natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
23–28
When this point is measured correctly, the linearity will also be unaltered.
14–18
If other measurement devices are used (without certified calibration by the manufacturer), conversion is recommended over the total range at regular intervals (Appendix 2).
0,9–1,6
This applies to the experimental set-up and experimental conditions whereby the volumes of gas produced — from control blanks and from vessels indicating 70 - 80 % inhibition — may be estimated with acceptable margins of error.
7–37,5 (14, 30)
Aeration of water can be maintained through bubblers.
0,45–2,28 (14, 29)
It is recommended to set bubblers at levels that do not create undue stress on the tadpoles.
0,5–0,7 (14, 19, 29)
At 20 °C under standard atmospheric pressure the ASV in freshwater equals 9,1 mg/l (60 % equals 5,46 mg/l)
0,52–0,6 (14, 30)
Mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) is a very toxic substance which should be handled with suitable precautions.
10–20 (21)
Aqueous wastes containing this chemical should be disposed of appropriately;
10–20 (7, 21)
they should not be discharged into the waste water system.
4–5 (14, 30)
they should not be discharged directly into the waste water system.
14–28
Digested sludge is a mixture of the settled phases of sewage and activated sludge, which have been incubated in an anaerobic digester at about 35 °C to reduce biomass and odour problems and to improve the dewater-ability of the sludge.
1,53–2,2 (16, 19)
It consists of an association of anaerobic fermentative and methanogenic bacteria producing carbon dioxide and methane (11).
0–10 (10, 19)
Proportion of n2
0–2 (4, 29)
The device should be used and calibrated at regular intervals, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
1,8–2,5 (14)
The accuracy of the calibration can be checked at the laboratory with a one-point measurement at 1 × 105 Pa against a pressure-meter with a mechanical display.
3,6–7 (14, 29)
If other measurement devices are used (without certified calibration by the manufacturer), calibration is recommended over the total range at regular intervals.
2,1–2,3 (14, 19)
This should be re-evaluated if adsorptive and insoluble reference chemicals are included.
1,3–1,5 (4, 14, 19)
Column leaching studies with crop protection products may provide mobility information on a test chemical and its transformation products and may supplement batch sorption studies.
0,4–0,5 (4, 14, 19)
The amount to be applied to cylindrical soil columns can be calculated by the following formula:M μgA kgha109μgkgd2cm2π108cm2ha4where:M amount applied per column [μg]A rate of application [kg · ha– 1]d diameter of soil column [cm]π 3,14
1,5–2 (14, 19, 29)
According to FAO and USDA systems (14).
41–56 (19, 29)
§ The respective variables should preferably show values within the range given.
0,8–1,5 (14, 19)
If, however, difficulties in finding appropriate soil material occur, values below the indicated minimum are accepted.
7–9 (14, 19)
‡ Soils with less than 0,3 % organic carbon may disturb correlation between organic content and adsorption.
POST (4, 22–26)
Thus, it is recommended to use soils with a minimum organic carbon content of 0,3 %.
0,5–0,6 (14, 19)
# Soils with very high carbon content (e.g. > 10 %) may not be acceptable legally e.g. for pesticide registration purposes.
3 (19)
This simulates an extremely high rainfall.
Pterophylla – Native Plants & Seeds
The average yearly rainfall, for example, in Central Europe is of the order of 800-1000 mm.
Baskin, C.C.
Examples of bulk densities for disturbed soils are as follows:for a sand soil 1,66 g · ml– 1for a loam soil 1,17 g · ml– 1for a loamy sand soil 1,58 g · ml– 1for a silt soil 1,11 · g ml– 1
Academic Press, Toronto.
Typical leachate volumes range from 230-260 ml corresponding to approx.
Blackburn, L.G.
92-104 % of total artificial rain applied (251 ml) when using soil columns of 4 cm diameter and 30 cm length.
Boutin, C., Lee, H-B., Peart, T., Batchelor, P.S., & Maguire, R.J.
More than one major transformation product may be formed in soil which also may appear at different time points during a transformation study.
Boutin, C., Elmegaard, N., & Kjaer, C.
In such cases, it may be necessary to conduct leaching studies with aged residues of different age.
2004.
The original proposal for this test method was based on an article by C.V. Eadsforth and P. Moser (1).
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weighted averagelog Pow
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area %
Brown, R.A., & Farmer, D.
total peak area %
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area %i
Buhler, D.D.
104-54-1 Cinnamyl alcohol
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G., & Warburg, E.F.
C.V.
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Clay, P.A.
