natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
14. zdůrazňuje, že každá poskytnutá rozpočtová podpora by měla být doprovázena politickým dialogem zaměřeným na zlepšení hospodaření s veřejnými finančními prostředky (PFM), který sníží riziko korupce a špatného hospodaření s finančními prostředky;
Stresses that the granting of budget aid must always be carefully preceded by fiduciary risk assessments on a case-by-case basis;
17. domnívá se, že za účelem získání přesnějších údajů o kvalitě správy věcí veřejných, které dané státy dosahují, by měly být vytvořeny specifické sociální ukazatele a vyzývá občanskou společnost, aby se ve větší míře v této oblasti angažovala;
Considers that specific social indicators should be devised for the purpose of obtaining more precise data on the quality of governance achieved by the countries in question and calls for civil society to be more extensively involved in this area;
25. vyzývá k dalšímu prosazování a podpoře „Iniciativy o transparentnosti v těžebním průmyslu”s cílem zajistit zveřejnění informací o platbách provedených mezi vládami rozvojových zemí a nadnárodními společnostmi;
Calls for further enforcement and commitment to the "Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative" in order to ensure the disclosure of information about payments between governments of developing countries and multinationals;
27. vyzývá Komisi a členské státy, aby zavedly mezinárodní systém černé listiny, který by zabránil bankám půjčovat velké finanční částky zkorumpovaným režimům nebo jednotlivcům zastupujícím vládu;
Urges the Commission and the Member States to establish an international system of blacklisting to prevent banks from lending large sums of money to corrupt regimes or individuals representing a government;
29. zdůrazňuje, že největší riziko korupce je v postupu zadávání veřejných zakázek, a v důsledku toho by měla být hlavní prioritou podpora transparentních pravidel a postupů;
Stresses that there are major corruption risks involved in public procurement procedures and that, consequently, transparent procurement rules and procedures should be promoted as a key priority;
Corruption is a common phenomenon that can manifest itself in various ways and in all levels of society, varying from bribing civil servants and theft of public resources to fraud and nepotism.
Corruption is a common phenomenon that can manifest itself in various ways and in all levels of society, varying from bribing civil servants and theft of public resources to fraud and nepotism.
Corruption imposes massive costs on countries, institutions and ordinary citizens.
Corruption imposes massive costs on countries, institutions and ordinary citizens.
It obstructs growth and creates a serious risk of marginalization in the global economy for countries with high levels of corruption.
It obstructs growth and creates a serious risk of marginalization in the global economy for countries with high levels of corruption.
The World Bank estimates that more than USD 1 trillion is paid in bribes every year worldwide.
The World Bank estimates that more than USD 1 trillion is paid in bribes every year worldwide.
The African Union estimates that corruption costs African economies more than USD 148 billion a year, representing 25 % of Africa's GDP.
The African Union estimates that corruption costs African economies more than USD 148 billion a year, representing 25 % of Africa's GDP.
The effects of corruption impose a disproportionately heavy burden on the poor since they are the most vulnerable and suffer most from restricted access to public goods and lower quality basic services.
The effects of corruption impose a disproportionately heavy burden on the poor since they are the most vulnerable and suffer most from restricted access to public goods and lower quality basic services.
As a result, corruption creates obstacles to development in third world countries.
As a result, corruption creates obstacles to development in third world countries.
It is understood that corruption can directly and indirectly affect the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals as budget resources in key MDG sectors leak away.
It is understood that corruption can directly and indirectly affect the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals as budget resources in key MDG sectors leak away.
Moreover, aid is also less effective in corrupt countries since substantial parts of the granted funds leak away.
Moreover, aid is also less effective in corrupt countries since substantial parts of the granted funds leak away.
Since corruption hinders aid effectiveness, there is a clear interest among international donors to help curb corruption in the countries where they spend their money.
Since corruption hinders aid effectiveness, there is a clear interest among international donors to help curb corruption in the countries where they spend their money.
The EU should make the fight against corruption a central element of its development policy, focussing on issues such as good governance, state capacity and public sector management.
The EU should make the fight against corruption a central element of its development policy, focussing on issues such as good governance, state capacity and public sector management.
This must also involve good risk management on the supply side, making sure aid is not spent in a weak governance environment where funds leak due to corruption.
This must also involve good risk management on the supply side, making sure aid is not spent in a weak governance environment where funds leak due to corruption.
