natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The idea of Integrated Coastal Zone Management was first mooted in 1994, when a Council Resolution stressed the need for a Community strategy for coastal zones based on the principles of sustainable development.
The idea of Integrated Coastal Zone Management was first mooted in 1994, when a Council Resolution stressed the need for a Community strategy for coastal zones based on the principles of sustainable development.
In 2002, the Commission issued a recommendation setting out eight principles on which ICZM should be based.
In 2002, the Commission issued a recommendation setting out eight principles on which ICZM should be based.
This recommendation calls on coastal Member States to submit to the Commission before the end of February 2006 progress reports on the drawing up and implementation of their national ICZM strategies.
This recommendation calls on coastal Member States to submit to the Commission before the end of February 2006 progress reports on the drawing up and implementation of their national ICZM strategies.
It also called on the Commission to submit an evaluation report to the European Parliament and Council on progress in implementing ICZM.
It also called on the Commission to submit an evaluation report to the European Parliament and Council on progress in implementing ICZM.
Of the 20 coastal Member States of the EU, 14 have forwarded official reports to the Commission: these account for 65% of EU coastal States and over 70% of the length of the European coastline.
Of the 20 coastal Member States of the EU, 14 have forwarded official reports to the Commission: these account for 65% of EU coastal States and over 70% of the length of the European coastline.
Objectives and challenges
Objectives and challenges
The present Commission communication evaluates progress achieved in implementing ICZM, while at the same time outlining the shortcomings.
The present Commission communication evaluates progress achieved in implementing ICZM, while at the same time outlining the shortcomings.
The basic conclusions are as follows: there has been no effective coordination in implementing ICZM; exchanges of information are incomplete; not all users of coastal zones are properly represented; ICZM has been based on existing sectoral policies corresponding to the needs of coastal zones; and policies must be drawn up to prepare coastal zones for the impact of climatic change.
The basic conclusions are as follows: there has been no effective coordination in implementing ICZM; exchanges of information are incomplete; not all users of coastal zones are properly represented; ICZM has been based on existing sectoral policies corresponding to the needs of coastal zones; and policies must be drawn up to prepare coastal zones for the impact of climatic change.
Coastal zones today – impact on fishing and aquaculture
Coastal zones today – impact on fishing and aquaculture
In the past, coastal zones were considered to be of secondary importance for economic development; now, however, they are the most intensively exploited regions.
In the past, coastal zones were considered to be of secondary importance for economic development; now, however, they are the most intensively exploited regions.
The study evaluating the social and economic impact of ICZM lists 18 categories of activity carried out in coastal areas and 14 challenges they face owing to over-exploitation.
The study evaluating the social and economic impact of ICZM lists 18 categories of activity carried out in coastal areas and 14 challenges they face owing to over-exploitation.
Fishing and aquaculture are two such activities: they depend on the coastal zones and are therefore influenced by any change in them.
Fishing and aquaculture are two such activities: they depend on the coastal zones and are therefore influenced by any change in them.
This sector frequently suffers from the consequences of other activities in coastal zones.
This sector frequently suffers from the consequences of other activities in coastal zones.
When, for example, the Prestige sank in 2002 in the open sea off the Spanish coast, some 1000 km 2 of coastline were polluted in a region which is economically dependent on fishing and aquaculture.
When, for example, the Prestige sank in 2002 in the open sea off the Spanish coast, some 1000 km 2 of coastline were polluted in a region which is economically dependent on fishing and aquaculture.
An estimated 41 600 people depended directly on fishing, while in some regions up to 47.2% of the working population was employed in fishing and aquaculture.
An estimated 41 600 people depended directly on fishing, while in some regions up to 47.2% of the working population was employed in fishing and aquaculture.
Approximately 6 000 inshore fishing vessels suspended fishing, and even when restrictions were lifted, production was reduced owing to the environmental destruction which had occurred.
Approximately 6 000 inshore fishing vessels suspended fishing, and even when restrictions were lifted, production was reduced owing to the environmental destruction which had occurred.
It is estimated that a complete rehabilitation of the marine environment will take between 10 and 25 years
It is estimated that a complete rehabilitation of the marine environment will take between 10 and 25 years
Apart from oil slicks, maritime transport is also frequently responsible for accidentally transporting harmful exotic species, resulting in a reduction in the biodiversity of the ecosystems which these species invade
Apart from oil slicks, maritime transport is also frequently responsible for accidentally transporting harmful exotic species, resulting in a reduction in the biodiversity of the ecosystems which these species invade
European Environment Agency, 2006, ‘Priority issues in the Mediterranean environment’. .
