natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Derefter er der foretaget en kvantitativ analyse af udvalgte stoffer samt vurdering af sundhedseffekter ved de afgivne stoffer og sundhedsrisikoen ved daglig brug af tandbørster.
Subsequently, a quantitative analysis of selected substances was carried out together with an assessment of health effects at the released substances and the health risk at daily use of toothbrushes.
Disse oplysninger er fremskaffet ad fire veje:
This information has been procured from four sources:
· Søgning via Internettet · Indkøb af tandbørster i dagligvare- og specialbutikker · Ved kontakt til leverandører og producenter, hvis identitet fremgik af em
· Search via the Internet · Purchase of toothbrushes in groceries and specialist shops · Through contact to suppliers and producers, whose identity appeared
ballagen · Ved kontakt til et udvalg af relevante foreninger og organisationer
from the packaging · Through contact to a range of relevant shops and organisations
Der er indkøbt i alt 26 tandbørstetyper fra fire forskellige forhandlere og fra 10 forskellige producenter.
In total, 26 toothbrush types have been purchased from four different dealers and from 10 different producers.
Der er i projektets fase 2 foretaget screening vha. FT-IR på alle 26 indkøbte tandbørstetyper, for identifikation af antioxidanter, polymertyper, phthalater og i nogen udstrækning uorganiske farvestoffer.
In Phase 2 of the project a screening by means of FT-IR has been carried out on all 26 purchased toothbrush types for identification of antioxidants, polymer types, phthalates and - to some extent - inorganic colouring substances.
Denne analyse er udført på et skrab af tandbørstens hårde del, dels for at få et mål for, hvilke stoffer der kan afgives, når tænderne slider på tandbørstens hårde del, og dels for at frembringe oplysninger om, hvilke stoffer tandbørsterne indeholder generelt.
This analysis has been carried out on a scrape from the hard part of the toothbrush, partly in order to identify which substances can be released, when the teeth wear the hard part of the toothbrush, and partly in order to get information about the substances being contained in the toothbrushes, in general.
Derefter er der analyseret og identificeret antioxidanter og organiske farvestoffer vha. GC-MS på 10 hele tandbørster udvalgt på baggrund af FT-IR analyserne samt resultaterne af fase 1.
Subsequently, antioxidants and organic colouring substances have been analysed and identified by means of GC-MS on 10 toothbrushes selected on the basis of the FT-IR analyses and the results from Phase 1.
Der er opsat en analysemetode til vurdering af afgivelse af stoffer fra tandbørsten til kunstigt spyt fremstillet efter Amtliche Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren nach § 35 LMBG nr 82.10 1, spytopskriften er baseret på DIN std, nr. 53 160.
An analysis method has been drawn up in order to evaluate the release of substances from the toothbrush to artificial saliva produced according to Amtliche Sammlung von Untersuchungsverfahren nach § 35 LMBG No. 82.10 1, the saliva recipe has been copied from DIN std, no. 53 160.
For at få en fuldstændig identifikation af de mulige uorganiske pigmenter bestemmes gløderesten efterfulgt af en ICP-MS-screening på denne på de 10 udvalgte tandbørstetyper.
In order to get a complete identification of the possible inorganic pigments the calcined residue is determined followed by an ICP-MS-screening of 10 selected toothbrush types.
I fase 3 er der foretaget screening af eventuelle sundhedsskadelige effekter fra stoffer, som blev fundet afgivet fra tandbørster ved de kvalitative analyser.
In Phase 3 a screening for possible harmful effects from substances, which are migrated/released from toothbrushes at the qualitative analyses has been carried out.
Screeningens formål er at give et første indtryk af, om der umiddelbart er sundhedsskadelige stoffer til stede, og dernæst at medvirke ved udvælgelsen af de tandbørster, der går videre til en kvantitativ analyse af de på basis af screeningen udvalgte kemiske stoffer.
The purpose of the screening is to give a first impression whether harmful substances are present, in the next place to contribute to the selection of the toothbrushes to be passed on to a quantitative analysis of the chemical substances selected on the basis of the screening.
