nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: foreword Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Morphologically fore- + word. Calque of German Vorwort, itself a calque of Latin praefatio (“preface”). Cognate with German Low German Vörwoord (“foreword”), Dutch voorwoord (“foreword”), West Frisian foarwurd (“foreword”), Danish forord (“preface; proviso”), Swedish förord (“foreword”). Compare also Old English forword, foreword (“proviso; condition”). Pronunciation: /ˈfɔːwɜːd/, /ˈfɔɹwɝd/, /ˈfɔɹwɚd/ 1. An introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; especially, one written by another person (not the author of the work thus introduced). Example: He closes the foreword by acknowledging that his proposals would have far-reaching impacts on railway staff, communities and industry - and passes the buck onto government to ensure that these consequences are managed appropriately.
Word: fin-de-siècle Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative form of fin de siècle. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: fin de siècle Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from French fin-de-siècle (literally “end of the century”). Pronunciation: /ˌfæn də siˈɛklə/, /-siˈɛkəl/, /-ˈsjɛklə/, /-ˈsjɛkəl/ 1. Pertaining to the close of the 19th century, usually suggesting a literary and artistic climate of modernism, world-weariness, and self-indulgence. Labels: not-comparable Example: The fin-de-siècle phenomenon has, of course, received considerable attention from historians in the recent past—a testament to its appeal. […] They also tend to concentrate on individual as well as social alienation as particularly characteristic of the fin-de-siècle feeling. 2. Pertaining to the close of the 20th (or any other) century. Labels: broadly, not-comparable Example: And, Dag, have you ever noticed that your bungalow looks more like it belongs to a pair of Eisenhower era Allentown, Pennsylvania newlyweds than it does to a fin de siècle existentialist poseur?
Word: fin de siècle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French fin-de-siècle (literally “end of the century”). Pronunciation: /ˌfæn də siˈɛklə/, /-siˈɛkəl/, /-ˈsjɛklə/, /-ˈsjɛkəl/ 1. The closing era of any century; (loosely) the end of any era. Example: From these conversations, most of which took place on the condition of anonymity to speak freely, a picture emerged in which America's closest allies are looking on with a kind of stunned incomprehension, unsure of what will happen, what it means, and what they should do, largely bound together with angst and a shared sense, as one influential adviser told me, that America and the West are approaching something of a fin de siècle.
Word: fin de siecle Part of Speech: adj Etymology: One of many instances of the tendency in English not to bother using the original diacritics on loanwords; other examples include cafe, naivete, resume, and deja vu. Further encouraged by the fact that keyboard layouts used by English speakers require extra keystrokes to produce diacritics. 1. Alternative spelling of fin de siècle. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: raveling Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of ravel Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: raveling Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of ravelling. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: carrageenan Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From carrageen + -an, an alternative form of -in. Pronunciation: /ˌkɛɹəˈɡinən/, /ˌkæɹəˈɡiːnən/ 1. A food additive made from a purified extract of red seaweed, commonly used as a thickening agent. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: purified Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjɝɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjʊəɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjɔːɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/ 1. Made or rendered pure or more pure. Example: He will only drink purified water.
Word: purified Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjɝɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjʊəɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/, /ˈpjɔːɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/ 1. simple past and past participle of purify Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: calves Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /kævz/, /kɑːvz/ 1. plural of calf Labels: form-of, plural
Word: calves Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /kævz/, /kɑːvz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of calve Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: head in the clouds Part of Speech: phrase 1. Used to indicate that a person is distracted or disconnected from the present situation or reality in general. Labels: figuratively, usually 2. Used to indicate that a person has fantastic or impractical dreams. Labels: figuratively, usually Example: "Wife, I've a grave suspicion!" said Mahony, and took her by the chin. "While I've sat here with my head in the clouds, you've been worrying over ways and means, and over having such an unpractical old dreamer for a husband. Now, child, that won't do. I didn't marry to have my girl puzzling her little brains where her next day's dinner was to come from. Away with you, to your stitching! Things will be all right, trust to me." Example: She was also one of the few girls without her head in the clouds.
Word: pup Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of puppy. Pronunciation: /pʌp/ 1. A young dog, wolf, fox, seal, bat or shark, or the young of certain other animals. Example: The dog has had that bed since he was just a pup. 2. A young, inexperienced person. Example: The new teacher is a mere pup. 3. Any cute dog, regardless of age. Example: My pup likes to run as fast as he can, yet cannot always stop in time! 4. A short semi-trailer used jointly with a dolly and another semi-trailer to create a twin trailer. 5. A new plant growing from a shoot that can be used for propagation. 6. A kind of small spotlight. Example: For a scene like the Highgate exhumation night sequence suitable equipment would consist of: two brutes on Molevators, three 10 K lights also on Molevators and, for good measure, two 5 Ks, four 2 Ks, two pups (1000 W), two North lights […] Example: Spots were also used for the foreground, usually the smaller type like a “pup,” which could be repositioned quickly for different setups. 7. An early edition of a periodical publication, intended for distribution to distant locations. Labels: US 8. Someone who participates in pup play (the sexual practice of role-playing as a young dog). Labels: slang Example: It could be any dude, as long as you really want to fuck him. It could be a... a twink, a bear, an otter, a circuit queen, a chub, a pup, a gipster, a daddy chaser, a leatherman, a ladyboy, a Donald Duck. Donald Duck's a gay guy who's been kicked out of the Navy. Example: Mentorship, I learned from the Fog City pups, plays a huge role in their family business, where the pack hierarchy comes into play. 9. A small tributary or feeder stream in the US state of Alaska. Example: [...] stream gravels of Bear Pup are auriferous for a distance of at least 2 miles above its mouth. Example: At last we reached the head of Young creek, and following a "pup" stream we worked out way over a third divide and down into the great Chitina valley.
Word: pup Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Clipping of puppy. Pronunciation: /pʌp/ 1. To give birth to pups. Labels: intransitive
Word: Saharawi Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: Saharawi Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Sahroui Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: Sahroui Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Saharoui Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: Saharoui Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of Sahrawi. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: shit-eating grin Part of Speech: noun 1. A broad smile indicating self-awareness that may suggest self-satisfaction, smugness, discomfort, or embarrassment. Labels: idiomatic, vulgar Example: Near-synonym: smirk Example: He was at the wheel of his brand-new 1965 GTO, top down, wearing a super-sized shit-eating grin on his face. ￼
Word: dusty Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English dusty, dusti, from Old English dūstiġ, dystiġ, dȳstiġ (“dusty”), equivalent to dust + -y. Cognate with Dutch donzig (“cottony, downy, woolly”), German dunstig (“hazy, misty”). Pronunciation: /ˈdʌsti/ 1. Covered with dust. Example: a dusty carpet Example: On a cold morning in Abilene, Texas, a column of 18-wheelers crawls down bumpy, waterlogged roads, past cattle grazing on dusty shrubs. 2. Powdery and resembling dust. 3. Grey or greyish. Example: a dusty peach color 4. Old; outdated; stuffily traditional. Labels: figuratively Example: The very smart practitioners of my acquaintance do not rest their right hand on old dusty knowledge, but bend and move along a ground of being in which they are perpetually on the lookout for what is trusty and true, new and old. 5. Ugly, disgusting (a general term of abuse). Labels: slang 6. Ugly, unwell, inadequate, bad. Labels: UK, slang Example: ...the toilet-glass on the table...had probably reflected few such faces as that of the lady calling herself Mrs. Lloyd, who looked attentively into it when she found herself alone and decided that she was not so very dusty, considering Example: One morning, I said to a patient: "How are you today, Mrs. White?" And she replied "Not so dusty - quite well brushed."
Word: courts Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /kɔɹts/, /kɔːts/, /ko(ː)ɹts/, /koəts/ 1. plural of court Labels: form-of, plural
Word: courts Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /kɔɹts/, /kɔːts/, /ko(ː)ɹts/, /koəts/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of court Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: labourer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English labour Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English labourer From labour + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈleɪ.bə.ɹə/ 1. UK standard spelling of laborer. Example: This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer. Example: By the mid-19th century, the typical village was sharply divided between the landowning class and the landless, voteless and largely illiterate labourers.
Word: interment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English enterement, interment, from Old French enterrement. By surface analysis, inter + -ment. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtɝmənt/, /ɪnˈtɜːmənt/ 1. The act of burying a dead body; burial. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In a chamber tomb at Milatos, Mr. Evans discovered in 1899 a painted larnax or sarcophagus, on which there is figured a great Mycenæan body shield, although not of the usual figure-of-eight shape. A false neck vase, however, that belongs almost certainly to the same interment is, in shape and design, similar to one found at Muliana in company with two late bronze broadswords, and bronze brooches like those found at Thunder Hill. Example: She was to be given a state funeral, followed by interment at Arlington National Cemetery.
Word: bissextile Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin bisextilis/bissextilis (annus) (“bissextile year”), from bisextus + -ilis, from bis- (“two; twice; doubled”) + sextus (“sixth”) + dies (“day”), from the Julian calendar's original reckoning of its quadrennial intercalary day as a 48-hour February 24, subsequently distinguished as the two separate days of the sixth day before the March calends (ante diem sextum Kalendas Martias) and the "doubled sixth day". (February 24 is now normally understood as five days before the first of March, but was called the sixth by the Romans owing to their inclusive counting of dates. See Roman calendar on Wikipedia.) Pronunciation: /bɪˈsɛkstɪl/, /bɪˈsɛks.taɪəl/, /bɑɪˈsɛks.tɑɪl/, /bɑɪˈsɛks.təl/, /bɪˈsɛks.təl/ 1. Having an intercalary day, particularly the quadrennial leap day of the Julian and Gregorian calendars traditionally placed as a "second sixth" day before March 1st. Labels: not-comparable Example: The additional day which occurred every fourth year [after the Julian Reform] was given to February, as being the shortest month, and was inserted in the calendar between the 24th and 25th day. February having then twenty-nine days, the 25th was the 6th of the calends of March, sexto calendas; the preceding, which was the additional or intercalary day, was called bis-sexto calendas,—hence the term bissextile, which is still employed to distinguish the year of 366 days. The English denomination of leap-year would have been more appropriate if that year had differed from common years in defect, and contained only 364 days. In the ecclesiastical calendar the intercalary day is still placed between the 24th and 25th of February; in the civil calendar it is the 29th.
Word: bissextile Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin bisextilis/bissextilis (annus) (“bissextile year”), from bisextus + -ilis, from bis- (“two; twice; doubled”) + sextus (“sixth”) + dies (“day”), from the Julian calendar's original reckoning of its quadrennial intercalary day as a 48-hour February 24, subsequently distinguished as the two separate days of the sixth day before the March calends (ante diem sextum Kalendas Martias) and the "doubled sixth day". (February 24 is now normally understood as five days before the first of March, but was called the sixth by the Romans owing to their inclusive counting of dates. See Roman calendar on Wikipedia.) Pronunciation: /bɪˈsɛkstɪl/, /bɪˈsɛks.taɪəl/, /bɑɪˈsɛks.tɑɪl/, /bɑɪˈsɛks.təl/, /bɪˈsɛks.təl/ 1. Synonym of leap year: a year with an intercalary day.
Word: bissextile month Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From bissextile + month. 1. A month with an extra day in a leap year.
Word: intercalary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin intercalārius, from intercalāris, from intercalō, from inter (“among”) + calō (“call out, proclaim”). Pronunciation: /ˌɪnt.ɚˈkæl.ɚ.i/, /ɪnˈtɝː.kə.lɛɹ.i/ 1. Describing a time period inserted between others; leap, (as in leap day, leap month, or leap year) Labels: not-comparable 2. Inserted between other things Labels: broadly, not-comparable Example: Breaks caused by chromosome aberrations in regions with repeats may not result in a sharp decline of viability, so that break points of chromosome rearrangements in intercalary heterochromatin may be more frequent than in other regions. Example: In this new model, the anterior and posterior blastemas were formed as signaling centers to direct intercalary reorganization of body regionality or positional information. 3. Inserted between other things Labels: broadly, not-comparable 4. Inserted between other things Labels: broadly, not-comparable Example: ...two radial cells, second longer than first; intercalary fork fairly distinct; crossvein r-m vertical...
Word: intercalary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin intercalārius, from intercalāris, from intercalō, from inter (“among”) + calō (“call out, proclaim”). Pronunciation: /ˌɪnt.ɚˈkæl.ɚ.i/, /ɪnˈtɝː.kə.lɛɹ.i/ 1. Such a time period
Word: blacklist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From black + list. Pronunciation: /ˈblæklɪst/ 1. A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned, disallowed or blocked. Example: The software included a lengthy blacklist of disreputable websites to block.
Word: blacklist Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From black + list. Pronunciation: /ˈblæklɪst/ 1. To place on a blacklist; to mark a person or entity as one to be shunned or banned. Labels: transitive Example: You can blacklist known spammers with that button. Example: As the world's drug habit shows, governments are failing in their quest to monitor every London window-box and Andean hillside for banned plants. But even that Sisyphean task looks easy next to the fight against synthetic drugs. No sooner has a drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one.
Word: shunned Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ʃʌnd/ 1. simple past and past participle of shun Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: whitelist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From white + list. 1. A list or collection of people or entities that are known, trusted, or explicitly permitted.
Word: whitelist Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From white + list. 1. To place on a whitelist; to mark or note a person or entity as trustworthy or acceptable. Labels: transitive Example: The email program allows you to whitelist email from known sources.
Word: meristem Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Meristem, from Ancient Greek μεριστός (meristós, “divided”), from μερίζω (merízō), from μέρος (méros) + στέμμα (stémma, “wreath, garland”). First used in 1858 by Swiss botanist Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891). 1. The plant tissue composed of totipotent cells that allows plant growth. Example: By looking back at a past populated by beings of grotesque difference, humans could place themselves at the apical meristem—the growing tip—of the future.
Word: earmark Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is derived from ear + mark. The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈɪəmɑːk/, /ˈɪ(ə)ɹˌmɑɹk/ 1. A mark made or tag attached to the ear of an animal (chiefly a livestock animal), generally to identify or indicate something about the animal, such as ownership, health or gestation status, etc. Example: Some mark them [sheep] vvith Raddle and make Ear-marks. 2. A distinguishing or identifying mark or sign; specifically (archaic), a mark of ownership. Labels: figuratively Example: [H]e ſhoulde be dyſcryued by hys rounding and his eare marke: […] Example: Mr. Bayes, many as proper a man as your ſelf march'd up Holborn for diſtinguiſhing betvvixt the VVealth and the Fanatick: and moreover let me tell you, Fanatick Money hath no Ear-mark. 3. An act of designating certain funds to be used for a specific purpose. Labels: figuratively 4. Specifically, a designation by the Congress that certain federal funds be appropriated for a specific project. Labels: US, figuratively
Word: earmark Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is derived from ear + mark. The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈɪəmɑːk/, /ˈɪ(ə)ɹˌmɑɹk/ 1. To make a mark or attach a tag to the ear of (an animal, chiefly a livestock animal), generally to identify or indicate something about the animal, such as ownership. Labels: transitive 2. To put a distinguishing or identifying mark or sign on (something); to make (something) distinctive or identifiable. Labels: figuratively, transitive 3. To designate or set aside (someone or something) for a particular purpose; to allocate. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: In barely a decade, the War on Drugs went from being a political slogan to an actual war. Now that police departments were suddenly flush with cash and military equipment earmarked for the drug war, they needed to make use of their new resources. Example: But even I draw the line at "doing crunches" in designer clothes. Fashion sneakers are for swanking around the shops, not for running in. And so, like everyone else, I wear grotty old tracksuits earmarked for Oxfam, and tragic free festival T-shirts that give away my age. 4. Chiefly followed by for: to designate (certain funds) to be used for a specific purpose. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: You can donate to the organization as a whole, or you can earmark your contribution for a particular project. Example: A widening of the M4 had long been mooted, and the Welsh Government had even earmarked most of the required £1.6bn funding for a new 14-mile, six-lane section around Newport. Then, in the face of opposition from environmentalists, came a realisation that similar road schemes across the world tend merely to encourage greater car use and therefore soon prove ineffective in solving the original problem. 5. Chiefly followed by for: to designate (certain funds) to be used for a specific purpose. Labels: UK, figuratively, transitive 6. Chiefly followed by for: to designate (certain funds) to be used for a specific purpose. Labels: US, figuratively, transitive
Word: C19 Part of Speech: noun 1. The nineteenth century; the 1800s. 2. COVID-19. Example: C19 food supply disruptions […] C19 travel restrictions Example: They are averaging less than 10 deaths with (not from) C19 a day […] 3. Describing a grouping of stars in the Milky Way galaxy halo that are 2,500 times lower than the sun.
Word: water under the bridge Part of Speech: noun 1. Something in the past that cannot be controlled or undone, but must be accepted, forgiven, or forgotten. Labels: idiomatic, uncountable Example: They agreed that their old disputes were water under the bridge and decided to make a fresh start. Example: Ilsa: It's been a long time. Sam: Yes, ma'am. A lot of water under the bridge.
Word: down-to-earth Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˌdaʊn.ɾəˈɚθ/ 1. Practical; realistic; pragmatic. Labels: idiomatic Example: He had a down-to-earth attitude that translated into a straightforward, but effective strategy. 2. Ordinary; normal; run-of-the-mill. Labels: idiomatic Example: "I'm sorry, but I'm not going to devote any of tonight's news to evil monkey shenanigans unless you can find something more down to earth to focus your report on." Example: Relatable is to TikTok what aspirational was to Instagram—its most salient, sought-after quality. It signals a down-to-earth, democratic appeal.
Word: kid gloves Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of kid glove Labels: form-of, plural
Word: apical Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From apic- + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈæpɪkəl/, /ˈeɪpɪkəl/ 1. Of or connected with the apex. Labels: not-comparable 2. Of a meristem, situated at the growing tip of the plant or its roots, in comparison with intercalary growth situated between zones of permanent tissue. Labels: not-comparable 3. Of a sound, produced with the tip of the tongue. Labels: not-comparable
Word: apical Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From apic- + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈæpɪkəl/, /ˈeɪpɪkəl/ 1. A sound produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue.
Word: foos Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of foo Labels: form-of, plural
Word: intercalation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin intercalō, from inter (“among”) + calō (“call out, proclaim”). 1. A period inserted into a calendar as in a leap year. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The reversible insertion of a molecule between two others. Labels: countable, physical, uncountable 3. A layer introduced into a pre-existing sequence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Their exact relationship to the host-rock is obscure but from their texture and observed metamorphic relationship they are thought to be intrusive dykes rather than intercalations of more basic lava.
Word: kalends Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of calends. Labels: alt-of, alternative, plural, plural-only Example: My book with Professor [John Ronald Reuel] Tolkien – any book in collaboration with that great but dilatory and unmethodical man – is dated, I fear, to appear on the Greek Kalends! Example: The interesting thing about these ceremonies is that they must have originated in a period when the Romans were using true lunar months based on the observation of the crescent moon. The Kalends then would have been the day after the evening on which the crescent had been first sighted, the Nones would have been the first day when the moon was at the first quarter [...] In the calendar of the late Republic the lunar months have disappeared and the days have been fixed into a rigid pattern.
Word: untried Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- English tried English untried From un- + tried. 1. Not yet tried or tested; unknown. Labels: not-comparable Example: The new guy was inexperienced and untried. Example: With financial losses emerging in 1957, the BTC abandoned the diesel pilot scheme in favour of wholesale orders for untried designs. 2. Not put on trial; not taken before a legal court. Labels: not-comparable
Word: tested Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈtɛstɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of test Labels: form-of, participle, past Example: They tested the water for contaminants.
Word: th' Part of Speech: article Pronunciation: /ð/, /ðə/ 1. Contraction of the. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, archaic, colloquial, contraction, poetic Example: And well beſeemes all knights of noble name, / That couett in th’immortall booke of fame / To be eternized, […] Example: Maſt. Good: Speake to th’Mariners: fall too’t, yarely, or we run our ſelues a ground, beſtirre, beſtirre.
Word: th' Part of Speech: pron Pronunciation: /ð/, /ðə/ 1. Contraction of thou. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, archaic, contraction Example: 1. Th’art kinde. 2. Contraction of there. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, colloquial, contraction Example: She crossed her hand an’ turned her face up like a bird does, only th’ ain’t no birds what can sing like she did; seemed like she was n’t a‐doin’ of it at all,—voice came out of itself, like ’s if ’t was just a waitin’ for a change to git out.
Word: Dusty Part of Speech: name Etymology: Derived from Dustin. 1. A diminutive of the male given name Dustin.
Word: Dusty Part of Speech: name Etymology: Derived from dusty, from the tendency of persons engaged in the milling of flour to become covered with flour dust. 1. a nickname for someone with the surname Miller Labels: UK
Word: pup tent Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Compound of pup (“puppy, small dog”) + tent, from dog tent, military slang for a shelter tent. Attested from the late 19th century. 1. A shelter tent. 2. A shelter half, one of two halves comprising a shelter tent or dog tent. Labels: US, historical Example: Colonel Elbridge Colby in Army Talk tells us that the shelter-half, or “pup tent” made its debut during the Civil War. It seems to have been first christened “pup tent” by the Sixth Iowa Infantry at Memphis in 1862 and appears to stem etymologically from the same soldierly self-ridicule that resulted in such terms as “dogface” and “dog tags.”
Word: shelter tent Part of Speech: noun 1. a small wedge-shaped tent made by folding two waterproof sheets of material together
Word: liana Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French liane (see that entry for more), influenced by lien (“link, bond”). Pronunciation: /liːˈɑːnə/ 1. A climbing woody vine, usually tropical. Example: Many of the older trees presented a very curious appearance from the tresses of a liana hanging from their boughs, and resembling bundles of hay. Example: 1884, Achilles Daunt, Frank Redcliffe: A story of travel and adventure in the forests of Venezuela (A Book for Boys), London: T. Nelson & Sons, Chapter 5, p. 99, Flowering lianas hung in long streaming lines from the outstretched boughs and dipped their pendulous bouquets in the water of the igarape, which reflected the cloudless blue of the sky.
Word: Liana Part of Speech: name 1. A female given name from Latin, derived from Juliana or Eliana
Word: quarta Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Portuguese quarta, from Latin quartus (“fourth”), q.v., in reference to the units making up one-fourth of the alqueire (“Portuguese bushel”) or arrantel (“Portuguese pound”). Doublet of quart, quater, and cuaderon. 1. A traditional Portuguese unit of dry measure, equal to 3.2–4.8 L in different 19th-century contexts. Labels: historical 2. A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 115 g. Labels: historical
Word: Burns night Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the name of Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns (1759–1796) + night. Pronunciation: /ˈbɜːns naɪt/, /ˈbɝns naɪt/ 1. An event held on or around the evening of 25th January in celebration of the Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns (born on that day in 1759), usually involving Scottish foods and recitals of his poetry. Example: The Upholsterers and females in the employment of Messrs. J. Allan & Sons, met on the Burns' night to tea and supper in Mrs. Sheriff's Hotel, […] Example: With those hectic ‘Burns’ Nights’ when the emphasis, like their own, falls on food and drink and the absence of all things unpleasant—on the absence, in particular, of any hard thinking—they go well enough.
Word: going rate Part of Speech: noun 1. The current standard or usual price, rate, or salary for something. Labels: idiomatic, informal Example: He did a terrible job, and then charged more than twice the going rate for it!
Word: laterite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin later (“brick”) + -ite. Pronunciation: /ˈlatəɹʌɪt/ 1. A red hard or gravel-like soil or subsoil formed in the tropics that has been leached of soluble minerals leaving insoluble iron and aluminium oxides and hydroxides; used to make bricks and roads. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Although the track is ballasted, it does not prevent clouds of reddish dust from the laterite soil blowing about when the train is in motion; after a journey with the windows open a bath is a necessity! Example: Constant tropical rain makes a mush of hard old lavas. The end product is a brick red soil called laterite.
Word: seignior Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English senyour, from Old French seignor, seignior, from Latin senior, seniōrem. Doublet of seigneur, senhor, senior, señor, senyor, signore, sir, and sire. Pronunciation: /ˈseɪnjə/, /ˈsiːnjɚ/ 1. A feudal lord; a nobleman who held his lands by feudal grant; any lord (holder) of a manor. Labels: historical Example: Louis XIV’s minions tried to bend New France’s increasingly aboriginal society to his will. […] In the St. Lawrence Valley almost all arable land not reserved for the Church was divided among well-born gentlemen to enable them to become landed aristocrats, or seigniors. 2. A title of respect, formerly corresponding (especially in France) approximately to Sir.
Word: chaverim Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of chaver Labels: form-of, plural
Word: doublet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English doublet, a borrowing from Old French doublet, from double, duble, doble + -et. Equivalent to double + -et (diminutive suffix) Pronunciation: /ˈdʌblət/ 1. A pair of two similar or equal things; couple. 2. One of two or more different words in a language derived from the same etymological root but having different phonological forms (e.g., toucher and toquer in French or shade and shadow in English). See also Appendix:Glossary#doublet. 3. In textual criticism, two different narrative accounts of the same actual event. 4. An imitation gem made of two pieces of glass or crystal with a layer of color between them. 5. A word or phrase set a second time by mistake. Labels: US 6. A quantum state of a system with a spin of ½, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, −½ and +½. 7. A word (or rather, a halfword) consisting of two bytes. 8. A very small flowering plant, Dimeresia howellii. 9. A word ladder puzzle. 10. An arrangement of two lenses for a microscope, designed to correct spherical aberration and chromatic dispersion, thus rendering the image of an object more clear and distinct. Example: The doublet generally used is that invented by Dr. Wollaston, and consists of two plano-convex lenses placed with their convex sides towards the eye […] 11. Either of two dice, each of which, when thrown, has the same number of spots on the face lying uppermost. Example: to throw doublets 12. A game somewhat like backgammon. Labels: obsolete, uncountable 13. Dipole antenna. 14. A man’s waistcoat. Labels: historical Example: I must comfort the weaker vessel, as doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat […] Example: Expression is the dress of thought, and still Appears more decent, as more suitable; A vile conceit in pompous words express'd, Is like a clown in regal purple dress'd: […] These sparks with awkward vanity display What the fine gentleman wore yesterday; And but so mimic ancient wits at best, As apes our grandsires, in their doublets drest.
Word: doublet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian giubbetta, from giubba, from Arabic جبة (“to en-wrap”). Pronunciation: /ˈdʌblət/ 1. A man’s close-fitting jacket, with or without sleeves, worn by European men from the 1400s to the 1600s. Example: Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced […] Example: He was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance; he wore a laced doublet, broad belt and hanger, high-crowned hat and feather, red stockings, and high-heeled shoes, with roses in them.
Word: Chaverim Part of Speech: name 1. Any of many secular Jewish organizations.
Word: mesquite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish mezquite, mizquite, from Nahuatl mizquitl (“the mesquite tree”). Pronunciation: /mɛsˈkiːt/, /ˈmɛskiːt/ 1. Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Prosopis found in America, and used as forage, which have long, beige seed and bean pods which may be dried and ground into a sweet, nutty flour. Example: Between these canyons the river has a low but rather narrow flood plain, with cottonwood groves scattered here and there, and a chaparral of mesquite bearing beans and thorns. Example: […] and no botanist could for a moment fail to recognize this fact, especially as just beyond its banks there is growing on every hand the mesquite, the everywhere-present species of the Lower Sonoran zone. 2. The wood of these trees, used for smoking food, or charcoal made from this wood. 3. Country or land dominated by mesquite trees. Example: Tucson is situated in beautiful mesquite riverbed country, overlooked by the snowy Catalina range. Example: Southward and in the very center of the plain is La Mesa, hidden in the mesquite and with splendid, typically dug, wells.
Word: Mesquite Part of Speech: name 1. An unincorporated community in Imperial County, California. 2. A city in Clark County, Nevada. 3. A census-designated place in New Mexico. 4. A city in Dallas County and Kaufman County, Texas; a suburb of Dallas. 5. A ghost town in Borden County, Texas.
Word: smear campaign Part of Speech: noun 1. An effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda. Labels: idiomatic Example: His opponent said it was all a smear campaign to make him look bad in the eyes of the voters.
Word: butte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: PIE word *bʰudʰmḗn Borrowed from French butte (“mound”). Related to butt via a West Germanic cognate. Pronunciation: /ˈbjuːt/, /ˈbʌt/ 1. An isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top. Labels: US Example: Those multitoned buttes and mesas [of the Grand Canyon], and that incandescent sequence of colorful bands that make one of the natural wonders of the world so grand, can also be found over 100 million miles away [on Mars].
Word: Butte Part of Speech: name Etymology: Perhaps a variant spelling of Butt. 1. A surname. Labels: countable 2. A placename Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A placename Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A placename Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A placename Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: bestowment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English bestow Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English bestowment From bestow + -ment. 1. The act of bestowing or conferring something, especially an honour; bestowal Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Something, such as an honour, that is bestowed. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: hackberry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A variant of hagberry. Pronunciation: /ˈhækˌbɛ˞.ɹi/ 1. Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Celtis, widespread over the Northern Hemisphere, having small fruit. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Fruit of these plants. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The wood of these plants. Labels: uncountable 4. A bird cherry, any of species Prunus padus of cherry trees, of Eurasia, or its berry. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: infusoria Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of infusorium Labels: form-of, plural
Word: infusorial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English infusoria Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English infusorial From infusoria + -al. 1. of, relating to, or containing infusoria
Word: infusorian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From infusoria + -an. 1. any member of the infusoria
Word: senshuraku Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 千秋楽 (senshūraku, literally “music of a thousand autumns”). 1. The last day of a fifteen-day tournament, always on a Sunday.
Word: shihon-bashira Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Japanese 四本柱 (shi-hon-bashira, literally “four pillars”). 1. The four pillars that support the tsuriyane over the sumo ring; in modern practice removed for better television coverage.
Word: Carling Sunday Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the carling peas traditionally eaten on the day, themselves named for Care Sunday. 1. Synonym of Passion Sunday: the fifth Sunday in Lent. Labels: UK, dated, dialectal
Word: Care Sunday Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old English caru (“care”) in its sense of “sorrow, trouble, suffering,” used as a calque of Latin passio (“passion”) in its sense of “suffering”, in reference to the Passion of Christ preceding and during Jesus's crucifixion. 1. Synonym of Passion Sunday: the fifth Sunday in Lent. Labels: archaic, uncommon
Word: sulf- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Shortening of sulfur. 1. Alternative form of sulfo-; used before a vowel. Labels: alt-of, alternative, morpheme
Word: sulph- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Shortening of sulphur. 1. Alternative spelling of sulf-. Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, morpheme
Word: sulpho- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree English sulphur Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English sulpho- Shortening of sulphur. 1. Alternative spelling of sulfo-. Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, morpheme
Word: sulfo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Latin sulpur Latin sulfur Latin sulphur Anglo-Norman sulfrebor. Middle English sulphur English sulfur Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English sulfo- From sulfur + -o-. 1. sulfur Labels: morpheme 2. sulfonic acid Labels: morpheme
Word: halva Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Yiddish חלווה (khálva), from Romanian halva, from Ottoman Turkish حلوا (helva), from Persian حلوا (halvâ), from Arabic حَلْوَى (ḥalwā). Cognate with Halwai. Pronunciation: /hɑːlˈvɑː/, /ˈhɑːlvɑː/, /ˈxɑːlvə/ 1. A confection usually made from crushed sesame seeds and honey. It is a traditional dessert in South Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Just before Christmas, Ron Dermer, Israel’s ambassador to the United States, sent the White House a box of holiday gifts with a pointed political message. Inside were items (body lotion, halvah, olive oil) produced in Jewish settlements in the West Bank.
Word: halwa Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of halva. Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable
Word: Judica Sunday Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Latin Judica (“Judge!”), from the first word of the introit of the day's mass, traditionally a Latin translation of Psalm 43. 1. Synonym of Passion Sunday: the fifth Sunday in Lent. Example: Thus in 1647, I in all humility accepted this removal, and preached my trial sermon on Judica Sunday, in the presence of the parishioners and commissaries. Example: The diet at Nuremberg was to be held on Invocavit Sunday, 2nd March, and that at the Emperor’s Court on Judica''' Sunday, 3Oth March.
Word: Passiontide Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Passion + -tide. 1. The period in the Christian calendar from Passion Sunday to Holy Saturday. Example: "The last two weeks of Lent form the season called Passiontide. During this time all crucifixes and sacred images are veiled in violet. In Masses of the season, the psalm Judica me is not said at the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar, and there is no Gloria Patri at the Introit or at the Lavabo".
Word: -tide Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: From Middle English -tide, -tyde, from Old English -tīd (in compounds), from tīd (“point or portion of time, due time, period, season; feast-day, canonical hour”); see tide. Pronunciation: /taɪd/ 1. Time, period (especially around an event or festival), season; often added to a festival name to indicate the period around that festival or a season beginning or ending with it. Labels: morpheme
Word: -tide Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: From peptide, glycopeptide. 1. Used to form names of peptides and glycopeptides. Labels: morpheme
Word: tyro Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin tyro, and from its etymon Latin tīrō (“beginner, novice; young apprentice; (Roman military) recruit”); further etymology unknown, possibly from an unattested Etruscan word. Pronunciation: /ˈtaɪɹəʊ/, /ˈtaɪəɹəʊ/, /ˈtaɪɹoʊ/ 1. A beginner; a novice. Example: I had propos'd to conclude this Inſtitution vvith a Catalogue (by vvay of Specimen) of both Antient Greek and Roman Medals, for the Eaſe and Benefit of Tyros, and ſuch as are not yet accuſtomed, and ſo ready to Decipher their Inſcriptions after the Method of Monſieur Baudelot [Charles César Baudelot de Dairval], […] Example: There ſtands a Structure on a riſing Hill, / VVhere Tyro's take their Freedom out to kill.
Word: upwards Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English upwardes, from Old English upweardes, equivalent to up + -wards. Cognate with Dutch opwaarts (“upwards”), German aufwärts (“upwards”). Pronunciation: /ˈʌpwədz/, /ˈʌpwɚdz/ 1. Towards a (higher) position closer to the sky than the ground. Labels: not-comparable Example: look upwards Example: push upwards 2. To a higher figure or amount. Labels: not-comparable Example: Prices are moving steadily upwards. 3. Towards something which is higher in order, larger, superior etc. Labels: not-comparable 4. Backwards in time, into the past. Labels: not-comparable 5. To or into later life. Labels: not-comparable
Word: saviour Part of Speech: noun 1. UK and Canada spelling of savior.
Word: midden Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English midding, myddyng, from Old Danish mykdyngja, (a compound of Old Norse myk, myki (“muck, manure”) and dyngja (“dung, dungpile”)), whence also Danish møgdynge and mødding, Norwegian mødding, dialectal Swedish mödding. Pronunciation: /ˈmɪdən/ 1. A dung heap. 2. A refuse heap usually near a dwelling. Example: Untouched by the decaying middens in which they live, they emerge into the sunshine immaculate and serene. The Burmese must be the best-dressed people in the world. Example: Strange rubbish, not the tins and paper and boxes and other containers you would expect in a town, but a finer kind of waste […] that made the middens look like grey-black mounds of sifted earth. 3. An accumulation, deposit, or soil derived from occupation debris, rubbish, or other by-products of human activity, such as bone, shell, ash, or decayed organic materials; or a pile or mound of such materials, often prehistoric. 4. A shelter made of vegetation and other materials by packrats. 5. An accumulation of dried urine and fecal deposits made by hyraxes.
Word: northward Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nér Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros Proto-Germanic *nurþraz Proto-West Germanic *norþr Old English norþ Middle English north English north Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Old English -weard English -ward English northward From north + -ward. Pronunciation: /ˈnɔɹθwɚd/, /ˈnɔːθwəd/ 1. The direction or area lying to the north of a place. Labels: uncountable
Word: northward Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nér Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros Proto-Germanic *nurþraz Proto-West Germanic *norþr Old English norþ Middle English north English north Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Old English -weard English -ward English northward From north + -ward. Pronunciation: /ˈnɔɹθwɚd/, /ˈnɔːθwəd/ 1. Situated or directed towards the north; moving or facing towards the north.
Word: northward Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nér Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros Proto-Germanic *nurþraz Proto-West Germanic *norþr Old English norþ Middle English north English north Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Old English -weard English -ward English northward From north + -ward. Pronunciation: /ˈnɔɹθwɚd/, /ˈnɔːθwəd/ 1. Towards the north; in a northerly direction. Example: When she came, I could see at a glance she was tired and jaded and worried, and so, instead of letting her fret about in the hotel and get into a wearing tangle of gossip, I packed her and two knapsacks up, and started off on a long, refreshing, easy-going walk northward, until a blister on her foot stranded us at the Magenruhe Hotel on the Sneejoch. Example: [T]he trees blew stedfastly one way, never writhing round, and scarcely tossing back their boughs once in an hour; so continuous was the strain bending their branchy heads northward— […]
Word: proudly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English proutly, proudliche, prudeliche, prudliche, prouteliche, from Old English prūtlīċe, equivalent to proud + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹaʊdli/ 1. In a proud manner. Example: And with domes and pinnacles the dreams arose and stood up proudly between the river and the sky, all shimmering white to the morning. Example: A word of warning: You might notice a few more unshaved upper lips proudly displayed by men in the next few weeks.
Word: extinction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From late Middle English, borrowed from Latin extinctio (“extinction, annihilation”), from extinguere, past participle extinctus (“to extinguish”); see extinguish. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ 1. The action of making or becoming extinct; annihilation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Thirteen long centuries have elapsed since the extinction of the last Zoroastrian Empire[…] Example: Their lives were short; all were condemned by the early 1930s, presumably because, like most classes of G.S.W.R. engines, their small numbers invited extinction under any comprehensive programme of standardisation. 2. The absorption or scattering of electromagnetic radiation emitted by astronomical objects by intervening dust and gas before it reaches the observer. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The inability to perceive multiple stimuli simultaneously. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The fading of a conditioned response over time if it is not reinforced. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: expendable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English expend Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English expendable From expend + -able. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspɛndəbəl/ 1. Able to be expended; not inexhaustible. Example: Oil and other expendable resources are frequently the subject of military disputes. 2. Designed for a single use; not reusable. Example: The anti-aircraft rocket is fired from an expendable launch platform. 3. Not essential or mandatory in order to achieve a goal. Example: The research department was deemed expendable, and its funding was not renewed. 4. Regarded as not worth preserving or saving; able to be sacrificed. Example: In the internecine rivalries of large corporations, whole departments may become expendable in the execution of one executive's power play. Example: He was expendable, like commodities past their use.
Word: expendable Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English expend Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English expendable From expend + -able. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspɛndəbəl/ 1. An expendable person or object; usually used in the plural. Example: Private Johnson was afraid the Lieutenant considered him an expendable, since he was always picked as point man.