European Environment Agency, 2006, ‘Priority issues in the Mediterranean environment’. .
The eutrophication of waters through industrial, urban and agricultural waste also has an impact on fisheries production.
The eutrophication of waters through industrial, urban and agricultural waste also has an impact on fisheries production.
The problem is particularly serious in coastal and semi-closed marine areas.
The problem is particularly serious in coastal and semi-closed marine areas.
According to a report drawn up by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), eutrophication is responsible for a reduction in fish stocks in the Black Sea.
According to a report drawn up by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), eutrophication is responsible for a reduction in fish stocks in the Black Sea.
50% of nitrate pollution stems from land-based coastal activities, broken down as follows: 50% from agricultural activities, 25% from industrial activities and the remaining 25% from urban activities
50% of nitrate pollution stems from land-based coastal activities, broken down as follows: 50% from agricultural activities, 25% from industrial activities and the remaining 25% from urban activities
The problem becomes even more complex when river-borne pollution originates from third countries.
The problem becomes even more complex when river-borne pollution originates from third countries.
However, the viability of fishing and aquaculture is also being affected by the very rapid transformation of natural coastal areas into artificial surfaces.
However, the viability of fishing and aquaculture is also being affected by the very rapid transformation of natural coastal areas into artificial surfaces.
Between 1990 and 2000 it is estimated that artificial surfaces spread by 190 km 2 annually.
Between 1990 and 2000 it is estimated that artificial surfaces spread by 190 km 2 annually.
61% of this expansion is due to housing, tourism and recreation displacing other activities
61% of this expansion is due to housing, tourism and recreation displacing other activities
European Environmental Agency, 2006, ‘The changing areas of coastal areas’. .
European Environmental Agency, 2006, ‘The changing areas of coastal areas’. .
Regional planning has so far been land-based and has failed to take into account the impact of coastal development on certain marine activities.
Regional planning has so far been land-based and has failed to take into account the impact of coastal development on certain marine activities.
This has led to limits on fishing grounds and the degradation of marine habitats, i.e. the feeding, spawning and reproduction areas of some species.
This has led to limits on fishing grounds and the degradation of marine habitats, i.e. the feeding, spawning and reproduction areas of some species.
At the same time, lack of space is also a basic obstacle to the development of European aquaculture.
At the same time, lack of space is also a basic obstacle to the development of European aquaculture.
It should be pointed out that the consequences of over-exploiting coastal zones will be exacerbated by climate change.
It should be pointed out that the consequences of over-exploiting coastal zones will be exacerbated by climate change.
Although there are no adequate data on the impact on fishing and aquaculture, an initial study mentions that future losses in this sector owing to climate change are estimated at 200 million euros annually.
Although there are no adequate data on the impact on fishing and aquaculture, an initial study mentions that future losses in this sector owing to climate change are estimated at 200 million euros annually.
Here again, closed and semi-closed marine areas, such as the Baltic and the North Sea, are at greatest risk
Here again, closed and semi-closed marine areas, such as the Baltic and the North Sea, are at greatest risk
Fishing within the framework of Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Fishing within the framework of Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Integrated Coastal Zone Management is of great importance for fishing for three basic reasons.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management is of great importance for fishing for three basic reasons.
Firstly, fishing is a coastal activity par excellence and, as a result, is affected by changes in the local environment.
Firstly, fishing is a coastal activity par excellence and, as a result, is affected by changes in the local environment.
Fish stocks in coastal waters form the basis of many catches and many species caught offshore hatch and grow in coastal waters.
Fish stocks in coastal waters form the basis of many catches and many species caught offshore hatch and grow in coastal waters.
Secondly, fishing is not a source of pollution, but rather suffers the consequences of pollution caused by other activities pursued in coastal zones.
Secondly, fishing is not a source of pollution, but rather suffers the consequences of pollution caused by other activities pursued in coastal zones.
Thirdly, 80% of the Community fishing activity takes place in coastal regions which are heavily dependent upon it
Thirdly, 80% of the Community fishing activity takes place in coastal regions which are heavily dependent upon it
These are regions with fragile economies which cannot provide their inhabitants with alternative activities and are for the most part disadvantaged.
These are regions with fragile economies which cannot provide their inhabitants with alternative activities and are for the most part disadvantaged.
In 2003, some 63% of fishermen were to be found in less-favoured regions dependent on the fishing industry
In 2003, some 63% of fishermen were to be found in less-favoured regions dependent on the fishing industry
It should be pointed out here that over the past decade fishing has been in serious crisis owing to a reduction in fish stocks and we should therefore reduce to a minimum any further threat to it.
