natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
- zrušit všechna ustanovení trestního práva, která nejsou slučitelná s právem Společenství (rozsudek ze dne 19. ledna 1999 ve věci C-348/96, Donatella Calfa, bod 17: „Pokud trestněprávní legislativa v zásadě spadá do pravomoci členských států, z ustálené judikatury vyplývá, že právní předpisy Společenství vyžadují omezení této pravomoci a tato legislativa nemůže ve skutečnosti omezovat základní svobody zaručené právem Společenství“
- to rescind any provision of criminal law that is incompatible with Community law (judgment of 19 January 1999 in Case C-348/96, Donatella Calfa, point 17: ‘Although in principle criminal legislation is a matter for which the Member States are responsible, the Court has consistently held that Community law sets certain limits to their power, and such legislation may not restrict the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by Community law’
- stanovit v případě potřeby „účinné, přiměřené a odrazující“ sankce, včetně sankcí trestněprávní povahy, za účelem provádění právních předpisů Společenství (rozsudek ze dne 21. září 1989 ve věci 68/88 Komise/Řecko
- to provide for ‘effective, proportionate and dissuasive’ penalties, including criminal ones where necessary, to enforce Community law (judgment of 21 September 1989 in Case 68/88, Commission/Greece
Sbírka rozhodnutí 1999, s. I-6207. ; rozsudek ze dne 28. ledna 1999 ve věci C-77/97, Unilever, bod 36: „… ustanovení, která ... mají členské státy přijmout, aby se vyhnuly … musejí stanovit, že taková podoba reklamy představuje přestupek, především trestního charakteru, spolu se sankcemi odrazujícího účinku“
I-6207. ; judgment of 28 January 1999 in Case C-77/97, Unilever, point 36: ‘(…) the measures which the Member States are required to take (…) in order to prevent (…) must provide that such advertisements constitute a breach of the law and, in particular, a criminal offence punishable by penalties having a deterrent effect’
E. vzhledem k tomu, že judikaturou Soudního dvora bylo především vytvořeno základní vysvětlení použitelných právních základů prvního a třetího pilíře, zatímco příslušnost evropského zákonodárce v trestních věcech, a také v trestním právu procesním, se zásadně popírá,
E. whereas the case-law of the Court of Justice primarily served to clarify which legal bases applied under the first and the third pillar while establishing that, as a general principle, the European legislature had no competence in relation to criminal matters or criminal procedural law,
F. zejména vzhledem k výše zmíněné rozsudku Soudního dvora, který sice vyloučil obecnou pravomoc Evropského společenství v trestněprávní oblasti, ale na druhé straně potvrdil, že tato skutečnost nemůže zákonodárci Společenství zabránit – pokud použití účinných, přiměřených a odrazujících trestních sankcí příslušnými vnitrostátními orgány představuje nezbytné opatření pro boj proti vážným zásahům do životního prostředí –přijmout taková opatření vztahující se k trestnímu právu členských států, která považuje za nezbytná pro zajištění plné účinnosti norem, které vydal v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí,
F. whereas, in particular, in the abovementioned judgment, the Court of Justice, while finding that, as a general rule, criminal matters did not fall within the Community's competence, stated that that did not prevent the Community legislature, when the application of effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal penalties by the competent national authorities was an essential measure for combating serious environmental offences, from taking measures which related to the criminal law of the Member States which it considered necessary in order to ensure that the rules which it laid down on environmental protection were fully effective,
G. vzhledem k tomu, že podle ustálené judikatury Společenství je ke správnému určení právního základu aktu Společenství zapotřebí vzít v potaz rozsah působnosti a obsah daného aktu a že tedy podle ustanovení článku 29 Smlouvy o EU a článků následujících jsou akty přijaté podle hlavy VI Smlouvy o EU protiprávní, pokud by s ohledem na jejich rozsah působnosti a obsah mohly vycházet ze Smlouvy o ES,
G. whereas, in accordance with settled case law , to ensure that a Community act is adopted on the correct legal basis, the aim and content of the act itself must be taken into account and consequently, pursuant to Articles 29 et seq. of the EU Treaty, acts adopted under Title VI of the EU Treaty are unlawful if, by virtue of their aim and content, they could have been based on the EC Treaty instead,
H. vzhledem k tomu, že předmět rozsudku Soudního dvora se omezuje na trestní věci týkající se ochrany životního prostředí, která je jedním z hlavních úkolů Společenství uvedeným v článcích 2 a 3 Smlouvy o ES,