Meanwhile, donors should put more confidence in countries that they find low on the corruption scale, and give them time to produce results.
Meanwhile, donors should put more confidence in countries that they find low on the corruption scale, and give them time to produce results.
Without a predictable flow of funds and the ability to use development assistance for recurring expenditure, such as salaries, governments will be cautious about hiring teachers or nurses and this will hamper their development.
Without a predictable flow of funds and the ability to use development assistance for recurring expenditure, such as salaries, governments will be cautious about hiring teachers or nurses and this will hamper their development.
Promotion of good governance
Promotion of good governance
Corruption is a by-product of weak governance.
Corruption is a by-product of weak governance.
As corruption often involves an important role for the state, it is sometimes defined as the abuse of public power for private benefit.
As corruption often involves an important role for the state, it is sometimes defined as the abuse of public power for private benefit.
Weak institutions and administrations with limited accountability often allow for the misuse of public goods by politicians or public officials.
Weak institutions and administrations with limited accountability often allow for the misuse of public goods by politicians or public officials.
Research has proven that countries improving control on corruption and rule of law can expect in the long run a four-fold increase in income per capita.
Research has proven that countries improving control on corruption and rule of law can expect in the long run a four-fold increase in income per capita.
Therefore curbing corruption is and should remain an important goal of policies aiming for "good governance" in developing countries.
Therefore curbing corruption is and should remain an important goal of policies aiming for "good governance" in developing countries.
The EU has identified good governance as an integral part of its long-term development strategy.
The EU has identified good governance as an integral part of its long-term development strategy.
Good governance evolves around the principles of accountability and transparency.
Good governance evolves around the principles of accountability and transparency.
Accountability means that there are rules, procedures and control mechanisms that make it possible to control what the government is doing with money that belongs to the people.
Accountability means that there are rules, procedures and control mechanisms that make it possible to control what the government is doing with money that belongs to the people.
Both state and non-state actors should be involved in this process.
Both state and non-state actors should be involved in this process.
Transparency is a vital component of accountability.
Transparency is a vital component of accountability.
If financial allocations are visible, it is more difficult to divert money into corrupt pockets.
If financial allocations are visible, it is more difficult to divert money into corrupt pockets.
Access to information is crucial for the robust democratic engagement of citizens in public affairs.
Access to information is crucial for the robust democratic engagement of citizens in public affairs.
This is based on the basic right to receive public information and helps in building effective monitoring structures by civil society organisations.
This is based on the basic right to receive public information and helps in building effective monitoring structures by civil society organisations.
Budget tracking
Budget tracking
Budget transparency is one of the most critical areas where good governance can be promoted by better access to information.
Budget transparency is one of the most critical areas where good governance can be promoted by better access to information.
Citizens have the right to information about how budgets are spent.
Citizens have the right to information about how budgets are spent.
This is particularly important when it comes to large revenue items, such as the amounts received from international donors delivered as budget support.
This is particularly important when it comes to large revenue items, such as the amounts received from international donors delivered as budget support.
Public and legislative scrutiny is often not very efficient because of a lack of information.
Public and legislative scrutiny is often not very efficient because of a lack of information.
It is important that the established objectives and policy priorities are reflected in annual budgets.
It is important that the established objectives and policy priorities are reflected in annual budgets.
Budget transparency is needed to check the sectors that were supposed to receive the money.
Budget transparency is needed to check the sectors that were supposed to receive the money.
In some countries only parts of the budget are public and other parts, such as military expenditure, are not public.
In some countries only parts of the budget are public and other parts, such as military expenditure, are not public.
This should never be the case: donors, national parliaments and civil society should always have sight of the full budget.
This should never be the case: donors, national parliaments and civil society should always have sight of the full budget.
Budget tracking can and should be executed by both national parliaments and civil society.
Budget tracking can and should be executed by both national parliaments and civil society.
A specific tool that is often used to examine the flow of funds and materials from governments to destinations like schools and health centres are Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS).
A specific tool that is often used to examine the flow of funds and materials from governments to destinations like schools and health centres are Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS).
PETS can help identify potential corruption zones, monitor the fight against corruption and empower stakeholders.
PETS can help identify potential corruption zones, monitor the fight against corruption and empower stakeholders.
The EU should support the development of PETS and the training of its users.
The EU should support the development of PETS and the training of its users.
