natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Europe will then have to take specific measures to avoid a situation where businesses give in to the temptation to relocate their production centres to such countries and to protect itself from those countries that create unfair competition by granting an implicit subsidy to their own industries in this way.
Europe will then have to take specific measures to avoid a situation where businesses give in to the temptation to relocate their production centres to such countries and to protect itself from those countries that create unfair competition by granting an implicit subsidy to their own industries in this way.
For two decades, international trade has been growing at a rate of two to two and a half times the rate of global production.
For two decades, international trade has been growing at a rate of two to two and a half times the rate of global production.
This imbalance is a result of the search for an international division of labour that optimises salary and tax costs in a context where GHG emissions are not properly internalised into transport costs.
This imbalance is a result of the search for an international division of labour that optimises salary and tax costs in a context where GHG emissions are not properly internalised into transport costs.
In addition, in the future - and already in the case of industries that emit large amounts of GHG per tonne of product (such as the cement industry) - relocation will sometimes allow national regulations against the greenhouse effect to be evaded.
In addition, in the future - and already in the case of industries that emit large amounts of GHG per tonne of product (such as the cement industry) - relocation will sometimes allow national regulations against the greenhouse effect to be evaded.
A certain degree of international division of labour has always had positive effects and is sometimes essential in the case of primary products, for which geography determines location.
A certain degree of international division of labour has always had positive effects and is sometimes essential in the case of primary products, for which geography determines location.
These positive effects can be combined with the fight against the greenhouse effect provided that appropriate measures are taken to internalise the cost of GHG emitted throughout the chain, from sub-contractor to the final producer and from final producer to consumer.
These positive effects can be combined with the fight against the greenhouse effect provided that appropriate measures are taken to internalise the cost of GHG emitted throughout the chain, from sub-contractor to the final producer and from final producer to consumer.
In the interests of educating the public, it would be desirable to make consumers aware of cost from now on.
In the interests of educating the public, it would be desirable to make consumers aware of cost from now on.
Hence the many suggestions, such as ‘food miles’, to encourage consumers to ‘buy local’.
Hence the many suggestions, such as ‘food miles’, to encourage consumers to ‘buy local’.
In reality, the means of transport is just as important: for a British consumer, a New Zealand lamb chop has a higher GHG cost than an English chop if it arrives by plane, but not if it arrives by boat.
In reality, the means of transport is just as important: for a British consumer, a New Zealand lamb chop has a higher GHG cost than an English chop if it arrives by plane, but not if it arrives by boat.
Therefore it is the GHG content that must be assessed.
Therefore it is the GHG content that must be assessed.
The negative side-effects of international division of labour are aggravated when companies seek at the same time to remove delays by using ‘just-in-time’ production and the fastest means of transport (aeroplanes instead of boats, lorries instead of trains) in order to reduce dead stock.
The negative side-effects of international division of labour are aggravated when companies seek at the same time to remove delays by using ‘just-in-time’ production and the fastest means of transport (aeroplanes instead of boats, lorries instead of trains) in order to reduce dead stock.
Such management methods can have catastrophic consequences if the intermediate units are far away from each other and the consumer.
Such management methods can have catastrophic consequences if the intermediate units are far away from each other and the consumer.
At the moment, even though air freight is used 40 times less than maritime freight, it already produces half as many GHGs.
At the moment, even though air freight is used 40 times less than maritime freight, it already produces half as many GHGs.
Each kilometre-tonne transported by lorry produces four times as much greenhouse gas as when transported by train.
Each kilometre-tonne transported by lorry produces four times as much greenhouse gas as when transported by train.
Although this distortion could also be controlled by integrating the cost to the climate into the cost of transport, socially, it would be more socially efficient to research best practices for the division of labour and location of production centres, such as regrouping sub-contractors around parent factories and locating these close to main consumer centres (or close to intermodal platforms which group together modes of transport with low greenhouse-effect costs: sea, river and rail).
Although this distortion could also be controlled by integrating the cost to the climate into the cost of transport, socially, it would be more socially efficient to research best practices for the division of labour and location of production centres, such as regrouping sub-contractors around parent factories and locating these close to main consumer centres (or close to intermodal platforms which group together modes of transport with low greenhouse-effect costs: sea, river and rail).
Seeking a global agreement
Seeking a global agreement
The ideal solution would be to obtain, at the Bali conference, a post-Kyoto agreement that includes every single country in the world.
The ideal solution would be to obtain, at the Bali conference, a post-Kyoto agreement that includes every single country in the world.
