natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hovedvægten er lagt på afgivelsen af flygtige kemiske stoffer til luften, og i mindre grad indholdsstoffer samt stoffer, der kan afgives fra produkterne ved migration til kunstigt spyt.
It should be remarked that the results presented in the report solely concerns the products examined, the results should, therefore, be considered as being based on random sampling.
Mogens Kragh Hansen Cand. pharm, ph.
Gonystylus bankanus Venetian blind
Cand. scient, dr. med.,
Chlorophora excelsa Kitchen tableOil *
Hovedvægten er lagt på afgivelsen af flygtige kemiske stoffer til luften, og i mindre grad indholdsstoffer samt stoffer, der kan afgives fra produkterne ved migration til kunstigt spyt.
This does not represent a typical situation of use, but it does, however, give a better picture of which chemical compounds are emitted from the wood itself.
For de normalt oliebehandlede produkter er der, hvor det har været muligt, indkøbt produkter, der ikke er behandlet med olie.
A part of these compounds origins predominantly from the surface treatments of the products in question.
Dette repræsenterer ikke en typisk brugssituation, men giver derimod et bedre billede af, hvilke kemiske stoffer der afgives fra selve træet.
The assessment of possible comfort and health effects from emission of compounds from products made of exotic wood includes exposure via inhalation, contact and migration into artificial saliva.
En del af disse stoffer stammer overvejende sandsynligt fra overfladebehandlingerne af de pågældende produkter.
concentrations, which exceed the calculated TDI-values (Tolerable Daily Intake).
Vurderingen er baseret på toksikologiske principper og data fra litteraturen.
The emitted compounds origin most probably from the surface treatment.
Jo lavere Sværdien er, jo mere acceptabel er afgasningen fra det eksotiske træ og/eller dets overfladebehandling.
Further analyses were carried out to demonstrate content of allergen proteins in the rubber tree.
Ingen af produkterne vil ved de angivne afgasningskoncentrationer kunne medføre sundhedsproblemer.
The analyses demonstrated content of boron, which indicates that the rubber tree has been treated with a boron fungicide.
De enkeltstoffer, der her har en betydning i relation til den beregnede S-værdi, er formaldehyd og acrolein.
On basis of the examined consumer products of exotic wood forming part of the project, the following can be concluded:
Produkter af gummitræ og belalu blev underlagt en analyse for afgivelse af kemiske stoffer ved migration til kunstigt spyt.
The products (with and without surface treatment) of the wood species Ramin, Sheesham, Merbau and Iroko emit only to a limited extent compounds to the indoor air.
Prøver af gummitræet blev derfor underlagt analyser for rester af relevante aktivstoffer (herunder en række grundstoffer).
Allergic contact dermatitis can, especially, be seen from Iroko and Sheesham and, presumably, to a lesser extent from Ramin.
Allergisk kontakteksem kan især ses iroko og sheesham, samt, formentlig i mindre grad, ramin.
The odour of the wood origins a.o. from the ethereal oils, which are emitted from the wood during drying.
Med det forbehold, at der kun er undersøgt et enkelt produkt af gummitræ, synes produkter af denne træart ikke at frembyde risiko for personer, som er allergiske overfor naturgummilatex.
The primary wood industry, which is the part of the industry that buys and processes raw wood, is sawmills, parquet factories, packing factories etc. Furniture factories, workmen, manufacturers of construction parts, glulam manufacturers and manufacturers of panels belong to the secondary industry.
De afgivne stoffer stammer overvejende sandsynligt fra overfladebehandlingen.
Thus some wood and wood products should be imported to cover the consumption.
På baggrund af de i projektet undersøgte forbrugerprodukter af eksotisk træ kan det konkluderes at:
What the designation “tropical wood” covers, will be elaborated in the following paragraph.
Produkterne (nogle med, andre uden overfladebehandling) af træarterne ramin, sheesham, merbau og iroko kun i begrænset omfang afgasser stoffer til indeklimaet.
