natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Por último, hay que señalar que existe una tendencia creciente hacia la inclusión de los conceptos de ecosistema como una base para establecer los límites a la explotación.
Finally, it should be pointed out that there is a growing trend towards including ecosystem concepts as a basis for setting limits on exploitation.
A pesar de que estos conceptos no están suficientemente desarrollados con respecto a aquellos basados en una sola especie, deberían de ser una guía para el futuro de la ordenación pesquera.
Even though these concepts are not sufficiently developed by comparison with concepts based on a single species, they should provide a guide for the future of fisheries' management.
En su comunicación, la Comisión europea propone un cambio en la ordenación pesquera a través de un cambio en el modelo de gestión que posibilite el uso sostenible de los recursos pesqueros con el fin de garantizar la viabilidad del sector.
In its communication, the Commission proposes a change in fisheries regulation through a change in the management model that will allow the sustainable use of fisheries resources in order to guarantee the industry's viability.
En palabras de la propia Comisión "un modelo de gestión para buscar el éxito en lugar de limitarse a prevenir el fracaso".
In the Commission's own words, fisheries should be managed 'looking for success rather than to seek merely to avoid failure'.
Para ello, toma como punto de partida el compromiso político de la UE y de sus Estados miembros en la Cumbre de Johanesburgo para alcanzar el RMS antes del año 2015.
It takes as its starting point the political commitment given by the EU and its Member States at the Johannesburg Summit to achieve the MSY by 2015.
Según la Comisión, las claves del sistema de gestión a través del RMS son:
According to the Commission, the key points of an MSY-based management system are:
§ es un sistema de gestión a largo plazo que garantiza la sostenibilidad así como una explotación óptima del potencial productivo;
§ it is a long-term management system that guarantees both the sustainability and the optimum exploitation of the productive potential ;
§ los beneficios del sistema solo pueden obtenerse si se restringe más la pesca durante un periodo de transición;
§ the benefits of the system can only be obtained by exercising more restraint in fishing during a transitional period;
§ la ayuda financiera prevista en el Fondo Europeo de la Pesca (FEP) contribuirá a mitigar las repercusiones socioeconómicas de estas restricciones.
§ the financial assistance foreseen under the European Fisheries Fund (EFF) will help to mitigate the social and economic repercussions of such restraint.
Los principales beneficios que, según la Comisión, se obtendrán de este nuevo modelo de gestión son:
The main benefits that, according to the Commission, will be obtained through this new management model are:
§ inversión de la situación actual de descenso de las poblaciones, permitiendo además la constitución de poblaciones mayores y aumentando las garantías de mayores ingresos para los pescadores;
§ the reversal of the current decline in stocks, whilst also allowing the development of larger stocks and improving the guarantees as regards higher income for fishermen;
§ reduccion de los descartes debido a la reducción de la mortalidad por pesca.
§ a reduction in discards resulting from the reduction in fishing mortality.
Con el fin de conseguir mejoras sobre el modelo actual y con el objetivo de situar una población de peces a un determinado nivel para obtener una actividad extractiva sostenible y constante, la Comisión propone actuaciones como el establecimiento de una estrategia a largo plazo, la definición del nivel de capturas adecuado a cada especie basándose en los mejores dictámenes científicos, la reducción del esfuerzo y de las capturas y modificaciones en las medidas técnicas; todo ello con la participación del sector en el proceso y teniendo en cuenta las indudables repercusiones sociales, económicas y medioambientales.
In order to obtain improvements to the current model and with the aim of placing fish stocks at a particular level so that they can be harvested at a sustainable and steady rate, the Commission proposes measures such as establishing a long-term strategy, defining what level of catch is appropriate for each stock on the basis of the best scientific advice, reducing effort and catches and adjusting the technical measures, whilst ensuring that the industry is involved in the entire process and taking account of the undoubted social, economic and environmental repercussions.
Uno de los aspectos más importantes en la Comunicación, debido a sus repercusiones es el relativo a la gestión del ajuste del esfuerzo pesquero .
One of the key aspects of the communication, given its repercussions, concerns managing the adjustment in fishing effort .
La Comisión indica que existen dos soluciones: la reducción de la capacidad de pesca, la inversión y el empleo hasta los niveles estrictamente necesarios para pescar al nivel que permite obtener el RMS o el mantenimiento de los niveles de empleo actuales al precio de ineficiencias económicas, o lo que es lo mismo mantenimiento del tamaño de las flotas pero imponiendo limitaciones al número de días de pesca en el mar.
The Commission states that there are two solutions: reducing fishing capacity, investment and employment to no more than what is needed to fish at the MSY level or maintaining current levels of employment at the price of economic efficiencies , which would amount to maintaining the size of the fleet but imposing restrictions on the number of fishing days at sea.
La Comisión europea se inclina por la reducción de capacidad, lo que justifica con el simple argumento de que otras estrategias has generado rechazo social y problemas de aplicación.
The Commission inclines towards reducing capacity , which it justifies with the simple argument that other strategies have created problems of enforcement and of social acceptance.
Los primeros pasar a dar serán el establecimiento de planes para grupos de poblaciones que se capturen conjuntamente, en los que se establecerán los parámetros de esfuerzo de pesca (lo que permitiría TACs plurianuales), así como nuevas medidas técnicas cuando se consideren necesarias.
The first steps to be taken would be to establish plans for groups of fish stocks that are caught together, setting parameters for fishing effort (making multiannual TACs possible) and new technical measures where they are considered necessary.
Los planes se actualizarían cada cinco años.
The plans would be updated every five years.
La Comisión consultará a los Consejos Consultivos Regionales.
The Commission will consult the Regional Advisory Councils.
4.- Análisis crítico de la Comunicación de la Comisión
4.- Critical analysis of the Commission communication
Ante un desafío como el del cambio en el modelo de gestión pesquera comunitaria, la Comunicación de la Comisión es lamentablemente un tanto simplista , ya que ni explica con claridad la necesidad de este cambio de orientación ni detalla el tipo de modelo por el que se optará, ya que como hemos visto, el concepto de RMS ha evolucionado mucho, se ha aplicado de distintas formas y es objeto de distintas interpretaciones.
In the face of such a challenge as that posed by changing the model of Community fisheries management, it is regrettable that the Commission communication is somewhat simplistic , since it fails either to give a clear account of the need for this change of approach or to provide a detailed description of the type of model to be opted for, since, as we have seen, the concept of MSY has evolved considerably, has been applied in different ways and is subject to differing interpretations.
Además el modelo adolece de una serie problemas graves que no se analizan en la Comunicación pero que, lógicamente tienen que ver con el futuro éxito o fracaso de su aplicación.
Furthermore, the model poses a series of significant problems that are not analysed in the communication but will naturally have an influence on the future success or failure of the model's application.
La Comisión justifica la nueva propuesta en los compromisos asumidos por la UE en la Cumbre de Desarrollo Sostenible de Johanesburgo del año 1992 , a su vez basado en la Declaración de Río de Janeiro de 1982, que a su vez se basa en la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar.
The Commission justifies the new proposal on the basis of the commitments given by the EU at the 1992 Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development , commitments which were themselves based on the 1982 Rio de Janeiro Declaration, which was in turn based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Hay que subrayar que la Convención UNCLOS utiliza este concepto más como una orientación a seguir en la gestión pesquera que como un imperativo y esta interpretación del RMS está más próxima al de desarrollo sostenible que al restrictivo concepto del modelo matemático, ya que tiene en cuenta factores medioambientales y económicos así como la interrelación de los recursos.
It should be stressed that the UNCLOS Convention uses this concept more as a guideline to be followed in fisheries management than as an imperative, and this interpretation of the MSY is closer to the concept of sustainable development than the restrictive concept of the mathematical model, since it takes account of environmental and economic factors and the interrelationship between resources.
Por otra parte, el compromiso de Johanesburgo es un acuerdo de carácter político, pero no es vinculante jurídicamente.
Furthermore, the Johannesburg commitment is a political agreement but is not legally binding.
El modelo RMS más clásico, el formulado por Gordon-Schaeffer, característico de las décadas 60 y 70, es un modelo atractivo porque requiere un número muy limitado de datos, los datos de captura y esfuerzo pesquero y además se caracteriza por ser un modelo de una sola especie, pero justo por ello no resulta aplicable a pesquerías multiespecíficas, que son las mayoritarias en la UE.
The most classic MSY model, that drawn up by Gordon-Schaeffer, which is characteristic of the 1960s and 1970s, is an attractive model because it requires a very limited number of data, data on catches and on fishing effort, and it relates to a single species, but precisely for this reason it is not applicable to multi-species fisheries, which is mostly the case in the EU.
Por otro lado, el RMS es un modelo específico de producción, por tanto, la efectividad del RMS dependerá de su aproximación a la realidad .
Furthermore, MSY is a specific production model, and its effectiveness will therefore depend on how close it is to the actual situation .
Los principales argumentos que se utilizan en contra del RMS se basan principalmente en la falta de certeza respecto a los datos , porque no considera cualquier cambio sustancial en la estructura de la población que, si se producen, invalidan su utilización como punto de referencia, ya que al apartarse de los valores reales puede conducir a una situación de sobreexplotación del recurso.
The main arguments cited against MSY are chiefly based on the lack of certainty with regard to data , since it does not take account of any substantial change in the structure of the stock and, if such changes occur, they invalidate its use as a reference point, since the resulting deviation from the actual figures may lead to over-exploitation of the stock.
Por ello, algunos autores abogan por aplicar un límite de precaución también al RMS, equivalente a 2/3 del esfuerzo de pesca del cálculo fijado por el RMS.
Some authors therefore recommend also applying a precautionary limit to the MSY equivalent to two-thirds of the fishing effort based on the calculation set by the MSY.
Vemos pues como, partiendo de un esquema sencillo, una aplicación realista del modelo resulta en una complejidad cada vez mayor.
This illustrates how, starting from a simple idea, a realistic application of the model leads to increasing complexity.
De hecho, el cálculo del RMS es ya de por sí complicado, porque se basa en el conocimiento del crecimiento neto de la especie, es decir, la diferencia entre mortalidad y reproducción, muy difícil de establecer al no tener las poblaciones un comportamiento histórico constante y, cada vez menos, debido a los mayores impactos ambientales.
In fact, calculating the MSY is in itself a complex matter, since it is based on knowledge of the net increase in the species, i.e. the difference between mortality and reproduction, which is extremely difficult to establish since stocks do not show constant behaviour in the past and they are subject to greater environmental impacts.
Como demostró la Audición llevada a cabo en la Comisión de Pesca, la noción de RMS no es empírica sino teórica, y por tanto el debate se centra en la utilidad de usarlo o no como instrumento de gestión de recursos, especialmente de los que se encuentran en mala situación.
As shown by the hearing held in the Committee on Fisheries, the notion of MSY is not empirical but theoretical, which means that the debate focuses on whether or not it is desirable to use MSY as an instrument for resource management, particularly for resources that are in poor condition.
En estos casos, según UNCLOS, el objetivo primordial debe ser que su situación mejore y que se alejen del peligro de la sobreexplotación.
In these cases, according to UNCLOS, the key objective must be for their situation to improve and to remove them from the threat of over-exploitation.
La discusión, por tanto, debe centrarse en lograr un sistema de gestión que garantice esta recuperación, sin que ello conlleve ninguna obligación de utilizar un modelo matemático determinado.
The discussion must therefore focus on achieving a management system that guarantees this recovery without this entailing any obligation to use a particular mathematical model.
Otra critica esencial a este modelo, y que ya se ha apuntado, afecta especialmente a las aguas comunitarias es justamente que son modelos dirigidos a una sola especie y por tanto no se adaptan a las pesquerías multiespecíficas .
A further key criticism of this model that particularly affects Community waters, as has already been noted, is precisely the fact that such models are geared to a single species and are therefore not appropriate for multi-species fisheries .
En efecto, si un mismo modelo de RMS se aplica a varias especies el punto RMS de la especie principal puede conducir a una sobreexplotación de las demás.
In fact, if the same MSY model is applied to various species, the MSY point for the principal species may lead to the others being over-exploited.
Por tanto, en estos supuestos, el modelo tendría que establecerse en base al RMS de la especie que se encuentre en peor situación, lo que tendría como consecuencia elevados costes económicos y sociales al tener que reducirse la pesca de las otras especies sin que tengan por que encontrarse en mal estado biológico.
In such cases, the model would therefore have to be set on the basis of the MSY for the species that is in the worst state, which would lead to high economic and social costs since fishing for the other species would have to be reduced, even though they were not in a poor biological state.
Por tanto, para zonas como por ejemplo el Mediterráneo el modelo no sería la mejor solución, siendo quizás más interesante la adopción de un enfoque multiobjetivo, dirigido a optimizar teniendo en cuenta la preservación de los distintos recursos.
For areas such as the Mediterranean , the model would not be the best solution , and it might be more useful to adopt a multi-objective approach geared to optimisation whilst taking account of the preservation of the various resources.
El modelo tampoco se adapta bien a las especies pelágicas al ser un elemento esencial la situación de equilibrio de la población, algo por lo que no se caracteriza, en general, la dinámica de estas las poblaciones.
The model is also unsuitable for pelagic species since the balance in the stock is a key element, and this is not generally a feature of the dynamic of such stocks.
Por último, la propia Comisión reconoce que sería necesario establecer controles más rigurosos, tener mejores conocimientos científicos, mecanismos adecuados de compensación y una mayor participación del sector en el proceso de toma de decisiones, temas, todos ellos que deja abiertos, sin proponer ninguna alternativa para llevarlos a cabo y remitiéndose a que la implantación del RMS como modelo de gestión necesita aún muchos estudios y discusiones.
Finally, the Commission itself recognises that it would be necessary to establish stricter controls, have better scientific knowledge, adequate compensation mechanisms and greater industry involvement in the decision-making process, topics which are all left unresolved without any alternative being proposed with a view to meeting these requirements, and it is merely pointed out that introducing MSY as a management model still requires many studies and discussions.
Por otro lado, al resultar la aplicación del RMS en un modelo de gestión mucho más restrictivo que el actual deberían establecerse mecanismos de compensación al sector tras una evaluación del impacto socioeconómico, ya que la ponente entiende que con la financiación prevista para el actual periodo de programación 2007-2013 y los más que limitados fondos del FEP, será muy difícil contar con los mecanismos adecuados para afrontar las pérdidas, mecanismos que, una vez más, no pueden ceñirse solo al desguace debiendo poder las distintas flotas afectadas decidir en función de diferentes alternativas.
Furthermore, since applying MSY will lead to a much more restrictive management model than the current model, mechanisms should be created for compensating the industry following an assessment of the social and economic impact, since the rapporteur believes that, with the funding foreseen for the current programming period 2007-2013 and the more than limited EFF funding, it will be extremely difficult to ensure that suitable mechanisms are available to offset the losses, mechanisms which once again should not be confined to scrapping but should allow the various fleets affected to decide among various alternatives.
Прилагане на принципа за устойчивост на рибните запаси на Европейския съюз чрез максимален устойчив улов
Implementation of sustainable fishing in the EU on the basis of maximum sustainable yield
PECH 28.9.2006
PECH 28.9.0000
Carmen Fraga Estévez 27.9.2006
Carmen Fraga Estévez 27.9.2006
PE 388.724v02-00
PE 388.724v02-00
– като взе предвид предложението на Комисията към Европейския парламент и Съвета ( COM(2006)0912 )
– having regard to the Commission proposal to the European Parliament and the Council ( COM(2006)0912 )
– като взе предвид член 251, параграф 2 и членове 37, 95 и 152 от Договора за ЕО, съгласно които предложението му е представено от Комисията ( C6‑0027/2007 ),
– having regard to Article 251(2) and Articles 37, 95 and 152, pursuant to which the Commission submitted the proposal to Parliament ( C6‑0027/2007 ),
– като взе предвид доклада на комисията по околна среда, обществено здраве и безопасност на храните ( A6‑0299/2007 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety ( A6‑0299/2007 ),
Член 3, параграф 2 (Регламент (ЕО) № 1829/2003)
Article 3, paragraph 2 (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003)
При необходимост, мерките за определяне дали даден вид храна попада в обхвата на настоящия раздел , които са предназначени да изменят несъществени елементи на настоящия регламент като го допълват, се приемат в съответствие с процедурата на регулиране с контрол, посочена в член 35 , параграф 4.
Where necessary, measures to determine whether a type of food falls within the scope of this Section which are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 35(4) .
При необходимост, мерките за определяне дали даден вид храна попада в обхвата на настоящия раздел се приемат в съответствие с процедурата на регулиране с контрол, посочена в член 35, параграф 3, тъй като те са предназначени да изменят несъществени елементи на настоящия регламент като го допълват.
Where necessary, measures to determine whether a type of food falls within the scope of this Section shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 35(3) as they are designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it .
Член 5, параграф 7 (Регламент (ЕО) № 1829/2003)
Article 5, paragraph 7 (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003)
1а) В член 5, параграф 7 се заменя със следния текст:
(1a) In Article 5, paragraph 7 is replaced by the following:
Комисията, след консултация с Органа, утвърждава правила за прилагане на настоящия член, включително правила относно подготовката и представянето на заявлението .
The Commission, having first consulted the Authority, shall establish implementing rules for the application of this Article, including rules concerning the preparation and the presentation of the application.
Мерките, предназначени да изменят несъществени елементи на настоящия Регламент като го допълват, се приемат в съответствие с процедурата на регулиране с контрол, посочена в член 35, параграф 3.“
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 35(3)."
Член 7, параграф 3 (Регламент (EО) № 1829/2003)
Article 7, paragraph 3 (Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003)
1б) В член 7, параграф 3 се заменя със следния текст:
(1b) In Article 7, paragraph 3 is replaced by the following:
Окончателното решение относно заявлението се приема в съответствие с процедурата по регулиране с контрол, посочена в член 35, параграф 3, тъй като е предназначено да измени несъществени елементи на настоящия регламент като го допълва.“
A final decision on the application shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 35(3), as it is designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it."
The European Parliament should have the right of scrutiny for these decisions.
The European Parliament should have the right of scrutiny for these decisions.
ЧЛЕН 1, ТОЧКА 1 B (нова)
ARTICLE 1, POINT 1 C (new)
Член 8, параграф 8 (Регламент (ЕО) № 1829/2003)
Article 8, paragraph 8 (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003)
1в) В член 8, параграф 8 се заменя със следния текст:
(1c) In Article 8, paragraph 8 is replaced by the following:
Комисията приема подробни правила за прилагането на настоящия член.
The Commission shall adopt detailed rules for implementing this Article.
Мерките, предназначени да изменят несъществени елементи на настоящия регламент като го допълват, се приемат в съответствие с процедурата на регулиране с контрол, посочена в член 35, параграф 3.“
Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 35(3)."
ЧЛЕН 1, ТОЧКА1 Г (нова)
ARTICLE 1, POINT 1 D (new)
Член 11, параграф 5 (Регламент (ЕО) № 1829/2003)
Article 11, paragraph 5 (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003)
1г) В член 11, параграф 5 се заменя със следния текст:
(1d) In Article 11, paragraph 5 is replaced by the following:
Комисията, след консултация с Органа, може да утвърди правила за прилагане на настоящия член, включително правила относно подготовката и представянето на заявлението.
The Commission, having first consulted the Authority, may establish implementing rules for the application of this Article, including rules concerning the preparation and the presentation of the application.
Член 12, параграф 4 (Регламент (ЕО) № 1829/2003)
Article 12, paragraph 4 (Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003)