natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Alle produkter var lovlige ved købstidspunktet (foråret 2006).
All products were legal at the time of purchasing (spring 2006).
8.3 Generel sundhedsvurdering af de kosmetiske produkter til børn
8.3 General health assessment of the cosmetic products for children
En stor del af de kortlagte produkter indeholder potentielt allergifremkaldende stoffer i form af parfumestoffer, konserveringsmidler og/eller farvestoffer.
A majority of the mapped products contains allergenic substances in the form of fragrances, preservatives and/or colouring agents.
74% af samtlige produkter indeholder parfume, men holdes de produkter, hvor indholdsdeklarationen af en eller anden grund har manglet, samt de parfumefrie tandpastaprodukter ude af beregningen, så er der 86% af de resterende produkter, der har et indhold af parfume.
74% of all products contain perfume but if the products without the declaration of content and the non-perfumed tooth paste products are kept out of the calculation 86% of the remaining products have a content of perfume.
Cirka en tredjedel af produkterne indeholder et eller flere af de 26 deklarationspligtige parfumestoffer.
Approximately one third of the products contains one or more of the 26 fragrances mandatory to declare.
Over halvdelen (63%) af produkterne indeholder konserveringsmidler.
More than the half (63%) of the products contains preservatives.
En del konserveringsmidler regnes ligesom parfumestoffer for at være allergifremkaldende.
Several preservatives are considered to be allergenic just like fragrances.
12 af de anvendte 23 konserveringsmidler anses for at være allergifremkaldende eller potentielt allergifremkaldende.
12 of the applied 23 preservatives are considered to be allergenic or potentially allergenic.
Blandt de seks hyppigste anvendte konserveringsmidler findes fem parabener, der kun i sjældne tilfælde vides at fremkalde allergi (Videncenter for Allergi, 2006d), men hvoraf nogle af dem er under diskussion for hormonforstyrrende effekter.
Among the six most frequently applied preservatives five parabens are found which in rare instances are known to develop allergy (Denmark's National Allergy Research Centre, 2006d) but of which some of them are being discussed for endocrine-disrupting effects.
Tilsvarende indeholder over halvdelen (57%) af produkterne farvestoffer.
Correspondingly, more than the half (57%) of the products contains colouring agents.
Nogle farvestoffer regnes ligeledes for at være allergifremkaldende.
Some colouring agents are also considered to be allergenic.
Der er fundet få farvestoffer, der regnes for at være allergifremkaldende, i de kosmetiske produkter til børn, og disse farvestoffer forekommer kun i hårfarveprodukterne (skyllefarve) - syv produkter i alt.
A few colouring agents which are considered to be allergenic are found in the cosmetic products for children and these colouring agents are only found in the hair dye products (rinsing colour) - seven products in total.
EU Kommisionen forbyder 22 stoffer i hårfarver per 1. december 2006.
The EU commission bans 22 substances in hair dyes as per 1 December 2006.
Ingen af disse farvestoffer er fundet i de kortlagte produkter til børn.
None of these hair dyes are found in the mapped products for children.
Det er derfor relevant at undgå hårfarver og parfumerede kosmetiske produkter til børn, hvis man vil minimere risikoen for sensibilisering.
However, to some extent it can be necessary as it can be difficult or nearly impossible to find products without perfume in some product groups.
Køb så vidt muligt kosmetiske produkter uden parfume.
”Phenoxyetol: Toxicity in oral administration to rats for thirteen weeks”.
Som beskrevet i (IUCLID, 2000d).
As described in (IUCLID, 2000d).
Som beskrevet i (OECD SIDS, 2001).
As described in (OECD SIDS, 2001).
Som beskrevet i (WHO, 2002).
As described in (WHO, 2002).
Beskrivelse af Bronidox (5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane).
Description of Bronidox (5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane).
Sidst opdateret 5 August 2006.
Latest update 5 August 2006.
[1] Kathon er en blanding af de to stoffer methylchlorisothiazolinon og methylisothiazolinon i forholdet 3:1
[1] Kathon is a mixture of the two substances methylchlorisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone in the ratio 3:1
For hovedparten af produkterne vides ikke i hvilken koncentration duftstofferne forekommer i (blot at den er over 100 mg/kg eller 0,001%).
For the majority of the products it is unknown in which concentration the fragrances occur (only that it is above 100 mg/kg or 0.001%).