A lot of these ships sail depending on type and container content, not longer north than Holland or Germany, where the cargo will be reloaded.
Indholdet af bor i selve træet på det undersøgte produkt af gummitræ er så højt, at det ikke kan anbefales at produktet anvendes uden overfladebehandling.
E.g. the use of wood for floorings, furniture and kitchen fittings is to a high extent dependent on changing fashions.
Allergiske reaktioner i luftveje kan ses ved indånding af støv fra iroko og ramin.
Tropical wood, exotic wood and overseas wood are some of the designations that are used for wood species imported from far away.
Allergisk kontakteksem kan især ses iroko og sheesham, samt, formentlig i mindre grad, ramin.
In this project we will use the designation exotic wood, as we not only describe tropical or overseas wood species.
The emitted compounds have been assessed in relation to LCI values and indoor-relevant time-values.
It is, therefore, necessary to use the botanical name in order unambiguously to identify a given wood species.
On basis of the examined consumer products of exotic wood forming part of the project, the following can be concluded:
Certification of exotic wood have had the effect that there now are numerous wood species, which have not formerly been on the Danish market.
LCI-values laid down for emitted compounds are predominantly based on irritation and only in individual cases on the health effects of the compounds.
As importer and manufacturer it is today very important to run an environmental policy, which signals that the company in question contributes to sustainable exploitation of the exotic wood.
The content of boron in the wood of the product examined is so high that it cannot be recommended that the product be used without surface treatment.
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is at the same time acknowledged as an example of a guarantee that wood with this certificate meets the requirements made by the Folketing.
Indhold og sammensætning af disse stoffer varierer fra træart til træart, ligesom variationen indenfor samme art og inden for det enkelte træ kan være stor.
As described formerly the selection of wood species is partly conditioned by the aesthetic guidelines, which the changing fashion dictates.
Heraf udgør møbelindustri omkring halvdelen.
Oil, soap, lacquer, lye, stain
Det anvendte træ stammer dels fra det danske skovbrug og dels fra import.
Articles for everyday use Lacquer/paint, lye, oil, stain, wax Art articles
Der må således importeres en del træ og træprodukter for at kunne dække forbruget.
Lacquered products imported from Asia will, therefore, often be treated with acid-hardening lacquer.
Kategorien ”tømmer” er en delmængde af det importerede træ, som ikke er forarbejdet til andet end rundtræ, savet træ, finer eller krydsfiner.
Importers, distributors and manufacturers have been chosen on basis of the project group's knowledge of the market and recommendations from the companies contacted as well as Internet searching.
Hvad betegnelsen ”tropisk træ” dækker over uddybes i et følgende afsnit.
The imported amounts are in the statement stated in different groups.
Mange af disse skibe sejler, afhængig af type og containerindhold, ikke længere nordpå end til Holland eller Tyskland, hvor lasten omlæsses.
In the statements from the Danish foreign trade there is a differentiation between “tropical wood” and “other wood”.
Ved omlæsningen registreres lastens indhold af landets toldmyndigheder.
Appendix A states, which wood species are included in “tropical wood”.
Dette er den primære årsag til, at store dele af den danske import af tropisk træ ser ud til at stamme fra lande som Tyskland og Holland.
Unfortunately, Statistics Denmark does not distinguish between different wood species, but only between “tropical wood” and “other wood” and which product categories are in question.
Samtidig gør denne praksis for registrering det svært at spore tømmerets oprindelsesland.
Far the main part of the Danish import of exotic wood (stated in amount) is constituted of timber.
Samtidig er mange navne blot handelsnavne, der dækker over flere træarter, som i nogle tilfælde har vidt forskelligt udseende og egenskaber.
Thus it is impossible via the statistical surveys to find information, about which wood species are imported.
Det er derfor nødvendigt at anvende det botaniske navn for entydigt at identificere en given træart.
It is likewise impossible to find information about which wood species are primarily used for different products.
