natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Desuden er den karakteristiske artssammensætning svagt repræsenteret på højmoseforekomsterne i ugunstig naturtilstand.
Based on the draft for establishment of urine separation at the estate of Svanholm and the computer simulations, the costs and savings potentials can be calculated.
Samtidig kræver andre i moderat til dårlig tilstand tiltag, der kan imødegå forringelse.
The potential for savings in the operation at the present plant is limited.
Udpegningsgrundlaget for beskyttelsesområdet omfatter både naturtyper som søbred med småurter og ynglende fuglearter, der kræver tagrørsbevoksninger af en vis størrelse (rørdrum og rørhøg).
Tax reductions relating to the discharge of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous from the establishment of urine separation at the estate of Svanholm will only be limited, and they can hardly be realised simultaneously with an optimisation of operating costs.
Naturtyperne nedbrudt højmose og skovbevokset tørvemose og hængesæk er opstået ved tørvegravning, dræning og tilgroning af den oprindelige højmoseflade.
Urine has a high fertilisation value; however, in view of the costs of transportation and application, it will probably not contribute to improving the system economy.
Der sker ikke en aktiv indsats for naturtyperne i dette område, da det prioriteres at skabe større sammenhængende arealer med aktiv højmose.
However, the costs of establishing urine separation at the estate of Svanholm will be high and cannot by offset by savings achieved in the operation of the present treatment plant and income from sale of urine as fertiliser.
Forholdet til planområdet
Vandkemi (screeninger MFS)
John Hansen, Ole Chr. Hansen & Kirsten Pommer Teknologisk Institut
Release of chemical substances from tents and tunnels for children
SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSIONER SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1 INDLEDNING
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSIONER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BAGGRUND 1.2 FORMÅL 1.3 FREMGANGSMÅDE
1.1 BACKGROUND 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 PROCEDURE
2 KORTLÆGNING AF TELTE OG TUNNELER
2 SURVEY OF TENTS AND TUNNELS
2.1 BRANCHEFORHOLD 2.2 OMSÆTNINGSTAL 2.3 PRODUKTION
2.1 TRADE CONDITIONS 2.2 FIGURES OF TURNOVER 2.3 PRODUCTION
2.4 VALG AF PRODUKTER TIL ANALYSER
2.4 CHOICE OF PRODUCTS FOR ANALYSES
3.1.1 Headspace-analyser 3.1.2 Klimakammeranalyser 3.1.3 Undersøgelse af formaldehydafgivelse inde i telt
3.1.1 Headspace analyses 3.1.2 Climate chamber analyses 3.1.3 Testing of formaldehyde release inside tent
3.2 RESULTATER FRA HEADSPACE-ANALYSER
3.2 RESULTS OF HEADSPACE ANALYSES
3.2.1 Produkt A 3.2.2 Produkt B 3.2.3 Produkt C 3.2.4 Produkt D 3.2.5 Produkt E 3.2.6 Produkt F
3.2.1 Product A 3.2.2 Product B 3.2.3 Product C 3.2.4 Product D 3.2.5 Product E 3.2.6 Product F
3.3 RESULTATER FRA KLIMAKAMMERUNDERSØGELSER
3.3 RESULTS FROM CLIMATE CHAMBER STUDY
4 SCREENING AF SUNDHEDSEFFEKTER
4 SCREENING OF HEALTH EFFECTS
4.1 SCREENINGSMETODE 4.2 SCREENING AF STOFFER
4.1 METHOD FOR SCREENING 4.2 SCREENING OF SUBSTANCES
4.3.1 Udpegning af potentielt problematiske stoffer 4.3.2 Forekomsten af de potentielt problematiske stoffer
4.3.1 Selection of potentially problematic substances 4.3.2 The existence of potentially problematic substances
4.4 IKKE PROBLEMATISKE STOFFER I SCREENINGEN AF SUNDHEDSEFFEKTER
4.4 NON PROBLEMATIC SUBSTANCES IN THE SCREENING OF EFFECTS ON THE HEALTH
5 VURDERING AF PROBLEMATISKE STOFFER
5 ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SUBSTANCES
