natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Scenarie 2: Juniorer (16-19 år), som træner og spiller kampe indendørs
Scenario 2: Juniors (16-19 years) training and playing matches indoors
Indåndingvolumen ved træning/kamp = 4,8 m³/time
Inhalation volume during training/match = 4.8 m³/hour
Varighed pr. gang 2 timer
Per-exposure duration = 2 hours
Varighed i måneder = 5,5
Duration in months = 5.5 months
Det resulterer i et ugentligt eksponeringsvolumen på 75 m³/uge i 16 uger eller 0,16 m³/kg kropsvægt pr. dag.
This results in a weekly exposure volume of 75 m³/week for 16 weeks or 0.16 m³/kg body weight per day.
Scenarie 3: Større børn (12-15 år), som træner og spiller kamp indendørs
Scenario 3: Older children (12-15 years) training and playing matches indoors
Indåndingsrumfang ved træning/kamp = 3,6 m³/time
Inhalation volume during training/match = 3.6 m³/hour
Scenarie 4: Børn (7-12 år), som træner og spiller kamp indendørs
Scenario 4: Children (7-12 years) training and playing matches indoors
Antal gange pr. uge = 5 gange
No. of exposure episodes per week = 5
Det antages, at disse finder sted i samme periode som træningen.
It is assumed that the matches take place in the same period as the training.
Det resulterer i en ugentlig hudeksponering på 42.600 mg gummigranulat pr. uge eller 87 mg gummigranulat/kg kropsvægt pr. dag.
This results in a weekly skin exposure of 42,600 mg of rubber granules per week or 87 mg of rubber granules per kg of body weight per day.
Hudoverflade, som eksponeres = 6.600 cm²
Skin surface exposed = 6,600 cm²
Scenarie 7: Større børn (12-15 år), som træner og spiller kampe indendørs
Scenario 7: Big children (12-15 years) training and playing matches indoors
Det antages, at de finder sted i samme periode som træningen.
It is assumed that the matches take place in the same period as the training.
Scenarie 8: Børn (7-12 år), som træner og spiller kampe indendørs
Scenario 8: Children (7-12 years) training and playing matches indoors
Der er ingen konkret viden om, i hvilket omfang børn, der spiller fodbold på en kunstgræsbane, kommer til at sluge noget af granulatet.
There is no concrete knowledge on the extent to which children playing football on an artificial turf pitch will accidentally swallow some of the granulate.
Scenarierne, der lægges til grund for det estimerede indtag, tager udgangspunkt i oralt indtag på 1,0 g gummistøv pr. kamp.
The scenarios on which the estimated intake are based take an oral intake of 1.0 g of rubber dust per match as their starting point.
Det forekommer urealistisk højt på grund af den ubehagelige smag af gummi, men det er valgt alligevel som worst case.
It seems unrealistically high because of the unpleasant taste of rubber, but nonetheless serves as the worst case scenario.
Det er ikke i nærværende projekt muligt at gennemføre omfattende forsøg med opsamling af dræn fra lysimetre, hverken ud fra en økonomisk eller en tidsmæssig vurdering.
In this project, it was not possible to complete comprehensive tests including collection of drainage from lysimeters, neither based on a financial or a temporal evaluation.
De udenlandske forsøg er typisk gennemført over en periode på et år og med monitering af op til 42 analyseparametre.
The foreign studies were typically conducted over a period of one year with monitoring of up to 42 analysis parameters.
Der er derfor i nærværende projekt anvendt relativt enkle udvaskningsforsøg, svarende til dem, man har foretaget i Norge (efter prEN 12457-4 ved L/S=10) eller som foreskrevet i den tyske DIN 18035-7.
Therefore, this project has conducted relatively simple leaching tests, corresponding to those conducted in Norway (in accordance with prEN 12457-4 at L/S=10) or in accordance with the German DIN 18035-7.
Om muligt udføres et sammenlignende forsøg efter forskrift for udvaskning af tungmetaller og salte fra jord og slagger i Bekendtgørelse nr. 1635, 2006 om genanvendelse af restprodukter og jord til bygge- og anlægsarbejder.
