natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Testovènó se bｸ™nｸ u™óvè ve Spojen̅ch stè-tech k dokazovènó pﾖómï diskriminace v zamｸstnènó, bydlenó a pﾖóstupu ke slu™bèm.
The notion of the shift of the burden of proof made its way into EU law through ECJ case-law handed down in connection with equal pay cases ̌ where a woman could show difference in gender and difference in pay, and the court needed the employer to provide an explanation.
V Belgii je testovènó zèkonem uznèno jako dヮkaznó materièl.
The most frequently cited case in this regard is Enderby v. Frenchay Health Authority and the Secretary of State for Health, C-127/92.
Zvukovï a obrazovï zèznamy se dajó jako dヮkaznó materièl vyu™ót v nｸkter̅ch zemóch - napﾖ. v Pes-kï republice - ale v jin̅ch ne.
There followed Council directive 97/80/EC on the burden of proof in cases of discrimination based on sex.
Ve Velkï Britènii umo™ﾏuje dotaznókovè metoda odmótnut̅m ucha-zeｲヮm o zamｸstnènó zóskat od zamｸstnavatele okam™itou odpovｸｵ ohlednｸ dヮvodヮ jejich odmót-nutó.
The shift of the burden of proof has been closely linked to the importance of delivering effective judicial protection against acts of discrimination.
Soudy ve Velkï Britènii mohou z poskytnut̅ch dotaznókov̅ch odpovｸdó nebo z pozdnó nebo nulovï zamｸstnavatelovy reakce dedukovat diskriminaci.
The shift of the burden of proof which the directives allow is, however, not automatic.
Rasovè smｸrnice (2000/43/ES) i rèmcovè smｸrnice o zamｸstnanosti (2000/78/ES) ve sv̅ch pream-bulóch v̅slovnｸ zmiﾏujó, ™e v pﾖópadech nepﾖómï diskriminace mohou b̅t vyu™ity statistickï ÿdaje.
The onus of proof does not shift as soon as a plain-tiff simply claims that they were discriminated against but only after they establish facts from which it may be presumed that discrimination has occurred. What these facts might be is depend-ent on domestic legislation and case-law.
Pokud stèt, kter̅ je ｲlenem EU, neprovedl plnou (a sprèvnou) transpozici smｸrnice (viz charakte-ristiky smｸrnice v̅þe) do vnitrostètnóho prèva do doby uplynutó implementaｲnó lhヮty, jednotlivec se mヮ™e i pﾖesto pﾖed vnitrostètnómi soudy odvolèvat na ustanovenó smｸrnic.
The directives refer to discrimination `on grounds of' racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, dis-ability, sexual orientation and age.
Klóｲovï pojmy þkolenó existujócó vnitrostètnó pﾖedpisy vyklèdaly pokud mo™no v souladu se smｸrnicó, kterè mｸla b̅t implementovèna.
Thus, a plaintiff who does not profess himself in court as belonging to the Roma minority, can at the same time claim that he was discriminated on the ground of his perceived ethnic origin.
Koneｲnï rozhodnutó o tom, kterï ｲèsti antidiskriminaｲnóch smｸrnic budou mót bezprostﾖednó a kterï nepﾖóm̅ ÿｲinek, nèle™ó ESD.
This approach is likely to be particularly important in sexual orientation cases, since victims will not need to prove that they have a particular sexual orientation but merely to establish facts to show that they have suffered less favourable treatment or harassment on grounds of their perceived sexual orientation or their association with people of a particular sexual orientation.
Pokud stèt neimplementuje smｸrnici v danï lhヮtｸ, je odpovｸdn̅ za þkody, kterï to zpヮsobó jed-notlivcヮm.
There are many procedural instruments that can assist victims of discrimination to establish that discrimination may have occurred.
Naz̅vè se to ¶nèhrada þkod Francovichƒ, proto™e tato zèsada byla poprvï stanovena ve vｸci Francovich a Bonifaci proti Itèlii (spojenï pﾖópady C-6/90 a C-9/90), o nich™ ESD rozhodl v roce 1991.
