natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
• Gennemsnitligt indhold af mineralsk terpentin i produkterne: 25 %
• Average content of white spirit in the products: 25 %
Således kan det estimeres, at der årligt anvendes 4.690 kg mineralsk terpentin i stålplejeprodukter.
It was thus estimated that 4,690 kg white spirit are used in products for stainless steel care annually.
7.4 Beregning af predicted environmental concentration (PEC) og predicted no effect concentration (PNEC)
7.4 Calculation of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC)
Til estimering af den miljømæssige risiko ved udledning af petroleumsdestillater og mineralsk terpentin, sammenholdes den forventede miljømæssige koncentration (Predicted Environmental Concentration, PEC) med den koncentration af stoffet, ved hvilken, der ikke forventes effekter i vandmiljøet (Predicted No Effect Concentration, PNEC).
For the estimation of the environmental risk of discharge of petroleum distillates and white spirit, the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) was compared with the concentration of the substance, at which no effects are expected in the aquatic environment, the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC).
Koncentrationen af stofferne i afledningen fra renseanlæg (PECstp) beregnes ud fra forbrugsmængderne (M) af stoffet, fjernelsesgraden i renseanlæggene (ffjernelse) og årligt afledt spildevand i Danmark (Q):
The concentration of substances in the discharge from WWTPs (PECWWTP) was calculated on the basis of the amounts (M) of substance consumed, the degree of removal in the WWTPs (fremoval) and the annual amount of discharged waste water in Denmark (Q):
De beregnede PECstp-værdier fremgår af tabel 7.1
Table 7.1 shows the calculated PECWWTP values.
Beregnede PEC-værdier Stof
Calculated PEC values Substance
De højeste koncentrationer, der ikke forventes at medføre effekter i vandmiljøet, PNEC, beregnes ud fra data for stoffernes giftighed over for vandlevende organismer ved anvendelse af en ”vurderingsfaktor” (assessment factor), som beskrevet i EU's Technical Guidance Document /14/.
The highest concentrations not expected to cause effects in the aquatic environment, PNEC, are calculated on the basis of data of the toxicity of the substances towards aquatic organisms using an assessment factor as described in the EU Technical Guidance Document /14/.
De beregnede PNEC-værdier for de udvalgte stoffer fremgår af tabel 7.2, se også afsnit 6.4.3.
Table 7.2 gives the calculated PNEC values for the selected substances, see also subsection 6.4.3.
Beregnede PNEC-værdier Stof
Calculated PNEC values Substance
Laveste effektværdi (mg L-1)
Lowest effect value (mg L-1)
7.5 Beregning af risikokvotienter
7.5 Calculation of risk quotients
RQ beregnes som PEC/PNEC.
RQ is calculated as PEC/PNEC.
En risikokvotient > 1 angiver sandsynlighed for effekter i vandmiljøet.
A risk quotient > 1 indicates probability of effects in the aquatic environment.
Der regnes med en standard fortyndingsfaktor på 10 efter udledning af renset spildevand til vandmiljøet.
A dilution factor of 10 after discharge of treated waste water was assumed.
Således vil risikokvotienter mindre end 10 indikere, at der ikke vurderes at være risiko for uønskede effekter i vandmiljøet.
Risk quotients < 10 will thus indicate that there is not considered to be any risk of adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Af tabel 7.3 ses det, at risikokvotienten i afledningen fra renseanlæg for petroleumsdestillater ligger under 1, hvorfor dette stof ikke forventes at give anledning til effekter.
Table 7.3 shows that the risk quotient for petroleum distillates in the discharge from WWTPs is below 1 for which reason petroleum distillates are not expected to cause any effects.
For mineralsk terpentin ligger risikokvotienten over 10, hvorfor udledning af dette stof kan forventes at medføre en risiko for effekter i vandmiljøet.
For white spirit, the RQ is > 10 and discharge of this substance must be expected to cause a risk of effects in the aquatic environment.
For at vurdere effekten i vandmiljøet er der i det følgende udført simuleringer af fortyndingen og omsætningen af mineralsk terpentin i miljøet i et defineret eksponeringsscenarie.
In order to assess the effect in the aquatic environment, simulations were made of the dilution and the transformation of white spirit in the environment of a defined exposure scenario.
Til beregning af koncentrationen (PEC) af de udvalgte kemiske stoffer anvendes en skæbnemodel, der beskriver nedbrydningen (biologisk nedbrydning, hydrolyse, fotolyse), fordampningen og sedimentationen.