The role of parliaments
The role of parliaments
Parliaments, in discharging the functions provided for in national constitutions, overseeing the government and representing the people, are important stakeholders in the fight against corruption.
Parliaments, in discharging the functions provided for in national constitutions, overseeing the government and representing the people, are important stakeholders in the fight against corruption.
Parliaments play a significant role in advancing reforms in public finance management but low levels of training of legislators in many countries limit their ability to perform efficiently.
Parliaments play a significant role in advancing reforms in public finance management but low levels of training of legislators in many countries limit their ability to perform efficiently.
Since national parliaments are often sidelined in good governance programmes they merit more attention from international donors.
Since national parliaments are often sidelined in good governance programmes they merit more attention from international donors.
In particular, capacity development in national parliaments should consist of:
In particular, capacity development in national parliaments should consist of:
a) Supporting national parliaments in instituting or reinforcing mechanisms within parliament for bringing government to account;
a) Supporting national parliaments in instituting or reinforcing mechanisms within parliament for bringing government to account;
c) Help building up budget literacy - developing the skills to adequately assess and evaluate the budget during the budgetary cycle;
c) Help building up budget literacy - developing the skills to adequately assess and evaluate the budget during the budgetary cycle;
d) Help national parliaments to create public awareness by introducing civic education in school curricula and by setting up public awareness campaigns.
d) Help national parliaments to create public awareness by introducing civic education in school curricula and by setting up public awareness campaigns.
There is evidence that corruption falls as the proportion of parliamentary seats held by women rises.
There is evidence that corruption falls as the proportion of parliamentary seats held by women rises.
Closing the gender gap is thus another instrument that could reduce corruption.
Closing the gender gap is thus another instrument that could reduce corruption.
Countries that adopt specific measures to develop women's skills and protect their rights are better off.
Countries that adopt specific measures to develop women's skills and protect their rights are better off.
According to the World Bank, when women have access to resources and schooling, less corruption and faster economic growth is achieved.
According to the World Bank, when women have access to resources and schooling, less corruption and faster economic growth is achieved.
The EU should therefore support the involvement of more women in politics.
The EU should therefore support the involvement of more women in politics.
Civil society watchdogs
Civil society watchdogs
Public pressure and a general intolerance of corruption in a society are essential in the fight against corruption.
Public pressure and a general intolerance of corruption in a society are essential in the fight against corruption.
Public feedback, organised through civil society, can be a powerful tool to make social services more responsive and accountable.
Public feedback, organised through civil society, can be a powerful tool to make social services more responsive and accountable.
For civil society to fulfil this role it is essential to raise public awareness, educate people and make sure that structures are in place so that these civil society watchdogs can actually do their work.
For civil society to fulfil this role it is essential to raise public awareness, educate people and make sure that structures are in place so that these civil society watchdogs can actually do their work.
Across the world there are many examples of organisations that are effectively monitoring their governments and attempting to hold them to account.
Across the world there are many examples of organisations that are effectively monitoring their governments and attempting to hold them to account.
The Publish What You Pay-campaign of hundreds of NGOs focuses on the disclosing of payments of multinationals to governments in the natural resources sector.
The Publish What You Pay-campaign of hundreds of NGOs focuses on the disclosing of payments of multinationals to governments in the natural resources sector.
Good governance policies and especially policies aimed at reforming public finance management should support the development and strengthening of these organisations.
Good governance policies and especially policies aimed at reforming public finance management should support the development and strengthening of these organisations.
Budget support
Budget support
There is a growing tendency for the EU to give developing countries budgetary aid - money that goes directly into the national coffers of recipient countries - instead of investing in a large number of smaller development projects.
There is a growing tendency for the EU to give developing countries budgetary aid - money that goes directly into the national coffers of recipient countries - instead of investing in a large number of smaller development projects.
EU budget support, which grew from 14% in 2001 to around 30% in 2004, is considered a useful aid modality in a strategy focusing on improving public financial management for the whole budget.
EU budget support, which grew from 14% in 2001 to around 30% in 2004, is considered a useful aid modality in a strategy focusing on improving public financial management for the whole budget.
However, budget support also involves serious risks because of its lack of transparency and the possible opening for corrupt activities.
However, budget support also involves serious risks because of its lack of transparency and the possible opening for corrupt activities.
