natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der kunne generelt konstateres god overensstemmelse mellem de deklarerede indholdsstoffer i sikkerhedsdatabladene og de fundne komponenter ved analyserne af produkterne.
Generally, there was coincidence between the declared substances in the safety data sheets and the components found during the analyses.
Alle de undersøgte produkter overholdt Miljøstyrelsens regler for oplysning om indholdsstoffer i forbindelse med klassificering og mærkning.
All the investigated products did meet the rules of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency with regard to information about substances in connection with classification and marking.
Undersøgelsen viste, at produkterne til denne branche typisk indeholder kulbrinter eller glycolethere som dominerende komponent.
The investigation showed that the products for this trade typically contain hydrocarbons or glycolethers as dominant components.
Ydermere blev der analyseret en prøve af kontraktvand fra et kulbrinterenseri.
Futhermore a sample of contact water was analysed.
Analysen viste 1,1 %(vægtprocent) glycolethere samt indhold af nonylphenolpolyethoxylater svarende til mindre end 0,001 % (vægtprocent).
The contact water contained glycolethere in a concentration of 1.1 % (percentage by weight) and nonylphenolethoxylates in a concentration of less than 0.001 % (percentage by weight).
Der blev ikke påvist indhold af kulbrinter eller tetrachlorethylen i koncentrationer over 0,01 % (vægtprocent).
Hydrocarbons or tetrachlorethylene was not detected (detection limit was 0,01 percentage by weight).
To sæt ens tekstiler bestående af frakke, bukser og kjole blev renset i henholdsvis et Rynex-renseri og et kulbrinte-renseri.
Two sets of identical textiles consisting of coat, trousers and dress were drycleaned in a Rynex dry-cleaning shop and a hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop respectively.
Residualindholdet af udvalgte kemikalier blev bestemt ved hhv. afgasning i klimakammer samt ved ekstraktion af komponenterne fra tekstilerne.
The residual content of selected chemicals was determined via emission in a climatic chamber and via extraction of the components from the textiles.
Residualindholdet i tekstiler renset i kulbrinte-renseriet var generelt væsentligt lavere end residualindholdet i tekstiler renset i Rynex-renseriet.
The residual content in textiles dry-cleaned in the hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop was generally much lower than the residual content in textiles drycleaned in the Rynex dry-cleaning shop.
Der kunne konstateres rester af tetrachlorethylen i tekstiler fra Rynex-rensningen.
Residues of tetrachlorethylene were demonstrated in textiles from the Rynex dry-cleaning.
Resultaterne fra klimakammermålingerne blev anvendt i en matematisk model til bestemmelse af den resulterende koncentration af de flygtige stoffer i indeklimaet i hhv. en dårligt ventileret lejlighed og et velventileret parcelhus.
The results from the measurements in the climatic chamber were used in a mathematical model for determination of the resulting concentration of the volatile substances in the indoor climate in a poorly ventilated apartment and in a well-ventilated single-family house respectively.
Beregningerne blev foretaget ved introduktion af almindeligt forekommende mængder af tekstiler i private hjem.
The calculations were made by introducing common quantities of textiles into private homes.
Ud fra resultaterne af modelberegningerne vurderes det, at der for tekstiler med lignende residualindhold er risiko for indeklimaproblemer som følge af afgivelse af glycolethere fra Rynex-renset tekstil.
Based on the results of the model calculations, it is estimated that there may be a risk of indoor problems in connection with textiles with a similar residual content due to emission of glycolether from Rynex dry-cleaned textile.
Der kunne ikke ved modelberegningerne konstateres en uacceptabel påvirkning af indeklimaet som følge af introduktion af kulbrinte-renset tekstil til boligen.
No unacceptable influence on the indoor climate could be demonstrated via the model calculations when the hydrocarbon dry-cleaned textile was introduced into the residence.
Destillater udtaget fra rensemaskinen i et kulbrinte- og et Rynex-renseri blev analyseret for indhold af flygtige komponenter.
