natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sundhedsvurderingen af produkter til opbygning af kunstige negle viste, at der ikke er sundhedsmæssige risici for systemiske effekter forbundet med brugen.
The health assessment of products for building up artificial nails showed that there is no health risks of systemic effects related to the use.
Hvis hudkontakt forekommer ved udarbejdelsen af den kunstige negl vil der forekomme en risiko for kontaktallergi, idet produkterne indeholder allergifremkaldende akryl monomerer i koncentrationer op til 15 %.
Skin contact will result in a risk of contact allergy, if the products contain allergenic acrylate monomers in concentrations of up to 15%.
Dette gælder især for gelneglene, der indeholder høje koncentrationer (op til 8 %) af især 2-hydroxyethylakrylat, der anses som den ingrediens med det højeste allergifremkaldende potentiale af de testede ingredienser.
This applies specifically for the gel nails that contain high concentrations (up to 8%) of particularly 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, which is considered to be the ingredient with the highest allergenic potential of the tested ingredients.
I lappeprøver med akrylat-overfølsomme personer ses elicitering af allergi ved koncentrationer på 0,1 % 2-hydroxyethyl akrylat.
In patch tests with acrylate sensitized persons elicitation of allergy at concentrations of 0.1% 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate was observed.
Akrylneglene (liquid and powder) synes at udgøre en lavere risiko for kontaktallergi idet der findes lavere koncentrationer af de mest allergipotente akrylater i disse produkter.
The acrylic nails (liquid and powder) appeared to produce a lower risk of contact allergy, as these products contain lower concentrations of the most allergy potent acrylates in these products.
Der forekommer dog stadig en signifikant risiko for allergi ved brug af produkterne.
However using the products still constitutes a significant risk of allergy.
Konklusionen af dette kortlægningsprojekt er, at produkterne indeholder sundhedsskadelige stoffer i så høje koncentrationer at de udgør en signifikant risiko for kontaktallergi.
The conclusion of this survey project is that the products contain chemical substances in concentrations so high that they constitute a significant risk of contact allergy.
Samtidigt er det blevet tydeligt, hvor vigtigt selve påførelsen af denne type produkt på neglen er.
The survey also demonstrates how important the application of this type of product is.
Mange af de indkøbte produkter markedsføres til professionelt brug, men det vurderes, at den private forbruger ikke vil have svært ved at skaffe produkterne til privat brug.
Many of the purchased products are marketed for professional use, but the private consumer is assessed not to have difficulty in obtaining the products for private use.
Det vurderes at risikoen for kontaktallergi ved brug forøges væsentlig, hvis produkterne kommer i kontakt med huden.
However, the risk of contact allergy increases considerably by use, if the products come into contact with the skin.
Ligesom det vurderes at risikoen for hudkontakt falder med stigende erfaring i pålægning af kunstige negle.
It is also assessed that the risk of skin contact decreases with the increasing experience in building up artificial nails.
8.1 Anbefalinger til forbrugere
8.1 Recommendations to the consumers
♦ Vær forsigtig ved påføring af neglehærder så det kun smøres på neglen og ikke på huden.
Be careful when applying nail hardener so that it only covers the nail and not the skin.
Herved reduceres risikoen for formaldehydallergi.
This decreases the risk of formaldehyde.
♦ Luft godt ud når du bruger neglehærder for at reducere mængden af formaldehyd der indåndes og deponeres på huden.
To reduce the amount of formaldehyde that is inhaled and deposited on the skin, the room should be well aired when using nail hardeners
♦ Brug ikke neglehærder med formaldehyd på beskadigede negle.
Do not use nail hardeners containing formaldehyde on broken nails.
Hvis neglen er flækket, kan indholdsstofferne komme i kontakt med vævet under neglen, hvilket forøger risikoen for at udvikle allergi
If the nail is broken, the ingredients can come into contact with the tissue under the nail and increase the risk of allergy.
