nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: snowball Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English snoweball, snoweballe, snaweballe, snayballe, equivalent to snow + ball. Cognate with Scots snawbaw, German Schneeball, Luxembourgish Schnéiball, Dutch sneeuwbal, Afrikaans sneeubal, Limburgish snieëbal, West Frisian sniebal, Saterland Frisian Sneebaal, Sneebal, Swedish snöboll, Elfdalian sniųoboll, Danish snebold, Norwegian Bokmål snøball, Norwegian Nynorsk snøball and Icelandic snjóbolti. Pronunciation: /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/, /ˈsnoʊbɔl/, /ˈsnoʊbɑl/ 1. To rapidly grow out of proportion or control, from an initially smaller state. Labels: figuratively, intransitive Example: The high unemployment rates quickly snowballed into a major budget problem for the government. Example: There's a further knock-on effect from cancelling trains. It's not unusual for train crew diagrams to include a period 'on the cushions', travelling as a passenger to get staff from one train to the next. Cancel this train and it's likely the crew won't reach their next train, so this too is cancelled. Disruption snowballs and diagrams become harder to deliver. 2. To play at throwing snowballs. Labels: intransitive 3. To pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at. Labels: transitive 4. To receive ejaculated semen in one's mouth, and to then pass it back and forth between one’s mouth and another person’s mouth. Labels: intransitive, slang, vulgar
Word: monolith Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is borrowed from French monolithe (“object made from a single block of stone”), from Middle French monolythe (“made from a single block of stone”) (rare), and from their etymon Latin monolithus (“made from a single block of stone”), from Ancient Greek μονόλιθος (monólithos, “made from a single block of stone”), from μονο- (mono-, prefix meaning ‘alone; single’) (from μόνος (mónos, “alone; only, unique”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“little, small”)) + λίθος (líthos, “a stone; stone as a substance”); analysable as mono- + -lith. The English word is cognate with German monolith (“made from a single block of stone”). The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈmɒn.ə.lɪθ/, /ˈmɒn.lɪθ/, /ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/ 1. To create (something) as, or convert (one or more things) into, a monolith. Labels: transitive Example: [Fatema] Mernissi constructs a single dominant view of sexuality among Muslims while she purports to be doing sociology or anthropology. [...] [I]s it Mernissi's contention that only Islam is monolithed in stone by an overarching patriarchy? Example: Secondary waste solids such as fines from high-temperature filters and the bag house can be mixed with the bed product and monolithed for disposal. 2. To create (something) as, or convert (one or more things) into, a monolith. Labels: transitive Example: It should be noted that the parapets, also monolithing with the decking slab, contribute an important share to the effective resistance of the work. Example: The main construction operations are the following: [...] 101,000 cu m of pre-fabricated concrete and 89,000 cu m for monolithing pre-fabricated structures. 3. To create (something) as, or convert (one or more things) into, a monolith. Labels: UK, transitive Example: Residents who use the park regularly for sports say they are gobsmacked that the council consider cutting the tree down as the only option. But the council have said that public safety is paramount when assessing damaged trees, a branch crashing down could kill someone, and that the tree is not being cut down but just monolithed. Example: The go-ahead has been given to fell 23 Lawson cypress and ‘monolith’ (reduce to their main stems, without branches) four dead alder, which made up part of the woodland off Bickland Water Road.
Word: rock Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Medieval Latin roccabor.? Old English *rocc Early Medieval Latin rocca Anglo-Norman roquebor. Middle English rokke English rock Inherited from Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old English *rocc (“rock”), as in Old English stānrocc (“high stone rock, peak, obelisk”), and also later from Anglo-Norman roque, (compare Modern French roc, roche, rocher), from Medieval Latin rocca (attested 767), of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be of Celtic (in particular, perhaps Gaulish) origin (compare Breton roc'h). Related also to Middle Low German rocke (“rock ledge”). One suggestion is that it derives from Vulgar Latin *rupica, from rupes (compare rupico). Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. To pelt with rocks; to stone. Example: Do you chaps mean to say you didn't make Rabbits-Eggs drunk and bribe him to rock King's rooms?