If possible, a comparative test was made in accordance with guidelines for leaching of heavy metals and salts from soil and cinders in Danish Executive Order no. 1635, 2006 on recycling of residual products and soil for construction works.
I forskriften for test af jord (prEN 12457-3) benyttes et lavere væskeindhold (L/S=2), som muligvis kan være vanskeligt at håndtere ved test af gummipartikler (prEN 12547-3).
The executive order for testing of soil (prEN 12457-3) uses a lower liquid content (L/S=2), which may be difficult to handle when testing rubber particles (prEN 12547-3).
Men metoden vurderes i øvrigt velegnet til gummi, hvis der tages højde herfor.
If this is taken into consideration, the method is otherwise deemed to be suitable for rubber.
Udvaskningsforsøgene omfatter udvaskning til demineraliseret vand, en natriumchloridopløsning og en calciumchloridopløsning (basisk pH).
The leaching tests include leaching to demineralised water, a sodium chloride solution and a calcium chloride solution (alkaline pH).
Der tages udgangspunkt i de vejledende mængder af salt, der ifølge DBU estimeres forbrugt pr. år (2 ton), og de oplysninger, der er indhentet via interviews med boldklubber, kommuner og kunstgræsleverandører.
The starting point is the guideline volumes of salt which, according to DBU, are estimated to be used per year (2 tonnes), and the information gathered through interviews with football clubs, municipalities and artificial turf suppliers.
Der tages udgangspunkt i udvanding med opløsning af salt i vand i forholdet 1:6.
The starting point is watering with a solution of salt in water at a ratio of 1:6.
De prøver (først og fremmest infill), der udvælges til migrationstests, vil være de prøver, hvor der forventes størst risiko for høj migration af zink, ftalater og octyl/nonylphenoler eller andre sundhedsskadelige stoffer.
The samples (primarily infill) selected for migration tests would be the samples for which the risk was expected to be biggest for high migration of zinc, phthalates and octylphenols/nonylphenols or other substances which are harmful to human health.
Ud fra udvaskningsforsøgene foretages en simpel vurdering af betydning af stoffer i drænvand for drikkevandskvalitet ved at sammenligne koncentration af stoffer i kontaktmediet med drikkevandskrav.
Based on the leaching tests, a simple assessment was made of the impact of substances in drainage water on drinking water quality by comparing the concentration of substances in the contact medium to drinking water requirements.
Endvidere vurderes betydning af eventuel udvaskning af drænvand fra boldbaner til nærliggende vandløb, fx ved kraftige regnskyl, og der foretages overvejelser vedrørende betydning af udvaskede stoffer i forhold til spildevandsafledning
Furthermore, the impact of any leaching of drainage water from football pitches into nearby watercourses was assessed, e.g. in case of heavy rainfall, and considerations were made on the significance of leached substances in relation to wastewater discharge.
Der benyttes sammenlignende worst case-betragtninger eller forsimplede modelbetragtninger, idet der ikke inden for projektets økonomiske rammer er mulighed for en omfattende modellering, der tager hensyn til de aktuelle jordbundsforhold vedrørende vandindvinding ved de undersøgte boldbaner.
Comparative worst case reviews or simplified model observations were applied, as the financial framework of the project did not allow for comprehensive modelling which could take the actual soil conditions in connection with water recovery at the football pitches tested into consideration.
5 Anskaffelse af prøvemateriale
5 Procurement of sample material
Fremskaffelse af prøvemateriale af infill, kunstgræsmåtter og evt. pad er sket ved henvendelse til leverandører godkendt af DBU samt ved henvendelse til andre producenter eller importører af infill til kunstgræs.
Samples of infill, artificial turf mats and any pads have been procured by contacting suppliers approved by DBU as well as by contacting manufacturers or importers of infill for artificial turf.
