natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
M., Makynen, E.
Multiple comparisons (e.g. Dunnett's t-test) or step-down trend tests (e.g. Williams' test in case of a monotonous dose-response relationship) can be used to calculate whether there are significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) between the controls and the various test item concentrations (selection of the recommended test according to OECD Document 54 on the Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: a Guidance to Application).
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114 Suppl 1, pp.
Developmental time from egg to adult female is approximately 20 days at 20 °C.
106–14.
More than one culture should be maintained and held beforehand.
Miles-Richardson, S.
Rearing of Typrophagus putrescentiae:
R., Kramer, V.
The mites are kept in a glass vessel filled with fine brewers yeast powder which is put in a plastic bucket filled with KNO3-solution in order to avoid escaping.
J., Fitzgerald, S.
The food mites are placed on top of this powder.
D., Render, J.
Afterwards, they are carefully mixed with the powder (which has to be replaced twice a week) using a spatula.
A., Yamini, B., Barbee, S.
Synchronisation of culture:
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Specimens that are used in the test should be of similar age (ca.
P.
7 days after reaching the adult stage).
(1999) Effects of waterborne exposure to 17B-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
Therefore the following procedure is proposed (24) (25):
Aquat.
Apparatus:
47, pp.
Tullgren funnel or comparable methods like e.g. McFadyen (heating from above, sample is put over a funnel)
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Heating regime:
Martinovic, D., Blake, L.
25 °C for 12 h, 35 °C for 12 h, 45 °C for 24 hours (in total 48 h).
S., Durhan, E.
The temperature should be measured in the substrate.
J., Greene, K.
Fixation liquid:
J., Kahl, M.
Take glass vial that was used for the test.
D., Jensen, K.
Remove lid and wrap a piece of mesh or fabric around the opening.
M., Makynen, E.
(MITOX), 23 January 2007
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Environ.
Hypoaspis aculeifer, dorsal shield with characteristic setae Hypoaspis aculeifer Original drawings by F. Faraji
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For that reason the cuticula of the prey is pierced with the chelicers and a secretion for the extra intestinal digestion is emitted into the prey.
27, pp.
The food mash can then be sucked by the mite.
478–488.
During the test, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH should be measured in all test vessels at least once per week.
OECD environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No.
Total hardness and alkalinity should be measured in the controls and one vessel at the highest concentration at least once per week.
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25 ± 2 °C
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Testing Negative Substances.
21 dnů
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Validation of the Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay:
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T., Jensen, K.
Evaluation of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole in a short-term reproduction assay with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
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A., Kahl, M.
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D., Korte, J.
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J., Hornung, M.
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W., Henry, T.
Parks LG, Cheek AO, Denslow ND, Heppell SA, McLachlan JA, LeBlanc GA, Sullivan CV (1999).
R., Denny, J.
Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) vitellogenin:
S., Leino, R.
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L., Wilson, V.
Panter GH, Tyler CR, Maddix S, Campbell PM, Hutchinson TH, Länge R, Lye C, Sumpter JP, 1999.
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Application of an ELISA to quantify vitellogenin concentrations in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
C., Hartig, P.
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C., Gray, E.
Development and validation of a homologous zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton- Buchanan) vitellogenin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its application for studies on estrogenic chemicals.
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(2003) Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-β trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.
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1350–1360.
Development of an ELISA for vitellogenin in whole body homogenate of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Harries, J.
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Rose J, Holbech H, Lindholst C, Noerum U, Povlsen A, Korsgaard B, Bjerregaard P. 2002.
A., Maddix, S., Sumpter, J.
Vitellogenin induction by 17β-estradiol and 17β-ethinylestradiol in male zebrafish (Danio rerio).
P., Tyler, C.
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Brion F, Nilsen BM, Eidem JK, Goksoyr A, Porcher JM, Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure vitellogenin in the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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M., Korte, J.
Development of an ELISA for determination of the hepatic vitellogenin in Medaka (Oryzias latipes).
J., Kahl, M.
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D., Pasha, M.
Tatarazako N, Koshio M, Hori H, Morita M and Iguchi T., 2004.
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Comp Biochem Physiol C 128, pp.
Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.
