natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hvis PVC var nævnt, blev der for eksempel spurgt ind til brug af blødgørere.
If PVC was mentioned, questions about the use of plasticizers were asked.
Hvis kunstlæder var nævnt, blev der spurgt ind til, om plastkomponenten var PVC, PUR eller noget tredje, ligesom der blev spurgt ind til brugen af andre additiver.
If artificial leather was mentioned, it was asked whether the plastic component was PVC, PUR or something else and questions about use of other additives were asked.
Producenterne blev også spurgt, om de anvendte andre materialer, der kom i kontakt med øret, og endelig blev de spurgt om, hvorvidt de have fået klager fra kunderne over irritation eller allergi fra brugen af hovedtelefoner.
The producers were also asked whether they used other materials which come into contact with the ear and finally, they were asked whether they have had complains from customers about irritation or allergy from the use of headphones.
Hvis der ikke var oplysninger om brugen af (navngivne) materialer, blev der spurgt ind til hvilke materialer, der kom i kontakt med øret, om de indeholdt additiver, og i givet fald hvilke.
If there was no information about the use of (specified) materials, it was asked which materials gets into contact with the ear, whether they contained additives and if so, which additives.
Også denne gruppe af producenter blev spurgt om, hvorvidt de havde modtaget klager fra kunderne.
Also this group of producers was asked whether they had received complains from the customers.
Hvis en producent fra en af to grupper markedsfører et stort antal produkter, blev der i visse tilfælde kun spurgt ind til et fåtal af disse.
In certain cases, if a producer from one of two groups markets a large number of products, questions about only a few of these were asked.
Baggrunden for denne strategi var, at det blev antaget, at opgaven med at give et fyldestgørende svar for alle produkter ville være så ressourcekrævende, at man alene af denne grund ville vælge at negligere henvendelsen.
The background for this strategy was that it was assumed that the task of giving a satisfactory answer for all products would be so demanding in terms of resoures that the producer would choose to ignore the request for this very reason.
Resultaterne af Internet-søgninger og henvendelse til producenter rapporteres i de efterfølgende kapitler.
The results of the Internet searches and requests to producers are reported in the next chapters.
6 Kortlægning af markedet for høreværn
6 Survey of the market for hearing protection aids
Det er heller ikke lykkedes at identificere hvilken eller hvilke branche(r), producenterne tilhører.
It has not been possible either to identify which branch(es) the producers belong to.
I visse tilfælde er der med stor sandsynlighed tale om datterselskaber til større koncerner med en meget bred vifte af produkter på markedet.
In certain cases it is most probably subsidiary companies of a large concern with a very wide range of products in the market.
De individuelt tilpassede In-ear modeller produceres både i Danmark og i udlandet.
The individually adapted In-ear models are produced both in Denmark and abroad.
For nogle produkters vedkommende sker det på den måde, at der i Danmark tages et aftryk af ørets form, hvorefter der i udlandet fremstilles et sæt ørepropper.
For certain products it takes place in the way that in Denmark an imprint of the shape of the ear is taken and thereafter a set of ear plugs is produced abroad.
Også her kan der være tale om, at høreværnene er en del af et større produktsortiment, der f.eks. også kan omfatte høreapparater.
Also here it might be the case that the hearing protection aids are a part of a large product range which for example could include hearing aids.
Der er ikke krav til bortskaffelse af høreværn, medmindre de indeholder elektronisk udstyr.
There are no requirements to disposal of hearing protection aids unless they contain electronic equipment.
Det er derfor heller ikke muligt at få en indikation af markedets størrelse ad denne vej.
Therefore it is not possible to get an indication of the size of the market in this way.
Der kan derfor ikke gives et egentligt estimat af markedet for høreværn.
Accordingly, a good estimate of the market for hearing protection aids cannot be given.
Det kan heller ikke lade sig gøre at differentiere mellem de to grundlæggende typer af høreværn, ligesom det heller ikke kan lade sig gøre at skelne mellem produkter til professionelt brug og til fritidsbrug.
It is not possible either to differentiate between the two basic types of hearing protection aids, or to distinguish between products for professional use and for leisure use.
Almindelig sund fornuft siger dog, at markedet er væsentligt mindre end markedet for hovedtelefoner, da der er tale om produkter med en lang levetid, der anvendes af en mindre gruppe forbrugere.