Entydig identifikation af træarterne er også væsentlig ved opgørelser over deres effekt på mennesker.
Information about specific products has been obtained from (Johansen, Jensen, Lorentzen, Rubæk, Bendtsen, Møller, Andersen, Konge, Frederiksen, Gott
Blue gum Eucalyptus globulusAustralien Gulve
Tarkett Sommer A/S Floorings
Hevea brasiliensis Asien
Merbau, Cherry Oil**
Australien Gulve (møbler)
Trip Trap Denmark a/s
Sydamerika Møbler, brugsting
Rustic Møbler A/S Furniture
Manilkara bidentata Sydamerika Møbler
Unknown (”monkey pot wood”)
Som importør og producent er det i dag vigtigt at have en miljøpolitik, der signalerer at man bidrager til en bæredygtig udnyttelse af det eksotiske træ.
These compounds have almost all of them a large molecular weight, and only in rare cases these compounds are expected to emit from the wood and usually it is expected that it is impossible to demonstrate these compounds by headspace analysis.
FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) anerkendes samtidig som et eksempel på en garant for at træ, der bærer dette certifikat opfylder kravene stillet af Folketinget.
When the wood gives rise to allergic reactions it is either due to direct contact to intact wood through contact of the finished product, or - almost alwaysexposure to wood dust, which is produced during processing.
Eksempler på internationale mærkningsordninger
Most literature information concerns individual cases.
Samme betingelser er gældende for en eventuel overfladebehandling, hvis type og farve delvis afgøres af arkitektoniske og designmæssige trends.
Respiratory symptoms with asthma and hay fever (rhino-conjunctivitis) and chronic bronchitis.
I asiatiske lande benyttes i vid udstrækning syrehærdende lak, der afspalter formaldehyd.
Both irritative and allergic contact eczema is known, see below.
Langt hovedparten af Danmarks import af eksotisk træ (opgjort i mængde) udgøres af tømmer.
At exposure later to the compound an allergic reaction is produced.
Døre og rammer dertil, samt dørtærskler
Not all symptoms should necessarily be present.
Det er således heller ikke muligt at finde oplysninger om hvilke træarter, der primært benyttes til forskellige produkter.
In certain cases exposure to proteins causes formation of an antibody of the IgG-type.
International Quality Import
May be sensitising
Eksponering under forarbejdning er oftest mange gange større end eksponering ved almindelig brug af produkter.
It has, however, been impossible to retrieve information about potential problems in this context.
Sensibiliserende, hjertebanken, kvalme, diarre, hovedpine
Chlorophora excelsa Kitchen table topOil*
Produkterne repræsenterer dels de produktgrupper, der i markedsundersøgelsen er fundet på markedet, og dels træarter, som i vid udstrækning anvendes til disse produktgrupper.
The major part of the wood used in the piece of furniture in question is sapwood, which makes a unique determination of species impossible.
For de normalt oliebehandlede produkter er der, hvor det har været muligt, indkøbt produkter, der ikke er behandlet med olie.
The percentage part of the total VOC content is stated as area percentage of the spectre assuming that all detected components have the same response to the same amount.
Sheesham Dalbergia latifolia
Air change in climate chamber
Kendskabet til den mængde, der anvendes af de enkelte træarter er begrænset.
Gases and vapours emitted from the test specimen are mixed with the chamber air.
Ved indkøbet af bordet hos forhandleren havde træarten flere forskellige benævnelser i katalog, på produktbeskrivelser og prismærker, blandt andet sesam, shesam, sheesam.
In the literature there are no studies described, in which the content of natural rubber latex allergens in the wood itself can cause reaction in natural rubber latex allergic persons.
Hverken forhandleren eller importøren, kunne oplyse træartens botaniske navn, men henviste udelukkende til handelsnavnet.
The dining table made of rubber tree, which is one the selected products, is lacquered on legs and upper side of the table top.
Ud fra prøver udtaget af det indkøbte møbel er træarten efterfølgende forsøgt bestemt ved litteraturstudium.