H. Ellgehausen, C. D'Hondt and R. Fuerer (1981).
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B. McDuffie (1981).
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Flynn, S., Turner, R.M., and Dickie, J.B.
L.O.
Seed Information Database (release 6.0, Oct 2004) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (www.rbgkew.org.uk/data/sid).
J.E.
Franzaring, J., Kempenaar, C., & van der Eerden, L.J.M.
S. Fujisawa and E. Masuhara.
Gleason, H.A.
C. Hansch and A. J. Leo.
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C. Hansch, chairman;
Grime, J.P.
A tool for the quantitative prediction of bioactivity — Available from Pomona College Medical Chemistry Project, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M., & Shaw, S.
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., & Hunt, R.
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C. Hansch and A.J.
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Marrs, R.H.
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata:
Marshall, E.J.P.
(A zero algal concentration in one out of two or three replicate vessels may indicate the vessel was not inoculated correctly, or was improperly cleaned).
McKelvey, R.A., Wright, J.P., & Honegger, J.L.
State reasons for rejection of a data point as an outlier clearly in the test report.
Morton, S.
Depending on the intended usage of data; the quality (precision) and amount of data as well as the availability of data analysis tools, it may be decided (and sometimes well justified) to stop the data analysis at this stage and simply read the key figures EC50 and EC10 (and/or EC20) from the eye fitted curve (see also section below on stimulatory effects).
(Herbiseed).
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USDA, NRCS.
ISO 8692 Water quality — Algal growth inhibition test.
National Plant Data Centre, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
International Organisation for Standardisation (1998).
USEPA.
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919-925
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350 ± 50 ppm
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Nosič se nastříkne nebo promíchá s malým množstvím, například 2,5 g, jemného křemenného písku.
Nyholm, N. Sørensen, P.S., Kusk, K.O. and Christensen, E.R.
Alternativně může být aplikován vícenásobný U-test, např. Bonferroniho-U-test podle Holma (29), nebo když tato data vykazují heteroskedasticitu, ale jinak jsou konzistentní se základním monotónním vztahem dávka-odezva, jiný neparametrický test [např. Jonckheere-Terpstrův (30, 31) nebo Shirleyův (32, 33)], a byla by mu obecně dávána přednost před t-testy s nerovností rozptylů (viz rovněž schéma v dodatku 7).
Bruce, R.D.,and Versteeg, D.J.
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ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1996).
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92,760 mg.
UWSF – Z.
207,690 mg.
Umweltchem.
1,635 mg.
Römbke, J. and Federschmidt, A.
79,880 mg.
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0,714 mg.
Römbke, J., Riepert, F. & Achazi R.
3,630 mg.
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0,006 mg.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1994).
150,000 mg.
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[Disodium (Ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate].
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Normalising by the mean control response gives some principle problems and gives rise to a rather complicated variance structure.
Bell, A.W.
Dividing the responses by the mean control response for obtaining the percentage of inhibition, one introduces an additional error caused by the error on the control mean.
Nielsen, C.O. and Christensen, B.
Test mixtures (FT as in Table 1) containing water, synthetic sewage feed and the test chemical should be prepared to obtain different nominal concentrations of the test chemical (See Table 1 for example of volumes of constituents).
(1959).
The pH should be adjusted to 7,5 ± 0,5, if necessary;
Bouguenec, V. and Giani, N.
Finally, adsorptive substances should be also weighed directly into the test vessels; and the vessels should be silanised in order to minimise losses through adsorption.
(1987).
is the rate of oxygen uptake due to nitrification (mg/lh);
Kořínková, J. and Sigmund, J.
If a statistical analysis is intended to determine the NOEC, per-vessel statistics (individual vessels are considered as replicates) are necessary.
(1968).
Appropriate statistical methods should be used according to the OECD Document on Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data:
The colouring of bottom-fauna samples before sorting, Věstník Československé společnosti zoologické 32, 300-305.
and, if possible, 95 per cent confidence limits, possibly EC20, EC80; possibly NOEC and the used statistical methods, if the EC50 cannot be determined;
Finney, D.J.
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(1954);
The temperature in the test vessels should be 24 ± 2 °C. The pH of the control medium should not increase by more than 1,5 units during the test.
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Po protřepání se suspenze ponechá usadit alespoň 2 hodiny, ale ne déle než 24 hodin. pH kapalné fáze se pak změří použitím pH-metru kalibrovaného před každým měřením pomocí vhodné řady roztoků pufrů (např. pH 4,0 a 7,0).