It was analysed if distillates from dry-cleaning machines in hydrocarbon and Rynex dry-cleaning shops contained volatile components.
Kemikalierne i rensemidlerne kan ende som restindhold i det færdigt behandlede tekstil og dermed påvirke forbrugerne.
The chemicals in the cleaning fluids may end as residue in the finally treated textile and thereby influence the consumers.
Samtidigt kan indholdet af f.eks. chlorerede opløsningsmidler i produkterne udgøre et troværdighedsproblem for denne del af branchen, idet flere af de alternative renserier reklamerer med at være "klorfrie".
At the same time, the content of for instance chlorinated solvents in the products can be a reliability problem for this part of the trade, as several of the alternative dry-cleaning shops advertise their shops as being "chlorine-free".
Af disse grunde bør kemikalieleverandørerne indføre en forbedret deklaration af indhold af kritiske stoffer som f.eks. tetrachlorethylen i produkterne - også selvom indholdet ikke er så højt, at det udløser et krav om mærkning i henhold til myndighedernes regler.
For these reasons, the suppliers of chemical products ought to introduce an improved declaration of the content of critical substances like for instance tetrachlorethylene in the products - also in the cases where the content is below the level requiring marking in accordance with the rules of the authorities.
Delresultater i undersøgelsen har vist, at der er mulighed for, at restindholdet i tekstiler efter rensning kan reduceres meget væsentligt ved forbedret tørreteknik.
Part-results of the investigation have shown that the residue in textiles may be reduced considerably after the dry-cleaning by using an improved drying technique.
1 Projektets baggrund og formål
1 Background and objective
Miljøstyrelsens har udbudt en række forbrugerprojekter, som har til formål at kortlægge kemiske stoffer i almindeligt anvendte forbrugerprodukter.
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency has invited tenders for a number of consumer projects the purpose of which is to map chemical substances in ordinary consumer products.
Et af projekterne omhandler kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i renset tekstil.
One of the projects includes mapping of chemical substances in dry-cleaned textile.
Projektet har fokus på de renserier i Danmark, som anvender alternative rensevæsker såsom kulbrinte-rensevæske og Rynex-rensevæske (baseret på glycolethere).
The project focuses on the dry-cleaning shops in Denmark using alternative cleaning fluids such as hydrocarbon cleaning fluid and Rynex cleaning fluid.
Baggrunden for projektet er således et ønske om øget kendskab til de kemikalier, som indgår i renseprocessen, og som eventuelt kan genfindes i tekstilerne efter rensning og efterbehandling.
The reason for the project is a wish to increase the knowledge of the chemicals used in the dry-cleaning process and which may be found in the textiles after dry-cleaning and final treatment.
· At kortlægge hvilke kemikalier, der indgår i produkterne ved såvel forespørgsler til leverandører og/eller producenter som kemiske analyser af udvalgte kemikalieprodukter.
· To map which chemicals are included in the products, both by making inquiries at suppliers and/or producers and by carrying out chemical analyses of selected chemical products.
· At undersøge koncentrationen af reststoffer i udvalgte tekstiler efter rensning med de alternative rensevæsker.
· To investigate the concentration of residual substances in selected textiles upon dry-cleaning using the alternative cleaning fluids.
· At vurdere den potentielle påvirkning af indeklimaet ved introduktion af renset tekstil i boliger.
· To estimate the potential influence on the indoor climate by introducing dry-cleaned textile into residences.
Såvel i ovenstående tekst, som i resten af rapporten skal der med ”renseri” forstås et renseri, der anvender kulbrinteblanding eller Rynex som rensevæske.
Both in the above text and in the remaining part of the report, ”dry-cleaning shop” means a dry-cleaning shop using hydrocarbon or Rynex as cleaning fluid.
I afsnit 3 gives en kort introduktion til processerne i renserierne, herunder introduktion til de kemikalieprodukter, som anvendes i renserierne.
