natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
There are 200.000 Iraqi refugees in Europe.
There are 200.000 Iraqi refugees in Europe.
The refugee crisis has caused a considerable brain drain, disproportionately affecting the once prosperous and educated Iraqi middle class.
The refugee crisis has caused a considerable brain drain, disproportionately affecting the once prosperous and educated Iraqi middle class.
According to UNAMI and other UN agencies, in some hospitals, 80% of medical doctors have left; depending on the region, 30% to 70% of the schools have closed; 70% of the population lack access to adequate water supply and 81% have no access to effective sanitation; chronic child malnutrition stands at 23%.
According to UNAMI and other UN agencies, in some hospitals, 80% of medical doctors have left; depending on the region, 30% to 70% of the schools have closed; 70% of the population lack access to adequate water supply and 81% have no access to effective sanitation; chronic child malnutrition stands at 23%.
Unemployment is still rampant: according to UNAMI it stands at over 80%, while over half the population lives on less than $1/day.
Unemployment is still rampant: according to UNAMI it stands at over 80%, while over half the population lives on less than $1/day.
While these numbers have their roots in the long decline of the Iraqi economy since the 1980s due to war, sanctions, dictatorship and mismanagement, post-2003 developments either made a bad situation worse, or have simply failed to address Iraq’s most pressing security and developmental challenges.
While these numbers have their roots in the long decline of the Iraqi economy since the 1980s due to war, sanctions, dictatorship and mismanagement, post-2003 developments either made a bad situation worse, or have simply failed to address Iraq’s most pressing security and developmental challenges.
Europe and Iraq
Europe and Iraq
The 2003 war divided Europe.
The 2003 war divided Europe.
Some Member States of the European Union (EU) took a political decision to support the United States in its decision to rush to war to supposedly defend the world from Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction.
Some Member States of the European Union (EU) took a political decision to support the United States in its decision to rush to war to supposedly defend the world from Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction.
The unity of the EU on the international stage was one of the casualties of this fateful decision.
The unity of the EU on the international stage was one of the casualties of this fateful decision.
The legacy of the 2003 disunity has plagued the EU’s potential role in the reconstruction of Iraq.
The legacy of the 2003 disunity has plagued the EU’s potential role in the reconstruction of Iraq.
The EC has committed around €818 million to Iraqi reconstruction since 2003, in addition to the contributions coming from member states.
The EC has committed around €818 million to Iraqi reconstruction since 2003, in addition to the contributions coming from member states.
But the EU has not been successful in substantially improving the situation on the ground.
But the EU has not been successful in substantially improving the situation on the ground.
It is true that it has not been the only donor whose contributions for Iraqi reconstruction have produced disappointingly few results.
It is true that it has not been the only donor whose contributions for Iraqi reconstruction have produced disappointingly few results.
However, this recommendation argues that Europe can do much more and much better, namely by engaging more intensively with Iraqi institutions, and civil society actors by considerably expanding its presence on the ground and by finding more creative ways to use its resources.
However, this recommendation argues that Europe can do much more and much better, namely by engaging more intensively with Iraqi institutions, and civil society actors by considerably expanding its presence on the ground and by finding more creative ways to use its resources.
This recommendation to the Council will follow the same basic approach of the EP’s resolution on the European Union and Iraq – A Framework for Engagement
This recommendation to the Council will follow the same basic approach of the EP’s resolution on the European Union and Iraq – A Framework for Engagement
P6_TA(2005)0288 . of 6 July 2005, namely that the EU’s role in Iraq has to be guided by the “ need to move on from past events and to look towards the future ” and by the “ moral and political duty ” of the “ international community ” to help the people of Iraq.
P6_TA(2005)0288 . of 6 July 2005, namely that the EU’s role in Iraq has to be guided by the “ need to move on from past events and to look towards the future ” and by the “ moral and political duty ” of the “ international community ” to help the people of Iraq.
In this recommendation, UN Security Council resolutions on Iraq provide the overarching framework for the EU’s involvement in Iraq.
In this recommendation, UN Security Council resolutions on Iraq provide the overarching framework for the EU’s involvement in Iraq.
UNSC Resolution 1770 , which considerably expands the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq’s (UNAMI) mandate, emphasizes “ the importance of the stability and the security of Iraq for the people of Iraq , the region and the international community ” and it underscores “ the importance of continued regional and international support for Iraq ’s development ”.
UNSC Resolution 1770 , which considerably expands the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq’s (UNAMI) mandate, emphasizes “ the importance of the stability and the security of Iraq for the people of Iraq , the region and the international community ” and it underscores “ the importance of continued regional and international support for Iraq ’s development ”.
The EU, as a global actor with its own interests and responsibilities, cannot and must not ignore the crisis unfolding in Iraq: the country is vital for regional, global and of course European security.
The EU, as a global actor with its own interests and responsibilities, cannot and must not ignore the crisis unfolding in Iraq: the country is vital for regional, global and of course European security.
This recommendation is based on the assumption that the EU has at its disposal a host of financial and political resources that can be usefully used to promote the final outcome of a safe, stable, unified, prosperous and democratic Iraq that upholds human rights, protects its minorities and contributes to a more stable Middle East.
This recommendation is based on the assumption that the EU has at its disposal a host of financial and political resources that can be usefully used to promote the final outcome of a safe, stable, unified, prosperous and democratic Iraq that upholds human rights, protects its minorities and contributes to a more stable Middle East.
The importance of effectiveness, transparency and visibility
The importance of effectiveness, transparency and visibility
The European Parliament has on many occasions expressed its dissatisfaction with the use of multilateral trust funds as a way to channel EC funding.
The European Parliament has on many occasions expressed its dissatisfaction with the use of multilateral trust funds as a way to channel EC funding.
These types of funds are not administered by the EU and it is impossible to track the way they are spent on the ground with any kind of precision.
These types of funds are not administered by the EU and it is impossible to track the way they are spent on the ground with any kind of precision.
In the particular case of Iraq, the use of the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq (IRFFI) as the main conduit for Community funds has raised concerns in the European Parliament about transparency, effectiveness and visibility.
In the particular case of Iraq, the use of the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq (IRFFI) as the main conduit for Community funds has raised concerns in the European Parliament about transparency, effectiveness and visibility.
These concerns have been particularly acute about the World Bank Iraq Trust Fund, which is one of the components of the IRFFI.
These concerns have been particularly acute about the World Bank Iraq Trust Fund, which is one of the components of the IRFFI.
Already in its 2005 resolution on Iraq
Already in its 2005 resolution on Iraq
P6_TA(2005)0288 . , the European Parliament expresses its surprise about the fact that “ the funds allocated to reconstruction are being partly administered by the World Bank and not entirely by the United Nations ”, and underlines that “ to date, the World Bank Trust has only utilised a minute proportion of the funds set aside. ”
P6_TA(2005)0288 . , the European Parliament expresses its surprise about the fact that “ the funds allocated to reconstruction are being partly administered by the World Bank and not entirely by the United Nations ”, and underlines that “ to date, the World Bank Trust has only utilised a minute proportion of the funds set aside. ”
The Opinion of the Foreign Affairs Committee on the draft general budget for the European Union for the financial year 2006 (C6-0000/2005 – 2005/2001 (BUD))
The Opinion of the Foreign Affairs Committee on the draft general budget for the European Union for the financial year 2006 (C6-0000/2005 – 2005/2001 (BUD))
PE 360.281v02-00. is even more explicit and “ requests… that no further funding be channelled to the World Bank. ”
PE 360.281v02-00. is even more explicit and “ requests… that no further funding be channelled to the World Bank. ”
The Commission’s inability to provide the European Parliament with data on how European resources are being spent led to the decision to enter 20% of commitment appropriations on budget line 19.10.03 (DCI Middle East) in reserve, in the context of the final adoption of the 2008 Budget.
The Commission’s inability to provide the European Parliament with data on how European resources are being spent led to the decision to enter 20% of commitment appropriations on budget line 19.10.03 (DCI Middle East) in reserve, in the context of the final adoption of the 2008 Budget.
The condition for release of the reserve was that the European Commission “ present to Parliament an exhaustive overview of the use of funds in Iraq (in 2006, 2007 and planned for 2008). ”
The condition for release of the reserve was that the European Commission “ present to Parliament an exhaustive overview of the use of funds in Iraq (in 2006, 2007 and planned for 2008). ”
At the time of writing, the reply of the Commission to this request by Parliament has been considered unsatisfactory.
At the time of writing, the reply of the Commission to this request by Parliament has been considered unsatisfactory.
This recommendation reiterates European Parliament demands for more transparency, less use of multilateral trust funds in general, and of the World Bank ITF within the IRFFI in particular, and a greater reliance on bilateral projects, namely with UN agencies.
This recommendation reiterates European Parliament demands for more transparency, less use of multilateral trust funds in general, and of the World Bank ITF within the IRFFI in particular, and a greater reliance on bilateral projects, namely with UN agencies.
As long as the absorption capacity of the Iraqi administration is limited and as long as the IRFFI fails to provide a sufficient level of transparency and visibility to EU funds, the EU should switch the emphasis of its support to bilateral projects focussed on technical assistance and capacity-building in the fields of rule of law, financial management, democratic governance and human rights.
As long as the absorption capacity of the Iraqi administration is limited and as long as the IRFFI fails to provide a sufficient level of transparency and visibility to EU funds, the EU should switch the emphasis of its support to bilateral projects focussed on technical assistance and capacity-building in the fields of rule of law, financial management, democratic governance and human rights.
The Commission itself has started to move in this direction, which is a welcome development.
The Commission itself has started to move in this direction, which is a welcome development.
The specific recommendations on the future EU involvement in Iraq are of course contingent on the security circumstances on the ground, which constitute the single most important barrier to a greater European role in that country.
The specific recommendations on the future EU involvement in Iraq are of course contingent on the security circumstances on the ground, which constitute the single most important barrier to a greater European role in that country.
In any case, the EU should not fail to follow the United Nations if/when it expands its presence in Iraq - be it in Baghdad or elsewhere.
In any case, the EU should not fail to follow the United Nations if/when it expands its presence in Iraq - be it in Baghdad or elsewhere.
It goes without saying that the question of the presence of US troops on Iraqi soil escapes the purview of this resolution.
It goes without saying that the question of the presence of US troops on Iraqi soil escapes the purview of this resolution.
However, it labours under the assumption that the US will assume its responsibilities for security in Iraq for as long as the Iraqi authorities find it necessary.
However, it labours under the assumption that the US will assume its responsibilities for security in Iraq for as long as the Iraqi authorities find it necessary.
The only long-term solution for the stabilization of Iraq is an increased multilateralization and gradual demilitarization of the international presence on the ground, led by the UN.
The only long-term solution for the stabilization of Iraq is an increased multilateralization and gradual demilitarization of the international presence on the ground, led by the UN.
It is in this context that the EU can add substantial value.
It is in this context that the EU can add substantial value.
The EU should use all the relevant external action financial instruments at its disposal to support an increased political commitment to the stability and the prosperity of Iraq.
The EU should use all the relevant external action financial instruments at its disposal to support an increased political commitment to the stability and the prosperity of Iraq.
Iraq is not a conventional case for development assistance and the preferred approach so far – using mostly the Development and Cooperation Instrument (DCI) – must be changed.
Iraq is not a conventional case for development assistance and the preferred approach so far – using mostly the Development and Cooperation Instrument (DCI) – must be changed.
The June 2006 Commission Communication on Recommendations for renewed European Union engagement with Iraq
The June 2006 Commission Communication on Recommendations for renewed European Union engagement with Iraq
COM (2006) 283. contains a set of useful guidelines for the future.
COM (2006) 283. contains a set of useful guidelines for the future.
Its emphasis on (1) the importance of the inclusiveness of the political process and in the government, and (2) the security situation in the country, is welcome.
Its emphasis on (1) the importance of the inclusiveness of the political process and in the government, and (2) the security situation in the country, is welcome.
However, for the EU to make a difference, it must use the instruments at its disposal creatively.
However, for the EU to make a difference, it must use the instruments at its disposal creatively.
Apart from an intensified political dialogue with the Iraqi institutions (with a particular emphasis on the Council of Representatives), the Stability Instrument, the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), humanitarian aid and the DCI, but also ESDP measures in the field of DDR and SSR, should all be combined to mutually reinforce each other, in order to help build a safe, stable, unified, prosperous and democratic Iraq that upholds human rights and protects its minorities.
Apart from an intensified political dialogue with the Iraqi institutions (with a particular emphasis on the Council of Representatives), the Stability Instrument, the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR), humanitarian aid and the DCI, but also ESDP measures in the field of DDR and SSR, should all be combined to mutually reinforce each other, in order to help build a safe, stable, unified, prosperous and democratic Iraq that upholds human rights and protects its minorities.
Iraq does not lack money.
Iraq does not lack money.
It lacks the stability, the political will, the strong political institutions and the administrative capacity to spend it well.
It lacks the stability, the political will, the strong political institutions and the administrative capacity to spend it well.
These are areas where the EU can make a difference.
These are areas where the EU can make a difference.
One particular area where the EU must invest is human rights.
One particular area where the EU must invest is human rights.
The death penalty, the culture of impunity and the systematic violation of human rights in all areas of Iraqi collective life, must be targeted by the EU’s actions in Iraq.
The death penalty, the culture of impunity and the systematic violation of human rights in all areas of Iraqi collective life, must be targeted by the EU’s actions in Iraq.
The rights of religious and ethnic minorities should rank particularly high in the list of priorities for future EU action in the country.
The rights of religious and ethnic minorities should rank particularly high in the list of priorities for future EU action in the country.
The EIDHR should be substantially mobilized for Iraq, namely with a view to strengthening Iraqi civil society.
The EIDHR should be substantially mobilized for Iraq, namely with a view to strengthening Iraqi civil society.
Finally this recommendation demands transparency from the European Council in what concerns the use of Private Military and Security Companies (PMC/PSCs) by EU staff in Baghdad.
Finally this recommendation demands transparency from the European Council in what concerns the use of Private Military and Security Companies (PMC/PSCs) by EU staff in Baghdad.
The EU lacks clear guidelines for the use of these companies for ESDP operations in particular, but also for their employment by EU institutions abroad more generally.
The EU lacks clear guidelines for the use of these companies for ESDP operations in particular, but also for their employment by EU institutions abroad more generally.
As long as transparency in this area does not radically improve and clear guidelines for the use of PMC/PSCs by EU institutions out side the EU are not created, it will be extremely difficult for the European Parliament to agree to an expansion of the EU’s physical presence in Iraq.
As long as transparency in this area does not radically improve and clear guidelines for the use of PMC/PSCs by EU institutions out side the EU are not created, it will be extremely difficult for the European Parliament to agree to an expansion of the EU’s physical presence in Iraq.
ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ЗА ПРЕПОРЪКА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ ПАРЛАМЕНТ ДО СЪВЕТА ( B6-0328/2007 )
PROPOSAL FOR A RECOMMENDATION TO THE COUNCIL ( B6-0328/2007 )
внесено съгласно член 114, параграф 1 от своя правилник,
pursuant to Rule 114(1) of the Rules of Procedure
от Ana Maria Gomes
by Ana Maria Gomes
относно ролята на ЕС в Ирак
on the role of the European Union in Iraq
А) като има предвид съществената роля на Ирак за стабилността в целия регион и в Близкия Изток в широкия смисъл на думата;
A. whereas the role of Iraq is vital to the stability of the whole region and of the Middle East at large;
Б) като има предвид междуобщностните и вътреобщностните прояви на насилие;
B. whereas there has been violence within and between its communities;
В) като има предвид, че няма възможно военно разрешение на проблема, а още по-малко такова, наложено от чуждестранни сили;
C. whereas no military solution is possible, and even less so one imposed by foreign forces;
Г) като има предвид необходимостта от създаване на национални сили за опазване на реда, в които да участват всички общности и които могат да се ползват от доверието на съответните общности;
D. whereas it is necessary to create a national force for maintaining order that brings together all the communities and is viewed as trustworthy by them;
Д) като има предвид необходимостта всички политически участници от всички общности да се включат в търсенето на трайно решение;
E. whereas all the political players from every community need to be included in the quest for a lasting solution;
Е) като има предвид, че е необходимо да се продължава в посока облекчаване нещастията, сполетели гражданското население на Ирак и по специално тези, които са преместени или са намерили убежище в съседните държави;
F. whereas it is necessary to continue to relieve the misfortunes of the Iraqi civilian population, and especially those who are displaced or refugees in neighbouring countries;
Ж) като има предвид ангажиментите, поети от „Дарителската конференция”;
G. whereas commitments were made at the 'Donors' Conference';
З) като има предвид съвместната отговорност на Парламента в европейската бюджетна сфера;
I. whereas the European Parliament has joint responsibility for the European budget;
И) като има предвид, че между 2003 г и 2006 г. Европейският съюз е отпуснал помощ на Ирак в размер от 718,5 милиона евро;
J. whereas between 2003 and 2006 the European Union granted Iraq EUR 718,5 million in aid;
Й) като има предвид, че средствата на ЕС са били използвани, без върху тях да е бил упражняван реален контрол от страна на ЕС, основно чрез ООН и Световната банка и са били насочени към „Международния фонд за възстановяване на Ирак”;
K. whereas European Union funding has been channelled, without any real European oversight, essentially via the UN and the World Bank, into the 'International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq';
Иска от Съвета да спази следните препоръки:
Addresses the following recommendations to the Council:
а) Европейският съюз да продължава да допринася за създаването на обединена, стабилна, демократична, светска държава, която да зачита религиозните свободи;
a) maintain the European Union's contribution to the creation of a unified, stable, democratic, secular state respectful of religious freedoms;
б) да се увеличава броят на инициативите, които позволяват сближаването между различните общности и по-специално в областта на конституционната реформа и разпределението на властта;
b) step up efforts to bring the different communities closer together, particularly in the fields of constitutional reform and power sharing;
в) да се разработи, в тясно сътрудничество с ООН, останалите участници и иракските власти, адекватен дългосрочен план за реформа в областта на сигурността, който да се основава на принципа на демократичната отговорност на въоръжените сили и оставящ акцент върху демобилизацията на милициите;
c) develop, in close partnership with the UN, the other international players and the Iraqi authorities, a cohesive long-term plan for reform of the security sector based on the principle of democratic responsibility of the armed forces and placing the emphasis on demobilisation of the militias;
г) да даде своя принос при подпомагането на Ирак в извличането на полза от неговите минерални богатства;
d) help Iraq to take advantage of its mineral resources;
д) да проведе независима проверка на използването на европейски средства чрез ООН и Световната банка;
e) carry out an independent 'audit' of the utilisation of European funding channelled via the UN and the World Bank.
Възлага на своя председател да предаде настоящата препоръка на Съвета и, за сведение, на Комисията, иракското правителство, Съвета на представителите на Ирак, ООН, Световната банка.
Instructs its President to forward this recommendation to the Council and, for information, to the Commission, and to the Iraqi Government, the Iraqi Council of Representatives, the UN and the World Bank.