natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
(4) Препарати за отстраняване на бои, съдържащи дихлорметан в концентрация равна или по-голяма от 0,1 тегловни %, се допускат за употреба в промишлени съоръжения само ако са изпълнени следните условия:
(4) Paint strippers containing dichloromethane in concentrations equal to or greater than 0.1% by mass may be used in industrial installations only if the following conditions are met:
а) ефикасна смукателна вентилация или независими въздухоподаващи средства за респираторна защита,
(a) effective exhaust ventilation or respiratory protective equipment with an independent air supply,
а) използване на ефикасна смукателна вентилация , за която е доказано, че позволява пълното спазване на националните гранични стойности за експозиция при работа, които не надвишават 100 части на милион (353 мг/куб.м) за 8-часова средно претеглена във времето стойност или 200 части на милион (706 мг/куб.м) за 15-минутна краткосрочна експозиция, или доказана употреба на средства за дихателна защита със система за въздухоподаване,
(a) operation of effective exhaust ventilation proven to ensure full compliance with national occupational exposure limits that shall not exceed 100 ppm (353 mg/m 3 ) for an eight hour Time Weighted Average or 200 ppm (706 mg/m 3 ) for a 15 minute Short Term Exposure Level, or proven use of respiratory protective equipment with an independent air supply,
б) затворени и, когато не се използват, покрити вани за отстраняване на бои ,
(b) enclosed strip tanks covered when not in use,
б) покриване на всички вани за отстраняване на бои, когато не се използват ,
(b) all strip tanks covered when not in use,
ба) отделно вентилирана зона за сушене на обработените обекти,
(ba) separate ventilated area for the drying of stripped articles,
в) подходящи предпазни ръкавици за операторите.
(c) appropriate protective gloves for operators.
в) подходящи предпазни ръкавици и маски за операторите.
(c) appropriate protective gloves and masks for operators.
The number of fatalities and non-fatal accidents registered during industrial activities is a clear indication of inadequate enforcement of workplace legislation.
The number of fatalities and non-fatal accidents registered during industrial activities is a clear indication of inadequate enforcement of workplace legislation.
Any industrial use of DCM should be subjected to clear proof that occupational exposure limits are respected.
Any industrial use of DCM should be subjected to clear proof that occupational exposure limits are respected.
As a minimum, the exhaust ventilation should achieve the limit values recommended by the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits, while Member States may choose to set lower ones.
As a minimum, the exhaust ventilation should achieve the limit values recommended by the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits, while Member States may choose to set lower ones.
Alternatively, the use of adequate respiratory protective equipment with independent air supply needs to be proven.
Alternatively, the use of adequate respiratory protective equipment with independent air supply needs to be proven.
Covering all systems, including those that are not "truly closed" will decrease emissions of DCM vapour.
Covering all systems, including those that are not "truly closed" will decrease emissions of DCM vapour.
To reduce exposure to DCM in industrial use as much as possible, the drying of stripped articles should take place in separate ventilated areas.
To reduce exposure to DCM in industrial use as much as possible, the drying of stripped articles should take place in separate ventilated areas.
DCM is highly volatile.
DCM is highly volatile.
The primary route of uptake of DCM in humans is considered to be inhalation ( ATSDR, 2000 Toxicological Profiles for Methylene Chloride, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, GA, USA.).
The primary route of uptake of DCM in humans is considered to be inhalation ( ATSDR, 2000 Toxicological Profiles for Methylene Chloride, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, GA, USA.).
By using appropriate gloves and masks, the operators would be protected from dermal and inhalation exposure to DCM.
By using appropriate gloves and masks, the operators would be protected from dermal and inhalation exposure to DCM.
Приложение I – точка (xx) – колона 2 – точка 5
Annex I – point (xx) – column 2 – point 5
(5) Без да се засягат други разпоредби от законодателството на Общността, отнасящо се до класификацията, опаковането и етикетирането на опасни вещества и препарати, препаратите за отстраняване на бои, съдържащи дихлорметан в концентрация равна или по-голяма от 0,1 тегловни %, трябва да бъдат обозначени не по-късно от [24 месеца след влизането в сила на решението ] със следния четлив и неизличим надпис: „Само за промишлена и професионална употреба”.”