Such instruments include testing, the use of statistics, video and audio recordings and the so-called questionnaire procedure.
Ve vｸci Francovich stanovil ESD tﾖi nutnï a dostaｲujócó podmónky pro to, aby vznikla odpovｸdnost podle tïto zèsady.
Testing is commonly used in the United States to prove direct discrimination in employment, housing and access to services.
Jsou to: s Z pﾖedpisu, kter̅ byl poruþen, by mｸlo vypl̅vat pﾖiznènó prèv jednotlivcヮm; s Obsah takov̅ch prèv musó b̅t zjistiteln̅ na zèkladｸ ustanovenó danï smｸrnice; a s Mezi poruþenóm povinnosti stètu a ztrètou nebo þkodami, kterï utrpｸl poþkozen̅, musó b̅t pﾖóｲinn̅ vztah.
In Belgium testing is a piece of evidence acknowledged by law. NGOs in central and eastern Europe also use testers ̌ job seekers for instance ̌ who are selected to stand a comparison in all their characteristics, expect for the one (most often race) on the basis of which discrimination occurs.
Teｵ je zﾖejmï, ™e kromｸ absolutnóho neprovèdｸnó smｸrnice lze toto opatﾖenó uplatnit u veþker̅ch poru-þenó prèva EU ｲlensk̅m stètem, vｲetnｸ nesprèvnïho provèdｸnó smｸrnice.
Both the race directive (2000/43/EC) and the employment framework directive (2000/78/EC) in their preambles expressly mention that statistics may be used in cases of indirect discrimination.
Text tｸchto dvou smｸrnic a pﾖópadnｸ shrnutó (viz ｲèst vnitrostètnó situace).
However it is generally held that the principle of direct effect applies only to complaints directed against a public body or `emanation of the State'.
Plènovanï v̅stupy þkolenó s àｲastnóci se seznèmó s ÿlohami, kterï by NGO mohly a mｸly hrèt pﾖi potórènó diskriminace.
† For the participants to have explored the roles NGOs can and should play in combating dis-crimination.
Napﾖóklad dokument Rady Evropy ¶Zèkladnó principy postavenó NGO v Evropｸ• - w w w . c o e . i n t / T / E / N G O / p u b l i c / P r i n c F o n d a m % 2 0 e n % 2 0 e n g l . p d f
A NGO is a local, national, or international group, with a legally established constitution, a clear purpose and visible activities with a governing body which has the authority to speak for its mem-bers.
Tento text existuje v anglickï, francouzskï, albènskï, bulharskï, litevskï, lotyþskï, ruskï a srbskï verzi.
It is normally a non-profit-making organisation, not affiliated with any government or private sector entity, or any political party.
s Mヮ™e b̅t NGO napojena na politickou stranu, nebo musó dヮslednｸ udr™ovat odstup od stranic-kï politiky?
When considering what role they can play in combating discrimination, NGOs should take full advantage of the special roles that have been given to them under Articles 7 and 12 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC, and Articles 9 and 14 of Council Directive 2000/78/EC.
s Mè-li NGO ÿzkï vazby na politickou stranu, co se stane, kdy™ se tato strana dostane do vlèdy?
In order for a country to achieve its goals of peace, democracy, good governance, health, prosper-ity and equality, NGOs are essential to successful development.
s Jak mohou zdroje financovènó NGO ovlivnit ｲi ohrozit jejó nezèvislost?
† providing a means for expressing and actively addressing the needs of people who are dis-criminated against;
s Mｸli by o koncepci a strategii NGO rozhodovat ｲlenovï nebo ﾖódócó orgèn?
† supporting victims of discrimination in their access to justice;
NGO je móstnó, celostètnó nebo mezinèrodnó skupina s prèvnｸ zakotvenou strukturou, jasn̅m cólem a viditeln̅mi aktivitami s ﾖódócóm orgènem, kter̅ mè pravomoc hovoﾖit za jejó ｲleny.
