natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Enkelte steder er der dog visse processer, som enten børn eller voksne udfører alene.
In a few places, there are processes that are conducted by adults or children alone.
Nedenfor er vist resultatet for enkelte udvalgte processer fordelt på antal institutioner.
The figure below displays the result for a few chosen processes.
Figur 8: Hvem er involveret i de forskellige processer?
Figure 8: Who are involved in the various processes?
4.1.4 Stor spredning i vurdering af sundhedsaspektet
4.1.4 Different opinions on the evaluation of the health aspect
Institutionerne er blevet bedt om at give deres vurdering af, om de mener, der kan være en sundhedsmæssig påvirkning for de personer, som udfører de forskellige arbejdsprocesser under fremstillingen.
The institutions were asked to provide their opinion on what could affect the health of those who conduct the various processes in weapon manufacturing.
Besvarelserne fra 34 institutioner er udtryk for en stor spredning i vurderingerne, hvilket antyder, at der generelt hersker stor usikkerhed om, hvad der kan være farligt, og hvad der ikke er farligt.
The responses from 34 institutions showed that this was assessed very differently, which indicates that there is generally great uncertainty about what is and what is not dangerous.
Nedenfor er vist resultatet for enkelte udvalgte processer.
Below are the results for a few chosen processes.
Figur 9: Hvordan vurderer institutionerne sundhedsfaren ved våbenproduktion?
Figure 9: How do the institutions assess the health risk during weapon production
4.1.5 Materialevalg er baseret på egne erfaringer og netværk
4.1.5 The choice of materials is based on own experiences and network
Når der skal indkøbes materialer og produkter til brug for fremstilling af rollespilsudstyr, kan der ofte vælges mellem mange forskellige produkter med forskellig kvalitet og pris.
When shopping for materials and products for use in the production of role-play equipment, there is often a wide range of product to choose from of different quality and price.
33 institutioner har besvaret, hvad der styrer deres valg af materialer.
33 institutions have responded to the question of what governs their choice of materials.
Det er langt overvejende egne erfaringer og informationer fra netværk, der styrer valget af materialer.
The far most common response it is peoples own experiences and network that governs the choice.
I mange institutioner er der en ansvarlig for rollespilsaktivi-teten, og denne person har ofte en tidligere eller aktuel tilknytning til rollespilsmiljøet.
Many institutions have a person who is responsible for the role-play activities, and this person is often a former or active actor in the role-play environment.
Anvisninger fra rollespilsbutikker og rollespilsforeninger betyder væsentligt mindre.
Recommendations from role-play shops or societies are less important.
I hver tredje institution eksperimenteres med forskellige materialer for enten at reducere omkostninger og/eller for at øge kvaliteten af det færdige udstyr.
Every third institutions experiments with different materials in order to either reduce the price and/or improve the quality of the finished product.
4.1.6 Brug af udvalgte materialetyper
4.1.6 The use of selected types of material
For en række materialer er det muligt at vælge mellem forskellige typer, som indeholder forskellige kemiske stoffer.
For a number of materials, it is possible to choose from different types, with different chemical content.
Den skumplast, der bruges som basis, kan være lavet af forskellige plasttyper.
The foam plastic that is used as the basis can be made of different types of plastic.
Som silikone kan anvendes autospray og andre typer, som typisk er påført orange faresymboler som “Yderst brandfarlig” pga. deres indhold af butan og propan.
For silicone, auto spray-cans and other types may be used that are often marked with an orange danger symbols such as “highly inflammable” because of its content of butane and propane.
Der findes dog alternative produkter, som ikke skal have faresymboler.
There are alternative products which are not required to have danger symbols.
Figur 10: Brug af forskellige materialer på institutionerne
Figure 10: Use of various material in the institutions
Svarene viser, at relativt mange institutioner mener, de bruger PVC baseret plast.
The answers show that relatively many of the institutions believe that they use PVC-based sleeping pads.