(5) Without prejudice to other Community legislation concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and preparations, paint strippers containing more than 0.1% by mass of dichloromethane shall be legibly and indelibly marked by [24 months after the entry into force of the Decision ] as follows: “Reserved for industrial and professional uses”.”
(5) Без да се засягат други разпоредби от законодателството на Общността, отнасящо се до класификацията, опаковането и етикетирането на опасни вещества и препарати, препаратите за отстраняване на бои, съдържащи дихлорметан в концентрация равна или по-голяма от 0,1 тегловни %, трябва да бъдат обозначени не по-късно от [24 месеца след влизането в сила на решението ] със следния четлив и неизличим надпис: „ Опасно!
(5) Without prejudice to other Community legislation concerning the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances and preparations, paint strippers containing more than 0.1% by mass of dichloromethane shall be legibly and indelibly marked by [24 months after the entry into force of the Decision ] as follows: “ Dangerous!
Само за промишлена употреба”.”
Reserved for industrial uses only ”.”
Потребителят ще бъде предупреден и по-силно убеден, че съдържанието е опасно за него.
The consumer will be alarmed and more firmly convinced that the content is harmful for him.
Ако се забрани професионалната употреба, предупреждението трябва съответно да се адаптира.
If professional use is prohibited, the warning needs to be adapted accordingly.
“ Despite good ventilation, stripping of small areas, immediate collection of stripped off paint residues and closing of paint stripper cans, the exposure limit (100 ppm) is regularly exceeded.
“ Despite good ventilation, stripping of small areas, immediate collection of stripped off paint residues and closing of paint stripper cans, the exposure limit (100 ppm) is regularly exceeded.
Therefore, one must use self-contained respirators at such work places, except it is proven without doubt through measurements that for specific paint strippers or through special protection procedures the exposure limit is not exceeded.
Therefore, one must use self-contained respirators at such work places, except it is proven without doubt through measurements that for specific paint strippers or through special protection procedures the exposure limit is not exceeded.
Filtering masks are not an effective protection.
Filtering masks are not an effective protection.
When using respirators, general precaution examination has to be applied to the persons wearing them.
When using respirators, general precaution examination has to be applied to the persons wearing them.
If the paint stripping work will last more than 20% of the weekly work hours, a special permission has to be requested from the responsible regulatory body for workplace safety. ”
If the paint stripping work will last more than 20% of the weekly work hours, a special permission has to be requested from the responsible regulatory body for workplace safety. ”
VCI - the German Chemical Industry Association, 2000
VCI - the German Chemical Industry Association, 2000
Dichloromethane (DCM) is a colourless chemical compound with a penetrating ether-like or mild sweet odour.
Dichloromethane (DCM) is a colourless chemical compound with a penetrating ether-like or mild sweet odour.
The key markets are: production of pharmaceuticals, solvent and auxiliary applications, paint stripper manufacture and adhesives.
The key markets are: production of pharmaceuticals, solvent and auxiliary applications, paint stripper manufacture and adhesives.
Of the total production of 244 000 tonnes in 2005, 13 000 tonnes of "virgin" DCM were used for paint strippers (ca.
Of the total production of 244 000 tonnes in 2005, 13 000 tonnes of "virgin" DCM were used for paint strippers (ca.
5%) , with another 1 500 - 11 000 tonnes being reclaimed from pharmaceutical production for use as paint stripper.
5%) , with another 1 500 - 11 000 tonnes being reclaimed from pharmaceutical production for use as paint stripper.
DCM has a unique profile of adverse effects to human health - and it is listed as one of 33 priority substances under the Water Framework Directive.
DCM has a unique profile of adverse effects to human health - and it is listed as one of 33 priority substances under the Water Framework Directive.