† work, where appropriate, in partnership with governments to achieve common aims and objectives;
Je to obvykle neziskovè organizace, nepﾖidru™enè k ™èdnïmu stètnómu nebo soukromïmu subjektu, ani politickï stranｸ.
† work, where appropriate, against governments when those governments are promoting poli-cies which are contrary to the NGO's objectives;
Jejómi cóli je obvykle prosazovat blahobyt prostﾖednictvóm ﾖeþenó socièlnóch a prèvnóch problïmヮ a ÿsiló spolupracovat na bèzi rovnosti s ostatnómi demokratick̅mi institucemi pﾖi rozvoji a pokroku obｲanskï spoleｲnosti.
† deliver services efficiently and effectively within the framework of government policies, where appropriate, and to adopt, where appropriate strategies consulted and negotiated between NGOs and government;
Pﾖi formulovènó svï mo™nï ÿlohy pﾖi potórènó diskriminace by NGO mｸly plnｸ vyu™ót zvlèþtnóch ÿloh, kterï jim pﾖipisujó ｲl.
† ensure the coordination of its own services and to engage government in discussions on the coordination of services between the government and NGOs;
7 a 12 smｸrnice Rady 2000/43/ES, a ｲl. 9 a 14 smｸrnice Rady 2000/78/ES.
† provide properly professionally researched advice to governments on issues of concern;
NGO jsou nepostradatelnï pro ÿspｸþn̅ rozvoj zemｸ, mè-li naplnit svï cóle móru, demokracie, dobrï sprèvy, zdravó, prosperity a rovnosti.
† advocate and campaign for change as a response to need;
àkolem NGO jak nèstrojヮ obｲanskï spoleｲnosti v boji diskriminaci mヮ™e b̅t: s Zajiþﾝovat prostﾖedky k vyjadﾖovènó a aktivnómu naplﾏovènó potﾖeb diskriminovan̅ch lidó s Podporovat obｸti diskriminace a jejich pﾖóstup ke spravedlnosti s Prosazovat rozmanitost a rovnost ve spoleｲnosti s Zavèdｸt mechanismy, kterï mohou ovlivﾏovat rozhodovènó s Zavèdｸt nediskriminaci a rovnï zachèzenó do politick̅ch postupヮ s Vyz̅vat ÿﾖady a firmy, aby vystupovaly proti diskriminaci s Monitorovat, dokumentovat a odsuzovat diskriminaci s Udr™ovat rovnost na politickïm programu a aktivizovat spoleｲnost
† guide and contribute significantly to legislative and policy-making processes, by providing properly researched advice and by briefing politicians in both government and opposition and other persons of influence;
NGO mヮ™e s spolupracovat s jin̅mi NGO pﾖi plnｸnó spoleｲn̅ch cólヮ; s motivovat skupiny, aby se podólely na kampanóch, aby se samy brènily, prosazovaly a vynuco-valy svè prèva; s pracovat, je-li to vhodnï, v partnerstvó se stètem na dosahovènó spoleｲn̅ch cólヮ;
† be vigilant `watchdogs' ̌ pointing out where governments and corporations are actively dis-criminating, or failing in their obligations to combat discrimination or where they need to improve their performance, and serving to enforce the operation of checks and balances that characterise democratic society.
Pﾖi plnｸnó tïto ÿlohy musó NGO informovat, lobbovat a vyjednèvat se stètem a podnikatelsk̅m sektorem, pokud je to tﾖeba; s napadat vhodnｸ vybran̅mi zpヮsoby zèkony, opomenutó, administrativnó postupy nebo kon-cepce, kterï odporujó cólヮm NGO; s sledovat v̅voj a zajistit vyu™óvènó vþech nov̅ch nèstrojヮ k potórènó diskriminace, napﾖ. nov̅ch prèvnóch pﾖedpisヮ (vnitrostètnóch, evropsk̅ch i mezinèrodnóch), nov̅ch politick̅ch strategió (vnitrostètnóch, evropsk̅ch a mezinèrodnóch), nov̅ch zdrojヮ financovènó a zèsadnóch soudnóch rozhodnutó (na vnitrostètnó, evropskï a mezinèrodnó ÿrovni); s b̅t otevﾖenè, transparentnó a odpovｸdnè vヮｲi vlastnómu ｲlenstvu i veﾖejnosti; s zv̅þit vèhu podólu NGO na obｲanskï spoleｲnosti vytvèﾖenóm sótó a koalic a prosazovènóm origi-nèlnóch iniciativ a ﾖeþenó.