♦ Brug kvalificerede negleteknikere til påsætning af ”powder + liquid negle”, ”gelnegle”, ”wrapping negle” og ”dip on negle”.
Use qualified nail technicians for building up ”powder + liquid nails”, ”gel nails”, ”wrapping nails” and ”dip on nails”.
Disse produkter bør ikke påføres af private forbrugere, da eksponeringen for allergifremkaldende stoffer forøges væsentligt ved forkert anvendelse.
These products should not be applied by private consumers, due to the increasing risk of exposure of allergenic substances when misused.
Dette kortlægningsprojekt har ikke behandlet arbejdsmiljøet for personale i skønhedskliniker og lignende, men det er vigtigt at påpege, at disse produkter indeholder stoffer, der kan give grund til bekymring for arbejdsmiljøet.
clinique's etc., but it is important to emphasize that these products contain substances that may give rise to concern within the working environment.
10.1 Livstidseksponering for formaldehyd
10.1 Lifetime exposure to formaldehyde
Følgende brugsanvisning for neglehærdere forefindes i forskellige produktbeskrivelser.
The following use of nail hardeners has been stated in different product descriptions:
3. Gentag proceduren i 14 dage
3. Repeat the steps for 14 days.
4. Efter denne 14-dages procedure må produktet kun bruges 1-2 gange pr.
4. After this 14-days procedure the product should only be used 1-2 times
5. 14-dages behandlingen må ikke gentages mere end 1-2 gange om året.
5. The 14-day treatment should not be repeated more than 1-2 times a year.
Livstidseksponeringen kan estimeres, der er udregnet på basis af denne brugsanvisning vil give følgende eksponering
Estimating a life-time exposure based on these instructions of use will result in the following exposure:
2 gange x 14 dage = 28 gange Resten af året 2 gange pr uge: 48 uger x 2 gange/uge = 96 gange
2 times x 14 days = 28 times Rest of the year 2 times peer week: 48 weeks x 2 times/week = 96 times
Hvert år; maksimal anvendelse: 124 gange
Each year; maximum of use is: 124 times
Da formaldehyds kræftfremkaldende potentiale kun forventes at komme i effekt efter inhalation, bruges kun den forudsatte procent inhalation efter brugen af neglehærdere til beregning af den totale livstidseksponering
As the carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde is expected to be only after inhalation exposure only the assumed percentage of inhalation after use of nail hardeners are used to calculate the total life-time exposure.
Femogtyve procent formaldehyd forventes at fordampe i løbet af tørringsprocessen.
Twenty-five percent formaldehyde is expected to evaporate during the drying process.
Det forudsættes, at den en frigivet i personens nærområde, som svarer til 1 m
It is assumed that it is released in the close area around the person corresponding to 1 m
Eksponering for formaldehyd blev beregnet til:
Exposure of formaldehyde was calculated to be:
Daglig eksponering, formaldehyd:
Daily exposureinhalation, formaldehyde:
1 gang pr dag x 0,00025 kg neglehærder x 25 % x 50 g formaldehyd/kg produkt 1 m3
1 time pr day x 0.00025 kg nail hardener x 25% x 50 g formaldehyde/kg product 1 m3
Den gennemsnitlige eksponering i løbet af et år: 3,125 mg/m
The mean exposure during a year: 3.125 mg/m
Kortlægning og risikovurdering af kemiske stoffer i gulvtæpper til børn
Survey and risk assessment of chemical substances in rugs for children
Formålet med projektet er at kortlægge, hvilke kemikalier inden for kategorierne VOC, ftalater og PFAS, der afgives fra gulvtæpper til indeklimaet i børneværelser og om der er en sundhedsmæssig risiko forbundet derved.
The purpose of the project is to map, which chemicals within the categories, VOC, phthalates and PFAS are emitted from rugs to the indoor air in children's rooms, and whether a health risk is connected thereby.