H. whereas the subject of the judgment of the Court of Justice is limited to criminal matters relating to protection of the environment, which is one of the main tasks of the Community, as specified in Articles 2 and 3 of the EC Treaty,
I. vzhledem k tomu, že záměrem výše zmíněného sdělení Evropské komise bylo rozšířit závěry Soudního dvora a zachovat nezákonnost trestněprávních ustanovení přijatých v rámci hlavy VI Smlouvy o EU i ve vztahu k jiným oblastem, jež jsou v pravomoci Společenství, než pouze v oblasti související s politikou životního prostředí,
I. whereas, in the abovementioned communication, the Commission sought to extend the conclusions of the Court of Justice, regarding as unlawful criminal provisions adopted under Title VI of the EU Treaty which related to other areas of Community competence also, and not just those relating to environmental policy,
J. vzhledem k tomu, že široká interpretace dosahu rozsudku se nezdá být automatická,
J. whereas there appear to be no grounds for an automatic presumption in favour of a broad interpretation of the judgment,
K. vzhledem k tomu, že podle Komise mohou stávající právní předpisy obsahovat akty vycházející z hlavy VI Smlouvy o EU, jejichž právní základ je v kontextu zmíněného rozsudku Soudního dvora, jak jej zeširoka interpretuje sama Komise, třeba pokládat za nesprávný,
K whereas furthermore, according to the Commission, current legislation may include acts based on Title VI of the EU Treaty whose legal basis should be regarded as incorrect in the light of the abovementioned judgment of the Court of Justice, according to the broad interpretation of that judgment adopted by the Commission,
L. vzhledem k tomu, že s cílem zabránit zrušení daného právního předpisu a zabezpečit právní jistotu Komise navrhuje, že by platné právní předpisy a zatím neukončené iniciativy různými zásahy upravila,
L. whereas, in order to avert the need to annul the legislation in question and in order to ensure legal certainty, the Commission proposes to take various measures in relation to existing legislation and pending proposals,
M. vzhledem k významu, jaký má otázka právoplatného začleňování trestněprávních ustanovení do právních předpisů přijímaných na základě prvního pilíře EU, což by představovalo další fázi vývoje práva Společenství,
M. having regard to the importance of the question of the legitimacy of including criminal provisions in legislation adopted under the first pillar of the EU, as a further stage in the development of Community law,
N. vzhledem k úloze Parlamentu, jemuž se jako zákonodárnému orgánu dostává výsady být demokraticky volen a zastupovat evropské národy a jenž působí – společně s ostatními evropskými institucemi – jako hybná síla tohoto vývoje,
N having regard to Parliament's role as the legislative body invested with democratic authority as the representative of the peoples of Europe and, together with the other European institutions, the driving force behind the development of Community law,
1. vítá zmíněný rozsudek Soudního dvora proto, že tímto vysvětlil, že ke správnému určení právního základu aktu je zapotřebí zohlednit oblast působnosti a obsah daného právního aktu samotného, a tudíž zrušil rámcové rozhodnutí o ochraně životního prostředí, které mylně vycházelo ze třetího pilíře, a nikoliv z prvního;
Welcomes the abovementioned judgment of the Court of Justice, which made it clear that the legal basis on which acts are adopted must be selected by reference to the aim and content of the act itself, and consequently annulled a framework decision on environmental protection which had been mistakenly adopted under the third, rather than the first, pillar;
5. domnívá se, že evropský zákonodárce musí omezit uplatňování platných trestních sankcí pouze na případy, ve kterých je to nevyhnutelné a potřebné pro ochranu:
Takes the view that the European legislator must restrict the application of criminal sanctions to cases where they are essential and necessary for the protection:
- práv a svobod občanů a jiných osob (jako např. boj proti obchodování s lidmi a boj proti rasistickému nebo silně diskriminačnímu zacházení),
- of the rights and freedoms of citizens and other persons (for example in the fight against trafficking in human beings and the fight against racist or seriously discriminatory conduct),
- hlavních zájmů Evropské unie, včetně finančních zájmů nebo boje proti padělání eura;
- of the essential interests of the European Union, including its financial interests and the fight against counterfeiting of the euro;
