natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Som nævnt ved røntgenanalysen er der foretaget analyse for antimon, kobber og bly i produkt 1 og 2, der begge er filtspids penne.
As mentioned at the X-ray analysis the products have been analysed for antimony, cupper, and lead in products 1 and 2 that are both felt-tip pens.
Analysen er foretaget på den farve, hvor der blev påvist det største indhold af kobber og bly ved røntgenanalysen.
The analysis was performed on the dye with the largest amount of cupper and lead at the X-ray analysis.
De analyserede farver var mørk blå for prøve 1 og rødbrun for prøve 2.
The analysed dyes were dark blue for sample 1 and reddish brown for sample 2.
For de øvrige produkter er der analyseret tilfældige farver, hvorfor det ikke er muligt at fastslå, hvorvidt værdierne repræsenterer gennemsnitsværdier.
Random colours have been analysed in the remaining products thus it has not been possible to establish whether the values represent the average values.
Denne analyse inkluderer i alt 20 aminer, der oprinder fra forbudte azofarvestoffer.
This analysis includes a total of 20 amines originating from the prohibited azo dyes.
Analysen omfatter følgende aminer:
The amines included in the analysis are as follows:
• 4-Chlor-o-toluidin
• 4-Chlor-o-toluidine
• 3,3-Dimethylbenzidin (= o-Tolidin)
• 3,3-Dimethylbenzidine (= o-Tolidin)
Produkterne 1, 4, 10, 11 og 12 blev analyseret for azofarvestoffer.
The products 1, 4, 10, 11, and 12 were analysed for azo dyes.
Der kunne ikke påvises azofarvestoffer over detektionsgrænsen i de udvalgte produkter.
The selected products did not detect azo dyes above the limit of detection.
I nedenstående tabel er angivet resultatet af denne analyse.
The below mentioned table provides the result of this analysis.
De stoffer, der er markeret med # efter navnet, er beregnet overfor ekstern standard (analyseusikkerhed på 15-20% RSD), hvorimod alle øvrige komponenter er beregnet overfor intern standard (analyseusikkerhed på 50-200% RSD).
The compounds marked with # are calculated to external standard (uncertainty 15-20% RSD), all other compounds are calculated to internal standard (uncertainty 50-200% RSD).
Resultater af GC/MS screeningen.
Results of the GC/MS screening.
Azacyclotridecan-2-on Benzaldehyd
Azacyclotridecan-2-on Benzaldehyde
Benzen, 1,3-dimethyl Benzen, 1,4-dichloro Benzen, 2,4diisocyanato-1-methyl Benzenamin, 5-chloro2,4-dimethoxy
Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl Benzene, 1,4-dichloro Benzene, 2,4diisocyanato-1-methyl Benzenamine, 5-chloro2,4-dimethoxy
Butyleret hydroxytoluen (BHT) n-Butylether#
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) n-Butylether#
Cyclohexanol, 4-(1,1dimethylethyl)- (isomere forbindelser)
Cyclohexanol, 4-(1,1dimethylethyl)- (isomer compounds)
Cyclopropan, nonyl* Diethylenglycol# (isomere forbindelser) Diisopropylenglycol# 2300 4,4-Dimethyl oxazolidine*
Cyclopropane, nonyl* Diethylene glycol# (isomer compounds) Diisopropylene glycol# 2300 4,4-Dimethyl oxazolidine*
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy# Ethen, 1,2-dichloro Ethylbenzen
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy# Ethene, 1,2-dichloro Ethylbenzene
Hexa(methoxymethyl)m elamin
Hexa(methoxymethyl) melamine
Parabener (sum) Phthalat
Parabenes (sum) Phthalate
Betyder ikke påvist * Angiver bedste bud på identifikation ** Overestimeret på grund af interferens fra andre toppe # Betyder beregnet overfor ekstern standard
Means not determined * Indicates the best possible identification ** Overestimated due to interference from other peaks # Calculated to external standard
Der er påvist flere typer af glycol forbindelser i produkterne som diisopropylenglycol, diethylenglycol, propylen glycol, 2-propanol, 2-(2butoxyethoxy) ethanol og 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol.
