natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
d) doložka by měla obsahovat ustanovení o postupu konzultace mezi smluvními stranami podrobně popisující politické a právní mechanismy pro případ žádosti o přerušení dvoustranné spolupráce z důvodu opakovaného a/nebo systematického porušování lidských práv podle mezinárodního práva; je samozřejmé, že přerušení představuje ve vztazích mezi EU a třetími zeměmi to nejkrajnější opatření, a proto je třeba vytvořit jasný systém sankcí, aby byla k dispozici alternativní opatření, ale sdílený a nezbytný „pozitivní přístup” k lidským právům nesmí potlačit možnost přikročit k dočasnému přerušení spolupráce z důvodu porušování lidských práv a demokratické doložky;
(d) the clause should include a procedure for consultation between the parties, detailing the political and legal mechanisms to be used in the event of a request for bilateral cooperation to be suspended on the grounds of repeated and/or systematic human rights violations in breach of international law; suspension is obviously an extreme measure in EU/third country relations, and therefore a clear system of sanctions should be developed so as to offer an alternative course of action, but the accepted, essential positive approach on human rights should not exclude the possibility of a temporary suspension of cooperation having to be invoked on the grounds of a breach of the human rights and democracy clause;
e) doložka by také měla obsahovat podrobný mechanismus, který dovolí dočasné pozastavení dohody o spolupráci, a také „výstražný mechanismus” reagující na porušování lidských práv a demokratické doložky;
(e) the clause should also include details of a mechanism to allow for the temporary suspension of a cooperation agreement as well as a "warning mechanism" in response to a breach of the human rights and democracy clause;
f) doložka by měla být založena na reciprocitě a to jak vůči území Evropské unie, tak třetím zemím;
(f) the clause should be based on reciprocity, with regard both to the territory of the European Union and that of the third country;
a) žádá Radu a Komisi, aby v rámci pravidelného hodnocení plnění povinností smluvních partnerů na poli lidských práv zahájily proces strukturovaného dialogu; domnívá se, že systematické zahrnování otázek týkajících se lidských práv na pořady jednání Rady přidružení by mělo být součástí tohoto dialogu;
(a) calls on the Council and the Commission to set in motion structured dialogue procedures as part of this regular assessment of the partners' compliance with their human rights obligations; considers the systematic inclusion of human rights issues on the Association Council's agendas as being part of this dialogue;
b) doporučuje posílit úlohu vedoucích zahraničních delegací Komise vyslaných do třetích zemí; vyslovuje se pro vypracování „víceletých strategických dokumentů pro jednotlivé země” v garanci vedoucích delegací a pro to, aby strategické dokumenty pro jednotlivé země věnovaly větší pozornost situaci v oblasti lidských práv, stanovily priority a definovaly prostředky a nástroje používané EU k ochraně dodržování demokratické doložky a zvýšení úrovně dodržování základních práv; vyslovuje se také pro pravidelné přezkoumání textu takových strategií, zejména po projednání s Evropským parlamentem, a pro to, aby tyto strategie byly předmětem diskusí jeho příslušných delegací a diskusí probíhajících na plenárním zasedání, zejména ohledně jejich uplatňování; doporučuje, aby strategické dokumenty Komise pro jednotlivé země a akční plány obsahovaly jasná měřítka pokroku v oblasti lidských práv a časový rámec pro provedení změn;
(b) recommends an enhanced role for the heads of the Commission’s external delegations in third countries; calls for ‘country-by-country multiannual strategy documents’ to be drawn up under the responsibility of delegation heads, and for the Country Strategy Papers to pay greater attention to the human rights situation, identify the priorities and spell out the means and instruments deployed by the EU to ensure respect for the democracy clause and raise the level of respect for basic rights; also calls for the wording of such strategies to be reviewed on a regular basis, particularly with the European Parliament, and to be the subject of debates in the latter’s relevant delegations and in plenary, particularly with regard to their implementation; recommends that the Commission's Country Strategy Papers and Action Plans should contain clear benchmarks for progress on human rights and a timeframe within which changes should be accomplished;
c) v případě, že jeden z oprávněných států, Evropský parlament nebo příslušné národní parlamenty požádají na základě demokratické doložky o pozastavení platnosti dvoustranné dohody nebo o uplatnění jiných vhodných opatření, Rada přidružení automaticky zařadí tuto otázku na svůj pořad jednání; připomíná, že Evropský parlament se v některých případech v tomto smyslu oficiálně vyslovil, ale Rada přidružení tento požadavek jednoduše nebrala na vědomí;
(c) if one of the governments concerned, the European Parliament or the national parliaments concerned invokes the democracy clause to call for the suspension of a bilateral agreement or the implementation of other appropriate measures, the Association Council should automatically include that debate on its agenda; notes that the European Parliament has formally expressed its view to that effect in several cases, but that the Association Council has simply ignored those requests;