Such a consensus will only be obtained if all countries follow restrictive regulations once they pass a sustainable limit, i.e. when their GHG production per inhabitant per year exceeds that which would result, if respected by everybody, in zero climate change.
Such a consensus will only be obtained if all countries follow restrictive regulations once they pass a sustainable limit, i.e. when their GHG production per inhabitant per year exceeds that which would result, if respected by everybody, in zero climate change.
(This quantity is in the region of 500 to 600 kg of carbon in CO 2 per inhabitant per year for a predicted population of 9 billion human beings.)
(This quantity is in the region of 500 to 600 kg of carbon in CO 2 per inhabitant per year for a predicted population of 9 billion human beings.)
In any event, the Conference of the Parties (COP 6) in The Hague envisaged that the allocations per person authorised in each country would converge by around 2050.
In any event, the Conference of the Parties (COP 6) in The Hague envisaged that the allocations per person authorised in each country would converge by around 2050.
We can reasonably count on the increase in dramatic weather phenomena in the US and on the threat of rising waters in the Asian deltas to persuade even our most sceptic partners to accept the post-Kyoto Protocol.
We can reasonably count on the increase in dramatic weather phenomena in the US and on the threat of rising waters in the Asian deltas to persuade even our most sceptic partners to accept the post-Kyoto Protocol.
Other multilateral agreements (WTO, International Civil Aviation Organisation, World Intellectual Property Organisation) must be made consistent with the post-Kyoto agreement; this will require only minor editorial changes.
Other multilateral agreements (WTO, International Civil Aviation Organisation, World Intellectual Property Organisation) must be made consistent with the post-Kyoto agreement; this will require only minor editorial changes.
Acting bilaterally and bi-regionally
Acting bilaterally and bi-regionally
Even if international negotiations should fail to unite all countries and make the WTO and ICAO rules subordinate to the Convention on Climate Change, it is vital that the European Union, which is currently developing a policy of bi-regional and bilateral agreements, include the climate aspect in its agreements.
Even if international negotiations should fail to unite all countries and make the WTO and ICAO rules subordinate to the Convention on Climate Change, it is vital that the European Union, which is currently developing a policy of bi-regional and bilateral agreements, include the climate aspect in its agreements.
The same applies to the loans policy of its financial branch, the European Investment Bank, which should no longer grant loans without taking into account the objectives of the fight against climate change as defined by the IPCC ‘+2°C’ scenario.
The same applies to the loans policy of its financial branch, the European Investment Bank, which should no longer grant loans without taking into account the objectives of the fight against climate change as defined by the IPCC ‘+2°C’ scenario.
The same guidelines should be applied by national export credit and direct investment agencies.
The same guidelines should be applied by national export credit and direct investment agencies.
Promoting an autonomous policy against climate change
Promoting an autonomous policy against climate change
The benefits of international division of labour, even to the fight against climate change, must not be overlooked.
The benefits of international division of labour, even to the fight against climate change, must not be overlooked.
The European Union should grant a zero customs rate to products with low GHG production/consumption values (energy-efficient light bulbs etc.).
The European Union should grant a zero customs rate to products with low GHG production/consumption values (energy-efficient light bulbs etc.).
In parallel, and in line with the Convention on Climate Change, the Union must make GHG-clean technologies available at ‘concessionary prices’.
In parallel, and in line with the Convention on Climate Change, the Union must make GHG-clean technologies available at ‘concessionary prices’.
In addition, it must prohibit imports of exotic woods if, the consequent reduction in GHG-absorbing ecosystems and their transportation contributes to climate change.
In addition, it must prohibit imports of exotic woods if, the consequent reduction in GHG-absorbing ecosystems and their transportation contributes to climate change.
The FLEGT agreement, which regulates this matter, must be made binding.
The FLEGT agreement, which regulates this matter, must be made binding.
Ideally, the objectives that the European Union sets itself should be calculated not on the emissions caused by production in Europe, but on all products consumed in Europe (known as the ‘ecological footprint’).
Ideally, the objectives that the European Union sets itself should be calculated not on the emissions caused by production in Europe, but on all products consumed in Europe (known as the ‘ecological footprint’).
Such calculations would be extremely difficult, not to mention superfluous if every country on the planet committed itself to a post-Kyoto agreement.
Such calculations would be extremely difficult, not to mention superfluous if every country on the planet committed itself to a post-Kyoto agreement.
In the unfortunate event that this is does not happen the European Union must prepare itself to integrate the greenhouse effect cost of its trade with the rest of the world into a ‘price signal’.
