natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Призовава Комисията и държавите-членки да подкрепят изследванията на биотехнологични приложения, предлагащи ясни социални и екологични ползи, включително разработването на ГМ микроорганизми за пречистване на вода, възстановяване на почви, замяната на използвани понастоящем опасни химически вещества и разработването на устойчиви и екологично благоприятни енергийни източници (включително биогаз, водород и второ поколение биогорива);
Calls on the Commission and Member States to support research on biotechnology applications offering clear social or environmental benefits, including the development of GM micro-organisms for water purification, land regeneration, the replacement of hazardous chemical substances currently in use and the development of sustainable and environmentally favourable energy sources (including biogas, hydrogen and second-generation biofuels);
Подчертава нуждата от научни и сравнителни изследвания, не на последно място по отношение на безопасността на храните, алергените и човешкото хранене и здраве, които трябва да се провеждат систематично; също така подчертава, че са необходими и повече сравнителни изследвания и научноизследователска дейност по комплексните въпроси на устойчивите земеделски практики, сигурността на храните, алергенността, храненето и общественото здраве;
Emphasises the need for research and comparative studies, not least as regards food safety, allergens and human nutrition and health, which must be conducted systematically; also emphasises that more comparative studies and research are also needed into the complex issues of sustainable farming practices, food security, allergenicity, nutrition and public health;
Подчертава, че съществуването на публично финансирани научни изследвания трябва да се гарантира и научноизследователската и развойна дейност в малки биотехнологични предприятия и центрове за растителни технологии трябва да се подкрепя, за да се поддържа максимална конкурентноспособност на различните нива на веригата за производство на храни;
Stresses that the existence of publicly funded research must be guaranteed and R&D activity in small biotechnology undertakings and plant-technology centres must be supported in order to maintain maximum competitiveness at the various levels of the food production chain;
Опасява се, че съществуващото сложно и широко прилагане на законодателството на Общността относно биотехнологичните изпитвания и продължителната процедура по одобряване за пускането на изобретения на пазара създават истински пречки пред европейската изследователска дейност и могат да доведат до изнасянето на научноизследователски дейности и човешки ресурси извън ЕС;
Fears that the existing complex and extensive implementation of the Community legislation on biotechnological trials and the lengthy approval procedure for placing inventions on the market are creating real obstacles to European research and may lead to research activities and human resources being moved outside the EU;
Също така предполага, че те могат да допринесат за по-силна концентрация на научни изследвания, изобретения и нематериални права сред няколко големи световни играчи, като по този начин ще нарасне тяхното влияние и сила в ущърб на по-малките компании, и страните и хората ще станат по-зависими от тях;
Also suspects that these may be contributing to a strong concentration of research, inventions and immaterial rights among a few large global players, thus increasing their influence and power to the detriment of smaller companies and making countries and people more dependent on them;
Изразява безпокойство, че сложните и подробни разпоредби за признаване на сортовете селскостопански култури и правилата за тяхното предлагане на пазара понастоящем представляват сериозно препятствие пред изследването на семената и консервацията на сортовете в рамките на дребното земеделие и биха могли да доведат до слабо разнообразие на сортовете в Европа; бои се също така, че това може да спомогне за значително концентриране на правата на интелектуална собственост сред малък брой концерни и така да нарасне тяхното влияние и сила върху безопасността на храните и зависимостта на държавите и населенията от тези концерни; в тази връзка призовава за незабавно създаване на правна основа, изискана съгласно Директива 98/95/ЕО, което би позволило в законодателството за търговското предлагане на семена да се опазят застрашените сортове от генетична ерозия чрез използване in situ и в стопанствата;