Word: rock Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-West Germanic *rokkōn, from Proto-Germanic *rukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ruknéh₂ti, from *h₃rewk-, *h₃runk-. See also obsolete Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken (“to drag, jerk”), Modern German rücken (“to move, shift”), Icelandic rukka (“to yank”); also Latin runcāre (“to weed”), Latvian rũķēt (“to toss, dig”). Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. To move gently back and forth. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: Rock the baby to sleep. Example: The empty swing rocked back and forth in the wind. 2. To move gently back and forth. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: Tends to tap fingers on desk or spin ring on finger, especially when stressed. Sucks thumb in private. Loves to rock. 3. To cause to shake or sway violently. Labels: transitive Example: Don't rock the boat. Example: A rising earthquake rocked the ground. 4. To sway or tilt violently back and forth. Labels: intransitive Example: The boat rocked at anchor. 5. To be washed and panned in a cradle or in a rocker. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: The ores had been rocked and laid out for inspection. 6. To disturb the emotional equilibrium of; to distress; to greatly impact (most often positively). Labels: transitive Example: Downing Street has been rocked by yet another sex scandal. Example: She rocked my world. 7. To do well or to be operating at high efficiency. Labels: intransitive Example: The Blues' challenge had been rocking at that point, with Terry's centre-back partner Gary Cahill lost to injury and Barca having just levelled the tie through Busquets's neat, close-range finish from Isaac Cuenca's pull-back. 8. To be very favourable or skilful; excel; be fantastic. Labels: intransitive, slang Example: Chocolate rocks. Example: My holidays in Ibiza rocked! I can't wait to go back. 9. To make love to or have sex (with). Labels: ambitransitive, euphemistic, slang Example: I wanna rock! Example: Cum on feel the noize, girls, rock your boys.
Word: rock Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-West Germanic *rokkōn, from Proto-Germanic *rukkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ruknéh₂ti, from *h₃rewk-, *h₃runk-. See also obsolete Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken (“to drag, jerk”), Modern German rücken (“to move, shift”), Icelandic rukka (“to yank”); also Latin runcāre (“to weed”), Latvian rũķēt (“to toss, dig”). Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. An act of rocking; a rocking motion; a sway.
Word: rock Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style. Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboards (often), and vocals. Labels: uncountable
Word: rock Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style. Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. To play, perform, or enjoy rock music, especially with a lot of skill or energy. Labels: intransitive Example: Let's rock! Example: I wanna rock! (Rock!) / I wanna rock! (Rock!) / I want to rock! (Rock!) / I wanna rock! (Rock!) 2. To thrill or excite, especially with rock music. Labels: transitive Example: Let's rock this joint! 3. To have people dancing and enjoying rock music. Labels: intransitive Example: The scene was rocking, all were digging the sounds Igor on chains, backed by his baying hounds The coffin-bangers were about to arrive With their vocal group, The Crypt-Kicker Five. 4. To do something with excitement yet skillfully. Labels: transitive Example: I need to rock a piss. 5. To wear (a piece of clothing, outfit etc.) successfully or with style; to carry off (a particular look, style). Labels: transitive Example: I call all the shots, rip all the spots / Rock all the rocks, cop all the drops Example: Take today, where she's rocking that well-known fashion combo – a Tory Burch outfit offset with a whacking great bruise attained by smacking her head on a plane's overhead lockers.