In the unfortunate event that this is does not happen the European Union must prepare itself to integrate the greenhouse effect cost of its trade with the rest of the world into a ‘price signal’.
A policy of labelling indicating the GHG content of products on the market would encourage not only public and producer awareness, but also a ‘least polluting’ rule in public tendering would be able to be introduced.
A policy of labelling indicating the GHG content of products on the market would encourage not only public and producer awareness, but also a ‘least polluting’ rule in public tendering would be able to be introduced.
The restrictive unilateral measures would take effect in the post-Kyoto period (in 2013), a period in which the Union has already decided it will lead the way, whatever happens.
The restrictive unilateral measures would take effect in the post-Kyoto period (in 2013), a period in which the Union has already decided it will lead the way, whatever happens.
The Commission’s proposal to integrate aviation into the European quota system, including aeroplanes from third countries, is a first step towards integrating the total GHG cost into the price of goods and services in Europe.
The Commission’s proposal to integrate aviation into the European quota system, including aeroplanes from third countries, is a first step towards integrating the total GHG cost into the price of goods and services in Europe.
However, it does not solve the problems of distorted competition which could arise if businesses export to Europe from countries which have not ratified the post-Kyoto agreement.
However, it does not solve the problems of distorted competition which could arise if businesses export to Europe from countries which have not ratified the post-Kyoto agreement.
In this case, compensatory taxes at borders (‘border tax adjustments’) should be established, beginning with sectors (such as cement and aluminium) where it seems that competition is already distorted (to the point, shockingly, of encouraging unnecessary transportation to avoid paying quotas or ecotaxes).
In this case, compensatory taxes at borders (‘border tax adjustments’) should be established, beginning with sectors (such as cement and aluminium) where it seems that competition is already distorted (to the point, shockingly, of encouraging unnecessary transportation to avoid paying quotas or ecotaxes).
And it is important that businesses are given enough notice of this, i.e. from now on, so they can properly plan their investments.
And it is important that businesses are given enough notice of this, i.e. from now on, so they can properly plan their investments.
These industrial investments should, moreover, be carefully optimised to avoid as much unnecessary transport as possible.
These industrial investments should, moreover, be carefully optimised to avoid as much unnecessary transport as possible.
The European Union should initiate research this year into division of labour best practices for supplier location in relation to final assembly factories and for the location of these in relation to the main markets.
The European Union should initiate research this year into division of labour best practices for supplier location in relation to final assembly factories and for the location of these in relation to the main markets.
Similarly, the European Union must provide itself with multimodal centres linking railways directly to ports in order to encourage modes of transport that produce the least amount of greenhouse gas.
Similarly, the European Union must provide itself with multimodal centres linking railways directly to ports in order to encourage modes of transport that produce the least amount of greenhouse gas.
Where consumer goods’ (vehicles, domestic appliances) operational standards are concerned, the European Union is free to impose the strictest standards on its own market in terms of energy efficiency while complying with the WTO rules on ‘domestic product’, and must be a leader in defining these standards at an international level.
Where consumer goods’ (vehicles, domestic appliances) operational standards are concerned, the European Union is free to impose the strictest standards on its own market in terms of energy efficiency while complying with the WTO rules on ‘domestic product’, and must be a leader in defining these standards at an international level.
