natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
· providing preferential access to areas that are closed to vessels not using selective gear;
· providing preferential access to areas that are closed to vessels not using selective gear;
· allowing vessels with more selective gear to fish during times when others not allowed.
· allowing vessels with more selective gear to fish during times when others not allowed.
An early example of the use of positive incentives occurred in the Eastern Pacific purse seine fishery for tuna in the 1990s.
An early example of the use of positive incentives occurred in the Eastern Pacific purse seine fishery for tuna in the 1990s.
Pressure to reduce catches of dolphins was forcing seiners to set their nets on floating objects, resulting in large by-catches of many species other than dolphins.
Pressure to reduce catches of dolphins was forcing seiners to set their nets on floating objects, resulting in large by-catches of many species other than dolphins.
The fishermen realized it was in their interest to reduce dolphin catches, so a scheme was established to allocate vessel-specific quotas for dolphins - after the quota was reached, vessels could no longer fish by setting their nets around dolphins and must switch to other methods.
The fishermen realized it was in their interest to reduce dolphin catches, so a scheme was established to allocate vessel-specific quotas for dolphins - after the quota was reached, vessels could no longer fish by setting their nets around dolphins and must switch to other methods.
The results were spectacular - fishermen developed their own methods to avoid killing dolphins and dolphin mortality fell from several tens of thousands to less than 1,000 per year.
The results were spectacular - fishermen developed their own methods to avoid killing dolphins and dolphin mortality fell from several tens of thousands to less than 1,000 per year.
This principle has been applied in EU legislation already.
This principle has been applied in EU legislation already.
In the Nephrops fishery, trawls equipped with a sorting grid are given extra days at sea if they meet catch composition requirements (at least 70% Nephrops , <5% cod).
In the Nephrops fishery, trawls equipped with a sorting grid are given extra days at sea if they meet catch composition requirements (at least 70% Nephrops , <5% cod).
Such forms of preferential access for fishermen meeting certain criteria could be done on an EU-wide basis, as the Nephrops example, or by a Member State with respect to its allocation of a quota.
Such forms of preferential access for fishermen meeting certain criteria could be done on an EU-wide basis, as the Nephrops example, or by a Member State with respect to its allocation of a quota.
Neither of these would interfere with the concept of relative stability.
Neither of these would interfere with the concept of relative stability.
This approach makes full use of the undoubted expertise of the fishing industry in order to resolve one of the industry's own largest problems - the discarding and waste of significant quantities of fish and other species.
This approach makes full use of the undoubted expertise of the fishing industry in order to resolve one of the industry's own largest problems - the discarding and waste of significant quantities of fish and other species.
The photograph
The photograph
Dr Andy Revill, CEFAS (Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science), Lowestoft Laboratory, Parkfield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT UK shows how dramatically by-catch can be reduced using selective gear.
Dr Andy Revill, CEFAS (Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science), Lowestoft Laboratory, Parkfield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT UK shows how dramatically by-catch can be reduced using selective gear.
Certain segments of the fishing industry have already demonstrated their willingness and ability to develop innovative techniques to avoid discards.
Certain segments of the fishing industry have already demonstrated their willingness and ability to develop innovative techniques to avoid discards.
· Participants in the French trawl fishery for Nephrops in the Bay of Biscay have experimented since 2002 with gear modifications to reduce the capture of small Nephrops and certain fish such as small hake.
· Participants in the French trawl fishery for Nephrops in the Bay of Biscay have experimented since 2002 with gear modifications to reduce the capture of small Nephrops and certain fish such as small hake.
A combination of a sorting grid and square meshes in or ahead of the codend produces very significant reductions but problems remain for Nephrops and the work continues.
A combination of a sorting grid and square meshes in or ahead of the codend produces very significant reductions but problems remain for Nephrops and the work continues.
The use of square mesh was made compulsory in the fishery, first by the industry itself (2004), then by the EU (2006).
The use of square mesh was made compulsory in the fishery, first by the industry itself (2004), then by the EU (2006).
· Beginning on 1 September 2007, the Scottish industry, in cooperation with the Scottish Executive, initiated a voluntary system of real-time closures in ICES areas IV and VI.
· Beginning on 1 September 2007, the Scottish industry, in cooperation with the Scottish Executive, initiated a voluntary system of real-time closures in ICES areas IV and VI.
If on-board observers detect catches of small cod (specifically, 60 cod per hour of fishing) then further samples are taken and, if confirmed, a closed area of 15 miles square is created for a period of 21 days.
If on-board observers detect catches of small cod (specifically, 60 cod per hour of fishing) then further samples are taken and, if confirmed, a closed area of 15 miles square is created for a period of 21 days.