Fears that the complex and comprehensive arrangements for recognising agricultural crop varieties and the rules on marketing them currently constitute genuine obstacles to seed research and varietal conservation within small-scale farming and could lead to impoverished varietal diversity in Europe; fears also that this may help to considerably concentrate intellectual property rights among a small number of concerns and hence increase their influence and power over food safety and the dependence of countries and populations on those concerns; calls therefore for the immediate establishment of the legal basis, called for in Directive 98/95/EC, which would make it possible, under seed marketing legislation, to preserve varieties at threat from genetic erosion, through in situ and on-farm use;
Призовава Комисията и държавите-членки да проведат по Седмата рамкова програма на Европейската общност за научни изследвания, технологично развитие и демонстрационни дейности (2007-2013 г.) широко социално-икономическо проучване на европейско ниво, което включва сравнение на различни методи на селскостопанско производство;
Calls on the Commission and Member States to conduct, under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities(2007-2013) , a sweeping socio-economic study at European level that includes a comparison of different methods of agricultural production;
Призовава да се защитава интелектуалната собственост в сферата на селскостопанските и хранителни биотехнологии, за да се стимулират частните инвестиции в тази област;
Calls for intellectual property to be protected in the field of agricultural and food biotechnology in order to stimulate private investment in this area;
Счита, че научните изследвания на генетично модифицираните организми следва да са в съгласие със законодателната резолюция на Парламента относно Седмата рамкова програма на Европейската общност за научни изследвания, технологично развитие и демонстрационни дейности (2007-2013 г.), която подчертава, че научните изследвания ще имат за цел да интегрират разнообразието на научни знания, за да се разработят балансирани, устойчиви и социално приемливи решения и подходи;
Considers that GMO research should be in line with Parliament's legislative resolution concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013), which stresses that research will aim to integrate the diversity of scientific knowledge in order to develop balanced, sustainable and socially acceptable solutions and approaches;
Приветства новите развития, включително и разработената наскоро Система за бързо разработване на характерни признаци (RTDS), която използва собствения генетичен апарат на растението, за да промени неговата ДНК чрез процес, известен като мутагенеза, насочена към конкретно място;
Welcomes new developments including the recent development of the Rapid Trait Development System (RTDS) – which uses the plant's own genetic machinery to change its DNA, through a process known as site-directed mutagenesis;
Подчертава, че законодателството и насоките за извършване на експерименти трябва сериозно да вземат предвид защитата на потребителите и опазването на околната среда;
Stresses that the legislation and guidelines referred to in carrying out experiments must seriously take into account the protection of consumers and the environment;
Подчертава факта, че, както и в случая с ГМО, трябва да се прилагат правила за отговорност, основани на принципа "замърсителят плаща";
Underscores the fact that, also in the case of GMOs, liability rules based on the originator principle must be applied;
Глобални развития
Global developments
Счита, че биотехнологиите може да играят роля в намиране на неотложно необходимите реални решения на глобалните предизвикателства, като например непрестанно растящата необходимост от храна, проблемите на околната среда, устойчивото развитие и задоволяване на енергийните нужди; подчертава значението на биотехнологиите за бъдещето на устойчивото земеделие, например при получаването на биоенергия, заместителите на нефтените продукти като пластмаса и новите устойчиви методи за отглеждане на култури; смята, че това следва да включва подпомагането на развиващите се страни, които се нуждаят от постигане изпълнението на Целите на хилядолетието за развитие;
Considers that biotechnology may have a role to play in finding genuine solutions to global challenges such as a constantly increasing need for food, environmental problems, sustainable development and energy sufficiency, which are urgently needed; emphasizes the importance of biotechnology for the future of sustainable agriculture, for example in developing bio-energy, substitutes for oil products such as plastics and new sustainable methods for growing crops; considers that this should include helping developing countries in need to achieve the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals;