Word: rock Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rok, rocke, rokke, perhaps from Middle Dutch rocke (whence Dutch rokken), Middle Low German rocken, or Old Norse rokkr (whence Icelandic / Faroese rokkur, Danish rok, Swedish spinnrock (“spinning wheel”)). Cognate with Old High German rocko (“distaff”). Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. Distaff. Labels: countable Example: Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread / By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, / That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. Example: By order of the General Court in 1642, the "prudentiall" men of each town were instructed "to take care of such [children] as are sett to keep cattle be set to some other employment withal, as spinning upon the rock, knitting, weaving tape, etc., and that boys and girls be not suffered to converse together so as may occasion any wanton, dishonest or immodest behavior. 2. The flax or wool on a distaff. Labels: uncountable
Word: rock Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɹɒk/, /ɹɑk/, /ɹɔk/ 1. Archaic form of roc (mythical bird). Labels: alt-of, archaic
Word: boulder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From late Middle English bulder, short for Middle English bulder ston (“a stone that's been worn into a round shape, boulder, cobblestone”), possibly from Old Swedish *buldersten, itself possibly from Old Swedish bulder (“rumble, noise”) + sten (“stone”); whence dialectal Swedish bullersten (“large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it”). The first element may alternatively be allied to Old Swedish bulle, bolle (“round drinking vessel, tumbler”), from Old Norse bolli, related to Old English bolla (“round object, bowl”), see English bowl. Pronunciation: /ˈbəʊl.də(ɹ)/, /ˈboʊl.dɚ/ 1. A large mass of stone detached from the surrounding land. 2. A particle greater than 256 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale 3. A large marble, in children's games. Example: There were four sizes of marbles and we called them boulders, biggies, regulars, and teenies. 4. A session of bouldering; involvement in bouldering.
Word: boulder Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From late Middle English bulder, short for Middle English bulder ston (“a stone that's been worn into a round shape, boulder, cobblestone”), possibly from Old Swedish *buldersten, itself possibly from Old Swedish bulder (“rumble, noise”) + sten (“stone”); whence dialectal Swedish bullersten (“large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it”). The first element may alternatively be allied to Old Swedish bulle, bolle (“round drinking vessel, tumbler”), from Old Norse bolli, related to Old English bolla (“round object, bowl”), see English bowl. Pronunciation: /ˈbəʊl.də(ɹ)/, /ˈboʊl.dɚ/ 1. To engage in bouldering. Labels: ambitransitive Example: He bouldered a route in the same area with ease. Mitchell, 11, was hanging with the older kids in an area where bouldering nearly upside down seemed to be.... Example: As the week unfolded, we were taught about the equipment we needed, how to tie a rope and what to wear. We learnt to balance on our feet rather than cling on with our arms and to trust our rock shoes, the moulded rubber slippers that can grip the smoothest of surfaces. We abseiled, bouldered and belayed.
Word: weird Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English werde, wierde, wirde, wyrede, wurde, from Old English wyrd (“fate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with Icelandic urður (“fate”). Related to Old English weorþan (“to become”); more at worth (verb). Doublet of wyrd, a reborrowing of the original sense and spelling. Obsolete by the 16th century in English, it was reintroduced by Shakespeare, who borrowed Middle Scots weird as weyward in the name of the Weyward Sisters (later respelt as Weird Sisters), meaning “Sisters of Fate”. The senses “abnormal”, “strange” etc., arising from a reinterpretatation of the Sisters' naming, are posterior to his borrowing. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiɚd/, /ˈwɪɚd/ 1. Having an unusually strange character or behaviour. Example: There are lots of weird people in this place. 2. Deviating from the normal; bizarre. Example: It was quite weird to bump into all my ex-girlfriends on the same day. Example: It was weird for him to watch boys play with Barbie dolls. 3. Relating to weird fiction ("a macabre subgenre of speculative fiction"). Example: a weird story Example: In his introduction to the 1955 volume, [Ray] Bradbury singles out these stories as oddities in his canon — he wrote this kind of tale before his twenty-sixth birthday (1946), and rarely since. They are pure fantasy of the "weird" sort and include some of Bradbury's most striking pieces: "The Scythe" (1943), "The Lake" (1944), "The Jar" (1944), "Skeleton" (1945), and "The Small Assassin" (1946) 4. Belonging, pertaining, or related to fate, destiny, or to the Fates; able to influence fate. Example: Whiles I ſtood rapt in the wonder of it, came Miſſiues from the King, who all-hail'd me Thane of Cawdor, by which Title before, these weyward Sisters saluted me, and referr'd me to the comming on of time, with haile, King that ſhalt be. 5. Related to witches or witchcraft; supernatural; unearthly; suggestive of witches, witchcraft or unearthliness; uncanny; unearthly. Example: Those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation. Example: It may be in that dark hour at the burn-foot, before the spate caught her, she had been given grace to resist her adversary and fling herself upon God's mercy. And it would seem that it had been granted; for when he came to the Skerburnfoot, there in the corner sat the weird wife Alison, dead as a stone. 6. Having super- or preternatural power. Labels: broadly Example: Naphtha lamps shed a weird light over a busy scene, for the work was being continued night and day. A score or so of sturdy navvies were shovelling and picking along the track.
Word: weird Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English werde, wierde, wirde, wyrede, wurde, from Old English wyrd (“fate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with Icelandic urður (“fate”). Related to Old English weorþan (“to become”); more at worth (verb). Doublet of wyrd, a reborrowing of the original sense and spelling. Obsolete by the 16th century in English, it was reintroduced by Shakespeare, who borrowed Middle Scots weird as weyward in the name of the Weyward Sisters (later respelt as Weird Sisters), meaning “Sisters of Fate”. The senses “abnormal”, “strange” etc., arising from a reinterpretatation of the Sisters' naming, are posterior to his borrowing. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiɚd/, /ˈwɪɚd/ 1. Fate; destiny; luck. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: Step by reluctant step, he had come to know his weird. The North must be saved from her. Example: In the weird of death shall the hapless be whelmed, and from Doom’s dark prison Shall she steal forth never again. 2. A prediction. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A spell or charm. Labels: Scotland, countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: Thou shalt bear thy penance lone, / In the Valley of Saint John, / And this weird shall overtake thee;— / Sleep, until a knight shall wake thee, / For feat of arms as far renowned / As warrior of the Table Round. 4. That which comes to pass; a fact. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The Fates. Labels: archaic, countable, in-plural, uncountable 6. Weirdness. Labels: colloquial, uncountable Example: You know why it feels so good to be amongst real friends? They allow you to be your weird and love you for it. Imagine how it would feel to freely let your weird out and have the world love you for it.
Word: weird Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English werde, wierde, wirde, wyrede, wurde, from Old English wyrd (“fate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with Icelandic urður (“fate”). Related to Old English weorþan (“to become”); more at worth (verb). Doublet of wyrd, a reborrowing of the original sense and spelling. Obsolete by the 16th century in English, it was reintroduced by Shakespeare, who borrowed Middle Scots weird as weyward in the name of the Weyward Sisters (later respelt as Weird Sisters), meaning “Sisters of Fate”. The senses “abnormal”, “strange” etc., arising from a reinterpretatation of the Sisters' naming, are posterior to his borrowing. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiɚd/, /ˈwɪɚd/ 1. To destine; doom; change by witchcraft or sorcery. Labels: transitive 2. To warn solemnly; adjure. Labels: transitive
Word: weird Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English werde, wierde, wirde, wyrede, wurde, from Old English wyrd (“fate”), from Proto-West Germanic *wurdi, from Proto-Germanic *wurdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, wind”). Cognate with Icelandic urður (“fate”). Related to Old English weorþan (“to become”); more at worth (verb). Doublet of wyrd, a reborrowing of the original sense and spelling. Obsolete by the 16th century in English, it was reintroduced by Shakespeare, who borrowed Middle Scots weird as weyward in the name of the Weyward Sisters (later respelt as Weird Sisters), meaning “Sisters of Fate”. The senses “abnormal”, “strange” etc., arising from a reinterpretatation of the Sisters' naming, are posterior to his borrowing. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/, /ˈwiɚd/, /ˈwɪɚd/ 1. In a strange manner. Labels: nonstandard, not-comparable, transitive Example: I waltzed into that club just as straight as a goose and I kept tripping over things and people were looking at me weird. Example: Man, you're talking weird!