Water Quality — Determination of the Toxic Effect of Water Constituents and Waste Water to Duckweed (Lemna minor) — Duckweed Growth Inhibition Test.
Enchytraeus crypticus (Westheide a Graefe 1992):
Walbridge C. T. (1977).
Enchytraeus buchholzi (Vejdovský 1879):
Environmental Research Laboratory — Duluth, Minnesota 55804
Enchytraeus bulbosus (Nielsen a Christensen 1963):
Lockhart W.
trvání zkoušky toxicity pro reprodukci může (ale nemusí) být kratší, tj. čtyři namísto šesti týdnů, avšak doba trvání orientační zkoušky by se neměla měnit,
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Brain P. and Cousens R. (1989).
Transformace dat
Sources of Lemna species
Ano
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3 B2
Alespoň čtyři opakování na expozici?
United States
Ano
SWEDEN
Parametrické testy
Germany
log Kow,
Hillman, W.S.
I když pro tuto zkoušku nelze předepsat jednoduchou souhrnnou statistiku, umožňuje tato metoda stanovení hodnoty NOEC a ECx.
Landolt, E. (1986).
Jaenicke, J.
Björndahl, G. (1982).
(1982).
Wang, W.
Oien, N. and J.
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Stenerson (1984).
A sample of the contaminated plant material is taken and the roots cut off.
Esterases of earthworm – III.
The material is then shaken vigorously in clean water, followed by immersion in a 0,5 % (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution for between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
Kula, C.
The plant material is then rinsed with sterile water and transferred, as a number of batches, into culture vessels containing fresh growth medium.
(1996).
(mg/ߦl)
Development of a test method on sublethal effects of pesticides on the earthworm species Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei – comparison of two ringtests.
The pH is adjusted to 6,5 ± 0,2 with either 0,1 or 1 mol HCl or NaOH, and the volume adjusted to one litre with deionised water.
SETAC (1998).
AAP growth medium
EPA (1996).
Stock solutions are prepared in sterile distilled or deionised water.
Bouché, M.B.
Under these conditions the stock solutions will have a shelf life of at least 6 - 8 weeks.
Edwards, C.A.
The 20 ml of each nutrient stock solution is added to approximately 850 ml deionised water to produce the growth medium.
Greig-Smith, P.W., H.
The pH is adjusted to 7,5 ± 0,1 with either 0,1 or 1 mol HCl or NaOH, and the volume adjusted to one litre with deionised water.
Becker, P.J.
Growth medium intended for testing should be prepared 1-2 days before use to allow the pH to stabilise.
Edwards, C.A. and J.
The pH of the growth medium should be checked prior to use and readjusted if necessary by the addition of 0,1 or 1 mol NaOH or HCl as described above.
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10390.
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(mg/ߦl) [1]
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Na;N
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1992).
190;84
Soil Quality –Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis – Gravimetric method, No.
The pH should be to 5,5 +/– 0,2 (adjust by addition of a minimised volume of NaOH solution or HCl).
11465.
Adjust with water to 1000 ml.
Römbke, J. and Th.
22 °C ± 10 °C;
Toxicol.
70 % ± 25 %;
Tecn.
350 ± 50 μE/m2/s.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1485-1494.
For general chemicals, these include the physical/chemical properties of the chemical.
Van Gestel, C.A.M., W.A. van Dis, E.M. van Breemen, P.M. Sparenburg (1988).
For crop protection products, the physical/chemical properties and use pattern of the test chemical, its maximum concentration or application rate, the number of applications per season and/or the persistence of the test chemical need to be considered.
Data:
The number and spacing of the concentrations or rates should be sufficient to generate a reliable dose-response relationship and regression equation and give an estimate of the ECx. or ERx.
Dřívější práce provedená ve Spojeném království (6)(7) popisovala manometrickou metodu používající jako substrát neředěný rozkládající kal a nezpracovaný čistírenský kal v 500ml baňkách.
The selected concentrations/rates should encompass the ECx or ERx values that are to be determined.
Zařízení bylo neskladné a zápach nezpracovaného kalu byl velmi nepříjemný.
For example, if an EC50 value is required it would be desirable to test at rates that produce a 20 to 80 % effect.
Později Wilson et al.
The recommended number of test concentrations/rates to achieve this is at least five in a geometric series plus untreated control, and spaced by a factor not exceeding three.
var. koef.
A dose-response relationship is established in terms of a regression equation.