Vessels from other Member States are encouraged to follow the scheme
Vessels from other Member States are encouraged to follow the scheme
Details of the scheme will be published at
Details of the scheme will be published at
· Since 1 February 2004, Swedish regulations require the use of a sorting grid in Nephrops trawls, which have been quite effective in reducing discards of juvenile Nephrops and commercial fish.
· Since 1 February 2004, Swedish regulations require the use of a sorting grid in Nephrops trawls, which have been quite effective in reducing discards of juvenile Nephrops and commercial fish.
These regulations only apply to Swedish vessels operating in the 3 mile coastal zone in the Kattegat and 4 mile zone in the Skagerrak, not to Norwegian or Danish vessels that benefit from bilateral agreements to fish in the Swedish coastal zone, since the CFP allows Member States very little room for innovative actions in conserving fish stocks, given the "exclusive competence" of the EU in fisheries.
These regulations only apply to Swedish vessels operating in the 3 mile coastal zone in the Kattegat and 4 mile zone in the Skagerrak, not to Norwegian or Danish vessels that benefit from bilateral agreements to fish in the Swedish coastal zone, since the CFP allows Member States very little room for innovative actions in conserving fish stocks, given the "exclusive competence" of the EU in fisheries.
The fishing industry is able to develop methods to reduce discards, without being micro-managed by detailed technical measures, provided that there is sufficient incentive.
The fishing industry is able to develop methods to reduce discards, without being micro-managed by detailed technical measures, provided that there is sufficient incentive.
For instance, one of the reasons that the French Nephrops fishery began its investigations was concern over a possible change in mesh size from 70mm to 100mm.
For instance, one of the reasons that the French Nephrops fishery began its investigations was concern over a possible change in mesh size from 70mm to 100mm.
Since both the causes of discards and the measures needed to reduce them vary from fishery to fishery, no single solution will work throughout the Community.
Since both the causes of discards and the measures needed to reduce them vary from fishery to fishery, no single solution will work throughout the Community.
Possibly the best approach is a combination of positive incentives to encourage fishermen to develop the appropriate methods, reinforced with the possibility of increasingly severe negative incentives if sufficient results are not forth-coming.
Possibly the best approach is a combination of positive incentives to encourage fishermen to develop the appropriate methods, reinforced with the possibility of increasingly severe negative incentives if sufficient results are not forth-coming.
For instance, one or more pilot fisheries could be chosen, with priority for those with the highest discard rate or species that are particularly vulnerable (sharks, seabirds, etc).
For instance, one or more pilot fisheries could be chosen, with priority for those with the highest discard rate or species that are particularly vulnerable (sharks, seabirds, etc).
It should have a well-documented and acknowledged discard rate - it is crucial that the data on the extent of discards be accepted by all concerned, including the industry.
It should have a well-documented and acknowledged discard rate - it is crucial that the data on the extent of discards be accepted by all concerned, including the industry.
For the sake of illustration, suppose the discard rate is over half of what is caught - 30% juvenile fish and 25% unwanted species.
For the sake of illustration, suppose the discard rate is over half of what is caught - 30% juvenile fish and 25% unwanted species.
Fishermen could be given a period of two years to experiment with techniques to reduce discards, with the target being to reduce each type (juveniles and other species) by half.
Fishermen could be given a period of two years to experiment with techniques to reduce discards, with the target being to reduce each type (juveniles and other species) by half.
At the end of that period, proven techniques would be added to the EU legislative base, as was done for the French Nephrops fishery.
At the end of that period, proven techniques would be added to the EU legislative base, as was done for the French Nephrops fishery.
If results are insufficient, then a significant increase in mesh size would be imposed.
If results are insufficient, then a significant increase in mesh size would be imposed.
After another two years, if the situation had not improved, a discard ban would be imposed for that fishery.
After another two years, if the situation had not improved, a discard ban would be imposed for that fishery.
While these pilot fisheries are being dealt with, the extent of discards in other fisheries should be evaluated.
While these pilot fisheries are being dealt with, the extent of discards in other fisheries should be evaluated.
Cooperation and a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas by all concerned is necessary - most importantly the fishing industry, but also various state players, market associations, NGOs and other stakeholders.
Cooperation and a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas by all concerned is necessary - most importantly the fishing industry, but also various state players, market associations, NGOs and other stakeholders.
This could occur at the level of producer organization, national fishermen's association or RAC, or some level of organization created for the purpose.
This could occur at the level of producer organization, national fishermen's association or RAC, or some level of organization created for the purpose.
The industry's motivation is essential, at first by positive incentives and, if that fails, by some form of penalty; it is in the industry's own interest to reduce discards, for the sake of their image and to improve the status of the fish stocks.
The industry's motivation is essential, at first by positive incentives and, if that fails, by some form of penalty; it is in the industry's own interest to reduce discards, for the sake of their image and to improve the status of the fish stocks.