Word: strange Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros Proto-Italic *eksteros Latin exter Latin extrā Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic *-ejos Proto-Italic *-eos Latin -eus Latin -āneus Latin extrāneusder. Old French estrange Anglo-Norman estraungebor. Middle English straunge English strange From Middle English straunge, strange, stronge, from Old French estrange, from Latin extrāneus (“that which is on the outside”). Doublet of extraneous and estrange. Cognate with French étrange (“strange, foreign”) and Spanish extraño (“strange, foreign”). Largely displaced native fremd, selcouth, and uncouth, from Old English fremede, seldcūþ, and uncūþ. Pronunciation: /stɹeɪnd͡ʒ/, [ʃtɹeɪnd͡ʒ] 1. To alienate; to estrange. Labels: obsolete, transitive 2. To be estranged or alienated. Labels: intransitive, obsolete 3. To wonder; to be astonished at (something). Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: [I]f the world and motion were not from Eternity, then God was Idle; were all the Aſſertions of Ariſtotle, which Theology pronounceth impieties. Which yet we need not ſtrange at from one, of whom a Father ſaith, Nec Deum coluit nec curavit [he neither worshipped nor cared for God]: […]
Word: strange Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰsteros Proto-Italic *eksteros Latin exter Latin extrā Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic *-ejos Proto-Italic *-eos Latin -eus Latin -āneus Latin extrāneusder. Old French estrange Anglo-Norman estraungebor. Middle English straunge English strange From Middle English straunge, strange, stronge, from Old French estrange, from Latin extrāneus (“that which is on the outside”). Doublet of extraneous and estrange. Cognate with French étrange (“strange, foreign”) and Spanish extraño (“strange, foreign”). Largely displaced native fremd, selcouth, and uncouth, from Old English fremede, seldcūþ, and uncūþ. Pronunciation: /stɹeɪnd͡ʒ/, [ʃtɹeɪnd͡ʒ] 1. Sex outside of one's current relationship. Labels: slang, uncountable Example: It was a bar by license, but in hiring practice it became an intergalactic smorgasbord of xenosexual delights, females of fancy species serving drinks and offering cultural exchange to human males seeking some strange. Example: All he has to do is walk into a bar, and he can get some Strange.'” “Oh yeah, Tom,” I mutter, “that's exactly how it was, every Saturday night. Nothing but Strange. Up here too.” 2. A strange quark. Labels: countable, particle
Word: ply Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”). Pronunciation: /plaɪ/ 1. A layer of material. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: two-ply toilet paper Example: It is possible to have a very well load balanced partition but with such a high ply that its slowest piece is slower than a not-so-well balanced partition with less ply. 2. A strand that, twisted together with other strands, makes up rope or yarn. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: To make the hail rod a rope of straw is the first thing necessary; it must be made of ripe wheat straw, soaked and twisted, plaited with three strand and then with four ply, making twelve strand to the rope. 3. Clipping of plywood. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable, uncountable Example: The compartment ceiling panels are of plastic material backed with ply or hardboard panels. Example: The Standards describe the quality of timber or ply, moisture content, amount of acceptable sapwood, freedom from decay and insect attack, limitation of checks and splits and treatment of resin staining, and the way plugging may be employed to mask defects in ply faces. 4. In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He proposed to build Deep Purple, a super-computer capable of 24-ply look-ahead for chess. Example: Chinook uses an iterative, alpha-beta search with transposition tables and the history heuristic[…]. Under tournament conditions (thirty moves an hour), the program searches to an average minimum depth of nineteen ply (one ply is one move by one player). The search uses selective deepening to extend lines that are tactically or positionally interesting. Consequently, major lines of play are often searched many plies deeper. It is not uncommon for the program to produce analyses that are thirty-ply deep or more. 5. A condition, a state. Labels: Scotland, countable, uncountable Example: You may be ſure, in the ply I was now taking, I had no objection to the propoſal, and was rather a tiptoe for its accompliſhment.
Word: ply Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English plīen, pli, plie (“to bend, fold, mould, shape; to be flexible; to be submissive, humble oneself; to compel someone to submit”), from Anglo-Norman plier, plaier, pleier, ploier, and Middle French plier, ployer (“to bend, fold; to be submissive; to compel someone to submit”) (modern French plier, ployer), from Old French ploiier, pleier (“to fold”), from Latin plicāre (“to fold”); see further at etymology 1. The word is cognate with Catalan plegar (“to bend, fold”), Italian piegare (“to bend, fold, fold up”), Old Occitan plegar, plejar, pleyar (“to fold”) (modern Occitan plegar), Spanish plegar (“to fold”). Pronunciation: /plaɪ/ 1. To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: And now when at length the Vineyard has ſhed its late Leaves, and the cold Northwind ſhook from the Groves their Honours; even then the active Swain extends his Cares to the enſuing Year, and cloſe plys the deſolate forſaken Vine, cutting off the ſuperfluous Roots with Saturn's crooked Hook, and forms it by pruning. 2. To bend, to flex; to be bent by something, to give way or yield (to a force, etc.). Labels: intransitive Example: The Oak Upbraided the Willow, that it was Weak and Wavering, and gave way to Every Blaſt. […] Some very little while after This Diſpute, it Blew a Violent Storm. The Willow Ply’d, and gave way to the Guſt, and ſtill recover’d it ſelf again, without receiving any Damage: But the Oak was Stubborn, and choſe rather to Break than Bend.