For the estimation of the concentration (PEC) of the selected chemical substances, a fate model describing degradation (biodegradation, hydrolysis, photolysis), evaporation and sedimentation was applied.
Samtlige processer er beskrevet ved et første ordens udtryk med hensyn til stofkoncentrationen.
All processes were specified as first order expressions with regard to the substance concentration.
Procesbeskrivelserne er lagt ind i en såkaldt skabelon i modelleringsværktøjet ECOLAB, som er udviklet på DHI.
The process specifications were entered into a template in the modelling tool ECOLAB developed by DHI.
Til beskrivelse af stoffernes transport knyttes skæbnemodellen til en hydraulisk model, som modellerer vandstrømninger i et defineret vandområde.
In order to describe the transport of the substances, the fate model was linked to a hydraulic model, which models water flows in a defined water body.
I dette eksempel er den todimensionale model MIKE 21 anvendt (koncentrationen i dybden er antaget at være ensartet fordelt).
In this example, the two-dimensional model MIKE 21 was applied (the vertical distribution was assumed to be uniformly distributed).
Lillebælt er endvidere her udvalgt som et repræsentativt eksponeringsscenario, der beskriver kystnære vandområder i Danmark.
Furthermore, the Little Belt was chosen as a representative exposure scenario describing coastal areas in Denmark.
Området, som modellen dækker, er på ca. 35 km  50 km.
The area covered by the model was approx. 35 km  50 km.
For at sikre at simuleringen når en form for ligevægt, er der anvendt en simuleringsperiode på 2 måneder.
In order to ensure that the simulation attained some kind of equilibrium, a simulation period of 2 months was applied.
De vejrbetingelser, som er observeret den første uge af april 2004, blev anvendt gentagne gange (ca. 10) i simuleringen.
The weather conditions observed in the first week of April 2004 were repeatedly applied (approx. 10 times) in the simulation.
Karakteristik af renseanlæg med udløb i Lillebælt Kolding Middelfart Fredericia Vejle Juelsminde
Characteristics of WWTPs discharging into the Little Belt Kolding Middelfart Fredericia Vejle Juelsminde
MBNDK MBNDK MBNDK MBNDK MBNDK * M: mekanisk; B: biologisk; N: nitrifikation; D: denitifikation; K: kemisk udfældning.
MBNDC MBNDC MBNDC MBNDC MBNDC * M: mechanical; B: biological; N: nitrification; D: denitrification; C: chemical precipitation
Placering af udløb fra renseanlæg, Lillebælt
Location of discharges from WWTPs into the Little Belt
Således beregnes PEC (Predicted Environmental Concentration) for de udvalgte kemiske stoffer ved at koble skæbnen af de kemiske stoffer i renseanlæg og i vandmiljøet med strømningsforholdene i Lillebælt.
PEC (Predicted Environmental Concentration) for the selected chemical substances was thus estimated by linking the fate of the chemical substances in WWTP and the aquatic environment with the flow behaviour of the Little Belt.
PECværdierne sammenholdes med stoffernes PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration), som er den højeste koncentration, ved hvilken der ikke forventes uønskede effekter i vandmiljøet, og der beregnes en risikokvotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC) for stofferne efter udledning til vandmiljøet.
The PEC values were related to the PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) of the substances, which is the highest concentration at which no adverse effects in the aquatic environment are expected, and a risk quotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC) was estimated for the substances after discharge into the aquatic environment.
I løbet af simuleringsperioden er der stor variation i koncentrationerne af de kemiske stoffer i vandmiljøet, som følge af den naturlige variation i strømforholdene.
During the simulation period, large variations in the concentrations of the chemical substances in the aquatic environment occur as a result of the natural variation in the flow behaviour.
Til vurdering af eventuelle akutte effekter er den maksimale koncentration af mineralsk terpentin gennem simuleringsperioden beregnet og sammenlignet med 10  PNEC, idet det generelt antages, at PNEC for akutte effekter er en faktor 10 højere end PNEC for kroniske effekter.
For the assessment of potential acute effects, the maximum concentration of white spirit throughout the simulation period was estimated and compared with 10  PNEC as it is generally assumed that PNEC for acute effects is a factor of 10 higher than PNEC for chronic effects.
Det område af Lillebælt, hvor der er risiko for akutte effekter, er fundet til at være væsentligt mindre end det område, hvor der er risiko for kroniske effekter.