Samples of the tabletop have been analysed for content of natural rubber latex allergens in the wood itself.
Store dele af det anvendte træ i det aktuelle møbel er splintved, som besværliggør en entydig artsbestemmelse.
Most natural rubber latex allergens are water-soluble and in case they are able to penetrate the surface treatment, they may cause allergic symptoms at contact with the surface.
Importøren, der selv forestår indkøbet af figurerne i oprindelseslandet, kan kun oplyse træartens indonesiske navn, belalu.
The amount of allergen is stated for each allergen in µg/l. The total amount is stated as µg/g test material.
Beskrivelse af disse analyser er behandlet senere i dette kapitel.
In other cases an actual preservative treatment takes place.
Til alle analyser, pentachlorphenol undtaget, blev en afvejet mængde prøvemateriale ekstraheret med acetone.
These examinations are, unfortunately, rare and they in many cases impossible to carry out.
Til analysen for bor blev prøven spiket med bor og genanalyseret.
As a superior principle the emission of carcinogenic compounds, allergens and feto-toxic
Disse symptomer medfører ikke nødvendigvis kritiske helbredseffekter, men kan have en afgørende betydning for det generelle velbefindende ved ophold indendørs.
For these compounds the former assessment and fixed LCI-value applied, as according to our knowledge, there are no new data on the compounds that might affect the assessment.
Oplysninger for enkeltstoffer er fremskaffet ved søgning i databaserne TOXLINE, RTECS, NIOSHtic, og Medline, samt ved anvendelse af eksisterende kriteriedokumenter.
The LIC-values can, therefore, only be used by comparison of materials with a uniform emission profile and with uniform determination of the LCI-values.
Miljøstyrelsen har foretaget toksikologisk vurdering af kemiske stoffer relateret til luftforurening, i drikkevand og ved jordforurening.
They can, therefore, only be used as an initial indication of potential comfort and health effects in the indoor environment.
Koncentrationer af stofferne, der blev målt i klimakammeret, blev ved hjælp af en omregningsfaktor beregnet så den blev relevant i relation til indeklimasammenhænge.
The S-values can be used for a quick comparison of emission from the different wood species to select the products, which emit the least.
S-værdierne kan anvendes til en hurtig sammenligning af afgasning fra forskellige træarter for dermed at udvælge de produkter, der afgasser mindst.
The indoor-relevant time-value is normally based on both chemical determination and sensory evaluation of the emission.
Vedrørende irritation antages det, at påvirkningen fra flere stoffer er større end det irritative bidrag for det enkelte stof.
Odour does not signify that the emission causes health effects, just like no odour do not imply that the emission does not cause health effects.
Acetone, Eddikesyre, Hexanal, 2-Pentynal
Acetone, Acetic acid, Hexanal, 2-Pentynal
Acetaldehyd, Acetone, Aldehyd, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-benzen, Eddikesyre, Hexanal, 4-Methyl-1-hexen, 3-Methyl-2-Butanon, 5Methylhexanal, Pentanal
Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Aldehyde, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, Acetic acid, Hexanal, 4-Methyl-1-hexen, 3-Methyl-2Butanon, 5-Methylhexanal, Pentanal
6 Merbau Intsia bijuga Alifatiske kulbrinter, Brommethan, Cyclododecan, Eddikesyre, Ethanol, Hexanal, Oktan, Pentan, Pentanal
6 Merbau Intsia bijuga Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, Bromomethane, Cyclododecan, Acetic acid, Ethanol, Hexanal, Octan, Pentane, Pentanal
Acetaldehyd, Eddikesyre, Hexanal
Acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Hexanal
Acetone, Eddikesyre, Hexanal, Nonadienal, Propionsyre
Acetone, Acetic acid, Hexanal, Nonadienal, Propion acid
Eddikesyre, Eddikesyre methylester, Ethanol
Acetic acid, Acetic acid methylester, Ethanol
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phtalat, Decanal, Eddikesyre, Heptanal, Hexadecansyre, Hexanal, Oktanal, Tetradecansyre
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phtalat, Decanal, Acetic acid, Heptanal, Hexacapric acid, Hexanal, Octanal, Tetracapric acid
Af de 10 udvalgte produkter fra headspace er udvalgt 5 til klimakammermåling.