However, common sense says that the market is substantially smaller than the market for headphones as they are products with a long lifetime being used of a small group of consumers.
Et meget groft gæt er, at antallet af solgte høreværn til fritidsbrug ikke overstiger 10.000 årligt og dermed udgør 1-2% af markedet for hovedtelefoner.
A very rough guess is that the number of sold hearing protection aids for leisure use does not exceed 10,000 units annually and is thus 1-2% of the market for headphones.
Antallet af høreværn til professionelt brug antages at være noget højere, idet det er et lovkrav, at de ansatte skal beskyttes mod høreskadende støj.
The number of hearing protection aids for professional use is assumed to be somewhat higher as it is a legal demand that the employees have to be protected against hearing damaging noise.
Her spiller levetiden for et høreværn naturligvis ind, og det skal i denne forbindelse bemærkes, at det i nogle tilfælde er muligt at udskifte dele af et høreværn, f.eks. betræk og/eller ørepuder.
Here the lifetime of a hearing protection aid of course comes into play and in this connection it should be mentioned that in some cases it is possible to replace parts of a hearing protection aid, e.g. cover and/or ear pads.
Det er dog ikke en del af projektet at undersøge høreværn til professionelt brug.
However, it is not a part of the project to investigate hearing protection aids for professional use.
6.2 Identifikation af producenter af høreværn
6.2 Identification of producers of hearing protection aids
Producenter og leverandører af høreværn blev identificeret via Internet-søgninger, både i den mest simple form ved at søge på ”høreværn” på Google og ved at søge på ”høreværn” på hjemmesider for byggemarkeder, værktøjsleverandører, arbejdsmiljøprofessionelle, mm.
Producers and suppliers of hearing protection aids were identified via Internet searches, both in the most simple way by searching for “hearing protection aids” on Google and by searching for “hearing protection aids” on home pages for do-it-yourself markets, tool suppliers, working environment organisations, etc.
Det bemærkes, at det ikke var muligt at skelne mellem produkter til private og professionelle, så det antages, at der ikke er principielle forskelle på de produkter, der sælges til de to brugertyper.
It shall be noted that it was not possible to distinguish between products for private use and professional use so it is assumed that there are not fundamental differences between the products being sold to the two types of users.
Produkter/producenter af høreværn på det danske marked
Products/producers of hearing protection aids on the Danish market
Fjorten af disse producenter blev kontaktet via e-mail eller kontaktformularer på deres Internet-side.
Fourteen of these producers were contacted via e-mail or contact forms on their Internet page.
Undtaget var f.eks. produkter som Bulloch og ”Passiv høreværn”, der sælges i en alt-mulig butik, og hvor det hverken via sælgerens hjemmeside eller mere detaljerede søgninger var muligt at finde yderligere oplysninger om produktet eller producenten.
Exceptions were e.g. made for products like Bulloch and “Passive hearing protection aids” which are sold in an multi-product shops, and where it neither through the seller's homepage nor more detailed searches was possible to find further information about the product or the producer.
Formålet med kontakten var at få direkte oplysninger om anvendte materialer og/eller mulighed for at få mere detaljerede oplysninger fra underleverandører.
The purpose of the contact was to get direct information about the materials used and/or a possibility of getting more detailed information from sub-suppliers.
Som nævnt var det videnmæssige udgangspunkt meget tyndt, og der blev derfor anvendt den samme strategi som for hovedtelefoner:
As mentioned the initial knowledge base was rather poor and therefore the same strategy as for headphones was used.
Producenter, der opgiver information om et eller flere materialer, blev bedt om yderligere oplysninger om de pågældende materialer.
Producers giving information about one or more materials were asked for further information about the materials in question.
Producenterne blev også spurgt, om de anvendte andre materialer, der kom i kontakt med øret, og endelig blev de spurgt om, hvorvidt de havde fået klager fra kunderne over irritation eller allergi fra brugen af høreværn.
The producers were also asked whether they applied other materials which come into contact with the ear and finally, they were asked whether they have had complains from customers about irritation or allergy from the use of hearing protection aids.
Hvis der ikke var oplysninger om brugen af (navngivne) materialer, blev der spurgt ind til hvilke materialer, der kom i kontakt med øret, om de indeholdt additiver, og i givet fald hvilke.