The area of the Little Belt, in which there is a risk of acute effects, was found to be considerably smaller than the area, in which there is a risk of chronic effects.
I figur 7.2 ses de beregnede risikokvotienter (kroniske effekter), som er fundet som forholdet mellem det tidsvægtede gennemsnit af de beregnede koncentrationer og PNEC.
Figure 7.2 shows the estimated risk quotients (chronic effects) found as the ratio of the timeweighted average of the estimated concentration to PNEC.
Risikokvotienter for kroniske effekter af mineralsk terpentin i
Risk quotients for chronic effects of white spirit in the Little Belt.
I de resterende vandområder i Lillebælt-scenariet blev der ikke fundet risiko for uønskede effekter af mineralsk terpentin.
In the other areas of the Little Belt scenario, no risk of adverse effects from white spirit was found.
Den indre del af Vejle fjord er karakteriseret af en begrænset vandudskiftning sammenlignet med de andre spildevandsudledninger i Lillebælt.
The inner part of Vejle Bay is characterised by a limited water exchange compared with the other wastewater discharges into the Little Belt.
Det er således ikke overraskende, at der er størst sandsynlighed for effekter i netop dette område.
It was thus not surprising that the highest probability of effects occurred in exactly this area.
Beregningerne er udtryk for en worst-case situation med et højt estimeret forbrug af stålplejeprodukter.
The estimates express a worst-case situation with a high estimated consumption of stainless steel care products.
På baggrund af de simuleringer, der blev gennemført for Lillebælt, kan det således konkluderes, at udledningen af mineralsk terpentin kan medføre uønskede langtidseffekter i vandmiljøet i en begrænset nærzone omkring spildevandsudledninger, hvor området samtidig er karakteriseret af en begrænset vandudskiftning.
Based on the simulations made for the Little Belt, it can be concluded that the discharge of white spirit may cause adverse long-term effects in the aquatic environment in a limited near zone around waste-water discharges when, at the same time, the area is characterised by a limited water exchange.
Der blev ikke fundet risikokvotienter > 1 for akutte effekter i Lillebælt (data ikke vist).
No risk quotients > 1 were found for acute effects in the Little Belt (data not shown).
Ud fra de tilgængelige data om indholdsstofferne i produkter til rengøring af ovn, komfur og keramiske plader gives i det følgende en kort karakteristik af de enkelte produkttyper med fokus på produkternes indhold af kritiske stoffer.
Based on the available data on the constituents in products for cleaning of ovens, cookers and ceramic cooktops, short characteristics of the individual product types are given below focussing on their contents of critical substances.
Ovnrensemidler på spray kan indeholde høje koncentrationer af opløsningsmidlet N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon, som er lokalirriterende (Xi, R36/38), og er endvidere, som nævnt, foreslået klassificeret som reproduktionsskadeligt (T; R61: kan være skadeligt for barnet under graviditeten).
Spray oven cleaners may contain high concentrations of the solvent Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone, which is irritant (Xi, R36/38) and which, as mentioned, should be classified as reproduction toxic (T; R61 May cause harm to the unborn child).
Eksponeringsberegninger for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon har dog vist, at risikoen for effekter på sundhed og reproduktion vurderes at være minimal.
Exposure estimations for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone showed, however, that the risk of effects on health and reproduction is estimated to be minimal.
Det anbefales dog at undgå eksponering for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon under graviditet.
It is, however, recommended to avoid exposure to N-methyl-2pyrrolidone during pregnancy.
Ud fra de tilgængelige oplysninger vurderes ovnrensemidler på flydende form ikke at indeholde stoffer, der er skadelige for forbrugerens sundhed eller for miljøet.
Based on the available information, liquid oven cleaners are not considered to contain substances that are harmful to consumer health or the environment.
8.2 Produkter til glaskeramiske kogeplader
8.2 Products for ceramic cooktops
Enkelte af de indkøbte produkter til glaskeramiske kogeplader indeholder opløsningsmidlet petroleum, som kan være farligt for både sundhed og miljø.
A few of the purchased products for ceramic cooktops contained the solvent petroleum, which may be hazardous to both health and the environment.
Eksponeringsberegninger har vist, at den sundhedsmæssige risiko ved anvendelsen af produkterne vurderes at være begrænset.
Exposure estimations showed that the health risk from application of the products is estimated to be limited.
Udledningen af petroleumsdestillater til vandmiljøet som følge af brugen af produkterne vurderes ikke at give anledning til risiko for uønskede effekter.
