natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Езиковото многообразие е предизвикателство за Европа.
Linguistic diversity is a challenge for Europe, but,in our view, a rewarding challenge.
Но това предизвикателство, по наше мнение, е с благотворен ефект.
To manage this diversity effectively, the European Union has to address issues which in today’s world have become priority issues and can no longer be sidestepped if the future is not to be jeopardised.
Как да се изгради у тях чувството за обща съдба и принадлежност?
These issues are: how do we get so many different populations to live together in harmony, how do we give them a sense of a shared destiny and of belonging together?
Необходимо ли е определение за европейска идентичност?
Should we be seeking to define a European identity?
Може ли то да бъде пригодено към всички наши различия?
If so, can this identity take on board all our differences? Can it accommodate elements of non-European origin?
Може ли да включва в състава си неевропейски елементи?
Is respect for cultural differences compatible with the respect for fundamental values?
Зачитането на културните различия съвместимо ли е със спазването на основните ценности?
We accordingly opted to leave aside the most optimistic and the most alarmist of our presuppositions in order to take the most neutral observation as a starting point, viz. that in any human society linguistic, cultural, ethnic or religious diversity has both advantages and drawbacks, and is a source of enrichment but also a source of tension.
Ние пожелахме да поставим ясно и откровено тези изключително деликатни въпроси.
While being persuaded that such issues will continue to be debated for many generations to come, we nevertheless wanted to come up with some answers and propose to the European leaders and to our fellow citizens a possible approach.
След като бяхме подканени да поразсъждаваме върху многоезичието и начина, по който то би могло да се отрази върху европейската интеграция и диалога между културите, ние решихме да оставим настрана найоптимистичните и най-тревожните си предположения, за да тръгнем от най-неутралната констатация: за всяко човешко общество, езиковото, културно, етническо и религиозно
Throughout our meetings, we were moved by the firm conviction that the European project pursued since the end of the Second World War is one of the most promising the world has ever known; and, in particular, that efficient management of our linguistic, cultural and religious diversity would produce a reference model indispensable to a planet tragically afflicted by chaotic management of its own diversity.
има своята финансова и времева цена.
Needless to say, language diversity entails constraints; it weighs on the running of the European Institutions and has its cost in terms of money and time.
Тази цена би се превърнала в спирачка, ако пожелаем да отредим на десетките езици мястото, което тези, които ги говорят с право биха поискали.
This cost could even become prohibitive if we wanted to give dozens of languages the rightful place which their speakers could legitimately wish for.Against this background, there is therefore a strong temptation to tolerate a de facto situation in which a single language, English, would be dominant in the work of the European Institutions, in which two or three other languages would more or less manage to hold their own for a little longer, while the vast majority of our languages would have but a symbolic status and would hardly ever be used in joint meetings.
Подобно развитие ни се струва нежелателно, тъй като то би навредило на икономическите и стратегически интереси на континента, и на всички негови граждани, независимо от техния майчин език.
A common sense of belonging based on linguistic and cultural diversity is a powerful antidote against the various types of fanaticism towards which all too often the assertion of identity has slipped in Europe and elsewhere, in previous years as today.Born of the will of its diverse peoples who have freely chosen to unite, the European Union has neither the intention nor the ability to obliterate their diversity.
Освен това, то би било в разрез със самия дух на европейския проект, по няколко причини:
On the contrary, its mission historicially is to preserve, harmonise, strike a balance and get the best out of this diversity, and we think that it is up to the task.
I – Зачитането на езиковото ни многообразие не се ограничава само до приемането на културната действителност като плод на историята.
It is a page which is in the process of being written. There is a common artistic, intellectual, material and moral heritage of untold richness, with few equivalents in the history of humanity, constructed by generation after generation and which deserves to be cherished, acknowledged and shared.
То е самата основа на европейската идея, покълнала от развалините на конфликтите, белязали XIX в. и първата половина на XX в.
Each and every European, wherever he or she may live, wherever he or she may come from, must be able to access this heritage and recognise it as his and hers, without any arrogance but with a legitimate sense of pride.Our heritage is not, however, a closed catalogue.
Ако повечето европейски нации са се изградили въз основа на собствените си езици, то Европейският съюз може да се основава единствено на езиковото си многообразие. И ние
Every generation has a duty to enhance it in all areas without exception according to every person’s sensitivity and as a function of the various influences which today come from all four corners of the earth.Those entering Europe – and this could include people as diverse as immigrants, citizens of the new Member States, and young Europeans from all countries as they begin to discover life – must be constantly encouraged in this dual path, i.e. the desire to gain acquaintance with the common heritage and the desire to make their own contribution, too.
