nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: shear Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German, Dutch, and German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Faroese and Icelandic skera, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp. Pronunciation: /ʃɪə/, /ʃɪː/, /ʃɪjə/, /ʃiə/, /ʃɛː/ 1. A cutting tool similar to scissors, but often larger. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: short of their wool, and naked from the shear 2. A large machine use for cutting sheet metal. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of shearing, or something removed by shearing. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: After the second shearing, he is a two-shear ram; […] at the expiration of another year, he is a three-shear ram; the name always taking its date from the time of shearing. 4. Forces that push in opposite directions. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The phenomenon of wind shear. Labels: uncountable Example: The first effect of a wind shear was detected at 34 to 42 seconds into the takeoff, at a speed of about 115 KIAS with the airplane about 3,800 feet down the runway. An average shear rate of about 2.5 knots per second resulted in an interruption in acceleration at this point with the airspeed remaining at 115 to 120 KIAS for 7 to 10 seconds. 6. A specific instance of wind shear. Labels: countable Example: We hit a nasty shear on approach and had to go around. 7. A transformation that displaces every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point's distance from the line. Labels: countable, uncountable 8. The response of a rock to deformation usually by compressive stress, resulting in particular textures. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: shear Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German, Dutch, and German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Faroese and Icelandic skera, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian ski̇̀rti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp. Pronunciation: /ʃɪə/, /ʃɪː/, /ʃɪjə/, /ʃiə/, /ʃɛː/ 1. Misspelling of sheer. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: sheared Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈʃiɹd/ 1. simple past and past participle of shear Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: shorn Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ʃɔːn/, /ʃɔɹn/, /ʃo(ː)ɹn/, /ʃoən/ 1. past participle of shear Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: shorn Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ʃɔːn/, /ʃɔɹn/, /ʃo(ː)ɹn/, /ʃoən/ 1. Of a sheep, etc., having been shorn. Labels: not-comparable 2. Of a person, having had a haircut. Labels: not-comparable Example: This is the Prieſt all ſhaven and ſhorn, that married the man all tattered and torn[.]
Word: shed Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English scheden, schede, from Old English scēadan, scādan (“to separate, divide, part, make a line of separation between; remove from association or companionship; distinguish, discriminate, decide, determine, appoint; shatter, shed; expound; decree; write down; differ”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþan, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną (compare West Frisian skiede, Dutch and German scheiden), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt- (“to cut, part, divide, separate”), from *skey-. See also Irish scian (“knife”), Lithuanian skėsti (“to spread”), ski̇́esti (“to separate”), Old Church Slavonic цѣдити (cěditi, “to filter, strain”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”), Old Armenian ցտեմ (cʻtem, “to scratch”), Sanskrit च्यति (cyáti, “he cuts off”)). Related to shoad, shit, sheath. Pronunciation: /ʃɛd/ 1. To part, separate or divide. Labels: UK, dialectal, transitive Example: to shed something in two Example: to shed the sheep from the lambs 2. To part with, separate from, leave off; cast off, cast, let fall, be divested of. Labels: ambitransitive Example: You must shed your fear of the unknown before you can proceed. Example: When we found the snake, it was in the process of shedding its skin. 3. To pour; to make flow. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood? 4. To allow to flow or fall. Labels: transitive Example: I didn't shed many tears when he left me. Example: A tarpaulin sheds water. 5. To radiate, cast, give off (light). Labels: transitive Example: to shed light on Example: Can you shed any light on this problem? 6. To pour forth, give off, impart. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Sence now that he by the right honde of god exalted is, and hath receaved off the father the promys off the holy goost, he hath sheed forthe that which ye nowe se and heare. 7. To fall in drops; to pour. Labels: intransitive, obsolete 8. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. Example: Her hair […] is shed with gray. 9. To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.
Word: shed Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sched, schede, schad, from a combination of Old English scēada (“a parting of the hair, top of the head”) and Old English ġesċēad (“distinction, reason”). Pronunciation: /ʃɛd/ 1. An opening between upper and lower warp yarns through which the weft is woven. Example: Open the shed. Working in the direction that the shuttle will travel, insert the pick-up stick under the first 8 warp ends (including both lifted and lowered ends) and under the last 9 ends, passing through the open shed in between. 2. A distinction or dividing-line. Labels: obsolete 3. A parting in the hair. Labels: obsolete 4. The top of the head. Labels: obsolete 5. An area of land as distinguished from those around it.
Word: shed Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Dialectal variant of a specialized use of shade. Pronunciation: /ʃɛd/ 1. A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding, especially a smallish one; a hut. Example: wagon shed Example: wood shed 2. A large temporary open structure for reception of goods. 3. An automobile which is old, worn-out, slow, or otherwise of poor quality. Labels: UK, derogatory, informal 4. A British Rail Class 66 locomotive. Labels: UK, informal Example: Never saw that but we did stand and watch a pair of Sheds (156 and 165) speed north on a loaded steel. 5. A unit of area equivalent to 10⁻⁵² square meters. 6. Alternative form of woodshed. Labels: alt-of, alternative, slang
Word: shed Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Dialectal variant of a specialized use of shade. Pronunciation: /ʃɛd/ 1. To place or allocate a vehicle, such as a locomotive, in or to a depot or shed. Labels: transitive Example: On the Dava line, apart from the banking assistance given by the 4-4-0s, the traffic is handled by the standard class "5" 4-6-0s, known among the drivers as "Hikers"; these engines are shedded at Inverness and Perth. Example: As these [diesel] trains have to be shedded under cover at night, four additional outdoor standage roads are being provided for stabling of electric rolling stock after inspection in the shed. 2. To woodshed. Labels: transitive
Word: shine Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English shinen, schinen (preterite schon, past participle schinen), from Old English sċīnan (“to shine, flash; be resplendent”; preterite sċān, past participle sċinen), from Proto-West Germanic *skīnan (“to shine”), from Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”). Cognate with Dutch schijnen, German scheinen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål skinne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish skina, Faroese and Icelandic skína. Pronunciation: /ʃaɪn/ 1. To emit or reflect light so as to glow. Labels: copulative, intransitive Example: The water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marshes was like a gauzy and radiant fabric, hung from the wooded rises inland, and draping the low shores in diaphanous folds. Example: ‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’ 2. To reflect light. Labels: copulative, intransitive 3. To distinguish oneself; to excel. Labels: copulative, intransitive Example: My nephew tried other sports before deciding on football, which he shone at right away, quickly becoming the star of his school team. Example: “[…] I was grateful to you for giving him a year’s schooling—where he shined at it—and for putting him as a clerk in your counting-house, where he shined still more.” 4. To be effulgent in splendour or beauty. Labels: copulative, intransitive Example: So proud she shyned in her Princely state. Example: Once brightest shined this child of heat and air. 5. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to exhibit brilliant intellectual powers. Labels: copulative, intransitive Example: Few are qualified to shine in company; but it in most men's power to be agreeable. 6. To be immediately apparent. Labels: copulative, intransitive 7. To create light with (a flashlight, lamp, torch, or similar). Labels: transitive Example: I shone my light into the darkness to see what was making the noise. Example: As Jenks shined the large spotlight on the water, he saw a few bubbles and four long wakes leading away from an expanding circle of blood. 8. To cause to shine, as a light or by reflected light. Labels: transitive Example: in hunting, to shine the eyes of a deer at night by throwing a light on them Example: He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor shine honour and virtues, upon men equally.
Word: shine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English shinen, schinen (preterite schon, past participle schinen), from Old English sċīnan (“to shine, flash; be resplendent”; preterite sċān, past participle sċinen), from Proto-West Germanic *skīnan (“to shine”), from Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”). Cognate with Dutch schijnen, German scheinen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål skinne, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish skina, Faroese and Icelandic skína. Pronunciation: /ʃaɪn/ 1. Brightness from a source of light. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the distant shine of the celestial city 2. Brightness from reflected light. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Excellence in quality or appearance; splendour. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Shoeshine. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Take a shine. You need it. 5. Sunshine (typically in contrast with rain). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: be fair or foul, or rain or shine 6. Moonshine; an illicitly brewed alcoholic drink. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable 7. A black person. Labels: countable, derogatory, ethnic, offensive, slang, slur, uncountable Example: "If you want your black head blown off, shine, you just make a move to stop us." 8. The amount of shininess on a cricket ball, or on each side of the ball. Labels: countable, uncountable 9. A liking for a person; a fancy. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable Example: She's certainly taken a shine to you. 10. A caper; an antic; a row. Labels: archaic, countable, slang, uncountable
Word: shine Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From the noun shine, or perhaps continuing Middle English schinen in its causative uses, from Old English scīn (“brightness, shine”), and also Middle English schenen, from Old English scǣnan (“to render brilliant, make shine”), from Proto-Germanic *skainijaną, causative of *skīnaną (“to shine”). Pronunciation: /ʃaɪn/ 1. To cause (something) to be smooth and shiny by rubbing; put a shine on (something); polish (something). Labels: transitive Example: He shined my shoes until they were polished smooth and gleaming. 2. To polish a cricket ball using saliva and one’s clothing. Labels: transitive
Word: shined Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ʃaɪnd/ 1. simple past and past participle of shine Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: shone Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ʃɒn/, /ʃoʊn/, /ʃɑn/ 1. simple past and past participle of shine Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: aesthetic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁ Proto-Hellenic *awistʰomai Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Ancient Greek αἴσθησῐς (aísthēsĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós)bor. Latin aesthēticusder. German Ästhetikder. ▲ New Latin aesthēticusbor. French esthétiqueder. English aesthetic From German Ästhetik or French esthétique, both from New Latin aesthēticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós, “of sense perception”), from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel”); analysable as aesthe(sis) + -tic. Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Latin audiō. Pronunciation: /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /əsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /iːsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/, /-tɛtɪk/ 1. Concerned with beauty, artistic effect, or appearance. Example: It works well enough, but the shabby exterior offends his aesthetic sensibilities. Example: If you're anxious for to shine in the high aesthetic line as a man of culture rare, You must get up all the germs of the transcendental terms, and plant them everywhere. 2. Beautiful or appealing to one's sense of beauty or art. Labels: proscribed, rare Example: The design of the lobby cannot be considered particularly aesthetic. Example: The station was rebuilt yet again by British Rail in 1967, when large chunks of the 19th century station were demolished and replaced with 'modern' buildings that were less than aesthetic.
Word: aesthetic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁ Proto-Hellenic *awistʰomai Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Ancient Greek αἴσθησῐς (aísthēsĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós)bor. Latin aesthēticusder. German Ästhetikder. ▲ New Latin aesthēticusbor. French esthétiqueder. English aesthetic From German Ästhetik or French esthétique, both from New Latin aesthēticus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós, “of sense perception”), from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel”); analysable as aesthe(sis) + -tic. Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Latin audiō. Pronunciation: /ɛsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /əsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /iːsˈθɛ.tɪk/, /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/, /-tɛtɪk/ 1. The study of art or beauty. Labels: plural-normally 2. That which appeals to the senses. Labels: in-plural, often 3. The set of artistic motifs defining a collection of things, especially works of art; more broadly, their aura or “vibe”. Example: Her most recent works have this quirky, nonchalant aesthetic inspired by ’90s teen culture. Example: I really like the goth aesthetic you've got going there.
Word: allege Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English aleggen, perhaps from Old French alleguer, or from Anglo-Norman aleger, the form perhaps from Old French esligier (“to acquit”), from Medieval Latin *exlītigāre (“to clear at law”), from Latin ex (“out”) + lītigō (“sue at law”), but the meaning from Old French alleguer, from Latin allēgāre (“send on a mission, depute; relate, mention, adduce”), from ad (“to”) + lēgō (“send”). See also al-. Pronunciation: /əˈlɛd͡ʒ/ 1. To state under oath, to plead. Labels: obsolete, transitive 2. To cite or quote an author or his work for or against. Labels: archaic 3. To adduce (something) as a reason, excuse, support etc. Labels: transitive Example: I will further alleage a storie[…]to make us palpably feele his naturall condition. 4. To make a claim as justification or proof; to make an assertion without proof. Labels: transitive Example: The agency alleged that my credit history had problems.
Word: allege Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English alleggen, from Old French alegier, from Latin alleviāre (“lighten”), from ad + levis (“light”). Doublet of alleviate. Pronunciation: /əˈlɛd͡ʒ/ 1. To lighten, diminish. Labels: obsolete Example: and suffir never your soveraynté to be alledged with your subjects, Example: Hart that is inly hurt, is greatly eased / With hope of thing, that may allegge his smart[…].
Word: ambivalent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Back-formation from ambivalence, from German Ambivalenz, from Latin ambi- (“in two ways”) + valeō (“be strong”); equivalent to ambi- + -valent. Compare ambivert. Pronunciation: /æmˈbɪv.ə.lənt/ 1. Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, motivations, or meanings. Example: In modern burlesque [...] sexual and erotic stimuli are often present in concealed and ambivalent doubles entendres. Example: The great sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism both fall under “allosemitism”: literally Othering the Jew. He defined it not as resentment of what is different, which is xenophobia, but rather of what defies order and clear categories. In 1997, he wrote, “The Jew is ambivalence incarnate. And ambivalence is ambivalence mostly because it cannot be contemplated without ambivalent feeling: it is simultaneously attractive and repelling.” 2. Alternately being or having one opinion or feeling, and then the opposite. Example: His feelings toward his parents are ambivalent.
Word: anomaly Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (ă-) Proto-Indo-European *sem- Proto-Indo-European *sem-h₂-lo-sder. Ancient Greek ὁμᾰλός (homălós) Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía)bor. Latin anōmalialbor. English anomaly From Latin anomalia, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “irregularity, anomaly”), from ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “irregular, uneven”), negating the meaning of ὁμαλός (homalós, “even”), from ὁμός (homós, “same”). Pronunciation: /əˈnɒm.ə.lɪ/, /əˈnɑ.mə.li/, /əˈnɒm.ə.li/, /əˈnɔm.ə.li/, [əˈnɔ̟m.ə.li] 1. A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier. Example: This ardent exploration, absorbing all his energy and interest, made him forget for the moment the mystery of his heritage and the anomaly that cut him off from all his fellows. 2. Something or someone that is strange or unusual. Example: He is an anomaly among his friends in that he's the only one who's unmarried. 3. Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not. Example: She disregarded some of the anomalies in the experiment, putting them down to miscalculation. 4. Any of various angular distances. 5. A defect or malformation. 6. A failure of a classical symmetry due to quantum corrections. 7. An irregularity or disproportion. Labels: dated
Word: arbitrary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin arbiter Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -ārius Latin arbitrāriusder. Middle English arbitrarie English arbitrary From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/, /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/, /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛɹ.i/, [ˈɑɹ.bɪˌt͡ʃɹ̊ɛɹ.i], /ˈɐː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ 1. Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random. Labels: usually Example: Benjamin Franklin's designation of "positive" and "negative" to different charges was arbitrary. Example: The decision to use 18 years as the legal age of adulthood was arbitrary, as both age 17 and 19 were reasonable alternatives. 2. Determined by impulse rather than reason; often connoting heavy-handedness. Example: 1937/1938, Albert Einstein, letter to Max Born The Russian trials were Stalin's purges, with which he attempted to consolidate his power. Like most people in the West, I believed these show trials to be the arbitrary acts of a cruel dictator. Example: The bromide conforms to everything sanctioned by the majority, and may be depended upon to be trite, banal, and arbitrary. 3. Any, out of all that are possible. Example: The equation is true for an arbitrary value of x. 4. Determined by independent arbiter. 5. Not representative or symbolic; not iconic.
Word: arbitrary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin arbiter Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -ārius Latin arbitrāriusder. Middle English arbitrarie English arbitrary From Middle English arbitrarie, Latin arbitrārius (“arbitrary, uncertain”), from arbiter (“witness, on-looker, listener, judge, overseer”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/, /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/, /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛɹ.i/, [ˈɑɹ.bɪˌt͡ʃɹ̊ɛɹ.i], /ˈɐː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ 1. Anything arbitrary, such as an arithmetical value or a fee. Example: And in this long chain of consistence, a chain stretching from the long dead to the far unborn, the notion of the arbitrary could only survive as the notion of a pre-established arbitrary.
Word: arid Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-eh₁yeti Proto-Italic *āzēō Latin āreō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin āriduslbor. French arideder. ▲ Latin āridusder. English arid From French aride or directly from Latin āridus (“dry, arid, parched”), compare its synonymous contracted form ardus. Originally from the verb āreo (“to be dry, to be parched”), akin to ārdeō (“to be on fire, to burn”). Pronunciation: /ˈæɹɪd/, /ˈaɹɪd/, /ˈɛɚɪd/, /ˈaɾɪd/ 1. Very dry. Example: The cake was arid. 2. Describing a very dry climate. Typically defined as less than 25 cm or 10 inches of rainfall annually. Example: Deserts are known for being arid. Example: And because this part of Utah is arid, the geologic landscape is fully revealed with very little vegetation to hide it, faults and all. 3. Devoid of value. Labels: figuratively Example: The millionaire viewed his gift as arid. Example: Such occupations might have seemed arid to those who did not possess the intellect to appreciate their subtleties.
Word: assiduous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: A learned borrowing from Latin assiduus, from assidere (“to sit down to”), from ad- (“to”) + sedere (“to sit”). Compare sedulous. Cognate (via assidere) to assess. Pronunciation: /əˈsɪdjuːəs/, /əˈsɪd͡ʒuːəs/, /əˈsɪd͡ʒu.əs/ 1. Hard-working, diligent or regular (in attendance or work); industrious. Example: He was officious in the right time and place, quiet as a lamb when his patron seemed inclined to study or to muse, active and assiduous to assist or divert him whenever it seemed to be wished. Example: He died after three weeks' illness, during which Mrs. Penniman, as well as his daughter, had been assiduous at his bedside.
Word: asylum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin asylum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon). Pronunciation: /əˈsaɪləm/ 1. A place of safety or refuge. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: All the busy concerns of daily existence were utterly abhorrent to me. I loathed the sound of others' voices—I hated to be mixed up with their petty routine of ordinary cares; here was an asylum offered to me—here I might lay down all the offices of humanity, and dwell beside that grave whose rest was now my only desire. Example: The first resolution she could take, in the present flutter of her spirits, was to make the best of her way to London, where she thought she might find an asylum in the house of a female relation, married to an eminent physician, known by the name of Kawdle. 2. The protection, physical and legal, afforded by such a place (as, for example, for political refugees). Labels: uncountable Example: So lawyers started filing separate asylum requests for the children, arguing that reintegrating in countries they barely knew, after spending their childhood or adolescence in Belgium, would not only be impossible but would expose them to serious risks. 3. A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.
Word: asylum Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin asylum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon). Pronunciation: /əˈsaɪləm/ 1. to place in an asylum Labels: dated Example: It was she who in the last few years had spread abroad the notion that Charles Nagle, in the public interest, should be asylumed. 2. to grant protection or refuge Labels: dated Example: We have..sheltered its paupers, asylumed its orphans, clothed its nakedness.
Word: bourgeois Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Pronunciation: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/, /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/, /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/, /ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/, /bʊʒˈwɑː/ 1. Of or relating to the middle class (often derogatory), and their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values. Example: bourgeois opinion Example: It's impossible to tell the story of flamenco without talking about Lorca, who found in it a source of inspiration in a lifelong political-cultural-sexual struggle against bourgeois philistinism. 2. Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime. Labels: historical 3. Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat. Labels: Marxism
Word: bourgeois Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Pronunciation: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/, /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/, /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/, /ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/, /bʊʒˈwɑː/ 1. The middle class. Labels: collective, plural-normally, uncountable, usually 2. An individual member of the middle class. Labels: rare, uncountable, usually 3. A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes. Labels: derogatory, uncountable, usually 4. An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime. Labels: uncountable, usually 5. A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat. Labels: Marxism, uncountable, usually Example: Der Bourgeois sieht in seiner Frau ein bloßes Produktionsinstrument. Er hört, daß die Produktionsinstrumente gemeinschaftlich ausgebeutet werden sollen, und kann sich natürlich nichts anderes denken, als daß das Los der Gemeinschaftlichkeit die Weiber gleichfalls treffen wird. Example: Нет ничего характернее для буржуа, как перенесение черт современных порядков на все времена и народы.
Word: bourgeois Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Pronunciation: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/, /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/, /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/, /ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/, /bʊʒˈwɑː/ 1. To make bourgeois. Labels: transitive
Word: bourgeois Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (a city in France) + -ois (forming adjectives) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500. Pronunciation: /bəːˈdʒɔɪs/, /bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ 1. A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point. Labels: dated, uncountable
Word: browse Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English browsen, from Old French brouster, broster (“to nibble off buds, sprouts, and bark; browse”), from brost (“a sprout, shoot, bud”), from a Germanic source, perhaps Frankish *brust (“shoot, bud”), from Proto-Germanic *brustiz (“bud, shoot”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell, sprout”). Cognate with Bavarian Bross, Brosst (“a bud”), Old Saxon brustian (“to sprout”). Doublet of brut, breast, and brush. Pronunciation: /bɹaʊz/, /bɹæʊz/ 1. To scan, to casually look through in order to find items of interest, especially without knowledge of what to look for beforehand. Example: I'm just browsing around. Example: I stopped in several bookstores to browse. 2. To move about while sampling, such as with food or products on display. 3. To navigate through hyperlinked documents on a computer, usually with a browser. Labels: transitive Example: HyperText is a way to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will. 4. To move about while eating parts of plants, especially plants other than pasture, such as shrubs or trees. Labels: intransitive Example: Sheep ranged everywhere under the low cedars. They browsed with noses in the frost, and from all around came the tinkle of tiny bells on the curly-horned rams, and an endless variety of bleats. Example: Also, when planting to provide a source of browse for wintering deer and elk, protect seedlings from browsing during the first several years; an electric fence enclosure can offer effective protection. 5. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Labels: archaic Example: The fields between / Are dewy-fresh, brows'd by deep-udder'd kine, […] Example: “If fifteen cows is browsing on a hillside, how many of them eats with their heads pointed the same direction?”
Word: browse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English browsen, from Old French brouster, broster (“to nibble off buds, sprouts, and bark; browse”), from brost (“a sprout, shoot, bud”), from a Germanic source, perhaps Frankish *brust (“shoot, bud”), from Proto-Germanic *brustiz (“bud, shoot”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell, sprout”). Cognate with Bavarian Bross, Brosst (“a bud”), Old Saxon brustian (“to sprout”). Doublet of brut, breast, and brush. Pronunciation: /bɹaʊz/, /bɹæʊz/ 1. Young shoots and twigs. Labels: uncountable Example: And with their horned feet the greene gras wore, / The whiles their Gotes upon the brouzes fedd […] Example: Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, / On browz, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. 2. Fodder for cattle and other animals. Labels: uncountable Example: The Grand Canyon seems to us Mormons to mark the line. There's enough browse here to feed a hundred thousand cattle. But water's the thing. Example: Also, when planting to provide a source of browse for wintering deer and elk, protect seedlings from browsing during the first several years; an electric fence enclosure can offer effective protection. 3. The act of browsing through something. Labels: countable Example: I had a browse in the old bookshop. 4. That which one browses through; something to read. Labels: countable Example: Here he buried himself in a close-printed, thickish volume which had been his chosen browse for some time. 5. Bruised fish used as bait. Labels: Cornwall, uncountable Example: He cast in his hook-and-line, intending to take one fish only for his supper, from the multitude that always came around the rock on which he stood as soon as he cast in "browse" (garbage to attract fish).
Word: candor Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin candor (“brightness, whiteness”), from candeō (“to shine”). Pronunciation: /ˈkæn.də(ɹ)/, /ˈkæn.dɚ/, [ˈkɛən.dɚ], [ˈkɛːn.də(ɹ)], /ˈkɛn.də(ɹ)/ 1. The state of being sincere and open in speech; honesty in expression. Labels: US, uncountable, usually 2. Impartiality. Labels: US, uncountable, usually 3. Whiteness; brilliance; purity. Labels: US, obsolete, uncountable, usually Example: Whilst thou didst keep thy Candor undefil'd, Deerly I lov'd thee; as my first-born child[…]
Word: capricious Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French capricieux, from Italian capriccioso, from capriccio. By surface analysis, caprice + -ious. Pronunciation: /kəˈpɹɪʃəs/, /kəˈpɹiʃəs/ 1. Impulsive and unpredictable; determined by chance, impulse, or whim. Example: I almost died in a capricious winter storm. Example: Stringent rulers are unlikely to act capriciously.
Word: charlatan Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French charlatan, from Old Italian ciarlatano (“quack”), a blend of ciarlatore (“chatterer”) + cerretano (“hawker, quack”, literally “native of Cerreto”) (Cerreto di Spoleto being a village in Umbria, known for its quacks). Pronunciation: /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, /ˈʃɑːlətən/ 1. A mountebank, someone who addresses crowds in the street; (especially), an itinerant seller of medicines or drugs. Labels: obsolete Example: The poor foreigner, more dead than alive, answered that he was an Italian charlatan, who had practised with some reputation in Padua […]. 2. A malicious trickster; a fake person, especially one who deceives for personal profit. Example: “If there’s something you don’t understand,” urged Dr. Breed, “ask Dr. Horvath to explain it. He’s very good at explaining.” He turned to me. “Dr. Hoenikker used to say that any scientist who couldn’t explain to an eight-year-old what he was doing was a charlatan.” “Then I’m dumber than an eight-year-old,” Miss Pefko mourned. “I don’t even know what a charlatan is.” Example: That this disgraceful charlatan holds one of the great offices of state in this country should be a source of constant shame and embarrassment to the Prime Minister.
Word: circuitous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in 1664. From Latin circuitōsus, from circuitus, from circumeō (“to go around”), from circum (“around”) + eō (“to go”). By surface analysis, circuit + -ous. Pronunciation: /sɜːˈkjuːɪtəs/, /sɚˈkjuːətəs/, /sɚˈkjuːɪtəs/ 1. Not direct or to the point. 2. Being a long and winding route. Example: I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state of fear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed. And thus we came by a circuitous route to Mohair, the judge occupied by his own guilty thoughts, and I by others not less disturbing. Example: The train service on this circuitous route to the City was withdrawn during the 1914-1918 war, and never restored. The track between Addison Road and Ravenscourt Park was removed, and the site is now occupied by blocks of flats.
Word: cogent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French cogent, from Latin cōgēns, present active participle of cōgō (“drive together, compel”), from cō + agō (“drive”). Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊd͡ʒn̩t/, /ˈkoʊd͡ʒn̩t/ 1. Reasonable and convincing; based on evidence. Example: We congratulate our correspondents on some very cogent reasoning, and shall have to watch our step even more carefully in future! Example: Clearly, the mere fact that some Emergentists may in practice have made use of invented examples in testing their theories does not tell against any cogent general objections they may have offered to such practice. What is needed is a decision on the methodological point, not just a cry of “You did it too!”. 2. Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning. 3. Forcefully persuasive; relevant, pertinent. Example: The prosecution presented a cogent argument, convincing the jury of the defendant's guilt.
Word: congregation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English congregacioun, from Old French congregacion, from Latin congregātiō, itself from congregō (“to herd into a flock”). Adopted (1520s) by the English Bible translator William Tyndale, to render the Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “those called together, (popular) meeting”) (hence Latin ecclēsia) in his New Testament, and preferred by 16th century Reformers instead of church. By surface analysis, congregate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌkɒŋɡɹɪˈɡeɪʃən/, /ˌkɑŋɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ 1. The act of congregating or collecting together. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. It can also refer to the people who are present at a devotional service in the building, particularly in contrast to the pastor, minister, imam, rabbi etc. and/or choir, who may be seated apart from the general congregation or lead the service (notably in responsory form). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The critically low level of rainfall in the second half of 2020 – approaching 50% year on year for November – led the religious affairs directorate to instruct imams and their congregations to pray for rain last month. Example: In Hebrew, bonai shalom means “builders of peace,” and the congregation welcomes both Jews and non-Jews to participate in all aspects of the community. 3. A Roman Congregation, a main department of the Vatican administration of the Catholic Church. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A corporate body whose members gather for worship, or the members of such a body. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Any large gathering of people. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: During the wedding ( usually held on a Saturday ) , you and your committee sit on " facing benches ” before the rest of the congregation ( your guests ) . Everyone worships silently until you two feel that it's time to say your vows . 6. A flock of various birds, such as plovers or eagles. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: "Oh! I wasted most of my morning crawling to a murmuration of starlings, which I foolishly mistook for congregation of plover." 7. The main body of university staff, comprising academics, administrative staff, heads of colleges, etc. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable
Word: diminutive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Inherited from Middle English diminutif, derived from Old French diminutif, derived from Latin dīminutīv|us, ~a, ~um (adjective), from dīminūt|us, ~a, ~um (participle), perfect passive participle of dīmin|uō, ~uere, ~uī, ~ūtum (verb). First attested in 1398. Pronunciation: /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/, /dəˈmən.jə.təv/, /dɪˈmɪn.ju.ə.tɪv/ 1. Very small. Example: Mrs. Washington ("Oh, la, call me Martha, Boys") is a diminutive woman with a cheerful rather than happy air, who seems to bustle even when standing still.. Example: Roman Sharonov rose unchallenged to head a corner wide, while diminutive winger Gokdeniz Karadeniz ghosted in with a diving header from the edge of the six-yard box that was acrobatically kept out by Gomes. 2. Serving to diminish. Labels: obsolete Example: 1711, Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, 1714 edition republished by Gregg International Publishers, 1968, Volume 3, Miscellany 3, Chapter 2, p. 175, They cou’d, perhaps, even embrace POVERTY contentedly, rather than submit to any thing diminutive either of their inward Freedom or national Liberty. 3. Of or pertaining to, or creating a word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.
Word: diminutive Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English diminutif, derived from Old French diminutif, derived from Latin dīminutīv|us, ~a, ~um (adjective), from dīminūt|us, ~a, ~um (participle), perfect passive participle of dīmin|uō, ~uere, ~uī, ~ūtum (verb). First attested in 1398. Pronunciation: /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/, /dəˈmən.jə.təv/, /dɪˈmɪn.ju.ə.tɪv/ 1. A word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. Example: Booklet, the diminutive of book, means ‘small book’. Example: But I was frightfully fond of the universe and wanted to address it by a diminutive. I often did so; and it never seemed to mind. 2. The smallest, thinnest version of a traditional heraldic ordinary ("geometric shape on a shield"), often used to represent multiple instances of a charge or to modify a main, central, and larger charge; not itself modifiable.
Word: filibuster Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), from vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”). The alteration in the first syllable in French is due to the word's being somewhat conflated with vlieboot (“light, flat-bottomed cargo vessel with two or three masts”) when it was borrowed into French or another language from Dutch. The word is cognate and analogous to English freebooter. Pronunciation: /ˈfɪlɪbʌstə(ɹ)/, /ˈfɪləˌbəstər/, /ˈfɪləbʌstɚ/ 1. A mercenary soldier; a freebooter; specifically, a mercenary who travelled illegally in an organized group from the United States to a country in Central America or the Spanish West Indies in the mid-19th century seeking economic and political benefits through armed force. Labels: historical Example: These duties involved prodigious physical and mental exertion, in a climate deadly to Europeans. They also involved much voyaging in waters haunted by filibusters and buccaneers. But nothing appears to daunt Labat. As for the filibusters, he becomes their comrade and personal friend;—he even becomes their chaplain, and does not scruple to make excursions with them. Example: Mexico's War of Independence (1810–1821) encouraged an increase in the activity of filibusters in northern Mexico, particularly Texas. Spain's concentration on repressing independence movements within Mexico created opportunities for filibusters to seize control of its northern frontier regions. 2. A tactic (such as giving long, often irrelevant speeches) employed to delay the proceedings of, or the making of a decision by, a legislative body, particularly the United States Senate. Labels: US Example: No longer do filibustering Senators take the floor and speak until they are physically unable to filibuster any longer. Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture. Example: Then, last month, before the survey was finished and for reasons still unclear, the Democrats abruptly tried to attach a repeal of the law to the defence appropriations bill, a stratagem the Republicans defeated in a filibuster. 3. A member of a legislative body causing such an obstruction. Labels: US
Word: filibuster Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish filibustero (“pirate”), from French flibustier, ultimately from Dutch vrijbuiter (“freebooter”), from vrij (“free”) + buit (“booty”) + -er (“agent”). The alteration in the first syllable in French is due to the word's being somewhat conflated with vlieboot (“light, flat-bottomed cargo vessel with two or three masts”) when it was borrowed into French or another language from Dutch. The word is cognate and analogous to English freebooter. Pronunciation: /ˈfɪlɪbʌstə(ɹ)/, /ˈfɪləˌbəstər/, /ˈfɪləbʌstɚ/ 1. To take part in a private military action in a foreign country. Example: According to U.S. law, filibustering was a violation of the Neutrality Law of 1818, which prohibited the organization within the United States of any armed force that intended to attack a friendly foreign power. The American government attempted, through the enforcement of this law, to prevent its citizens from filibustering, mostly by preventing potential filibustering groups from organizing and collecting arms for future operations. 2. To use obstructionist tactics in a legislative body. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: But as the case had dragged on interminably, and he believed, and the world believed, and the Canadians themselves knew, that they intended to filibuster and postpone as long as possible, he took the common-sense way to a settlement. Example: 1901—Senator Carter successfully filibustered a river and harbor bill because it failed to include certain additional appropriations.
Word: dupe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French duper, from Middle French duppe, alteration of huppe (“hoopoe”), from Latin, onomatopoeic. Pronunciation: /dʒuːp/, /djuːp/, /duːp/ 1. A person who has been deceived. Example: It would vex me, indeed, to see you again the dupe of Miss Bingley's pretended regard. Example: I am responding to Allen Young's letter to the editor concerning two articles I wrote for GCN about my experiences in Cuba. The gist of Mr. Young's letter is that I am a commie dupe and the Cubans who shared there opinions and experiences with me were simply lying.
Word: dupe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From French duper, from Middle French duppe, alteration of huppe (“hoopoe”), from Latin, onomatopoeic. Pronunciation: /dʒuːp/, /djuːp/, /duːp/ 1. To swindle, deceive, or trick.
Word: dupe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of duplicate. Pronunciation: /dʒuːp/, /djuːp/, /duːp/ 1. A duplicate. Often: Labels: informal 2. A duplicate. Often: Labels: informal 3. A duplicate. Often: Labels: informal 4. A counterfeit; a fake, a (typically cheaper) copy (of some legitimate consumer product, design, etc). Labels: informal Example: TikTok could potentially be liable if lots of users are directing other users to the sales of dupes, she said, and she said if users have an affiliate relationship with the sellers of counterfeit goods, they could also potentially be liable. Example: The dupe lived up to expectation in our head-to-head review, where we concluded that Revolution’s affordable formula is a “perfectly worthy alternative that won’t see you digging too deep into your pocket.” 5. An unanticipated method or incident by which duplicates of in-game items are created; a duplication glitch. 6. An unanticipated method or incident by which duplicates of in-game items are created; a duplication glitch.
Word: dupe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Clipping of duplicate. Pronunciation: /dʒuːp/, /djuːp/, /duːp/ 1. To duplicate. Labels: transitive Example: Can you dupe this photo for me? Example: That night, a shaken camera operator dupes the tape and leaks a copy to the press.
Word: empirical Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From empiric + -al. Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/, /ɛmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ 1. Pertaining to or based on experience, as opposed to theory. Example: The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade. Example: For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test. 2. Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses. 3. Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation. Example: demonstrable with empirical evidence
Word: empirical Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From empiric + -al. Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/, /ɛmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ 1. A measurement or result achieved by empirical means.