natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ж. като има предвид, че средно около 14% от трудово заетите жени в ЕС работят в промишлеността, като при все това в някои страни този процент надхвърля 25%, че над 21% от въпросната средна стойност работят на непълно работно време, както и че жените съставляват 65% от работещите на непълно време в сектора на промишлеността,
G. whereas, on average, around 14% of women in employment in the EU work in industry, but this figure rises to 25% in some countries; whereas, of that average, more than 21% are employed on a part-time basis, and whereas women represent 65% of part-time workers in this sector,
3. като има предвид, че е задължение на всяко предприятие да зачита принципа на равнопоставеност на работното място, независимо от размера му и сектора на дейност,
H. whereas companies have a general duty to comply with the principle of equality at the workplace, regardless of their size or the sector in which they operate,
И. като има предвид, че жените, които имат несигурна работа, работят на непълно работно време, които са временно заети и имат нетрадиционна работа, са обект на по-голяма дискриминация, по-специално когато станат майки и като цяло имат по-малко възможности за основно обучение, професионално обучение и обучение през целия живот; като има предвид, че жените, които имат несигурна работа и работят на непълно работно време, често не са в състояние да правят редовни вноски в пенсионен фонд и поради това са изложени на по-голям риск доходът им да не е достатъчен за издръжката им в по-късни етапи на живота;
I. whereas women in precarious, part-time, temporary and non-standard work suffer more discrimination, particularly when they become mothers, and generally have fewer opportunities for basic, life-long learning and vocational training; whereas women in precarious or part-time work are often unable to contribute consistently to a pension fund and are therefore at greater risk of not having a sufficient income with which to support themselves in later life,
Й. като има предвид, че цялостният подход към промишлената политика, препоръчван от Комисията (в споменатото по-горе съобщение, озаглавено "Прилагане в действие на програмата на Общността от Лисабон: политическа рамка за укрепване на преработващата промишленост в ЕС - към по-цялостен подход спрямо промишлената политика), не отчита в достатъчна степен свързаното с равнопоставеността на половете измерение, въпреки че икономическото и социално сближаване се съдържа сред неговите цели,
J. whereas the integrated vision of industrial policy advocated by the Commission (in the abovementioned Communication on ‘implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: a policy framework to strengthen EU manufacturing - towards a more integrated approach for industrial policy’) does not take sufficient account of the gender dimension, even though it includes economic and social cohesion among its objectives,
К. като има предвид, че 99% от преработвателната промишленост, в която е съсредоточена 86% от женската работна сила в промишлеността, се състои от малки и средни предприятия (МСП), в които е заета 58% от работната ръка като цяло в този сектор,
K. whereas the manufacturing industry, in which 86% of the female industrial workforce is concentrated, comprises 99% small and medium-sized undertakings (SMEs), which employ around 58% of the total workforce in this sector,
Л. като има предвид, че развитието на системата на труд в промишлеността се характеризира понастоящем предимно с изместване на традиционните схеми на заетост, отколкото с подобряване на условията на труд и перспективите за кариера, по-специално за жените,
L. whereas the development of work in industry is currently characterised more by the erosion of traditional patterns of employment than by an improvement in working conditions and career opportunities, particularly for women,
М. като има предвид, че обществената нагласа, според която промишлеността е неподходяща сфера за жени, води до дискриминация, която от своя страна води до липса на мотивация на работещите жени, влошаване на техните резултати, оттегляне от кариерата, омаловажаване на уменията им и по-нататъшно намаляване на професионалните им перспективи,
M. whereas the cultural attitude that considers industry as an inappropriate field for women leads to discrimination, which in turn leads to the demotivation of women workers, a reduction in their work performance, their withdrawal from careers, depreciation of their skills and a further reduction in the opportunities they enjoy,
Н. като има предвид, че съществува тясна обвързаност между липсата на детски заведения, работата по необходимост на непълно работно време, както и отсъствието на възможности за обучение и подкрепа при професионалното приобщаване, което би могло да принуди жените да останат на по-ниско квалифицирана работа без достатъчни перспективи за кариера,
