natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
př eba pozorně sledovat situaci voblasti studie ESP evalence vNizozemsku a V u d
Of these, 17%— definedas ‘current ecstasy users’ — admitted using ecstasy ‘a fewtimes a week’, and 22%did so weekly.
s Pro sr provedeného vrrave party v
Data regarding the frequency of ecstasy useand quantities consumed are limited, but available
kg406445InsideCS 16/11/04 15:38 Page 37 ogy polovina (58%) z těchto respondentů 17
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(32jde o tr srychlé lékařské služby. Ve Španělsku byl v r ogy pro identifikaci
Chapter 4: Amphetaminetype stimulants, LSD and other synthetic drugs
I přes r počtu provedené vrpouze v0,4řidičů.
Deaths related to ecstasy rare idiosyncratic reactions to the drug.
konzumentů, zjistila velice značné r10 eferpopulace (Gore, 1999; Schifano a kol., 2003).
Such unpredictablereactions are difficult to prevent and the interventionoptions, other than providing medical assistance, aretherefore limited.
Úmrtí související sextází k
Interventions in recreational settings
Těmto nepřmožnost intervence vyjma lékařské pomoci jsou omezené.
The term ‘ecstasyrelated death’ needsto be more clearly defined.
Vuvedena vtoxikologického rozboru (často vkombinaci sogami).
At present, it could mean thatthe substance was mentioned on the death certificate or thatit was found in the toxicological analysis (often incombination with opiates, alcohol, cocaine or other drugs).
(43) jsou obsah
Member States (43), contents, guidelines and services offered have been established for some time.
oti 16 roce vŘecku a dva v Amsterdamu, zsjednotné. ZV551998.
The United Kingdom reported 55 deaths involving ecstasy in 2001,upfrom 16 in 1998.
Ze studie provedené v ogramu pr o č např. vnebrat drogy“ realizované v og
The focus is generally on security issues,first aid, drug surveillance and prevention of emergenciesand of violence.
V uživatele v ogou v17% kol., 2003).
A recent Dutch–German–Austrian study (Benschop et al.,
)Vvjsou uvedeny vok 2003 (str.34–36).)Viz obr.
For methodological details, see the Reitox nationalreport 2003 (pp. 34–36).
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To léčbu sotidrogové prevence, odborsvazy zaměstnanců v dr52% klientů vČeské republice, 35,3% ve Finsku a 29%Toč vyhledali problematice og
Methamphetamine production in Europe is on amuch smaller scale: over the period 2000–01, only 2%ofclandestine methamphetamine laboratories dismantledworldwide were in Europe — mainly in the Czech Republic,Russia and Slovakia.
47), znichž přibližně jednu
Averagepurity at retail level is reported to be 40%.
České rmezi uživateli „pervitinu“(tř aprobsluhy jsou školeni vtom, jak rozpoznat rizikové situacea pr e ogové
In the Czech Republic, the greatest demand fortreatment comes from users of ‘pervitin’ (47), of whomapproximately one third are teenagers (under 20 yearsold), with over half of teenage users being female.
V ojekt pr pr esech“ zaměřil na pr
In 2002, amphetamine laboratories wereuncovered in Poland and the Netherlands, and some also in
Zadržené drogy a informace o trhu () otidr a stř prostř
Germany, Estonia, France and Lithuania (49) (Reitox national reports, 2003; CND, 2004).
Podle Úřadu OSN pro drogy a kriminalitu (UNODC,oba AT k dr a
However, theannual global production of ATS is estimated at about520tonnes (UNODC, 2003b).
P objem produkce AT
At EU level, the
) pr hlediska vyrobeného T S e ch
The upon trends in countries from which data are available,
(48 ogovém trhu, str. 30.
30).Although not included in this list, several illicit amphetamine laboratories were exposed in the United Kingdom in recent years. In addition, a clandestine
kg406445InsideCS 16/11/04 15:38 Page 39 ogy těmto zjištěna v e – v Estonsku, roce 2002 došlo.
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V roce 2002, szdůvodu nedostatku prspotřr ikdyž vroce 2002 bylo z Belgie, Estonska a Velkéogy.