† keep track of and ensure that advantage is taken of all new developments in combating dis-crimination, for example, new legislation (national, EU and international), new policies (nation-al, EU and international), new sources of funding, and landmark judicial decisions (at both national, EU and international level);
To mヮ™e napomoci omezovènó pﾖedsudkヮ ve spoleｲnosti, a posólit tak rovnost; s otevﾖenｸ pracovat v duchu spoluprèce s jin̅mi NGO, pracujócómi v pﾖóbuzn̅ch oblastech a vyh̅bat se konfliktヮm a sporヮm mezi NGO; s vyvójet tlak na stèt, aby ratifikoval mezinèrodnó nèstroje, kterï umo™ﾏujó zamｸﾖenó mezinèrodnó pozornosti na vlèdnó postupy; s podèvat stètnóm i mezinèrodnóm orgènヮm zèsadnó a spolehlivï informace, ze kter̅ch by mｸly ｲerpat pﾖi posuzovènó situace zemｸ ohlednｸ diskriminace.
In summary, the role of many NGOs can be to check, monitor and criticise the actions of govern-ments and private bodies, to supplement and complement the role of government in combating discrimination and to assist individuals and groups to assert their rights.
Jak konkrïtnｸ mヮ™e NGO potórat diskriminaci?
What does a NGO need to fulfil its role?
Dalþó podrobnosti o jednotliv̅ch oblastech budou probrèny v nèsledujócóch ｲèstech.
† appropriate national legislation in place regarding its establishment and functioning.
Co NGO potﾖebuje k plnｸnó svï ÿlohy?
Why are NGOs better placed than other organisations to work towards combating discrimination?
s Lidskï zdroje s Dovednosti s Znalosti s Odbornost s Otevﾖenost s Transparentnost s Odpovｸdnost (NGO byly vヮdｲó silou pﾖi diskusóch o odpovｸdnosti a transparentnosti - klóｲo-v̅ch tïmatech dobrovolnick̅ch aktivit) s Finance s Nediskriminaｲnó postoje ve vlastnó organizaci s Pﾖósluþnï vnitrostètnó prèvnó pﾖedpisy ohlednｸ zaklèdènó a provozu NGO
† Voluntary organisations play a crucial role in engaging with communities at the local, regional, national and international level.
s Dobrovolnickï organizace hrajó klóｲovou ÿlohu pﾖi komunikaci s komunitami na móstnó, regio-nèlnó, stètnó a mezinèrodnó ÿrovni.
Organisations have to decide how important this is and whether or not to register.
s Nespokojenost s politikou roste, dobrovolnick̅mi a komunitnómi aktivitami lidï pﾖispóvajó k rozvoji veﾖejnïho ™ivota tóm, ™e jim vｸnujó svヮj ｲas nebo penóze a podporujó tïmata, kterè se jich sam̅ch t̅kajó.
† Prohibition on certain activities even after registration. NGOs need to comply with the national law, or, if it is arbitrary or disproportionate challenge it by the appropriate mechanism.
s Dobrovolnickï organizace jsou stèle ｲastｸji móstem, kde lidï mohou diskutovat a anga™ovat se v otèzkèch, kterï se jich t̅kajó, a majó pocit, ™e mohou pﾖispｸt ke zmｸnｸ.
