 7 Dive gloves: 28 °C, 1½ hours, artificial sea water.
Nr. 8 Dykkerdragt semivåd, 28 ºC, 1½ time, kunstig havvand
No. 8 Dive suit, semi-wet, 28ºC, 1½ hours, artificial sea water.
I tabellen er resultaterne angivet som migreret mængde pr. gram prøve og som migreret mængde pr. eksponeret areal.
In the table, the results are indicated as migrated amount per gram of sample and as migrated amount per exposed area.
Resultaterne er angivet som middelværdien af to bestemmelser.
The results are indicated as the mean value of two determinations.
Rådata findes i Bilag C.
Raw data are listed in Annex C.
Af tabellen ses at følgende stoffer er migreret:
The table shows that the following substances migrated:
• Isophoron fra dykkerdragten
• Isophorone from the dive suit
• Toluen fra waders
• Toluene from waders
• Phenol fra dykkerhandsker
• Phenol from dive gloves
• N,N,dimethylformamid fra knæbandage, dykkerhætte og dykkerdragt
• N,N-Dimethyl formamide from knee bandage, dive hood and dive
5.2.3 Kvantitative analyser af udvalgte stoffer i produkter
5.2.3 Quantitative analyses of selected substances in the products
Det er efterfølgende valgt at analysere kvantitativt for nogle af stofferne i produkterne.
It was subsequently decided to analyse quantitatively for some of the substances in the products.
Anilin er medtaget for at se i hvilket niveau stoffet forefindes i forhold til phenol.
Aniline was included to see to what extent the substance is present in relation to phenol.
Ved sammenligning af Tabel 5.4 med Tabel 5.5 ses det at der som forventet er overensstemmelse mellem de højeste koncentrationer i migrationstestene og i produkterne.
When comparing Table 5.4 with Table 5.5, the highest concentrations in the migration tests are consistent with those in the products.
Dette gælder således for:
Thus, this applies to:
• Toluen i waders
• Toluene i waders
• Phenol i handsker
• Phenol in gloves
• N,N-dimethylformamid i knæbandage
• N,N-dimethyl formamide in knee bandage
• N,N-diethylthiourea i waders.
• N,N diethylthiourea in waders
For at få en praksisnær vurdering af den reelle eksponering af potentielle migranter fra forbrugerprodukter i chloropren, indgår der et fuldskalaforsøg med erfaren fritidsdykker som afslutning på migrationsstudierne.
In order to be able to assess the exposure in "real life" of potential migrants from consumer products made of chloroprene, a full-scale test with an experienced sport diver was carried out to complete the migration studies.
Forsøget er gennemført ved dykning nær Marselisborg lystbådehavn, Århus hvor der er vanddybder op til 6-7 meter kort fra land.
The diving test was carried out near Marselisborg marina in Aarhus where the water is 6-7m deep near the shore.
Der blev dykket af to omgange onsdag den 19. november 2003.
The diver dived twice on Wednesday, 19th November 2003.
Af grafen ses betingelserne for det ene dykkerforløb.
The conditions for one of the dives appear from the graph.
Efter fasen med to gange dykning (65 minutter i alt) og ophold på land (90 minutter) blev dykkerdragten tømt for vand på stedet ved overførsel fra ærmer og ben til et rent bægerglas.
After the two-dive phase (65 minutes in total) and a break on shore (90 minutes), the dive suit was emptied of water on site by drawing it off from the sleeves and legs into a clean beaker.
Herfra blev vandet overført til rent glas med skruelåg.
The water was then poured into a clean glass with a screw cap.
Dykkerdragten blev sat til afdrypning over nat med et rent bægerglas under benene på dragten.
The water from the dive suit was then to run off overnight so a clean beaker was placed below each of the legs of the suit.
Dette afdryp blev kombineret med aftapningen på stedet.
The water that ran off was combined with the water drawn off on site.
Den samlede mængde vand udgjorde 155 ml.
The total amount of water was 155ml.
Der blev udtaget en prøve af havvandet som reference til migrationsanalysen.
A sample was taken of the sea water as reference for the migration analysis.
Endvidere konstateres det at den afgivne mængde pr. areal enhed for de stoffer der blev bestemt i laboratorieforsøget er mindre end 1 ng/cm
Further one realise that the measured migration levels of chemical substances calculated by area unit are less than 1 ng/cm
for alle stofferne i ”real life” eksperimentet.
for all substances in the “real life” experiment.