8. vyzývá Komisi k přezkoumání aktů, které si sama určí, a to spíše jeden po druhém než všeobecně a bez rozlišení, aby tak zajistila, že právní základ, jenž se bude na dotčený případ uplatňovat, prošel podrobným rozborem a byl správně stanoven;
Calls on the Commission to review the acts it has specified on a case-by-case basis, instead of adopting an undifferentiated, across-the-board approach, in order to ensure that, after careful consideration, the correct legal basis is chosen in each individual case;
10. připomíná Komisi, že přezkoumávání platných legislativních aktů z její strany a z něj vyplývající předkládání případných návrhů na opravy právních základů při současném zachování jejich podstaty nesmí vést k tomu, že Parlament bude zbaven své oprávněné úlohy spoluzákonodárce a že mu bude upřen demokratický přínos k budování Evropy, přestože je volenou komorou zastupující občany;
10 Reminds the Commission that reviewing the legislation in force, and possibly submitting proposals designed to rectify the legal basis while leaving the substance of the legislation unchanged, must not involve depriving Parliament of its inalienable role as co-legislator and thus sacrificing the democratic input provided by Parliament, the elected body representing European citizens, in the process of European integration;
13. sdílí názor Komise, podle kterého musí být každé využití trestněprávních ustanovení odůvodněno tím, že musí být zvýšena účinnost nejisté politiky Společenství a zachována koherence všech soustav trestního práva; je toho názoru, že totiž zodpovědnost za řádné užívání práva Společenství mají členské státy;
Shares the Commission's view that any recourse to measures relating to the criminal law must be motivated by the need to give effect to the Community policy in question and must respect the internal consistency of the criminal law; considers that, as a general principle, it is the Member States which are responsible for the due application of Community law;
17. souhlasí s Komisí v tom, že horizontální trestněprávní ustanovení, jejichž cílem je podpora soudní a policejní spolupráce členských států, a rovněž opatření harmonizace trestního práva v rámci prostoru svobody, bezpečnosti a spravedlnosti v každém případě vycházejí z hlavy VI Smlouvy o EU;
Agrees with the Commission that, in any event, ‘horizontal’ criminal law provisions designed to promote judicial and police cooperation between Member States, and measures to harmonise criminal law in the context of the area of freedom, security and justice, must be based on Title VI of the EU Treaty;
Come costantemente riconosciuto dalla Corte di giustizia (v., per esempio, sentenza 11 novembre 1981, causa 203/80, Casati , punto 27, e 16 giugno 1998, causa C‑226/97, Lemmens , Racc., punto 19), la legislazione penale, così come le norme di procedura penale, non rientrano, in via di principio, nella competenza della Comunità europea (cd. primo pilastro), e ciò perchè manca l’esplicita attribuzione di una competenza generale in tale materia.
As the Court of Justice has consistently acknowledged (in, for example, its judgment of 11 November 1981, in Case 203/80, Casati , point 27, and its judgment of 16 June 1998, Case C-226/97, Lemmens , Reports, point 19), criminal law and procedure do not, as a general rule, fall within the province of the European Community (i.e. 'under the first pillar'), because there has been no explicit transferral of general competence in criminal matters.
Muovendo da tale base giuridica, con decisione quadro 2003/80/GAI del 27 gennaio 2003, relativa alla protezione dell’ambiente attraverso il diritto penale, il Consiglio ha imposto agli Stati membri l’obbligo di incriminare alcuni comportamenti gravemente pericolosi per l’ambiente.
On the basis of that legal basis, in its framework decision 2003/80/JHA of 27 January 2003 on the protection of the environment through criminal law, the Council imposed on Member States the obligation to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law certain conduct which is extremely dangerous for the environment.
La sentenza della Corte di giustizia del 13 settembre 2005
The judgment of the Court of Justice of 13 September 2005
In questo senso, la decisione quadro impugnata, avendo per scopo e contenuto principali la protezione dell’ambiente, avrebbe dovuto essere fondata sull’art.
Furthermore, the Court considered that it was necessary to take the purpose and content of the measure into account when deciding on the correct legal basis for a Community act.
175 TCE (primo pilastro) e non sul Titolo VI TUE (terzo pilastro) (punto 51).
It follows that the framework decision in question, whose principal aim and content related to environmental protection, should have been adopted on the basis of Article 175 TEC (the 'first pillar') rather than Title VI TEU (the 'third pillar') (point 51).