Projektets formål er også ved hjælp af sensorisk undersøgelse at vurdere, om der er en sammenhæng mellem lugte og indhold kemiske stoffer, herunder særligt VOC.
The purpose of the project is also by means of sensory evaluation to assess, whether there is a connection between odours and content of chemical substances including VOC.
Kemiske analyser af 21 tæpper viste, at alle tæpper gassede VOC i forskellige koncentrationsniveauer.
The chemical analyses of 21 rugs showed that all rugs emitted VOC at different levels.
Selvom de identificerede VOC ikke er fundet sundhedsskadelige i de målte koncentrationer, kan det ikke udelukkes, at de kan give anledning til dårlig lugt og være årsag til en forringet luftkvalitet i indeklimaet på børneværelset.
Even though the identified VOCs are not found to be hazardous to health at the measured concentrations, they can still cause bad odour and a decreased indoor air quality in the children's room.
Der blev påvist meget lavt indhold af PFAS i 5 tæpper, men dette vurderes til ikke at udgøre en sundhedsmæssig risiko for børn
A low content of PFAS was demonstrated in 5 rugs and as well as the presence of phthalate in one rug, but the substances are considered not to cause any health hazard for children
Bilag 5: Udkast til Japansk Industri Standard for tandblegemidler
Annex 5: Draft Japanese Industrial Standard for tooth-whitening agents.
Nærværende rapport beskriver resultaterne af projektet.
This report is a description of the results of the project.
Formålet med projektet har været at udvikle en ny analysemetode til bestemmelse af peroxid-indholdet i tandblegeprodukter.
The purpose of the project was to develop a new analysis method for determining the peroxide content in tooth-whitening products.
Projektet er udført af Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser, Aarhus Universitet, Afdeling for Miljøkemi og Mikrobiologi.
The project was conducted by the National Environmental Research Institute (NERI), University of Aarhus, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology.
Projektansvarlige for Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser har været Svend J. Binnerup og Niels Kroer.
The project representatives from NERI were Svend J. Binnerup and Niels Kroer.
I projektgruppen har desuden indgået Suresh C. Rastogi og Margit M. Fernqvist.
Members of the project group also included Suresh C. Rastogi and Margit M. Fernqvist.
Ansvarlig for laboratorieanalyserne har været Margit M. Fernqvist.
Margit M. Fernqvist was responsible for laboratory analyses.
Dorrit Skals, MST (formand)
Elisabeth Paludan, Danish EPA
Projektresultater - Protokol til bestemmelse af frit og bundet brintperoxid i tandblegemidler
Project results - protocol to determine free or bound hydrogen peroxide in tooth-whitening agents
Udvikling af katalase bioassay til peroxid-bestemmelse
Development of a catalase bioassay for the determination of peroxide
I dette projekt er udviklet et katalase bioassay til bestemmelse af peroxid indholdet i tandblegeprodukter.
This project developed a catalase bioassay for the determination of the content of peroxide in tooth-whitening products.
Katalase bioassayet omdanner peroxid til ilt som måles ved hjælp af en elektrode.
The catalase bioassay converts peroxide into oxygen, which is then measured with a probe.
Katalase bioassayet er afprøvet på rene peroxider (brintperoxid, ureaperoxid, calciumperoxid, natriumperborat og natriumpercarbonat), der alle indgår som aktive stoffer i tandblegeprodukter, samt på en række forskellige tandblegeprodukter på det danske marked.
The catalase bioassay was tested on pure peroxides (hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate), all of which are active substances in tooth-whitening products, as well as on a number of different tooth-whitening products on the Danish market.
Behov for forbedret metode til bestemmelse af aktivstoffer i tandblegeprodukter
Need for an improved method to determine active substances in tooth-whitening products
Næsten alle tandblegemidler indeholder peroxid som aktivt stof, enten som frit brintperoxid eller bundet til andre stoffer.