намираме това за изключително стимулиращо.
World War is the adherence to certain values.
Чувството за обща принадлежност, основано на езиковото и културно многообразие е силна противоотрова срещу проявите на фанатизъм, към които често е залитало както в миналото, така и днес утвърждаването на идентичността в Европа и по света.
These values have often been formulated by European thinkers, but have to a large extent also been the result of a healthy reaction to bloody and disgraceful chapters in the history of Europe itself.The European Union came into being against the devastation of war, against totalitarian ventures, against raciscm and anti-Semitism.
Роден от волята на неговите различни народи, водени от свободния избор за обединение, Европейският съюз няма нито призванието, нито силата да заличи тяхното многообразие.
The first steps in the construction of Europe also coincided with the end of the colonial era and heralded a change in the nature of relations between Europe and the rest of the world.It is never easy to accurately or exhaustively pinpoint those values to which everyone should adhere if they are to be welcomed fully into the European fold.
Напротив, неговата историческа задача е да съхрани, хармонизира, да уталожи това многообразие, за да може то да разцъфти, и според нас той е в състояние да го направи.
However, this lack of precision, which stems from legitimate intellectual caution, does not mean we have to resign ourselves to relativism when it comes to fundamental values.
Ние смятаме, че той може дори да се превърне в пример за идентичност, основана на многообразието за цялото човечество.
Upholding the dignity of human beings, men, women and children, sticking up for one’s physical and moral integrity, halting the deterioration of our natural environment, rejecting all forms of humiliation and unjustified discrimination on the grounds of colour, religion, language, ethnic origin, gender, age, disability, etc. — are values on which there must be no compromise in the name of any specific cultural feature.
богатство, градено поколения наред, което заслужава да бъде съхранено, ценено и споделяно.
In the light of these principles we have been working towards a solution which would be both ambitious and realistic.
Всеки европеец, независимо откъде идва и къде живее, трябва да може да припознае и почувства това наследство като свое, не с надменност, а с оправдана гордост.
Ambitious in that the objective set is not to “delay the inevitable”, but on the contrary to anchor linguistic diversity in a sustainable way in the lives of the people of Europe — its citizens, its peoples and its institutions; ambitious because the solution should be able to function whatever the number of languages involved and also because the aim is not just to find a compromise which will not impede European integration, but to find a way which will allow significant headway to be made towards European integration.At the same time we would like our approach to be realistic.
Въпреки това, нашето наследство не е завършен каталог.
Our approach involves two ideas which are in fact the two sides of one proposal :
Тези, които влизат в Европа — а това включва много различни хора като имигрантите, гражданите на новите държавичленки, а също и младите европейци от всички страни, които тепърва навлизат в живота — трябва да бъдат насърчавани непрекъснато в следването на тези две паралелни оси, а именно: желанието да стопанисват общото наследство и желанието да дадат своя принос към него.
This means that every European language should have, in each of the countries of the European Union, a substantial group of proficient and highly motivated speakers.Numbers would of course vary substantially depending on the language concerned, but the number should everywhere be large enough for its speakers to be able to cater for all aspects — economic, political, cultural, etc. — of the « binary » relations between the two countries concerned.
III – И ако за Европа насърчаването на културното изразяване е от основно значение, то също толкова важно е за нея да утвърди универсалния характер на основните ценности.
In order to allow cohorts of speakers to be formed, the European Union should advocate the idea
Това са двата аспекта на едно и също верую, без които европейската идея би изгубила смисъл.
The idea is that every European should be encouraged to freely choose a distinctive language, different from his or her language of identity, and also different from his or her language of international communication.
Смисълът на европейското начинание, започнато след края на Втората световна война се корени в придържането към
As we see it, the personal adoptive language would in no way be a second foreign language but, rather, a sort of second mother tongue.Learned intensively, spoken and written fluently, it would be part and parcel of the school and university curriculum of every European citizen, and of everyone’s occupational curriculum.Learning that language would go hand in hand with familiarity with the country/countries in which that language is used, along with the literature, culture, society and history linked with that language and its speakers.
Те често са дело на европейски мислители, но в голяма степен са и естествен резултат от здравомислещата реакция на кървавите и разрушителни епизоди от самата европейска история.
The logic of a policy based on a personal adoptive language is that the choice of language would be made in the same way as the choice of a profession. Achieving f l fluency in a comparatively rare language would give the individual an added advantage comparable to that of a rare specialisation in a leading-edge field.
Европейският съюз е съзидан срещу опустошителните войни, тоталитаризма, расизма и антисемитизма.
In the long run, all the languages would have their speakers, albeit in a very uneven, but still significant way.And, in particular, in a lasting way.
Първите стъпки в осъществяването на европейския проект съвпадат с края на колониалната ера и бележат зараждането на нов тип отношения между Европа и останалия свят.
One of the big advantages of the approach we propose is that every European language would have a special place in the bilateral exchanges with all European partners, that none would be condemned to disappearance, none would be reduced to the status of local dialect.
Не е никак лесно да се формулират точно или изчерпателно ценностите, които всеки трябва да възприеме, за да се превърне в пълноправен член на европейското семейство.
Accordingly, the native speakers of that language, however few they may be, would no longer have to feel belittled, excluded or overwhelmed.
Но липсата на точност, породена от основателна интелектуална предпазливост не означава, че трябва да се примирим с относителността на въпроса за основните ценности.
To neglect a language is to run the risk of seeing its speakers becoming disenchanted with the European project. People cannot be expected to be wholeheartedly behind Europe unless they feel that their specific culture, and primarily their language, is fully respected and that the integration of their country in the European Union contributes to the flourishing of their language and culture rather than marginalising them.
Защитата на достойнството на човека, бил той мъж, жена или дете, опазването на неговата физическа и духовна неприкосновеност, на естествената му среда, отхвърлянето на всяко унизително или дискриминативно отношение, основано на расов, религиозен, езиков, етнически признак, пол, възраст, увреждане и т.н. — именно това са ценностите, от които не можем да отстъпим в името на каквато и да било културна особеност.
So many of the crises we have witnessed in Europe and elsewhere stem from the fact that a community has sometime in the past felt that its language was not respected; we have to remain careful to head o such feelings from emerging in the years and decades ahead, for they would undermine European cohesion.Every language is the product of a unique historical experience, each is the carrier of a memory, a literary heritage, a specific skill, and is the legitimate basis of cultural identity. Languages are not interchangeable, none is dispensable, none is superfluous.
Според нас, накратко, европейската идея се основава на две неразривно свързани изисквания: универсалност на общите
To preserve all the languages of our heritage, including the ancestral European languages such as Latin and ancient Greek; to encourage, even for languages which are very much minority languages, their development in the rest of the continent, is inseparable from the very idea of a Europe of peace, culture, universality and prosperity.
морални ценности и многообразие на културното изразяване. Езиковото многообразие в частност, поради исторически причини е много важен елемент и както се опитваме да докажем, един прекрасен интеграционен и хармонизиращ способ.
True to the ideals which give modern Europe its raison d’être, the approach we advocate should also have an impact on the quality of life of the citizens of Europe, on the quality of relationships between the European nations, on the relations of our continent with the rest of the world, on the harmonious coexistence of cultures in our societies, on the smooth running of the Community institutions, and, more generally, on the pursuit and consolidation of European integration.
В светлината на тези принципи, ние потърсихме решение, което да бъде едновременно амбициозно и реалистично.
For the people of Europe, old and young alike, intensive and in-depth knowledge of a language and all the culture that it transmits is a major factor of fulfilment. lment.
Амбициозно, защото поставената цел не е „отлагане на неизбежното“, а напротив, трайно установяване на езиковото многообразие в живота на европейците — граждани, народи и институции.
In a civilisation in which communication is becoming so important and in which there is an increasing amount of free time, to add to one’s existence this exploration of another linguistic and cultural universe can only bring enormous professional, intellectual and emotional satisfactions.
Амбициозно, защото решението трябва да работи на практика, независимо от броя на езиците, а също и защото тук не става дума за намирането на моментно равновесно положение, което да не спъва европейската интеграция.
Moreover, mastering a personal adoptive language and familiarising oneself with the universe of its speakers should be conducive to a more outward-looking attitude to the world and others, and strengthen the sense of belonging to Europe ; not at the expense of belonging to one’s country or culture of origin, but in addition to it, particularly as, in his or her relations with the speakers of the personal adoptive language, a European citizen would naturally tend to extend to them knowledge of their own country and their own culture.From the professional point of view, the pointers would all seem to indicate that English will in the future be increasingly needed, but at the same time less and less sufficient on its own.
Става дума да се очертае път, който да доведе до нейния значителен напредък.
While in certain areas of activity, English is already virtually essential, the inclusion in one’s curriculum vitae of a language which might already have been mentioned by all the other candidates does not give the applicant any additional asset in the quest for a job, or in pursuing an activity.This is already the case to a very large extent today and will be increasingly so in the future.
Освен това, нашият подход претендира, че е реалистичен.
Without a special effort to promote, from the very earliest age, the intensive learning of an additional language, the advantage which English speakers today have would rapidly become eroded, and the globalisation of their mother tongue would have an adverse effect on their competitiveness at both individual and collective levels.