Alla luce di quanto sopra, la Corte ha accolto il ricorso della Commissione e ha annullato la decisione quadro.
The Court, accordingly, accepted the Commission’s argument and annulled the framework decision.
La posizione della Commissione europea
The Commission therefore adopted a communication
La Commissione europea ha quindi adottato una comunicazione nella quale si spinge fino in fondo il ragionamento della Corte di giustizia e si prospetta la legittimità di interventi normativi in materia penale nell’ambito del primo pilastro ed in relazione ad ogni area di competenza comunitaria potenzialmente interessata.
Communication of the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implications of the Court’s judgment of 13 September 2005, COM(2005)0583 . which follows the Court's line of reasoning and considers the legality of legislation relating to criminal matters adopted under the first pillar in every area of Community competence which might be involved.
A giudizio della Commissione, la distribuzione delle competenze fra primo e terzo pilastro dovrebbe essere la seguente: le disposizioni di diritto penale necessarie ad assicurare l’effettività del diritto comunitario appartengono al primo pilastro, mentre le disposizioni “orizzontali” di diritto penale (cooperazione di polizia e giudiziaria; misure di armonizzazione nel quadro dello spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia) appartengono al terzo pilastro.
In the Commission’s opinion, the distribution of powers between the first and the first pillar should be as follows: the provisions of criminal law required ‘for the effective implementation of Community law’ should be adopted under the first pillar, while 'horizontal' criminal law provisions (to encourage police and judicial cooperation, including measures on the harmonisation of criminal law in the context of the area of freedom, security and justice) should be adopted under the third pillar.
La Commissione si impegna pertanto:
The Commission undertakes, therefore:
· se il termine per richiedere l’annullamento non è già trascorso, ad impugnare quegli atti normativi che sono stati adottati in virtù di una base giuridica erronea
• where the deadline for introducing an appeal for annulment has not yet passed, to challenge any legislative act adopted on the wrong legal basis
Per esempio, la decisione quadro 2005/667/JAI del Consiglio del 12 luglio 2005, finalizzata a rafforzare il quadro penale della repressione dell’inquinamento provocato dalle navi. ;
For example, Council framework decision 2005/667/JHA of 12 July 2005 to strengthen the criminal law framework for the enforcement of the law against ship-source pollution. ;
· se il termine di impugnazione è già trascorso, a riesaminare gli atti normativi vigenti, presentando eventualmente proposte dirette a correggerne la base giuridica, lasciandone al tempo stesso inalterata la sostanza.
• where the deadline for appealing has passed, to review the legislation in force, and possibly to submit proposals aimed at rectifying the legal basis without altering the substance of the legislation.
A tal fine, sarà indispensabile il previo accordo del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio;
This would only be possible with the prior agreement of the European Parliament and the Council;
· se per una iniziativa legislativa sia ancora pendente la procedura di approvazione, ad apportarvi le modifiche necessarie
• in the case of legislative proposals which have not yet been adopted, to make the necessary changes to them.
La Commissione conclude la sua comunicazione con una lista dei testi normativi che ritiene interessati dalla riferita sentenza della Corte e propone per ciascuno di essi una nuova base giuridica fondata sul primo pilastro, anziché sul terzo.
The Commission concludes its communication with the list of the texts which, in its opinion, are affected by the Court’s judgment in Case C-176/03, proposing in each case a new legal basis under the first pillar rather than the third pillar.
La posizione del Relatore
The rapporteur’s position
In linea di principio, la posizione espressa dalla Corte di giustizia, così come reinterpretata dalla Commissione europea, è pienamente condivisibile perché fa propria la posizione già espressa dal Parlamento europeo nella sua risoluzione sulle basi giuridiche e il rispetto del diritto comunitario (Relazione Koukiadis)
As a general principle, the position taken by the Court of Justice, as re-interpreted by the Commission, is to be welcomed as it endorses the position already taken by the European Parliament in its resolution on legal bases and compliance with Community law (Koukiadis report)
Risoluzione del Parlamento europeo sulle basi giuridiche e il rispetto del diritto comunitario ( 2001/2151(INI) ), in GUUE C 076 del 25 marzo 2004. e attribuisce pertanto al Parlamento europeo il potere di codecisione anche in quest’ambito.
Resolution of the European Parliament on legal bases and compliance with Community law ( 2001/2151(INI) ), OJ C 76E of 25.3.2004 and consequently gives the European Parliament the power of codecision in this area also.
Si garantisce così la legittimità e la democraticità dell’azione comunitaria in materia penale.
The legitimacy and democratic accountability of Community action in criminal matters is thereby guaranteed.
Si prospetta allora la necessità di un approfondimento delle motivazioni e delle ricadute di un simile avanzamento dell’integrazione europea, e ciò anche per dare solidità alla posizione della Commissione europea.
We should, therefore, look more closely into the grounds for, and implications of, this latest development in the process of European integration, partly to strengthen the Commission’s position.
In particolare, appare opportuno valutare attentamente la possibilità stessa di trasferire le conclusioni della Corte di giustizia ad altri settori, diversi da quello della protezione dell’ambiente, nonché definire meglio gli elementi di necessità e di coerenza che permetterebbero tale trasferimento.
In particular, we should carefully consider the possibility of extending the conclusions of the Court of Justice to other fields in addition to environmental protection, and define more accurately the grounds of 'necessity and consistency' on which any such extension of the Court’s conclusions should be based.
In effetti, un punto particolarmente problematico è dato dal fatto che la sentenza della Corte consente di considerare annullato solo l’atto che è stato impugnato dalla Commissione e non altri.
One awkward fact is that the Court’s judgment annuls only the act challenged by the Commission, and no other.
In quest’ottica, la sostituzione di altri atti approvati sulla base del terzo pilastro con atti approvati sulla base del primo è un’operazione che può dare adito a qualche perplessità, specialmente se si considera che sarebbe preferibile un’apposita revisione dei Trattati.
That being so, the replacement of other acts adopted under the third pillar by acts adopted under the first pillar could be problematic, particularly if one takes the view that it would be preferable to revise the treaties accordingly.
Parimenti, desta qualche perplessità il fatto che sostituire la base giuridica della legislazione vigente, senza intaccarne la sostanza, come propone la Commissione europea, significa in realtà privare il Parlamento europeo del suo potere di codecisione.
A further problem arises from the fact that replacing the legal basis of legislation in force without affecting its substance, as proposed by the Commission, in effect means depriving the European Parliament of its power of codecision.
E’ difficile accettare questa conclusione, dal momento che ricorrere alle basi giuridiche del primo pilastro significa ricorrere al controllo democratico che il Parlamento europeo, quale camera elettiva e rappresentativa dei cittadini, esercita in quell’ambito.
It is difficult to accept such an outcome, given that opting for the legal bases available under the first pillar implies opting for the democratic oversight which the European Parliament, as the elected body representing Europe’s citizens, exercises in that domain.
Appare quindi difficilmente conciliabile voler invocare il primo pilastro e allo stesso tempo chiedere al Parlamento europeo di rinunciare al ruolo che gli è proprio.
It appears somewhat inconsistent, therefore, to seek to invoke the first pillar while at the same time requesting the European Parliament to abdicate its role.
Un ulteriore punto di riflessione riguarda la distribuzione delle disposizioni penali tra primo e terzo pilastro.
The distribution of criminal provisions between the first and the third pillar also requires closer consideration.
Qui sembra condivisibile la posizione espressa dalla Commissione secondo cui le disposizioni di diritto penale necessarie ad assicurare l’effettività del diritto comunitario appartengono al primo pilastro, mentre le disposizioni “orizzontali” finalizzate a favorire la cooperazione di polizia e giudiziaria, nonché le misure di armonizzazione nel quadro dello spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia, appartengono al terzo pilastro.
Here it would seem to be appropriate to endorse the Commission’s view that the provisions of criminal law required for the effective implementation of Community law are fall within the scope of the first pillar, while ‘horizontal’ provisions aimed at encouraging police and judicial cooperation, and harmonisation measures in connection with the area of freedom, security and justice, should be adopted under the third pillar.
Occorrerebbe comunque considerare la necessità di stabilire una volta per tutte se le disposizioni penali eventualmente adottate nell’ambito del primo pilastro devono limitarsi alla incriminazione di una condotta o possono arrivare a definire il tipo ed il livello delle sanzioni.
However, it would be helpful to consider whether it is necessary to establish, once and for all, whether provisions relating to criminal matters adopted under the first pillar should be confined to establishing that a given type of conduct constitutes a criminal offence, or if they may actually specify the type and severity of the penalties to be imposed.