DCM-based paint strippers contain between 60-90% of DCM.
DCM-based paint strippers contain between 60-90% of DCM.
DCM boils between 30-40°C and is extremely volatile - i.e. it evaporates very fast.
DCM boils between 30-40°C and is extremely volatile - i.e. it evaporates very fast.
DCM is classified as a carcinogen category 3.
DCM is classified as a carcinogen category 3.
It has a narcotic effect, leading to depression of the central nervous system, loss of consciousness, and to cardio-toxicological effects at high exposure, with a direct risk of death as a result of misuse.
It has a narcotic effect, leading to depression of the central nervous system, loss of consciousness, and to cardio-toxicological effects at high exposure, with a direct risk of death as a result of misuse.
Other effects include irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, lung oedema and acute effects on the heart, liver and kidneys.
Other effects include irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, lung oedema and acute effects on the heart, liver and kidneys.
It also leads to light-headedness and headache.
It also leads to light-headedness and headache.
According the Scientific Committee on Health and Environment Risks, a major concern from the toxicity of DCM is the risk to especially susceptible populations.
According the Scientific Committee on Health and Environment Risks, a major concern from the toxicity of DCM is the risk to especially susceptible populations.
Children are more susceptible due to a potential for higher exposure (higher ventilation rate than adults; the concentration of DCM is higher at floor level).
Children are more susceptible due to a potential for higher exposure (higher ventilation rate than adults; the concentration of DCM is higher at floor level).
People with a predisposition to cardiovascular disease may be at a higher risk, too.
People with a predisposition to cardiovascular disease may be at a higher risk, too.
According to the Commission, between 1989 and 2007, 18 fatalities (9 for industrial use, 8 for professional use, 1 for consumer use) and 56 non-fatal injuries have been registered in the EU.
According to the Commission, between 1989 and 2007, 18 fatalities (9 for industrial use, 8 for professional use, 1 for consumer use) and 56 non-fatal injuries have been registered in the EU.
The risks from DCM in paint strippers have been assessed in three Commission studies (1999, 2004 and 2007) - all of which concluded the need for risk reduction measures for consumer and professional use, and two of which also called for further risk reduction measures for industrial use
The risks from DCM in paint strippers have been assessed in three Commission studies (1999, 2004 and 2007) - all of which concluded the need for risk reduction measures for consumer and professional use, and two of which also called for further risk reduction measures for industrial use
See Commission impact assessment accompanying the proposal .
See Commission impact assessment accompanying the proposal .
Various alternatives to DCM-based paint strippers are already available on the market: physical/mechanical stripping, pyrolitic/thermal stripping, and chemical stripping involving other chemicals than DCM.
Various alternatives to DCM-based paint strippers are already available on the market: physical/mechanical stripping, pyrolitic/thermal stripping, and chemical stripping involving other chemicals than DCM.
Alternative chemical paint strippers are the most widely used.
Alternative chemical paint strippers are the most widely used.
They contain a large variety of chemicals.
They contain a large variety of chemicals.
These substances have very diverse hazard profiles and could pose other risks to the user than DCM.
These substances have very diverse hazard profiles and could pose other risks to the user than DCM.
However, according to the Commission studies and its own impact assessment, on balance, there are alternatives with a (much) better human health and environmental hazard and risk profile.
However, according to the Commission studies and its own impact assessment, on balance, there are alternatives with a (much) better human health and environmental hazard and risk profile.
A number of European countries have already put in place national measures to ban or substitute DCM (Austria, Denmark, Sweden) or are in the process of doing so (Germany).
A number of European countries have already put in place national measures to ban or substitute DCM (Austria, Denmark, Sweden) or are in the process of doing so (Germany).
Why ban consumer use of DCM?
Why ban consumer use of DCM?