N. whereas there is a close link between the lack of childcare structures, involuntary recourse to part-time work and the lack of training opportunities and reinstatement aid, which threatens to leave women in the least qualified posts without adequate career prospects,
О. като има предвид липсата на статистическите данни по полов признак относно разпределението на труда в различните социално-професионални категории и съответното равнище на заплащане в промишлените сектори,
O. whereas there are few gender-differentiated statistics on the division of labour in the various occupational categories and the corresponding wage levels in industrial sectors,
П. като има предвид, че здравните рискове и видовете професионални заболявания могат да бъдат различни при жените и мъжете, както и че е важно да се анализират по-задълбочено съществуващите случаи и техните последици, като се отчетат също така специфичните последици за бременността,
P. whereas the health risks and types of occupational illness may be different for women and for men, and it is therefore important to analyse current situations and their consequences and study them in greater depth, also taking account of specific consequences as regards childbearing,
Р. като има предвид, че непрекъснатото образование и ускореното обучение увеличават производителността на труда на жените и приноса им към икономиката,
Q. whereas continuing education and accelerated learning increase the productivity of women and the contribution they make,
С. като има предвид, че е необходима единствено работна атмосфера без дискриминации, благоприятстваща за дееспособността на служителките и служителите и за създаването на среда, в която всяка отделна личност е уважавана, а целите й са признати,
R. whereas a non-discriminatory working environment is the only kind capable of nurturing the productive potential of both female and male employees and it is essential to create a climate in which every individual is valued and his or her goals are recognised,
Директива 75/117/ЕИО на Съвета от 10 февруари 1975 година за сближаване на законодателствата на държавите-членки относно прилагането на принципа за равно заплащана на мъжете и жените (ОВ L 45 от 19.2.1975 г., стр. 19). с цел борба с дискриминацията в заплащането, по-специално чрез засилено участие на синдикалните организации и изготвянето на поетапни планове по сектори, съдържащи конкретни цели, които да доведат до прекратяване на пряката и непряка дискриминация в заплащането;
Council Directive 75/117/EEC of 10 February 1975 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the application of the principle of equal pay for men and women (OJ L 45, 19.2.1975, p.
Приети текстове, 20.6.2007 г., P6_TA(2007)0269 ;
Texts adopted, 20.6.2007, P6_TA(2007)0269 . ;
35. изразява съжаление относно ниския процент жени в сектора на високите технологии и подчертава значимостта на програми за образование и обучение в областта на науката и технологиите, гарантиращи качество и разнообразие на обучението, предлагано на жените в различните държави-членки и насърчаване на изучаването на наука и технологии сред момичетата;
Regrets the low proportion of women in the advanced technology sector and stresses the importance of operational educational and training programmes in science and technology, guaranteeing the quality and diversification of training opportunities for women in the various Member States and the promotion of scientific and technological studies for girls;
50. подчертава необходимостта от закрила на правата на работничките и работниците в процеса на преструктуриране на промишлените предприятия, необходимостта от пълно гарантиране на организациите им, по-специално на европейските работнически комитети в целия ход на тези процеси, наличието на информация и възможност за решителна намеса, в т.ч. правото на глас, както и необходимостта от определяне на критериите за обезщетенията, дължими на работничките и работниците в случай на незачитане на договорните задължения от страна на предприятието;
Insists on protection for the rights of female and male workers in restructuring processes affecting industrial undertakings, on the need to guarantee their structures, in particular the European Works Councils, full access to information and the possibility of decisive intervention throughout the process, including the right to vote, and on the need to define the criteria for the compensation that would be owed to workers in the event of the undertaking failing to comply with its contractual obligations;
L'industrie européenne est en grande mutation, mais elle conserve une importance stratégique pour le développement de l'ensemble des États membres de l'Union européenne, et une réflexion sur le secteur du point de vue de l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes s’impose.