It should be pointed out here that over the past decade fishing has been in serious crisis owing to a reduction in fish stocks and we should therefore reduce to a minimum any further threat to it.
In particular, the fishing industry has suffered a 35% fall in the number of jobs, a 20% fall in the number of vessels and a 28% fall in catches.
In particular, the fishing industry has suffered a 35% fall in the number of jobs, a 20% fall in the number of vessels and a 28% fall in catches.
Fishing should therefore be included in ICZM, in particular the development and management of fisheries in coastal zones should be examined as part of the development and management of coastal zones.
Fishing should therefore be included in ICZM, in particular the development and management of fisheries in coastal zones should be examined as part of the development and management of coastal zones.
The European Fisheries Fund (ΕFF) can contribute to this process since it finances measures to ensure the viable development of fisheries and the protection of the marine environment and its living resources.
The European Fisheries Fund (ΕFF) can contribute to this process since it finances measures to ensure the viable development of fisheries and the protection of the marine environment and its living resources.
Furthermore, the EFF can support specific principles of ICZM, such as participatory planning and the highlighting of the special features of coastal communities.
Furthermore, the EFF can support specific principles of ICZM, such as participatory planning and the highlighting of the special features of coastal communities.
Furthermore, the EFF also supports the funding of a number of pilot projects which significantly strengthen the role of fishing in ICZM and the promotion of more selective and environmentally-friendly fishing methods.
Furthermore, the EFF also supports the funding of a number of pilot projects which significantly strengthen the role of fishing in ICZM and the promotion of more selective and environmentally-friendly fishing methods.
At all events, the most important element in ensuring the successful incorporation of fishing in ICZM is to involve fishing organisations in the planning stage.
At all events, the most important element in ensuring the successful incorporation of fishing in ICZM is to involve fishing organisations in the planning stage.
Using the experience of local fishermen will help identify the real problems and thereby ensure that coastal fishing communities remain and co-exist with other activities pursued in coastal zones.
Using the experience of local fishermen will help identify the real problems and thereby ensure that coastal fishing communities remain and co-exist with other activities pursued in coastal zones.
Aquaculture within the framework of ICZM
Aquaculture within the framework of ICZM
Aquaculture is also an activity principally pursued in coastal zones.
Aquaculture is also an activity principally pursued in coastal zones.
Since 1970, it has developed more rapidly than any other sector of food production, recording an annual average growth rate of 8%, and an annual production of approximately 45 million tonnes worldwide
Since 1970, it has developed more rapidly than any other sector of food production, recording an annual average growth rate of 8%, and an annual production of approximately 45 million tonnes worldwide
FAO, 2006, ‘The state of world fisheries and aquaculture’. .
FAO, 2006, ‘The state of world fisheries and aquaculture’. .
In an environment in which fisheries resources are becoming scarce and in which world demand for fish and shellfish is steadily rising, aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
In an environment in which fisheries resources are becoming scarce and in which world demand for fish and shellfish is steadily rising, aquaculture is becoming increasingly important.
The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation predicts that consumption of fish products will increase by 50% up to 2030 and that the lion’s share of this demand will be met by aquaculture.
The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation predicts that consumption of fish products will increase by 50% up to 2030 and that the lion’s share of this demand will be met by aquaculture.
In figures, this amounts to an increase in production of 40 million tonnes
In figures, this amounts to an increase in production of 40 million tonnes
European aquaculture could therefore benefit from this trend and exploit its comparative advantages.
European aquaculture could therefore benefit from this trend and exploit its comparative advantages.
These include the following: the EU is the largest market for fish products, has a long tradition of shellfish farming and fish farming in fresh and sea water, it has a dynamic, cutting-edge research capacity and modern technology, qualified and experienced fish farmers, suitable climatic conditions and ideal sites for the varieties farmed
These include the following: the EU is the largest market for fish products, has a long tradition of shellfish farming and fish farming in fresh and sea water, it has a dynamic, cutting-edge research capacity and modern technology, qualified and experienced fish farmers, suitable climatic conditions and ideal sites for the varieties farmed
Furthermore, the sector’s contribution to the economic and social cohesion of the regions where it is practised should be carefully borne in mind.
Furthermore, the sector’s contribution to the economic and social cohesion of the regions where it is practised should be carefully borne in mind.
In the EU as a whole, aquaculture is practised mainly in coastal zones and provides 80 000 jobs.
In the EU as a whole, aquaculture is practised mainly in coastal zones and provides 80 000 jobs.
In some Member States the value of farmed products is greater than that of products landed.
In some Member States the value of farmed products is greater than that of products landed.
In others, aquaculture represents a significant proportion of total production.