Several types of glycols were determined in the products as diisopropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol, and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol.
Disse glycoler anvendes typisk som opløsningsmidler.
These glycols are typically used as solvents.
Caprolactam kan bruges som opløsningsmiddel til polymerer.
Caprolactam is applicable as solvent for polymers.
Tributyl citrat kan anvendes som blødgører i f.eks. tonere/pigmenter.
Tributyl citrate can be used as softener in e.g. toner/pigments.
Glycerin kan bruges som opløsningsmiddel, men kan ligeledes benyttes som befugtningsmiddel, dvs. som en komponent der kan holde på vand og dermed forlænge tørretiden.
Glycerine is used as solvent; however, it is also applicable as a surface-active agent, i.e. as a component able to retain water and thus prolonging the drying time.
Hexamethylentetramin anvendes som hærder i visse produkter.
Hexamethylene tetramine is used as hardener in certain products.
Der er påvist isobutan i de to pop-up produkter.
Isobutane was determined in the two pop-up products.
En ny undersøgelse viser, at støj fra vejtrafik øger risikoen for at få slagtilfælde.
The assessment is based on information from the Municipial Database, given by the municipalities.
Tidligere studier har vist at støj fra vejtrafikken øger risikoen for blodprop i hjertet, formentlig fordi støj kan medføre stress og søvnforstyrrelser.
The statistic is partialy based on an estimate, due to the lack of informations from some of the municipalities.
Undersøgelsen har taget hensyn til forskelle i rygevaner, uddannelse, luftforurening og andre faktorer, som kunne være fejlkilder i forhold til støjens effekt.
The calculation of the amount of organic food-waste composted through the schemes is based on different principles to prior years.
Nye værktøjer til mekanisk ukrudtsbekæmpelse (NEWCUT)
Higher Productivity in Danish arable crop production (HighCrop)
Sustainable, flavourful and healthy vacuum dried products from food waste (WasteTaste)
Integrated larvea production for feed in organic egg production (BIOCONVAL)
Innovativt dysesystem til reduktion i forbrug og afdrift af pesticider
Multicriteria assesment and communication of effects of organic food systems (MULTI-TRUST)
Immunglobulin til fiskeproduktion: Bekæmpelse af infektioner uden antibiotika.
New market perspectives using herbs and berries in organic meat products (BERRYMEAT)
Niels-Peder Nielsen np@lf.dk
Conny Wang Hansen cowh@ferv.dk
Udvikling af økologiske højværdi-sorter af kål og porrer ved planteforædling
Roots and Compost, - organic crop production under reduced nutrient availability (RoCo)
Inger Bertelsen inb@vfl.dk
Conny Wang Hansen cowh@ferv.dk
Screening af vårbyg til økologiske sortsblandinger (MixBar)
Superb and Marketable Meat from Efficient and Robust Animals (SUMMER)
Dette projekt ”Kortlægning og sundhedsmæssig vurdering af kemiske stoffer i smykker” er udført for Miljøstyrelsen af FORCE Technology.
This project ”Survey and health assessment of chemical substances in jewelleries” is carried out by FORCE Technology for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
De udførte analyser er foretaget af FORCE Technology, Afdelingen for Kemisk Analyse.
The completed analyses are carried out by FORCE Technology, the Department for Chemical Analysis.
Formålet med projektet var, at kortlægge det danske marked for smykker og på denne baggrund udvælge et antal smykker til screening for indhold af tungmetal, samt analyse for afgivelse af tungmetaller.
The purpose of the project was to map the Danish market for jewelleries and based on this, to select a number of jewelleries for screening for content of heavy metal as well as analysis for release of heavy metals.
Tillige var formålet at analysere en række tekstilkædesmykker for indhold af det i EU forbudte stof benzidin.
Furthermore, the purpose was to analyse a number of textile necklaces for content of benzidine, which is banned in the EU.