Word: ply Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1. Pronunciation: /plaɪ/ 1. To work at (something) diligently. Labels: transitive Example: He plied his trade as carpenter for forty-three years. Example: Ply you your work or elſe you are like to ſmart. 2. To wield or use (a tool, a weapon, etc.) steadily or vigorously. Labels: transitive Example: He plied his ax with bloody results. Example: Why how now Dame, whence growes this inſolence? / Bianca ſtand aſide, poore gyrle ſhe weepes: / Go ply thy Needle; meddle not with her. 3. To press upon; to urge persistently. Labels: transitive Example: to ply someone with questions or solicitations Example: He plies the Duke at morning and at night, / And doth impeach the freedome of the ſtate / If they deny him iuſtice. 4. To persist in offering something to, especially for the purpose of inducement or persuasion. Labels: transitive Example: to ply someone with drink Example: [T]he true Gameſters pretended to be ill, and refuſed their Glaſs, while they plied heartily two young Fellows, who were to be afterwards pillaged, as indeed they were without Mercy. 5. To travel over (a route) regularly. Labels: ambitransitive Example: to ply the seven seas Example: The steamer plies between several ports on the coast. 6. To work diligently. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: […] Ere halfe theſe Authors be read, which will ſoon be with plying hard, and dayly, they cannot chooſe but be maſters of any ordinary proſe. Example: He was afterwards reduced to great want, and forced to think of plying in the streets as a porter for his livelihood. 7. To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: Weighed anchor about five morn, and plied till about noon, and then anchored. This day, at morn, went about the general to council: the result was, the fleet should ply near, as with convenience, to the Texel, to prevent a conjunction of those ships there with Admiral [Maarten] Tromp; […]
Word: ply Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From apply; compare Middle English plīen, pli, plie, pleie (“to place (something) around, on, or over, to cover; to apply, use; to strive”), short for aplīen, applīen (“to combine, join; to attach; to assemble; to use, be of use; to allot; to apply; to inflict; to go; to ply, steer; to comply, submit”), from Old French applier, aplier, aploier (“to bend; to apply”), from Latin applicāre, present active infinitive of applicō (“to apply; to attach, join; to add”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”); see further at etymology 1. Pronunciation: /plaɪ/ 1. A bent; a direction.
Word: plywood Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English ply Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwi- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)wéydʰ(h₁)us Proto-Germanic *widuz Proto-West Germanic *widu Old English widu Old English wudu Middle English wode English wood English plywood From ply (“sheet”) + wood. Pronunciation: /ˈplaɪwʊd/, /ˈplɑjwɵd/, /ˈplɑewʊd/, /ˈplaɪwʉd/ 1. Construction material supplied in sheets, and made of three or more layers of wood veneer glued together, laid up with alternating layers having their grain perpendicular to each other. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: After the hurricane there was a severe regional shortage of plywood, especially exterior plywood. 2. A specific grade or type of this construction material. Labels: countable, usually Example: We stock exterior plywoods, interior plywoods, and furniture plywoods.