For de to stoffer der blev konstateret i laboratorieforsøget, nemlig Isophoron og N,N-dibutylformamid var resultaterne henholdsvis 11 ng/cm
For two substances i.e. isophoron and N,Ndibutylformamide the results from the laboratory exposures were 11 ng/cm
og 20 ng/cm
and 20 ng/cm
7.1 Screening for sundhedseffekter af de konstaterede stoffer i chloropren
7.1 Initial health screening of the identified substances in chloroprene rubber
Analysen blev gennemført ved at kombinere stoffernes CAS-numre med oplysninger fra listen over farlige stoffer og anden let tilgængelig litteratur.
In the initial assessment focus has been towards classification of the substances and potential health effects.
For stoffer der ikke er klassificeret, er der foretaget sammenligninger med klassificerede stoffer.
Further to a certain extent information from new investigations has been inclused in the assessment.
Hvor der er foretaget sammenligninger, er dette angivet med kursiv.
For substances not classified comparison has been made to classified substances.
Stoffets struktur ligner methylisocyanat, og det antages at ethyl- og methylforbindelsen har samme egenskaber.
Structure similar to methylisocyanate, and it is assumed that ethyland methyl- have similar properties.
Methenamin 100-97-0 F; R11 R42/43
100-97-0 F;R11 R42/43
Ligner diphenylamin med hensyn til grundstruktur.
Like diphenylamine in chemical base structure.
Er en aldehyd som butanal - dog med højere kogepunkt
Is an aldehyde like butanal - however, with higher boiling point
Mulighed for kræftfremkaldende effekt
Glycoles and derivates diethylenglycole
Ligner strukturmæssigt BHT der er moderat giftigt og allergifremkaldende (1)
Chemical structure similar to BHT which is moderate toxic and allergenic (1)
Er en butyleret 2-methoxyphenol
Is a butylated 2methoxyphenoll
Di-tert-buthylcresol
Di-tert-buthyl-cresol
Er buthyleret cresol.
Structure is butylated cresol.
Giftig og ætsende
Toxic and corrosive
Er en butyleret phenol og derfor vurderet at ligne phenol
Is a butylated phenole and is thus judged like phenol
Sundhedsskadelig og miljøfarlig
Harmful and dangerous for the environment
Irriterende Egen vurdering
Irritating Own assessment
Sensibiliserende MSTs vejledende liste
Sensitising DK-EPA consultative list
Datablad fra IUCLID
Data sheet from IUCLID
Principperne for vurderingen af sundhedsrisiko er baseret på EUs reviderede Technical Guidance Document (TGD) for risikovurderinger.
For calculation of the of the human uptake the following exposure areas are assumed:
Optagelse (µg/kg pr. dag) = påvirket hudareal (cm
The uptake is calculated by: Uptake (g/kg per day) = exposed skin area (cm
Endvidere er det forudsat at 100 % af stoffet optages.
Further, it is assumed that 100 % of the substance is absorbed.
Resultaterne af migrationsforsøgene samt dykkerforsøget er omregnet til koncentrationer i kroppen ud fra de angivne antagelser om optagelse.
The results of the migration tests and the diving test are calculated to amount of the substance that might be present in the body after exposure.
Aldehyder og ketoner
Aldehydes and ketones
Aromatiske aminer og phenoler
Aromatic amines and phenoles
N,N-Dibutylformamid761-65-9 1,257 0,443
N,N-Dibutylformamide761-65-9 1.257 0.443
Den mulige optagelse hvor 100% af stoffet forudsættes optaget, sammenlignes med oplysninger for det pågældende stof i form af NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) eller andre relevante data i det omfang det er muligt at fremskaffe dem.
The possible uptake where 100 % of the substance is assumed absorbed is compared with information from the chemical substance under assessment in relation to NOAEL (No observed Adverse effect Level), LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) or other relevant sources available.
7.3 Vurdering af udvalgte stoffer
7.3 Assessment of selected substances
I det følgende er foretaget en vurdering af de enkelte stoffers potentielle sundhedsmæssige effekter.
In the following, a description of the substances potential health effects is described.
I vurderingen er der lagt vægt på de egenskaber der er relevante for hudkontakt og hudpåvirkning.
In the assessment is focused on the properties, that are relevant for skin contact and exposure to skin (dermal uptake).