Imidlertid er langt de fleste liggeunderlag lavet af skumplast, og CASA vurderer derfor, at besvarelsen ikke er baseret på et faktisk kendskab til materialerne.
However, most sleeping pads are made of foam plastic, and CASA therefore estimate that the responses are not based on actual knowledge of the materials.
Få angiver, at de vælger A-mærkede farver.
A few have stated that they choose A-labelled products.
A-mærket er dansk producentforenings egen mærkningsordning.
The A-label is a labelling created by Danish producer organisation.
A-mærkningen betyder, at farven opfylder en række krav omkring sundhedsfarlige stoffer.
The A-label means that the colour livers up to a number of demands to the content of unhealthy substances.
A-mærket er ikke særligt kendt, og det ses også, at en del svarer 'ved ikke'.
The A-label is not widely known, and a good deal have responded “don't know”.
Besvarelsen vedrørende silikone skyldes formentlig, at man ikke er opmærksom på, at der ofte er faresymboler på silikonespray.
The response to the question regarding silicone is probably caused by that fact that people are often not aware that there are danger symbols on silicone spray-cans.
Det er alene via rollespilsbutikker, der omsættes produkter, som er med en mekanisk pumpe, der ikke indeholder drivmidler og derfor ikke skal faremærkes.
These products are solely distributed from role-play shops, with a mechanical pump, product that do not contain propellants and therefore do not require danger labelling.
Svarene antyder, at når der bruges kontaktlim, bruger ca. halvdelen af institutionerne vandbaseret lim.
The responses indicate that the contact glue used is often water-based.
4.1.7 Byggemarkeder og supermarkeder er hovedleverandører
4.1.7 DIY centres and supermarket are main suppliers.
Langt hovedparten af institutionerne foretager hovedsageligt deres indkøb af materialer hos byggemarkeder og supermarkeder - og i nogen mindre grad i specialforretninger som f.eks. rollespilsbutikker.
Most institutions primarily shop materials at DIY centres and supermarkets - and to a lesser extent in specialist shops, e.g. role-play shops.
Kun ganske få institutioner foretager indkøb via Internettet.
Only a few institutions shop on the internet.
Den ekspertise, der findes i rollespilsbutikker omkring materialevalg og sundhedsaspekter, udnyttes dermed kun begrænset i forhold til institutionerne.
Therefore, the expertise found in the role-play shops when it comes to choice of material and health aspects, is only limitedly used in relation to institutions.
Figur 11: Hvor køber institutionerne materialer?
Figure 11: Where do the institutions buy material
4.1.8 Begrænset udluftning og begrænset beskyttelse
4.1.8 Limited ventilation and protection
Institutionerne blev anmodet om at oplyse de fysiske rammer for aktiviteterne for at vurdere, hvad der gøres for at beskytte børn (og voksne) under de forskellige arbejdsprocesser.
The institutions were asked to describe the physical frames of the activities and to evaluate what is done is order to protect children (and adults) during the various working processes.
Det er kun få af de 35 institutioner, der har svaret, at de har egentlig udluftning, det vil sige udsugning eller ventilation i det lokale, hvor der arbejdes med fremstillingen.
Only a few of the 35 institutions that responded, state that they have actual ventilation, meaning exhaustion or ventilation in the room where the production takes place.
Det er primært ved maleprocessen, at der foregår udluftning.
Ventilation is primarily used during the painting process.
Andre åbner vinduerne, eller det foregår udendørs.
Others open the windows, or take the work outside.
Men en del arbejder også for lukkede vinduer.
But some also work before closed windows.
I figuren er præsenteret resultatet for udvalgte processer.
The figure below displays the results of selected processes.
Den enkelte institution kunne afkrydse flere svarmuligheder.
The individual institution was allowed to mark several options.
Figur 12: Hvor foregår arbejdet?
Figure 12: where does the work take place
I 10 af institutionerne arbejdes der med latex, men kun i en enkelt institution benyttes beskyttelsesbriller til børnene.