Almost all tooth-whitening agents contain peroxide as an active substance; either as free hydrogen peroxide or bound to other substances.
I nogle produkter findes flere forskellige peroxid-forbindelser, og dette giver problemer for de traditionelle analysemetoder, der typisk kun kan analysere et stof ad gangen.
Some products contain several different peroxide compounds and this is a problem in traditional analytical methods which, typically, can only analyse one substance at a time.
Ydermere er der ofte problemer med at analysere peroxid bundet til andre stoffer, da mange faktorer kan påvirke frigivelsen af peroxid.
Furthermore, there are problems associated with analysing peroxide bound to other substances, as many factors may influence the release of peroxide.
Formålet med dette projekt har været at udvikle og validere en ny analyse-metode til bestemmelse af det samlede indhold af peroxider i tandblegemidler - uanset om peroxiden optræder frit, bundet, alene eller sammen med andre peroxid-forbindelser.
The purpose of this project was to develop and validate a new method of analysis to determine the overall content of peroxides in tooth-whitening agents - irrespective of whether the peroxide is free, bound or appears together with other peroxide compounds.
Etablering af protokol for bestemmelse af peroxider ved brug af et enzymatisk bioassay
Establishment of a protocol for the determination of peroxides using an enzymatic bioassay
Det udviklede katalase bioassay bygger på enzymatisk omdannelse af brintperoxid til vand og ilt under løbende måling af iltudviklingen i et analysekammer.
The newly develop catalase bioassay involves enzymatic conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen in an analysis chamber, while continuously measuring changes in oxygen concentrations.
I vandig opløsning spaltes brintperoxid spontant, men meget langsomt, til ilt og vand.
In an aqueous solution, hydrogen peroxide will split into oxygen and water spontaneously, but the process is very slow.
Ved tilstedeværelse af enzymet katalase øges reaktionshastigheden betydeligt.
Adding catalase increases the rate of reaction significantly.
Der er som led i projektet blevet designet og fremstillet et iltmåle- og regulatorsystem, der overordnet set består af et lukket kammer og en galvanisk iltelektrode, der kontinuert kan måle den frigjorte ilt.
The project involved the design and development of an oxygen measurement and regulator system, which basically consists of a closed chamber and a galvanic oxygen probe for the continuous measurement of oxygen released.
Det udviklede katalase bioassay kan effektivt og præcist bruges til bestemmelse af det samlede peroxid indhold i tandblegeprodukter.
The catalase bioassay can be used as an effective and accurate method to determine the overall content of peroxide in tooth-whitening products.
Den nedre detektionsgrænse for peroxider målt med katalase bioassayet er 0,0006 % ureaperoxid svarende til 0,0002 % brintperoxid.
The lower detection limit for peroxides measured with the catalyse bioassay is 0.0006% urea peroxide, corresponding to 0.0002% hydrogen peroxide.
Katalase bioassayet er anvendeligt til måling af brintperoxid, ureaperoxid, calciumperoxid, natriumperborat og natriumpercarbonat.
The catalase bioassay is useful for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate.
Data fra katalase bioassayet er i god overensstemmelse med traditionelle redox-titreringer.
Data from the catalase bioassay correspond well to traditional redox titrations.
I modsætning til traditionelle redox-titreringer påvirkes katalase bioassayet ikke af eventuelle reducerende eller oxiderende kemikalier i produkterne.
In contrast to traditional redox titrations, the catalase bioassay is not affected by any reducing or oxidising chemicals in the products.
Bestemmelse af peroxid i tandblegemidler ved hjælp af katalase bioassayet er nemt og hurtigt at udføre.
Determination of peroxide in tooth-whitening agents through use of the catalase bioassay is quick and easy.
Katalase assayet er robust, simpelt, hurtigt, og har god reproducerbarhed og nøjagtighed (variationskoefficient < 2 %).