Обръща особено внимание на решението на СТО от 29.09.2006 г. относно процедурите на Общността за одобряване на ГМО, което не отсъди в полза на нито една от страните, и отбелязва, че неодобрени ГМО са открити в стоки, внесени в ЕС, и подчертава, че подходът на ЕС за регулирането на ГМО е оправдан;
Notes the WTO's ruling of 29 September 2006 on the Community approval procedures for GMOs, which did not find in favour of any one single party, and notes that unapproved GMOs have been detected in commodity imports into the EU and emphasizes that the EU approach to the regulation of GMOs is justified;
В отговор на обществените тревоги
Responding to public concerns
Отбелязва, че 50% от гражданите смятат, че биотехнологиите ще подобрят качеството на живота им (проучване на Евробарометър за 2005 г.), но че обществото в по-голямата си част е все още скептично настроено по отношение на земеделските ("зелени") биотехнологии и ще продължава да бъде такова, докато не се възприеме, че новите култури и продукти предлагат ползи за потребителя;
Notes that over 50% of citizens believe that biotechnology will improve their quality of life (Eurobarometer survey 2005) but that the public is still mostly sceptical about agricultural (green) biotechnology, and will continue to be so unless new crops and products are seen to have consumer benefits;
Подчертава нуждата да се провеждат балансирани и прозрачни дискусии и оценки, включващи всички заинтересовани страни, включително и европейската общественост;
Emphasises the need to conduct balanced and transparent discussions and assessments involving all the parties concerned, including the European public;
Biotechnology is a modern branch of science.
Biotechnology is a modern branch of science.
It has developed dramatically in the recent fifty years, but its future seems to be even more attractive.
It has developed dramatically in the recent fifty years, but its future seems to be even more attractive.
In fact, many scientists speak about us facing a biotechnological revolution, compared to the revolution in electronics that we have experienced in recent decades.
In fact, many scientists speak about us facing a biotechnological revolution, compared to the revolution in electronics that we have experienced in recent decades.
The existing inventions and applications seem to be only the very first steps of this development.
The existing inventions and applications seem to be only the very first steps of this development.
Current GM cropping
Current GM cropping
In 2005 commercial GM crop production was calculated to be about 90 million ha involving 8.5m growers in 21 countries.
In 2005 commercial GM crop production was calculated to be about 90 million ha involving 8.5m growers in 21 countries.
The US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada & China are the principal global growers of which the US represents 55% of total GM cropping area.
The US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada & China are the principal global growers of which the US represents 55% of total GM cropping area.
In the EU, those Member States commercialising modest areas of GM maize comprise: Spain, Germany, Portugal, France and Czech Republic.
In the EU, those Member States commercialising modest areas of GM maize comprise: Spain, Germany, Portugal, France and Czech Republic.
Over the last decade, farmers have increased their plantings of GM crops by 11% every year, with the number of countries cultivating GM crops increasing from 6 to 21 in the same period.
Over the last decade, farmers have increased their plantings of GM crops by 11% every year, with the number of countries cultivating GM crops increasing from 6 to 21 in the same period.
GM soybean continued to be the principal GM crop in 2005, occupying 54.4 million hectares (60% of global GM area), followed by maize (21.2 million hectares at 24%), cotton (9.8 million hectares at 11%) and rapeseed (4.6 million hectares at 5% of global GM crop area).
GM soybean continued to be the principal GM crop in 2005, occupying 54.4 million hectares (60% of global GM area), followed by maize (21.2 million hectares at 24%), cotton (9.8 million hectares at 11%) and rapeseed (4.6 million hectares at 5% of global GM crop area).
During the first decade, 1996 to 2005, herbicide tolerance has consistently been the dominant trait followed by insect resistance and stacked genes for the two traits.
During the first decade, 1996 to 2005, herbicide tolerance has consistently been the dominant trait followed by insect resistance and stacked genes for the two traits.
In 2005, herbicide tolerance, deployed in soybean, maize, rapeseed and cotton occupied 71% or 63.7 million hectares of the global GM 90.0 million hectares, with 16.2 million hectares (18%) planted to insect resistant crops and 10.1 million hectares (11%) to the stacked genes.