In others, aquaculture represents a significant proportion of total production.
In Greece, for instance, 50% of total annual production comes from aquaculture.
In Greece, for instance, 50% of total annual production comes from aquaculture.
That is not to say that European aquaculture is not also facing difficulties which affect its growth.
That is not to say that European aquaculture is not also facing difficulties which affect its growth.
Chief among these are inadequate regional planning and competition for space with the other coastal activities.
Chief among these are inadequate regional planning and competition for space with the other coastal activities.
Marine planning is expected to constitute a basic tool for the balanced development of all ICZM activities, including aquaculture.
Marine planning is expected to constitute a basic tool for the balanced development of all ICZM activities, including aquaculture.
As regards funding, the EFF can help link aquaculture with ICZM, since it provides the possibility of collecting qualitative data so as to draw up Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans.
As regards funding, the EFF can help link aquaculture with ICZM, since it provides the possibility of collecting qualitative data so as to draw up Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans.
Furthermore, EFF priority axis II supports the development of methods to reduce any impact of production on the marine environment.
Furthermore, EFF priority axis II supports the development of methods to reduce any impact of production on the marine environment.
Conclusions - your rapporteur’s comments
Conclusions - your rapporteur’s comments
Your rapporteur takes the view that the policy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management may constitute a suitable framework for the sustainable development of coastal zones and the viable development of activities pursued in these zones.
Your rapporteur takes the view that the policy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management may constitute a suitable framework for the sustainable development of coastal zones and the viable development of activities pursued in these zones.
He also maintains that special weight should be given to fishing and aquaculture, since they are activities which are directly dependent on coastal zones and stresses that the integration of marine regional planning in ICZM will contribute to the balanced development of activities pursued there, thereby giving an impetus to the development of aquaculture.
He also maintains that special weight should be given to fishing and aquaculture, since they are activities which are directly dependent on coastal zones and stresses that the integration of marine regional planning in ICZM will contribute to the balanced development of activities pursued there, thereby giving an impetus to the development of aquaculture.
Your rapporteur argues firstly that, long-term planning involving representatives of all sectors in coastal zones is needed.
Your rapporteur argues firstly that, long-term planning involving representatives of all sectors in coastal zones is needed.
Secondly, there must be effective coordination of the bodies involved in managing these zones.
Secondly, there must be effective coordination of the bodies involved in managing these zones.
In the event that the next assessment report on the implementation of ICZM also finds shortcomings in coordination, the proposal to establish a body for this purpose should be re-examined.
In the event that the next assessment report on the implementation of ICZM also finds shortcomings in coordination, the proposal to establish a body for this purpose should be re-examined.
Coordination must be based on appropriate information.
Coordination must be based on appropriate information.
Data-gathering for drawing up management studies for coastal zones must therefore be improved.
Data-gathering for drawing up management studies for coastal zones must therefore be improved.
These data should also include data on the state of the biodiversity in coastal zones, including fisheries resources.
These data should also include data on the state of the biodiversity in coastal zones, including fisheries resources.
Information and exchanges of data should also take place at regional level and with third countries, since regional cooperation is of key importance for addressing cross-border issues relating to coastal zones.
Information and exchanges of data should also take place at regional level and with third countries, since regional cooperation is of key importance for addressing cross-border issues relating to coastal zones.
From the financial point of view, your rapporteur wishes to stress the contribution of the European Fisheries Fund in including fishing and aquaculture in ICZM.
From the financial point of view, your rapporteur wishes to stress the contribution of the European Fisheries Fund in including fishing and aquaculture in ICZM.
Finally, your rapporteur takes the view that, after consulting Member States, the Commission should, after consulting Member States, draw up a clear timetable for examining progress in implementing Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the European Union.
Finally, your rapporteur takes the view that, after consulting Member States, the Commission should, after consulting Member States, draw up a clear timetable for examining progress in implementing Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the European Union.
PE 404.629v02-00
PE 404.629v02-00
- като взе предвид Регламент (ЕО) № 343/2003 на Съвета от 18 февруари 2003 г. за установяване на критерии и механизми за определяне на държава-членка, компетентна за разглеждането на молба за убежище, която е подадена в една от държавите-членки от гражданин на трета страна („Дъблинския регламент”)
– having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18 February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national ('the Dublin Regulation')
– като взе предвид Регламент (ЕО) № 2725/2000 на Съвета от 11 декември 2000 г.за създаване на система "Евродак" за сравняване на дактилоскопични отпечатъци с оглед ефективното прилагане на Дъблинската конвенция
– having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 2725/2000 of 11 December 2000 concerning the establishment of 'Eurodac' for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention