natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
51. счита, че за борба с трафика на органи в по-бедните части на света трябва да бъде приета дългосрочна стратегия, която да премахне социалното неравенство, намиращо се в основата на подобна практика; подчертава, че за справяне с практиката на продажба на органи за пари (особено в страните от развиващия се свят), следва да функционират механизми за проследимост, които да предотвратяват влизането на тези органи в ЕС;
Considers that, in order to fight against organ trafficking in the poorer parts of the world, a long-term strategy must be adopted so as to abolish the social inequalities lying at the root of such practices; stresses that, in order to combat the practice of organ selling for money (especially in countries of the developing world), mechanisms of traceability should be put in place so as to prevent these organs entering the European Union;
56. призовава държавите-членки да подпишат, ратифицират и прилагат Конвенцията на Съвета на Европа за действие срещу трафика на хора и Протокола от Палермо, ако вече не са го направили;
Asks Member States to sign, ratify and implement the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings and the Palermo Protocol if they have not already done so;
Organ transplantation means therapeutic use of human organs involving the substitution of a non-functional organ for another one coming from a donor.
Organ transplantation means therapeutic use of human organs involving the substitution of a non-functional organ for another one coming from a donor.
Successful organ transplants, provided that a proper follow-up procedure is applied, can restore a full and healthy life for many years to people who would otherwise often require intensive care, which is unpleasant for the patients, but also often places a burden not only on the healthcare systems in the Member States but also on the family and carers of the patients.
Successful organ transplants, provided that a proper follow-up procedure is applied, can restore a full and healthy life for many years to people who would otherwise often require intensive care, which is unpleasant for the patients, but also often places a burden not only on the healthcare systems in the Member States but also on the family and carers of the patients.
Although the use of human organs for transplantation has steadily increased during the past decades across the EU, the number of people requiring a transplant is greater than the number of organs available for transplant.
Although the use of human organs for transplantation has steadily increased during the past decades across the EU, the number of people requiring a transplant is greater than the number of organs available for transplant.
Nearly 40.000 patients are now on waiting lists in Western Europe.
Nearly 40.000 patients are now on waiting lists in Western Europe.
Mortality rates while waiting for a heart, liver or lung transplant usually range from 15 to 30%.
Mortality rates while waiting for a heart, liver or lung transplant usually range from 15 to 30%.
Quality and safety
Quality and safety
The use of organs in therapy poses a risk of diseases being transmitted to the recipient.
The use of organs in therapy poses a risk of diseases being transmitted to the recipient.
Risks include not only the transmission of communicable diseases ( viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, human, immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV)) but also the t ransmission of malignant diseases, such as the t ransmission of different types of cancers.
Risks include not only the transmission of communicable diseases (viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, human, immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV)) but also the transmission of malignant diseases, such as the transmission of different types of cancers.
Donor testing is important in minimising the risks to the recipient; it is essential to screen donors and establish the presence or absence of risk of disease transmission.
Donor testing is important in minimising the risks to the recipient; it is essential to screen donors and establish the presence or absence of risk of disease transmission.
In order to establish the standard level of donor safety, a minimum set of examinations should be performed.
In order to establish the standard level of donor safety, a minimum set of examinations should be performed.
However, there is no consensus today between Member States on these tests.
However, there is no consensus today between Member States on these tests.
Pre-transplant evaluation of potential donors is a vital part of solid organ transplantation.
Pre-transplant evaluation of potential donors is a vital part of solid organ transplantation.
In other words, donor suitability is an essential prerequisite for donation.
In other words, donor suitability is an essential prerequisite for donation.
The main goals include: identifying conditions which disqualify donors; identifying possible pre-transplant infections and defining the level of risk in order to determine strategies for preventing post-transplant effects.
The main goals include: identifying conditions which disqualify donors; identifying possible pre-transplant infections and defining the level of risk in order to determine strategies for preventing post-transplant effects.
The differences on screening between the living donor and the deceased donor are largely based on the different time at which this screening takes place.
The differences on screening between the living donor and the deceased donor are largely based on the different time at which this screening takes place.
For the living donor it is possible to treat active infection and to defer transplant until such infection resolves.
For the living donor it is possible to treat active infection and to defer transplant until such infection resolves.
By contract the timeframe for deceased donor evaluation is typically hours.
By contract the timeframe for deceased donor evaluation is typically hours.