Bilag A: Udtræk fra databasen over kosmetiske produkter til børn
Appendix A: Extractions from the database of cosmetics products for children
1 Oversigt over indholdet i databasen
1 Overview of the content of the database
Dette bilag indeholder en beskrivelse af indholdet af den udarbejdede database over kosmetiske produkter til børn.
This appendix contains a description of the content of the created database of cosmetics products for children.
Databasen præsenteres kort, når denne åbnes (se figur 1).
The database is shortly presented when it is opened (see figure 1).
Figur 1: startside for databasen
Figure 1: Front page of the database
Databasen er bygget op omkring en produktoversigt, hvor der for hvert produkt er registreret:
The database is based on a product overview where the following is recorded for each product:
- Diverse oplysninger om produktet (type, købested, m.m.)
- Various information about the products (type, place of purchase etc.)
For hvert produkt er der indlagt oplysninger i databasen om hvilke ingredienser, der indgår i produkterne, men også i hvilken rækkefølge (rangordning) ingredienserne er listet på produktet.
For each product information has been keyed into the database about which constituents are forming a part of the products but also in which ranking the constituents are listed on the product.
Et lille tal (høj rangordning) er et udtryk for, at stoffet indgår som hovedingrediens i produktet, hvorimod et højt tal (lav rangordning) indikerer, at stoffet indgår som tilsætningsstof, eks. konserveringsmidler.
A low number (high ranking) expresses that the substance enters as a main constituent in the product whereas a high number (low ranking) indicates that the substance enters as an additive, for instance preservatives.
Herudover indeholder databasen en lang række andre informationer om produkterne.
Furthermore, the database contains a wide range of other information about the products.
Følgende oplysninger er registreret i databasen for alle de indkøbte produkter (se figur 2):
The following information is recorded in the database for all the purchased products (see figure 2):
Eksempelvis om produkter er solgt i sampak eller til notering af opklaring af INCI-navne.
For instance, whether products are sold in twin pack or notes about clarification of INCI names
2 Samtlige kemiske stoffer fundet i de kortlagte produkter
2 All chemical substances found in the mapped products
Undersøgelse af afgivelse af bisphenol A fra kasseboner og sutteskjold
Migration of bisphenol A from cash register receipts and baby dummies
Kasseboner og kvitteringer på det danske marked er kortlagt, og resultatet viser, at langt den overvejende del udgøres af termopapir, som indeholder bisphenol A.
Cash register receipts on the Danish market is analyzed and the results show that the majority is made of thermal paper containing bisphenol A.
Risikoberegninger viser dog, at bonerne ikke udgør en risiko for forbrugere eller kassepersonale, der håndterer bonerne.
Risk assessment shows however that the receipts do not pose a risk to consumers or cashiers who handle the receipts.
Heller ikke selvom de er gravide, og selvom der samtidig tages højde for den mængde bisphenol A, der kommer via fødevarer.
Even if they are pregnant, and even when taking into account the amount of bisphenol A that also comes from food.
Undersøgelsen viser samtidig, at boner er en væsentlig kilde til udsættelse for bisphenol A.
The study also shows that receipts are a significant source of exposure to bisphenol A.
Vurderingen af sutterne viser, at de ikke udgør en risiko, selvom der også indregnes den mængde bisphenol A, små børn udsættes for fra fødevarer.
The risk assessment of baby dummies shows that they do not pose a risk even when taken into account the amount of bisphenol A small children are also exposed to from food.
Livscyklustankegang og livscyklusvurdering er centrale elementer i en produktorienteret miljøindsats.
Life cycle thinking and life cycle assessment are key elements in an integrated product policy.
Der er behov for grundige og fagligt velfunderede metoder til livscyklusvurderinger.
There is a need for thorough and scientific well- founded methods for life cycle assessment.
Et resultat, som er et godt grundlag for de beslutninger, der efterfølgende skal træffes.
A result, that is a good foundation for the decisions subsequently to be made.
Der er gennem de sidste 10 år givet tilskud til en række projekter om livscyklusvurderinger og livscyklustankegang.
During the last 10 years a number of projects concerning life cycle assessment and life cycle thinking has received financial support.
Hovedresultaterne af projekter om livscyklusvurderinger vil i en periode fra 2000 og et par år frem blive udgivet som en ”miniserie” under Miljøstyrelsens serie Miljønyt.
The main results of projects on life cycle assessments will from 2000 and in the next couple of years be published as a mini-series under the Danish EPA's series Environmental News (Miljønyt).