European industry is undergoing significant change, but it retains strategic importance for the development of all European Union Member States, and it is therefore worth considering the sector from the point of view of equality between men and women.
Il y a une diversité de secteurs très hétérogènes, dans lesquels la présence, le rôle et les perspectives des femmes qui y travaillent sont particulièrement différentes.
There is a wide range of highly heterogeneous sectors, in which the presence, role and prospects of women working in those sectors differ considerably.
D’une part, les secteurs « traditionnels » d’occupation féminine se concentrent dans l’industrie de transformation, avec près de 85% d’emploi féminin industriel total.
On the one hand, the ‘traditional’ sectors in which women are employed are concentrated in the manufacturing industry, with around 85% of total female industrial employment.
De l'autre, apparaissent les nouveaux secteurs des TIC avec 15% de cet emploi, et l'industrie de pointe (aéronautique, industrie chimique) où les femmes sont peu représentées.
On the other hand there are the newly emerging ICT sectors, with 15%, and cutting-edge industry (aeronautics, chemical industry), where women are represented only to a small extent.
Dans l’enquête sur les forces de travail dans l’Union européenne d’Eurostat, nous pouvons constater que sur près de 200 millions de personnes employées ou exerçant une activité économique dans l’Union européenne, plus de 44% sont des femmes.
The Eurostat study on labour forces in the European Union shows that, of around 200 million people employed or exercising an economic activity in the European Union, more than 44% are women.
En moyenne, plus de 14% des femmes employées travaillent dans l’industrie, mais dans certains pays, ce pourcentage avoisine les 25% ou plus, en particulier en Bulgarie avec 28% et dans certains nouveaux États membres de l'Est, comme la République tchèque (26%), la Slovaquie et la Roumanie, et dans d'autres, elle avoisine les 20%, comme en Grèce, en Hongrie et au Portugal.
On average, more than 14% of employed women work in industry, with this percentage rising to 25% or more in some countries, reaching a peak of 28% in Bulgaria and various other new Member States in Eastern Europe such as the Czech Republic (26%), Slovakia and Romania, and standing at around 20% in other countries such as Greece, Hungary and Portugal.
On note encore que cet emploi est, bien souvent, à temps partiel (plus de 21%), et que les femmes représentent près de 65% des travailleurs à temps partiel dans ce secteur.
It might also be noted that, in many cases, this takes the form of part-time employment (more than 21%), and that women represent around 65% of part-time workers in this sector.
Emploi et politique industrielle
Employment and industrial policy
Étudier la situation des femmes dans l'industrie implique une analyse des différentes politiques communautaires, afin de souligner les priorités commues, les spécificités et les divergences et contradictions.
Studying the situation of women in industry entails an analysis of various Community policies in order to highlight the common priorities, specific characteristics, divergences and contradictions.
La Commission européenne a présenté l’analyse de l’industrie dans le contexte de la Stratégie de Lisbonne, au moyen de sa communication ( COM(2005)0474 ) intitulée « Mettre en œuvre le programme communautaire de Lisbonne : Un cadre politique pour renforcer l’industrie manufacturière de l’UE - vers une approche plus intégrée de la politique industrielle ».
The Commission placed its analysis of industry in the context of the Lisbon Strategy in its communication ( COM(2005)0474 ) on ‘implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: a policy framework to strengthen EU manufacturing - towards a more integrated approach for industrial policy’.
Dans ce document, on indique, entre autres, que « La Commission reste donc fidèle à ses engagements d’appliquer une politique industrielle visant à encourager et à faciliter le processus de l’innovation et les mutations industrielles », et soulignant aussi que « La communication sur le programme d’action pour la croissance et l’emploi observe en particulier que la politique industrielle repose sur un partenariat entre l’UE et les États membres ».