Donor suitability criteria should be established according to existing accepted medical standards.
Donor suitability criteria should be established according to existing accepted medical standards.
Long-term follow-up and monitoring of patients following transplants are also needed to evaluate the best treatment outcomes for patients.
Long-term follow-up and monitoring of patients following transplants are also needed to evaluate the best treatment outcomes for patients.
The monitoring and evaluation of post-transplant results is crucial and should therefore be carried out on the basis of a common methodology, which ensures the maximum health and safety standards in all Member States.
The monitoring and evaluation of post-transplant results is crucial and should therefore be carried out on the basis of a common methodology, which ensures the maximum health and safety standards in all Member States.
Currently, organ transplants are only followed up for around 9 months to 12 months following the transplant.
Currently, organ transplants are only followed up for around 9 months to 12 months following the transplant.
Evaluation of transplant outcomes should be extended to several years, to give the best evaluation of outcomes, both clinically and in economic terms.
Evaluation of transplant outcomes should be extended to several years, to give the best evaluation of outcomes, both clinically and in economic terms.
Organ Shortage
Organ Shortage
The severe shortage of organ donors remains the main challenge that Member States face with regard to organ transplantation.
The severe shortage of organ donors remains the main challenge that Member States face with regard to organ transplantation.
Growing waiting lists are a serious problem.
Growing waiting lists are a serious problem.
M ore than 40,000 patients are currently waiting for a kidney in Western Europe.
More than 40,000 patients are currently waiting for a kidney in Western Europe.
Waiting lists have become longer in all EU countries as well as in the rest of the world.
Waiting lists have become longer in all EU countries as well as in the rest of the world.
Even in cases of sustained increases in the number of donors, waiting lists and waiting times are very difficult to shorten.
Even in cases of sustained increases in the number of donors, waiting lists and waiting times are very difficult to shorten.
The establishment of an efficient system for identifying persons that could become organ donors upon their death, once all mandatory consent requirements in Member States have been met, is a key element in fighting organ shortage.
The establishment of an efficient system for identifying persons that could become organ donors upon their death, once all mandatory consent requirements in Member States have been met, is a key element in fighting organ shortage.
The process of evaluation of organ suitability is a multiphase event, focused on a) the definition of acceptable-unacceptable risk of transmission of infectious or neoplastic diseases and b) the establishment of practical steps for the risk evaluation process, considering in the single case the transmittable disease, the specific conditions of the recipient with respect to the transmittable disease, the available means of prevention and the treatment of the disease.
The process of evaluation of organ suitability is a multiphase event, focused on a) the definition of acceptable-unacceptable risk of transmission of infectious or neoplastic diseases and b) the establishment of practical steps for the risk evaluation process, considering in the single case the transmittable disease, the specific conditions of the recipient with respect to the transmittable disease, the available means of prevention and the treatment of the disease.
Another important option in expanding the donor pool is considering the promotion of altruistic donations from living donors.
Another important option in expanding the donor pool is considering the promotion of altruistic donations from living donors.
The morbidity and mortality of patients waiting for transplantation require careful consideration of those potential donors who would normally not be considered as ideal candidates; these are called expanded donors (i.e. allowing transplants from HIV positive patients to other HIV positive patients.)
The morbidity and mortality of patients waiting for transplantation require careful consideration of those potential donors who would normally not be considered as ideal candidates; these are called expanded donors (i.e. allowing transplants from HIV positive patients to other HIV positive patients.)
When the donor pool is expanded in this way, doctors are concerned with increased likelihood of rejection of the organs and gradual decline of the function of the grafted organ.
When the donor pool is expanded in this way, doctors are concerned with increased likelihood of rejection of the organs and gradual decline of the function of the grafted organ.
It is vital to support methods to prevent and treat organ rejection so that the expanded pool can be used with confidence by doctors.
It is vital to support methods to prevent and treat organ rejection so that the expanded pool can be used with confidence by doctors.
The training and employment of health professionals responsible for identifying potential donors has also proven to be useful and must be encouraged wherever resources allow it.
The training and employment of health professionals responsible for identifying potential donors has also proven to be useful and must be encouraged wherever resources allow it.
Biotechnology is already offering solutions e.g., treatments that reduce rates of rejection, which will, in turn, support the availability of more organs, by allowing doctors to treat or even prevent rejection.