Efterhånden som projekterne bliver færdige vil de supplere resultaterne af UMIP-projektet fra 1996.
As the projects are being finalised they will supplement the results of the EDIP-project from 1996.
Disse værktøjer, erfaringer samt råd, hjælp og vejledning vil tilsammen danne et godt grundlag for de fleste anvendelser af livscyklusvurderinger.
The tools, experience, advice, help and guidance altogether form a good platform for most applications of life cycle assessments.
Livscyklusvurderinger er et så vidtfavnende område, at der næppe kan skrives én bog, der dækker alle situationer og anvendelser af livscyklusvurderinger.
Life cycle assessment is a field so comprehensive, that it is not likely to be possible to write one book, that will cover all situations and applications of life cycle assessments.
Miljøstyrelsen håber, at denne ”miniserie” vil kunne give overblik over og formidle den støtte, der findes, til virksomheder, organisationer, myndigheder og andre, der gerne vil arbejde livscyklusorienteret.
The Danish EPA hopes, that the LCA-publications together will present the knowledge available to companies, institutions, authorities and others, who wish to use the life cycle approach.
Denne vejledning er skrevet som led i det danske LCA metode og konsensus projekt, som er gennemført i perioden 1997 til 2003.
This guideline has been prepared within the Danish LCA methodology and consensus-creation project carried out during the period from autumn 1997 to 2003.
Vejledningen er en del af en række vejledninger, som drejer sig om centrale emner i LCA.
The guideline forms part of a series of guidelines dealing with key issues in LCA.
Det skal dog understreges, at vejledningerne er udviklet gennem en konsensus proces, med deltagelse af alle væsentlige forskningsinstitutioner og konsulentfirmaer, som er aktivt beskæftiget med LCA i Danmark.
It is important to note that the guidelines were developed by a consensus process involving in reality all major research institutions and consulting firms active in the field of LCA in Denmark.
De råd og anbefalinger, som gives i vejledningerne, kan derfor betragtes som udtryk for, hvad der er generelt accepteret som bedst praksis på LCA-området i Danmark i dag.
The advice given in the guidelines, thus, be said to represent what is generally accepted as best practice today in the field of LCA in Denmark.
Udviklingen af vejledningerne og de tekniske rapporter er blevet initieret og overvåget af Miljøstyrelsens Følgegruppe for LCA metodeudvikling i perioden 1997-2001.
The development of the guidelines and the technical reports was initiated and supervised by the Danish EPA Ad Hoc Committee on LCA Methodology Issues in the period 1997-2001.
Følgende forskningsinstitutioner og konsulent firmaer har været aktive i udviklings- og konsensusarbejdet:
The research institutions and consulting firms active in the development and consensus process are:
Institut for Produkt Udvikling, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet FORCE Technology
Institute for Product Development, Technical University of Denmark
Vejledninger og tekniske rapporter udviklet som led i det danske LCA metode og konsensus projekt
Guidelines and technical reports prepared within the Danish LCA- methodology and consensusproject
Denne vejledning, der fokuserer på normalisering og vægtning, er et resultat af det danske LCA-metode og Konsensusprojekt.
This guideline focusing on normalisation and weighing is a result of an LCA methodology and consensus-making project.
Projektet har involveret en stor del af LCA-praktikerne og interesserede parter i Danmark.
The project has involved a large part of the LCA practitioners and interested parties in Denmark.
Vejledningen giver en præsentation af normaliseringsreferencer med referenceåret 1994 og vægtningsfaktorer med 2004 som målsætningsåret.
The guideline gives a presentation of normalisation references with the reference year 1994 and weighting factors with 2004 as the target year.
På den første workshop blev de data, som var beregnet til at danne basis for den opdaterede og udvidede normalisering, præsenteret, og på den anden blev de indsamlede data præsenteret og diskuteret.
At the first workshop the data intended to form the basis of the updated and extended normalisation reference and the weighting factors were presented and at the second, the collected data were presented and discussed.
Dette gav værdifuld input til projektgruppen med hensyn til data til normaliseringsreferencerne og vægtningsfaktorerne.
This gave valuable input to the project group regarding data to the normalisation references and the weighting factors.
På den anden workshop blev baggrund og anbefalinger for valg af påvirkningskategori og normaliseringsreference desuden præsenteret og diskuteret.
Further, at the second of the workshops background and recommendations for choice of impact category and normalisation reference were presented and discussed.
Denne vejledning er baseret på den ovenfor nævnte tekniske rapport.
This guideline is based on the technical report mentioned above.