10 institutions work with latex, but only a few of the provide eye protection for the children.
Handsker benyttes 4 steder, dog kun nogle gange, mens brug af forklæder er hyppigere.
Gloves are used in 4 places, however, only sometimes, while aprons are more frequently used.
I leverandørbrugsanvisninger bør være angivet, om der skal benyttes handsker og lignende under brug.
In the suppliers' directions, it should be indicated whether gloves or the like should be used.
Arbejdstilsynets regler gælder ikke for børnene, men de gælder for de pædagoger, der deltager i arbejdet,
The regulations of Danish Working Environment Service do not apply to children, but only to the youth centre teachers participating in the work.
Der er 32 institutioner, som har givet et bud på, hvorledes de vurderer deres eget vidensniveau om eventuelle risici ved de materialer, der benyttes.
32 institutions have estimated their own level of knowledge of possible risks in connection with the materials used.
5 er ekspertniveau og 1 er meget lavt niveau.
5 have an expert level and 1 has a low level of knowledge.
Figur 13: Vidensniveau for institutioner
Figure 13: Level of knowledge in institutions
Der er ikke nødvendigvis sammenhæng mellem brug af betænkelige materialer og vidensniveau.
There is not necessarily a connection between the use of dangerous material and the level of knowledge.
5 er meget stor gavn og 1 er ingen gavn.
5 is high benefit, 1 is no benefit.
Figur 14: Gavn af folder
Figure 14: Benefit from folder
35 institutioner har givet en vurdering af, hvor mange af børnene der er engageret i produktion af rollespilsudstyr andre steder.
35 institutions have estimated how many children they believe are involved in production of role-play equipment elsewhere.
Analyserne er gennemført af Eurofins A/S i efteråret 2006.
The analyses were carried out by Eurofins A/S in the fall of 2006.
Deres analyserapport er vedlagt som bilag B.
Their report is encloses as annex B.
Nedenfor gives et kort rids over analyserne.
Below is a short summary of the analyses.
Der henvises til bilaget for mere detaljeret information.
We refer to annex B for further details.
Drikkeskind er et populært tilbehør.
Wine skins are a popular accessory.
Drikkeskind består af en beholder omlagt med skind.
A wine skin consists of a container wrapped in skin.
Produktet er udvalgt med henblik på at undersøge, hvad den vandtætte beholder inderst består af.
The product is chosen in order to investigate what the water-proof container is made of.
Beholderen er undersøgt med FT-IR og materialet blev identificeret som PVC.
The material was identified as being PVC softened with the phthalate DEHP.
Indholdet af DEHP er ved dobbeltbestemmelse bestemt til 22-25 % (vægtprocent).
By determination in duplicate, the content of DEHP is determined be 22-25% (in weight).
Det indgår ofte i udklædningen, at der limes kunstige ører af latex oven på ens egne ører.
As part of the getup, artificial latex ears are often glued to ones own ears.
Omsætningen anslås til at være af størrelsesordenen 15.000 kunstige ører årligt.
Annual sales are estimated to be around 15.000 artificial ears.
Der forhandles mange forskellige mærker lime hertil.
There are many varieties of glues for this.
Den undersøgte hudlim indgår i en sådan “færdigpakke”.
The glue that was examined was found in one such packet.
Tabel 1: Resultater fra analysen for opløsningsmidler, VOC og SVOC.
Table 1: Results of the analysis for solvents, VOC and SVOC.
Enheden er mg/kg. De to resultater for opløsningsmidlerne angiver dobbeltbestemmelserne
The unit is mg/kg. The two results of solvent make the determination in duplicate
* angiver det bedste bud på identifikation.
*as closest identification possible.
Beregnet som toluen.
Calculated as toluene.
Analyseresultaterne, som fremgår af tabel 1, viser, at der blev konstateret 3 forskellige opløsningsmidler: ethylacetat, ethanol og acetone.
According to the results of the analysis displayed in table 1, 3 different solvents were detected: ethyl acetate, ethanol and acetone.
Derudover blev der fundet 14 VOC/SVOC varianter over detektionsgrænsen.
Apart from this, 14 VOC/SVOC variant above the detection limit were detected.
Det centrale materiale ved produktion af våben (og en del andet hjemmelavet udstyr) er latex (naturgummi).
The main material in the production of weapon (and home-made equipment) is latex (natural latex).
Grundformen for våbnet belægges med latex, der forhandles i en flydende form.
The basic form of the weapon is covered with latex, which is sold in liquid form.
Det sker ved at male med eller dyppe våbnet i latex, lade det tørre og gentage processen et antal gange for at få et tilpas tykt latexlag, som når lys støbes.
This is done by painting it of dipping the weapon in the latex, leaving it to dry and repeat the process a few times in order to obtain an adequately thick layer, as when dipping candles.
Det latexprodukt, vi hyppigst har set, er baseret på det samme basisprodukt fra Thailand indeholdende blandt andet ammoniak.
The latex products we have seen most frequently were based on the same basic product from Thailand containing, among other things, ammonia.
Dette omhældes i egne emballager hos forhandlerne.
The product is decanted into ones own containers by the dealers.
Der forhandles dog også andre latexprodukter, hvor ammoniakindholdet er mindre.
Other latex products are sole with a lower content of ammonia.
Der skønnes omsat op til 3.000 liter.
Annual sales are around 3000 litres.
Det er via en simuleret test undersøgt, hvad en person indånder ved placering tæt på en beholder med flydende latex (f.eks. påføring af latex på sværd).
Though a simulation test, it was examined what a person inhales when standing close to a container with liquid latex (e.g. during application to a sword).
Der er gennemført test med 2 forskellige latexprodukter med angiveligt forskelligt ammoniakindhold.
Test of 2 different latex products, with allegedly different contents of ammonia, were conducted.
Tabel 2: Resultater for ammoniak, nitrosaminer og VOC/SVOC.
Tabel 2: Resultats for ammonia, nitrosamines and VOC/SVOC.
< mindre end den angivne detektionsgrænse
< Less than the detection limit
Analyseresultaterne, som fremgår af tabel 2, viser, at der er stor forskel i afdampningen af ammoniak fra de to latexprøver (faktor 10), mens der ikke blev påvist nitrosaminer i luften.
The results of the analysis, as displayed in table 2, shows that there is a considerable difference in the vapour of ammonia in the two latex samples (factor 10), while nitrosamines were not detected in the air.
Skumplast anvendes til at grundforme våbnet.
Foam plastic is used to form the basic shape of the weapon.
Typisk anvendes liggeunderlag, som skæres til og limes sammen omkring glasfiberkernen og træhåndtaget.
Typically, a sleeping pad is used, which is cut to the right size and glued together around the glass-fibre core and the wood handle.
Der anvendes forskellige typer skumplast, primært PE-holdigt plast.
Different varieties of foam plastic is used, primarily PE- containing plastic.
Der blev ikke påvist koncentrationer af slibestøv af betydning i luften i åndedrætszonen.
According to the users, they are soon very warm to wear and the sweat pours down your face.
Ved sammenligning med databiblioteksspektre blev polymeren identificeret.
By comparing the data library spectres, the polymer was identified.
En delprøve blev udtaget og ekstraheret med dichlormethan tilsat interne standarder.
A subsample was taken and extracted with dichloromethane with added internal standards.
En delprøve af ekstraktet blev udtaget og analyseret direkte ved kombineret gaschromatografi og massespektrometri (GC/MS) med henblik på identifikation og kvantificering af phthalater.
A subsample of the extract was taken and analysed directly by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with the aim to identify and quantify phthalates.
Indholdet blev beregnet overfor de relevante phthalat standarder.
The content was compared to the relevant phthalate standards.
Detektionsgrænsen er 50 mg/kg. Analyseusikkerheden er 10-15%RSD.
The detection limit is 50 mg/kg. The uncertainty factor of the analysis is 10-15% RSD
En delprøve blev ekstraheret med DMF (Dimethylformamid) tilsat interne standarder.
A subsample was extracted with DMF (dimethyle formamide) with added internal standards.
En delprøve af ekstraktet blev udtaget og analyseret direkte ved kombineret gaschromatografi og flammeioniseringsdetektion (GC/FID).
A subsample of the extract was taken and analysed by combining gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID).
Indholdet er beregnet kvantitativt ved brug af responsfaktorer for ekstern standard.
The content was quantitatively measured by use of response factors for external standards.
Rapporteringsgrænsen er 500 mg/kg, og analyseusikkerheden er 10-15%RSD.
The report limit is 500 mg/kg, and the uncertainty of the analysis is 10-15% RSD.
En delprøve med kendt vægt blev ekstraheret med dichlormethan tilsat interne standarder.
A subsample with a known weight was extracted with dichloromethane with added internal standards.
En delprøve blev udtaget og analyseret direkte ved kombineret gas chromatografi og massespektrometri (GC/MS) ved at scanne over et større masseområde.
A subsample was taken and analysed directly by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry by scanning a larger mass area.
Indholdet blev beregnet kvantitativt ved brug af responsfaktorer for ekstern standard.
The content was quantitatively measured by use of a response factor for external standards.
Rapporteringsgrænsen er 50 mg/kg.
The report limit is 50 mg/kg.
De eksponerede Tenax TA-rør blev desorberet termisk og analyseret direkte ved kombineret gas chromatografi og massespektrometri (GC/MS), ved at scanne over et større masseområde.
The exposed Tenax TA-tubes were thermicaly desorbed and directly analysed by combining gas chromatography and mass spectrometry by scanning a larger mass area.
Det kunstige sved blev fremstillet udfra NaCl, ammoniak, mælkesyre, carbamid og vand efter DS/EN 1811.
The artificial sweat was a mix of NaCI, ammonium, lactic acid, carbamide and water according to DC/EN 1811.
Migrationstesten blev sat op i triple bestemmelse (A, B og C).
The carbamide test was analysed by determination in triplicate (A, B and C).
Efter inkubationen blev A og B analyseret for MBT (se analysebeskrivelse, 2.7).
After incubation, A and B were analysed for MBT (see the analysis description 2.7).
Endvidere blev A og B ekstraheret iht. metodebeskrivelse 2.4, men udelukkende A blev analyseret, da chromatogrammerne for henholdsvis A og B var ensartede.
Furthermore, A and B were extracted according to the method description 2.4, but only A was analysed, since the chromatograms for A and B, respectively, were identical.
Efter endt inkubation blev det kunstige sved ekstraheret med dichlormethan, tørret over vandfrit natrium sulfat og afdampet til tørhed.
After the incubation period, the artificial sweat was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous natrium sulphate and evaporate down to dryness.
Der blev genopløst i acetonitril, hvorefter ekstraktet analyseredes ved højtryksvæske chromatografi (HPLC).
It was resolved in acetonitrile, and thereafter, the extract was analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HLPC).
Detektionsgrænsen er 2 mg/dm², og analyseusikkerheden er ca. 15%RSD.
The detection limit is 2 mg/dm², and the uncertainty of the analyses is ca. 15%RSD
Eksponeringstest skulle eftervise en slibningsproces af skumplast.
The aim of the exposure test was to demonstrate the sanding of plastic foam.
På roterende ruller blev en bane af skumplast fastgjort.
A line of plastic foam was fastened to a rotating roller.
Sandpapir korn 120 blev placeret på en pind, der atter blev spændt fast på et cirkel roterende bord.
Sandpaper, 120 grain, was placed on a stick, which was again tied to a circle on a rotating table.
Dermed blev skumplasten slebet med roterende bevægelser.
Thereby, the plastic foam was sanded with rotating movements.
36 cm over skumplasten svarende til åndedrætszonen, blev der opsamlet total støv og respirabelt støv på membran filtre (0,8 mm).
36 cm above the plastic foam, equivalent to the breathing zone, total dust and respiratory dust was collected in membrane filters (0,8 mg).
Såvel total støv som respirabelt støv er opsamlet i henhold til arbejdstilsynets regler.
Total dust as well as respiratory dust was collected in accordance with the regulations of the Danish Working Environment Service.
Testen varede i alt i 2,5 timer.
The duration of the test was 2.5 hours.
Testen blev udført ved stue temperatur, der var konstant i testperioden.
The test was conducted at a constant room temperature.
Luftskiftet i rummet blev målt til 15 gange pr. time.
The ventilation was measured every 15 minutes.
Den flydende latex blev hældt op i et 500 ml bægerglas.
Liquid latex was poured into a 500 ml cup.
Der var omrøring i prøven svarende til et kontinuerligt brug af den flydende latex.
The liquid was frequently stirred, equivalent to a continuous use of liquid latex.
Ca. 38 cm over prøven svarende til åndedrætszonen hos forbrugeren blev emissionen opsamlet.
The emission was collected approx. 38 cm above the test, corresponding to the breathing zone of the user.
Opsamlingen blev foretaget på Tenax-TA rør for at opsamle de flygtige og semiflygtige stoffer og Thermosorb/N rør for at opsamle nitrosaminer.
The collection was conducted by means of Tenax-TA tubes to collect volatile and semi-volatile substances and Thermosorb/N tubes to collect nitrosamines.
Endvidere blev emissionen suget gennem vaskeflasker med svovlsyre for at opsamle ammoniak.
Furthermore, the emission was draught through wash bottles with sulphuric acid to collect ammonium.
Thermosorb/N rørene blev ekstraheret med organisk solvent og analyseret direkte ved kombineret gas chromatografi og NO specifik detektion (GC/TEA 610).
The Thermosorb/n tubes were extracted with organic solvent and analysed directly by combined gas chromatography and NO specific detection (GC/TEA 610).
Detektionsgrænsen er 0,03 er mg/m³.
The detection limit is 0.03 mg/m³.
Ammoniakindholdet blev bestemt ved spektrofotometrisk analyse.
The content of ammonium was detected through spectophotometric analyses.
Ammoniak blev opsamlet i vaskeflaske med svovlsyreopløsning, hvorefter indholdet blev bestemt ved spektrofotometrisk analyse.
Ammonium was collected in wash bottles with dissolved sulphuric acid, and the content was then determined by spectophotometric analysis.
Detektionsgrænsen er 0,000003 mg/m³, og analyseusikkerheden er ca. 15%RSD.
The detection limit is 0.000003 mg/m³, and the uncertainty of the analysis is ca. 15%RSD.
Referencer: ISO 7150/2, NIOSH 6015 og VDI 2461/1.
References: ISO 7150/2, NIOSH 6015 and VDI 2461/1.
IR spektret over inderposen af drikkeskindet er gengivet nedenfor.
The IR spectre of the inner surface of a wine skin is pictured below.
Inderposen blev ligeledes analyseret for phthalater, og resultatet er angivet i tabel 1.
The inner coating was equally tested for phthalates, and the results are described in table 1.
Analysen påviste en forekomst af DEHP, og mængden angiver, at materialet er blødgjort med phthalaten.
The analysis showed a presence of DEHP, and the amount present indicates that the material is softened by phthalates.
Resultater fra analysen for phthalater.
Results of the analysis of phthalates.
Enheden er vægt%.
The unity is weight/%.
De to resultater angiver dobbeltbestemmelserne.
The two results indicate the Dobbeltbestemmelserne.