Projektet er gennemført i en periode på otte måneder (april til november) i 2007.
The project was completed over a period of eight months (April to November) in 2007.
Der er i projektet fundet en del lovovertrædelser.
A number of offences have been found in the project.
Alle lovovertrædelser er indberetiget til Miljøstyrelsen
All offences have been reported to the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
Rapporten er blevet lavet med henblik på at resultaterne for sundhedsvurderingen for bly skal fremlægges i international sammenhæng.
The report has been written with the purpose of presenting the results of the health assessment of lead in an international context.
Disse smykker kan potentielt indeholde og afgive problematiske stoffer som f.eks. tungmetaller.
These jewelleries can potentially contain and release problematic substances as for instance heavy metals.
En række undersøgelser fra udlandet har påvist et problem med indhold af store mængder bly i såkaldte billige smykker.
A number of examinations from abroad have proved a problem with the content of large amounts of lead in so-called cheap jewelleries.
Alvorligheden af problemet bekræftes af et nyligt dødsfald af en 4-årig dreng, som ved et uheld havde slugt et hjerteformet smykke, der indeholdt over 99% bly.
The seriousness of the problem is confirmed by a 4 year old boy's death who by accident had swallowed a heart-shaped piece of jewellery containing above 99% lead.
Episoden ledte til en frivillig tilbagekaldelse af 300.000 eksemplarer af det nævnte smykke (Berg et al., 2006).
The incident lead to a voluntary recall of 300,000 pieces of the jewellery in question (Berg et al., 2006).
Yderligere har det vist sig, at tekstildelen i en halskæde importeret fra Tyrkiet indeholdt det i EU forbudte stof benzidin
Furthermore, it has turned out that the textile part of a necklace imported from Turkey contained the substance benzidine which is banned in the EU.
Dette projekt har således haft til formål at give et overblik over, hvorvidt der findes metalsmykker på det danske marked med et problematisk indhold af tungmetaller, samt hvorvidt dette indhold kan afgives i en koncentration, der giver anledning til sundhedsmæssige problemer for mennesker.
Thus, this project has had the purpose of providing an overview of whether metal jewelleries with a problematic content of heavy metals are available on the Danish market as well as whether this content can be released in an amount that causes health related problems for humans.
Et andet element i projektet var at undersøge, hvorvidt der eksisterer tekstilkæder på det danske marked indeholdende benzidin.
Another element in the project was to examine whether textile necklaces containing benzidine are available on the Danish market.
Projektet er udført af FORCE Technology, Afdelingen for Anvendt Miljøvurdering, der har stået for kortlægningen, udvælgelsen af produkter til analyse, samt den sundhedsmæssige vurdering.
The project is carried out by FORCE Technology, the Department for Applied Environmental Assessment, who has been responsible for the survey, the selection of products for analysis as well as the health assessment.
Analyserne af produkternes indholdsstoffer er blevet foretaget FORCE Technology, Afdelingen for Kemisk Analyse.
The analyses of the jewelleries have been completed by FORCE Technology, the Department for Chemical Analysis.
Kortlægningen og indkøb af smykker blev gennemført i perioden april til juli 2007.
The survey and purchase of jewelleries were completed in the period April to July 2007.
Der blev i alt indkøbt 170 metalsmykker fordelt på produkttyperne ringe, halskæder, armbånd, øreringe, piercingsmykker og ankelkæder.
In total 170 pieces of metal jewelleries were purchased, divided between the product types rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, piercing jewelleries and ankle chains.
Disse produkttyper blev valgt, idet de alle er produkter, der kommer i kontakt med huden.
These product types were selected as they all are products getting into contact with the skin.
Alle indkøb blev foretaget i Københavnsområdet.
All the purchases took place in the area of Copenhagen.
Hovedparten af smykkerne blev købt i følgende butikstyper: 10 kr's butikstyper, butikker med ejere af anden etnisk baggrund, smykkebutikker, stormagasiner, supermarkeder og tøjbutikker, mens en mindre del blev købt i internetbutikker.