d) doporučuje zahájit „strukturovaný dialog“ mezi Radou přidružení a/nebo jejím podvýborem pro lidská práva, Evropským parlamentem a nevládními organizacemi a/nebo nezávislými a demokratickými nestátními subjekty při jednáních týkajících se porušování lidských práv a demokratických doložek v dohodách Evropské unie, včetně návrhů na zlepšení provádění doložky (to platí ve všech případech);
(d) recommends the establishment of a "structured dialogue" between the Association Council and/or its "Sub-Committee on Human Rights", the European Parliament and NGOs and/or independent and democratic non-State actors in discussions relating to breaches of human rights and democracy clauses in European Union Agreements, including proposals for improving implementation of the clause (excluding none);
e) lituje, že se Evropský parlament nepodílí na procesu rozhodování o zahájení postupu konzultace nebo o pozastavení dohody; pevně proto trvá na nutnosti spolurozhodovat o této oblasti společně s Komisí a Radou, stejně tak i o rozhodnutí pozastavit případná negativní opatření, která již byla na určitou zemi uvalena („pozastavení pozastavení“);
(e) regrets the fact that the European Parliament is not involved in the decision-making process for initiating consultation or suspending an agreement; strongly insists, therefore, on the need for it to be a joint decision-maker with the Commission and the Council in this respect, and likewise with regard to the decision to suspend any appropriate negative measures already imposed on a country ('suspension of the suspension');
f) navrhuje, aby Komise spolu s podvýbory pro lidská práva připravila výroční zprávu, kterou projedná Evropský parlament, o uplatňování doložek o lidských právech a demokracii v platných mezinárodních dohodách, tato zpráva by zahrnovala analýzy jednotlivých případů použití postupu konzultace a dalších příslušných opatření navržených nebo zamítnutých Radou v daném roce a byla by doplněna podrobnými doporučeními a hodnocením účinnosti a vhodnosti učiněných kroků;
(f) proposes that an annual report be drawn up by the Commission, together with subcommittees on human rights, and debated in the European Parliament, on the application of the human rights and democracy clauses in international agreements in force, containing a case-by-case analysis of each consultation process and other appropriate measures initiated or refused by the Council that year and accompanied by detailed recommendations and an evaluation dealing with the effectiveness and coherence of the action taken;
14. žádá, aby byl Evropský parlament přidružen k Radě přidružení a k podvýborům pro lidská práva a aby meziparlamentní delegace Evropského parlamentu sehrávaly v tomto ohledu důležitější úlohu a stále do programu návštěv zahrnovaly jednání o doložce;
Calls for the European Parliament to be associated with the Association Councils and with the subcommittees on human rights, and for the European Parliament’s interparliamentary delegations to have an enhanced role in this connection and to invariably provide in the agendas for their visits for discussions on the clause;
17. uvědomuje si, že uplatňování doložky je kvůli jednomyslnému souhlasu Rady nezbytnému k zahájení postupu konzultace složitější, žádá o zrušení požadavku jednomyslnosti k zahájení postupu konzultace a o revizi čl.
Stresses that no measure may be lifted until the reasons for its application have ceased to exist, and calls for the introduction of additional measures if existing measures have not yielded results after a considerable period;
2 Smlouvy o ES, který v těchto případech omezuje roli Evropského parlamentu;
Recognising that the need for unanimity within the Council in order to initiate a consultation procedure has made it more difficult to apply the clause, calls for the abolition of unanimity for initiating a consultation procedure, and for the revision of Article 300(2) of the EC Treaty, which limits the role of the European Parliament in such cases;
The structure and content of the human rights clause
The structure and content of the human rights clause
Since the early 1990s the European Community includes a so called 'human rights clause' in all framework agreements signed with third countries, from trade and cooperation accords and association agreements such as the Europe Agreements, Mediterranean Agreements to the Cotonou Agreement.
Since the early 1990s the European Community includes a so called 'human rights clause' in all framework agreements signed with third countries, from trade and cooperation accords and association agreements such as the Europe Agreements, Mediterranean Agreements to the Cotonou Agreement.
Exceptions are agreements on agriculture, textile and fisheries.
Exceptions are agreements on agriculture, textile and fisheries.
More than 50 such agreements have already been signed and the human rights clause now applies to over 120 countries.
More than 50 such agreements have already been signed and the human rights clause now applies to over 120 countries.
The clause has evolved over the years, and is not identical in all the agreements.
The clause has evolved over the years, and is not identical in all the agreements.
In the version launched by a Commission communication in 1995, it is divided into two parts.
In the version launched by a Commission communication in 1995, it is divided into two parts.