† Lack of standing in order to participate in relevant political debates. NGOs will need to be sure that they brief an individual or organisation that does have standing.
s Slo™itï pﾖedpisy ohlednｸ registrace NGO.
† Perception of affiliation to government or a political party threatening acceptance as an impar-tial advocate of issues.
NGO usilujócó o registraci by se mｸly s tｸmito pﾖedpi-sy podrobnｸ obeznèmit, dodr™et sprèvnï postupy a obstarat si dokumenty nutnï k naplnｸnó pﾖedpisヮ.
A good NGO needs to be careful to espouse a cause, not to be affiliated to a political party and steps should be taken to ensure that this is the case.
s Zèkaz v̅konu urｲit̅ch aktivit organizacemi, kterï nejsou registrovanï.
† Lack of knowledge and skills, particularly in organisational and financial management or the use of IT.
Organizace se musó rozhodnout, jak dヮle™itï pro nｸ jsou, a jestli se registrovat nebo ne.
They must either acquire the services (paid or unpaid) of qualified pro-fessionals or undertake appropriate training (or both).
s Zèkaz urｲit̅ch aktivit i po registraci.
† Lack of funding and limited resources, lack of information and guidance on accessing available national, EU and international funds.
NGO musejó naplﾏovat vnitrostètnó legislativu nebo, pokud je neÿｲelnè a nepﾖimｸﾖenè, ji pﾖósluþn̅m zpヮsobem napadnout.
National equality commission, NGO coordination bodies, local EU representations and regional international donors should be contacted to identify suitable sources of funding.
NGO bude muset zajistit informovanost osoby nebo organizace, kterè se jich ÿｲastnó.
For example, a considerable obstacle to the health and sustainability of the NGO sector in Japan is the fact that previously, Japan had not granted tax-deductible status to most of its non-profit-making organisations.
NGO mヮ™e poskytovat pomoc a podporu tｸm, kteﾖó mohou, nebo usilovat o zmｸnu pﾖedpisヮ.
The government, profit-making community, and NGOs need to recognise each other as being integral partners, of equal stat-ure, with a distinct and vital role to play in development.
s Vnómanè vazba na vlèdu nebo politickou stranu ohro™ujócó pﾖijómènó NGO jako nestrannïho obhèjce v urｲit̅ch otèzkèch.
Governments enact and enforce rules and regulations that define the policy environments needed for NGO activities to take root.
Dobrè NGO musó b̅t pﾖi obhajovènó jednotliv̅ch tïmat opatrnè, aby nebyla spojovèna s politickou stranou, a musó pro to ｲinit pﾖósluþnï kroky.
Profit-making corporations can offer know-how, resources, and technical assistance, while NGOs offer practical on-the-ground knowledge, relationships, and implementing networks needed to get the job done in a way that renders the final product sustainable.
s Nedostatek znalostó a dovednostó, zejmïna v oblasti organizaｲnóho a finanｲnóho managemen-tu nebo u™óvènó IT.
† Under-utilisation of potential support from the business sector.
NGO by mｸly zajistit sprèvnï chèpènó v̅znamu dobrïho organizaｲnóho a finanｲnóho managementu.
NGOs should seek to achieve `business engagement'.
Musejó tyto slu™by buｵ zóskat od kvalifikovan̅ch profesionèlヮ (pla-cenｸ nebo neplacenｸ) nebo projót nèle™it̅m þkolenóm (nebo obojó).
A growing number of NGOs are now engaging businesses in `partner-ships' aimed at collaboratively addressing key issues.
Pﾖóruｲka pro boj proti diskriminaci financovènó je tﾖeba kontaktovat stètnó komisi pro rovnost, koordinaｲnó orgèny NGO, móstnó zastoupenó EU a regionèlnó mezinèrodnó dèrce.
Combating discrimination › A training manual
s Daﾏovï/ostatnó relevantnó zèkony dèrcovskï nebo pﾖijómajócó zemｸ nemusejó NGO podporovat. Napﾖóklad, zèva™nou pﾖekè™kou zdravó a udr™itelnosti nevlèdnóho sektoru v Japonsku je skuteｲ-nost, ™e dﾖóve Japonsko neumo™ﾏovalo u vｸtþiny sv̅ch neziskov̅ch organizacó odpisy z danó.