The main part of the jewelleries was bought in the following types of shops: 10 kroner's shops, shops with owners of different ethnic background, jewellery shops, department stores, supermarkets and clothes shops, while a small part was bought in internet shops.
Samtlige metalsmykker blev screenet for indhold af Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Cr, Sb, As, Ba ved brug af et XRF-apparat.
All metal jewelleries were screened for a content of Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Cr, Sb, As, Ba by use of a XRF device.
Idet metalsmykker ofte består af forskellige metaldele (med forskelligt metalindhold og dermed afgivelse), blev hvert enkelt smykke screenet på maksimalt 3 forskellige dele.
As metal jewelleries often consist of different metal parts (with a different content of metal and thereby release) each piece of jewellery was screened on 3 different parts as a maximum.
Der blev således i alt screenet 318 delsmykker.
Thus, in total 318 jewellery parts were screened.
På basis af screeningsresultaterne blev der udvalgt 25 delsmykker til migrationstest for afgivelse af As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb og Se. Analysemetoden, der blev anvendt, var ”Migration til kunstig sved” efter DS/EN 1811:2000.
Based on the screening results 25 jewellery parts were selected for a migration test for release of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se. The used analysis method was “Migration to artificial sweat” according to DS/EN 1811:2000.
Delsmykkerne blev udvalgt således, at de dækkede de forskellige produkttyper (ringe, halskæder, armbånd, mv.) og de forskellige produktkategorier (sølvbelagt, guldlignende, uægte metal, mv.) så bredt som muligt, dog med det primære kriterium, at de repræsenterede en del af smykket, som havde kontakt til huden.
The jewellery parts were selected in such a way that they covered the different product types (rings, necklaces, bracelets etc.) and the different product categories (silver-coated, golden-like, non-precious metal etc.) as broadly as possible; however, with the primary criterion that they represented a part of the piece of jewellery being in contact with the skin.
Det blev så vidt muligt forsøgt at udvælge smykkedele som repræsenterede hele koncentrationsspændet relateret til indhold af bly og cadmium, dog blev fokus lagt på den lave ende af spektret, dvs. for bly mellem 100 og 2000 ppm og for cadmium mellem 75 og 2000 ppm.
As far as possible, the attempt was to select jewellery parts representing the entire concentration span related to the content of lead and cadmium; however, focus was primarily on the low part of the spectrum, i.e. for lead between 100 and 2000 ppm and for cadmium between 75 and 2000 ppm.
Der blev i alt indkøbt 62 tekstilkædesmykker.
In total 62 textile necklaces were purchased.
Hovedparten af tekstilkædesmykkerne blev indkøbt samtidig med metalsmykkerne.
The main part of the textile necklaces was purchased at the same time as the metal jewelleries.
Screeningen bestod i, at tekstilkæderne blev nedsænket i vand (40 grader) i 4 timer.
The screening consisted of lowering the textile necklaces into water (40 degrees) for a period of 4 hours.
Farvede ekstrakter i vandet er en indikation af muligt indhold af azofarvestoffer.
Coloured extracts in the water are an indication of a possible content of azo-dyes.
Herefter blev 10 tekstilkæder, repræsenterende forskellige farveudslag, udvalgt til kvantitativ analyse for indhold af benzidin.
Hereafter, 10 textile necklaces representing different colourings were selected for a quantitative analysis for a content of benzidine.
Analysemetoden, der blev anvendt var EN 14364-1:2003.
The analysis method being used was EN 14364-1:2003.
Resultater og hovedkonklusioner
Results and main conclusions
Konklusioner fra screeningen
Conclusions from the screening
De vigtigste konklusioner fra screeningen af metalsmykkerne var:
The most important conclusions from the screening of the metal jewelleries were:
58 % af alle undersøgte smykker indeholdt bly i en koncentration på over 100 ppm.
58% of all examined jewelleries contained lead in a concentration above 100 ppm.