There is no way to ensure the safe use of DCM by consumers:
There is no way to ensure the safe use of DCM by consumers:
- they are not able to assess the risk;
- they are not able to assess the risk;
- they do not have access to the same equipment (especially engineering controls) as users involved in industrial uses - and in some cases, the working conditions at home may be much worse than those for tradesmen (for example, paint stripping may be undertaken in a basement, or an enclosed area with closed windows, due to bad weather, or in the presence of vulnerable persons such as children, elderly relatives or those with health conditions); and
- they do not have access to the same equipment (especially engineering controls) as users involved in industrial uses - and in some cases, the working conditions at home may be much worse than those for tradesmen (for example, paint stripping may be undertaken in a basement, or an enclosed area with closed windows, due to bad weather, or in the presence of vulnerable persons such as children, elderly relatives or those with health conditions); and
- they do not know about the adequate personal protection equipment, and even if they did, it would be highly unlikely that they would be ready to pay for it (cost of independent air supply with compressor and mask, plus appropriate gloves: ca. € 2750; cost of DCM paint stripper: ca. € 10/litre).
- they do not know about the adequate personal protection equipment, and even if they did, it would be highly unlikely that they would be ready to pay for it (cost of independent air supply with compressor and mask, plus appropriate gloves: ca. € 2750; cost of DCM paint stripper: ca. € 10/litre).
As a result of the above, and taking into account the fact that alternatives are available, and their use is likely to result in little if any economic impact to the consumer, consumer uses of DCM-based paint strippers should be banned.
As a result of the above, and taking into account the fact that alternatives are available, and their use is likely to result in little if any economic impact to the consumer, consumer uses of DCM-based paint strippers should be banned.
Why ban professional use of DCM?
Why ban professional use of DCM?
Council Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work sets out a clear hierarchy of norms.
Council Directive 98/24/EC on the protection of the health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work sets out a clear hierarchy of norms.
Employers shall first seek to replace a hazardous chemical by another chemical or process which, under its condition of use, is not hazardous or less hazardous, and only apply protection and prevention measures where such substitution is not possible.
Employers shall first seek to replace a hazardous chemical by another chemical or process which, under its condition of use, is not hazardous or less hazardous, and only apply protection and prevention measures where such substitution is not possible.
Given the availability of safer alternatives, it is clear from current EU law on workers' health and safety that DCM should be substituted.
Given the availability of safer alternatives, it is clear from current EU law on workers' health and safety that DCM should be substituted.
DCM bears the safety phrase " do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray ".
DCM bears the safety phrase " do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray ".
Given its very high volatility, the only way to comply with this is to use independent air supply respirators.
Given its very high volatility, the only way to comply with this is to use independent air supply respirators.
However, the full equipment costs around € 2750 - and working in a full-body overall with an oxygen flask and fluororubber gloves is rather unpleasant, and therefore rarely undertaken.
However, the full equipment costs around € 2750 - and working in a full-body overall with an oxygen flask and fluororubber gloves is rather unpleasant, and therefore rarely undertaken.
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are regularly exceeded significantly , even in conditions of good ventilation, including outdoor use (see also the introductory quote).
Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are regularly exceeded significantly , even in conditions of good ventilation, including outdoor use (see also the introductory quote).
Note that DCM only becomes detectable to the human nose at concentrations well above OELs.
Note that DCM only becomes detectable to the human nose at concentrations well above OELs.
Professionals might think they are not exposed because they do not smell anything - yet they may already be well above the OEL.
Professionals might think they are not exposed because they do not smell anything - yet they may already be well above the OEL.
It also bears the safety phrase "avoid contact with skin and eyes" and " Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves ".
It also bears the safety phrase "avoid contact with skin and eyes" and " Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves ".
However, the different types available all have serious limitations: The cheapest ones (EVA - ca. € 10/pair) have little mechanical strength, and DCM will break through quickly.
However, the different types available all have serious limitations: The cheapest ones (EVA - ca. € 10/pair) have little mechanical strength, and DCM will break through quickly.
PVA gloves (ca. € 25/pair) have a good chemical resistance, but cannot be used where water is present.