Følgende prøver er anskaffet til projektet:
The following samples have been procured:
Tabel 5.1 Oversigt over Infill materialer
Table 5.1 List of infill materials
Forventningen er, at man på baggrund af de brugte infill fra de to baner kan få en indikation med hensyn til, om der sker en reduktion af zinkudvaskningen, om den er uændret eller forøget, i og med at banerne er anlagt for to år siden.
The expectation is that an indication can be obtained, based on the used infills from the two pitches, of whether the zinc leaching is reduced, unchanged or increased, given the pitches were installed two years ago.
Der er blandt de mange indhentede prøver sket en prioritering af, hvilke produkter der udvælges til analyse, og hvilke analyseparametre der skal indgå for de udvalgte prøver.
Among the many samples collected, it has been prioritised which products should be selected for analysis and which analysis parameters should be included for the selected samples.
Det er sket på baggrund af viden om den kemiske opbygning af de forskellige anvendte materialer, tilsatte hjælpestoffer og kendte omdannelsesprodukter.
This has been done based on a knowledge of the chemical structure of the various materials used, auxiliaries added and known degradation products.
Eksempelvis er det ikke relevant at analysere for zink i TPE, som jo ikke er vulkaniseret gummi.
It is, for example, not relevant to analyse for zinc in TPE, which is not vulcanised rubber.
6.1 Analysemetoder og analyseprogram
6.1 Analysis methods and analysis programme
Der er foretaget kemiske screeningsanalyser for organiske stoffer på størstedelen af de indsamlede produkter i form af elastisk infill, kunstgræsmåtter og pad.
Chemical screening analyses have been carried out for organic substances on the majority of the products collected in the form of elastic infills, artificial turf mats and pads.
Analyserne for de organiske komponenter har omfattet headspace-analyser for afgivelse af flygtige stoffer og analyse af dichlormethan-ekstrakter (DCM) for indholdsstoffer i selve produkterne.
The analyses for the organic components have comprised headspace analyses for emissions of volatile substances and analysis of dichloromethane extracts (DCM) for constituents in the actual products.
For kunstgræsmåtterne er der for et mindre udvalg sket en supplerende screening for grundstoffer ved en røntgenanalyse.
For a small selection of the artificial turf mats, a supplementary screening for elements has been carried out using X-ray analysis.
6.1.1.1 Semikvantitativ GC/MS headspace-screening for afgivelse af flygtige organiske stoffer
6.1.1.1 Semi-quantitative GC/MS headspace screening for emission of volatile organic substances
0,5 g prøve anbringes i et 60 ml glas med skruelåg i en time ved 70 °C, og headspacen analyseres for flygtige stoffer.
0.5 g of sample is placed in a 60 ml glass with screw cap for one hour at 70°C, and the headspace is analysed for volatile substances.
Analyserne er foretaget som enkeltbestemmelser.
The analyses are carried out as single determinations.
Der blev medtaget blindprøver i form af headspace-analyse på tomme glas.
Blind samples were included in the form of headspace analyses of empty glasses.
Der blev foretaget gennemskylning af apparatur med nitrogen for at sikre mod kontaminering prøverne imellem.
The equipment was flushed with nitrogen to prevent cross-sample contamination.
Der blev anvendt en HP gaschromatograf 5890 med et HP massespektrometer 5972.
An HP 5890 gas chromatograph with an HP 5972 mass spectrometer was used.
6.1.1.2 Semikvantitativ analyse for indhold af organiske komponenter i produkterne
6.1.1.2 Semi-quantitative analysis for content of organic component in the products
Der blev foretaget dobbeltbestemmelser.
Double determinations were carried out.
Analyse af ekstrakter ved GC-MS i scan-mode.
Analysis of extracts using GC-MS in scan mode.
Standarder for BTEX, n-alkaner (C10-C36) og ftalater samt andre udvalgte analytter blev medanalyseret.
Standards for BTEX, n-alkanes (C10-C36) and phthalates as well as other selected analytes were co-analysed.
De listede komponenter blev identificeret ved sammenligning af de aktuelle massespektre med massespektre i NIST-bibliotek (Nist02 Version 2.0).
The listed components were identified by comparing the current mass spectres with mass spectres in NIST library (Nist02 Version 2.0).