In section 3, there is a short introduction to the processes in the dry-cleaning shops, including an introduction to the chemical products used.
Selve projektet består af fire faser med følgende overordnede indhold:
The project consists of four phases with the following main contents:
· Fase 1: Udarbejdelse af bruttoliste over anvendte produkter I fase 1 blev der gennemført en spørgeskemaundersøgelse i udvalgte renserier om disses forbrug af kemiske produkter.
· Phase 1: Creation of a gross list of the used products In phase 1, a questionnaire investigation was carried out in selected dry-cleaning shops with regard to their consumption of chemical products.
Ud fra besvarelserne af spørgeskemaerne blev der rettet forespørgsel til leverandører for at indhente sikkerhedsdatablade og andre oplysninger om produkternes sammensætning.
Based on the responses to the questionnaires, the suppliers were contacted in order to get safety data sheets or other information about the composition of the products.
Oplysningerne er anvendt til at opstille en bruttoliste over anvendte produkter (art og mængde) samt kemiske stoffer i kulbrinte- og Rynex-renserierne.
This information was used for creation of a gross list of the used products (kind and quantity) and the chemicals in the hydrocarbon and Rynex dry-cleaning shops.
Detaljeret beskrivelse af de gennemførte undersøgelser og deres resultater findes i afsnit 4.
Please see section 4 for a detailed description of the investigations and the results.
Analyserne er dels gennemført som specifikke analyser for udvalgte stoffer, dels som screeningsanalyser for udvalgte stofgrupper - især flygtige organiske forbindelser.
The analyses were carried out as specific analyses of selected substances and as screening for selected groups of substances - especially volatile organic compounds.
Oplysninger om udvalgte produkter, anvendte analysemetoder samt resultater er samlet i afsnit 5.
Please see section 5 for information about the selected products, the analysis methods used as well as the results.
· Fase 3: Rensning af tekstiler og bestemmelse af residualindhold
· Phase 3: Dry-cleaning of textiles and determination of the residual content
Sideløbende med analysen af produkterne blev der foretaget en rensning af en række udvalgte tekstiler i et renseri, som anvendte kulbrintebaseret rensevæske og et renseri som anvendte Rynex-rensevæske.
At the same time the analysis of the products was carried out, a number of selected textiles were dry-cleaned in a dry-cleaning shop using hydrocarbon-based cleaning fluid and in a dry-cleaning shop using Rynex cleaning fluid.
Formålet med denne del af projektet har været dels at bestemme afgivelsen af flygtige stoffer fra de rensede tekstiler, dels at bestemme restindholdet af udvalgte ikke-flygtige stoffer efter rensning.
The purpose of this part of the project was to determine the emission of volatile substances from the dry-cleaned textiles and to determine the residue of selected non-volatile substances after dry-cleaning.
På samme tidspunkt blev restindholdet af flygtige stoffer i tekstilerne bestemt.
At the sametime, the residue of volatile substances in the textiles was determined.
Ud fra resultaterne af klimakammerforsøgene blev de styrende parametre for emissionen bestemt (henfaldskonstant og residualindhold).
On the basis of the results of the tests carried out in the climatic chambers, the controlling parameters for the emission were determined (emission constants and residual content).
Afsnit 6 indeholder en detaljeret beskrivelse af forsøgsomstændigheder, udvalgte tekstiler og pletter, analyseresultater samt beregnede parametre.
Please see section 6 for a detailed description of the test conditions, the selected textiles and spots as well as the analysis results and calculated parameters.
· Fase 4: Modellering af indeklimapåvirkning fra renset tekstil.
· Phase 4: Modelling of the indoor climate influence from dry-cleaned textile
De beregnede henfaldskonstanter blev efterfølgende anvendt til modellering af den resulterende indeklimakoncentration efter introduktion af forskellige mængder af nyrenset tekstil til henholdsvis en dårligt ventileret lejlighed og et stor velventileret parcelhus.