PVA gloves (ca. € 25/pair) have a good chemical resistance, but cannot be used where water is present.
Fluororubber gloves (€ 50/pair) are the most appropriate, but DCM will break through at the latest after 3 hours.
Fluororubber gloves (€ 50/pair) are the most appropriate, but DCM will break through at the latest after 3 hours.
Importantly, current enforcement practices are inherently inadequate, especially due to the large number, small size and mobile nature of the enterprises involved.
Importantly, current enforcement practices are inherently inadequate, especially due to the large number, small size and mobile nature of the enterprises involved.
Finally, EU legislation on workers' health and safety does not apply to self-employed workers, which however represent a significant number of painters and decorators.
Finally, EU legislation on workers' health and safety does not apply to self-employed workers, which however represent a significant number of painters and decorators.
In summary, current legislation on workers' health and safety either does not apply (self-employed workers) or is largely ignored (no substitution, inadequate personal protection), and is not enforced.
In summary, current legislation on workers ' health and safety either does not apply (self-employed workers) or is largely ignored (no substitution, inadequate personal protection), and is not enforced.
Economic impact
Economic impact
The Commission proposes a ban on the professional use of DCM in paint strippers, unless a Member State establishes a training and licensing system for such use.
The Commission proposes a ban on the professional use of DCM in paint strippers, unless a Member State establishes a training and licensing system for such use.
This stands in contrast to the recommendations of the RPA impact assessment from 2007
This stands in contrast to the recommendations of the RPA impact assessment from 2007
RPA - Risk and Policy Analysts Ltd, UK .
RPA - Risk and Policy Analysts Ltd, UK .
The Commission estimates the costs for its training and licensing proposal at € 1,9 million in the first year and € 1,3 million in the subsequent years ( training of 10 000 employees).
The Commission estimates the costs for its training and licensing proposal at € 1,9 million in the first year and € 1,3 million in the subsequent years ( training of 10 000 employees).
The licensing of 10 000 individuals and 800 businesses would result in further costs of € 1,34 million.
The licensing of 10 000 individuals and 800 businesses would result in further costs of € 1,34 million.
These costs do not yet include the costs of engineering controls and/or personal protective equipment (PPE).
These costs do not yet include the costs of engineering controls and/or personal protective equipment (PPE).
It is interesting to compare these figures to the estimated profits of the manufacturers of DCM.
It is interesting to compare these figures to the estimated profits of the manufacturers of DCM.
The annual profit for the industry is estimated at between € 430 000 and € 1,1 million for professional use by RPA.
The annual profit for the industry is estimated at between € 430 000 and € 1,1 million for professional use by RPA.
In other words, if 10 000 employees and 800 businesses were to be trained and licensed across the EU, the costs for this would clearly outweigh the profits of the manufacturing industry.
In other words, if 10 000 employees and 800 businesses were to be trained and licensed across the EU, the costs for this would clearly outweigh the profits of the manufacturing industry.
It is difficult to see why professional users and authorities should pay millions for training and licensing (and additional millions for PPE) to uphold a comparatively small profit for the manufacturer.
It is difficult to see why professional users and authorities should pay millions for training and licensing (and additional millions for PPE) to uphold a comparatively small profit for the manufacturer.
Moreover, many DCM manufacturers also offer alternatives to DCM, so they could compensate part if not all of their losses by shifting to alternatives.
Moreover, many DCM manufacturers also offer alternatives to DCM, so they could compensate part if not all of their losses by shifting to alternatives.
The "risk reduction measures" proposed by industry
The "risk reduction measures" proposed by industry
The manufacturers of DCM propose the following measures instead of a ban for consumers:
The manufacturers of DCM propose the following measures instead of a ban for consumers:
- container equal to or smaller than 1 litre,
- container equal to or smaller than 1 litre,
- narrow-neck containers with child-safe closure,
- narrow-neck containers with child-safe closure,
- addition of vapour retardant,
- addition of vapour retardant,