Doporučují se skleněné lahve na sérum o nominálním objemu 125 ml se skutečným objemem přibližně 160 ml, uzavřené septem [5] a tvarovaným hliníkovým uzávěrem, avšak je možné úspěšně použít i lahve o celkovém objemu 0,1 až 1 litr;
Different models can be used:
mikrostříkačky pro plynotěsné připojení tlakového snímače (viz odstavec 12 c)) k prostoru nad kapalinou v lahvi (viz odstavec 12 b)) a rovněž pro přidání nerozpustných tekutých zkoušených materiálů do lahví;
Schrader G., Metge K., and Bahadir M. (1998).
P t
International Organisation of Standards.
diskuze výsledků, včetně jakýchkoli odchylek od postupů této zkušební metody a diskuze jakýchkoli odchylek ve výsledcích zkoušky způsobených rušivými vlivy a chybami od toho, co by se očekávalo,
Soil Quality -- Determination of the Effects of Pollutants on Soil Flora — Part 1:
International Organisation for Standardisation (2003) ISO 13 641-1 Water Quality – Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria – Part 1:
Soil Quality -- Determination of the Effects of Pollutants on Soil Flora — Part 2:
International Organisation for Standardisation (2003) ISO 13 641-2 Water Quality – Determination of inhibition of gas production of anaerobic bacteria – Part 2:
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A.10 Odstavec 17 Zkušební substrát:
McKelvey, R.A., Wright, J.P., Honegger, J.L. and Warren, L.W.
Koncentrace inokula ve zkušebních lahvích (g/l)
Boutin, C.;
Agentura pro ochranu životního prostředí USA (2000 (7)) doporučuje použít násadu nepřevyšující poměr 1:50 (suchá biomasa: TOC).
Boutin, C., and Rogers, C.A.
Při použití síta s otvory o průměru 500 μm projde většina částic sedimentu sítem velmi rychle, nicméně cezení je třeba provést rychle, aby žížalice nezalezly do síta či neprolezly sítem.
Patterns of sensitivity of plant species to various herbicides — An analysis with two databases.
Použití 250μm síta zabrání žížalicím zalézt do síta nebo jím prolézt, nicméně je třeba dbát na to, aby na sítu zůstalo co nejméně částic sedimentu.
Boutin, C. and Harper, J.L.
chemické identifikační údaje (obecný název, chemický název, strukturní vzorec, číslo CAS atd.) včetně čistoty a analytické metody použité ke kvantifikaci zkoušené chemické látky;
Boutin, C., Lee, H.-B., Peart, T.E., Batchelor, S.P. and Maguire, R.J.. (2000).
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ASTM International (2002).
Trigonella foenum-graecum
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Solanum lycopersicon
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0,09-0,17 (4, 19)
Environment Canada (1997).
0-3 (2, 4, 14)
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14-21 (100 %) (14)
BBA (1995).
2,4-2,6 (14, 19)
Riedhammer C. & B.
0,85 -1,2 (14, 19)
Schwarz-Schulz (2001).
0,06-0,08 (4, 14)
ASTM International (2004).
14-21
Egeler, Ph., Meller, M., Schallnaß, H.J.
25-61 (14, 29)
In co-operation with R.
10-20 (6, 21)
Nagel and B.
10-20
Karaoglan.
10-20 (6, 10)
Environment Canada (2003).
23-28
Nikkilä A., Halme A., Kukkonen J.V.K.
14-18
Baily H.C., & Liu D.H.W.
0,9-1,6
Chapman K.
7-37,5 (14, 30)
K., Benton M.
0,45-2,28 (14, 29)
J., Brinkhurst R.
0,5-0,7 (14, 19, 29)
O. & Scheuerman P.
0,52-0,6 (14, 30)
R.
10-20 (21)
(1999).
10-20 (7, 21)
Meyer J.S., Boese C.J.
4-5 (14, 30)
Schubauer-Berigan M.K., Dierkes J.R., Monson P.D.
14-28
West, C.W., V.R.
1,53-2,2 (16, 19)
Ingersoll, C.G., Ankley, G.T., Benoit D.A., Brunson, E.L., Burton, G.A., Dwyer, F.J., Hoke, R.A., Landrum, P.
0-10 (10, 19)
F., Norberg-King, T.
5-8 (4, 14, 29)
J. and Winger, P.V.
0-2 (4, 29)
Kukkonen, J. and Landrum, P.F.
1,8-2,5 (14)
Leppänen, M.T.
3,6-7 (14, 29)
Landrum, P.F., Gedeon, M.L., Burton, G.A., Greenberg.
2,1 -2,3 (14, 19)
Brunson, E.L., Canfield, T.J., Ingersoll, C.J.
1,3-1,5 (4, 14, 19)