Det maksimale indhold af bly i et delsmykke var på 69,6 %.
The maximum content of lead in a jewellery part was 69.6 %.
24 % af alle undersøgte smykker indeholdt cadmium i en koncentration over 75 ppm.
24% of all examined jewelleries contained cadmium in a concentration above 75 ppm.
Det maksimale indhold af cadmium i et delsmykke var på 29,15 %.
The maximum content of cadmium in a jewellery part was 29.15%.
2 % af de undersøgte smykker overskred et indhold på 100 ppm kviksølv.
2% of all the examined jewelleries exceeded a content of 100 ppm of mercury.
25 % af alle undersøgte smykker viste sig at indeholde nikkel i en volumenprocent over 1.
25% of all examined jewelleries turned out to contain nickel in a volume percentage above 1.
Det maksimale indhold af nikkel i et delsmykke var på 95 %.
The maximum content of nickel in a jewellery part was 95%.
Herudover blev der påvist en tendens til at specielt vedhæng, og især låse, indeholder bly og cadmium.
Furthermore, a tendency was proved that especially charms, and particularly catches, contain lead and cadmium.
Generelt var der ingen sammenhæng mellem smykketyperne (armbånd, øreringe, osv.) og indhold af bly og cadmium.
Generally, there was no relation between the types of jewelleries (bracelets, earrings etc.) and the content of lead and cadmium.
Det kan på grundlag af nærværende datamateriale ikke konkluderes om smykker indkøbt fra et bestemt land har større sandsynlighed for at indeholde tungmetaller.
Based of the present data material it cannot be concluded whether jewelleries bought from a certain country have a larger probability of containing heavy metals.
Dog kan nævnes, at for de 37 smykker, der vides at stamme fra Kina, har 30% vist sig at indeholde over 100 ppm bly, mens 24% har vist sig at indeholde over 75 ppm cadmium.
However, it can be mentioned that for the 37 jewelleries which are known to originate from China 30% has turned out to contain above 100 ppm lead while 24% has turned out to contain above 75 ppm of cadmium.
Der blev ikke fundet nogen sammenhæng mellem butikstype og indkøb af smykker med et højt indhold af tungmetaller.
No relation was found between shop type and purchase of jewelleries with a high content of heavy metals.
Der lader til at være en større chance for et stort indhold af Pb i de billigere metalsmykker (0 - ca. 10 kr. pr. gram), mens der for Cd ikke ser ud til at være en umiddelbar sammenhæng.
There seems to be a greater chance of a large content of Pb in the cheaper metal jewelleries (0 - approx. 10 kr. per gram), while for Cd there does not seem to be a direct relation.
Der fandtes ingen sammenhæng mellem indhold af tungmetal og produktkategorien (dvs. guldbelagte, sølvlignende, uægte metalsmykker, mv.).
The results did not indicate a relation between content of heavy metal and the product category (i.e. gold coated, silver-like, non-precious metal etc.).
Det kan således ikke antages, at smykker af f.eks. guld har større sandsynlighed for at indeholde bly eller cadmium end smykker af sølv eller uægte metal.
Thus, it cannot be assumed that jewelleries of for instance gold have a larger probability of containing lead or cadmium than jewelleries made of silver or non-precious metal.
Der var ligeledes heller ingen sammenhæng mellem de tre overordnede produktkategorier (guld, sølv og uægte metal) og indhold af bly og cadmium.
Furthermore, there was no relation between the three superior product categories (gold, silver and non-precious metal) and content of lead and cadmium.
Konklusioner fra migrationsanalysen
Conclusions from the migration analysis
Smykkerne til migrationstesten blev valgt ud fra en ligelig fordeling blandt udvælgelseskriterierne, dvs. indhold af tungmetal, belægning, produkttype samt delsmykketype.
The jewelleries for the migration test were selected based on an even distribution among the selection criteria, i.e. content of heavy metal, coating, product type and jewellery part.