In 2002, average amphetamine prices at user level variedfrom EUR 11 per gram in Hungary and Estonia to
V em odukce amfetaminu soustředěna vEvropě. Vroce 2002 byly laboratořobu amfetaminuodhaleny v P aVEv r vNěmecku, Estonsku, Francii a Litvě(492003; CND, 2004).
After a decline in 1997, the number of ecstasy seizures (at EU level has increased rapidly since then.
Zdramfetaminu zadrženého vE U vroce 2002 Nizozemsko a Polsko a ve též Belgie, Estonsko a Litva.
In 2002, they increasedagain in most of the countries reporting data.
Nizozemskuopy bylo vletechekurzorů proovedeno vNizozemsku a 21% v Belgii,
A notable exception is Portugal, where averagepurity in 2002 was less than 1%.
V tomto subregionu bylo zadrženo 86%zroce2002 vopa se na přičemž 75bylo vNizozemsku, 14% v Belgii, 6% ve Va4% v(a/nebo ATS) byla v ovněž z Estonska, Španělska, Lotyšska, Litvy, Maďarska, Polskaa Norska (UNODC, 2003a).
However, very recently (DrugScope, 2004), the price of ecstasy tablets has been reported to beas low as EUR 1.5 in some places in the United Kingdom.Over the last five years, ecstasy tablets becameprogressively cheaper in most EU countries.
Vroce 2002 bylo a Stř
In 2002, thistrend continued in all countries except Estonia, where theprice of a tablet increased slightly.
Během ztoho 18 vNizozemsku (55), tři ve V
In 2002, 54 ecstasy laboratories were detectedworldwide, including 18 in the Netherlands (55), three in the United Kingdom and one each in France and Estonia (CND,2004).
(50 ovni EU vyvrcholil zadrženo ve Vrend v
Worldwide LSDseizures fell by 73%between 2000 and 2001.
( hlavně z Belgie a Nizozemska, i když vněkolika oku
Data on numbers of ecstasy seizures in 2002 were not available for Belgium,
ovni sevroce 2002 pohybovala od 10% (v Německu) po 52% opa se na celkovémobjemu zadrženém vr%a20% (CND, 2004). Běhemtrvale
Hungary, the Netherlands and Poland; data on both the number of ecstasy seizures and quantities of ecstasy seized in 2002 were not available for Italy,Cyprus, Malta, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
)Ačkoli nejsou vtomto seznamu uvedeny, bylo v obu obu amfetaminu v Lucembursku.
See Markets_Tbl 9 in the 2004 statistical bulletin.See Markets_Tbl 10 in the 2004 statistical bulletin.See Markets_Tbl 14 in the 2004 statistical bulletin.
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62 ovni EU vpočtu) zadržené drogy –
) and the quantities (62
Po poklesu vrnapozor
) seized have — except for a plateau in 2000 — steadily decreased.
(61) i vobjemu( roce 2002 sroce 2000 – ktrvalému poklesu.Vroce 2002 zaplatili uživatelé vvprůměru od 5 EUR ve V
EUR 5 in the United Kingdom to over EUR20 in Italy (63
Mezinárodní postup proti nezákonnému obchodusesyntetickými drogami zV o 1997 až 2000 k2001. Vr
It is becoming increasingly apparent that there are linksbetween the networks that smuggle drugs and those thatsmuggle precursors.
Europolem vypracovala vprosinci r
Early-warning system information
V ovni Unie a a v pr
Drugs monitored by EWS
V ovni ojektům oti Evropě (CASE), kde se kombinuje roce 2002 tento for tr ed pěti lety se obsah amfetaminu
Furthermore, the Europol ecstasy logo system (EELS)produces an annual logo catalogue, which is disseminatedglobally to relevant law enforcement agencies.
Ve srv ortrovni EU kogy a kde jsou zločinnéorganizace činné voblasti produkce a obchoduogami, a kojekt roce 2002 opolu CASE.
Interpol has initiated a project focusing on the organisedcrime groups that produce and market synthetic drugs.
V projektu nazvaném Por opolu pro o by
The Sydrug project draws together and links operational data,
V e (EILCS), se porfotografické a technické informace zog vcelé Evr
Furthermore, a number ofsubstances on which the EMCDDA has obtained informationwere monitored — among them a group of tryptamines (5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DiPT, AMT, 5-MeO-AMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine) and piperazines (BZP and TFMPP) (67).