The catalase bioassay is robust, simple, quick and has good reproducibility and accuracy (coefficient of variation < 2%).
Projektresultater - Protokol til bestemmelse af frit og bundet brintperoxid i tandblegemidler
Products containing several different active substances may be tested.
På baggrund af en række test-kørsler med katalase bioassayet er der beskrevet en protokol som gennemgås i det efterfølgende:
It is probable that the catalyse bioassay developed may also be suitable for use on other product types containing hydrogen peroxide in free or bound state.
Iltmåling sker kontinuerligt og ved stabilisering af signalet aflæses iltudviklingen som herefter omregnes til peroxid-indhold i prøven.
Based on a number of trial runs using the catalase bioassay, a protocol was described.
Peroxider i forskellige kemiske bindinger indgår i dag i næsten alle produkter til blegning af tænder, enten alene eller i kombination.
Peroxides in different chemical forms are present in almost all products for whitening teeth, either alone or in combination.
Tandblegeprodukterne kan indeholde frit brintperoxid, eller peroxider bundet til andre stoffer ('releasere') som under behandlingen afgives som frit H2O2 (1).
Tooth-whitening products can contain free hydrogen peroxide or peroxides bonded to other substances (releasers), which are released during the treatment as free H2O2 (1).
Ureaperoxid, perborater, og percarbonater er eksempler på sådanne H2O2-releasere som findes i tandblegeprodukter.
Urea peroxide, perborates and percarbonates are examples of H2O2 releasers present in tooth-whitening products.
Peroxiderne findes opløst i forskellige matricer alt efter om tandblegeprodukterne skal påføres som en gel eller pensles henholdsvis sprayes på tandoverfladerne.
The peroxides exist in a dissolved state in different matrices, depending on whether the tooth-whitening products are applied as a gel or are painted or sprayed onto the teeth.
I forbindelse med regulering af salg af tandblegemidler i detailhandlen, er der et behov for at etablere analytiske rutiner til kontrol af produkterne for indhold af peroxider.
In order to regulate retail sales of tooth-whitening agents, analytical routines are required to control the content of peroxides in products.
Der findes i dag forskellige kemiske metoder til måling af peroxider.
Different chemical methods for measuring peroxides exist today.
Dette sker ved redox titrering f.eks. med jod eller permanganat salte (2,3).
These include redox titration e.g. with iodine or permanganate salts (2,3).
Da alle stoffer, der kan oxideres, vil blive titreret ved redox titrering med jod eller permanganat, kan denne metode kun anvendes til bestemmelse af H2O2 i tandblegningsprodukter, hvis der ikke findes andre stoffer i produkterne som kan oxideres.
Since all substances that can be oxidised will be titrated in a redox titration with iodine or permanganate, this method can only be used to determine H2O2 in tooth-whitening products, if no other oxidative substances are present in the product.
Interferensen fra sådanne stoffer kan muligvis undgås ved måling af fri H2O2 ved brug af spektrofotometriske metoder (4).
Interference from such substances could possibly be avoided by measuring free H2O2 using spectrophotometric methods (4).
Koncentrationen af frit H2O2 kan også måles ved brug af biosensorer.
The concentration of free H2O2can also be measured with biosensors.
Biosensorer indeholdende det H2O2 nedbrydende enzym katalase har været anvendt til bestemmelse af H2O2 i desinfektionsmidler (antiseptics) og kosmetiske produkter inklusive tandblegningsmidler (5-7).
Biosensors containing the H2O2-degrading catalase enzyme have been used for the determination of H2O2 in antiseptics and in cosmetics, including tooth-whitening agents (5-7).
Tandblegeprodukter indeholdende H2O2-releasere (f.eks. ureaperoxid) afgiver H2O2 langsomt.
Tooth-whitening products that contain H2O2 releasers (e.g. urea peroxide) release H2O2 slowly.