Resultaterne fra migrationsanalysen til kunstig sved viste, at bly, cadmium, nikkel og kobber migrerede i en koncentration over detektionsgrænsen.
The results from the migration analysis for artificial sweat showed that lead, cadmium, nickel and copper migrated in a concentration above the detection limit.
Resultaterne fra migrationsanalysen viste ingen umiddelbar sammenhæng mellem migration og indhold af metallet, dvs. man kan ikke antage, at en høj koncentration af metallet i smykket medfører en høj migration.
The results from the migration analysis did not show any direct relation between migration and content of the metal, i.e. it cannot be assumed that a high concentration of the metal in the jewellery causes a high migration.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at for smykker, hvor blyindholdet ligger under ca. 1 %, er der stort set ingen migration af bly fundet sted.
However, it shall be noted that nearly no migration of lead has taken place for jewelleries where the content of lead is below approximately 1%.
Lignende tendens ses ikke for de andre metaller
Similar tendency is not seen for the other metals.
Dette betyder med andre ord, at den orale eksponering er undervurderet til en vis grad.
In other words this means that the oral exposure in this study is underestimated to a certain degree.
Det antages dog, på baggrund af et studie vedrørende dannelse af metalchlorider i havvand (Strandesen et al., 2007), at denne forskel (i dannelse af metalchlorider) ligger i størrelsesordenen 3-4 % og derfor ikke forventes at have afgørende indflydelse på resultaterne.
However, it is assumed based on a study concerning formation of metal chlorides in seawater (Strandesen et al., 2007) that this difference (in formation of metal chlorides) is in the order of magnitude of 3-4% and therefore is not expected to have significant influence on the results.
Det skal ligeledes bemærkes, at eksponeringsberegningerne er behæftet med en vis usikkerhed, idet beregningerne er baseret på antagelsen om, at det primært er uorganiske metalforbindelser (især metalchlorider), der dannes i sved (og spyt), der har kontakt med smykkerne.
Furthermore, it shall be noted that the exposure calculations are associated with some uncertainty as the calculations are based on the assumption that it is primarily inorganic metal compounds (especially metal chlorides) that are formed in sweat (and saliva) that are in contact with the jewelleries.
Dvs. orale og dermale optagelsesrater er primært baseret på studier vedrørende uorganiske metalforbindelser.
In other words, oral and dermal absorption rates are primarily based on studies concerning inorganic metal compounds.
Endelig viste det sig, at 2 af de 10 analyserede tekstilkæder havde et indhold af benzidin på henholdsvis 100 og 1200 mg/kg, og dermed havde et indhold af benzidin, der overskrider det tilladte.
Finally, it turned out that 2 of the 10 analysed textile necklaces had a content of benzidine of 100 and 1200 mg/kg respectively and thus had a content of benzidine exceeding the legally recognized amount.
Konklusioner fra sundheds- og risikovurderingen
Conclusions from the health and risk assessment
Der blev udarbejdet en sundhedsvurdering for bly, cadmium, nikkel og kobber, hvorefter der blev lavet eksponeringsberegninger for samtlige prøver, der viste migration over detektionsgrænsen.
Health assessments for lead, cadmium, nickel and copper were performed and followed by exposure calculations for all samples showing migration above the detection limit.
Når man bærer smykkerne undersøgt i dette projekt, er der ingen af dem, der giver problemer relateret til blyeksponering via huden (dog ligger en del smykker tæt på at overskride TDI værdien).
Wearing the jewelleries examined in this project does not result in problems related to exposure of lead through the skin (though a number of jewelleries is close to exceed the TDI value).
Imidlertid giver mange af de undersøgte smykker problemer relateret til cadmiumeksponering via huden, mens der i enkelte tilfælde også er problemer relateret til nikkeleksponering via huden.
However, many of the examined jewelleries cause problems related to cadmium exposure through the skin while in a few cases there are also problems related to nickel exposure through the skin.
Kobberindholdet i smykkerne gav ikke anledning til problemer.
The copper content in the jewelleries gave no cause for problems.