The first part contains an essential element clause enshrined in the first provisions of the agreement, providing
The first part contains an essential element clause enshrined in the first provisions of the agreement, providing
"Respect for the democratic principles and fundamental human rights established by (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)/(the Helsinki Final Act and Charter of Paris for a New Europe) inspires the domestic and external policies of the Community and of (the country or group of countries concerned) and constitutes an essential element of this agreement"
"Respect for the democratic principles and fundamental human rights established by (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) /( the Helsinki Final Act and Charter of Paris for a New Europe ) inspires the domestic and external policies of the Community and of (the country or group of countries concerned) and constitutes an essential element of this agreement"
Communication from the Commission 'on the inclusion of respect for democratic principles and human rights in agreements between the community and third countries', COM (95)216 final of 23 May 1995.
Communication from the Commission 'on the inclusion of respect for democratic principles and human rights in agreements between the community and third countries', COM (95)216 final of 23 May 1995.
The second part is included in the final dispositions of the agreement and creates the possibility of taking "appropriate measures" in the case of violation of an essential element.
The second part is included in the final dispositions of the agreement and creates the possibility of taking "appropriate measures" in the case of violation of an essential element.
This provision, which is called a "non-execution clause", refers again to the essential elements of the agreement.
This provision, which is called a "non-execution clause", refers again to the essential elements of the agreement.
This reference allows the contracting parties to suspend the agreement in line with the relevant provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
This reference allows the contracting parties to suspend the agreement in line with the relevant provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
The so called 'non-execution' clause reads as follows:
The so called 'non-execution' clause reads as follows:
"If either Party considers that the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligation under this Agreement, it may take appropriate measures.
"If either Party considers that the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligation under this Agreement, it may take appropriate measures.
Before so doing, except in cases of special urgency, it shall supply the Association Council with all relevant information required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to the Parties.
Before so doing, except in cases of special urgency, it shall supply the Association Council with all relevant information required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to seeking a solution acceptable to the Parties.
In the selection of measures, priority must be given to those which least disturb the functioning of this Agreement.
In the selection of measures, priority must be given to those which least disturb the functioning of this Agreement.
These measures shall be notified immediately to the Association Council and shall be the subject of consultations within the Association Council if the other Party so requests."
These measures shall be notified immediately to the Association Council and shall be the subject of consultations within the Association Council if the other Party so requests."
COM(95)216 final, 23 May 1995.
COM(95)216 final, 23 May 1995.
Often an interpretative declaration is added at the end of the agreement.
Often an interpretative declaration is added at the end of the agreement.
It provides that "cases of special urgency" means "cases of material breach of the agreement by one of the parties", and that a material breach consists of a violation of the essential elements of the agreement.
It provides that "cases of special urgency" means "cases of material breach of the agreement by one of the parties", and that a material breach consists of a violation of the essential elements of the agreement.
The inclusion of a clause in the main body of the agreements, and not just in the preamble or as a specific reference, making it a legally binding instrument, is a novelty.
The inclusion of a clause in the main body of the agreements, and not just in the preamble or as a specific reference, making it a legally binding instrument, is a novelty.
According to the Commission in its 1995 communication it "places the European Community in the vanguard of the international community's endeavours in this field."
According to the Commission in its 1995 communication it "places the European Community in the vanguard of the international community's endeavours in this field."
Unfortunately, ten years of practice, does not really generate the same optimism.
Unfortunately, ten years of practice, does not really generate the same optimism.
Origin and development of the human rights clause
Origin and development of the human rights clause
The human rights clause was first included in the 1989 Lomé IV Agreement and was followed by the cooperation agreement with Argentina, which entered into force in 1990.
The human rights clause was first included in the 1989 Lomé IV Agreement and was followed by the cooperation agreement with Argentina, which entered into force in 1990.
Flagrant human rights violations in countries bound to the EEC by virtue of an agreement had been of serious concern since the late 1970s.
Flagrant human rights violations in countries bound to the EEC by virtue of an agreement had been of serious concern since the late 1970s.
For example, aid to Uganda was suspended in response to the human rights violations committed by the government of Idi Amin, after the Council had issued a statement which came to be termed the Uganda Guidelines .
For example, aid to Uganda was suspended in response to the human rights violations committed by the government of Idi Amin, after the Council had issued a statement which came to be termed the Uganda Guidelines .
Characterised by a public condemnation of the situation and by the threat that steps could be taken within the framework of the agreement, they lacked any reference to a legal basis for taking these steps.
Characterised by a public condemnation of the situation and by the threat that steps could be taken within the framework of the agreement, they lacked any reference to a legal basis for taking these steps.
After a decade of attempts by the EEC, the ACP countries accepted to include a human rights clause in the body of the Lomé Convention.
After a decade of attempts by the EEC, the ACP countries accepted to include a human rights clause in the body of the Lomé Convention.
A precedent had been set.
A precedent had been set.