† Inability to reach some parts of the community due to insensitivity, imposition of externally chosen legal or political aims, cultural or language barriers.
Stèt, podnikatelsk̅ sektor a NGO se musejó navzèjem uznèvat jako integrèlnó partneﾖi s rovn̅m postavenóm a jasnou, ™ivotnｸ dヮle-™itou ÿlohou pro rozvoj spoleｲnosti. Stèt zavèdó a prosazuje pravidla a pﾖedpisy, kterè definujó politickï prostﾖedó potﾖebnï pro zakoﾖenｸnó aktivit NGO.
This may be due to a number of factors including minimal funding, resources, time, resistance to taking on the role of employer, continuity of personnel (especially in an organisation where there is a high turnover of enthusiastic volunteers), low staff morale or downright chaos, and results in NGOs not reaching their full efficiency potential.
Ziskovï spoleｲnosti mohou nabód-nout know-how, zdroje a technickou pomoc, zatómco NGO nabózejó praktickou znalost terïnu, vztahy a implementaｲnó sótｸ potﾖebnï pro naplnｸnó ÿkolu zpヮsobem zajiþﾝujócóm udr™itelnost finèlnóho produktu.
This can be overcome by agreed allocation of management roles, specific management training, competent internal adminis-tration and regular review of administrative and employment matters.
s Þpatnï mana™erskï nebo zamｸstnavatelskï postupy se v NGO vyskytujó ｲasto a mohou poþko-dit morèlku a ohro™ovat efektivitu NGO.
This document exists in English, French, Albanian, Bulgarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian and Ser-bian.
Diskriminace v nèrodnóch souvislostech
Discrimination in the national context
Rozdól mezi smｸrnicó a naﾖózenóm a prostor kter̅ dèvajó ｲlensk̅m stètヮm pokud se t̅ｲe zpヮsobu implementace › jak̅ pﾖóstup vnitrostètnó orgèny zvolily pﾖi implementaci smｸrnic?
The information provided was put together by the contractor producing this report in coopera-tion with his national NGO partners, and views expressed do not represent any official view of the European Commission and in particular the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
Jsou ÿｲastnóci obeznèmeni s textem smｸrnic?
Intended learning outcomes
Jsou ÿｲastnócó obeznèmeni s vnitrostètnó legislativou pﾖijatou za ÿｲelem dosa™enó souladu se smｸr-nicemi? Jsou seznèmeni s texty vnitrostètnóch prèvnóch pﾖedpisヮ nebo s laick̅m prヮvodcem, kter̅ vysvｸtluje jejich v̅znam?
† For the participants to be familiar with the national provisions and procedures which have been/have to be adopted to transpose the directives, and to have verified that the transposi-tion has been/can be properly carried out.
Je-li to mo™nï, prostudujte text smｸrnic a porovnejte jej s textem pﾖósluþn̅ch vnitrostètnóch pﾖed-pisヮ nebo s laick̅m prヮvodcem. Urｲete pﾖósluþnè ÿstavnó ustanovenó, zèkony a jednotlivè ustano-venó pracovnóho prèva.
† For the participants to be familiar with the administrative and legal channels available at national and international level to redress instances of discrimination, and to have learnt how to use those remedies appropriately.
Pokud byly smｸrnice pﾖejaty do vnitrostètnóho prèva, porovnejte vnitrostètnó pﾖedpisy s ｲlènky smｸrnic a urｲete rozpory.
† For the participants to become aware of how the international community has seen their coun-try's record in the relevant field, and to understand how to use this information.
Vyskytly se nｸjakï rozdóly v reakci veﾖejnosti na obｸ smｸrnice?
What is the difference between a regulation and a directive?
Jak tyto subjekty odpovódajó cólヮm smｸrnice?