If there was no information about the use of (specified) materials, it was asked which materials gets into contact with the ear, whether they contain additives and if so, which additives.
Nogle producenter, f.eks. Peltor, Bilsom og Sordin, markedsfører et større antal produkter, og der blev derfor kun spurgt ind til enkelte af disse.
Some producers, e.g. Peltor, Bilsom og Sordin, market a large number of products and therefore there was only asked about details for a few selected products.
Baggrunden for denne strategi var, at det blev antaget, at opgaven med at give et fyldestgørende svar for alle produkter ville være så ressourcekrævende, at man alene af denne grund ville vælge at negligere henvendelsen.
The background for this strategy was that it was assumed that the task of giving a satisfactory answer for all products would demand so considerable resources that the producer would choose to ignore the request for information for this very reason.
Resultaterne af Internet-søgninger og henvendelse til producenter rapporteres i de efterfølgende kapitler.
The results of the Internet searches and application to producers are reported in the next chapters.
7 Materialer i hovedtelefoner og høreværn
7 Materials in headphones and hearing protection aids
7.1.1 Materialer, fundet via Internetsøgninger
7.1.1 Materials, found via Internet searches
Stort set alle oplysninger om anvendte materialer er fremkommet via søgninger på producenternes hjemmesider på Internettet.
Most of the information about materials is found via searches on the producers' homepages on the Internet.
Kun en meget begrænset del af de tilgængelige produkter er beskrevet med hensyn til de materialer, der kommer i kontakt med øret, og der er i stort set alle tilfælde tale om det materiale, der anvendes til ørepuder, eller som højttalerne i In-ear hovedtelefoner er støbt ind i.
Only a very limited part of the available products is described with regard to the materials coming into contact with the ear and in nearly all cases the information concerns the material being used for ear pads, or in which the loudspeakers in In-ear headphones are moulded.
Nedenfor opremses de materialebetegnelser, der er fundet ved søgningerne, uanset om de forekommer hyppigt eller kun er fundet i et enkelt tilfælde
Below the material being identified via the searches are stated, no matter if they appear often or are only found in a single case.
Materialebetegnelser i relation til hovedtelefoner.
Material identification in relation to headphones.
Det har på baggrund af søgningerne ikke været muligt at se en entydig sammenhæng mellem materialevalg og kvalitet/pris.
Based on the searches it has not been possible to establish an unambiguous connection between the choice of material and the quality/price.
Kunstlæder, der i parentes bemærket ikke er et veldefineret materiale, er sammen med PVC det materiale, der hyppigst nævnes til Around-ear hovedtelefoner, mens tekstil og læder kun nævnes få gange, alle i forbindelse med produkter, der umiddelbart vurderes som ”high-end” produkter af høj kvalitet.
Artificial leather (which is not a well-defined material) is together with PVC the material being mentioned most often for Around-ear headphones while textile and leather are only mentioned a few times, all in connection with products which are judged to be “high-end” products of a high quality.
”Skum” antages at dække over skumgummi, der primært fremstilles af polyurethan, men som også kan fremstilles ved at opskumme PVC.
“Foam” is assumed to cover foam rubber which is primarily manufactured from polyurethane but it can also be manufactured from PVC.
For In-ear hovedtelefoner er silikone tilsyneladende det fremherskende materialevalg, men også ”gummi” nævnes i denne forbindelse, dog uden en mere præcis beskrivelse.
For In-ear headphones silicone seems to be the dominant choice of material but also “rubber” is mentioned in this connection, however, without a more precise description.
Til mange af disse hører et overtræk af opskummet plast, der på samme måde som for Around-ear og On-ear hovedtelefoner primært vil være fremstillet af PUR (polyurethan) eller PVC.
For many of these, a cover of foamed plastic is included which in the same way as for Around-ear and On-ear headphones will primarily be manufactured from PUR (polyurethane) or PVC.
Hvilke materialer, der anvendes til in-ear med hårde propper, fremgik ikke af de svar vi modtog.
However, one single producer of head sets and other electronic equipment placed an analysis report of a product at our disposal.
Svarene fra producenter/leverandører bidrog kun med få detaljer udover oplysninger om de primære materialer, der anvendes.
From the report and the following communication it appears that the following materials can get into contact with the skin for the product in question:
En detaljeret gennemgang af analyseresultaterne findes i afsnit 8.3.
A detailed examination of the analysis results is found in section 8.3.