на вниманието на комисията по международна търговия
for the Committee on International Trade
Комисията по околна среда, обществено здраве и безопасност на храните приканва водещата комисия по международна търговия да включи в предложението за резолюция, което ще приеме, следните предложения:
The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety calls on the Committee on International Trade, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution:
Счита, че настоящият икономически модел, който предполага постоянно и максимално увеличаване на потреблението, производството и търговията, е неустойчив, тъй като води до все по-повишаващо се търсене на използването на ресурси и транспорт и нарастващо количество отпадъци и емисии, което подкопава перспективите за ограничаване на изменението на климата, което понастоящем се наблюдава;
Considers that the current economic model, which entails constant maximisation of consumption, production and trade, is unsustainable as this system results in ever- increasing demands for use of resources and transport and a growing quantity of waste and emissions, which undermines the prospects of curbing the climate changes currently taking place;
Изразява съжаление, че настоящата търговска система поражда разделение на труда в световен мащаб, основаващо се на много високо използване на транспорт - който не поема разноските, свързани с въздействието му върху околната среда - на еднородни продукти, които биха могли да се произвеждат на местно ниво;
Regrets that the current trading system produces a global division of labour which is based on a very high input of transport - which does not bear its own environmental costs - of homogeneous products, which could just as easily be produced locally;
Признава насърчаването на основани на ИКТ решения, отразяването на разходите, свързани с въздействието на транспорта върху околната среда, в цените на горивата, както и популяризирането на железопътния транспорт и крайбрежното плаване, устойчивите биогорива и бързото интегриране на въздухоплаването в една щателно разработена система на ЕС за търговия с емисии като ключови мерки за намаляване на въздействието на търговията и транспорта върху климата; призовава Комисията и Съвета да предложат мерки за насърчаване и избор на най-малко замърсяващите видове транспорт, по-специално посредством разпоредби, свързани с различните пазарни механизми;
Recognises the promotion of ICT-based solutions, the internalisation of the environmental costs of transport in fuel prices, as well as the promotion of rail transport and coastal shipping, sustainable biofuels and the rapid integration of aviation in a rigorously designed EU ETS, as key measures for reducing the impact of trade and transport on the climate; calls on the Commission and the Council to put forward measures to promote and choose the least polluting modes of transport, particularly by means of provisions relating to the various market instruments;
Подчертава необходимостта от повишаване на информираността на обществото относно цялостните разходи, свързани с въздействието върху околната среда на потребителските стоки; призовава Комисията и Съвета да предложат мерки за предоставянето на информация относно потреблението на енергия и емисиите на парникови газове при производството и транспорта на стоките, предлагани за продажба в Европейския съюз, като предложението на правителството на Обединеното кралство за въвеждане на етикети относно въглеродния отпечатък на стоките, на които се посочва нивото на емисиите на CO 2 , причинени от производството, транспорта и евентуалното изхвърляне на стоките; освен това призовава Комисията и държавите-членки да гарантират, че разходите, свързани с въздействието върху околната среда, са включени в цените на стоките и услугите и че тези разходи са посочени отделно от цената на дребно на отделните стоки и услуги, както това вече се прави при таксите за събиране на отпадъчни електрически и електронни устройства;
Stresses the need to raise public awareness of consumer product’s total environmental costs; calls on the Commission and Council to put forward measures for the provision of information on the energy consumed and greenhouse gases emitted during the manufacture and transport of products placed on sale within the European Union, such as the proposal made by the UK Government to introduce carbon footprint product labels displaying the level of CO 2 emission caused by the production, transport and eventual disposal of a product; further calls on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that environmental costs are incorporated into prices for goods and services and that those costs are listed separately from the retail price of the individual goods and services, as is already done with the levy on the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment;
Признава, че ЕС носи историческа отговорност за емисиите на парникови газове и съзнава, че са необходими съществени промени в търговската политика на Съюза за насърчаване на местното производство като начин за намаляване на потребностите за използване на транспорт; подчертава необходимостта от по-интензивно технологично сътрудничество с различни развиващи се страни и страни с бързо развиващи се икономики, по-специално Китай, Бразилия и Индия, за да им се предостави възможност да включат защитата на околната среда в своите политики; изразява съжаление обаче във връзка с това, че съществуващите механизми за технологичен трансфер като Механизма за чисто развитие са недостатъчни и поради това призовава за повишаване на съфинансирането и мерките за изграждане на капацитет;
Recognises that the EU bears a historical responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions and realises that substantial changes to the Union’s trade policy are required to encourage local production as a means of reducing the need for transport; stresses the need for more intensive technological cooperation with developing and emerging countries, particularly China, Brazil and India, to enable them to mainstream environmental protection in their policies; regrets, however, that existing technology-transfer mechanisms like the CDM are insufficient and therefore calls for increased co-financing and capacity building measures;
Отново обръща внимание на необходимостта от намаляване с 30% до 2020 г. на емисиите на парникови газове в ЕС, независимо от ангажиментите, поети от трети страни;
Repeats the need for a 30% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, independently of third countries’ commitments;
Настоятелно приканва ЕС да развие и популяризира на световно равнище една „съобразена с климата“ промишленост; поради това се обръща към Комисията с искане тя да започне разисквания със СТО относно възможните мерки, които благоприятстват съобразените с климата производство и експорт; убеден е, че всяко едно споразумение по този въпрос ще насърчи развитието на новаторски технологии и ще стимулира използването на устойчива и чиста енергия;
Urges the EU to develop and promote 'climate-friendly industry' at a global level; therefore asks the Commission to instigate discussions with the WTO on potential measures that favour climate-friendly production and export; is convinced that any agreement on this issue will encourage the development of innovative technologies and spur sustainable and clean energy use;