In 2005, herbicide tolerance, deployed in soybean, maize, rapeseed and cotton occupied 71% or 63.7 million hectares of the global GM 90.0 million hectares, with 16.2 million hectares (18%) planted to insect resistant crops and 10.1 million hectares (11%) to the stacked genes.
The accumulative reduction in pesticides for the period 1996 to 2004 was estimated at 172,500 MT of active ingredient, which is equivalent to a 14% reduction in the associated environmental impact of pesticide use on these crops.
The accumulative reduction in pesticides for the period 1996 to 2004 was estimated at 172,500 MT of active ingredient, which is equivalent to a 14% reduction in the associated environmental impact of pesticide use on these crops.
GM crops were grown by approximately 8.5 million farmers in 21 countries in 2005, up from 8.25 million farmers in 17 countries in 2004.
GM crops were grown by approximately 8.5 million farmers in 21 countries in 2005, up from 8.25 million farmers in 17 countries in 2004.
Notably, 90% of the farmers were resource-poor farmers from developing countries, many of whom received increased incomes from GM crops to alleviation of their poverty.
Notably, 90% of the farmers were resource-poor farmers from developing countries, many of whom received increased incomes from GM crops to alleviation of their poverty.
In 2005, approximately 7.7 million (7.5 million in 2004) poor subsistence farmers utilized biotech crops – the majority in China with 6.4 million farmers, 1 million in India, thousands in South Africa, more than 50,000 in the Philippines, with the balance in the seven developing countries which grew biotech crops in 2005.
In 2005, approximately 7.7 million (7.5 million in 2004) poor subsistence farmers utilized biotech crops – the majority in China with 6.4 million farmers, 1 million in India, thousands in South Africa, more than 50,000 in the Philippines, with the balance in the seven developing countries which grew biotech crops in 2005.
In 2005, the global market value of biotech crops is estimated to be $5.25 billion representing 18% of the ~$30 billion 2005 global commercial seed market.
In 2005, the global market value of biotech crops is estimated to be $5.25 billion representing 18% of the ~$30 billion 2005 global commercial seed market.
The $5.25 billion biotech crop market comprised of $2.42 billion for biotech soybean (equivalent to 46% of global biotech crop market), $1.91 billion for biotech maize (36%), $0.72 billion for biotech cotton (14%), and $0.21 billion for biotech canola (4%).
The $5.25 billion biotech crop market comprised of $2.42 billion for biotech soybean (equivalent to 46% of global biotech crop market), $1.91 billion for biotech maize (36%), $0.72 billion for biotech cotton (14%), and $0.21 billion for biotech canola (4%).
The accumulated global value for the ten-year period, since biotech crops were first commercialised in 1996, is estimated at $29.3 billion.
The accumulated global value for the ten-year period, since biotech crops were first commercialised in 1996, is estimated at $29.3 billion.
The global value of the biotech crop market is projected at over $5.5 billion for 2006.
The global value of the biotech crop market is projected at over $5.5 billion for 2006.
Future trends
Future trends
It is likely that the increases in GM crop area seen during the first decade of commercialisation, 1996 to 2005, will continue and possibly be surpassed in the second decade 2006-2015.
It is likely that the increases in GM crop area seen during the first decade of commercialisation, 1996 to 2005, will continue and possibly be surpassed in the second decade 2006-2015.
The number of countries adopting the four current major biotech crops is expected to grow.
The number of countries adopting the four current major biotech crops is expected to grow.
An increase in the global hectarage will be accompanied by an increase in the number of farmers planting biotech crops as the first generation of biotech crops is more widely adopted and the second generation of new applications becomes available.
An increase in the global hectarage will be accompanied by an increase in the number of farmers planting biotech crops as the first generation of biotech crops is more widely adopted and the second generation of new applications becomes available.
Beyond the traditional agricultural products of food, feed and fibre, entirely novel products to agriculture will emerge including the production of pharmaceutical products, oral vaccines, specialty and fine chemicals and the use of renewable crop resources to replace non-renewable, polluting, and increasingly expensive fossil fuels.
