nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: Hamiltonism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English Hamilton Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English Hamiltonism From Hamilton + -ism. 1. The economic policy attributed to Alexander Hamilton. Labels: uncountable Example: 1954, L. M. Hacker, “The Anticapitalist Bias of American Historians,” in Capitalism and the Historians, Friedrich A Hayek ed. http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN0226320723&id=Z80ZQbpaD8UC&pg=RA1-PA84&lpg=RA1-PA84&sig=gZMnjufIPytwIAUuEn2Nmf8z7TU Politically, to these leveling historians, Hamiltonism was evil; and by the same token a moral and not an economic judgment is passed on his extraordinary achievements. Example: As days passed and Chief Justice Lewis said nothing about it, Kent and his convert to Hamiltonism, Judge Smith Thompson, grew uneasy.
Word: CORE Part of Speech: noun 1. Acronym of corporate responsibility. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of
Word: CORE Part of Speech: name 1. Acronym of Congress of Racial Equality. Labels: US, abbreviation, acronym, alt-of Example: “I start heading back up to 125th and people are all buzzing, saying the police have beat up and arrested some CORE people.” 2. Acronym of Center for Operations Research and Econometrics Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of 3. Acronym of Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of 4. Acronym of Council on Rehabilitation Education. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of 5. Acronym of Computing Research and Education Association. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of
Word: halvans Part of Speech: noun 1. An impure or dirty ore.
Word: halurgist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “salt”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). 1. A salt worker. Labels: rare
Word: halurgy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From halo- + -urgy. 1. The act or practice of working with salt. Labels: uncountable
Word: haltingly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English halting Middle English -ly English -ly English haltingly From halting + -ly. 1. In a halting or limping manner; full of pauses or hesitation. Example: He spoke haltingly of his battle with cancer and its affect on his family. Example: I just learned how to read Korean this summer and am still new to the language, so I still read and pronounce the words haltingly when I try to read a sentence in Korean. I take over a minute, whereas one with an excellent command of the Korean language would take 12.5 seconds.
Word: togs Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of tog Labels: form-of, plural
Word: togs Part of Speech: noun 1. Clothes. Labels: UK, plural, plural-only, slang Example: 'Look at his togs, Fagin!' said Charley, putting the light so close to his new jacket as nearly to set him on fire. 'Look at his togs! Superfine cloth, and the heavy swell cut! Oh, my eye, what a game! And his books, too! Nothing but a gentleman, Fagin!' Example: And the costumes looked like workout togs. 2. Clothes for a specific occasion or use. Labels: plural, plural-only Example: gardening togs, swimming togs 3. Swimsuits, of either the women's or men's tight-fitting type (in some regions referred to as "speedos"). Labels: Ireland, New-Zealand, plural, plural-only
Word: togs Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of tog Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: droid Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of android (“robot designed to look and act like a human being”). Coined by the American science fiction author Mari Wolf (born 1926) in the story “Robots of the World! Arise!” (1952), and popularized by the film Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope, 1977): see the quotations. Pronunciation: /dɹɔɪ̯d/, /dɹoɪ̯d/, /ɖɾɔ(ː)jɖ/ 1. A robot, especially one made with some physical resemblance to a human (an android). Example: It's crazy. They're swarming all over Carron City. They're stopping robots in the streets—household Robs, commercial Droids, all of them. They just look at them, and then the others quit work and start off with them. Example: “These aren’t the ’droids you’re looking for,” [Obi-Wan] Kenobi told him pleasantly. 2. A person having the qualities of an android; one with few or no emotions or little personality, or who acts in an unthinking manner; a robot. Labels: US, derogatory Example: "Okay, Allie, I didn't want to have to do this, but if you insist on behaving like an astromech droid, you leave me no choice." Rory's an accountant and a Star Wars nerd.
Word: jobless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English job Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der. Proto-Germanic *leusaną Proto-Germanic *lausaz Proto-Germanic *-lausaz Proto-West Germanic *-laus Old English -lēas Middle English -les English -less English jobless From job + -less. 1. Lacking employment. Labels: not-comparable Example: a jobless man Example: The government announced a new initiative to help the jobless. 2. Having too much time on one's hands; having nothing better to do. Labels: not-comparable, slang Example: ― I’m showing him our texts with her, the liar. ― Bro, that is so jobless!
Word: white truffle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From white + truffle from being a truffle with a lightish appearance, lighter than that of black truffles. 1. A truffle of species Tuber magnatum, most commonly from the Piedmont region of Italy, lighter in color than black truffles, similarly prized as a culinary ingredient.
Word: black truffle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From black + truffle, from being a truffle with a darkish appearance, darker than white truffles. 1. A species of truffle, Tuber melanosporum, darker than the white truffle, most commonly from France but also found in other parts of Europe, that is prized as a culinary ingredient.