Nové syntetické drogy podléhající kontrole v rámci SpoleÏné akce a př
Furthermore, recipes for the synthesis of almostall new and ‘old’ synthetic drugs are widely available onthe Internet.
Europolu a Evropské agentury pr včasného var ogami než opském drogovém trhu.
Between 1998 and 2002, five new synthetic drugs haveundergone risk assessment in the framework of the jointaction (MBDB, 4-MTA, GHB, ketamine and PMMA).
V roce 2003 bylo v
27November 2003, the Council adopted the decision (2
(2) uvalit na tyto čtyři sloučeniny v r EU kontr oku 1998 předmětem A , PMMA, GHB a ketamin otože r pr byla monitorinformace – mezi nimi skupina tryptaminů (5-MeO-DMT, 5-MeO-DIPT, A-MT, 5-MeO-AMT a 5-MeO-tryptamin) apiperazinů (BZP a TFMPP)(67).
Of the phenethylamines that were risk-assessed in 2003,2C-I, which is often sold as tablets carrying the ‘i’ logo,seems to be gaining in popularity — a number of smallseizures were reported from Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom and the drug was detected in France,Spain and the Netherlands.
Pokud jde o drogy ztryptaminové skupiny, došlo květšině iniciativy zaměřené prpotř obě AT oj pr pr ovni kontr
In 2003, both Spain and the United Kingdom reported thatpolice seized small amounts of MBDB.
Informace o Systému vÏasného varování ostř
Itseems that all three substances — MBDB, 4-MTA and PMMA — are no longer popular among users of syntheticdrugs.
), společně se Systémem vinternetu (hlavně společnostmi vprpř
Estonia reported a significant increase in theavailability of GHB.
66), vyhodnocovat jejich rizika včasného varnové syntetické drogy(a og.
The Netherlands and Belgiumreported receiving a small number of GHB samples inpowder form.
L 167, 25.6.1997)roku 1971
Many tryptamine compounds are not
Úmluvy a které definuje nové syntetické drogy jako: syntetické drogy, které nejsou vsoučasnosti uvedeny vopsychotrozbu pro veřodukty a nikoli na prekurzory.
Norway and Sweden reported notable increases in theseizures of precursor chemicals for GHB — GBL (gamma-
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Z fenethylaminů, které byly vroce 2003 hodnocenyzhlediska rizik, zřje často pr o vyšetř estné vZ činnosti (BKA) r ebu GHB (70
Amsterdam did not change from 2001 to 2002, i.e. justover 60 cases each year.
71 ) v Amsterdamu podle plošné studie Antenna Amsterdam(provedené vr z Finska, Švédska a Vdr endy jsou touto drogou nadšeni méně než rokejmě zastavilo“.
Ketamine many uses in various industrial processes and are thereforewidely available (both are rapidly converted to GHB onceingested).
VRakousku ganismus samaekurzorem 2C-I, 2C-C a 2C-B) přbylo v a obě 2C-I.
In Norway and Sweden, GHB precursors arereported to be more readily available on the illegal marketin 2003 than in previous years.
225dosahuje hodnoty 12,6% (Benschop a kol., 2002).
Questions relating to the use of GHB are increasinglyincluded in drug surveys conducted in recreational nightlifeand dance club settings.
Vprůběhu rvzor Belgii, Švédsku a Norskua ve vzor a Španělsku (v Barceloně) a v Nizozemsku.
(2002) found a lifetimeprevalence rate of ketamine use of 11.7%among theirsample of 225 young people attending raves in Vienna.
Posouvislosti s GHB se v Amsterdamu vroce 2002 oproti roku 2001 nezměnilaes 60očně.
Anobstacle to the prevention of further spread of ketamine isthat it is licensed as a veterinary medicine and thereforeseems to be readily available through diversion oflegitimate production.
r vzor rz Belgie, Řecka, Španělska, Francie, Finska, Švédska,V(2002) u vzorku 225
In Austria, inthe context of a pilltesting study, it was found that lifetimeprevalence of GHB use among a sample of 225 youngpeople attending raves in Vienna was 12.6%(Benschop etal., 2002).