Derfor kan det totale indhold af bundet H2O2 i disse produkter kun bestemmes enten ved teoretisk beregning, måling af H2O2-releaseren direkte, eller ved måling af totalt frigjort H2O2.
Therefore, the total content of bound H2O2 in these products can only be determined either by theoretical calculation, by measuring the H2O2 releaser directly, or by measuring the total H2O2 released.
I denne rapport gives en kort oversigt over de forskellige peroxider som er rapporteret tilstede i tandblegemidler.
This report gives a short overview of the different peroxides which have been reported to be present in tooth-whitening agents.
De testede produkter er alle indkøbt enten i butik eller ved bestilling via internet.
The products tested were either bought in a shop or over the internet.
Disse indeholdt alle enten frit brintperoxid eller ureaperoxid.
All the products contained either free hydrogen peroxide or urea peroxide.
De øvrige peroxider, som er blevet omtalt og testet i ren form, indgår i produkter som ordineres af tandlæge.
The other peroxides mentioned and tested in pure state are found in products prescribed by dentists.
I rapporten beskrives en ny protokol til måling af peroxider i tandblegemidler, hvad enten de er tilsat i form af frit H2O2 eller en eller flere releasere eventuelt anvendt i kombination.
This report describes a new protocol for the measurement of peroxides in tooth-whitening products, whether these are added as free H2O2 or as one or more releasers, possibly in combination.
Metodens præcision og anvendelighed er sammenlignet med kemiske metoder til bestemmelse af peroxiderne.
The accuracy and applicability of the method are compared to chemical methods to determine peroxides.
2 Analyse af peroxider
2 Analysis of peroxides
2.2 Analyse af peroxid ved brug af katalase bioassay
2.2 Analysis of peroxide using catalase bioassay
2.1 Kemisk analyse af peroxid i tandblegningsprodukter
2.1 Chemical analysis of peroxide in tooth-whitening products
Tandblegemidler kan enten indeholde aktivstoffet brintperoxid i fri form eller bundet i en eller flere såkaldte ”releasere”.
Tooth-whitening agents can contain the active substance hydrogen peroxide either in a free state or bound in one or more releasers.
Flere tandblegeprodukter indeholder ”releaserne” ureaperoxid eller calciumperoxid, som indstiller en kemisk ligevægt med frit brintperoxid (det aktive stof).
Several tooth-whitening products contain the releasers urea peroxide or calcium peroxide, which creates a chemical equilibrium with free hydrogen peroxide (the active substance).
De hidtil anvendte metoder til bestemmelse af brintperoxid er hovedsageligt baseret på kemiske redox-titreringer eller kolorimetriske metoder.
The methods for determination of hydrogen peroxide used so far are based primarily on chemical redox titrations or colorimetric methods.
I et foreløbigt udkast til etablering af en Japansk Industri Standard for tandblegeprodukter (Bilag 5) indgår f. eks. en kaliumpermanganat titreringsmetode til brintperoxid-bestemmelse, mens ureaperoxid bestemmes med natriumthiosulfat-titrering.
A draft proposal for the establishment of a Japanese Industrial Standard for tooth-whitening products (Annex 5) includes e.g. a potassium permanganate titration method for hydrogen peroxide determination, whereas urea peroxide is determined using sodium thiosulfate titration.
Nogle produkter indeholder blandinger af forskellige former af peroxider, som potentielt kræver hver sin kemiske analyse.
Some products contain mixtures of different forms of peroxides, which, potentially, require their own separate chemical analysis.
Den nyudviklede metode til bestemmelse af peroxid-indholdet i tandblegeprodukter bygger på enzymatisk omdannelse af brintperoxid (CAS nr. 7722-84-1) til vand og ilt under løbende måling af iltudviklingen.
The newly developed method to determine the peroxide content in tooth-whitening products involves enzymatic conversion of hydrogen peroxide (CAS no. 7722-84-1) to water and oxygen while continuously measuring the oxygen released.