Word: half-moon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English half- Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-? Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s Proto-Germanic *mēnô Proto-West Germanic *mānō Old English mōna Middle English mone English moon English half-moon From half- + moon. 1. The moon in its first or last quarter when only half the visible face is illuminated; a quarter moon. 2. Anything shaped like a crescent, especially the base of a fingernail. 3. A semicircular or crescent-shaped Filipino butter cookie. 4. Synonym of black and white (“type of cookie”).
Word: Chinese truffle Part of Speech: noun 1. A species of truffle, Tuber sinense, native to China. 2. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Chinese, truffle.
Word: truffle oil Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From truffle + oil. 1. A cooking ingredient consisting of flavorless oil infused with truffle (or a synthetic flavor compound supposed to resemble it). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Substances float around each other until you crush them all with a blender. Add a bit of white miso, lemon juice, truffle oil, chives: survey your wreckage, which will be the wrong colour (cream with a hint of grey) and the wrong consistency (gluey).
Word: Hagiographa Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Middle English agiogrofa, Agiogropha, from Medieval Latin hagiographa, from Ancient Greek ἁγιόγραφα (hagiógrapha), from ἅγιος (hágios, “holy, saintly”) + γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to write”). 1. The third division of the Hebrew scriptures; the Ketuvim. Labels: Judaism, plural, plural-only
Word: canapé Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French canapé. Doublet of canopy and conopeum. Pronunciation: /ˈkænəpeɪ/ 1. An hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish. 2. A piece of furniture similar to a couch or settee, an elegant sofa. Example: Oliver was sitting on the edge of the canapé, swinging one leg over the other; and he stopped abruptly and stared, and then sank back, laughing softly to himself.
Word: canape Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of canapé. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: flambe Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of flambé. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: flambe Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of flambé. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: flambe Part of Speech: verb 1. Alternative spelling of flambé. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: ganache Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French ganache, from Italian ganascia (“jaw”), ultimately from Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos) (see gnatho-). Pronunciation: /ɡəˈnæʃ/, /ɡəˈnɑːʃ/ 1. A rich sauce, made of chocolate and cream, used also as the filling of truffles, and as a glaze. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The centers of truffles are typically a ganache, which is most often simply a mixture of chocolate and cream. The recipes will direct you to chop the chocolate finely—do not overlook this step! Example: She scoops a grassy, barely sweet green-tea sorbet onto white chocolate ganache, and garnishes it with coin-size meringues that break easily, then strings syrupy, candied yuzu zest across it all. 2. A kind of surcoat with short cap sleeves. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable Example: M. Viollet-le-Duc says the ganache, which he considers a beautiful and simple garment, disappeared at the end of the fourteenth century. M. Quicherat makes brief mention of it as a surcoat without sleeves or girdle , and neither ... Example: , The Medieval Wedding Planner, Lyle MacPherson Male clothing was worn in layers of a tunic, cote, or cotte with a surcoat over a linen shirt. […] a long sleeveless tunic. When sleeves (and sometimes a hood) were added, the cyclas became a ganache (a cap-sleeved surcoat, usually shown with hood of matching color) or a gardcorps (a long, generous-sleeved travelling robe). 3. A fool Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable
Word: ganache Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French ganache, from Italian ganascia (“jaw”), ultimately from Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos) (see gnatho-). Pronunciation: /ɡəˈnæʃ/, /ɡəˈnɑːʃ/ 1. To coat with ganache. Labels: transitive Example: to ganache the sides of a cake
Word: pauses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of pause Labels: form-of, plural
Word: pauses Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of pause Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: like a duck takes to water Part of Speech: prep_phrase 1. Very naturally; without effort. Labels: idiomatic Example: Near-synonyms: smoothly, gracefully Example: She started skating and learned quickly, like a duck takes to water.
Word: electroencephalogram Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree French électro-bor. Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor. Latin ēlectrum Latin electro-bor. English electro- English encephalogram English electroencephalogram From electro- + encephalogram. Pronunciation: /əˌlɛktɹoʊ.ənˈsɛfələˌɡɹæm/, /əˌlɛktɹoʊ.ɛnˈsɛfloʊˌɡɹæm/ 1. A recording of electrical brain activity (brain waves) made by an electroencephalograph. Example: Davide Valeriani, senior research officer at University of Essex’s BCI-NE Lab, is using an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI to tap into the unconscious minds of people as they make decisions.
Word: electroencephalograph Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree French électro-bor. Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron)bor. Latin ēlectrum Latin electro-bor. English electro- English encephalograph English electroencephalograph From electro- + encephalograph. Pronunciation: /əˌlɛktɹoʊ.ənˈsɛfələˌɡɹæf/, /əˌlɛktɹoʊ.ɛnˈsɛfloʊˌɡɹæf/ 1. An instrument used for recording electrical brain activity.
Word: polyandrous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From poly- + -androus. 1. Of or pertaining to polyandry; engaging in polyandry. Labels: not-comparable Example: Why, she goes on, meeting another husband, lays another batch of eggs, leaves them and goes on her polyandrous way, flirting, fighting - oh, out on the razzle-dazzle generally. Example: Nestled in this remote area of northwestern Nepal is a tiny settlement of ethnic Tibetan Buddhists, the land of the Nyinba, where UCLA anthropologist Nancy Levine found one of the last flourishing polyandrous populations, a society where women marry several men. 2. Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens inserted in the receptacle. Labels: not-comparable
Word: beta wave Part of Speech: noun 1. An electrical signal produced by the brain while the subject mentally active. Example: Doctor Chakwas: Physically, you're fine. But I detected some unusual brain activity, abnormal beta waves. Doctor Chakwas: I also noticed an increase in your rapid eye movement, signs typically associated with intense dreaming.
Word: ubuntu Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀ntʊ̀ Zulu ubúntubor. Proto-Bantu *bʊ̀ntʊ̀ Xhosa úbúntubor. English ubuntu Loanword from Zulu ubuntu (“humanity”) and Xhosa ubuntu (“humaneness, solidarity”). Pronunciation: /ʊˈbʊntuː/ 1. A Nguni Bantu ideology focusing on people's allegiances and relations with each other. Labels: South-Africa, uncountable Example: Through Ubuntu the worth of all individuals are recognized and respected. As such, homophobia is an unAfrican^([sic]) because it denies people the opportunity to express their full humanity. Example: This includes buen vivir (or sumak kawsay or suma qamaña), a culture of life with different names and varieties emerging from indigenous peoples in various regions of South America; ubuntu, with its emphasis on human mutuality (“I am because we are”) in South Africa; radical ecological democracy or ecological swaraj, with a focus on self-reliance and self-governance, in India; and degrowth, the hypothesis that we can live better with less and in common, in western countries.
Word: beta emitter Part of Speech: noun 1. A radioactive substance emitting beta particles.
Word: wins Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /wɪnz/ 1. plural of win Labels: form-of, plural
Word: wins Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /wɪnz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of win Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: motherland Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr Proto-Germanic *mōdēr Proto-West Germanic *mōder Old English mōdor Middle English moder English mother English land English motherland From mother + land. Pronunciation: /ˈmʌðɚˌlænd/, /ˈmʌð.ə.lænd/ 1. The country of one's ancestors. 2. The country of one's birth. 3. Country of origin. 4. Mother country in contrast to its colonies.
Word: perked Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of perk Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: fatherland Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From father + land. Compare Dutch vaderland (“fatherland”), German Vaterland (“fatherland”), Danish fædreland (“fatherland”), Icelandic föðurland (“fatherland”). 1. The country of one's ancestors. 2. The country of one's birth, origin.
Word: boro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Middle Persian *bōragbor. Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq)der. Medieval Latin boraxder. Anglo-Norman boreisbor. Middle English boras English borax English boro- From borax. 1. boron Labels: morpheme
Word: wholeheartedly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From wholehearted + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˌhəʊlˈhɑːtɪdli/, /ˌhoʊlˈhɑɹtədli/, [-ɾəd-] 1. In a wholehearted (“showing enthusiastic and unconditional commitment”) manner; without reserve; enthusiastically, unreservedly. Example: He jumped in wholeheartedly and began to learn the language. Example: [T]hough Augustus and Tiberius discouraged the desire to deify them in their lifetime, Caligula had no sooner expressed his designs on godhead than the Alexandrians wholeheartedly fell in with his wishes, and worshipped him.
Word: carb- Part of Speech: prefix 1. Alternative form of carbo- used before a vowel. Labels: alt-of, alternative, morpheme
Word: carbo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Combining form of carbon. Pronunciation: /kɑː.bə(ʊ)/, /kɑɹ.boʊ/, /kɑɹ.bə/ 1. Carbon, carbonic, carbonyl, carbonylic, carboxyl or carboxylic. Labels: morpheme Example: carbide, carbohydrate
Word: Maghrib Part of Speech: name 1. Alternative form of Maghreb. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: carbonic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃-der.? Latin carbōnemlbor. French carbonebor. English carbon Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English carbonic From carbon + -ic. Pronunciation: /kɑɹˈbɒnɪk/, /kɑːˈbɒnɪk/ 1. Of or relating to carbon. Labels: not-comparable Example: [I]t sank down through the air and poured over the ground in a manner rather liquid than gaseous, abandoning the hills, and streaming into the valleys and ditches and water-courses even as I have heard the carbonic acid gas that pours from volcanic clefts is wont to do.
Word: nitre Part of Speech: noun 1. UK standard spelling of niter. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: For though thou wash thee with nitre, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me. Example: Had he bought nitre before, I have since tried to recall and I cannot. It is a common enough article and I sell it every day.
Word: CPSA Part of Speech: name Etymology: Initialisms 1. Initialism of Canadian Professional Sales Association. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 2. Initialism of Canadian Political Science Association. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 3. Initialism of Church of the Province of Southern Africa. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 4. Initialism of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 5. Initialism of Commission of Public Service Appointments. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 6. Initialism of Concrete Pipelines Systems Association. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 7. Initialism of Communist Party of South Africa. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: polysemantic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús Ancient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor. English poly- English semantic English polysemantic From poly- + semantic. 1. Synonym of polysemic.
Word: procuress Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French procureresse (compare French procureuse), corresponding to procure + -ess. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈkjʊəɹɪs/ 1. A middlewoman: a woman who performs as a go-between, an intermediary. 2. A female procurer. Example: The Spaniard, who will seduce any girl he can, is pitiless under like circumstances to his own womenkind; so there is much weeping, the girl is turned out of doors and falls readily into the hands of the procuress. In the brothels of Seville or of Madrid she finds at least a roof and bread to eat. Example: Old witches in the cities and country-side throve upon the sale of death spells and love philtres. They also made a trade of abortificants, and frequently practised the whiles of the procuress.
Word: procurer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English procurour, from Anglo-Norman procurour and continental Old French procureor, from Latin prōcūrātor; by surface analysis, procure + er. Doublet of proctor and procurator. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈkjʊəɹə/, /pɹəˈkjɔːɹə/, /pɹəˈkjʊɹə/, /pɹəˈkjəɹə/ 1. A person who procures or obtains things 2. A person who procures or obtains things: Labels: especially 3. A person who incites or riles; an instigator. Labels: archaic
Word: perorate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in 1603; borrowed from Latin perōrātus, perfect passive participle of perōrō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, per- + orate. 1. To speak or declaim at great length, especially in a pompous or grandiloquent manner; to harangue. Labels: intransitive 2. To make a peroration; to make a formal recapitulation at the end of a speech. Labels: intransitive
Word: Pomeranian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Pomerania + -an. Through Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off”), distant doublet of pomegranate, whose first element is from Latin pomum, which itself is from Proto-Italic *poomos (“taken off > fruit”). Pronunciation: /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/, /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ 1. Of, from or relating to Pomerania, a historic region split between the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Brandenburg and the Pomeranian Voivodeship, West Pomeranian Voivodeship and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland. 2. Of or relating to Pomerania. Example: In my 2002 research project I focused on the documentation of the Pomeranian Low German as spoken in the state of Wisconsin. Example: This was expressed by a Pomeranian Low German speaker born in 1903 in Hamburg, Marathon County: …
Word: Pomeranian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Pomerania + -an. Through Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off”), distant doublet of pomegranate, whose first element is from Latin pomum, which itself is from Proto-Italic *poomos (“taken off > fruit”). Pronunciation: /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/, /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ 1. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. 2. A breed of small, fluffy, energetic toy dogs in the canine family of spitzes.
Word: Pomeranian Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Pomerania + -an. Through Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off”), distant doublet of pomegranate, whose first element is from Latin pomum, which itself is from Proto-Italic *poomos (“taken off > fruit”). Pronunciation: /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/, /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ 1. Pomeranian Low German. Example: Among their dialects the Rhine Franconian and Moselle-Franconian varieties prevailed, but other dialects were present as well, such as Upper German Swabian, Low German Westphalian, Pomeranian, and the Mennonite varieties, and even Volga German. Example: … the language of everyday use is characterized by a wide panorama of local dialectal variation, ranging from Low German dialects in the north (e.g. Low Saxon, Westphalian, Pomeranian), through Central German dialects (e.g. Hessian, Thuringian, Silesian) to the High German dialects of the south (e.g. Bavarian, High Alemannic, Alsatian and Franconian) … 2. The Kashubian language.
Word: promotional Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *pér Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *pró Proto-Indo-European *pro- Proto-Italic *pro- Latin prō- Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyetider. Proto-Italic *moweō Latin moveō Latin prōmoveō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Late Latin prōmotiōder. Old French promocionbor. Middle English English promotion English -al English promotional From promotion + -al. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, /pɹəˈməʊʃənəl/ 1. Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc. Example: Collect five promotional vouchers to claim your prize. Example: In addition to this signage there are promotional videos broadcast in English on television screens around the campus. 2. Of or relating to promotion to a post of higher status. Example: In some departments, tiebreakers on the promotional list are determined by who turned their application in first.
Word: promotional Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *per-der.? Proto-Indo-European *pér Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *pró Proto-Indo-European *pro- Proto-Italic *pro- Latin prō- Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *m(y)owh₁éyetider. Proto-Italic *moweō Latin moveō Latin prōmoveō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Late Latin prōmotiōder. Old French promocionbor. Middle English English promotion English -al English promotional From promotion + -al. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/, /pɹəˈməʊʃənəl/ 1. An advertising promotion
Word: pangenesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-énts Proto-Indo-European *ph₂énts? Proto-Hellenic *pánts Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs)der. Ancient Greek πᾰν- (păn-)bor. English pan- Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis Proto-Hellenic *génetis Ancient Greek γένεσῐς (génesĭs)bor. Latin genesisbor. English genesis English pangenesis From pan- + genesis. 1. A mechanism for heredity proposed by Charles Darwin by which the cells of the body shed "gemmules" which collect in the reproductive organs prior to fertilization. Labels: uncountable
Word: persecutory Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːtəɹi/, /ˌpɝsəˈkjutəɹi/ 1. Of or relating to persecution. Labels: not-comparable
Word: Anchorage Part of Speech: name Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk-der.? Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́γκῡρᾰ (ắnkūră)bor.? Latin ancorabor. Proto-Germanic *ankurô Proto-West Germanic *ankurō Old English ancor Middle English anker English anchor Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icus Latin -āticus Latin -āticum Old French -agebor. Middle English -age English -age English anchorage English Anchorage A proprialization from anchorage, in reference to Captain Cook's anchoring there during his third voyage; for more, see Wikipedia at History of Anchorage, Alaska. Pronunciation: /ˈæŋkəɹɪd͡ʒ/, [ˈæŋkʰəɹʷɪd͡ʒ] ~ [ˈæŋkʰɹʷɪd͡ʒ], /ˈæŋkɚɪd͡ʒ/, [ˈæŋkʰɚɪd͡ʒ] ~ [ˈæŋkʰɹ̩ɪd͡ʒ], /ˈeɪŋkɚɪd͡ʒ/ 1. The largest city in Alaska, United States. Example: So Anchorage settled into its current role as a major center for cargo traffic and a modest airport of seasonal passenger flights. 2. A home rule city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. 3. An unincorporated community in Atascosa County, Texas, United States. 4. A ghost town in Buffalo County, Wisconsin, United States.
Word: sachet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French sachet. Pronunciation: /ˈsæʃeɪ/, /sæˈʃeɪ/ 1. A small scented cloth bag filled with fragrant material such as herbs or potpourri. 2. A cheesecloth bag of herbs or spices added during cooking and then removed before serving. 3. A small, sealed packet containing a single-use quantity of any material. Example: My burger arrived with a plastic sachet of tomato ketchup. Example: In the Philippines and other parts of Southeast Asia, the problem was compounded by a new kind of plastic packaging that took flight in the 1980s — the sachet. It was a plastic pouch but often bulked up with layers of aluminum or paper for shape or durability. […] Sachets are cheap, flashy and convenient.
Word: cheesecloth Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cheese + cloth. 1. A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: anker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch anker. Doublet of anchor and ancora. 1. A measure of wine or spirit equal to 10 gallons; a barrel of this capacity. Labels: obsolete Example: And if your honour ſhould want a ſmall parcel of fine tea, or a few anchors of right Nantz, I'll be bound you ſhall be furniſhed to your heart's content. Example: [I]t is quite a painful reflection how many whole crews we have made to walk the plank for no more than a stock of biscuit or an anker or two of spirit.
Word: periodization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Ancient Greek περῐ́ (perĭ́) Proto-Indo-European *sed-der. Proto-Indo-European *sodós? Proto-Hellenic *hodós Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós) Ancient Greek περῐ́οδος (perĭ́odos)lbor. Medieval Latin periodusbor. Middle French periodebor. Middle English periode English period Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ization English periodization From period + -ization. 1. The process of categorizing something (e.g. history) into named periods. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Training in segments of a few weeks or months, so that training begins at lower intensity and is gradually increased to high intensity. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The operation of forming a periodic function from a non-periodic function. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: prepaid Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /pɹiːˈpeɪd/ 1. Paid for in advance. Labels: not-comparable
Word: prepaid Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /pɹiːˈpeɪd/ 1. Something paid for in advance. Example: The number of unfilled orders has increased, including prepaids.
Word: prepaid Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /pɹiːˈpeɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of prepay Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: pericardial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Ancient Greek περῐ́ (perĭ́)der. English peri- English cardial English pericardial From peri- + cardial. 1. Of, or relating to the pericardium. Labels: not-comparable 2. Surrounding or next to the heart. Labels: not-comparable
Word: broiler Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From broil + -er (agent noun suffix) or, for the chickens, + -er (patient suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈbɹɔɪlə/, /ˈbɹɔɪlɚ/ 1. A person who broils, someone who cooks by broiling. 2. A device used to broil food; part of an oven or a small stove; known as a grill in British English. Labels: Canada, US 3. A chicken raised for meat. Example: In the 1960's culling hens and cockerels accounted for the main share of all live poultry exports. In more recent years, exports of live stewers, ducks, and geese have trended downward while foreign trade of live broilers and turkeys has greatly increased. 4. A chicken raised for meat. 5. One who engages in or promotes noisy quarrels, or broils. Labels: archaic Example: What doth he but turn broiler, […] make new libels against the church?
Word: preordained Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of preordain Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: preordained Part of Speech: adj 1. determined in advance; predestined Labels: not-comparable Example: The difficulty of each puzzle would increase as the number of miners increased, which would keep production to one block of transactions roughly every 10 minutes. In addition, the size of each block bounty would halve every 210,000 blocks—first from 50 bitcoins to 25, then from 25 to 12.5, and so on. Around the year 2140, the currency would reach its preordained limit of 21 million bitcoins.
Word: embroil Part of Speech: verb Etymology: PIE word *h₁én The verb is borrowed from French embrouiller (“to entangle”), from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’)) + brouiller (“to confuse, mix up”) (ultimately from Vulgar Latin *brodiculāre, from *brodicāre, from Late Latin brodium (“broth, stew; mixture”), from Frankish *broþ (“broth”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“stock, broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”)). The noun is derived from the verb. Cognates * Italian imbrogliare * Spanish embrollar Pronunciation: /ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/, /ɛm-/, /əmˈbɹɔɪl/ 1. To bring (something) into a state of confusion or uproar; to complicate, to confuse, to jumble. Labels: transitive Example: Rumor next and Chance, / And Tumult and Confuſion all imbroild, / And Diſcord with a thouſand various mouths. Example: Your Enemies had ſo embroyl'd the management of your Office, that they look'd on your Advancement as the Inſtrument of your Ruine. 2. To cause (someone) to be drawn into or involved in a difficult situation or state of contention. Labels: transitive Example: Avoid him. He will embroil you in his fights. Example: Then vvhen ſhe found her Venom ſpread ſo far, / The Royal Houſe embroil'd in Civil VVar: / Rais'd on her dusky VVings ſhe cleaves the Skies, / And ſeeks the Palace vvhere young Turnus lies.
Word: embroil Part of Speech: noun Etymology: PIE word *h₁én The verb is borrowed from French embrouiller (“to entangle”), from em- (a variant of en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’)) + brouiller (“to confuse, mix up”) (ultimately from Vulgar Latin *brodiculāre, from *brodicāre, from Late Latin brodium (“broth, stew; mixture”), from Frankish *broþ (“broth”), from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“stock, broth”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil; to brew”)). The noun is derived from the verb. Cognates * Italian imbrogliare * Spanish embrollar Pronunciation: /ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/, /ɛm-/, /əmˈbɹɔɪl/ 1. A state of confusion or uproar; a commotion, a disturbance; also, a quarrel. Labels: obsolete, transitive 2. A state of anxiety or disturbance of the mind. Labels: obsolete, transitive
Word: embroil Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From em- (a variant of en- (intensifying prefix)) + broil (“to expose to great heat; (obsolete) to burn”) (from Late Middle English broilen, brulen (“to burn; to scorch, singe; (cooking) to broil, grill”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Old French bruler, bruillir, brusler (“to burn”) (modern French brûler), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrew- (“to boil; to brew”)). Pronunciation: /ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/, /ɛm-/, /əmˈbɹɔɪl/ 1. To set (something) on fire; to burn (something). Labels: obsolete, rare, transitive Example: Indeed if vve vvill be building our Babels, and thus aſſault Omnipotence, 'tis but juſt vve ſhould have our language confounded, and that that knovvledge for vvhich vve boldly attempt to rifle Gods cabinet, ſhould like the Coal from the Altar, ſerve only to embroil and conſume the ſacrilegious invaders.
Word: perfective Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English perfect Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Old French -ifbor. Middle English -yf English -ive English perfective From perfect + -ive. Pronunciation: /pə(ɹ)ˈfɛktɪv/ 1. Of, or relative to, the perfective aspect. 2. Of, or relative to, a perfect tense. 3. Tending to make perfect, or to bring to perfection. Labels: obsolete Example: a perfective alteration Example: It is not likely that Eternal Life ſhall be a torpid and unactive ſtate, or that it ſhall conſiſt only in an uninterrupted and endleſs Act of Love; the other Faculties ſhall be employed as well as the Will, in Actions ſuitable to, and perfective of their Natures; […]
Word: perfective Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English perfect Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Old French -ifbor. Middle English -yf English -ive English perfective From perfect + -ive. Pronunciation: /pə(ɹ)ˈfɛktɪv/ 1. A perfective verb form.
Word: premiership Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English premier Proto-Germanic *skapjaną Proto-Germanic *-skapiz Proto-West Germanic *-skapi Old English -sċiepe Middle English -schipe English -ship English premiership From premier + -ship. 1. The office of a premier or prime minister. Example: There is a familiar pattern that has come to define Theresa May’s premiership. Encouraging rhetoric gets periodically wheeled out: the pledges to ease the burden on the “just about managing”; the promises to fight the “burning injustices” of social inequality. But then a few weeks later, the chancellor gets up at the dispatch box to deliver a budget or an autumn statement and it’s as if those words had never been uttered. Example: And for the EU a Johnson premiership would mean “a mini-Trump across the Channel, dedicated to its sabotage”. Britain would become “a hostile principality, built on social, fiscal and environmental deregulation.” 2. The position held by the champion team at the end of a particular season (especially as used in Australian rules football). Labels: Australia
Word: Premiership Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɛmɪəʃɪp/, /-mjə-/ 1. The Premier League of English association football. Labels: UK 2. Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union. Labels: UK
Word: pyloric Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English pylorus Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English pyloric From pylorus + -ic. 1. Of or relating to the pylorus. Labels: not-comparable
Word: salmonella Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the genus name Salmonella, named after American veterinarian Daniel Elmer Salmon. Pronunciation: /ˌsæl.məˈnɛ.lə/, /ˌsæ.məˈnɛ.lə/ 1. Any of the serotypes of the two species of rod-shaped bacteria, of the genus Salmonella, especially Salmonella enterica, that cause typhoid fever and salmonellosis, manifest as food poisoning and other diseases. Example: Everyone got sick from salmonella in the undercooked meat. 2. Food poisoning, especially in humans, caused by such organisms.
Word: salmonellosis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English salmonella Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis)bor. New Latin -ōsislbor. English -osis English salmonellosis From salmonella + -osis. 1. Any of several diseases caused by infection with Salmonella bacteria Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: preliterate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i? Proto-Italic *prai Proto-Italic *prai- Latin prae-lbor. Middle English pre- English pre- English literate English preliterate From pre- + literate. 1. that has not yet developed a written language Labels: not-comparable 2. who has not yet learned to read and write Labels: not-comparable
Word: preliterate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i? Proto-Italic *prai Proto-Italic *prai- Latin prae-lbor. Middle English pre- English pre- English literate English preliterate From pre- + literate. 1. a member of such a culture
Word: food-borne disease Part of Speech: noun 1. Synonym of food poisoning. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: food poisoning Part of Speech: noun 1. Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, that typically causes diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: royal icing Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The designation "royal" was added after the icing was used on the large, elaborate cake made for Queen Victoria's wedding to Prince Albert in 1840; the style of icing itself is older. 1. An icing made from beaten egg whites and powdered sugar, used for decorating. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: illegally Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From illegal + -ly or il- + legally. Pronunciation: /ɪˈliːɡəli/ 1. In a manner contrary to law. Example: He received a ticket for illegally parking next to a fire hydrant. Example: The dangers of scofflawry vary wildly. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location.
Word: compositor Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French compositeur, from Latin compositor. Pronunciation: /kəmˈpɒzɪtə(ɹ)/ 1. A person who sets type; a typesetter. Example: Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language […] his clerks […] understood him very well. If he had written a love letter, or a farce, or a ballade, or a story, no one, either clerks, or friends, or compositors, would have understood anything but a word here and a word there. Example: All Spaniards, we discovered, knew two English expressions. One was 'O.K., baby', the other was a word used by the Barcelona whores in their dealings with English sailors, and I am afraid the compositors would not print it. 2. One who, or that which, composes or sets in order. Example: I work as an image compositor. 3. A system that puts images together in a buffer (such as individual windows on a desktop) to generate a final display image.
Word: NEMA Part of Speech: name 1. Acronym of National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of
Word: typesetter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From type + setter. 1. A person who sets type; an employee in a printshop who manually selected pieces of movable type and assembled them for printing. Labels: historical Example: It’s hard to say who has the longest name in history, but a Philadelphia-area typesetter from the early 1900s chose a very long name for himself. Known, among other things, as Hubert Blaine Wolfe+590, Sr., his name has been published in many different forms since. Example: My writing all took place over weekends, and because I only lived about ten miles away, Peter would hot-foot it to my home on a Monday morning to collect a large parcel of hand-typed sheets of copy, for despatch to the typesetters. 2. A machine that combines type in the correct order for printing. Labels: historical
Word: saucier Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From saucy + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈsɔːsɪə/, /ˈsɑsiɚ/ 1. comparative form of saucy: more saucy Labels: comparative, form-of
Word: saucier Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French saucier, from sauce + -ier. Pronunciation: /sosje/ 1. In a large professional kitchen, a cook responsible for preparing sauces and for sauteing foods on demand. 2. A bowl-shaped pan used for sauces and other cookery.
Word: saucier Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English sauce Latin -i-bor. English -i- English -er English saucier From sauce + -i- + -er. 1. sauce pan (a pan used to cook up a sauce) 2. sauce boat (a pitcher, dish, or, bowl, used to serve sauce)
Word: sauté Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French sauté, past participle of sauter (“to sauté”, literally “to jump”); in cooking, diced onions jump in the pan from the hot oil. Pronunciation: /ˈsəʊteɪ/, /soʊˈteɪ/, /sɔˈteɪ/, /sɑˈteɪ/ 1. To cook (food) using a small amount of fat in an open pan over a relatively high heat, allowing the food to brown and form a crust stopping it from sticking to the pan as it cooks. Labels: transitive Example: Parboil three-fourths cup carrot, cut in strips, fifteen minutes; drain, and sauté in one tablespoon bacon fat to which has been added one tablespoon finely chopped onion.[…]Cook until potatoes are soft, then add twelve small onions cooked until soft, then drained and sautéd in two tablespoons butter to which is added one tablespoon sugar. Onions need not be sautéd unless they are desired glazed. Serve from casserole dish. Example: Frying and sautéing are methods that heat foods for the most part by conduction from a hot, oiled pan, with temperatures between 350 and 450°F/175–225°C that encourage Maillard browning and flavor development.
Word: sauté Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French sauté, past participle of sauter (“to sauté”, literally “to jump”); in cooking, diced onions jump in the pan from the hot oil. Pronunciation: /ˈsəʊteɪ/, /soʊˈteɪ/, /sɔˈteɪ/, /sɑˈteɪ/ 1. A dish prepared this way.
Word: saute Part of Speech: verb 1. Alternative form of sauté. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: Likewise for his treatment of linguinilike rice noodles sauteed with whole shrimp, pork, egg, chiles, green onions, and bean sprouts. Example: This appropriate combination of blanched dubu (tofu), sauteed kimchi, and stir-fried pork is a threesome made in heaven. The dubu, which has the potential to be bland on its own, has the pork to add substance and the kimchi to add flavor.
Word: poissonier Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of poissonnier. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: obstructionist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English obstruction Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English obstructionist From obstruction + -ist. Pronunciation: /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃənˌɪst/ 1. Someone who systematically obstructs the actions of others. Example: "And you, sir, have lived an unimaginative obstructionist and never can hope now to emerge from it." Example: The obstructionists didn't have their own plan, but they counted, successfully, on delay to frustrate any alternative. 2. Someone who systematically obstructs the actions of others.
Word: obstructionist Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English obstruction Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English obstructionist From obstruction + -ist. Pronunciation: /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃənˌɪst/ 1. Pertaining to obstructionism. 2. Obstructionistic.
Word: chorizo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish chorizo. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɒˈɹiː.zəʊ/, /t͡ʃəˈɹi.zoʊ/, /t͡ʃəˈɹɪtsəʊ/ 1. A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Substitute three chopped scallions and a minced jalapeño for the onion, and 6 ounces crumbled chorizo for the tomatoes. Sub ½ cup queso fresco for the Parmesan in step 2. Serve with salsa. Example: A plate of queen scallops on the half shell with chorizo crumbs and garlic butter was only over-shadowed by the quality of its companions.
Word: perempt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin peremptum, past participle of perimere. 1. To destroy or defeat. Labels: transitive
Word: plentifully Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English plentefully, plentefullych, plentyfullyche, equivalent to plentiful + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈplɛntɪfəli/ 1. in a plentiful manner. Example: O love the Lord, all ye his saints: for the Lord preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer.
Word: preferment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English preferment, preferrement, prefferment; equivalent to prefer + -ment. Pronunciation: /pɹɪˈfəːmənt/ 1. Prior claim (on payment, or on purchasing something); the first rights to obtain a particular payment or product. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable 2. The fact of being pushed or advanced to a more favourable situation; furtherance, promotion (of a candidate, action, undertaking etc.). Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: But consider—you need not be afraid of delegating power to me. I am no young lady on her preferment. Married women, you know, may be safely authorised. Example: A mind warranted from prejudice, hath a marvellous preferment [translating avancement] to tranquility. 3. Advancement to a higher position or office; promotion. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A position (especially in the Church of England) that provides profit or prestige. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: One hall called Civil Law Hall or School, flouriſhed about this time (though in its buildings decayed) by the care of the learned and judicious Dr. Will. Warham Principal or Moderator thereof; which he leaving this year (having before had ſeveral Deputies therein) becauſe of his preferment to the ſee of London, became void for ſome time. The year following the ſaid Warham was tranſlated to Canterbury […] 5. The fact of preferring something; preference. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable
Word: preferment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i? Proto-Italic *prai Proto-Italic *prai- Latin prae-lbor. Middle English pre- English pre- English ferment English preferment From pre- + ferment. 1. A mixture of flour, water and yeast that is allowed to ferment prior to another baking process
Word: penologist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English penology Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English penologist From penology + -ist. 1. A student of, or expert in, penology.