Out of the 10 selected products from headspace, 5 were selected for climate chamber measurement.
Ved de kvantitative klimakammermålinger af emissionerne fra de 5 produkter blev 25 forskellige kemiske stoffer kvantificeret.
By the quantitative climate chamber measurements of the emissions from the 5 products, 25 different chemical compounds were quantified.
Afgasningen fra de enkelte produkter er gengivet i Tabel 17.
The emission from the individual products is stated in Table 17.
Stoffernes koncentrationer, CAS nr. samt deres klassificering er angivet i Bilag D og E.
The concentrations of the compounds, CAS no. and their classification is stated in Appendices D and E.
De væsentligste stoffer fordeler sig på de undersøgte produkter som angivet i Tabel 22-26 i rapportens afsnit 6.1.
The most important compounds are distributed in the products examined as stated in tables 22-26 in paragraph 6.1.
Tabel 17 Fordeling af de afgassede stoffer i klimakammer Emne nr.
Table 17 Distribution of the emitted compounds in climate chamber Speci men no.
Gummitræ Hevea brasiliensis
Rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis
Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Acrolein, Propanal, Hexanal, Nonanal, Decanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 2-Methyl-1propanol, Butanol, 3-Methylhexan, Methylcyclohexan, Toluen, Xylener/ethylbenzen, Butylacetat, 2-Butoxyethanol
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Propanal, Hexanal, Nonanal, Decanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 2-Methyl-1propanol, Butane, 3-Methylhexane, Methylcyclohexane, Toluene, Xylenes/ethylbenzene, Butylacetate, 2-Butoxyethanol
Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Propoanal, Butanal, Hexanal, Acetone, 2-Methyl-1-propanol, Butanol, 1-Methoxy-2-butanol, 3-Methylhexan, Methylcyclohexan, Toluen, Butylacetat, α-pinen
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propoanal, Butanal, Hexanal, Acetone, 2-Methyl-1-propanol, Butane, 1-Methoxy-2-butane, 3Methylhexane, Methylcyclohexane, Toluene, Butylacetate, αpinene
6 Merbau Intsia bijuga Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Propanal, Pentanal, Hexanal, Benzaldehyd, Decanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 2-Methyl-1propanol, Butanol, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-Methylhexan, Butylacetat, Tridekan
6 Merbau Intsia bijuga Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propanal, Pentanal, Hexanal, Benzaldehyde, Decanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 2-Methyl1-propanol, Butane, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-Methylhexane, Butylacetate, Tridekan
Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Hexanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 3-Methylhexan, α-pinen
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Hexanal, MEK (2-butanon), Acetone, 3-Methylhexane, α-pinene
Med undtagelse af iroko, emne nr. 8, er alle overfladebehandlet med voks, bejdse, olie eller lak.
Except for iroko, specimen no. 8, all specimens are surface treated with wax, stain, oil or lacquer.
Meget lave indeklimarelevante koncentrationer blev fundet for ramin, sheesham, merbau og iroko.
Very low indoor-relevant concentrations were found for ramin, sheesham, merbau and iroko.
Emissionerne stammer primært fra overfladebehandlingen og omfatter fortrinsvis alkoholer og glycolethere ogestre.
The emissions origin primarily from the surface treatment and include mainly alcohols and glycolethers and -esters.
For iroko, der ikke var overfladebehandlet, stammer afgasningen fra selve træet.
For iroko, which was not surface treated, the emission origins from the wood itself.
Emissionerne fra gummitræ stammer primært fra lakken og omfatter fortrinsvis aldehyder, aromatiske kulbrinter, alkoholer og glycolethere ogestre.