Inter alia, this document states that the Commission stands by its commitments to apply an industrial policy aimed at encouraging and facilitating the process of industrial innovation and change, stressing that the communication on the action programme for growth and employment noted that industrial policy is based on a partnership between the EU and Member States .
Mais les défis relatifs à l’emploi, dans le cadre de ce document, ne comprennent aucune dimension de genre, et ne valorisent donc pas comme il se doit la participation des femmes dans aucun des secteurs de l'industrie, où elles sont majoritairement reléguées pour les travaux sans qualifications, lesquels sont les plus vulnérables en cas de restructuration.
However, the challenges in relation to employment set out in this document take no account of the gender dimension, and consequently they do not give due recognition to women’s participation in some sectors of industry, where they are generally relegated to unskilled work which makes them more vulnerable in the event of restructuring.
Aussi, convient-il d'insister sur la nécessité du recours méthodique au "gender mainstreaming" dans l'établissement de la politique industrielle communautaire.
It is therefore important to stress the need for systematic recourse to gender mainstreaming when shaping Community industrial policy.
Cette approche méthodique, qui devrait comprendre une participation active de tous les partenaires sociaux, doit permettre une évaluation des parties intéressées par les défis, secteur par secteur, en tenant compte du niveau d'employabilité et de la cohésion économique, sociale et territoriale.
This methodical approach, which should include active participation by all the social partners, should enable an assessment to be made for all the parties concerned by the challenges, sector by sector, taking account of the level of employability and of economic, social and regional cohesion.
La perte de compétitivité d'une entreprise peut découler tant d'une main-d’œuvre non préparée pour les changements technologiques, que d'une incapacité à maintenir les ressources humaines dues à une politique de conciliation inadéquate, ou à la prévalence de priorités de la concurrence et du commerce mondial en affectant les droits des femmes et la cohésion économique et sociale.
An undertaking’s loss of competitiveness may result from a workforce left unprepared for technological changes or from an inability to retain human resources owing to an inadequate conciliation policy or the prevalence of competition and world trade priorities to the detriment of women’s rights and economic and social cohesion.
C'est pourquoi les risques sont profondément féminisés parce que les parties concernées sont, en premier lieu, les femmes des secteurs industriels plus fragiles.
Consequently the risks are profoundly feminised, since the parties involved are primarily women in the most fragile industrial sectors.
Le problème statistique
The statistical problem
Les recherches effectuées indiquent qu’il existe un manque de données ventilées par sexe et par fonction au sein des entreprises, ce qui, d’une part, rend difficile les comparaisons entre les différents secteurs et, de l’autre, ne permet pas d’évaluer avec une précision suffisante la différenciation des fonctions fondées sur le genre.
The investigations made show that there is a lack of data broken down by gender and function in undertakings, which makes it difficult to draw comparisons between the various sectors and makes it impossible to carry out a sufficiently precise assessment of the gender-based differentiation of functions.
Ces lacunes ont des répercussions significatives tant sur le plan de l'évaluation de la différence réelle de salaire, soit dans l'analyse de l'évolution des carrières des femmes au sein des entreprises.
These shortcomings have significant repercussions both for the assessment of the actual wage gap and the analysis of career development for women within undertakings.
On sait que dans certains secteurs, il existe encore des différences de salaires entre les hommes et les femmes de près de 20% pour des travaux similaires.
It has been established that in some sectors there are still wage differences of around 20% between men and women in similar jobs.
En outre, les catégories professionnelles où dominent les femmes ont des salaires plus bas et il n’est pas rare de trouver dans des usines majoritairement d’emploi féminin des chefs majoritairement masculins.
Moreover, the professional categories where women predominate have lower wages, and it is still common to find majority male management in factories with predominantly female staff.
À titre d’exemple, la recherche de l’EIRO sur une approche intégrée de l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes dans les relations industrielles souligne le problème des données statistiques quantitatives.
For example, the EIRO study on an integrated approach to gender equality in industrial relations highlights the problem of quantitative statistical data.