The discharge of petroleum distillates into the aquatic environment as a result of the application of the products is not considered to cause any risk of adverse effects.
Tre ud af fire indkøbte stålplejemidler vurderes at indeholde en form for mineralsk terpentin, som er farligt for både sundhed og miljø.
Three of four purchased stainless steel care products are assessed to contain a form of white spirit, which is hazardous to both health and the environment.
Koncentrationen af dette stof i produkterne er ukendt, men vurderes på baggrund af informationer fundet i sikkerhedsdatablade for lignende produkter at ligge mellem 10 -  30 %.
The concentration of this substance in the products is unknown but, based on information found in safety data sheets for similar substances, it was estimated to be 10 -  30 %.
To af produkterne er klassificerede som sundhedsskadelige, hvorfor koncentrationen af mineralsk terpentin i disse produkter sandsynligvis overstiger 10 %, som er den nedre koncentrationsgrænse for klassificering for sundhedsfare.
As two of the products are classified as health hazardous, the concentration of white spirit in these products probably exceeds 10 %, which is the lower concentration limit for classification for health hazards.
Eksponeringsberegninger pegede på, at der kan være en sundhedsmæssig risiko forbundet med anvendelse af produkter, hvori der indgår en høj koncentration af mineralsk terpentin, hvis der ikke er tilstrækkelig ventilation.
Exposure calculations indicated that there may be a health risk in using products with a high content of white spirit if there is not adequate ventilation.
På baggrund af en simulering af koncentrationen af mineralsk terpentin i spildevand, der udledes til Lillebælt, vurderes dette at kunne medføre effekter i en begrænset nærzone omkring spildevandsudledninger i områder karakteriseret af begrænset vandudskiftning.
Based on a simulation of the concentration of white spirit in waste water discharged into the Little Belt, this substance is estimated to potentially cause effects in a limited near zone around waste-water discharges in areas characterised by a limited water exchange.
8.4 Produkter til rengøring af kogeplader og mikrobølgeovne Disse produkter vurderes ikke at indeholde stoffer i koncentrationer, som er skadelige for forbrugerens sundhed eller miljøet.
8.4 Products for cleaning of cooktops and microwave ovens These products are not estimated to contain substances in concentrations harmful to consumer health or the environment.
9.1 Hovedkonklusioner fra kortlægningen
9.1 Main conclusions from the survey
Resultatet af kortlægningen har givet en oversigt over hvilke kemiske stoffer, der typisk indgår i produkterne.
The result of the survey gave an overview of the chemical substances that typically form part of the products.
Rengøringsmidler til ovn, komfur og keramiske plader indeholder typisk stoffer som tensider (nonioniske og anioniske tensider, fedtsyresæber), opløsningsmidler, surhedsregulerende midler (syrer, baser), slibe/polermidler, konserveringsmidler, silikoneforbindelser, fortykkelsesmidler og parfume.
Cleaners for oven, cooker and ceramic cooktops typically contain substances as surfactants (non-ionic and anionic surfactants, fatty acid soaps), solvents, acidity regulating agents (acids, bases), abrasives/polishers, preservatives, silicone compounds, thickening agents and fragrance.
Sammensætningen varierer alt efter produktets anvendelsesområde og form.
The compositions vary according to the application area and form.
Kendskabet til den specifikke sammensætning af produkterne er stadig noget begrænset, da det i flere tilfælde ikke har været muligt at indhente detaljerede oplysninger om produkternes kemi.
The knowledge of the specific composition of the products is still rather limited; in several cases it has not been possible to obtain detailed information on the chemistry of the products.
Den gennemførte kortlægning har vist, at enkelte af de kortlagte produkter indeholder farlige stoffer i høje koncentrationer.
The result of the accomplished survey showed that a few of the examined products contained hazardous substances at high concentrations.
De væsentligste konklusioner om produkternes miljø- og sundhedsmæssige egenskaber er som følger:
The most essential conclusions regarding the health and environmental properties of the products are as follows:
• Ovnrensemidler på sprayform indeholder ofte høje koncentrationer af organiske opløsningsmidler.
• Oven spray cleaners generally contain high concentrations of organic solvents.
Opløsningsmidler kan være skadelige ved indånding.
Solvents may be harmful if inhaled.
• To ud af fire stålplejeprodukter vurderes at indeholde organiske opløsningsmidler (mineralsk terpentin) i koncentrationer, der kan være skadelige for sundheden og for miljøet.