From the early 1990s, the need for consolidation of democracy in the Central and Eastern European states, as well as the perspectives of democratisation of a large part of the Latin American and the African continent, created a new political momentum, which provided the Commission with the opportunity for a major initiative on this matter.
From the early 1990s, the need for consolidation of democracy in the Central and Eastern European states, as well as the perspectives of democratisation of a large part of the Latin American and the African continent, created a new political momentum, which provided the Commission with the opportunity for a major initiative on this matter.
On March 25 1991 it adopted a "Communication on Human rights, Democracy and Development Co-operation
On March 25 1991 it adopted a "Communication on Human rights, Democracy and Development Co-operation
SEC (61)0091 ", soon followed by two Council resolutions, the first welcoming the communication and then, in November 1991, the Council gave a specific mandate for the inclusion of a human rights clause in agreement with third countries.
SEC (61)0091 ", soon followed by two Council resolutions, the first welcoming the communication and then, in November 1991, the Council gave a specific mandate for the inclusion of a human rights clause in agreement with third countries.
Resolution of the Council and of the Member States meeting in the Council on human rights, democracy and development, 28 November 1991, Bull.
Resolution of the Council and of the Member States meeting in the Council on human rights, democracy and development, 28 November 1991, Bull.
The resolution emphasised that a positive approach to human rights should receive high priority, systematic dialogue should be held and suspension and negative measures under the clause should be taken only as a last resort.
The resolution emphasised that a positive approach to human rights should receive high priority, systematic dialogue should be held and suspension and negative measures under the clause should be taken only as a last resort.
One year later, on 11 May 1992, the Council declared that respect for democratic principles formed an essential part of agreements between EC and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe countries.
One year later, on 11 May 1992, the Council declared that respect for democratic principles formed an essential part of agreements between EC and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe countries.
After this declaration EC agreements concluded in 1992 with the Baltic States and Albania did have a clause, the so called "Baltic clause", which allowed for immediate suspension in the case of violation of human rights.
After this declaration EC agreements concluded in 1992 with the Baltic States and Albania did have a clause, the so called "Baltic clause", which allowed for immediate suspension in the case of violation of human rights.
It was soon replaced by the "Bulgarian clause", which widened the scope of application and options for actions, providing for a political dialogue to be maintained and for a conciliation mechanism, rather than immediate suspension of the agreement.
It was soon replaced by the "Bulgarian clause", which widened the scope of application and options for actions, providing for a political dialogue to be maintained and for a conciliation mechanism, rather than immediate suspension of the agreement.
By issuing the Communication "on the inclusion of respect for human rights in agreements between the community and third countries" mentioned above on 23 of May 1995, and the Council taking note of this on 29 May, the inclusion of the clauses for new agreements became systematic.
By issuing the Communication "on the inclusion of respect for human rights in agreements between the community and third countries" mentioned above on 23 of May 1995, and the Council taking note of this on 29 May, the inclusion of the clauses for new agreements became systematic.
The communication also listed a range of measures to be considered in case of a breach, in Annex 2, such as:
The communication also listed a range of measures to be considered in case of a breach, in Annex 2, such as:
-alteration of the contents of cooperation programmes or channels used
-alteration of the contents of cooperation programmes or channels used
- reduction of cultural, scientific and technical cooperation programmes
- reduction of cultural, scientific and technical cooperation programmes
- postponement of a Joint Committee meeting
- postponement of a Joint Committee meeting
- suspension of high-level bilateral contacts
- suspension of high-level bilateral contacts
- postponement of new projects
- postponement of new projects
- refusal to follow up partners' initiatives
- refusal to follow up partners' initiatives
- trade embargoes
- trade embargoes
- suspension of arms sales
- suspension of arms sales
- suspension of military cooperation
- suspension of military cooperation
- suspension of cooperation.
- suspension of cooperation.
The model launched in the communication has then been the model for the clause introduced to agreements negotiated after 1995, but has been further developed in the Cotonou Agreement, signed with the ACP countries in 2000.
The model launched in the communication has then been the model for the clause introduced to agreements negotiated after 1995, but has been further developed in the Cotonou Agreement, signed with the ACP countries in 2000.
The human rights clause has been invoked in 12 cases since 1995 as the basis for consultations, suspension of aid or other measures, involving 10 ACP countries: Niger, Guinea Bissau, Central African Republic, Togo, Haiti, Comoros, Ivory Coast, Fiji, Liberia and Zimbabwe.
The human rights clause has been invoked in 12 cases since 1995 as the basis for consultations, suspension of aid or other measures, involving 10 ACP countries: Niger, Guinea Bissau, Central African Republic, Togo, Haiti, Comoros, Ivory Coast, Fiji, Liberia and Zimbabwe.
Commission Communication on Governance and Development, 20 October 2003, COM (2003) 615 final
Commission Communication on Governance and Development, 20 October 2003, COM (2003) 615 final