В процеса на обмен на идеи не сме забравяли нито за миг, че нашата работа би била безсмислена, ако не доведе до приложими на практика предложения.
This paradoxical pattern of events was stressed in no uncertain terms in a recent study commissioned by the British Council.1.It might perhaps be worth stressing here that some Europeans should obviously choose English as their personal adoptive language, following the example of Joseph Conrad who was of Polish mother tongue, had French as a language of international communication, and became one of the greatest writers of the English language.
Разбира се, че решенията на толкова сложни проблеми никога не са прости, но е важно да се определи посоката.
It is important for English to retain and consolidate the eminent place it holds as a language of culture rather than being straitjacketed in the role of instrument of global communication, a flattering but detractive role, and one which is potentially a factor of impoverishment.
Насоката, която препоръчваме се разклонява в две идеи, които всъщност са двете страни на едно и също предложение:
By underlining the bilateral nature of linguistic relations between the different countries, our approach should have a positive impact on the quality of relations between Europeans, individuals and peoples alike.
A – Двустранните отношения между народите на Европейския съюз би трябвало да се осъществяват главно на езиците на тези два народа, отколкото на трети език.
We feel that this policy would be considerably enhanced if everyone could express themselves in a language they are perfectly fl uent in, either their own or that of their partner, rather than, as so often happens nowadays, through the medium of a third language in which they lack that fluency.
Това предполага, всеки европейски език да има във всяка държава от Съюза, значителна група от силно мотивирани и компетентни хора, които го владеят.
Recent studies indeed tend to show that business negotiations arrive at a successful outcome far more frequently when each of the partners feels free to express himself in his own language.By quality of relations, we mean at the same time the effectiveness of the exchanges, the subtlety of the human contacts, and also the intensity and solidity of people-to-people relations within our vast European family.Europe has arisen from several centuries of conflict between its nations and primarily between neighbours.
Естествено техният брой за отделните езици ще бъде много различен, но навсякъде той трябва да бъде достатъчен, за да могат владеещите ги да обхванат всички аспекти — икономически, политически, културни и т.н. — на „бинарните“ отношения между въпросните страни.
Accordingly, to learn the language of a partner who happens to be a former enemy is very important, both for its symbolic value as well as for its practical advantages.If there is to be greater cohesion between the countries of the European Union, it is not enough for them to simply all belong to the same entity, the bilateral links between each country and each partner must be cemented by powerful ties based in particular on the special place occupied, for the citizens of each country, by the language of the other.Despite the efforts of certain leading founder countries, such as France and Germany, we are witnessing an erosion of the level of knowledge of the neighbour’s language in favour of a language of international communication, which is deemed to be more useful.
Б – За формиране на групите от хора, владеещи тези езици, Европейският съюз би трябвало да въведе понятието чужд език по личен избор.
For relations between Europe and the rest of the world the advantages of such an approach would be just as great.
Смисълът, който влагаме в това понятие е всеки европеец да бъде насърчаван да избере свободно друг език, различен както от майчиния, така и от неговия език за международна комуникация.
While it is likely that most of our fellow citizens would select as their personal adoptive language that of another country of the European Union, it is also likely that many of them would opt for languages from other continents, ideally the languages of the big Asian countries which have become major economic partners.
Разбиран така, чуждият език по личен избор в никакъв случай няма да се превърне във втори чужд език, а по-скоро в своеобразен втори майчин език.
We feel that the approach we are proposing to manage linguistic diversity could contribute significantly to this twofold objective.For immigrants, the personal adoptive language should in the normal run of events be that of the country in which they have chosen to live.
Интензивно изучаван и свободно използван в устната и писмена реч, той ще бъде включван в учебния план на училището и университета на всеки европейски гражданин, а също и в неговата професионална биография.
For immigrants to Europe, it is also a factor of adhesion to Europe in general, its Community project, its cultural heritage and its fundamental values.In parallel with this and, we might say, in reciprocal fashion, it is vital for the countries of Europe to understand how important it is for every immigrant or person originating from immigration, to maintain knowledge of their own language of origin.
С този подход, ние бихме искали да излезем от рамките на настоящото съперничество между английския и останалите езици, което води до отслабване на позициите на последните и е в ущърб и на самия английски език и говорещите го.
We believe that it is healthy to dissociate these two powerful factors of identity, to develop linguistic and cultural belonging, not at the expense of religion but at the expense of identity-oriented use of religion, and could help to reduce tension in our European societies as in the rest of the world.Just as immigrants would be encouraged to fully adopt the language of the host country and the culture it carries, it would be fair and useful for the immigrants’ languages of identity to also be part of the languages which Europeans themselves would be encouraged to adopt.