Suggestions for positive incentives have been mentioned above, but doubtless others exist.
Suggestions for positive incentives have been mentioned above, but doubtless others exist.
A total discard ban is not the only possible negative incentive either.
A total discard ban is not the only possible negative incentive either.
Another idea could be for a TAC to be divided into a target quota and a by-catch quota.
Another idea could be for a TAC to be divided into a target quota and a by-catch quota.
Fishing vessels that caught the species as a by-catch would be fishing against the by-catch quota and, once that quota was reached, they could be required to stop fishing or else "acquire" quota from some other sector.
Fishing vessels that caught the species as a by-catch would be fishing against the by-catch quota and, once that quota was reached, they could be required to stop fishing or else "acquire" quota from some other sector.
A system such as this has been set up in Iceland, apparently with some success.
A system such as this has been set up in Iceland, apparently with some success.
This could be done either within the EU TAC as a whole, or else by a Member State when allocating access for its vessels.
This could be done either within the EU TAC as a whole, or else by a Member State when allocating access for its vessels.
Given that the current TAC system is the result of delicate political compromise, as well as being one of the leading causes of discards, any changes to the TAC system must be very carefully thought through in order to avoid making the discard situation even worse.
Given that the current TAC system is the result of delicate political compromise, as well as being one of the leading causes of discards, any changes to the TAC system must be very carefully thought through in order to avoid making the discard situation even worse.
Some of these proposals concerning a discard ban have implications for the debate on rights-based management, such as transfer of quota.
Some of these proposals concerning a discard ban have implications for the debate on rights-based management, such as transfer of quota.
All of this will require money.
All of this will require money.
Allocation of EFF money to this end is a Member State prerogative.
Allocation of EFF money to this end is a Member State prerogative.
The Fund could be amended to allow more flexible use of it, for new techniques of information exchange to facilitate some of the new measures such as real-time closures or other initiatives.
The Fund could be amended to allow more flexible use of it, for new techniques of information exchange to facilitate some of the new measures such as real-time closures or other initiatives.
Industry sources of funding should be explored, such as a levy based upon the size of catches or dedicating a fixed, small percentage of the TAC to be used to fund research and observer programmes for monitoring.
Industry sources of funding should be explored, such as a levy based upon the size of catches or dedicating a fixed, small percentage of the TAC to be used to fund research and observer programmes for monitoring.
Alternatively, if a discard ban is imposed, proceeds from their sale could be used as a source of funds.
Alternatively, if a discard ban is imposed, proceeds from their sale could be used as a source of funds.
Some of the ideas mentioned above will require rather more trust and cooperation among the various players than is sometimes evident.
Some of the ideas mentioned above will require rather more trust and cooperation among the various players than is sometimes evident.
For instance, a system for closures in real time would require the establishment of an institutional framework able to take a decision very quickly, based upon previously agreed criteria, and have it respected by all.
For instance, a system for closures in real time would require the establishment of an institutional framework able to take a decision very quickly, based upon previously agreed criteria, and have it respected by all.
At present, a Member State does not have the legal right to impose technical measures on other vessels fishing in its coastal waters.
At present, a Member State does not have the legal right to impose technical measures on other vessels fishing in its coastal waters.
Perhaps it should.
Perhaps it should.
Alternatively, a mechanism for Member States to act jointly within the context of the CFP could be envisaged, whereby they could agree to a specific measure without the necessity to have it accepted by the Council as a whole.
Alternatively, a mechanism for Member States to act jointly within the context of the CFP could be envisaged, whereby they could agree to a specific measure without the necessity to have it accepted by the Council as a whole.
The EU fleet fishes in all major oceans of the world, including in some fisheries known to produce high levels of discards, such as shrimp trawling or tuna seining when fishing on floating objects.
The EU fleet fishes in all major oceans of the world, including in some fisheries known to produce high levels of discards, such as shrimp trawling or tuna seining when fishing on floating objects.
Measures taken to reduce discards in EU waters should be applied to EU-flagged vessels wherever they operate.
Measures taken to reduce discards in EU waters should be applied to EU-flagged vessels wherever they operate.
In conclusion, the Commission's communication is to be heartily welcomed, even while condemning the almost total lack of progress by the Commission, the Member States and the industry since the previous communication five years ago.
In conclusion, the Commission's communication is to be heartily welcomed, even while condemning the almost total lack of progress by the Commission, the Member States and the industry since the previous communication five years ago.
The Commission intends to act quickly, with certain aspects to be included in a new technical measures regulation in 2008.
The Commission intends to act quickly, with certain aspects to be included in a new technical measures regulation in 2008.