Metoden i vejledningen er dog mere praktisk end teoretisk.
However, the approach in the guideline is more practical than theoretical.
Vejledningen giver en kort præsentation af påvirkningskategorierne, som er detaljeret beskrevet i den tekniske rapport.
The guideline provides a short presentation of the impact categories described in detail in the technical report.
Vejledningen indeholder et almindeligt eksempel på, hvordan man anvender normaliseringsreferencer og vægtningsfaktorer for de omfattede påvirkningskategorier.
The guideline includes a common example on how to apply normalisation references and weighting factor for the included impact categories.
I tillæg til de præsenterede normaliseringsreferencer og vægtningsfaktorer giver vejledningen anbefalinger med hensyn til valg af påvirkningskategorier og valg af normaliseringsreferencer.
In addition to the presented normalisation reference and weighting factors, the guideline presents recommendations regarding choice of impact categories and choice of normalisation references.
Kapitel 4: Klimaforandring: Civilingeniør Leif Hoffmann
Chapter 4: Global warming: M.Sc (Chem. Eng) Leif Hoffmann
Kapitel 5: Stratosfærisk ozonnedbrydning: Civilingeniør Leif Hoffmann
Chapter 5: Ozone depletion: M.Sc (Chem. Eng) Leif Hoffmann
Kapitel 7: Forsuring: Civilingeniør Leif Hoffmann
Chapter 7: Acidification: M.Sc (Chem. Eng) Leif Hoffmann
Kapitel 9: Økotoksicitet: Ph.D. (økotoksikologi) Jens Tørsløv
Chapter 9: Ecotoxicity: Ph.D. (Ecotoxicology) Jens Tørsløv
Kapitel 11: Vægtning: Civilingeniør Niels Juul Busch
Chapter 11:Weighting: M.Sc (Eng) Niels Juul Busch
Ekspertisen blev givet af følgende danske forsknings- og konsulentvirksomheder, som skal fremhæves for deres bidrag til dette værk:
The expertise was provided by the following Danish research and consultancy institutions which are acknowledged for their contribution to this work:
Teknologisk Institut (næringssaltbelastning)
Danish Technological Institute (nutrient enrichment)
DHI - Institut for Vand & Miljø (økotoksicitet)
DHI - Water & Environment (ecotoxicity)
Dansk Toksikologi Center (human toksicitet)
Danish Toxicology Centre (human toxicity)
The present guidelines present an extension of the original EDIP methodology in the form of normalisation references and weighting factors for EU-15 and the world.
The present Guidelines present an extension of the original EDIP methodology in the form of normalization references and weighting factors for EU-15 and the world.
At the same time, the normalisation references and weighting factors for Denmark have been updated.
At the same time, the normalization references and weighting factors for Denmark have been updated.
For global impacts (climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion) always use the worldwide normalisation reference and weighting factor in the base case analyses
For global impacts (global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion) always use the worldwide normalisation reference and weighting factor in the base case analyses
Obviously, the more that is known about the product (system) investigated as regards the geographical extent of its potential impacts, the more precisely the normalisation step will mirror the relative importance of different impacts.
Obviously, the more is known about the product (system) investigated as regards the geographical extent of its potential impacts, the more precisely the normalisation step will mirror the relative importance of different impacts.
The suggested shift to the EU normalisation reference is justified by the better scope for many industrial products, combined with the fact that EU-normalisation references are of an acceptable quality.
The suggested shift to the EU normalisation reference is justified by the better scope for many industrial products, combined with the fact the EU-normalisation references are of an acceptable quality.
The improved possibilities for normalisation and weighting have not been utilised in practice.
The improved possibilities for normalisation and weighting have not been utilised in "real" LCA so far.
LCA-practitioners will most probably quickly find a way to use the possibilities, e.g. as part of the sensitivity analysis.
LCA-practitioners will most probably quickly find a way to use the possibilities, e.g. as a part of the sensitivity analysis.
Den nærværende vejledning præsenterer en opdatering og udvidelse af den oprindelige UMIP-metode i relation til normalisering og vægtning.
The present guidelines present an update and extension of the original EDIP methodology in relation to normalisation and weighting.
Desuden fokuserer vejledningen på valg af påvirkningskategorier og valg af normaliseringsreferencer.
Further, the guideline is focused on choice of impact categories and choice of normalisation reference.
Det skal også nævnes her, at en parallel metode er blevet udvikling i et andet underprojekt i det danske LCA-metode og Konsensusprojekt.
It is also mentioned here that a parallel methodology has been developed in another subproject in the Danish LCA methodology and Consensus project.
Denne metode kaldes UMIP 2000 og bruger sted-differentieret karakterisering og normalisering.
This methodology is termed EDIP 2000 and uses site-differentiated characterisation and normalisation.
1.1 Normalisering, vægtning og standardisering
1.1 Normalisation and weighting and standardisation
I den internationale standardiseringsorganisation, ISO, er der blevet udviklet og godkendt et antal standarder vedrørende LCA.
In the international standardisation organisation, ISO, a number of standards regarding LCA has been developed and approved.
En af disse standarder, ISO 14042, Vurdering af Miljøpåvirkninger i Livscyklus (Life Cycle Impact Assessment - LCIA) vedrører emnet normalisering (beregning af størrelsesordnen på kategoriindikatorernes resultater) og vægtning (bestemmelse og beregning af forskellige påvirkningskategorier og ressourceforbrug således at deres relative vigtighed afspejles).
One of these standards, ISO 14042, Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), deals with the subject of normalisation (calculating the magnitude of the category indicator results) and weighting (assignment and calculation of different impact categories and resources reflecting the relative importance).
Dette er baseret på værdivalg.
This is based on value choices.
Ifølge ISO 14042 inkluderer vurdering af miljøpåvirkninger i livscyklus adskillige trin fra kortlægning til fortolkning:
According to ISO 14042, life cycle impact assessment includes several steps from the inventory to the interpretation:
Klassificering, hvor påvirkningskategorierne bliver defineret og udvekslingerne relateret til forskellige påvirkningskategorier i henhold til deres evne til at bidrage til de definerede problemområder.
Life cycle inventory assignment of LCI-results ("classification"), where the impact categories are defined and the exchanges from the inventory are assigned to impact categories according to their ability to contribute to different problem areas.
I vurdering af miljøpåvirkninger i livscyklus er de to første trin: klassificering og karakterisering obligatoriske, mens normalisering og vægtning er valgfrie.
In Life Cycle Impact Assessment, the first three steps; assignment of inventory results to impact categories, the characterisation, and the classification are mandatory, while normalisation, grouping and weighting are optional elements.
1.1.1 UMIP i forhold til ISO
1.1.1 EDIP applied to ISO
UMIP i forhold til ISO tilbyder to identifikationsmåder af kategoriindikatorernes relative andel i forhold til referenceværdier (normalisering i ISO-terminologi).
EDIP offers two ways of identification of the relative proportion of category indicators to reference values (normalisation in ISO terminology).
Den ene identificerer den relative andel i forhold til nutidige værdier.
One is to identify the relative proportion to current values.
Den anden identificerer kategoriindikatorernes relative andel i forhold til fremtidige værdier.
The other is to identify the relative proportion of category indicators to future values.
I den oprindelige UMIP 1997 kaldes disse henholdsvis normalisering og vægtning.
In the original EDIP 1997 these ways are called normalisation and weighting, respectively.
For at undgå forvirring bruges terminologien fra UMIP 1997 også i denne opdatering.
In order to avoid confusion, the terminology from EDIP 1997 is used in this update as well.
Det anbefales dog at bruge ISO-formuleringen, når der skal præsenteres resultater fra LCA-arbejde.
However, it is recommended when presenting results from LCA work to use the ISO wording.
1.2 Konceptet for normalisering og vægtning i UMIP
1.2 The concept of normalisation and weighting in EDIP
Grundlæggende tager denne vejledning udgangspunkt i den tekniske rapport (Stranddorf et al, 2005).
Basically, the guideline takes off from the technical report (Stranddorf et al. 2005).
Denne inkluderer yderligere udvikling og udvidelse af normaliseringsreferencer sammenlignet med den originale UMIP97-metode, som forklaret i Wenzel et al. (1997) og Hauschild and Wenzel (1998).
This includes further development and extension of normalisation references compared to the original EDIP97 methodology as it is explained in Wenzel et al. (1997) and Hauschild and Wenzel (1998).
I UMIP er konceptet omkring personækvivalent sammen med normalisering udviklet.
In EDIP, along with the normalisation the concept of the person equivalent is developed.
Dette bruges også i vægtningsprocessen.
This is also used in the weighting process.
Koncepterne for normalisering, personækvivalent og vægtning er forklaret nedenfor.
The concepts of normalisation, person equivalent and weighting are explained below.