Budget support works very well when institutions are good but corruption moderates the impact of budget support on growth and poverty.
Budget support works very well when institutions are good but corruption moderates the impact of budget support on growth and poverty.
Therefore, before budget support is given, an analysis of the macro-economic and financial situation of the country is made.
Therefore, before budget support is given, an analysis of the macro-economic and financial situation of the country is made.
Improvement in the quality and effectiveness of public expenditure is one of the most important criteria for the decision to grant budget support.
Improvement in the quality and effectiveness of public expenditure is one of the most important criteria for the decision to grant budget support.
Budget support should only be granted to a government if it is diagnosed as improving its PFM.
Budget support should only be granted to a government if it is diagnosed as improving its PFM.
Even if institutions work well, care should be taken when providing aid directly to national budgets.
Even if institutions work well, care should be taken when providing aid directly to national budgets.
The Court of Auditors has recently concluded that the European Commission's current budget aid programmes do not adequately take into account the problems related to corruption.
The Court of Auditors has recently concluded that the European Commission's current budget aid programmes do not adequately take into account the problems related to corruption.
Special Report No 2/2005, concerning EDF budget aid to ACP countries: the Commission's management of the public finance ref.
Special Report No 2/2005, concerning EDF budget aid to ACP countries: the Commission's management of the public finance ref.
Corruption should be analysed in all fiduciary risk assessments and the European Commission should maintain involvement in the implementation of budget support either through ex-ante or ex-post control and audit.
Corruption should be analysed in all fiduciary risk assessments and the European Commission should maintain involvement in the implementation of budget support either through ex-ante or ex-post control and audit.
In order to further reduce risks, budget support should always take the form of sector specific budget aid that earmarks money for a specific sector in which the funding should be spent.
In order to further reduce risks, budget support should always take the form of sector specific budget aid that earmarks money for a specific sector in which the funding should be spent.
The effectiveness of budget aid is measured by performance indicators.
The effectiveness of budget aid is measured by performance indicators.
These indicators often focus mainly on the correct management of public funds, and do not pay enough attention to the pro-poor outcome.
These indicators often focus mainly on the correct management of public funds, and do not pay enough attention to the pro-poor outcome.
From a development point of view it is better to use poverty-related targets that directly measure the outcome of, for example, policies in the education and health sector forcing governments to focus on a policy outcome instead of budgetary input and output.
From a development point of view it is better to use poverty-related targets that directly measure the outcome of, for example, policies in the education and health sector forcing governments to focus on a policy outcome instead of budgetary input and output.
Details on the grounds, definition, calculation method and sources of information for each indicator should systematically be included when applying these indicators.
Details on the grounds, definition, calculation method and sources of information for each indicator should systematically be included when applying these indicators.
As was discussed above, monitoring by civil society is vital in the process of budget support.
As was discussed above, monitoring by civil society is vital in the process of budget support.
These groups need to have access to the resources of information and better knowledge of macro-economic mechanisms.
These groups need to have access to the resources of information and better knowledge of macro-economic mechanisms.
Its therefore necessary that a percentage of 0.5 % of the granted budget support should be reserved exclusively for civil society watchdogs.
Its therefore necessary that a percentage of 0.5 % of the granted budget support should be reserved exclusively for civil society watchdogs.
What the international community can do
What the international community can do
The two most important conventions on the fight against corruption are the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (1999) and The UN Convention against Corruption (2003).
The two most important conventions on the fight against corruption are the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (1999) and The UN Convention against Corruption (2003).
The OECD Convention has been ratified by most EU Member States, except for Malta, Lithuania and Latvia.
The OECD Convention has been ratified by most EU Member States, except for Malta, Lithuania and Latvia.
These Member States should be pressed to sign the convention.
These Member States should be pressed to sign the convention.
The UN Convention has, at the time of writing, only been ratified by Hungary and France.
The UN Convention has, at the time of writing, only been ratified by Hungary and France.
The Convention should be ratified by all other EU Member States as soon as possible.
The Convention should be ratified by all other EU Member States as soon as possible.
The international community as a whole, and the EU in particular, should work towards better enforcement of these conventions.
The international community as a whole, and the EU in particular, should work towards better enforcement of these conventions.
Another important issue is transparent cooperation with other donors such as the World Bank and the IMF.
Another important issue is transparent cooperation with other donors such as the World Bank and the IMF.