Il est certain qu’il importe d’approfondir la collecte de données qualitatives (exemple, bonnes pratiques) en incluant ce qui se passe au niveau des accords collectifs de travail, notamment la valeur légale et le degré d’application en ce qui concerne les clauses d’égalité de droits et des chances.
It is important to improve the collection of qualitative data (for example on good practices), including in relation to collective labour agreements, above all the legal status of and degree of compliance with clauses relating to equal rights and opportunities.
Mais il importe aussi de développer et d’approfondir la collecte de statistiques différenciées par sexe, de manière à pouvoir évaluer et développer davantage la dimension de genre dans les études et les sondages/enquêtes nationaux sur les conditions de travail, afin de déterminer avec précision les difficultés e les besoins spécifiques des femmes et des hommes.
But it is also important to develop and improve the collection of gender-differentiated statistics so that the gender dimension can be better assessed and explored in national studies and surveys/investigations on working conditions with a view to precisely identifying the specific difficulties and needs of women and men.
La formation professionnelle
Vocational training
La Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration des conditions de travail, dans son sondage sur les conditions de travail 2005, affirme que les employés à temps partiel (en majorité les femmes) ont, en général, un accès limité à la formation professionnelle.
In its 2005 survey on working conditions, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Working Conditions noted that part-time workers (the vast majority of whom are women) generally have limited access to vocational training.
En outre, il convient de souligner que dans les PME, qui emploient près de 60% de main-d’œuvre dans l’industrie de transformation, l’accès à la formation continue constitue un problème majeur, vu le manque de possibilités de rotation, compte tenu de l’effectif réduit.
Furthermore, it should be pointed out that in SMEs, which employ around 60% of the workforce in the manufacturing industry, access to continuous training is a significant problem given the lack of rotation possibilities owing to the small number of staff.
Aussi, est-il essentiel de garantir des formes de soutien aux PME pour faire face à des difficultés accrues de manière à favoriser le maintien de l’emploi des femmes qui y travaillent en situation précaire.
It is therefore vital to guarantee forms of support to offset the added difficulties facing SMEs in order to foster the continued employment of women working under insecure conditions in SMEs.
La persistance des stéréotypes commence dans le choix de l’éducation des filles et des garçons, mais se reflète aussi dans la division du travail dans l'industrie et au sein des entreprises.
The persistence of stereotypes starts with the choice of education for girls and boys but is also reflected in the division of labour in industry and within undertakings.
On sait que, malgré l’augmentation du nombre de filles dans les études techniques et scientifiques, les obstacles rencontrés dans les phases postérieures des études et dans le premier milieu professionnel suscitent chez les jeunes femmes un abandon des carrières scientifiques au sein de l'industrie.
It has been established that, despite the increase in the number of girls studying science and technology, the obstacles encountered at subsequent stages of their studies and in their first working environment lead young women to abandon scientific careers in industry.
Ainsi, les projets existants dans le domaine des TIC ont pour objectif de redéfinir les postes professionnels pour attirer un plus grand nombre de filles pour ce marché du travail.
Current projects in the field of ICT therefore aim to redefine occupational posts in order to attract a larger number of girls to this labour market.
Les partenaires sociaux
Social partners
Le Parlement européen dans sa résolution du 10 septembre 2002, sur la participation des femmes aux organes des partenaires sociaux de l’UE, a souligné l’absence de participation des femmes aux organes de décision, en invitant la Commission et les partenaires sociaux à s’engager activement pour favoriser l’égalité des genres dans ce domaine.
In its resolution of 25 September 2002 on representation of women among the social partners of the EU, Parliament highlighted the lack of women’s participation in decision-making bodies and invited the Commission and the social partners to play an active part in promoting gender equality in this field.
Dans les enquêtes sur le rôle des femmes dans les Syndicats, Homa Dean
In a study on the role of women in trade unions, Homa Dean