natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
А. като има предвид, че политиката за защита на конкуренцията е част от проекта за европейска интеграция от самото начало и играе ключова роля в процеса на изграждане на Европейския съюз,
A. whereas competition policy has formed part of the European integration venture from the outset and is key to the process of the construction of the European Union,
Б. като има предвид, че свободната и ненарушена конкуренция е от съществено значение за постигането на целите на стратегията от Лисабон и Гьотеборг, за жизнеспособността на вътрешния пазар, високите предприемачески постижения, интересите на потребителите и целите на Европейския съюз, докато нарушаващото конкуренцията поведение е в ущърб на тези цели,
B. whereas free and undistorted competition is essential to achieving the objectives of the Lisbon-Göteborg strategy, the vitality of the internal market, entrepreneurial excellence, consumer interests and the goals of the European Union, while anti-competitive behaviour is prejudicial to those objectives,
В. като има предвид, че членове 81 и 82 от Договора за ЕО съдържат разпоредби от обществен характер с пряко действие, които следва да се прилагат автоматично от компетентните органи; като има предвид, че те създават права между физически лица, които съдебните органи следва да защитават ефективно в съответствие със съдебната практика на Съда на Европейските общности, включително решението по дело 26/62
C. whereas Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty are public policy provisions that have direct effects and that should automatically be applied by the competent authorities; whereas they create rights between individuals, which the judicial authorities should safeguard effectively in line with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, including the judgment in case 26/62
NV Algemene Transport-en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend en Loos срещу Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration [1963] ECR-1.
NV Algemene Transport-en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend en Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration [1963] ECR-1.
(Van Gend & Loos), което е известно по-специално заради това, че съставлява прецедент за следващи дела от подобен характер,
(Van Gend & Loos), which is notable, in particular, for being the precursor to subsequent cases,
Г. като има предвид, че конкурентното право на държавите-членки се прилага главно чрез средствата на публичното право, както и факта, че между държавите-членки съществуват значителни разлики и пречки, които биха могли да възпрепятстват потенциалните ищци да предявят иск за обезщетение,
D. whereas in the Member States, competition law is chiefly enforced through public-law channels and considerable differences and obstacles exist at Member State level which may prevent potential claimants from pursuing actions for compensation,
Д. като има предвид, че съгласно член 85 от Договора за ЕО Комисията има задължение да гарантира прилагането на принципите, предвидени в членове 81 и 82 от Договора относно конкурентното право; като има предвид, че Договорът предвижда други правни основания, които биха могли да допринесат за ефективността на тези принципи, например членове 65, 83, 95, 153 и 308; и като има предвид, че Съдът на Европейските общности счита, че при липсата на общностни разпоредби относно правото на увредените лица да предявят иск за обезщетение на вреди пред национално съдилище, именно националната правна система на всяка държава-членка трябва да определи компетентните съдилища и да установи подробни процесуални правила, уреждащи искове за защита на права на физически лица, пряко произтичащи от правото на Общността, при положение че тези правила не са по-неблагоприятни в сравнение с правилата, уреждащи сходни дела по вътрешното право (в съответствие с принципа на еквивалентност), и в случай че те на практика не осуетяват или не затрудняват прекомерно упражняването на правата, предоставени от правото на Общността (в съответствие с принципа на ефективност),
E. whereas Article 85 of the EC Treaty requires the Commission to ensure application of the principles laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty concerning competition law; whereas the Treaty provides for other legal bases that can contribute to the effectiveness of those principles, such as Articles 65, 83, 95, 153 and 308; and whereas as the Court of Justice considers that, in the absence of Community rules governing the right of victims to claim damages before the national courts, it is for the domestic legal system of each Member State to designate the courts and tribunals having jurisdiction and to lay down detailed procedural rules governing actions for safeguarding rights which individuals derive directly from Community law, provided that such rules are not less favourable than those governing similar domestic actions (in accordance with the principle of equivalence), and provided that they do not render practically impossible or excessively difficult the exercise of rights conferred by Community law (in accordance with the principle of effectiveness),
Е. като има предвид, че рядкото и извънредно прибягване до граждански искове пред компетентните съдилища на държавите-членки, както е предвидено в Регламент (ЕО) № 1/2003 относно осъвременяването на политиката за защита на конкуренция в прилагането на конкурентното право, сочи, че съществува необходимост от мерки за улесняване на предявяването на искове за вреди; като има предвид, че подобни мерки ще засилят спазването на общностното конкурентно право при отчитане на различните процесуални норми и правила за предоставяне на доказателства в държавите-членки; като има предвид, че това не трябва да води до положение, при което предприятия със законосъобразно икономическо поведение, са изложени на ненужен риск от необходимостта да заплащат неоснователни искове или да променят поведението си с цел избягване на скъпо струващи съдебни спорове;
F. whereas the rare and exceptional use of private actions before the jurisdictions of Member State courts, as provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 regarding the modernisation of Competition policy in the application of competition law indicates that there is a need for measures to facilitate the bringing of actions for damages; whereas such measures should increase compliance with EC competition law, bearing in mind the different rules of procedure and evidence in the Member States; whereas this should not lead to a situation in which undertakings engaging in lawful economic behaviour are placed at undue risk of having to pay unjustified claims, or to change their behaviour, in order to avoid costly litigation,
Ж. като има предвид, че потребителите и предприятията, претърпели вреди вследствие на нарушение на антитръстовите правила, следва да имат право на обезщетение,
G. whereas consumers and businesses that have suffered damage as a result of breach of antitrust rules should have a right to compensation,
З. като има предвид, че промените в правилата за гражданското съдопроизводство на ЕС, и по-специално по отношение на достъпа до правосъдие, не следват хода на последните промени в общностното конкурентно право на вътрешния пазар,
H. whereas developments in EU civil justice rules, in particular as regards access to justice, have not kept pace with recent developments in Community competition law in the internal market,
И. като има предвид, че в решението си по дело C-453/99
I. whereas in Case C-453/99
Й. като има предвид, че съществуващите механизми за обезщетяване на вреди при нарушение на антитръстовите правила на европейско равнище не гарантират пълната ефектност на член 81 от Договора за ЕО, по-специално по отношение на увредените лица,
J. whereas the existing redress mechanisms for breach of antitrust rules at European level do not guarantee the full effectiveness of Article 81 of the EC Treaty, in particular with regard to victims,
К. като има предвид, че много държави-членки проучват начини за осигуряване на по-добра защита на потребителите чрез допускане на колективни искове, и като има предвид, че разнопосочните действия в това отношение биха могли да доведат до нарушаване на конкуренцията на вътрешния пазар,
K. whereas many Member States are examining ways better to protect consumers by allowing collective actions, and whereas differing courses of action may lead to the distortion of competition in the internal market,
Л. като има предвид, че всяко предложение на Комисията в области извън нейната изключителна компетентност съгласно Договора за ЕО трябва да съответства на принципите на субсидиарност и пропорционалност,
L. whereas any proposal by the Commission in areas for which the Commission does not have exclusive competence must, pursuant to the EC Treaty, comply with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality,
20. отбелязва, че в много случаи, при съдебно производство за вреди, произтичащи от нарушаващо конкуренцията поведение, ресурсите са неравномерно разпределени между ищеца и ответника и че в подобни случаи ищците не трябва да бъдат възпирани да предявяват обосновани искове за вреди от страх, че ще трябва да заплатят прекомерно високи съдебни разноски, в това число и разноските на ответника в случай, че искът не бъде удовлетворен; следователно, предлага съдебните органи да имат възможност за отчитане на различното икономическо положение на страните и по целесъобразност да контролират този въпрос в началото на съдебното производство; счита, че размерът на разноските следва да се основава на разумни и обективни критерии при отчитане на естеството на съдебния процес и да включва разноските по съдебното дело;
Notes that in many cases there will be an asymmetry of resources between the complainant and the defendant in legal proceedings for damages arising from anti-competitive behaviour and in such cases complainants should not be deterred from bringing well-founded actions for damages by the fear of having to pay excessive legal costs, including the costs of the defendant if the claim is unsuccessful; suggests, therefore, that judicial authorities should be able to take into account the different economic situation of the parties and where appropriate should control this point at the outset of proceedings; considers that the level of the costs should be based on reasonable and objective criteria taking into account the nature of the trial, and should include the costs engendered by the legal proceedings;
Препоръчва в програмите за обществени помощи, които могат да бъдат законно приети с цел по-лесно предявяване на граждански искове за вреди, произтичащи от нарушаващо конкуренцията поведение, да бъдат установени ясни условия по отношение на надзора на съдопроизводството и възстановяването на тези помощи, по-специално в случаите, в които делото е приключено и на нарушителя е разпоредено да заплати разноските;
Recommends that in the public aid programmes that can legitimately be adopted to enable private actions to be brought more easily for damages arising from anti-competitive behaviour, clear-cut conditions be laid down as regards the oversight of the proceedings and the reimbursement of such aid, in particular in cases where the case is settled and the infringer is ordered to pay costs;
30. подчертава, че Парламентът следва да играе роля на законодател в областта на конкурентното право и да бъде редовно осведомяван за предявяването на граждански съдебни искове;
Emphasises that Parliament should play a co-legislative role in the field of competition law and that it should be kept regularly informed on the bringing of private legal actions;
Competition in the Community: 50 years of experience
Competition in the Community: 50 years of experience
Competition policy is an inherent part of the EU.
Competition policy is an inherent part of the EU.
Ever since the Treaty of Rome, it has played a crucial part in enabling the existence of an open and dynamic market that generates entrepreneurial excellence and benefits for the end consumer.
Ever since the Treaty of Rome, it has played a crucial part in enabling the existence of an open and dynamic market that generates entrepreneurial excellence and benefits for the end consumer.
Competition has increased in importance and specific value.
Competition has increased in importance and specific value.
It is as an integral part of European economic logic, and competition measures are an essential means of carrying out the tasks entrusted to the Community.
It is as an integral part of European economic logic, and competition measures are an essential means of carrying out the tasks entrusted to the Community.
Competition policy is essential to the smooth operation of the internal market, ensuring that economic activity produces optimum results and delivering on the Lisbon Strategy for growth and lasting employment.
Competition policy is essential to the smooth operation of the internal market, ensuring that economic activity produces optimum results and delivering on the Lisbon Strategy for growth and lasting employment.
It is vital to tackling the challenges of globalisation and meeting the European Union's objectives.
It is vital to tackling the challenges of globalisation and meeting the European Union's objectives.
The costs of infringement
The costs of infringement
Infringements generate micro-economic and macro-economic costs.
Infringements generate micro-economic and macro-economic costs.
Infringers seek to unbalance relations with other market players (competitors, providers, customers and consumers) and secure an advantage at their expense.
Infringers seek to unbalance relations with other market players (competitors, providers, customers and consumers) and secure an advantage at their expense.
By acting in a proscribed manner they occasion exorbitant economic costs to them.
By acting in a proscribed manner they occasion exorbitant economic costs to them.
In a wider perspective, they prevent the results of competition from being achieved: better allocation of resources, greater economic efficiency, increased innovation and lower prices.
In a wider perspective, they prevent the results of competition from being achieved: better allocation of resources, greater economic efficiency, increased innovation and lower prices.
An effective competition policy must avoid the economic costs and loss of confidence generated by infringements.
An effective competition policy must avoid the economic costs and loss of confidence generated by infringements.
Passivity is complicity.
Passivity is complicity.
It is crucial to efficient competition that the infringer does not secure advantages on the market and that he suffers serious consequences for his conduct and, in the final analysis, is made fully liable.
It is crucial to efficient competition that the infringer does not secure advantages on the market and that he suffers serious consequences for his conduct and, in the final analysis, is made fully liable.
The private pillar of Community competition
The private pillar of Community competition
Competition rules generate specific administrative relations as regards market discipline, and regulate private relations.
Competition rules generate specific administrative relations as regards market discipline, and regulate private relations.
The private dimension of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty can be seen in Article 81(2), which states that any prohibited action shall automatically be void.
The private dimension of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty can be seen in Article 81(2), which states that any prohibited action shall automatically be void.
The judgments in Geus v Bosch (case 13/61) and Van Gend & Loos (case 26/62) recognised that the provisions of the Treaty impose obligations on the public and also create rights in their favour on which they can rely in law.
The judgments in Geus v Bosch (case 13/61) and Van Gend & Loos (case 26/62) recognised that the provisions of the Treaty impose obligations on the public and also create rights in their favour on which they can rely in law.
The leading role in the tackling of anti-competitive behaviour has come to be filled by public proceedings.
The leading role in the tackling of anti-competitive behaviour has come to be filled by public proceedings.
Initial centralisation of the application of Article 81(3) by the Commission through a system of notification and authorisation, which proved decisive for the introduction of Community competition policy, placed the emphasis on public initiative.
Initial centralisation of the application of Article 81(3) by the Commission through a system of notification and authorisation, which proved decisive for the introduction of Community competition policy, placed the emphasis on public initiative.
The extension of the Commission's role, with the adoption, from the 1980s onwards, of block exemption rules for some classes of agreement, may have speeded up the system but did not change its administrative leanings.
The extension of the Commission's role, with the adoption, from the 1980s onwards, of block exemption rules for some classes of agreement, may have speeded up the system but did not change its administrative leanings.
Its weakness stemmed from success: the demand for more and better competition was incompatible with the economic inefficiency and judicial inadequacy of the system.
Its weakness stemmed from success: the demand for more and better competition was incompatible with the economic inefficiency and judicial inadequacy of the system.
It was therefore done away with under Regulation 1/2003, which broke the Commission's monopoly and established a more complex and open system, applicable in a decentralised manner by the competition authorities and by the national judicial authorities.
It was therefore done away with under Regulation 1/2003, which broke the Commission's monopoly and established a more complex and open system, applicable in a decentralised manner by the competition authorities and by the national judicial authorities.
A milestone in the modernisation process came with the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in the case Courage v Crehan of 20 September 2001 which, in tying in with basic jurisprudence, expressly recognised that Article 81 could be relied on in law and, moreover, indicated that its full effectiveness would be restricted if the victim of anti-competitive behaviour were not able to claim damages for losses.
A milestone in the modernisation process came with the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in the case Courage v Crehan of 20 September 2001 which, in tying in with basic jurisprudence, expressly recognised that Article 81 could be relied on in law and, moreover, indicated that its full effectiveness would be restricted if the victim of anti-competitive behaviour were not able to claim damages for losses.
The judgment in the Manfredi case of 13 July 2006 also pointed out that 'actions for damages before the national courts can make a significant contribution to the maintenance of effective competition in the Community' .
The judgment in the Manfredi case of 13 July 2006 also pointed out that 'actions for damages before the national courts can make a significant contribution to the maintenance of effective competition in the Community' .
Complementary nature of public and private legal actions
Complementary nature of public and private legal actions
Public actions and private actions form two pillars in the application of Community competition rules.
Public actions and private actions form two pillars in the application of Community competition rules.
Competition policy must safeguard market discipline, as a social principle, and the interests of the players on that market, be they undertakings or consumers.
Competition policy must safeguard market discipline, as a social principle, and the interests of the players on that market, be they undertakings or consumers.
In an advanced system, public action against the impunity of infringer undertakings should be backed with private action against their immunity and indemnity vis-à-vis private individuals.
In an advanced system, public action against the impunity of infringer undertakings should be backed with private action against their immunity and indemnity vis-à-vis private individuals.
The imposition of fines by the public authorities is a limited response and it would be unacceptable for them also to address private claims as this would overburden them, resulting in inefficiency, and would be alien to European legal culture.
The imposition of fines by the public authorities is a limited response and it would be unacceptable for them also to address private claims as this would overburden them, resulting in inefficiency, and would be alien to European legal culture.
In the European model, private legal actions are a complement to public actions, rather than a substitute for them.
In the European model, private legal actions are a complement to public actions, rather than a substitute for them.
The opening-up of the European system to private actions, rather than a change in that model, is an evolution from its original form.
The opening-up of the European system to private actions, rather than a change in that model, is an evolution from its original form.
The consistency of the system must be ensured in accordance with the right to conduct a business and the subjective rights of private individuals.
The consistency of the system must be ensured in accordance with the right to conduct a business and the subjective rights of private individuals.
Articulation of the two pillars calls for the coordination of activities under them, facilitation of the following-up with private actions of infringement decisions adopted by the competition authorities, and recognition of the binding nature of prior final rulings adopted by the competent authorities.
Articulation of the two pillars calls for the coordination of activities under them, facilitation of the following-up with private actions of infringement decisions adopted by the competition authorities, and recognition of the binding nature of prior final rulings adopted by the competent authorities.
The decentralisation of public legal action and the development of private actions will enable a more strategic and selective focus to be adopted for public actions, centring these on major questions and priority issues.
The decentralisation of public legal action and the development of private actions will enable a more strategic and selective focus to be adopted for public actions, centring these on major questions and priority issues.
Promoting competition rather than litigation
Promoting competition rather than litigation
Private legal actions are an instrument of competition policy and not an end in themselves.
Private legal actions are an instrument of competition policy and not an end in themselves.
Recognising their role does not necessarily entail implementation can act as a powerful incentive to avoiding them.
Recognising their role does not necessarily entail implementation can act as a powerful incentive to avoiding them.
In any event, the bringing of private actions is in reality a means of remedying the economic imbalances arising from infringement.
In any event, the bringing of private actions is in reality a means of remedying the economic imbalances arising from infringement.
Appropriate regulation of private actions will also reduce the number of lawsuits by removing the uncertainties which help to encourage them.
Appropriate regulation of private actions will also reduce the number of lawsuits by removing the uncertainties which help to encourage them.
In the final analysis, it will enable the judicial authorities to implement Community rules more effectively when litigation is inevitable.
In the final analysis, it will enable the judicial authorities to implement Community rules more effectively when litigation is inevitable.
Litigation should not be encouraged artificially or with rules detrimental to fair and equitable process, with equality of arms for both parties.
Litigation should not be encouraged artificially or with rules detrimental to fair and equitable process, with equality of arms for both parties.
The aim is not activism but the rational use of legal action.
The aim is not activism but the rational use of legal action.