The emission constants were subsequently used for modelling of the resultant indoor climate concentration upon introduction of different quantities of newly dry-cleaned textile into a poorly ventilated apartment and a large well-ventilated single-family house respectively.
Den anvendte matematiske model, dens forudsætninger samt resultaterne fremgår af afsnit 7.
The mathematical model, its assumptions and the results appear from section 7.
I afsnit 8 er projektets samlede resultater diskuteret.
The results of the projects are discussed in section 8.
3 Introduktion til processer i renserier
3 Introduction to processes in drycleaning shops
I Danmark er der i størrelsesordenen 285 renserier, heraf kan en del være indleveringssteder eller lign.
In Denmark, there are 285 dry-cleaning shops, some of them may only be for handing in (registered as ”dry-cleaning shops” under www.dgs.dk).
Arbejdsgangen i renserierne består typisk af følgende aktiviteter:
The work procedure in the dry-cleaning shops typically includes the following activities:
· Varemodtagelse · Pletfjernelse · Grundrensning i rensemaskine · Formbehandling (f.eks. presning) og/eller finishbehandling · Varekontrol og emballering · Vareudlevering
· Goods reception and storage · Spot removal · Basic dry-cleaning in dry-cleaning machine · Shaping (e.g. pressing) and/or final treatment · Goods control and storage · Delivery of goods
Grundrensningen i rensemaskinen består typisk af et forskyl, et filterskyl, og en efterfølgende tørring.
The basic dry-cleaning in the dry-cleaning machine typically consists of a prerinse, a filter rinse and subsequent drying.
Sammenlignes renseprocessen med vaskeprocessen i en almindelig vaskemaskine, kan forskyllet sammenlignes med forvask, mens filterskylning kan sammenlignes med klarvask og efterfølgende skylning.
If you compare the dry-cleaning process with the washing process in an ordinary washing machine, the prerinse can be compared with the pre-wash and the filter rinse can be compared with the basic washing programme and subsequent rinsing.
For visse produkter kan flere funktioner være samlet i et produkt.
For some of the chemical products, more functions can be included in one product.
Fjerner statisk elektricitet.
Removes statical electricity.
Læderrensning sker typisk hos specialrenseri
Cleaning of leather typically takes place in a special dry-cleaning shop
Pletrensning før/efter grundrensningen
Spot cleaning before/after the basic drycleaning
F.eks filterpulver, aktiv kul til ekstra filtrering af rensevæsken.
Filter powder, active carbon for air cleaning, etc.
Processerne i de kulbrinte- og Rynex-maskine, som anvendes i Danmark, kan overordnet illustreres ved flowdiagrammet i figur 3.1.
The processes in the hydrocarbon and Rynex machines used in Denmark can be illustrated by the flow diagram in figure 3.1.
Figur 3.1: Skematisk beskrivelse af de typiske processer i Kulbrinte- og Rynex-rensemaskinen.
Figure 3.1: Schematic description of the typical processes in the hydrocarbon and Rynex drycleaning machines
Rensevæske tilsat ved opstart af maskine
Cleaning fluid added at first charge.
Sker ved hver charge Sker aperiodisk
Happens at every charge Happens aperiodic
Destillatet opsamles efter destillation og kondensering i tank 2.
The distillate is collected after distillation and condensation in tank 2.
Der sker således en løbende recirkulering med mellemliggende destillation af rensevæsken.
This means that there is a constant re-circulation with intermediate distillation of the cleaning fluid.
Når en ny renserimaskine startes, påfyldes rensevæske.
When a new dry-cleaning machine is started, cleaning fluid is added.
Herefter tilsættes rensevæske kun, hvis der bliver underskud af væske i tankene.
Hereafter, cleaning fluid is only added in case of deficiency of fluid in the tanks.