127–141.
22(6):
Kahl, M.
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D., Jensen, K.
Seki M, Yokota H, Matsubara H, Maeda M, Tadokoro H, Kobayashi K (2004).
M., Korte, J.
Fish full life-cycle testing for androgen methyltestosterone on medaka (Oryzias latipes).
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OECD (2000) Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures.
(2001) Effects of handling on endocrinology and reproductive performance of the fathead minnow.
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Acute and chronic effects of carrier solvents in aquatic organisms:
Miles-Richardson, S.
Aquatic Toxicology, 76;
R., Kramer, V.
pp.69–92.
J., Fitzgerald, S.
Hutchinson TH, Ankley GT, Segner H, Tyler CR, 2006b.
D., Render, J.
Environmental Health Perspectives;114 Suppl 1:106-14.
A., Yamini, B., Barbee, S.
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J., Giesy, J.
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Effects of waterborne exposure to 17β-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
(1999) Effects of waterborne exposure of 17-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Aquat.
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47, 129-145.
129–145.
Martinovic, D., L.S. Blake, E.J. Durhan, K.J. Greene, M.D. Kahl, K.M., Jensen, E.A. Makynen, D.L. Villeneuve and G.T. Ankley.
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Characterization of reproductive toxicity of vinclozolin in the fathead minnow and co-treatment with an androgen to confirm an anti-androgenic mode of action.
F.
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(1974) Effects of 17-methyltestosterone on the dorsal pad and tubercles of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Chem.
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27, 478-488.
1031–1038.
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Schéma znázorňující rozdíl mezi pohlavími v tvaru a velikosti řitní ploutve – A sameček, B samička.
OECD (2012) OECD Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters (revised).
Oka, T.
Series on Testing and Assessment No 150.
B.
ENV/JM/MONO(2012)22
(1931) On the processes on the fin rays of the male of Oryzias latipes and other sex characters of this fish.
Medaka
Sci., Tokyo Univ., IV, 2, pp.
25 ± 2 °C
209–218.
26 ± 2 °C
J.
Age of test organisms
P. – článek, A.
Approximate wet weight of adult fish (g)
S. – osová vzdálenost, P. – výběžek.
21 d
B – distální konec ploutvového paprsku.
Thorpe KL, Benstead R, Hutchinson TH, Tyler CR, 2007.
Když je dosaženo homogenní hmoty, přidá se homogenizační pufr chlazený na ledu v množství čtyřnásobně větším než hmotnost tkáně.
An optimised experimental test procedure for measuring chemical effects on reproduction in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas.
Pokračuje se v práci s paličkami, dokud směs není homogenní.
Aquatic Toxicology, 81, 90–98.
na každou rybu se použijí nové paličky.
Ankley GT, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Korte JJ, Makynen ME.
Různý rozptyl Stejný rozptyl
2001.
Výsledky hierarchické ANOVA testovat Dunnettovým testem
Description and evaluation of a short-term reproduction test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
Střední hodnoty opakování testovat Dunnovým nebo Mannovým–Whitneyovým testem
Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1276-1290.
Střední hodnoty opakování testovat testem sestupného trendu
Ankley GT, Jensen KM, Makynen EA, Kahl MD, Korte JJ, Hornung MW, Henry TR, Denny JS, Leino RL, Wilson VS, Cardon MC, Hartig PC, Gray EL.
Střední hodnoty opakování nejsou normální nebo nejsou homogenní
2003.
Střední hodnoty opakování testovat testem sestupného trendu
Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-β trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.
transformace ke stabilizaci rozptylu?
Environ Toxicol Chem 22:1350-1360.
<=3 opak. pro každou konc.
Harries JE, Runnalls T, Hill E, Harris CA,Maddix S, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR.
Výsledky hierarchické ANOVA testovat Tamhaneovým–Dunnettovým testem
2000.
0–4
Development of a reproductive performance test for endocrine disrupting chemicals using pair-breeding fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
5–7
Environ Sci Technol 34:3003-3011.
8–10
Jensen KM, Korte JJ, Kahl MD, Pasha MS, Ankley GT.
11–14
2001.