Beyond the traditional agricultural products of food, feed and fibre, entirely novel products to agriculture will emerge including the production of pharmaceutical products, oral vaccines, specialty and fine chemicals and the use of renewable crop resources to replace non-renewable, polluting, and increasingly expensive fossil fuels.
Adherence to good farming practices with biotech crops will remain critical as it has been during the first decade and continued responsible stewardship must be practiced, particularly by the countries of the South, which will be the major deployers of biotech crops in the coming decade.
Adherence to good farming practices with biotech crops will remain critical as it has been during the first decade and continued responsible stewardship must be practiced, particularly by the countries of the South, which will be the major deployers of biotech crops in the coming decade.
Regulatory framework
Regulatory framework
Regulations on the import, processing and consumption of GM products are well developed in most developed and many developing countries.
Regulations on the import, processing and consumption of GM products are well developed in most developed and many developing countries.
All developed countries have regulatory systems in place and are conducting biosafety assessments.
All developed countries have regulatory systems in place and are conducting biosafety assessments.
The basis for these regulations and the methods used for determining biosafety vary according to country, but all are based on a precautionary approach to food and feed safety and the Codex Alimentarus (produced by WHO) approach to evaluating food and feed safety and quality by evaluating substantial equivalence and a detaiIed analysis of differences.
The basis for these regulations and the methods used for determining biosafety vary according to country, but all are based on a precautionary approach to food and feed safety and the Codex Alimentarus (produced by WHO) approach to evaluating food and feed safety and quality by evaluating substantial equivalence and a detaiIed analysis of differences.
Many developing countries also have regulatory systems following models developed in US, Europe or elsewhere.
Many developing countries also have regulatory systems following models developed in US, Europe or elsewhere.
International agencies such as OECD, UN (FAO, UNEP), WHO, WTO etc. are all involved in capacity building and attempting to harmonise regulations in order to allow free movement and trade in products once their food/feed safety has been established by the regulatory authorities of various countries.
International agencies such as OECD, UN (FAO, UNEP), WHO, WTO etc. are all involved in capacity building and attempting to harmonise regulations in order to allow free movement and trade in products once their food/feed safety has been established by the regulatory authorities of various countries.
UNEP established a Biosafety Clearing House (an information exchange mechanism for GMOs) which provides a database of biosafety data and risk assessments of each GMO application (both experimental and commercialisation) in all countries involved in the scheme.
UNEP established a Biosafety Clearing House (an information exchange mechanism for GMOs) which provides a database of biosafety data and risk assessments of each GMO application (both experimental and commercialisation) in all countries involved in the scheme.
The Cartagena protocol of the CBD was partly established in order to provide protection for countries from importation of GM foods/feeds and products for processing where relevant biosafety evaluations had not been conducted.
The Cartagena protocol of the CBD was partly established in order to provide protection for countries from importation of GM foods/feeds and products for processing where relevant biosafety evaluations had not been conducted.
It enables an importing country to declare, via the Biosafety Clearing House, that it wishes to take a decision based on risk assessment information before agreeing to accept an import.
It enables an importing country to declare, via the Biosafety Clearing House, that it wishes to take a decision based on risk assessment information before agreeing to accept an import.
In the European Union
In the European Union
In February 2001, the EP adopted Directive 2001/18/EC, which defined new GM crop rules which came into force in October 2002.
In February 2001, the EP adopted Directive 2001/18/EC, which defined new GM crop rules which came into force in October 2002.
It presents a substantially revised version of the previous Directives.
It presents a substantially revised version of the previous Directives.
Central in these regulations is that GM is considered something new and special for which existing legislation is not sufficient.
Central in these regulations is that GM is considered something new and special for which existing legislation is not sufficient.
The EU regulatory system is therefore process-based rather than product-based: the way something is made determines the regulatory framework.
The EU regulatory system is therefore process-based rather than product-based: the way something is made determines the regulatory framework.