Ofte er den løbende tilsætning af renseforstærker, der typisk indeholder nogle af de samme komponenter, som er indeholdt i rensevæskerne, tilstrækkelig til at kompensere for tabet af rensevæske via tøj, tromleluft og destillationsproces.
Often, the continuos addition of cleaning intensifier, which typically contains some of the same components as the cleaning fluids, is sufficient to compensate for the loss of cleaning fluid via the clothes, cylinder air and distillation process.
Der sker således en løbende recirkulering med mellemliggende destillation af rensevæsken.
Waterproofing fluid is added after the second bath, but before the drying.
Der er eksempler på, at renserier med nyeste teknologi, regelmæssig aftapper overskudsvæske fra maskinen.
In some cases, dry-cleaning shops using the latest technology periodically draw off excess fluid from the machine.
4 Fase 1 - Udarbejdelse af bruttoliste over anvendte produkter
4 Phase 1 - Creation of gross list of used products
4.1 Udvælgelse af renserier til spørgeskemarunde
4.1 Selection of dry-cleaning shops for questionnaire round
Der er taget kontakt til en stor del af de Rynex- og kulbrinte renserier som pt. findes i Danmark.
Contact has been taken to many of the Danish Rynex and hydrocarbon drycleaning shops.
Af disse har i alt 5 kulbrinte-renserier og 2 Rynex-renserier indvilliget i at deltage i projektet.
Of these, 5 hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops and 2 Rynex drycleaning shops have agreed to take part in the project.
Det skal bemærkes, at de fleste af de forespurgte renserier indgår i samme interessegruppe, nemlig Texpert.
Please note that most of the inquired dry-cleaning shops form part of the same interest group, viz. Texpert.
Renserierne er benævnt renseri A til G, idet renseri A og B er Rynex-renserier og renseri C til G er kulbrinte-renserier.
The dry-cleaning shops are called dry-cleaning shops A to G, dry-cleaning shops A and B being Rynex dry-cleaning shops and dry-cleaning shops C to G being hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops.
4.2 Udsendelse af spørgeskemaer til renserierne
4.2 Sending out questionnaires to the dry-cleaning shops
Der blev i juli måned 2002 udsendt et spørgeskema til renseri A til G.
In July 2002, a questionnaire was sent to all selected cleaning firms.
Et uudfyldt spørgeskema fremgår af bilag 1.
Please find a non-completed questionnaire in appendix 1.
Spørgeskemabesvarelserne blev indsamlet og gennemset, og der blev taget kontakt til renseriejerne med henblik på at få uddybet besvarelserne.
The responses to the questionnaires were collected and studied and contact was taken to the owners of the dry-cleaning shops in order to go into details about the answers.
4.3 Resultatet af spørgeskemarunden
4.3 Result of questionnaire round
Nærværende projekt omfatter ikke imprægneringsvæsker.
This project does not include waterproofing fluids.
Som det fremgår af besvarelserne af spørgeskemaerne, jf. bilag 2 er der forholdsvis stor variation fra renseri til renseri mht. hvilke kemikalieprodukter, der anvendes.
As it appears from the responses to the questionnaires (please also see appendix 2), there is a relatively great variation from dry-cleaning shop to drycleaning shop with regard to the chemical products used.
Renserierne oplyste om brug af i alt 30 kemikalieprodukter, fordelt som 13 produkter anvendt i de 5 kulbrinte-renserierne og 17 produkter anvendt i de 2 Rynex-renserierne.
The dry-cleaning shops informed about use of 30 chemical products in total, 13 products being used in the 5 hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops and 17 products being used in the 2 Rynex dry-cleaning shops.
Desuden oplyste et Rynex-renseri om 2 produkter, der ikke anvendes længere i det pågældende renseri.
Furthermore, one of the Rynex dry-cleaning shops informed about 2 products that are not being used any longer by the dry-cleaning shop in question.
For kulbrinterenserierne blev knap 70 % af de identificerede produkter anvendt i mere end et renseri.