Belgie, Francie ekurzory probu GHB– GBL (gama-butyrolakton) a BD (1,4-butandiol)(69) – aod Eur oto všeobecně snadno dostupné (obě
During 2003, GHB was detected in human samples in Belgium, Sweden and Norway and in samples taken fromintoxicated subjects and hospital emergency patients in Spain (Barcelona) and the Netherlands.
VNorsku a Švédsku byly prekurzory pro GHB na omamfetamin).
The number of GHB-related requests for emergency assistance in
Úvod a v u kouř pr průzkumů pr době v Nizozemsko a V ogy koncentruje v pohybuje vr anedostatečně podchycovat trv evalence% až 13evalenceoce dosahuje ve Španělsku%.
Forinstance, recent surveys from five countries (Denmark,Germany, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom)have found that, among 15- to 24-year-old males, reportedlifetime experience is between 5%and 13%, while recentuse rates in Spain and the United Kingdom can be as highas 5–7%.
Je pravděpodobné, že a V v vEvropě by se mohlo obecně r ogy.
It is likely that in urban areas levels of use aresubstantially higher.
Prevalence užívání kokainu r
Prevalence of cocaine use
PrŠzkumy celkové populace ovedeného vroce 2002
Among malesaged 18–25 years, lifetime prevalence of cocaine use in the United States in 2002 was 18.1%and recent useprevalence was 8.4%.
% až 6% dospělé
According to recent national population surveys, between0.5%and 6%of the adult population admit to having triedcocaine at least once (i.e. lifetime prevalence), with Spainand the United Kingdom being at the upper end of thisrange.
(tj.uvedeného r
Among young adults (15–34 years), lifetime prevalenceranges from 1%to 10%.
Evroce uvedlo 2,5% respondentů, v
Generally, recent prevalence ratesare approximately half those for lifetime use, with Spainand the United Kingdom reporting figures over 4%.
18–25 let byla v USA vr% a pr prhodnoty jsou zřu roce byla 8,4%.
Among the general population, cocaine use either isdiscontinued after a period of experimentation duringyoung adulthood or is occasional, occurring mainly atweekends and in recreational settings (bars and discos).
endů, prevalence pohybuje vr% až 10%. Celkově jeproprevalenci, přičemž Španělsko a Ve%.
and possibly, to a lesser extent, in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (Figure 9).
a muže ve městech.
Other countries, in their
Upozorňujeme, že věkové rprůzkumuo průzkumy v EU (15–64 let).
Note that the age range in the US survey (12 years andover) is wider than the age range reported by the EMCDDA for EU surveys (15–64).
Je pravděpodobné, že pokud by
It is likely that if US data were reported for the age range 15–64 years, asin the EU, the figures would be higher.
73), přičemž v e existuje tento n voce(trend zřejmě i va Španělsku (obr.
Figure 9:Prevalence of cocaine use (past year) among youngadults in some EU countries as measured by population surveys
Údaje jsou převzaty zd ogy, nejčastěji na kovové uvedeny vok 2004.EMCDDA označuje jako „mladé dospělé“ osoby ve věku 15–34 let ( vNěmecku od 18 let, ve Franciivr.1992: 25–34 let a vr.
Figures andmethodology for each survey can be consulted in GPSurvey_Tbl 4 in the2004 statistical bulletin.For young adults, the EMCDDA uses the range 15–34 years (Denmark andthe UK from 16; Germany from 18; France 1992: 25–34 and 1995: 18–39).Sample sizes (respondents) for the 15–34 years group for each country andyear are presented in GPSurvey_Tbl 4 in the 2004 statistical bulletin.For Denmark, 1994’s figure corresponds to ‘hard drugs’.Sources:Reitox national reports 2003, taken from survey reports or scientific articles.
1995:18–39 let).Velikost vzorků (počet respondentů) věkové skupiny 15–34 letv
See individual sources in epidemiological tables on population surveys in the 2004 statistical bulletin.
V fólii nad otevřkokainu vcigaretě nebo jointu.
In general, among young recreational users, cocaineconsumption is light and continued use is very rare.
ok 2004.ok 1994 představuje uživatele „tvrog.“ok 2003; (Reitox
Consumptionroom studies show that use of smokeable cocaine isparticularly high among female sex workers attending theseservices (Stöver, 2001; Zurhold et al., 2001).