Hopefully the political climate is such that the Member States and the industry will react positively and use their imagination and commitment to reduce discards.
Hopefully the political climate is such that the Member States and the industry will react positively and use their imagination and commitment to reduce discards.
That is a long overdue necessity.
That is a long overdue necessity.
по политика за намаляване на нежелания съпътстващ улов и прекратяване на изхвърлянето на улов в европейското рибарство
on a policy to reduce unwanted by-catches and eliminate discards in European fisheries
Комисията по околна среда, обществено здраве и безопасност на храните приканва водещата комисия по рибно стопанство да включи в предложението за резолюция, което ще приеме, следните предложения:
The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety calls on the Committee on Fisheries, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution:
Приветства предложението на Комисията, първи опит за достигане до същината на проблема със съпътстващия улов, но подчертава неотложността на създаването на разпоредби за прекратяване на тази недопустима от гледна точка на околната среда и неморална практика, която в някои крайни случаи може да представлява до 90 % от целия улов на риба;
Welcomes the Commission's proposal as the first attempt to get to the heart of the by-catch problem but stresses the urgency of developing regulations to eliminate this environmentally unsustainable and immoral practice which in extreme cases can account for up to 90% of all fish caught;
Подчертава, че една политика на ЕС трябва да предвижда ефективни действия срещу всички видове съпътстващ улов ( включително, но не единствено, безгръбначни, корали, морски бозайници, птици и костенурки) и следва да насърчава риболовни методи, щадящи околната среда, които не застрашават морското биоразнообразие и не вредят ненужно на други живи организми;
Stresses that an EU policy needs to effectively tackle all the different types of by-catch (including, but not exclusively, invertebrates, corals, marine mammals, birds and turtles) and should promote enviromentally friendly catching methods which neither compromise marine biodiversity nor cause unnecessary injury to other living organisms;
Счита, че с оглед на твърде различните характеристики на рибите, от най-голямо значение е разпоредбите по отношение на риболова да са съобразени така, че значително да се намалят количествата риба, които се изхвърлят в отделните риболовни райони; счита, въпреки това, че квотите за съпътстващия улов никога не следва да превишават 25% и предлага автоматично влизане в сила на забрана за улов при превишаване на квотата за съпътстващия улов за даден вид риба;
Considers that, because fisheries vary greatly in nature, it is of the greatest importance to tailor fisheries legislation so as to significantly reduce the quantity of fish discarded in each specific fishery; considers, however, that the by-catch quotas should never exceed 25% and proposes that a fishing ban should automatically come into effect if one species of fish exceeds that by-catch quota;
Въпреки че намира съпътстващия улов като цяло за неоправдан, признава известния факт, че някои видове имат силна способност за оцеляване при обратно хвърляне във водата и че дерогации от забрана за риболов за тези, както и за застрашените и защитените видове, следва да бъдат дадени, при условие че се предоставят задоволителни научни доказателства за техния потенциал за оцеляване;
Although by-catch as a general practice is unjustifiable, recognises that some species are known to have a high survival rate on release and that derogations to a fishing ban for these as well as endangered and protected species should be authorised providing that adequate scientific justification of their survival potential is given;
Призовава Комисията да вземе предвид съществуващото научно мнение относно запасите от балтийска треска, при които голям процент от улова е регистриран като съпътстващ улов;
Calls on the Commission to take into account the available scientific opinion on the Baltic cod stocks, where a huge percentage of catches are registered as by-catches;
Призовава Комисията да приеме забавеното от дълго време предложение за стратегия относно акулите;
Calls on the Commission to adopt its long overdue proposed strategy on sharks;
Призовава Комисията да вземе предвид съществуващото научно мнение относно албатросите, които особено при риболова със стръв, понастоящем биват избивани с темпове, които ги излагат на опасност от изчезване;
Calls on the Commission to take into account the available scientific opinion on albatrosses which, notably in long line fisheries, are currently being killed at a rate that is putting them in danger of extinction;
Настоява, че следва да се дава предимство на действия срещу главните нарушители, тоест видове риболов, при които изхвърлянето на улова е най голямо и най-разпространено, например бим-траловете, тралове за лангустина и тралове за бяла риба;
Insists that priority should be given to tackling the worst offenders, those fisheries with the highest and most widespread discards, for example beam trawlers, Nephrops trawls and whitefish trawls;
Предлага практикуването на изхвърляне на улов, резултат от несъвместимостта на техническите правила за изисквани минимални размери на разтоварваната на сушата риба (MLS) и размерите на дупките на мрежите, да бъде разгледано най-напред, тъй като за него най-лесно може да бъде намерено решение;
Suggests that discard practices that result from the incompatibility of technical rules on minimum landing size (MLS) and mesh sizes be looked at with priority as these are relatively easy to rectify;