• Two of four stainless steel care products are assessed to contain organic solvents (white spirit) in concentrations that may be harmful to health and the environment.
Eksponeringsberegninger pegede på, at der kan være en sundhedsmæssig risiko forbundet med anvendelse af produkter, hvori der indgår en høj koncentration af mineralsk terpentin, hvis der ikke er tilstrækkelig ventilation.
Exposure calculations have indicated that the application of products containing high concentrations of white spirit may involve a health risk, if there is not adequate ventilation.
Dog synes det unødvendigt at udsætte sig for produkter med høje koncentrationer af N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon og petroleumsdestillater som følge af deres iboende sundhedsmæssige egenskaber.
It seems, however, unnecessary to expose oneself to products with high concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and petroleum distillates as a consequence of their inherent health properties.
En simulering af koncentrationen af mineralsk terpentin i vandmiljøet har vist, at der kan være risiko for uønskede effekter i en begrænset nærzone omkring spildevandsudledninger i områder, der er karakteriseret af en lav vandgennemstrømning.
A simulation of the concentration of white spirit in the aquatic environment showed that there may be a risk of adverse effects in a limited immediate zone around wastewater discharges in areas characterised by a limited water exchange.
De øvrige stoffer, der er identificeret i produkterne, vurderes ikke at adskille sig markant fra andre typer af rengøringsmidler.
The other substances identified in the products were not considered to differ markedly from those in other types of cleaning agents.
for at være allergifremkaldende, og mange konserveringsmidler er meget giftige for organismer, der lever i vand.
Several preservatives and fragrances are known allergenics, and many preservatives are very toxic to aquatic organisms.
9.2 Anbefalinger til forbrugerne om rengøring af ovn, komfur og keramiske kogeplader
9.2 Recommendations to consumers on cleaning of ovens, cookers and ceramic cooktops
Generelt anbefales det at reducere både antallet og forbruget af rengøringsmidler og andre kemiske produkter i husholdningen og at vælge miljømærkede rengøringsmidler i det omfang, det er muligt.
Generally, it is recommended to reduce the quantity as well as the consumption of cleaning agents and other chemical products in the household and to choose ecolabelled cleaning products when possible.
Der findes dog ikke miljømærkede produkter til rengøring af ovn, komfur og keramiske plader, idet der endnu ikke er udviklet miljømærkekriterier for disse produkttyper.
However, no ecolabelled products for cleaning of ovens, cookers and ceramic cooktops exist, as criteria for ecolabelling have not yet been developed for these product types.
Ved at begrænse det samlede forbrug af rengøringsmidler reduceres forbrugerens og miljøets eksponering for kemikalier.
By limiting the total consumption of cleaning agents, the exposure of consumers and the environment to chemicals is reduced.
Visse af produkterne indeholder stoffer, der kan belaste sundheden eller miljøet.
Some of the products contain substances that may have an impact on health or the environment.
Produkterne er gennemgående dyrere end almindelige rengøringsmidler, hvorfor der også er en besparelse at hente ved at vælge almindelige rengøringsmidler som f.eks. håndopvaskemiddel eller brun sæbe.
The products are generally more expensive than common cleaning products, and so there will be savings to gain by selecting common cleaning products as e.g. hand dishwashing agent or soft soap.
Hvis spild tørres op med det samme vil dette ofte være tilstrækkeligt.
It will often be sufficient to wipe up spillage immediately.
Såfremt der anvendes specialprodukter til rengøring af ovnen, bør man undgå produkter, der er mærkede som miljø- eller sundhedsfarlige, samt at anvende handsker for at undgå hudkontakt med eventuelle ætsende/irriterende stoffer.
If special products are used for cleaning of the oven, avoid products labelled as harmful to health or the environment, and use gloves to avoid skin contact with possibly corrosive/irritating substances.
/6/ Europa-parlamentets og rådets forordning (EF) Nr. 648/2004 af 31. marts 2004 om vaske- og rengøringsmidler.
/6/ Regulation (EC) No. 648/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on detergents.
/7/ Kommissionens henstilling af 13. september 1989 om mærkning af vaske- og rengøringsmidler (89/542/EØF).
/7/ Commission Recommendation of 13 September 1989 for the labelling of detergents and cleaning products (89/542/EEC).
Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for existing substances and Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for existing substances and Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market.
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB).
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland.
N-Methyl2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
N-Methyl2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (in Swedish).