De anførte mængder er beregnet over for den interne standard af naftalen-d8 (5,69 µg/ml ekstraktionsvæske).
The quantities specified are calculated against the internal standard of naphthalene-d8 (5.69 µg/ml extraction liquid).
6.1.1.3 Screening for indhold af grundstoffer i kunstgræsmåtter
6.1.1.3 Screening for content of elements in artificial turf mats
Analysen er foretaget på et Eagle III EDXRF-instrument.
The analysis was carried out on an Eagle III EDXRF instrument.
Metoden er ikke destruktiv for materialet, idet prøven anbringes i instrumentets prøvekammer, som evakueres, hvorefter den bestråles med røntgenstråler.
The method is non-destructive to the material, as the sample is placed in the instrument's test chamber which is evacuated, and the sample is then irradiated using X-rays.
Der anvendtes 300 µm spot ved en spænding på 40 kV.
300 µm spot was used at a voltage of 40 kV.
Der er foretaget enkeltbestemmelser.
Single determinations were carried out.
6.1.1.4 Kvantitative screeningsanalyser for zink
6.1.1.4 Quantitative screening analyses for zinc
Der er foretaget zinkanalyse på udvalgte prøver af elastisk infill og kunstgræsmåtter for at fastlægge koncentrationen i materialerne før udvaskningsforsøg.
Zinc analyses were made on selected samples of elastic infill and artificial turf mats in order to determine the concentration in the materials before the leaching tests.
Analysebetingelserne har været følgende:
The analysis conditions were as follows:
0,5 g prøve - nøjagtigt afvejet - blev præpareret med 10 ml koncentreret salpetersyre (Subboiling quality) i en PFA-autoklave ved mikrobølgeinduceret opvarmning.
0.5 g of sample - carefully weighed - were prepared with 10 ml of concentrated nitric acid (subboiling quality) in an PFA autoclave through microwave-induced heating.
Destruatet blev fortyndet med demineraliseret vand (MilliQ plus) til 50 ml og filtreret.
The destruate was diluted with demineralised water (MilliQ plus) to 50 ml and filtered.
Blindprøver blev fremstillet tilsvarende.
Blind samples were produced in a similar manner.
Kvantificeringen blev foretaget over for standarder fremstillet i salpetersyre.
Quantification was made against standards made in nitric acid.
Kalibreringen blev verificeret over for sporbare kontrolprøver.
The calibration was verified against traceable control samples.
Der er foretaget udvaskningsforsøg i laboratorieskala på de produkter, der blev udvalgt til kvantitativ analyse, enten for afgivelse af zink eller for afgivelse af organiske stoffer, på baggrund af resultaterne fra de indledende screeningsanalyser og kvantitative zinkanalyser.
Laboratory-scale leaching tests were carried out on the products selected for quantitative analysis, either to test for emissions of zinc or organic substances, based on the results from the preliminary screening analyses and quantitative zinc analyses.
Udvaskningen skete til tre vandige kontaktmedier:
Three aqueous contact media were subjected to leaching:
Rent vand (MilliQ kvalitet)
Pure water (MilliQ quality)
Rent vand tilsat 70 g teknisk natriumklorid-vejsalt i en koncentration på 70 g pr. liter
Pure water to which was added 70 g technical sodium chloride road salt in a concentration of 70 g per litre
Rent vand tilsat 70 g teknisk calciumklorid-vejsalt i en koncentration på 70 g pr. liter
Pure water to which was added 70 g technical calcium chloride road salt in a concentration of 70 g per litre
Calciumklorid var mærket calciumchlorid, Flakes 77 % CC tech, KOCC210198, Tetra 52 854 401, fremstillet i Finland af Tetra Chemicals.
The calcium chloride was labelled calcium chloride, Flakes 77% CC tech, KOCC210198, Tetra 52 854 401, made in Finland by Tetra Chemicals.
Kontakt med rent vand er valgt for det scenarium, hvor der sker udvaskning fra kunstgræsbanerne som følge af regnvejr.
Contact with pure water was selected for the scenario where the leaching from the artificial turf pitches is caused by rain.
Kontakt med natriumklorid og calciumklorid er valgt for de to scenarier, hvor der saltes om vinteren.
Contact with sodium chloride and calcium chloride was selected for the two scenarios where winter salting is carried out.
Sædvanligvis anvendes der natriumklorid, som er det billigste tøsalt, men ved stærk kulde skiftes der til enten calciumklorid eller magnesiumklorid.
Sodium chloride, which is the cheapest type of thawing salt, is usually used, but during very cold periods either calcium chloride or magnesium are used instead.
Koncentrationen af salt i kontaktvandet er valgt på baggrund af DBU´s anbefalinger om en koncentration af saltopløsningerne ved fjernelse af is og sne på banerne på 142 g/liter.
The concentration of salt in the contact water was selected on the basis of DBU's recommended salt solution concentration of 142 g/litre for the removal of ice and snow on the pitches.
Der er valgt den halve koncentration, da der ved smeltning sker en fortynding af opløsningen.
It was decided to halve this concentration as melting dilutes the solution.
pH af natriumchlorid-opløsningen blev målt med pH-måler til 4,7, og pH af calciumchlorid opløsningen var 11,5, dvs. stærkt basisk.
The pH of the sodium chloride solution was measured to be 4.7 using a pH meter, and the calcium chloride had a pH of 11.5, i.e. strongly alkaline.
Efter udvaskning var calciumchlorid-væskerne stadig stærkt basiske (ca. pH = 11 målt med sticks).
Following leaching, the calcium chloride liquids were still strongly alkaline (approx. pH = 11 measured using sticks).
Det vurderes, at det stærkt basiske pH for calciumkloridopløsningen skyldes rester af calciumhydroxid.
The strongly alkaline pH of the calcium chloride solution is deemed to be caused by calcium hydroxide residues.
Forsøgsbetingelserne har været følgende.
The test conditions were as follows.
Der afvejes 80,0 g produkt, som tilsættes 800,0 g af kontaktmediet.
80.0 g of product was weighed out and to this was added 800.0 g of the contact medium.
For kunstgræsprøverne neddeles disse før kontakt med vandet.
The artificial turf samples were divided up before contact with the water.
Det samme gælder for den undersøgte pad.
The same applied to the tested pad.
Til forsøgene, hvor der skal måles for afgivelse af zink, er der anvendt 1 liter polyethylen-beholdere (PE) med PE-skruelåg.
For the zinc emission tests, 1 l polyethylene (PE) containers with PE screw-on caps were used.
Beholderne er forinden syreskyllet med fortyndet salpetersyre i analysekvalitet og efterskyllet med kontaktmediet.
Prior to the test, the containers were flushed with diluted nitric acid of analysis quality and post-flushed with the contact medium.
Som blindprøver anvendes PE-beholdere med de rene kontaktmedier.
PE containers with the pure contact media were used as blank samples.
Til forsøgene med afgivelse af organiske stoffer til kontaktvandet anvendes udglødede 1 l glasflasker med PE-skruelåg.
Annealed 1 l glass bottles with PE screw-on caps were used for the organic substance emission tests.
Som blindprøver anvendes ligeledes tilsvarende glas tilsat kontaktmedierne.
As blind samples, glass bottles to which were added the contact media were also used.
Udvaskningen er sket i en periode over 24 timer på et rysteapparat af mærket Gerhard Laboshake.
The leaching occurred over a 24-hour period on a Gerhard Laboshake shaker.
Beholderne og flaskerne er anbragt liggende i apparatet.
The containers and bottles were placed in horizontal position in the shaker.
Der blev konstateret en god væskekontakt med alt materiale under rysteprocessen ved den anvendte rystefrekvens på 120 retningsskift pr. minut.
Good liquid contact with all material was observed during the shaking process at the shaking rate applied of 120 directional changes per minute.
Kontaktvandet er efter forsøgenes afslutning blevet filtreret gennem en Büchnertragt under anvendelse af et Whatmann filter nr. 42.
Upon completion of the tests, the contact water was filtered through a Büchner funnel using a Whatmann filter paper no. 42.
Ved filtrering af de calciumkloridbaserede kontaktvæsker blev der i en del tilfælde konstateret et væsentligt lavere tryktab under filtrering samt dannelse af skum, hvilket tyder på omdannelse af organisk stof og evt. forsæbningsreaktioner som følge af det høje pH i kontaktvæsken.
During filtration of the calcium chloride-based contact liquids, in a number of instances a significantly lower pressure drop was observed during filtration as well as foaming, indicating the conversion of organic substance and possibly saponification reactions as a result of the high pH of the contact liquid.
Filtraterne er blevet opbevaret i køleskab indtil analyse.
The filtrates were stored in a fridge until analysis.
Kvantificeringen blev som tidligere anført foretaget over for standarder fremstillet i salpetersyre og verificeret over for sporbare kontrolprøver.
As mentioned above, the quantification was carried out against standards made in nitric acid and verified against traceable control samples.
De filtrater, som skulle analyseres for afgivelse af organiske stoffer til kontaktvandet, blev ekstraheret efter følgende procedure:
The filtrates to be analysed for emissions of organic substances to the contact water were extracted using the following procedure:
500 ml filtrat (evt. mindre mængde) gøres basisk (pH = 10 med natriumhydroxyd).
500 ml of filtrate (possibly a small quantity) is made alkaline (pH = 10 using sodium hydroxide).
Interne standarder (brombenzen og o-tert phenyl) tilsættes sammen med 20 ml DCM.
Internal standards (bromobenzene and o-tert phenyl) were added together with 20 ml of DCM.
Ekstraktionen gentages med 10 ml DCM, som overføres til flasken.
The extraction was repeated with 10 ml of DCM which was transferred to the bottle.
Herefter gøres vandfasen sur (pH = 2) med saltsyre.
The water phase was then made acidic (pH = 2) using hydrochloric acid.
Der ekstraheres på samme vis som ved den basiske ekstraktion til 20 ml DCM.
The extraction procedure was the same as for the alkaline extraction to 20 ml of DCM.
Efter fraseparering af DCM-fasen overføres den til flasken med det basiske ekstrakt.
After having separated off the DCM phase, it was transferred to the bottle with the alkaline extract.
Ekstraktionen gentages med 5 ml DCM, som kombineres med de tidligere tre ekstrakter i flasken.
The extraction was repeated with 5 ml of DCM, which was combined with the previous three extracts in the bottle.
Ekstrakterne er efter tilsætning af interne standarder blevet analyseret ved GC/MS.
Following the addition of internal standards, the extracts were analysed using GC/MS.
6.2 Resultater af screeningsanalyser
6.2 Results of screening analyses
6.2.1 Resultater af kvantitativ analyse for zink i produkterne
6.2.1 Results of quantitative analysis for zinc in products
Tabel 6.1 Kvantitativt indhold af zink i udvalgte produkter
Table 6.1 Quantitative zinc content in selected products
6.2.2 Resultater af røntgenscreening for grundstoffer i udvalgte græsmåtter
6.2.2 Results of X-ray screening for elements in selected turf mats
For alle undersøgte græsmåtter blev der konstateret calcium i måttens bund som det eneste grundstof ved analysen.
The analysis showed calcium as the only element in the turf base of the all turf mats tested.
For græsstråene blev der konstateret jern i alle stråene.
Iron was observed in all grass leaves.
I fire ud af de syv undersøgte måtter blev der detekteret zink i varierende mængder.
In four out of seven turf mats tested, zinc in varying quantities was detected.
I to af prøverne blev der yderligere detekteret titan.
In two of the samples, titanium was also detected.
For den prøve (græs nr. 6), hvor der var det højeste zinkindhold, blev der foretaget afvaskning af overfladen med 96 % ethylalkohol, uden at zinkkoncentrationen ændrede sig.
The surface of the sample (turf no. 6) with the highest zinc content was washed using 96% ethyl alcohol without causing changes in the zinc concentration.