Biotechnology is already offering solutions e.g., treatments that reduce rates of rejection, which will, in turn, support the availability of more organs, by allowing doctors to treat or even prevent rejection.
This, therefore, helps support the expanded donor pool, by reducing the risk associated with expanded organ programmes.
This, therefore, helps support the expanded donor pool, by reducing the risk associated with expanded organ programmes.
It is worth mentioning that in the future, biotechnology may offer the possibility for researchers to grow organs from existing tissues, either from the patient themselves (autologous) or from other tissue donors (allogeneic).
It is worth mentioning that in the future, biotechnology may offer the possibility for researchers to grow organs from existing tissues, either from the patient themselves (autologous) or from other tissue donors (allogeneic).
Work to promote such research, which is often carried out by Europe’s emerging SME biotech companies, should be stimulated wherever possible, within the cultural and ethical frameworks laid down in the Member States.
Work to promote such research, which is often carried out by Europe’s emerging SME biotech companies, should be stimulated wherever possible, within the cultural and ethical frameworks laid down in the Member States.
Organisational aspects
Organisational aspects
Organisational systems not only have an impact on quality and safety of organs but also on their availability.
Organisational systems not only have an impact on quality and safety of organs but also on their availability.
There are severe discrepancies in organ donation and transplantation activity within and between Member States.
There are severe discrepancies in organ donation and transplantation activity within and between Member States.
The different organisational systems in Europe are the result of their origin and history.
The different organisational systems in Europe are the result of their origin and history.
Comparison between countries shows that final national donation rates do not always correlate with the percentage of people who have previously declared themselves ready to donate in these countries.
Comparison between countries shows that final national donation rates do not always correlate with the percentage of people who have previously declared themselves ready to donate in these countries.
This clearly indicates the importance of having an efficient transplant system in place ensuring that the organs of people willing to donate become available.
This clearly indicates the importance of having an efficient transplant system in place ensuring that the organs of people willing to donate become available.
A prerequisite for any action in this area is the establishment of an adequate transplant system at national level.
A prerequisite for any action in this area is the establishment of an adequate transplant system at national level.
Such a system requires an appropriate legal framework, which is not market-oriented, and a good technical approach as well as organisational support.
Such a system requires an appropriate legal framework, which is not market-oriented, and a good technical approach as well as organisational support.
The role of competent authorities is crucial in the organisational system.
The role of competent authorities is crucial in the organisational system.
These authorities must ensure compliance with basic standards and organise the donation and transplantation activities.
These authorities must ensure compliance with basic standards and organise the donation and transplantation activities.
The most efficient organisational systems should be used and promoted.
The most efficient organisational systems should be used and promoted.
As mentioned above, organ transplants are subject to time pressure.
As mentioned above, organ transplants are subject to time pressure.
The process from procurement to transplantation should be completed in a few hours (in order to preserve organ viability).
The process from procurement to transplantation should be completed in a few hours (in order to preserve organ viability).
In addition, for organs to be transplanted the donor has to match with the recipient.
In addition, for organs to be transplanted the donor has to match with the recipient.
This makes the organisational structure a key element of organ donation/transplantation systems.
This makes the organisational structure a key element of organ donation/transplantation systems.
As part of this organisation, an effective allocation system is essential, which takes into account the short time organs can be maintained and the need to ensure that the organ is assigned to the most suitable recipient, according to predefined criteria.
As part of this organisation, an effective allocation system is essential, which takes into account the short time organs can be maintained and the need to ensure that the organ is assigned to the most suitable recipient, according to predefined criteria.
Public awareness
Public awareness
Public awareness and public opinion also have an important role to play in increasing organ donation.
Public awareness and public opinion also have an important role to play in increasing organ donation.
Organ donation and transplantation are medical treatments that require the full participation of society for their development.
Organ donation and transplantation are medical treatments that require the full participation of society for their development.
Many complex and sensitive ethical issues are linked to this area, and it has become clear that several of these aspects are dealt with differently in different countries depending on the prevailing values and beliefs.
Many complex and sensitive ethical issues are linked to this area, and it has become clear that several of these aspects are dealt with differently in different countries depending on the prevailing values and beliefs.
These different values and concerns should remain and should be dealt with at a national level.
These different values and concerns should remain and should be dealt with at a national level.
Increasing public willingness to donate can be supported by improving the knowledge of health professionals and the media about transplantation issues.
