nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: crank Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch or Low German krank, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *krank, from Proto-Germanic *krangaz, *krankaz (“bent; weak”). Cognate with Scots crank, krank, German krank (“sick”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷæŋk], /ˈkɹeɪ̯ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷeɪ̯ŋk] ~ /ˈkɹɛ̃ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷɛ̃ŋk] 1. An ailment, ache. Labels: dialectal 2. An ill-tempered or nasty person. Labels: informal Example: Billy-Bob is a nasty old crank! He chased my cat away. 3. A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim; 4. A fit of temper or passion. Example: Violent of temper; subject to sudden cranks. 5. A person who is considered strange or odd by others, and may behave in unconventional ways. Labels: UK, dated, informal Example: John is a crank because he talks to himself. Example: Persons whom the Americans since Guiteau’s trial have begun to designate as ‘cranks’—that is to say, persons of disordered mind, in whom the itch of notoriety supplies the lack of any higher ambition. 6. An amateur in science or other technical subjects who persistently advocates flawed theories. Labels: informal Example: That crank next door thinks he’s created cold fusion in his garage. 7. A baseball fan. Labels: archaic, slang 8. A sick person; an invalid. Labels: obsolete Example: Thou art a counterfeit crank, a cheater.
Word: crank Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English crank, cronk, from a shortening of Old English crancstæf (“weaving tool, crank”, literally “bent or crooked staff”), the first element ultimately related to Etymology 1 above. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷæŋk], /ˈkɹeɪ̯ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷeɪ̯ŋk] ~ /ˈkɹɛ̃ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷɛ̃ŋk] 1. A bent piece of an axle or shaft, or an attached arm perpendicular, or nearly so, to the end of a shaft or wheel, used to impart a rotation to a wheel or other mechanical device; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. Example: I grind my coffee by hand with a coffee grinder with a crank handle. 2. A bent piece of an axle or shaft, or an attached arm perpendicular, or nearly so, to the end of a shaft or wheel, used to impart a rotation to a wheel or other mechanical device; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping 3. The act of converting power into motion, by turning a crankshaft. Example: Yes, a crank was all it needed to start. Example: Give it a forceful crank. 4. Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a passage. Labels: archaic Example: So many turning cranks these have, so many crooks. 5. Synonym of methamphetamine. Labels: US, slang Example: Danny got abscesses from shooting all that bathtub crank. 6. A twist or turn in speech; word play consisting in a change of the form or meaning of a word. Labels: rare Example: Quips and Cranks, and wanton Wiles, 7. The penis. Labels: slang Example: It was going to be hard not to blow with a girl like her sucking on his crank.
Word: crank Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English crank, cronk, from a shortening of Old English crancstæf (“weaving tool, crank”, literally “bent or crooked staff”), the first element ultimately related to Etymology 1 above. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷæŋk], /ˈkɹeɪ̯ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷeɪ̯ŋk] ~ /ˈkɹɛ̃ŋk/, [ˈkʰɹʷɛ̃ŋk] 1. To turn by means of a crank. Labels: transitive Example: Motorists had to crank their engine by hand. 2. To turn a crank. Labels: intransitive Example: He's been cranking all day and yet it refuses to crank. 3. To turn. Labels: intransitive Example: He's been cranking all day and yet it refuses to crank. 4. To cause to spin via other means, as though turned by a crank. Labels: transitive Example: I turn the key and crank the engine; yet it doesn't turn over Example: Crank it up! 5. To act in a cranky manner; to behave unreasonably and irritably, especially through complaining. Labels: intransitive Example: Quit cranking about your spilt milk! 6. To be running at a high level of output or effort. Labels: intransitive Example: By one hour into the shift, the boys were really cranking. Example: Better computers use variable speed fans so they run at top speed only when the computer is really cranking 7. To run with a winding course; to double; to crook; to wind and turn. Labels: dated, intransitive Example: See how this river comes me cranking in.
Word: Blarney Stone Part of Speech: name 1. A stone set into the upper wall of Blarney Castle in Ireland, which if kissed is supposed to bestow the gift of the gab or blarney.
Word: fetlock Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fitlokes, feetlakkes pl, taken to be foot + lock (“tuft of hair”) but actually a misdivision of Old English -oc. Cognate with Middle Low German fitlok, fitlock (“fetlock”), Dutch vitlok, vittelokke, vitslok, German Fissloch, Fisloch, Fislach (“fetlock; pastern”). 1. A joint of the horse's leg below the knee or hock and above the hoof. Example: It was the better part of a mile wide, but save for some fathoms in the middle, where the Sker current ran, it was no deeper even at flood than a horse's fetlocks. 2. The tuft of hair that grows at this joint.
Word: succession Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English [Term?], from Old French succession, from Latin successiō (noun). Pronunciation: /səkˈsɛʃ.ən/ 1. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In 1958, it was reported that for "the fourth year in succession, staff of four South London stations have combined to decorate the booking hall at Peckham Rye station". They installed a nativity scene, models of Father Christmas, and a sleigh driven by huskies, and Christmas trees were placed around the station. 2. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Villa spent most of the second period probing from wide areas and had a succession of corners but despite their profligacy they will be glad to overturn the 6-0 hammering they suffered at St James' Park in August following former boss Martin O'Neill's departure Example: England gave away six penalties in the first 15 minutes and were lucky to still have 15 men on the pitch, but Kvirikashvili missed two very makeable penalties in quick succession as Georgia were unable to take advantage of significant territorial advantage. 3. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable 4. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable 5. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable 6. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable 7. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, uncountable 8. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, historical, uncountable 9. An act, process, or instance of succeeding: Labels: countable, obsolete, rare, uncountable Example: long descent of Kings , whose names only for many successions without other memory stand thus register'd
Word: craps Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Louisiana Creole craps, a corruption of English crabs. Pronunciation: /kɹæps/ 1. A game of gambling, or chance, where the players throw dice to make scores and avoid crap. Labels: plural, plural-only Example: “As an inventor,” Bob Mason suggested, “you're a howling success at shooting craps ! If I were as free of spavins, ringbone, saddle-galls, and splints as you are, I'd have that nanny-goat in here, hog-tie her, flop her and let the boy help himself. […]” Example: What's the haps on the craps?
Word: craps Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Plural of crap. Pronunciation: /kɹæps/ 1. plural of crap Labels: form-of, plural 2. (preceded by the) diarrhea Labels: slang, vulgar
Word: craps Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Verb form of crap. Pronunciation: /kɹæps/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of crap Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: baptism by fire Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the Bible, Matthew 3:11, John the Baptist said... "and He shall baptize you in the Holy Spirit and in fire." 1. A rite of passage through the survival or success of a crisis or ordeal. Example: The new folks really get put through a baptism by fire, to start doing a stressful job with so little training.
Word: film noir Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French film noir (“dark film”, literally “black film”), attributed to French film critic Nino Frank (1946). 1. A film genre characterized by low-key lighting, a bleak urban setting, and corrupt, cynical or desperate characters. Labels: uncountable Example: During this period his own films were being studied alongside classic film noir together with European arthouse cinema and the works of directors from around the world. 2. An individual film in this genre. Labels: countable
Word: fibroblast Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fibro- + -blast. Pronunciation: /ˈfaɪ.brəˌblɑːst/, /ˈfaɪ.brəʊˌblɑːst/, /ˈfaɪ.brəˌblæst/, /ˈfaɪ.broʊˌblæst/ 1. A cell found in connective tissue that produces fibers, such as collagen.
Word: crematory Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From cremate + -ory. 1. Pertaining to the act of cremating bodies. Labels: not-comparable
Word: crematory Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cremate + -ory. 1. The establishment or furnace that cremates bodies.
Word: Zairean Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Zaire + -an. Pronunciation: /zaɪˈɪəɹiən/, /zɑːˈɪəɹiən/, /zaɪˈɪ(ə)ɹiən/, /zɑˈɪ(ə)ɹiən/ 1. A person from Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Word: Zairean Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Zaire + -an. Pronunciation: /zaɪˈɪəɹiən/, /zɑːˈɪəɹiən/, /zaɪˈɪ(ə)ɹiən/, /zɑˈɪ(ə)ɹiən/ 1. Relating to Zaire. Labels: not-comparable
Word: Zairian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English Zaire Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Zairian From Zaire + -ian. 1. Alternative spelling of Zairean. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Zairian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English Zaire Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Zairian From Zaire + -ian. 1. Alternative spelling of Zairean. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: osteocyte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon)der. English osteo- Ancient Greek κῠ́τος (kŭ́tos)der. Latin cytader. English -cyte English osteocyte From osteo- (“bone”) + -cyte (“cell”). 1. A mature bone cell involved with the maintenance of bone.
Word: zeppelin Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative letter-case form of Zeppelin. Labels: alt-of
Word: endomysium Part of Speech: noun 1. a layer of connective tissue which surrounds individual muscle fibers
Word: perimysium Part of Speech: noun 1. A layer of connective tissue which surrounds several muscle fibers into bundles
Word: epimysium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi Proto-Hellenic *epí Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí) Ancient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)der. English epi- Proto-Indo-European *múHs Proto-Hellenic *mū́s Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs) Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Italic *-om Latin -umder. English -ium English epimysium From epi- + Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs) + English -ium. 1. a layer of connective tissue which surrounds individual muscles
Word: sidetrack Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From side + track. Pronunciation: /ˈsaɪdˌtɹæk/ 1. A second, relatively short length of track just to the side of a railroad track, joined to the main track by switches at one or both ends, used either for unloading freight, or to allow two trains on a same track to meet (opposite directions) or pass (same direction); a railroad siding. 2. Any auxiliary railroad track, as differentiated from a siding, that runs adjacent to the main track. Labels: sometimes 3. A smaller tunnel or well drilled as an auxiliary off a main tunnel or well. 4. An alternate train of thought, issue, topic, or activity, that is a deviation or distraction from the topic at hand or central activity, and secondary or subordinate in importance or effectiveness. Example: Stay focused on the story; you keep getting lost in all of these little sidetracks. Example: "However, I am down a side-track. What I wanted to say to you is that you must not take Bolsover's little spirit circus too seriously."
Word: sidetrack Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From side + track. Pronunciation: /ˈsaɪdˌtɹæk/ 1. To divert (a locomotive or train) on to a lesser used track in order to allow other trains to pass. Example: It was just after 5 p.m.; would the non-stop "Capitals Limited" come up next? It was due in at 5.30 and other trains are often side-tracked in its favour. Example: Two westbound freights were in the vicinity and the operator was kept busy passing them radio messages with the latest information on the late running of the streamliners, to allow the enginemen to keep moving until the last possible minute before they had to sidetrack their trains to let the fast trains overtake. 2. To divert or distract (someone) from a main issue or course of action with an alternate or less relevant topic or activity; or, to use deliberate trickery or sly wordplay when talking to (a person) in order to avoid discussion of a subject. Example: Sorry I'm late. I got sidetracked helping my friend move some furniture. Example: The politician sidetracked the reporter with a story about duck hunting instead of a direct response to the question that was asked. 3. To sideline; to push aside; to divert or distract from, reducing (something) to a secondary or subordinate position. Example: The project was sidetracked in favor of a more popular program. Example: He has sidetracked this debate for far too long. 4. To deviate briefly from the topic at hand. Labels: intransitive Example: Just to sidetrack a little bit from the subject I will explain my reasoning. Example: To sidetrack for a moment, let me commend this team for their outstanding efforts.
Word: perve Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of perv. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: perve Part of Speech: verb 1. Alternative form of perv. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: resize Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re-der. Old French re-bor. Middle English re- English re- English size English resize From re- + size. 1. To alter the size of something. Labels: transitive 2. To change in size. Labels: intransitive
Word: resize Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re-der. Old French re-bor. Middle English re- English re- English size English resize From re- + size. 1. An operation that changes the size of something.
Word: resize Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re-der. Old French re-bor. Middle English re- English re- English size English resize From re- + size. 1. To size (apply glue or other primer to a surface) again. Labels: transitive Example: If the chemicals are too strong, or the sheets remain too long in the bath, or are not thoroughly cleansed from the bleach before they are re-sized, the certain seeds of decay are planted in the paper, and [...] in the course of a few years the enemy will appear, the fibre will decay, and the existence of the books will terminate in a state of white tinder.
Word: easily Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English esiliche, equivalent to easy + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈiː.zɪ.li/, /ˈiːz.li/, /ˈi.zɪ.li/, /ˈi.zə.li/ 1. Comfortably, without discomfort or anxiety. Example: Eftsoones she causd him vp to be conuayd, / And of his armes despoyled easily […] Example: Why this already very fast train should be speeded up still further, when none of the other more easily timed S.R. West of England trains has a single minute pared from its schedule, is unexplained - unless this is a playful dig at the Western Region, most of whose expresses, by reason of additional stops, will be decelerated from the same date. 2. Without difficulty. Example: Individuals without a family network are easily controlled. Example: He could have easily phoned and told us he'd be late. 3. Absolutely, without question. Labels: colloquial, not-comparable Example: This is easily the best meal I have eaten. 4. More quickly or likely than is usual or expected. Example: not easily offended Example: I get distracted very easily.
Word: pinkeye Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From pink + eye. 1. A highly contagious form of conjunctivitis. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: tv Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /tiviː/, /tivi/ 1. Alternative form of TV. Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable Example: The fantasy trilogy hasn’t disappeared; it has gained momentum and in some instances become a dodecalogy, and the material of modern fantasy has spread from print to subway graffiti, role-playing games, film, tv, and online culture. Example: Besides, I’m not a tv presenter, but a writer, in case you haven’t noticed.
Word: ultimo Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in 1582; from Latin ultimō (elliptically for ultimō diē or ultimō mēnse), masculine ablative singular form of ultimus (“last”); cognate with Dutch ultimo, the German ultimo, the Swedish ultimo, etc. Pronunciation: /ˈʌltɪməʊ/ 1. On the last day (of a specified month). Labels: not-comparable, obsolete
Word: ultimo Part of Speech: adv Etymology: First attested in 1582; from Latin ultimō (elliptically for ultimō diē or ultimō mēnse), masculine ablative singular form of ultimus (“last”); cognate with Dutch ultimo, the German ultimo, the Swedish ultimo, etc. Pronunciation: /ˈʌltɪməʊ/ 1. Of last month. Labels: not-comparable Example: I receivd your favour of the 18th Ultimo in due time & beg pardon for not having answerd it before.
Word: ultimo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First attested in 1622; from either the Italian ultimo, or the Portuguese último, or the Spanish ultimo; compare ultime. Pronunciation: /ˈʌltɪməʊ/ 1. = The ultimum; the final, ultimate point of a sequence. Labels: no-plural, obsolete, rare
Word: frequently Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English frequent Middle English -ly English -ly English frequently From frequent + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiː.kwənt.li/ 1. At frequent intervals. Example: This question arises frequently. Example: He was enrolled but frequently didn't attend class. 2. For infinitely many terms of the sequence.
Word: cartilage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French cartilage, from Latin cartilāgō. Partially displaced native gristle, from Old English gristel. Pronunciation: /ˈkɑː.tɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/, /ˈkɑːt.lɪd͡ʒ/, /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/, /ˈkɑɹt.lɪd͡ʒ/ 1. A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates. Labels: uncountable 2. A particular structure made of cartilage. Labels: countable
Word: dietary fiber Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of dietary fibre. Labels: US, alt-of, alternative, uncountable
Word: azo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (ă-) Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti Proto-Hellenic *gʷyṓw-ō Proto-Hellenic *ďṓwō Ancient Greek ζώω (zṓō) Ancient Greek ζῶ (zô) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek ζωή (zōḗ) French azotebor. English azote English azo- From azote (“nitrogen”) Pronunciation: /eɪ.zə(ʊ)/, /æz.oʊ/, /æz.ə/ 1. Containing nitrogen especially as the divalent group N=N. Labels: morpheme Example: azine 2. Containing aluminum-doped zinc oxide. Labels: morpheme
Word: chloro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Hellenic *kʰlōrós Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós) English chloro- From Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”). Pronunciation: /ˈklɔːɹəʊ/, /ˈklɔːɹoʊ/ 1. green in color. Labels: morpheme 2. Containing chlorine. Labels: morpheme
Word: cephalo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: From Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ). Pronunciation: /ˈsɛ.fə.loʊ/, /ˈsɛ.fə.lə/ 1. Relating to the head; sometimes, particularly, the brain. Labels: morpheme Example: Meronym: encephalo-
Word: deoxy- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin dē-der. English de- Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.? Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ς (oxŭ́s)bor. English oxy- English deoxy- From de- + oxy-. 1. Formally derived from another compound by the replacement of a hydroxy group by a hydrogen atom Labels: morpheme
Word: 'sarvo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From (thi)s + arvo (“afternoon”). 1. Contraction of this arvo (“this afternoon”). Labels: Australia, abbreviation, alt-of, contraction, slang, uncountable
Word: dichloro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwi- Proto-Hellenic *dwi- Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-)bor. Latin di-bor. English di- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Hellenic *kʰlōrós Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós) English chloro- English dichloro- From di- + chloro-. 1. containing two chlorine atoms Labels: morpheme
Word: sarvo Part of Speech: noun 1. Contraction of this arvo (“this afternoon”). Labels: Australia, abbreviation, alt-of, contraction, uncountable
Word: dinitro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwi- Proto-Hellenic *dwi- Ancient Greek δῐ- (dĭ-)bor. Latin di-bor. English di- English nitro English dinitro- From di- + nitro. 1. containing two nitro groups (-NO₂) Labels: morpheme
Word: histo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Ancient Greek ῐ̔στός (hĭstós)bor. English histo- Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῐ̔στός (hĭstós, “web, tissue”). Unrelated to English history. 1. tissue Labels: morpheme
Word: benzo- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Arabic لُبَان (lubān) Proto-Indo-European *yew- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *yéwos Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas Sanskrit यव (yava)bor.? Proto-Austronesian *zawa Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zawader.? Old Javanese jawa Old Javanese -i Old Javanese Jawi Javanese ꦗꦮꦶ (jawi)der. Arabic جَاوَة (jāwa) Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Semitic Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) Arabic جَاوِيّ (jāwiyy) Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy)bor. Catalan benjuíder. Middle French benjoinder. English benzoin English benzo- From benzoin. Pronunciation: /bɛn.zə(ʊ)/, /bɛn.zoʊ/, /bɛn.zə/ 1. Related to benzene or benzoic acid. Labels: morpheme Example: benzodiazepine, benzoyl
Word: arterio- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā)bor. Latin artēria Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (ărtērĭ́ā) English arteri- Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English arterio- From arteri- + -o-. 1. Alternative form of arteri-. Labels: alt-of, alternative, morpheme
Word: cyto- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “container, receptacle”). 1. cell. Labels: morpheme Example: cyto- + pathology → cytopathology
Word: arthro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-der. Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-trom Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́ρθρον (ắrthron)der. New Latinder. English arthro- From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint”). By surface analysis, arthr- + -o-. 1. articulation = joint (as for example in arthroplasty). Labels: morpheme 2. articulation = speech (as for example in dysarthrophonia). Labels: morpheme
Word: aceto- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: From Latin acētum (“vinegar”), because acetic acid is a constituent of vinegar. 1. Containing a methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group (CH₃CO-); e.g., acetophenone Labels: morpheme
Word: acquiescent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin acquiescens (present participle of acquiēscō). Pronunciation: /æˈkwi.ɛsn̩t/ 1. Willing to acquiesce, accept or agree to something without objection, protest or resistance. Example: This view is reflected in the novelist's stock portrait of the white-man-in-exile's dusky mistress; an acquiescent shadow, who comes to life only if thrown aside, when, sinister and vindictive, she is ready with the wasting poison. Example: The third role, acquiescent was mostly identified in the interviews when students highlighted their willingness to accept suggested placements [...] and stressed that they could adapt to given conditions... 2. Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit. Example: an acquiescent policy
Word: organelle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-der. Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon)bor. Latin organumder. Old French organebor. Middle English organe English organ English -elle English organelle From organ + -elle. Pronunciation: /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/ 1. A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles). Example: Like organelles within a single cell, whole new specializations began to develop. Example: The close analogies between DNA-containing eukaryotic cell organelles and microbial symbionts require revision of classic cell theory, wrote Scwemmler and Schenk (1980) on introducing the field of endocytobiology.
Word: monocyte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German Monozyt. 1. A type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that differentiates into a macrophage.
Word: putting Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From put + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈpʊtɪŋ/, [ˈpʰʊtɪŋ], [ˈpʰʊɾɪŋ] 1. present participle and gerund of put Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: putting Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From put + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈpʊtɪŋ/, [ˈpʰʊtɪŋ], [ˈpʰʊɾɪŋ] 1. Instigation or incitement; enticement. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: ...and then if there be a putting in fear alſo, the clergy is ouſted in all the caſes mentiond in this ſtatute. 2. The action or result of the verb put. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: putting Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From putt + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈpʌtɪŋ/, [ˈpʰʌtɪŋ] 1. present participle and gerund of putt Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: putting Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From putt + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈpʌtɪŋ/, [ˈpʰʌtɪŋ] 1. The action of the verb to putt. Labels: uncountable, usually 2. A variety of golf in which balls are tapped into holes over short distances using a putter. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: lymphocyte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English lympho- Ancient Greek κῠ́τος (kŭ́tos)der. Latin cytader. English -cyte English lymphocyte From lympho- + -cyte. 1. Any of several types of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells.
Word: antibody Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From anti- + body, a calque of German Antikörper. Pronunciation: /ˈæn.tiˌbɒd.i/, /ˈæn.tɪˌbɒd.i/, /ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.di/, [ˈæn.tɪˌbɑ.ɾi], [ˈɛən.tɪˌbɑ.ɾi] 1. A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen. Example: It’s estimated only 0.1% of antibodies circulating in the bloodstream enter the brain – this also includes the therapeutic antibodies currently used in clinical trials. An approach my team is taking is to use ultrasound to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier, which increases the uptake of Alzheimer’s drugs or antibody fragments.
Word: antigen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French antigène, from anti- + gène. 1. A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign (nonself) but not always so.
Word: termagant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: PIE word *tréyes The noun is derived from Termagant (“fictitious deity with a violent temperament represented as being worshipped by Muslims or other non-Christians”), from Middle English Termagaunt (“fictitious deity represented as being worshipped by Muslims; any pagan god”), from Anglo-Norman Tervagant, Tervagaunt, Tervagan, and Old French Tervagant, Tervagan (possibly with the addition of Anglo-Norman -aunt, Old French -ant (suffix forming present participles of verbs, some of which were used as nouns); modern French Tervagant (historical)); further etymology uncertain, one common suggestion being that it is from Latin ter (“three times, thrice”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”)) + vagāns (“rambling, wandering”) (the present active participle of vagor (“to ramble, roam, wander”), from vagus (“rambling, roaming, wandering”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hwogos) + -or (inflected form of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)). Medieval French chansons de geste named Termagant as one of three deities supposedly worshipped by Muslims, the others being Apollin and Mahound, and the name may allude to the wandering of the moon (the crescent moon being a common symbol of Islam) in the form of the mythological goddesses Selene in heaven, Diana on earth, and Proserpina in the underworld. The reason for the shift in meaning from the fictitious deity to a brawling and turbulent person is unclear. The adjective is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈtɜːməɡ(ə)nt/, /ˈtɜɹməɡənt/ 1. A brawling, boisterous, and turbulent person or thing. Labels: archaic Example: […] I do not find hovv his E[xcellenc]y can be juſtly cenſured for favouring none but High-Church, High-flyers, Termagants, Laudiſts, Sacheverellians, Tip-top-gallon-men, Jacobites, Tantivyes, Anti-Hannoverians, Friends to Popery and the Pretender, and to Arbitrary Povver, […] Example: [T]wo raw lads from a certain great manufacturing town […] were in the act of seeking for the speediest exit from the gardens; rather choosing to resign their share of the dinner, than to abide the farther consequences that might follow from the displeasure of his Highland Termagaunt. 2. A censorious, nagging, and quarrelsome woman; a scold, a shrew. Labels: derogatory, specifically Example: They [authors] would not suffer the stout'st Dame, / To swear by Hercules his Name, / Make feeble Ladies, in their Works, / To fight like Termagants and Turks; […] Example: This Girl is ſo exceſſively ill-bred, and ſuch an arrant Termagant, that I cou'd as ſoon fall in love vvith a Tigreſs. She hath a handſom Face, 'tis true, but in her Temper ſhe is a very Fury.
Word: termagant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: PIE word *tréyes The noun is derived from Termagant (“fictitious deity with a violent temperament represented as being worshipped by Muslims or other non-Christians”), from Middle English Termagaunt (“fictitious deity represented as being worshipped by Muslims; any pagan god”), from Anglo-Norman Tervagant, Tervagaunt, Tervagan, and Old French Tervagant, Tervagan (possibly with the addition of Anglo-Norman -aunt, Old French -ant (suffix forming present participles of verbs, some of which were used as nouns); modern French Tervagant (historical)); further etymology uncertain, one common suggestion being that it is from Latin ter (“three times, thrice”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”)) + vagāns (“rambling, wandering”) (the present active participle of vagor (“to ramble, roam, wander”), from vagus (“rambling, roaming, wandering”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hwogos) + -or (inflected form of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)). Medieval French chansons de geste named Termagant as one of three deities supposedly worshipped by Muslims, the others being Apollin and Mahound, and the name may allude to the wandering of the moon (the crescent moon being a common symbol of Islam) in the form of the mythological goddesses Selene in heaven, Diana on earth, and Proserpina in the underworld. The reason for the shift in meaning from the fictitious deity to a brawling and turbulent person is unclear. The adjective is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈtɜːməɡ(ə)nt/, /ˈtɜɹməɡənt/ 1. Having the temperament of a termagant (noun sense 1); bad-tempered, brawling, boisterous, turbulent. Labels: archaic Example: [R]idiculous ſenſeles ſentences, finicall, flaunting phraſes, and termagant inkhorne tearmes throughout his booke, […] Example: O Cupid vvhat a Termagant tyrant art thou / Over poore ſubjects of ſixteene! There is not one / Among a hundred of thoſe tickliſh Trifles / But is more taken vvith a Toy at ſixteene / Then ſix and tvventy: […] 2. Of a woman, her behaviour, etc.: censorious, nagging, and quarrelsome; scolding, shrewish. Labels: derogatory, specifically Example: [F]earing his Father ſhould knovv of it, and his VVife, vvho is a Termagant Lady: but vvhen he finds the Coaſt is clear, and his late ruffling knovvn to none but you, he vvill be drunk vvith joy. Example: But this Lady is ſo Termagant an Empreſs! and he ſo ſubmiſſive, ſo tame, ſo led a Keeper, and as proud of his Slavery, as a French man: I am confident he dares not find her falſe, for fear of a quarrel vvith her; […]
Word: echidna Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Coined in scientific literature around 1811. Probably from Ancient Greek ἔχιδνα (ékhidna, “snake, viper”) via Latin echidna. Compare ἐχῖνος (ekhînos, “hedgehog, etc.”). However, this sense is problematic (unless it is a reference to the ant-eating tongue). The name perhaps belongs to Latin echinus (“sea urchin, hedgehog”) from the aforementioned Ancient Greek term's alternate sense of "sea-urchin" (also "sharp points"), which Watkins explains as "snake-eater", from ἔχις (ékhis, “snake”), though it may actually be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰis (“hedgehog, hedgehog-like animals”). The 1810 Encyclopaedia Britannica deduces thus the animal's alternative name as "porcupine ant-eater". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, the name refers to Echidna as the name of a serpent-nymph in Greek mythology, "a beautiful woman in the upper part of her body; but instead of legs and feet, she had from the waist downward, the form of a serpent", in which case the animal was named for its mixed features (early naturalists doubted whether it was a mammal or amphibian). Ultimately, the etymology may be from a synthesis of all the roots above. (From OED.) Pronunciation: /əˈkɪdnə/ 1. Any of the species of small spined monotremes in the family Tachyglossidae, the four extant species of which are found in Australia and southern New Guinea.
Word: Bath Oliver Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The biscuit was invented by William Oliver (1695–1764), an English physician from Bath, Somerset, around 1750. 1. A hard dry biscuit made from flour, butter, yeast and milk; often eaten with cheese.
Word: plastered Part of Speech: adj 1. Coated with plaster. Example: The old home had plastered walls rather than drywall. 2. Drunk, intoxicated. Labels: slang Example: The only way he could deal with the grief following his wife's death was to get so plastered that he passed out. Example: Every Monday morning my boss would come in plastered, with a squash about 50 pounds in size.
Word: plastered Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of plaster Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: anodyne Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English anodine, from Medieval Latin anōdynos (“stilling or relieving pain”), from Ancient Greek ἀνώδυνος (anṓdunos, “free from pain”), from ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”). Adjective sense “noncontentious” probably through French anodin (“harmless, trivial”), of same origin. Pronunciation: /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/ 1. Capable of soothing or eliminating pain. Example: Many a time has the vapor of ether been inhaled for the relief of oppressed lungs; many a time has the sought relief been thus obtained; and just so many times has the discovery of the wonderful anodyne properties of this gas, as affecting all bodily suffering, been brushed past and overlooked. Example: The citrate is the most efficient as an alkali, but irritates some stomachs, the liquor the most anodyne, the acetate the most diuretic. 2. Soothing or relaxing. Labels: figuratively Example: Classical music is rather anodyne. 3. Noncontentious, blandly agreeable, unlikely to cause offence or debate. Labels: broadly Example: Near-synonyms: harmless, neutral Example: It all became so routine, so anodyne, so dull.
Word: anodyne Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English anodine, from Medieval Latin anōdynos (“stilling or relieving pain”), from Ancient Greek ἀνώδυνος (anṓdunos, “free from pain”), from ἀν- (an-, “without”) + ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”). Adjective sense “noncontentious” probably through French anodin (“harmless, trivial”), of same origin. Pronunciation: /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/ 1. Any medicine or other agent that relieves pain. 2. A source of relaxation or comfort. Labels: figuratively Example: Nor do I mean to say that Virtue is not Virtue because it is never tempted to go astray; only that dulness is a much finer gift than we give it credit for being; and that some people are very lucky whom Nature has endowed with a good store of that great anodyne. Example: The air was heavy with the perfume of the flowers, and their beauty seemed to bring him an anodyne for his pain.
Word: pinata Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of piñata. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: pinata Part of Speech: verb 1. Alternative form of piñata. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: paracetamol Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Contraction of para-acetylaminophenol. Pronunciation: /ˌpæ.ɹəˈsɛt.əm.ɒl/, /pæ.ɹəˈsiː.təm.ɒl/, /ˌpɛɹ.əˈsiː.təˌmɔl/ 1. A synthetic compound used as a drug to relieve and reduce fever, usually taken in tablet form. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: So you know, we have a good case with an increasing body of evidence, supported by a trifecta of research from human epidemiology, animal and in vitro studies, which suggests that prenatal acetaminophen or paracetamol might alter fetal development, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Word: acetaminophen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Shortening of the chemical name para-acetylaminophenol. By surface analysis, acet- + amino- + -phen. Pronunciation: /əˌsitəˈmɪnəfən/ 1. A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever. Labels: Canada, US Example: You need to take acetaminophen / Or just a little aspirin / acetylsalicylic for the pain Example: “I [have] actually witnessed a resident have to be taken to the emergency room because of acetaminophen toxicity,” Lee recalls. “I was pushed to find a solution because I wanted to help the residents who I volunteer for.”
Word: dusty plasma Part of Speech: noun 1. A plasma containing particles larger than the ions of the plasma; typically manufactured plastic microspheres. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: -plast Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Hellenic *plátʰyō Proto-Hellenic *pláťťō? Ancient Greek πλᾰ́σσω (plắssō) Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Hellenic *-tós Ancient Greek -τός (-tós) Ancient Greek πλᾰστός (plăstós)der. English -plast Derived from Ancient Greek πλᾰστός (plăstós, “molded, formed”). Pronunciation: /plæst/ 1. A small body, structure, particle, or granule, especially of living matter. Labels: morpheme 2. A plastid. Labels: morpheme
Word: pietà Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian pietà. Doublet of piety, and pity. 1. A sculpture or painting of the Virgin Mary holding and mourning the dead body of Jesus. Example: Two ladies were already in the cloister chapel, with a gentleman. As Kitty and her friend entered, these persons had just finished their inspection of the damaged but most beautiful "Pietà" which hangs over the altar, and their faces were towards the entrance. Example: Whereas Beuys's early sculptural work was consciously formed within a modernized version of the stylized Romanesque tradition of art, frequently with a Christian content such as crucifixions or pietàs, he gradually was able to free himself from this more traditional approach.
Word: piazza Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian piazza. Doublet of piatza, place, and plaza. Pronunciation: /piˈæt.sə/, /piˈæ.zə/ 1. A public square, especially in Italian cities. Example: Incidentally, the yard in front of the Granary, now a lovely piazza, was once a canal basin that had been filled in decades before. 2. A veranda; a porch. Labels: New-England, US, dated, dialectal, especially Example: Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path[…]. It twisted and turned,[…]and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights. 3. A roofed gallery or arcade (for example around a public square or in front of a building). Labels: UK
Word: wily Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English wily, wiley, wyly. By surface analysis, wil(e) + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈwaɪ.li/ 1. Sly, cunning, full of tricks. Example: Horatio's new girlfriend is a wily coquette, and poor Horatio is too smitten to see it. Example: Of all the medical monsters Peter Hotez could have set out to slay, the Yale University researcher could not have chosen a more wily and obscure villain than the hookworm.
Word: scally Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Abbreviation of scallywag. Pronunciation: /ˈskæli/ 1. A rascal or miscreant, a scallywag. Labels: derogatory 2. A jobless yob who has little or no education, often associated with antisocial behaviour and crime. Labels: Northern-England, derogatory, especially 3. A flat cap or driving cap.
Word: Valkyrie Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The proper noun Valkyries was attested before the common noun valkyries. See the entry valkyrie for more. 1. Alternative spelling of valkyrie. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: stifle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The verb is derived from Late Middle English stuflen (“to have difficulty breathing due to heat, stifle; to suffocate by drowning, drown”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain. Also found in Middle English forstyflyd (“stifled, choked”, past participle). Perhaps derived from Middle English stuffen (“to kill by suffocation; to stifle from heat; to extinguish, suppress (body heat, breath, humour, etc.); to deprive a plant of the conditions necessary for growth, choke”) + -len (frequentative suffix). Stuffen is derived from Old French estofer, estouffer (“to choke, strangle, suffocate; (figuratively) to inhibit, prevent”) [and other forms] (modern French étouffer), a variant of estoper, estuper (“to block, plug, stop up; to stiffen, thicken”) (modern French étouper (“to caulk”)), influenced by estofer (“to pad, stuff; to upholster”) (modern French étoffer). Estoper is derived from Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) (as a stuffing material; from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē) (compare στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)); probably from Pre-Greek) + -āre. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a derivation from Old Norse stífla (“to dam; to choke, stop up”) “appears untenable on the ground both of form and sense”. The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /ˈstaɪfl̩/, /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ 1. An act or state of being stifled. Labels: rare
Word: stifle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)). The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈstaɪfl̩/, /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ 1. The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans. 2. A bone disease of this region.
Word: stifle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)). The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈstaɪfl̩/, /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ 1. To cause (a dog, horse, or other four-legged mammal) to dislocate or sprain its stifle joint. Labels: transitive
Word: dowry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English dowarye, dowerie, from Anglo-Norman dowarie, douarie, from Old French douaire, from Medieval Latin dōtārium, from Latin dōs. Doublet of dower. Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊəɹi/, /ˈdaʊɹi/ 1. Payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Payment by the groom or his family to the bride's family. Labels: countable, uncommon, uncountable Example: The family of the groom makes sure the new couple has a house to live in and land to cultivate; they will also pay for the dowry (crucial, for without dowry the new father has no rights over his children; Trouwborst 1962: 136ff.) 3. Inheritance from a deceased husband to his widow. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 4. A natural gift or talent. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A large amount. Labels: countable, informal, uncountable Example: But no palace had so fair a ceiling; for from the wooden beams were suspended a whole dowry of copper vessels—pails, cauldrons, water pots, of every colour from lustrous black to the palest pink.
Word: dowry Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English dowarye, dowerie, from Anglo-Norman dowarie, douarie, from Old French douaire, from Medieval Latin dōtārium, from Latin dōs. Doublet of dower. Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊəɹi/, /ˈdaʊɹi/ 1. To bestow a dowry upon.
Word: histology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From histo- + -logy. Pronunciation: /hɪsˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ 1. The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Holonym: cytohistology 2. The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Holonyms: cytohistology, cytohistopathology
Word: cytology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cyto- (“cell”) + -logy. Pronunciation: /saɪˈtɒləd͡ʒi/, /saɪˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ 1. The study of cells. Labels: uncountable Example: Holonym: cytohistology 2. The study of cells. Labels: uncountable Example: Holonyms: cytohistology, cytohistopathology
Word: mitochondrion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Mitochondrium, coined by Carl Benda in 1898, from Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos, “thread”) + χονδρίον (khondríon), diminutive of χόνδρος (khóndros, “grain, morsel”). Pronunciation: /ˌmaɪtəˈkɒndɹiən/, /ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/ 1. A spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and containing genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP. Example: The consideration of the mitochondrion in the spermatocytes I shall pass over, as it is not within the bounds of this paper; yet I hope to study the earlier generations of my material, and shall then compare the results.