The emissions from rubber tree origins primarily from the lacquer and include mainly aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and glycolethers and -esters.
5.3 Bestemmelse af indhold af naturgummilatex-allergener i gummitræ
5.3 Determination of Content of Natural Rubber Latex Allergens in Rubber tree
Der blev foretaget analyse af indhold af naturgummilatex-allergener i tre prøver udtaget fra tre forskellige stave i bordpladen af prøveemne nr. 1.
Analysis of the content of natural rubber latex allergens in three specimens sampled from three different staves of the tabletop of test specimen no. 1 was carried out.
Prøverne blev udtaget i selve træet, dvs. uden overfladebehandling.
The specimens were sampled in the wood itself, i.e. without surface treatment.
Der blev analyseret for proteinerne Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5 og Hev b 6.02.
Analysis was carried out for the proteins Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.02.
Der blev ikke fundet indhold af ovennævnte proteiner i de tre prøver.
No content of proteins was traced in the three samples.
5.4 Bestemmelse af fungicidindhold i gummitræ
5.4 Determination of Content of Fungicide in Rubber tree
Der kunne ikke for nogen af stofferne påvises indhold i koncentrationer over detektionsgrænsen.
For none of the compounds concentrations above the detection limit could be demonstrated
Tabel 18 indhold af organiske komponenter Komponent
Table 18 Content of organic components Component
Resultater fra analyser for indholdet af uorganiske komponenter er gengivet i Tabel 19.
Results of analyses for content of inorganic components are stated in Table 19.
Der blev fundet indhold af bor, mangan og zink i prøven.
Content of boron, manganese and zinc were traced in the sample.
Muligvis stammer kobberet ikke fra selve træet, men er tilført som en forurening under findelingen af prøvematerialet.
The copper may not origin from the wood itself, but has been added as pollution during the pulverisation of the test material.
Det høje indhold af bor tyder på, at gummitræet er behandlet med borholdigt fungicid.
The high content of boron indicates that the rubber tree has been treated with a boron fungicide.
Tabel 19 Indhold af grundstoffer Komponent
Table 19 Content of elements Component
5.5 Analyse for migration til kunstigt spyt
5.5 Analysis for Migration into artificial saliva
Resultater fra analyser for migration til kunstigt spyt fra lakeret bordplade af gummitræ (Hevea brasiliensis) og sværtebehandlet figur af belalu (Albiz(z)ia falcata) er gengivet i henholdsvis Tabel 20 og 21.
Results of analysis for migration into artificial saliva from lacquered tabletop made of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and ink treated figure made of belalu (Albiz(z)ia falcata) are stated in Tables 20 and 21.
En samlet liste over de fundne stoffer findes i Bilag F.
A complete list of the compounds found appears from Appendix F.
Tabel 20 Stoffer migreret fra lakeret bordplade (emne nr. 1) Forbindelse
Table 20 Compounds migrated from lacquered tabletop (Specimen no. 1) Compound
Phthalsyre monobutyl ester
Phthalic acid monobutyl ester
Tabel 21 Stoffer migreret fra sværtebehandlet figur (emne nr. 10) Forbindelse
Table 21 Compounds migrated from ink treated figure (Specimen no. 10) Compound
2-Butanon (MEK) 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetat 2-butoxy ethanol
2-Butanon (MEK) 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 2-butoxy ethanol
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinon 2-phenoxy-ethanol 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol acetat Vanillin (isovanillin)
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinon 2-phenoxy-ethanol 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol acetate Vanillin (isovanillin)
5.6.1 Allergiske luftvejssymptomer og allergiske almenreaktioner
5.6.1 Allergic Respiratory Symptoms and Allergic General Reactions
Der foreligger heller ikke publikationer om allergiske reaktioner forårsaget af f.eks. fødevarer som har været i kontakt med genstande forarbejdede af Hevea brasiliensis.
There are no publications on allergic reactions caused by e.g. food, which has been in contact with items made of Hevea brasiliensis.