15–21
Aspects of basic reproductive biology and endocrinology in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
Byla provedena předběžná práce týkající se expozic ve stravě, avšak expozice touto cestou se běžně nepoužívá.
Comp Biochem Physiol C 128:127-141.
Závažné malformace a léze mohou zahrnovat morfologické abnormality (např. deformace končetin), léze s krvácením, bakteriální a plísňové infekce aj. Tato stanovení jsou kvalitativní, měla by být považována za rovnocenná klinickým příznakům onemocnění/stresu a porovnána s kontrolními zvířaty.
Kahl MD, Jensen KM, Korte JJ, Ankley GT.
fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti, údaje o stabilitě a biologické rozložitelnosti,
2001.
metoda a frekvence přípravy roztoků.
Effects of handling on endocrinology and reproductive performance of the fathead minnow.
Informace o zkoušené chemické látce zahrnují skutečné a jmenovité koncentrace zkoušené chemické látky a v některých případech, je-li to vhodné, i dalších (non-parent) chemických látek.
J Fish Biol 59:515-523.
Statistická analýza údajů by se pokud možno měla řídit postupy, které jsou popsány v dokumentu Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data:
Miles-Richardson SR, Kramer VJ, Fitzgerald SD, Render JA, Yamini B, Barbee SJ, Giesy JP.
Pokud není možné nalézt normalizační transformaci, stanoví se významný účinek expozice Mannovým-Whitneyovým-Wilcoxonovým U-testem s Bonferroni-Holmovou korekcí hodnot p. Dunnettův test se použije nezávisle na jakémkoli F-testu ANOVA a Mannův-Whitneyův test se provede nezávisle na jakémkoli celkovém Kruskallově-Wallisově testu.
1999.
Po stadiu 60 dochází u pulců ke snížení velikosti a hmotnosti v důsledku resorpce tkání a snížení absolutního obsahu vody.
Effects of waterborne exposure of 17-estradiol on secondary sex characteristics and gonads of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Měření hmotnosti ve vlhkém stavu a délky těla od tlamy po kloaku tak nemohou být vhodně použita při statistických analýzách tempa růstu.
Aquat Toxicol 47:129-145.
Údaje o hmotnosti ve vlhkém stavu a délce organismů > NF60 by proto měly být omezeny a nelze je použít při analýzách středních nebo mediánových hodnot duplikátních vzorků.
Smith RJF.
Tyto růstové parametry lze analyzovat dvěma různými metodami.
1974.
OECD (2004) Report of the Validation of the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the detection of thyroid active substances:
Effects of 17-methyltestosterone on the dorsal pad and tubercles of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Phase 1 – Optimisation of the Test Protocol.
Can J Zool 52:1031-1038.
OECD (2007) Final Report of the Validation of the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay:
Diagram showing sexual difference in shape and size of the anal fin.
Phase 2 – Multi-chemical Interlaboratory Study.
A, male; B, female.
76, Paris.
Oka, T. B., 1931.
OECD (2008) Report of the Validation Peer Review for the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay and Agreement of the Working Group of the National Coordinators of the Test Guidelines Programme on the Follow-up of this Report.
On the processes on the fin rays of the male of Oryzias latipes and other sex characters of this fish.
92, Paris.
Sci., Tokyo Univ., IV, 2:
23, Paris.
209-218.
ASTM (2002) Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians.
J.P., joint plate; A.S., axial space;
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E729-96(2002), Philadelpia, PA.
P., process.
ASTM (2004) Standard Guide for Conducting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay – Xenopus (FETAX).
B, Distal extremity of fin-ray.
Kahl, M.
After being weighed, the parts are placed in appropriate tubes (e.g. 1,5 ml eppendorf) and frozen at – 80 °C until homogenisation or directly homogenised on ice with two plastic pistils.
D., Russom, C.
(Other methods can be used if they are performed on ice and the result is a homogenous mass).
L., DeFoe, D.
Important:
L. & Hammermeister, D.
The tubes should be numbered properly so that the head and tail from the fish can be related to their respective body-section used for gonad histology.
E.
(5) When a homogenous mass is achieved, 4 x the tissue weight of ice-cold homogenisation buffer is added.
(1999) Saturation units for use in aquatic bioassays.