7.1.2.1 Oplysninger om toksikologi og brugererfaringer
7.1.2.1 Information about toxicology and user-experience
Ingen af de producenter af hovedtelefoner, der svarede på henvendelsen, havde kendskab til, at deres produkter havde medført allergi eller andre gener og sygdomme hos brugerne.
None of the producers of headphones answering to the inquiry had the knowledge that their products had caused allergy or other inconveniences and diseases for the users.
Det skal bemærkes, at oplysninger om dette fra enkeltpersoner ikke kan betragtes som fuldt dækkende, men det har været uden for projektets rammer at følge op over for producenter og leverandør.
It shall be noted that information about this from individual persons cannot be regarded as fully adequate but it has been outside the frames of the project to follow up at producers and suppliers.
Et anerkendt institut har vurderet analyseresultaterne af det headset, der er beskrevet overordnet i 7.1.2 og mere detaljeret i afsnit 8.3 med hensyn til risikoen for, at materialerne fremkalder allergi hos brugerne af headset'et.
An acknowledged institute has assessed the analysis results of the headset being described in general in 7.1.2 and more detailed in section 8.3 with regard to the risk that the materials cause allergy in the users of the headset.
Instituttet peger i deres vurdering på følgende stoffer som potentielt problematiske i relation til allergi: cobalt, nikkel, chrom og 4-tert-butylphenol.
In their assessment, the institute points at the following substances as potentially problematic in relation to allergy: cobalt, nickel, chromium and 4-tert-butyl phenol.
På baggrund af de lave koncentrationer af de fire stoffer i materialerne er det dog instituttets vurdering, at der ikke kan forventes allergiske reaktioner.
Based on the low concentrations of the four substances in the materials, the institute concludes that allergic reactions cannot be expected.
Ingen af de stoffer, der er analyseret for, vurderes at være irritanter.
None of the substances identified in the analysis were regarded as irritants.
Instituttet bemærker dog, at der kan have været andre stoffer i materialerne end de, der er blevet udvalgt til analyserne.
However, the institute remarks that there might have been other substances in the materials than those being selected for the analyses.
7.2 Materialer i høreværn
7.2 Materials in hearing protection aids
Hvilke materialer, der anvendes i høreværn, er forsøgt kortlagt ved Internet-søgninger og direkte henvendelser til producenter.
Mapping of the materials being used in hearing protection aids was attempted through Internet searches and direct inquiries to producers.
7.2.1 Materialer, fundet ved Internet-søgninger
7.2.1 Materials, found through Internet searches
Via Internet-søgningerne blev følgende materialebetegnelser fundet for de to typer af høreværn:
Through the Internet searches the following materials were identified for the two types of hearing protection aids.
Acryl/silikone-blanding
Acrylic/silicone-mixture
Forekomsten af PVC i Around-ear høreværn blev bekræftet af tre af de store producenter.
The occurrence of PVC in Around-ear hearing protection aids was confirmed by three of the large producers.
Den ene fortalte endvidere, at der var blevet gennemført to tests for allergifremkaldende egenskaber - begge var negative.
One of them also told that two tests for allergenic properties had been made - both were negative.
Det har desværre ikke været muligt at få yderligere detaljer om indholdet af additiver i de pågældende produkter, eller om de pågældende allergitests.
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to get further details about the content of additives in the products in question or about the allergy tests in question.
En anden producent udleverede dog en liste over de krav til stofkoncentrationer, deres produkter skal overholde for at blive godkendt efter BG Prüfzert, der er en tysk sammenslutning af test- og certificeringsorganer, der primært beskæftiger sig med arbejdsmiljø.
However, another producer provided a list of the requirements to concentrations of substances which their products must comply with in order to be approved by BG Prüfzert which is a German association of test and certifying bodies which primarily deals with working environment.
For høreværn er der følgende krav til indholdsstoffer
For hearing protection aids the following requirements to constituents are laid down:
Krav i BG Prüfzert til maximumskoncentrationer af visse stoffer og stofgrupper
Requirements in BG Prüfzert for maximum concentrations of certain substances and groups of substances
(Dimethylftalat, diethylftalat, di-n-butylftalat, di-idobutylftalat, benzylbutylftalat, di-(2-ethylhexyl) ftalat, di-n-octyl-phthalat, di-so-nonylftalat, andre ftalater, der er kvantificerbare med reference til den anvendt analysemetode.
Dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, di-n-butylphthalate, di-isobutylphthalate, benzylbutylphthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl-phthalate, di-iso-nonylphthalate, other phthalates being quantifiable with reference to the applied method of analysis.
≤ 5000 mg/kg (indtil 30/6-2008 ≤ 7500 mg/kg)
≤ 5000 mg/kg (until 30/6-2008 ≤ 7500 mg/kg)
(total af monobutyl-, dibutyl-, tributyl-, tetrabutyl- og dioctyltin.
(Total of monobutyl, dibutyl, tributyl, tetrabutyl and dioctyl tin.
Skal kun bestemmes, hvis koncentrationen af tin er større end 50 mg/kg).
Shall only be determined if the concentration of tin is larger than 50 mg/kg).
Det ligger uden for projektets rammer at gennemføre en vurdering af betydningen af at opfylde disse krav.
It is outside the frames of the project to complete an assessment of the importance of fulfilling these requirements.
Det er dog klart, at der for ftalater er tale om forholdsvis lave koncentrationer, der er tilladt (0,05% di-(2-ethylhexyl)ftalat og 0,5% total ftalat), idet blød PVC ofte indeholder koncentrationer af ftalat på mere end 30%.
However, it is clear that for phthalates it is rather low concentrations that are permitted (0.05% di-(2-ethylhexyle)phthalate and 0.5% total phthalate) as soft PVC often contains more than 30% phthalate.
Ligeså blev anvendelsen af silikone og akryl i in-ear høreværn bekræftet af leverandører.
Likewise the use of silicone and acrylic in in-ear hearing protection aids was confirmed by suppliers.
For in-ear høreværn af silikone blev der stillet både råvarer og et ”færdigt” sæt høreværn til rådighed for analyser.
For in-ear hearing protection aids of silicone both raw materials and a “finished” set of hearing protection aids were made available for analyses.
For in-ear høreværn af både silikone og akryl stillede en producent et sæt sikkerhedsdatablade til rådighed for projektet.
A producer of in-ear hearing protection aids of both silicone and acrylic made a set of safety data sheets available for the project.
Det skal bemærkes, at in-ear høreværn af både akryl og silikone er individuelt tilpassede, idet de enten fremstilles ved støbning direkte i øret (muligt med silikone) eller støbning i en form, der er et aftryk af ørets facon.
It should be noted that in-ear hearing protection aids of both acrylic and silicone are individually fitted as they are either manufactured through embedment directly in the ear (possible with silicone) or embedment in a mould giving an imprint of the shape of the ear.
Sikkerhedsdatabladene beskriver følgende stoffer, som ligger til grund for klassificering af råvarerne:
The safety data sheets describe the following substances which are the basis of classification of the raw materials:
Indholdsstoffer i råvarer til produktion af høreværn i silikone og akryl.
Constituents in raw materials for production of hearing protection aids in silicone and acrylic.
Fra producenternes sikkerhedsdatablade.
From the producers' safety data sheets.
Arbejdspladseksponering mulig - koncentration ikke oplyst
Working place exposure possible - concentration not stated
Mindst en producent angiver at have mulighed for at overfladebehandle høreværn af silikone med en lak, der er baseret på toluen (20-60%) og xylen (20-60%).
At least one producer states to have a possibility of surface treatment of hearing protection aids of silicone with a lacquer based on toluene (20-60%) and xylene (20-60%).
Fra en anden producent af høreværn af silikone medfølger en flaske med smøremiddel, der kan lette indføringen af høreværnet.
From another producer of hearing protection aids of silicone a bottle with lubricant is included which can ease the insertion of the hearing protection aids.
Blandt ingredienserne i dette smøremiddel er phenylkviksølv nitrat i koncentrationer på mindre end 0,01%.
Among the constituents in this lubricant is phenyl mercury nitrate in concentrations of less than 0.01%.
Stoffet er et konserveringsmiddel.
The substance is a preservative.
Ingen af de producenter af Around-ear høreværn, der svarede på henvendelsen, havde kendskab til, at deres produkter havde medført allergi eller andre gener og sygdomme hos brugerne.
None of the producers of Around-ear hearing protection aids answering to the inquiry had the knowledge that their products had caused allergy or other inconveniences and diseases for the users.