5.1 VURDERINGSMETODE 5.2 VURDERING AF DE ENKELTE STOFFER
5.1 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT 5.2 ASSESSMENT OF EACH SUBSTANCE
5.2.1 2-Butoxyethanol 5.2.2 2-Ethoxyethanol 5.2.3 3-Caren
5.2.1 2-Butoxyethanol 5.2.2 2-Ethoxyethanol 5.2.3 3-Carene
5.2.5 Acetaldehyd 5.2.6 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 5.2.7 Dimethylformamid 5.2.8 Formaldehyd 5.2.9 Phenol
5.2.5 Acetaldehyde 5.2.6 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 5.2.7 Dimethyl formamide 5.2.8 Formaldehyde 5.2.9 Phenol
5.2.12 Trimethylcyclohexen-1-on 5.2.13 Xylen
5.2.12 Trimethylcyclohexen-1-on 5.2.13 Xylene
5.2.14 Alifatiske kulbrinter C10-16
5.2.14 Aliphatic hydrocarbons C10-16
Projektet er en del af en særlig indsats for kortlægningen af kemiske stoffer i forbrugerprodukter bevilget i finansloven.
The project is part of a special action for mapping of chemical substances in consumer products as granted in the Appropriation Act.
Kirsten Pommer og kvalitetssikret af Ole Christian Hansen.
The project has had a steering committee consisting of Shima Dobel and
Samtidig er der fundet tal for omsætningen, ligesom det er undersøgt, hvilke materialer der typisk anvendes.
Figures for the turnover has been collected, and it is investigated, which materials are typically used for such products.
Analyserne er fulgt op af en sundhedsmæssig vurdering.
The analyses have been followed by an assessment of the health aspects.
Formålet hermed har været at få afklaret de risici, der måtte være ved børns leg og ophold i telte og tunneler.
The objective has been to pinpoint the risks that might exist when children are playing and staying in tents and tunnels.
Der er blevet identificeret 46 stoffer/stofgrupper ved analyserne.
A total of 46 substances or groups of substances were identified in the analyses.
For langt de fleste stoffer falder koncentrationen over tid, således som det også må forventes.
For most of the substances the concentration declines with time as would be expected.
For nogle af produkterne er der dog målt en højere koncentration for visse stoffer efter 28 døgn end efter 10 døgn.
For some of the products, however, a higher concentration has been determined for certain substances after 28 days than after 10 days.
Det drejer sig om formaldehyd, dimethylformamid, xylener og acetone.
This was the case for formaldehyde, dimethylformamide, xylenes and acetone.
Der er foretaget en screening af de 46 identificerede stoffer/stofgrupper på baggrund af stoffernes klassificering og grænseværdier.
A screening of the 46 identified substances or groups of substances has been carried out based on classifications and limit values of the substances.
Af de 46 stoffer blev 14 udvalgt for en nærmere vurdering.
Out of the 46 substances 14 were chosen for a closer assessment.
Den beregnede mængde optaget stof blev derefter sammenlignet med data for NOAEL/LOAEL.
The estimated amount of absorbed substance has then been compared to the data for NOAEL/LOAEL.
Stofferne ethoxyethanol og dimethylformamid er reprotoksiske.
The substances ethoxyethanol and dimethyl formamide are teratogenic.
Ethoxyethanol forekommer i mængder, der ligger væsentligt under TDI-værdien.
Ethoxyethanol has been found in quantities that are considerably below the TDI-value.
Dimethylformamid forekommer i mængder, der ligger væsentligt under de niveauer, der giver skader.
Dimethyl formamide has been found in quantities that are considerably below the levels that may cause damages to the health.
Acetaldehyd, formaldehyd, tetrachlorethylen og trimethylcyclohexen-1-on er mistænkt for at være kræftfremkaldende (Carc3).
Acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, tetrachloroethylene, and trimethylcyclohexen1-on are under suspicion of causing cancer (Carc3).
Stofferne 3-caren, α-pinen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol og formaldehyd kan give allergi ved hudkontakt.
The substances 3-carene, α-pinene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and formaldehyde may cause allergy in contact with skin.
Der er risiko for at formaldehyd kan give sundhedsmæssige problemer, mens de øvrige stoffer forekommer i meget små mængder, og det er vurderet at risikoen for sundhedsmæssige effekter vil være minimal.
There is a risk that formaldehyde may cause health effects while the other substances appear in very small quantities and it is assessed that the health effects will be insignificant.
Målingerne viste, at der afgives forskellige alifatiske kulbrinter med kulstofkæder på C10 til C16.
The measurement showed that the different aliphatic hydrocarbons with the carbon chains of C10 to C16 are emitted.
Det er vurderet, at denne stofgruppe ligner terpentin, der er kræftfremkaldende.
It is assessed that this group of substances resembles turpentine, which is carcinogenic.
Det har ikke været muligt at fastlægge en NOAEL.
It has not been possible to determine a NOAEL.
I stedet er der foretaget en sammenligning med grænseværdien for terpentin.
In stead the TLV of aliphatic hydrocarbons and turpentine has been compared.
De målte koncentrationer udgør mindre end 0,4 % af grænseværdien.
The measured concentrations represent less than 0.4 % of the TLV for turpentine.
Der er ligeledes foretaget en sammenligning med B-værdien.
A comparison with the B-values has also been made.
Den højeste målte koncentration udgør 50% af B-værdien.
The highest measured concentration represents 50% of the B-value.
På baggrund af dette vurderes det, at den sundhedsmæssige risiko vil være minimal.
Based on these comparisons it is assessed that the health risk will be insignificant.
Sammenfattende kan det konstateres, at flere af stofferne, der findes i telte og tunneler til børn, er mistænkt for at være kræftfremkaldende, reproduktionsskadende og allergifremkaldende.
Summing up several of the substances, which are present in the tents and tunnels for children, are under suspicion of having carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, and allergic effects.
Formaldehyd er i et produkt fundet i en koncentration over indeklimagrænseværdien, mens to andre produkter ligger tæt på denne værdi.
Formaldehyde is present in one product in a concentration above the indoor limit value while two of the other products are close to the value.
Da de målte formaldehydkoncentrationer falder over tid, vil det være i de første timers brug af teltene, at den største afgivelse vil forekomme.
As the measured concentrations of formaldehyde decreased over time, it will be during the first hours of using the tents that the largest emission of the substance will occur.
For de øvrige stoffer gælder det, at de afgivne mængder er relativt små.
As for the other substances the emitted quantities are relatively small.
Ingen af disse stoffer forekommer i koncentrationer, der gør, at det vil være betænkeligt, at børn leger med de undersøgt produkter.
None of these substances are present in concentrations, which will cause a potential health risk for children to play with the tested products.
A total of 46 substances or groups of substances were identified in the analyses.
Der er blevet identificeret 46 stoffer/stofgrupper ved analyserne.
This was the case for formaldehyde, dimethylformamide, xylenes and acetone.
Det drejer sig om formaldehyd, dimethylformamid, xylener og acetone.
The substances ethoxyethanol and dimethyl formamide are teratogenic.
Stofferne ethoxyethanol og dimethylformamid er reprotoksiske.
The substances 3-carene, α-pinene, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and formaldehyde may cause allergy in contact with skin.
Stofferne 3-caren, α-pinen, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol og formaldehyd kan give allergi ved hudkontakt.
Der findes på markedet telte og tunneler, som børn kan lege i såvel indendørs som udendørs.
Tents and tunnels exist on the market, with which children can play indoor as well as outside.
En tysk undersøgelse (Öko-Test, 2002) har fundet en lang række kemiske stoffer i telte og tunneler, og som børnene derfor kan blive udsat for.
A German survey (Öko-Test, 2002) identified a long list of chemical substances in tents and tunnels, and children can thus be exposed to these substances.