Vurderingen af eventuelle sundhedseffekter er foretaget ud fra klassificering af de kemiske stoffer.
The evaluation of possible health effects has been made from classification of the chemical substances.
Hvis stofferne ikke er eller har været klassificeret, er der anvendt data fra håndbogslitteratur eller netsøgning.
If the substances are not or have not been classified, data from handbook-literature or Internet search have been used.
Den væsentligste anvendte dokumentation i screeningsfasen er: Listen over farlige Stoffer (Miljøministeriet 2002), Listen over uønskede stoffer (Miljøstyrelsen 2000) og WHO (IPCS).
The most essential documentation used in the screening phase is: The List of Dangerous Substances (Miljøministeriet 2002), The list of undesirable substances (Miljøministeriet 2000) and WHO (IPCS).
Til sidst er anvendt netsøgninger på stofnavn og/eller CAS numre.
Finally, Internet search for substance names and/or CAS numbers has been used.
I fase 4 er der foretaget kvantificering, vha. GC-MS og ICP-MS, af stoffer, som migrerede fra tandbørster, der er udvalgt på baggrund af fase 2 og 3.
In Phase 4 quantification has been carried out by means of GC-MS and ICPMS of substances, which migrated from toothbrushes selected on the basis of Phase 2 and 3.
Herudover er der foretaget en vurdering af sundhedsrisikoen ved daglig brug af tandbørster.
In addition to this, an evaluation of the health risk at daily use of toothbrushes has been made.
Denne vurdering, som omfatter 13 udvalgte stoffer, er baseret på mængden af de pågældende stoffer, eksponeringens varighed og deres effekter.
This evaluation, which comprises 13 selected substances, is based on the amount of the relevant substances, the duration of the exposure and their effects.
Internettet er i forbindelse med dette projekt anvendt dels til at få et overblik over tandbørstemarkedet, og dels som grundlag for videre kontakt til relevante firmaer.
In connection with this project the Internet has been used partly to form a general view of the toothbrush market and partly to form the basis of further contact to relevant companies.
Analyseinstituttet A Celsen AIM, ScanTrack oplyser, at markedet for tandbørster i 2002 fordelte sig som følger:
The opinion-research institute ACNielsen AIM, ScanTrack informs that the market for toothbrushes in 2002 was distributed as follows:
Tandbørster forhandles primært i dagligvarehandelen (COOP Danmark A/S og Dansk Supermarked Gruppen (DSG)).
Toothbrushes are primarily sold in groceries (Coop Danmark and Dansk Supermarked Gruppen (DSG)).
En mindre mængde forhandles gennem Matas og andre specialvarebutikker.
A smaller amount is sold through Matas and other specialist shops.
Der tegner sig et lignende billede for markedet for el-tandbørster.
The picture appears to be similar regarding the market for electrical toothbrushes.
Etikpolitikken beskriver de etiske retningslinjer, der gælder for COOP Danmark og tilknyttede virksomheder”.
The ethics policy describes the ethical directions, which apply to Coop Danmark and affiliated companies”.
Dette betyder, at COOP Danmark ikke alene stiller etiske krav til deres egne produkter og medarbejdere, men også til deres samarbejdspartnere om, at de lever op til COOP Danmark's etiske målsætninger.
This means that not only does Coop Danmark make ethical demands on their own products and employees, they also make demands to their suppliers to live up to the ethical objectives of Coop Danmark.
Med hensyn til materialevalg og valg af emballager har COOP Danmark ikke noget skriftligt materiale, men udvælger deres produkter i overensstemmelse med gældende lovgivning.
With regard to choice of materials and choice of packaging Coop Danmark is not in possession of any written material, but they choose their products in accordance with existing legislation.
De oplyser, at der eksisterer en intern politik om ikke at have varer og emballage indeholdende PVC.
They inform that they have an internal policy not to use products and packaging containing PVC.
Der er kun få undtagelser fra denne regel, og disse undtagelser gælder ikke tandbørster.