Prameny: national rz o dr průzkumům obyvatelstva (epidemiological tables onok 2004.
Routes of administration recent Reitox national reports (2001–03), have reportedincreases based on local or qualitative information (Greece,Ireland, Italy and Austria).
Podle britského ministerstva vnitra došlo vavroce 2000 oproti roku 1998. V oti roku 2000 nedošlo k evalence Tbl 1.
There arealso reports of cocaine being smoked in a cigarette or joint.
kg406445InsideCS 16/11/04 15:38 Page 46 ok 2004: stav drogové problematiky v Evropské unii a v Norsku městě vprůběhu celého roku, vytvořit ucelenou představudůvodu reakce na drogy(obr.10).
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Úmrtí zpŠsobená kokainem
Cocaine deaths
Metodické podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v tox za rok vzorku nemocnic v2003 (str. 34–36).
In Spain, hospital emergencies due to acute reactions to psychoactive substances have, for several years, been monitored in a sample of hospitals across the country over a period of one week per year. ‘Mentions’ of substances are recorded.
o kteroiintervence o vystaveni projevům a problémům uživatelů kokainu (Nealea Robertson, 2004).
Colombia) or via Central America and the Caribbean.However, in 2002, some of the cocaine trafficked in Europepassed through Brazil (and from there to Portugal) or the United States (and thence to Italy).
zaměřoblémové uživatele kokainu rněkteré iniciativy zaměř VNizozemsku byly př ovozu aprodukce kokainu vroce 2002 činil 800 tun, na nichž se%, Peru z20%8%.Většina kokainu zachyceného v Evr z Kolumbie) nebo přes Stř Ameriku a karibskou oblast. Avšak vrkokainu pr Evropě cestovala př(aodtud do P
In the Netherlands, a website for cocaine abusers has recentlybeen launched, and in the United Kingdom services wereexpanded in spring 2003 by the development of newagencies, along with new guidance and improved training.In Austria, treatment services are working on adaptingservices to the needs of problem cocaine users.
V e 2003 r eny služby e též Francie
Other cocaine service implications
Další souvislosti skokainem
Within Europe, most cocaine seizures occur inwestern States.
Pokud jderoce 2002 se s oobchodovalo v V opě.opa na zachyceném13,5% (CND, 2004).
In 2001 and 2002 (79), it accounted for more than half of the EU total of both number of seizures andquantities seized.
Pozorkontro aplikacidrsazarodeje cracku jeprou agresivity mezi klienty a prodejci(Stöver, 2001).
An increase in crack cocaine dealing has beenassociated with a higher level of aggression between clientsand dealers (Stöver, 2001).
Vletech 2001 a 2002 (79 kouř a droblémy.
Over the same five-year period, quantities of cocaine seized (81) fluctuated but with an upward trend.
(80 odle trendů dozor end v o aplikaci droogy („chill-out rooms“)e („day-shelters“), kam se uživatelé pozorzřejmě bude tento rpotvrzen i pro rok 2002.
Responses include specifically developed informationmaterials about risks and safer use, supervised consumptionrooms, ‘chill-out rooms’ and ‘day-shelters’ where users canretreat and calm down, but also outpatient treatment(Stöver, 2001).
a ogovém trhu, str.
Production and trafficking
30. ok 2002, jakmile budou k
In relation to this, it should benoted that since early 2002 the Netherlands has takenradical measures to reduce the increasing flow of cocainecouriers travelling from the Caribbean to Schiphol Airport,and as a result the number of arrested cocaine couriers hasdecreased dramatically.
(78 (79 roce 2002 nejsouroce 2002 nejsou kdispozici prkdispozici pro Irsko, Kypr, Maďarsko, Maltu, Polsko, Slovensko a V
Italy, the Netherlands and Slovenia; data on both number of cocaine seizures and quantities of cocaine seized in 2002 were not available for Ireland, Cyprus,Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
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Bylo zadrženo téměř 29 tun této drogy.
Annual report 2004: the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway
81), nicméně sr o roce 2001 kokainu proměnlivé(rekordošlo vroce 2002 k roce 1999 zaměř zadrženého vE U (82
In 2002, WCO and Interpol launched a joint initiative,Operation Andes, to enable national customs and policeauthorities to exchange and analyse information that wouldhelp to identify illegal consignments of precursor chemicals in Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Argentina and Peru (WCO, 2003).