A regulation is binding upon all Member States.
Urｲete a vyjmenujte specifickï rozdóly, kterï smｸrnice zavedly v systïmu nèrodnó ochrany proti diskriminaci.
A directive is binding upon each Member State, but it is left to each Member State to implement the directive in national legislation.
Smｸrnice nezakazujó vþechny formy diskriminace.
Individual citizens are given rights and bound by the legal act when the directive has been transposed into national law.
Vyjmenujte vþechny aspekty diskriminace, kterï se bｸ™nｸ v zemi vyskytujó a kterï smｸrnice nepokr̅vajó.
Since the Member States are only bound by the objectives laid down in directives, they have some discretion, when transposing them into national law, in taking account of specific national circumstances. For example with regards to sanctions.
Pﾖóruｲka pro boj proti diskriminaci
Combating discrimination › A training manual provisions against discrimination is made in Article 15 of the racial equality directive and Article 17 of the employment equality directive.
Smｸrnice obsahujó po™adavek, ™e jejich implementace nesmó b̅t v ™èdnïm pﾖópadｸ dヮvodem sni™ovènó ochrany, kterou poskytuje vnitrostètnó prèvo.
The directives also specify that the sanctions, which may comprise payment of compensation to the victim, must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
3.2.A Vztah k zamｸstnènó a povolènó › vþechny dヮvody
Transposition must be effected within the period laid down in a directive.The directives
Urｲete prostﾖedky, kterï jsou k dispozici na vnitrostètnó ÿrovni k ochranｸ pﾖed diskriminacó v zamｸstnènó a povolènó na zèkladｸ rasovïho nebo etnickïho pヮvodu, nèbo™enstvó nebo vóry, zdravotnóho posti™enó, vｸku nebo sexuèlnó orientace, tak jak jsou upraveny vnitrostètnóm prè-vem provèdｸjócóm smｸrnice 2000/43/ES a 2000/78/ES.
In 1997, however, the Member States approved unanimously the Treaty of Amsterdam. Article 13 of this new Treaty granted the Community new powers to combat discrimination on the grounds of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.
s neformèlnó ﾖeþenó s kolektivnó vyjednèvènó odborov̅ch organizacó s vnitﾖnó ﾖózenó u zamｸstnavatele k projednènó stó™nostó s administrativnó prostﾖedky vｲetnｸ stó™nostó k àﾖadヮm prèce s prèvnó prostﾖedky vｲetnｸ
Since the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force in 1999, new EC laws, or directives, that have been enacted in the area of anti-dis-crimination are the racial equality directive (2000/43/EC), and the employment equality directive (2000/78/EC).
(i) prostﾖedkヮ soukromïho prèva
The principal rules laid down in the two directives are as follows.
(iv) veﾖejnoprèvnó trestnó ﾖózenó s stó™nosti k veﾖejnïmu ochrènci prèv s stó™nosti k subjektu pro ochranu rovnïho zachèzenó s jinï prostﾖedky, jako napﾖóklad móstnó samoprèva, parlamentnó þetﾖenó atd.
† Gives protection against discrimination in employment and training, education, social protection (including social security and healthcare), social advantages, membership and involvement in organisations of workers and employers and access to goods and services, including housing;
s ™aloba ve veﾖejnïm zèjmu
Direct discrimination
3.2.B Ve vztahu k jin̅m oblastem ne™ je pﾖóstup k zamｸstnènó nebo povolènó › rasov̅ a etnick̅ pヮvod s neformèlnó ﾖeþenó s administrativnó sankce
An example of direct discrimination is a job advert, which says `no disabled people need apply'.
Diskriminace v nèrodnóch souvislostech s prèvnó prostﾖedky vｲetnｸ
Discrimination in the national context
(i) prostﾖedkヮ soukromïho prèva
Indirect discrimination
(iii) soukromoprèvnó trestnó ﾖózenó
† Also prohibits harassment, the instruction to discriminate and victimisation.