There are only a few exceptions to this rule, and these exceptions do not concern toothbrushes.
DSG har ikke en skriftlig formuleret miljø- eller etik-politik, men handler ud fra devisen ”sund fornuft”.
DSG does not have a written drawn up environment- or ethics policy, but act according to the motto “common sense”.
Det betyder, at de følger de videnskabeligt veldokumenterede retningslinier, der eksisterer dags dato.
This means that they follow the scientifically well-documented directions, which exist today.
Dette muliggør, at de kan disponere deres indkøb af forskellige produkter efter tidens gældende retningslinier, og at disse retningslinier samt varesortimentet er fleksible.
This makes it possible for them to make their purchases of various products according to the present directions, and it makes these directions and the product line flexible.
DSG har en intern politik angående materialer og emballage, for tandbørster sætter de bl.
DSG has an internal policy regarding materials and packaging.
DSG's egne tandbørster gennemgår tests, der er designet til at tage højde for ovenstående krav, og til tandbørster, der er indkøbt, stilles samme krav.
DSG's own toothbrushes are subject to tests, which are designed to take into account the above-mentioned demands, and the purchased toothbrushes are subject to the same demands.
De forskellige producenter af tandbørster har en varierende mængde af informationer på deres hjemmesider.
The various toothbrush producers have a varying amount of information on their homepages.
En af de mest omfattende er Oral-B, der ud over almindelig information angående deres sortiment også opgiver en række kliniske undersøgelser af deres tandbørster.
One of the most extensive is Oral-B, who - besides general information regarding their assortment - also states a range of clinical examinations of their toothbrushes.
Der findes både sammenligningstests og kliniske tests, men kun få oplysninger om indholdsstoffer i deres tandbørster.
There are comparative tests and clinical tests, but only little information on constituents in their toothbrushes.
Der findes kun en producent, der på deres hjemmeside oplyser om indholdsstoffer i deres tandbørste, MAM.
There is only one producer, whose homepage gives information about constituents in their toothbrush, MAM.
Ved henvendelse til producenterne tilvejebringes følgende oplysninger angående indholdsstoffer i udvalgte tandbørstetyper angivet i tabel 2.1.
At our request the producers gave the following information about constituents in selected toothbrush types stated in Table 2.1.
PP skaft med termoplastisk elastomer.
PP handle with thermoplastic elastomer.
SAN skaft, polyamid børster.
SAN handle, polyamide bristles.
Opfylder DVN's krav til styrke og børsters fastgørelse
Fulfils DVN's demands for strength and fixation of bristles
PP skaft med Maxithen blue transp. farve og termoplastisk elastomer, Polyamid børster, polyoxymethylen sikkerhedsring.
PP handle with Maxithen blue transp. colour and thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide bristles, polyoxymethylene safety ring.
PET baseret farve
PET based colour
PP: Polypropylen, SAN: Styren - Acryl - Nitril.
PP: Polypropylene, SAN: Styrene - Acryl - Nitril.
Generelt oplyses der, at alle anvendte farvestoffer er på listen over farvestoffer godkendt til levnedsmiddelbrug, og at der ikke er anvendt PVC med phthalater i hverken produktet eller i emballagen.
Generally, it is stated that all the used colouring agents are on the list of colouring agents approved for use in food, and that PVC with phthalates has not been used neither in the product nor in the packaging.
Colgate oplyser endvidere, at der ikke er tungmetaller i de anvendte farvestoffer.
Colgate also informs that there are no heavy metals in the used colouring agents.
Producenterne oplyser, at de på tandbørsteområdet ikke er tilsluttet en brancheforening.
The producers inform that in the field of toothbrushes they are not affiliated to a trade organisation.
Udskiftning af tandbørsten
Renewal of the toothbrush
Det har ved kontakt til Tandlægehøjskolen og div. Tandlægeforeninger ikke været muligt at fremskaffe videnskabelig dokumentation for udskiftning af tandbørsten med et bestemt tidsinterval.
Contacting the School of Dentistry and various dentist associations has not lead to procurement of any scientific documentation regarding renewal of the toothbrush at a certain time interval.
Tandlæger oplyser, at dette vil være individuelt afhængig af flere parametre såsom tandstilling, alder, børstetid o.lign.
Dentists inform that this is individually dependent on various parameters such as tooth position, age, time of brushing etc.
Der henvises på Oral-B's hjemmeside til en sammenlignelighedstest fra USA mellem en ny tandbørste og den samme type tandbørste brugt på normal vis i tre måneder.
At Oral-B's homepage there is a reference to a comparative test from USA between a new toothbrush and same type of toothbrush used in a normal way for three months.
Af denne undersøgelse fremgår det dels, at udskiftning af tandbørster i USA sker efter 2,5 til 6 måneder, dels at der ikke kunne påvises en statistisk signifikant forskel i de to tandbørsters evne til at fjerne plak.
This investigation partly shows that renewal of toothbrushes in USA is made after 2.5 to 6 months, partly that no statistically significant difference could be demonstrated regarding the ability of the two toothbrushes to remove plaque.
Nogle praktiserende tandlæger har oplevet et problem med tandbørster, der knækker i skaftet under brug.
Some practising dentists have experienced a problem with toothbrushes, which break the handle while being used.
Dansk Tandlæge Forening oplyser, at der tidligere har været et problem med tandbørster fra en producent, men at det drejede sig om et parti, der blev kaldt tilbage.
According to the Danish Dental Association there has previously been a problem with toothbrushes from one producer, but it was one batch, which was subsequently recalled.
Det har ikke været muligt at fremskaffe materiale angående tidligere undersøgelser omhandlende kemiske stoffer i tandbørster.
It has not been possible to procure material regarding previous examinations concerning chemical substances in toothbrushes.
Ingen af de adspurgte producenter eller organisationer har kendskab til lignende undersøgelser, ligesom søgning via nettet heller ikke gav noget resultat.
None of the respondent producers or organisations is acquainted with similar examinations, just as search via the Internet was unsuccessful.
Et af de stoffer, der kunne være problematisk, og som måske forekommer i blødgjort PVC eller trykfarve i nogle tandbørster, er phthalater.
One of the chemical substances, which might be problematic, and which might be found in soft PVC or printing inks in some toothbrushes, is phthalates.
Miljø- og Energiministeriet har udsendt bekendtgørelse nr. 151 af 15. marts 1999 om forbud mod phthalater i legetøj til børn i alderen 0-3 år samt i visse småbørnsartikler m.v. på grund af mistanke om stoffernes sundhedseffekter.
The Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy has issued Statutory Order no. 151 of 15 March 1999 banning phthalates in toys for children at the age of 0-3 years and in some articles for small children due to the suspicion health effects of the substances.
Miljøstyrelsen har i den forbindelse udarbejdet en oversigt over produkter, der ikke må indeholde phthalater.
In this connection the Danish EPA has worked out a list of products which must not contain phthalates.
Under punktet tandkrus og tandbørster, der henvender sig til små børn, står der ”disse vil som udgangspunkt være omfattet af forbuddet mod phthalater, da børn under 3 år må formodes at sutte på disse genstande”.
Under the point tooth-mug and toothbrushes for small children is stated “As a starting point these will be affected by the prohibition against phthalates, as children under 3 years might be expected to suck at these objects”.
Det er i dag forbudt at fremstille, importere og sælge legetøj og småbørnsartikler til børn i alderen 0-3 år, hvis produkterne indeholder mere end 0,05 vægtprocent phthalater.
Today, it is forbidden to produce, import or sell toys and articles for small children to children at the age 0-3 years, if the products contain more than 0.05 weight% phthalates.
Prøvematerialet er med skalpel udskåret fra børster, fra kanten af skaftet og fra evt. blødt materiale på skaftet.
The specimens have been cut out from brushes by means of a scalpel, from the edge of the handle and from soft material on the handle, if any.
Ved termoplastiske materialer har prøvepræpareringen bestået i varmpresning af ca. 2 til 5 mg materiale til film med en tykkelse på 10 til 20 µm.
In the case of thermoplastic materials the sample preparation has consisted of hot-pressing of approx. 2 to 5 mg of material for film with a thickness of 10 to 20 µm.
Denne er analyseret ved gennemlys.
This has been analysed by screening.
Ved ikke termoplastiske materialer, i dette tilfælde materialer fra tryk, har prøvepræpareringen bestået i afskrabning over et repræsentativt areal, formaling med kaliumbromid og sluttelig presning af en tablet, hvorpå analysen er foretaget.
In the case of non-thermoplastic materials, in this case materials from printing, the sample preparation has consisted in abrasion of a representative area, grinding with potassium bromide and finally pressing of a tablet, on which the analysis has been done.
Der anvendes en prøvemængde på ca. 1 mg.
A sample amount of approx. 1 mg is used.
Ved analyserne er der ud over selve materialeanalysen set efter phthalater og større mængder additiver, fx antioxidanter.
In addition to the actual material analyses, we have looked for phthalates and larger amounts of additives, e.g. antioxidants.
Ved iblanding af phthalater i plast- og polymermaterialer er det oftest for at opnå en blødgørende effekt, og derfor er mængderne normalt relativt store, 5 til 30 vægt%.
Mixing phthalates into plastic and polymer materials is usually done in order to achieve a softening effect, and consequently the amounts are normally relatively large, 5 to 30 weight%.
Sådanne mængder kan ved de anvendte præparationsmetoder normalt let bestemmes, da detektionsgrænsen vurderes at være under 1%.
At the used preparation methods such amounts are normally easy to observe, as the detection limit is estimated to be below 1%.
I forbindelse med antioxidanter, der er tilsat i langt mindre mængder end blødgørende komponenter, vil det kun være i de tilfælde, hvor der er tilsat over ca. 0,1 vægt%, og at antioxidanten, eller andre additiver, har kraftige absorptionsbånd uden for absorptionerne fra polymeren, at de vil kunne erkendes i analysen.
In connection with antioxidants, which are added in far smaller amounts than softening components, only in the cases where over approx. 0.1 weight% is added and that the antioxidants or other additives have strong absorption bands outside the absorptions from the polymer, it will be detectable.
På alle de indkøbte tandbørster er der foretaget FT-IR analyse af alle materialetyper på de enkelte tandbørster.
All types of material found on each purchased toothbrush have been analysed by FT-IR.
Dette betyder, at der ved tandbørster med flere farver og type børster er foretaget analyse på alle varianter.
This means that in case of toothbrushes with more colours and brush types, analyses have been made on all variants.
Det samme gælder ved skaftmaterialerne og evt. tryk på skafter.
The same procedure was used at the handle materials and possible prints of the handles.
3.1.2 Resultater af FT-IR screeningen.
3.1.2 Results from the FT-IR screening
Resultater er angivet i tabel 3.1 og i bilag B.
Results are shown in Table 3.1 and in Encl. B.
Tabel 3.1 Resultater af FT-IR screeningen
Table 3.1 Results from the FT-IR screening
N-001 Grå børster: polyamid Sorte børster: polyamid
N-001 Grey bristles: polyamide Black bristles: polyamide
N-002 Hvide børster: polyamid Grønne børster: polyamid
N-002 White bristles: polyamide Green bristles: polyamide
Lilla skaft: polypropylen Gul del: Acryl baseret elastomer
Purple handle: polypropylene Yellow part: Acrylic-based elastomer
Tryk: Akrylbaseret binder
Print: acrylic-based binder
N-003 Hvide børster: polyamid Lilla børster: polyamid
N-003 White bristles: polyamide Purple bristles: polyamide
Gråt skaft: polypropylen homopolymer Lilla dele:Styren ethylen elastomer med stort kridt indhold.
Grey handle: polypropylene homopolymer Purple parts: styrene ethylene elastomer with a high content of chalk
M-001 Klare børster: polyamid Lyseblå børster: polyamid
M-001 Clear bristles: polyamide Light blue bristles: polyamide
Gult skaft: polypropylen copolymer Blåt og grønt indlæg: "SBS" elastomer med højt kridt indhold
Yellow handle: polypropylene copolymer Blue and green insert: "SBS" elastomer with a high content of chalk
M-003 Blå børster: polyamid Lyserøde børster: poly
M-003 Blue bristles: polyamide Pink bristles: polyamide
Lyst skaft med glimmer: Polypropylen Lilla del: Styren ethylen elastomer med stort kridt indhold.
Light handle with mica: polypropylene Purple part: styrene ethylene elastomer with a high content of chalk
M-005 Hvide børster: polyamid Blå børster: polyamid
M-005 White bristles: polyamide Blue bristles: polyamide
Blåt hus: polyester, (PBT)
Blue house: polyester
Blåt skaft: polypropylen copolymer Gult indlæg: "SBS" elastomer med højt kridt indhold
Blue handle: polypropylene copolymer Yellow insert: "SBS" elastomer with a high content of chalk
M-008 Hvide børster: polyamid
M-008 White bristles: polyamide
Grå børster: polyamid
Grey bristles: polyamide
Sorte børster: polyamid
Black bristles: polyamide
Rødt skaft: Polypropylen modificeret med isopren (gummi).
Red handle: polypropylene modified with isoprene (rubber)
Tryk: Kan være akryl baseret binder
Print: might be acrylicbased binder
K-001 Hvide børster: polyamid Skaft: polypropylen homopolymer
K-001 White bristles: polyamide Handle: polypropylene homopolymer
Tryk: Formodentligt polyesterbaseret binder
Print: presumably polyester-based binder
K-002 Hvide børster: polyamid
K-002 White bristles: polyamide
Pink børster: polyamid
Pink bristles: polyamide
Blå børster: polyamid
Blue bristles: polyamide
Blåt skaft: polypropylen copolymer Pink dele: "SBS" elastomer med højt kridt indhold
Blue handle: polypropylene copolymer Pink parts: "SBS" elastomer with a high content of chalk.
Sikkerheds ring: polyoxymethylen, POM
Safety ring: polyoxymethylene, POM
K-003 Hvide børster: polyamid Grønne børster: polyamid
K-003 White bristles: polyamide Green bristles: polyamide
Grønt skaft: Polypropylen Klar del: Styren acrylonitril, SAN
Green handle: polypropylene Clear part: styrene acrylonitrile, SAN
K-004 Klare børster: polyamid Grønne børster: polyamid
K-004 White bristles: polyamide Green bristles: polyamide
B-003 Hvide børster: polyamid Orange børster: polyamid
B-003 White bristles: polyamide Orange bristles: polyamide
Gult skaft: polypropylen med ukendt tilsætning
Yellow handle: polypropylene with unknown additives
Orange del: Ethylen-propylen-styren elastomer
Orange part: ethylene-propylene-styrene elastomer
Tryk: Polyester baseret binder
Print: polyester- based binder
B-004 Hvide børster: polyamid Sorte børster: polyamid
B-004 White bristles: polyamide Black bristles: polyamide
Denne kan indeholde phthalat
Print: polyester-based binder
B-006 Hvide børster: polyamid Gule børster: polyamid
B-006 White bristles: polyamide Yellow bristles: polyamide
Grønt hus: Polyoxymethylen, POM Ingen tryk
Handle parts: polyoxymethylene, POMNo print
B-007 Pink børster: polyamid Mørkeblåt skaft: Polypropylen copolymer
B-007 Pink bristles: polyamide Dark blue handle: polypropylene copolymer
Pink del: Styren ethylen elastomer med stort kridt indhold.
Pink part: styrene ethylene elastomer with a high content of chalk
B-008 Hvide børster: polyamid
B-008 White bristles: polyamide
SBS/polypropylen elastomer
SBS/polypropylene elastomer