) – hlavně kvůli poklesu objemuortugalsku) ve srrokem
International action against cocaine trafficking
2001, ačkoli z obě kokainu). Během roku 2003 se podařiloo obu drogy.
Cocaine trafficking continues to be controlled largely by Colombian criminals.
Vtéto souvislostioku 2002 přijalo karibské oblasti
Between 1997and 2002, the average purity of cocaine decreased in mostof the EU countries reporting time trend data.
Problémové užívání drog og
Problem drug use
Vzhledemproblémům sdrogami v ukazatelů prkvnichž pr oměny, existuje
In view of thepotential vulnerability to drug problems of countries insocial and economic transition, there is an urgent need todevelop surveillance capacity in the new Member States.
Pr og lze rozdělit do několika ovést historického hlediska na pr odhadů), čili max. do 1% dospělé populace(85).Prog disproporněkteré zeměpisné oblasti, napřa na některé specifické skupiny, zejména mladé muže,což vede ktomu, že pr ortugalska000 obyvatel ve a V přprog přkonzumenti amfetaminu.
A general distinction can be made betweenheroin use, which historically has accounted for mostproblem drug use in the majority of EU countries, andproblem use of stimulants, which predominates in Finlandand Sweden, where the majority of problem drug users areprimary amphetamine users.
Podobně vČeské republicetradičně uživatelé metamfetaminu přog.
Similarly, in the Czech Republic, methamphetamine users have traditionally formeda significant proportion of problem drug users.
Nizozemsko, Polsko a Finsko (méně než1000 obyvatel ve věku 15–64 let; viz obr.11).
Increasingly, problem drug use appears to be becomingmore diverse, and the EMCDDA is currently reviewing if the European operational definition needs to be refined in thelight of the changing drug phenomenon.
Prediversifikuje a EMCDDA vsoučasnosti zjišťuje, zda jenutné evrk espektive 5,3 na aaž stř1000obyvatel ve věku 15–64 let.
Estimates of the prevalence of problem drug use rangebetween 2 and 10 cases per 1000 of the population aged15–64 (based on midpoints of estimates), or up to 1%ofthe adult population (85).
Obr.11: Odhady četnosti pr og (četnost na 1000 osob ve věku 15–64 let)
Figure 11:Estimated rate of problem drug use (rate per 1 000 aged 15–64)
0 Německo 2000 T M
0 CzechRepublic2003TM
oto je při por eba opatrnosti.
For more details see Prevalence_Tbl3and Tbl4 in the 2004 statistical bulletin.
Podr uvedena ve ici problémovéhohad, ve kterém og podle EMCDDA (EMCDDA definition of pr
The Swedish estimate has been adjusted to fit the EMCDDA definition of problem drug use.
Nitrožilní aplikování drog esun k ogy nitreakce, a proto je nutné posuzovat druhů drpřevažovaly problémy sdrepr oblémy skokainemendy problémů pr og.
Drug injectors are at very high risk of experiencing adverseconsequences, and it is therefore important to considerdrug injection separately, as a core category of problemdrug use.
og, jež by zahrnovaly i pr na populaci pr ochloridu kokainu – crackuog, přestožeog v
problem opiate users are declining and an increase isobserved in cocaine-related drug problems, although,reliable time trends of problem drug use that includeproblematic cocaine use are not available.
metod, zemlidské imunodeficience (HIV) nebo virem hepatitidy typu C(HCV). Ioblémy og vE U se nitr nitr oto by se ke srrezervou.
Estimates of injecting drug use are made using indirect(technically, multiplier) methods from mortality data or dataon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.
1000 obyvatel ve věku 15–64 let, což představujezhruba 1,2–2,1 milionu p rog vE U po rnichž asi 850 000 až 1,3 milionuyto odhady všakzdaleka nejsou spolehlivé a bude nutné je upravit, ažbude k rve věku 15–64 let (obr.12).
The weighted-average rate of problem drug use in the EU is probably between four and seven cases per1000 population aged 15–64, which works out as1.2–2.1million problem drug users in the EU afterenlargement, of whom some 850000 to 1.3 million areactive injectors.
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