I den tyske undersøgelse er der målt for total VOC, chlororganiske stoffer, tinforbindelser, farvestoffer, bly og antimon.
The German survey analysed for total VOC, chloro-organic substances, tin compounds, dyestuffs, lead and antimony.
Af andre stoffer, som man kunne forvente at finde, kan nævnes formaldehyd.
One would also expect to find substances such as formaldehyde.
Telte og tunneler til børn må forventes at være fremstillede af tekstile materialer, såsom vævede metervarer af bomuld, polyester, nylon eller polypropylen.
It is expected that tents and tunnels for children are produced from textile materials, such as woven fabric made by cotton, polyester, nylon or polypropylene.
Materialerne kan formentlig være coatede med syntetiske polymerer som polyurethaner (PUR) eller polyvinylchlorid (PVC).
The materials can probably be coated with synthetic polymers like polyurethanes (PUR), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Desuden vil produkterne normalt være farvede og/eller trykte, og de vil formentlig kunne være udsat for forskellige former for imprægneringer for at imødegå vandgennemtrængning, tilsmudsninger, råd og svamp samt antændelse.
Further the products will normally be dyed and/or printed, and it is likely that they have been subjected to various kinds of finishing to avoid water penetration, soiling, rot and fungi as well as ignition.
Endelig vil produkterne formentlig kunne omfatte ikke-tekstile materialer som træ, læder, metal og plast.
Finally the products probably will include non-textile materials such as wood, leather, metal and plastic.
Børn kan eksponeres for de kemiske stoffer på flere måder; men dette projekt er afgrænset til eksponering via indånding.
Children can be exposed to the chemical substances in various ways, but this project is limited to exposure due to inhalation.
Det betyder, at de stoffer, der er undersøgt for, skal kunne frigives fra materialet til den luft, som børnene så siden kan indånde.
This means that the substances, which have been looked for, must be able to be released from the material to the air, which in turn can be inhaled by the children.
Formålet med projektet var at få afklaret eventuelle risici, der kan være forbundet med at opholde sig i telte/tunneler til børn og eventuelt give anvisninger på, hvad der bør gøres for at undgå/modvirke sådanne risici.
The purpose of the project has been to clarify the possible risks that might be linked to the staying in tents and tunnels for children, and possibly give recommendations as to what could be done to avoid or counteract such risks.
Det skulle desuden afklares, om en eventuel afgivelse af kemiske stoffer reduceres med tiden.
Further it should be clarified whether possible release of chemical substances would decline with time.
Projektet er delt op i tre faser:
The project has be divided into three phases:
Fase 1: Kortlægning af hvilke produkter der findes på det danske marked.
Phase 1: Survey of products on the Danish market.
Fase 2: Bestemmelse af afgivelse af kemiske stoffer fra udvalgte produkter, dels ved stuetemperatur, dels ved forhøjet temperatur.
Phase 2: Determination of release of chemical substances from selected products, partly at room temperature, partly at elevated temperature.
Fase 3: Screening af sundhedseffekter og vurdering af sundhedsrisikoen.
Phase 3: Screening of health effects and evaluation health risks.
Der er gennemført en kortlægning af de på markedet værende telte og tunneler til børn, dels hvad angår de mængder, der bliver solgt, dels hvad produkterne er fremstillet af og hvad de eventuelt er imprægneret med.
A survey has been carried out of tents and tunnels for children on the Danish market, partly regarding the amounts sold, partly from which the products are produced and which finishes they are subjected to.
Da der er tale om legetøj, er produkterne CE-mærkede.
As we are dealing with toys, they carry a CE-label.
Indledningsvis skal det nævnes, at det har været meget vanskeligt at skaffe oplysninger om disse legetøjsprodukter, telte og tunneler.
By way of introduction it must be mentioned that it has been very difficult to get information of these toy products, tents and tunnels.
Det har således ikke været muligt at finde faglitteratur, der specifikt omhandler disse produkter.
It has thus not been possible to find literature, which specifically deals with these products.
Gennemgangen af produkternes materialer og indhold stammer derfor fra en generel viden om tekstilprodukter og deres fremstilling, dels fra de produktoplysninger, der har kunnet fremskaffes fra importørerne om de produkter, der er udvalgt til undersøgelsen.
The survey of the materials and contents in the products thus originates from a general knowledge about textile products and their manufacture, and partly from the product information, which could be obtained from the importers about the products selected for the analyses.
Ligeledes har det ikke været muligt via officielle statistikker at finde omsætningstal for netop disse produkter.
Further it has not been possible through official statistics to find figures of turnover about these specific products.
En sådan detaljeringsgrad eksisterer ikke i materiale fra Danmarks Statistik.
Such degree of detail does not exist in material from Statistics Denmark.
Tallene fra omsætningen stammer derfor fra velvillige leverandører/forhandlere, og opsummeringen og konklusionerne må derfor tages med al mulig forbehold.
The figures of the turnover thus originates from kind suppliers and retailers, and the summation and conclusions thus must be read with all possible reservations.
Telte og tunneler til børn sælges primært i egentlige legetøjsforretninger; men de er også blevet identificeret i visse møbelvarehuse samt i andre store dagligvarehuse.
Tents and tunnels for children are primarily sold in toyshops, but they have also been identified in certain department stores for furniture as well as other major grocery department stores.
I legetøjsforretningerne er der som oftest tale om standardvarer, som på trods af et vist sæsonpræg altid vil være at finde.
In the toyshops they are normally standard goods, which are always there in spite of a certain seasonal variation.
Det samme gælder møbelvarehusene, hvorimod det i dagligvarehusene nok mere har karakter af slagtilbud i sæsonen.
This is true for the furniture department stores as well, whereas in the grocery department stores they more have the character as special offers during the season.
Der er på flere måder taget kontakt til branchen for at belyse spørgsmålene om de konkrete produkter og deres fremstilling.
The trade has been contacted in various ways in order to illustrate the questions about the concrete products and their manufacture.
Danmarks Legetøjshandler Forening blev kontaktet uden held, og senere informationer har sandsynliggjort, at foreningens aktiviteter er ophørt.
The Association of Danish Toy Traders (Danmarks Legetøjshandlerforening) was contacted without success, and later information has made it likely that the activities of the association have ceased.
Legetøjsbranchens Fællesråd repræsenterede tidligere såvel producenter som grossister og detailhandlere.
The Common Council of the Toy Trade (Legetøjsbranchens Fællesråd) formerly represented both manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers.
Efter en nylig omstrukturering er Legetøjsbranchens Fællesråd tilknyttet organisationen Dansk Handel & Service og repræsenterer i dag kun grossister og detailhandlere.
Following a recent restructure the Council is now linked with Danish Commerce & Services (Dansk Handel & Service) and today only represents wholesalers and retailers.
Legetøjsproducenter er i dag organiserede i Foreningen af Legetøjsfabrikanter i Danmark (FLD) med sekretariat hos Europa-Konsulenterne.
Toy manufacturers are today organised in the Association of Toy Manufacturers in Denmark (Foreningen af Legetøjsfabrikanter i Danmark (FLD)) with secretariat at European Advisers (Europa-Konsulenterne).
Ingen af disse organisationer har imidlertid været i stand til at bidrage med konkrete oplysninger til brug for dette projekt.
None of these organisations has, however, been able to supply further information for this project.
Senere informationer har også bekræftet, at alle den slags produkter er importerede fra udlandet.
Later information has confirmed that all these kind of products are imported form foreign countries.
Ifølge fagbogen findes der under kategorien ”Legetøj en gros” 39 firmaer.
According to the telephone directory under the category "Toys, wholesale" 39 companies exist.
Ved at se nærmere på disse navne kan man identificere en del, som angiveligt ikke leverer telte og tunneler.
By looking at the names one can identify a part, which obviously do not supply tents and tunnels.