Important note: New pistils are used for each fish.
Chemosphere 39, pp.
Dunnett test on nested ANOVA No
539–551.
Yes Dunn or Mann-Whitney test on rep means
Nieuwkoop, P.
variance stabilising transform >=4 reps per conc
D. & Faber, J.
Tamhane-Dunnett test
(1994) Normal Table of Xenopus laevis.
>=4 reps per conc <=3 reps per conc
Garland Publishing, New York.
Nested ANOVA not normal No
OECD (2007) Guidance Document on Amphibian Thyroid Histology.
variance stabilising transformation
Dodd, M.
Variances unequal
H.
Dunn or Mann-Whitney test Nested ANOVA normal
I. & Dodd, J.
0-4
M.
5-7
(1976) Physiology of Amphibia.
8-10
Lofts, B. (ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp.
11-14
OECD (2006) Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data:
15-21
Environmental Health and Safety Publications.
Preliminary work has been conducted on dietary exposures; however, this route of exposure is not commonly used.
Series on Testing and Assessment.
Gross malformations and lesions could include morphological abnormalities (e.g. limb deformities), hemorrhagic lesions, bacterial or fungal infections, to name a few.
No.
These determinations are qualitative and should be considered akin to clinical signs of disease/stress and made in comparison to control animals.
54, Paris.
physical-chemical properties; information on stability and biodegradability;
Hutchinson, T.
method and frequency of preparation of dilutions.
H., Shillabeer, N., Winter, M.
Test chemical information includes actual and nominal concentrations of the test chemical, and in some cases, non-parent chemical, as appropriate.
J., Pickford, D.
Statistical analyses of the data should preferably follow procedures described in the document Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data:
B.
Where no normalising transformation can be found, a significant treatment effect is determined from the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test using a Bonferroni-Holm adjustment to the p-values.
(2006) Acute and chronic effects of carrier solvents in aquatic organisms:
The Dunnett test is applied independently of any ANOVA F-test and the Mann-Whitney test is applied independently of any overall Kruskall-Wallis test.
ŘADA
After stage 60, tadpoles show a reduction in size and weight due to tissue resorption and reduction of absolute water content.
EXP#
Thus, measurements of wet weight and SVL cannot appropriately be used in statistical analyses for differences in growth rates.
Stadium vývoje
Therefore, wet weight and length data from organisms > NF60 should be censored and cannot be used in analyses of replicate means or replicate medians.
Délka těla od tlamy po kloaku
Two different approaches could be used to analyse these growth-related parameters.
jakákoli látka nebo směs zkoušená touto zkušební metodou
OECD (2004) Report of the Validation of the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay for the detection of thyroid active substances:
Na začátku a na konci zkoušky ke stanovení rozsahu i hlavní zkoušky je třeba změřit pH.
Phase 1 — Optimisation of the Test Protocol.
Měření se provede také v jednom dodatečném kontrolním vzorku a jednom dodatečném vzorku s upravenou půdou (pro každou koncentraci), připravených a uchovávaných stejným způsobem jako zkušební kultury, avšak bez přítomnosti chvostoskoků.
OECD (2007) Final Report of the Validation of the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay:
Měly by být použity vhodné statistické metody podle dokumentu OECD č. 54 o současných přístupech ke statistické analýze dat týkajících se ekotoxicity:
Phase 2 — Multi-chemical Interlaboratory Study.
pokyny pro aplikaci (9).
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Nepříznivé účinky zkoušené chemické látky v porovnání s kontrolou se zpravidla zkoumají jednostranným testováním hypotéz při p ≤ 0,05.
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hodnoty NOEL/LOEC, LCx pro mortalitu a ECx pro reprodukci (hlavně LC50, LC10, EC50 a EC10) spolu s 95 % intervaly spolehlivosti, graf proloženého modelu použitého pro výpočet, jeho funkční rovnice a jeho parametry (viz (9)),
OECD (2008) Report of the Validation Peer Review for the Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay and Agreement of the Working Group of the National Coordinators of the Test Guidelines Programme on the Follow-up of this Report.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
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ISO (1999) Soil Quality – Effects of soil pollutants on Collembola (Folsomia candida):
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International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneve.
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