As to the hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops, almost 70% of the identified products were used in more than one dry-cleaning shop.
For Rynex-renserierne var der sammenfald mellem den anvendte rensevæske og renseforstærker, mens der blev anvendt forskellige pletfjernere.
As regards the Rynex dry-cleaning shops, there was coincidence between the cleaning fluid and the cleaning intensifier used, whereas different spot removers were used.
Af spørgeskemabesvarelserne fremgår det, at renseforstærkere og rensevæske anvendes i de forholdsmæssigt største mængder.
From the responses to the questionnaires, it appears that the chemicals used in the relatively largest quantities are cleaning intensifiers and cleaning fluids.
I tabel 4.1 er opsummeret oplyste forbrug af disse kemikalier.
The consumption of these chemicals appears from table 4.1.
I samme tabel er de oplyste årligt rensede tekstilmængde anført
The quantity of dry-cleaned textile on an annual basis is also specified in this table.
-: Ikke kendt af renseriejeren
-: Not known by the owner of the dry-cleaning shop
Renset tekstilmængde, kg pr. år
Dry-cleaned textile quantity, kg/year
Det er interessant at konstatere, jf. tabel 4.1 og bilag 2, at forbruget af renseforstærkere i flere tilfælde er højere end forbruget af rensevæske.
It is interesting to see (please also see table 4.1 and appendix 2) that the consumption of cleaning intensifier in more cases is higher than the consumption of cleaning fluid.
Ifølge oplysninger fra renseriejere, er forbruget af renseforstærkere i kulbrinterenserierne stort set på samme niveau, som da man anvendte tetrachlorethylen i renserierne.
According to the owners of the dry-cleaning shops, the consumption of cleaning intensifiers in the hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops is almost at the same level as when they used tetrachlorethylene.
De øvrige kemikalietyper anvendes typisk i mængder på mindre end 120 l pr. år ved en årlig renset tekstilmængde på op til 40.000 kg.
The other chemical types are typically used in quantities of less than 120 litres per year at a dry-cleaned textile quantity of up to 40,000 kg per year.
Såvel ejerne af kulbrinte-renserierne som ejere af Rynex-renserierne oplyste, at de fandt rensningen tilstrækkelig god.
Both the owners of the hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops and the owners of the Rynex dry-cleaning shops informed that they found the dry-cleaning satisfactory.
Der blev ikke oplyst om lugtgener eller reklamationer fra kunder pga. den benyttede rensevæske og/eller hjælpeog tilsætningsstofferne.
Nothing was informed about obnoxious smells or complaints from customers due to the cleaning fluid and/or helping agents and additives used.
Kun ét af de forespurgte Rynex-renserier oplyste om driftsproblemer pga. de(n) anvendte rensevæske og hjælpestoffer: Renseriet fandt, at tørretiden var for lang.
Only one of the inquired Rynex dry-cleaning shops informed about operation problems due to the cleaning fluid(s) and helping agent(s) used: This drycleaning shop found the drying time too long.
Ved forespørgsel om andre gevinster eller gener ved rensevæsken og hjælpeog tilsætningsstofferne oplyste renseriejerne følgende:
When asked about other advantages or disadvantages in relation to the cleaning fluid and the helping agents and additives, the owners of the dry-cleaning shops answered as follows:
Rynex-renserier: · Efter at der er skiftet til Rynex-rensevæske har renseriet mødt stor kundetilfredshed.
The Rynex dry-cleaning shops: · The customer satisfaction has increased after changing to the Rynex cleaning fluid.
Kunderne føler tryghed ved at renseriet er klorfrit.
The customers appreciate that the dry-cleaning shop is not using chlorine.
Kulbrinte-renserier: · Behageligere lugt i renseriet.
The hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops: · More comfortable smell in the dry-cleaning shop.
· Er meget tilfreds med luftfri rensevæske.
· Very satisfied with the non-smelling cleaning fluid.