Increasing public willingness to donate can be supported by improving the knowledge of health professionals and the media about transplantation issues.
Continued education should form an important element in any communication strategy.
Continued education should form an important element in any communication strategy.
People should be encouraged to speak about organ donation and to communicate their wishes to their relatives.
People should be encouraged to speak about organ donation and to communicate their wishes to their relatives.
There is a strong positive correlation between having discussed it within the family and the willingness to donate organs.
There is a strong positive correlation between having discussed it within the family and the willingness to donate organs.
In other words, public awareness must be enhanced to the as much as possible, both through provision of adequate information upon request, and its extensive dissemination to local, regional and central communities in Member States, including, but not limited to, schools, clinics, social and community centres and churches.
In other words, public awareness must be enhanced to the as much as possible, both through provision of adequate information upon request, and its extensive dissemination to local, regional and central communities in Member States, including, but not limited to, schools, clinics, social and community centres and churches.
Additionally, in the light of the evidence that people are more willing to donate organs if they have discussed the matter first with their family, comprehensive information should be provided to the family of the donor or potential donor.
Additionally, in the light of the evidence that people are more willing to donate organs if they have discussed the matter first with their family, comprehensive information should be provided to the family of the donor or potential donor.
Other Issues
Other Issues
* Co-ordination and other activities
* Co-ordination and other activities
Bearing in mind that there is no pan-European coordination of organ exchange, it is crucial that the existing arrangements for organ exchange between Member States are reinforced and coordinated in a more specific way in order to cover national needs and increase the efficiency of such exchanges.
Bearing in mind that there is no pan-European coordination of organ exchange, it is crucial that the existing arrangements for organ exchange between Member States are reinforced and coordinated in a more specific way in order to cover national needs and increase the efficiency of such exchanges.
The existing practices should not be jeopardised nor should the administrative burden be increased.
The existing practices should not be jeopardised nor should the administrative burden be increased.
Altruism must constitute the main element of organ donation and transplantation.
Altruism must constitute the main element of organ donation and transplantation.
The economic terminology used in the Commission's Communication is therefore not adequate, in particular in view of the principle of non-commercialisation of the human body.
The economic terminology used in the Commission's Communication is therefore not adequate, in particular in view of the principle of non-commercialisation of the human body.
Therefore, the language used must not suggest, under any circumstances, that organs may be treated as a commodity of the Internal Market.
Therefore, the language used must not suggest, under any circumstances, that organs may be treated as a commodity of the Internal Market.
This principle of non-commercialisation of the human body and its parts is expressly stated in Article 3 (2) of the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights.
This principle of non-commercialisation of the human body and its parts is expressly stated in Article 3 (2) of the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights.
The Commission Communication mentions this principle only in relation to organ trafficking.
The Commission Communication mentions this principle only in relation to organ trafficking.
Thus, we find it crucial to stress that this fundamental principle also applies to the donation of one's own organs.
Thus, we find it crucial to stress that this fundamental principle also applies to the donation of one's own organs.
In general, ethical aspects relating to organ donations should remain within the competence of Member States in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity.
In general, ethical aspects relating to organ donations should remain within the competence of Member States in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity.
In the face of available data on the trafficking of human organs and evidence for rapidly developing commercialism and transplant tourism, it is pertinent not to underestimate organ trafficking as a secondary area of concern.
In the face of available data on the trafficking of human organs and evidence for rapidly developing commercialism and transplant tourism, it is pertinent not to underestimate organ trafficking as a secondary area of concern.
It must be recognised that organ trafficking is caused by a combination of poverty and hopelessness, the desire to make a living, as well as corruption and unscrupulousness of criminals, globalisation of the economy and the exploitation of human beings.
It must be recognised that organ trafficking is caused by a combination of poverty and hopelessness, the desire to make a living, as well as corruption and unscrupulousness of criminals, globalisation of the economy and the exploitation of human beings.
Unfortunately, in many cases, people in the East become the spare parts inventory for the sick in the West.
Unfortunately, in many cases, people in the East become the spare parts inventory for the sick in the West.
Cooperation with international organisations (such as EUROPOL and INTERPOL) must be pursued to combat organ trafficking both in the EU and outside its borders.
Cooperation with international organisations (such as EUROPOL and INTERPOL) must be pursued to combat organ trafficking both in the EU and outside its borders.