De resterende 28 blev kontaktet, og af disse 28 kom der svar fra 12, heraf 10 som angav, at de ikke leverer telte og tunneler.
The remaining 28 were contacted, and out of these 28 answers were received from 12, of which 10 indicated that they do not supply tents and tunnels.
Kun to firmaer leverede sådanne produkter og gav beredvilligt en række oplysninger om deres produkter og omsætning.
Only two companies supply such products, and they readily gave information about their products and turnover.
Baseret på de oplysninger, der som nævnt i forrige afsnit fremkom, samt oplysninger fra et møbelvarehus, tegner der sig følgende billede af omsætningen af telte og tunneler til børn i Danmark.
Based of information mentioned in the previous chapter and information from a furniture department store the following picture can be drawn of the turnover of tents and tunnels for children in Denmark.
De tre firmaer forhandler tilsammen i alt ca. 30 forskellige produkter med et samlet årligt salg på 40 - 44.000 styk.
The three companies together sell a total of about 30 different products with total annual sale of 40 - 44,000 pieces.
Produkterne kan groft inddeles i tre forskellige typer, som det fremgår af nedenstående tabel 2.1.
The products can roughly be divided into three different types as indicated in table 2.1 below.
Typer af telte og tunneler og deres omsætning Type
Types of tents and tunnels and their turnover Type
Omsætning, styk per år
Turnover, pieces per year
Iglo- eller indianertelt
Igloo or Indian tents
Tunnel der kan kobles til telte
Tunnel, which can be linked to tents
Legehuse, folde-ud telte mm.
Playhouses, pop-up tents etc.
Priserne på produkterne ligger mellem 125 og 140 kr. for de mest udbredte iglo- og indianertelte.
The prices of the products vary from 125 to 140 DKK for the most wide spread igloo and Indian tents.
Tunneler, der kan kobles til teltene, koster mellem 115 og 120 kr.
Tunnels, which can be linked to the tents, cost between 115 and 120 DKK.
De mere specielle legehuse og folde-ud telte koster fra 200 til 350 kr.
The more special playhouses and pop-up tents cost from 200 to 350 DKK.
Den samlede omsætning må således antages at ligge mellem 6,8 og 7,2 mio. kr.
The total annual turnover is supposed to be between 6.8 and 7.2 million DKK.
Som nævnt er alle produkter inden for kategorien importerede varer, og det er typisk ganske sparsomt, hvad der er oplyst om produkternes indhold.
As mentioned all products within the category are imported goods, and typically the information given about the products are quite scarce.
Produkterne består typisk af en teltdug, som udgør den areal- og vægtmæssigt største del af produktet.
The products typically consist of a tent canvas, which makes up the largest part of the product both in area and weight.
I de på markedet identificerede produkter består teltdugen af enten bomuld, nylon eller polyester, hvor nylon er den mest dominerende type.
In the products identified on the market the tent canvas consists of either cotton, nylon or polyester, where nylon is the predominant type.
Produkterne er som oftest farvede og/eller trykte i klare og stærke nuancer, og det må antages, at farverihjælpemidler og trykpasta kan have indeholdt kemikalier, som kan give anledning til afgasning.
The products are most often dyed and/or printed in bright and strong colours, and it is presumed that dye auxiliaries and print paste may have contained chemicals, which are subject to release.
Desuden er en del af produkterne imprægnerede, primært for at gøre dem vandskyende eller vandtætte.
Further a part of the products are impregnated, primarily to make them water repelling or water proof.
En sådan imprægnering vil muligvis kunne give anledning til afgasning.
Such impregnation might cause chemical release.
Et par produkter er angivet at være udstyret med UV-filter, uden at det i første omgang er omtalt, hvori dette UV-filter består.
A couple of the products are allegedly equipped with a UV-filter, the nature of this filter not being revealed in the first place.
Bomuld er en plantefiber, som dyrkes i tropiske og subtropiske områder.
Cotton is a vegetable fibre, which is grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions.