natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
32. znovu zdůrazňuje, že úspěšné ukončení jednání musí vyústit v dosažení konkrétních rozvojových výhod ve všech oblastech jednání zejména v zájmu nejméně rozvinutých zemí a musí přispět k dosažení rozvojových cílů tisíciletí do roku 2015, vymýcení chudoby, lepšího přístupu rozvojových zemí na trhy a ekonomickou diverzifikaci rozvojových zemí, přičemž nesmí oslabit nezranitelnější hospodářská odvětví těchto zemí;
Reiterates that a successful conclusion of the negotiations must deliver on the commitment towards concrete development benefits in all negotiating areas, notably in the interest of the LDCs, and must contribute to achieving the 2015 Millennium Development Goals, the eradication of poverty, fairer distribution of the benefits of globalisation, better market access for developing countries and the economic diversification of developing countries, and that they must not weaken the most fragile economic sectors in those countries;
34. .lituje pomalého postupu prací v důležité otázce eroze preferencí; domnívá se, že toto kolo jednání by se mělo rovněž zabývat řešením problémů eroze obchodních preferencí a snižujících se cen komodit; vyzývá Komisi, aby přispěla k nalezení možných řešení;
Regrets the slow progress of work on the important issue of preference erosion; considers that the problems of the erosion of trade preferences and falling commodity prices should also be addressed in this Round; calls on the Commission to contribute positively to the identification of possible solutions;
38. vítá rozhodnutí generální rady WTO ze dne 6. prosince 2005 o dodatku k dohodě TRIPS, jehož cílem je usnadnění přístupu k lékům v rozvojových zemích;
Welcomes the decision of the General Council of the WTO of 6 December 2005 on an amendment of the TRIPs Agreement aimed at improving access to medicines for developing countries;
42. vyzývá k posílení kázně v oblasti antidumpingu a dalších pravidel, aby se zabránilo nekalým únikům k obchodu se zbraněmi, a zároveň k zachování legitimního využívání a účinnosti těchto nástrojů;
Calls for strengthened discipline with regard to anti-dumping and other rules issues in order to prevent abusive recourse to trade defence instruments while preserving the legitimate use and effectiveness of these instruments;
48. podporuje jednání o zlepšení účinnosti a transparentnosti mechanismů urovnávání sporů s cílem mimo jiné zlepšit pravidla pro složení porot, řešení otázky „posloupnosti“, podpory režimů pro kompenzace, posilování práv třetích stran, přiznání odvolacímu orgánu pravomoc vracet kauzy k opětovnému projednání a zlepšení dostupnosti pro rozvojové země;
Supports negotiations on the improvement of the dispute settlement mechanism towards enhanced effectiveness and transparency aiming inter alia at improving rules and procedures for panel composition, addressing the ‘sequencing’ issue, encouraging compensation arrangements, enhancing third parties’ rights, granting remand authority to the Appellate Body, and the facilitation of access by developing countries;
50. navrhuje vyjednavačům EU v rámci WTO, aby začali pracovat na stanovení postoje EU, pokud jde o energie, který by zavedl vyšší zabezpečení dodávek a silnější tržní síly v oblasti energie, včetně průmyslových aplikací v oblasti energetiky, usnadnění investic do rozvojových zemí a eliminace dvojích cen a dalších forem omezování vývozu nebo zdaňování, které ohrožují přežití mnoha průmyslových odvětví EU;
Proposes to the EU negotiators in the context of the WTO, to start formulating an EU position on energy that introduces greater security of supply and stronger market forces in the field of energy, which covers industrial applications in the field of energy, facilitating investment in developing countries and eliminating dual pricing and other forms of export restrictions or taxes that threaten the survival of many EU industries;
52. navrhuje, aby se na prognostickou ekonomickou a sociální činnost kladl důraz, aby byla měřitelná, kvantitativně i kvalitativně, hospodářské a sociální dopady vývoje vyplývají z dohod o mezinárodním obchodu; bere v úvahu, že tato pomoc podle rozhodnutí je nezbytná jak na pomoc jednání, tak pro předjímání hospodářských změn vycházejících z dohod, které se mohou dotýkat členských států a dotčených hospodářských odvětví;
Suggests that emphasis be placed on economic and social forecasting with a view to measuring, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the economic and social impact of the developments resulting from international trade agreements; takes the view that this aid to decision-making is essential both to help negotiation and to anticipate economic consequences of the agreements that may affect the Member States and economic sectors concerned;
56. vyjadřuje ochotu podpořit pozitivním způsobem jednání prostřednictvím různých kontaktů, které mají poslanci Parlamentu se svými protějšky ze zemí, se kterými EU sdílí společné zájmy ;
States its willingness to contribute positively to the negotiating process through the various contacts its Members have with their counterparts from countries with which the EU shares common interests;
59. pověřuje svého předsedu, aby předal toto usnesení Radě a Komisi a parlamentům členských států, přistupujícím a kandidátským zemím, generálnímu řediteli WTO a předsedovi Meziparlamentní unie.
Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission and to the parliaments of the Member States, the acceding countries and the applicant countries, the Director-General of the WTO and the President of the Interparliamentary Union.
Ηράκλειτος [έφη] "το αντίξουν συμφέρον και εκ των διαφερόντων καλλίστην αρμονίαν και πάντα κατ΄ έριν γίνεσθαι"
Ηράκλειτος [έφη] ‘το αντίξουν συμφέρον και εκ των διαφερόντων καλλίστην αρμονίαν και πάντα κατ΄ έριν γίνεσθαι’
Αριστοτέλης, Ηθικά Νικομάχεια, Θ2.1155 β 5
Αριστοτέλης, Ηθικά Νικομάχεια, Θ2.1155 β 5
Heracleitus [said] that "'it is what opposes that helps and from different tones comes the fairest tune and all things are produced through strife"
Heraclitus [said] that ‘‘it is what opposes that helps and from different tones comes the fairest tune and all things are produced through strife’
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book 8I
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book 8I
The Hong Kong Ministerial Conference: limited expectations - modest results
The Hong Kong Ministerial Conference: limited expectations - modest results
The aim of this own-initiative report is to provide an assessment of the Doha Round following the 6th WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong (13-18 December 2005).
The aim of this own-initiative report is to provide an assessment of the Doha Round following the 6th WTO Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong (13-18 December 2005).
The current round of multilateral trade negotiations has been going on since November 2001 and, given the collective ambition to conclude this round before the end of 2006, it has now entered its final phase.
The current round of multilateral trade negotiations has been going on since November 2001 and, given the collective ambition to conclude this round before the end of 2006, it has now entered its final phase.
The previous phases of the negotiations - from Doha to Hong Kong via Cancún and Geneva - have revealed wide differences in the expectations, approaches and strategies of the main participants, and highlighted the difficulties involved in trying to reach an ambitious and balanced outcome covering all negotiating areas.
The previous phases of the negotiations - from Doha to Hong Kong via Cancún and Geneva - have revealed wide differences in the expectations, approaches and strategies of the main participants, and highlighted the difficulties involved in trying to reach an ambitious and balanced outcome covering all negotiating areas.
As a result, progress has often proven elusive, many intermediate deadlines have been missed and negotiations have not been brought as much forward as one could have hoped and expected.
As a result, progress has often proven elusive, many intermediate deadlines have been missed and negotiations have not been brought as much forward as one could have hoped and expected.
Because of the complete failure of the 5th Ministerial Conference in Cancún in September 2003 and the sketchy character of the Framework adopted by the WTO General Council in August 2004, the initial objective of the Hong Kong meeting was to consolidate the latter and to achieve a breakthrough by defining modalities in a number of key negotiating areas, such as agriculture, non-agricultural market access and services, and to agree on a significant development package, while encouraging progress in other chapters of the negotiations.
Because of the complete failure of the 5th Ministerial Conference in Cancún in September 2003 and the sketchy character of the Framework adopted by the WTO General Council in August 2004, the initial objective of the Hong Kong meeting was to consolidate the latter and to achieve a breakthrough by defining modalities in a number of key negotiating areas, such as agriculture, non-agricultural market access and services, and to agree on a significant development package, while encouraging progress in other chapters of the negotiations.
Due to a persistent stalemate on the key issue of agricultural market access and a lack of flexibility on the part of other major players, however, the level of ambition for this event had to be eventually scaled down and it became clear, even before the Ministerial Conference started, that only modest results could be achieved.
Due to a persistent stalemate on the key issue of agricultural market access and a lack of flexibility on the part of other major players, however, the level of ambition for this event had to be eventually scaled down and it became clear, even before the Ministerial Conference started, that only modest results could be achieved.
Parliamentary monitoring of the Hong Kong negotiations - the European Parliament being represented in Hong Kong by a delegation of MEPs - led to the adoption of a joint declaration by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the European Parliament on 15 December 2005.
Parliamentary monitoring of the Hong Kong negotiations - the European Parliament being represented in Hong Kong by a delegation of MEPs - led to the adoption of a joint declaration by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the European Parliament on 15 December 2005.
Although this contribution was undoubtedly positive, the current arrangements still fall short, in qualitative terms, of a proper forum to ensure WTO democratic accountability and openness.
Although this contribution was undoubtedly positive, the current arrangements still fall short, in qualitative terms, of a proper forum to ensure WTO democratic accountability and openness.
The European Parliament delegation was assisted by the information provided by the Commission and the United Kingdom Presidency regarding the EU negotiating strategy and the general progress achieved in the negotiations before and during the Hong Kong Conference.
The European Parliament delegation was assisted by the information provided by the Commission and the United Kingdom Presidency regarding the EU negotiating strategy and the general progress achieved in the negotiations before and during the Hong Kong Conference.
The present report comments upon the limited results achieved in Hong Kong.
The present report comments upon the limited results achieved in Hong Kong.
It also draws attention to the considerable work that remains to be done, contains a message of support to the EU negotiators and is intended to focus attention in view of the next phases of the negotiations.
It also draws attention to the considerable work that remains to be done, contains a message of support to the EU negotiators and is intended to focus attention in view of the next phases of the negotiations.
Results of the Conference by Subject
Results of the Conference by Subject
This section is based on the text of the Ministerial Declaration, with special reference to EU negotiating positions.
This section is based on the text of the Ministerial Declaration, with special reference to EU negotiating positions.
2.1 Agriculture
2.1 Agriculture
The question of agricultural products was designated by a number of developing and developed countries as crucial to the negotiations as a whole, placing the EU and the US in particular on the defensive.
The question of agricultural products was designated by a number of developing and developed countries as crucial to the negotiations as a whole, placing the EU and the US in particular on the defensive.
It was therefore necessary to break this deadlock if negotiations in other areas were to make any progress.
It was therefore necessary to break this deadlock if negotiations in other areas were to make any progress.
The Hong Kong Conference made a valuable contribution on certain aspects of this dossier as indicated below:
The Hong Kong Conference made a valuable contribution on certain aspects of this dossier as indicated below:
· Agreement was reached on the definitive elimination of all forms of export subsidies by 2013, the year in which current CAP arrangements are due to end.
· Agreement was reached on the definitive elimination of all forms of export subsidies by 2013, the year in which current CAP arrangements are due to end.
In order to ensure parallelism between export refunds and other forms of export subsidies, such as export credits, exporting state trading enterprises and food aid, however, this date will only be confirmed upon completion of appropriate disciplines on these practices.
In order to ensure parallelism between export refunds and other forms of export subsidies, such as export credits, exporting state trading enterprises and food aid, however, this date will only be confirmed upon completion of appropriate disciplines on these practices.
Other issues, such as the substantial subsidy cuts to be made before 2013, also remain to be settled.
Other issues, such as the substantial subsidy cuts to be made before 2013, also remain to be settled.
· Regarding domestic support, there was agreement on the fixing of three bands for reductions and on greater linear cuts in the higher levels of support (higher bands).
· Regarding domestic support, there was agreement on the fixing of three bands for reductions and on greater linear cuts in the higher levels of support (higher bands).
There also appears to be some convergence concerning cuts to be made in Final Bound Total Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS), the overall cut in trade-distorting domestic support, and the de minimis limits.
There also appears to be some convergence concerning cuts to be made in Final Bound Total Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS), the overall cut in trade-distorting domestic support, and the de minimis limits.
A review of the Green Box criteria was also agreed.
A review of the Green Box criteria was also agreed.
· On the difficult issue of market access, i.e. the reduction of agricultural tariffs, no substantive progress was made.
· On the difficult issue of market access, i.e. the reduction of agricultural tariffs, no substantive progress was made.
There appears to be agreement on the adoption of four bands for structuring tariff cuts, but not on the limits of those bands, the magnitude of the cuts, and other issues such as the selection and special treatment of sensitive products, the operation of the Special Safeguard Mechanism, etc.
There appears to be agreement on the adoption of four bands for structuring tariff cuts, but not on the limits of those bands, the magnitude of the cuts, and other issues such as the selection and special treatment of sensitive products, the operation of the Special Safeguard Mechanism, etc.
· Reference was made to the continuation of work in relation to geographical indications (establishment of a register for wines and spirits and extension of GI protection to other products), but no progress has been recorded on this issue of crucial importance for the EU.
· Reference was made to the continuation of work in relation to geographical indications (establishment of a register for wines and spirits and extension of GI protection to other products), but no progress has been recorded on this issue of crucial importance for the EU.
· On the specific subject of cotton, it was agreed that export subsidies would be eliminated by developed countries in 2006, and that these countries would give duty and quota free access for cotton exports from LDCs from the commencement of the implementation period.
· On the specific subject of cotton, it was agreed that export subsidies would be eliminated by developed countries in 2006, and that these countries would give duty and quota free access for cotton exports from LDCs from the commencement of the implementation period.
However, no progress was made on the important issue of domestic support.
However, no progress was made on the important issue of domestic support.
2.2 Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)
2.2 Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA)
The limited progress made in the agricultural negotiations helped to satisfy, to a certain extent, the demand of the EU and other developed countries for the acceptance of a progressive reduction in tariffs, leading to the adoption of a 'Swiss Formula' for the elimination or reduction of tariffs.
The limited progress made in the agricultural negotiations helped to satisfy, to a certain extent, the demand of the EU and other developed countries for the acceptance of a progressive reduction in tariffs, leading to the adoption of a ‘Swiss Formula’ for the elimination or reduction of tariffs.
There was also agreement on special treatment for developing countries, including asymmetrical reciprocity arrangements regarding tariff reductions.
There was also agreement on special treatment for developing countries, including asymmetrical reciprocity arrangements regarding tariff reductions.
While acceptance of the Swiss Formula is a particularly significant development, difficult decisions will have to be reached by 30 April 2006 regarding the magnitude of the tariff reductions (through the adoption of coefficients) and the establishment of base rates for commencing such reductions.
While acceptance of the Swiss Formula is a particularly significant development, difficult decisions will have to be reached by 30 April 2006 regarding the magnitude of the tariff reductions (through the adoption of coefficients) and the establishment of base rates for commencing such reductions.
The Declaration also encourages members to submit proposals aimed at addressing the issue of non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
The Declaration also encourages members to submit proposals aimed at addressing the issue of non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
2.3 Services
2.3 Services
On the subject of services, reference was simply made to progress achieved from the establishment of the GATS to the agreement of August 2004.
On the subject of services, reference was simply made to progress achieved from the establishment of the GATS to the agreement of August 2004.
A statement was also issued by members concerning the intensification of the relevant negotiations in accordance with Annex C to the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration.
A statement was also issued by members concerning the intensification of the relevant negotiations in accordance with Annex C to the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration.
The Conference failed to make any substantial headway regarding the further liberalisation of international trade in services, which means that spectacular progress must now be made, both on a plurilateral and bilateral basis, if the objectives of the Doha Round are to be achieved.
The Conference failed to make any substantial headway regarding the further liberalisation of international trade in services, which means that spectacular progress must now be made, both on a plurilateral and bilateral basis, if the objectives of the Doha Round are to be achieved.
For the EU, progress in this sector is of vital importance to the development of its economy and to employment.
For the EU, progress in this sector is of vital importance to the development of its economy and to employment.
2.4 Trade and Development
2.4 Trade and Development
Regarding support for developing countries and their smoother integration into the global economy, a number of decisions were taken, such as:
Regarding support for developing countries and their smoother integration into the global economy, a number of decisions were taken, such as:
· The abolition, by 2008 or no later than the start of the implementation period, of tariff and quantitative restrictions for exports from the LDCs.
· The abolition, by 2008 or no later than the start of the implementation period, of tariff and quantitative restrictions for exports from the LDCs.
However, this concession will only be given by developed countries and developing countries "declaring themselves in a position to do so" and restrictions may be maintained for up to 3 percent of tariff lines.
However, this concession will only be given by developed countries and developing countries ‘declaring themselves in a position to do so’ and restrictions may be maintained for up to 3 percent of tariff lines.
The Ministerial Declaration also refers to measures to facilitate transactions and simplify rules of origin, increase technical support, encourage the creation of institutions, etc.
The Ministerial Declaration also refers to measures to facilitate transactions and simplify rules of origin, increase technical support, encourage the creation of institutions, etc.
· The more active involvement of the WTO in efforts by international organisations and individual countries to implement ‘Aid for Trade’ arrangements enabling the LDCs to reinforce their production and export capacity and requisite commercial infrastructure.
· The more active involvement of the WTO in efforts by international organisations and individual countries to implement ‘Aid for Trade’ arrangements enabling the LDCs to reinforce their production and export capacity and requisite commercial infrastructure.
· The reappraisal and further enhancement of the WTO’s strategy for the provision of Technical Assistance and Training Plans to developing countries.
· The reappraisal and further enhancement of the WTO’s strategy for the provision of Technical Assistance and Training Plans to developing countries.
2.5 Other Business
2.5 Other Business
Overall Assessment
Overall Assessment
Considered as a whole, the outcome of the Hong Kong Conference may, under the circumstances, be regarded as positive, although the actual results were modest, given the absence of any creative breakthroughs on many crucial issues.
Considered as a whole, the outcome of the Hong Kong Conference may, under the circumstances, be regarded as positive, although the actual results were modest, given the absence of any creative breakthroughs on many crucial issues.
A package of development measures was agreed upon and, even more importantly, members reiterated their commitment to a successful conclusion of the round by the end of 2006 and set a number of intermediate deadlines to achieve this objective.
A package of development measures was agreed upon and, even more importantly, members reiterated their commitment to a successful conclusion of the round by the end of 2006 and set a number of intermediate deadlines to achieve this objective.
The EU once again made a major contribution to this positive result by accepting a conditional commitment to 2013 as the end-date for the elimination of export subsidies.
The EU once again made a major contribution to this positive result by accepting a conditional commitment to 2013 as the end-date for the elimination of export subsidies.
It is not clear, however, that much has been obtained in return for this concession, whether in other chapters of the agriculture negotiations or in other key areas.
It is not clear, however, that much has been obtained in return for this concession, whether in other chapters of the agriculture negotiations or in other key areas.