Word: plywood Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree English ply Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwi- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)wéydʰ(h₁)us Proto-Germanic *widuz Proto-West Germanic *widu Old English widu Old English wudu Middle English wode English wood English plywood From ply (“sheet”) + wood. Pronunciation: /ˈplaɪwʊd/, /ˈplɑjwɵd/, /ˈplɑewʊd/, /ˈplaɪwʉd/ 1. To fit or block up with plywood. Labels: transitive
Word: forest Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English forest, from Old French forest, from Early Medieval Latin forestis. The Latin could be: * from foris (“outside”), as in forestis (silva) "(wood) outside," * or from Frankish or Proto-West Germanic *furhisti (“forest, fir-grove, wooded land”), equivalent to fir + hurst. In which case, related to Old English fyrhþe (“forested land”), Old High German forst, forsti (“forest”), Old Norse fýri (“pine forest”). Doublet of frith. Cognate with Dutch vorst (“copse, grove, woodland”), German Forst (“forest”). In this sense, mostly displaced the native Middle English wode, from Old English wudu (modern English wood) and Middle English wald, wold, wæld, from Old English wald, weald (modern English wald, weald, wold). Pronunciation: /ˈfɒɹɪst/, /ˈfɔɹəst/, /fɔɹst/, /ˈfɑɹɪst/, /ˈfɑɹəst/ 1. To cover an area with trees. Labels: transitive Example: From the view-point of national economy professor Fehér communicates to us most interesting facts, which he has established in an important question now of actuality : in the subject of foresting the Great Hungarian Plains.
Word: grove Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English grove, grave, from Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove; copse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”). Related to Old English grǣf, grǣfe (“brushwood; thicket; copse”), Old English grǣfa (“thicket”), dialectal Norwegian greive (“ram with splayed horns”), dialectal Norwegian greivlar (“ramifications of an antler”), dialectal Norwegian grivla (“to branch, branch out”), Old Norse grein (“twig, branch, limb”). More at greave. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊv/, /ɡɹoʊv/ 1. A small forest. Example: Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away. 2. A small forest with minimal undergrowth. Example: Near-synonym: woodland 3. An orchard of fruit trees. 4. A place of worship. 5. A lodge of the Ancient Order of Druids.
Word: grove Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English grove, grave, from Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove; copse”), from Proto-West Germanic *graib, *graibō (“branch, group of branches, thicket”), from Proto-Germanic *graibaz, *graibô (“branch, fork”). Related to Old English grǣf, grǣfe (“brushwood; thicket; copse”), Old English grǣfa (“thicket”), dialectal Norwegian greive (“ram with splayed horns”), dialectal Norwegian greivlar (“ramifications of an antler”), dialectal Norwegian grivla (“to branch, branch out”), Old Norse grein (“twig, branch, limb”). More at greave. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊv/, /ɡɹoʊv/ 1. To cultivate in groves; to grow naturally so as to form groves. Example: It is called "Orchard Lake," from the fact, that near the centre is an island embracing an area of about fifty acres of land, well groved with different kinds of shrubbery; and near the centre of this island stand a number of aged apple-trees, planted, perhaps, a century since by the hand of some Indian. Example: The trees and shrubs are not arranged after any particular system, but are scattered or groved together in various parts of the garden. 2. To cultivate with periodic harvesting that also serves to create order (gaps and lines of trees) to facilitate further harvesting. Example: In Herefordshire, especially on the northern and eastern sides, Oak timber abounds; and in many of the woods it is usual to have felling at periods varying from sixteen to twenty years; the straightest and handsomest are left for timber, or, as it is called, groved; and they are from time to time thinned, and a regular distance kept between them. The effect produced on these groved trees is, that from being exposed to air and sun, the rapidity of their growth is increased in bulk, height, and quality; and in sixty or eighty years they become valuable timber. 3. To plough or gouge with lines. Example: 1823, Instinct, in "Sholto and Reuben Percy" (Thomas Byerley), The Percy Anecdotes: Original and Select, Volume 9: Instinct—Ingenuity, page 138, Very frequently, however, to shorten the distance to the upper nurseries, where they have to take the eggs, they project an arch of about ten inches in length, and half an inch in breadth, groved or worked into steps, on its upper surface, to allow of a more easy passage. Example: The floor of first story and piazza to be laid with Georgia pine, in narrow courses planed, groved and tongued, and laid in the best manner.
Word: muse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French muse, from Latin Mūsa, from Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa). Pronunciation: /mjuːz/, /mjuz/, /mjʉːz/ 1. Of a person: a source of inspiration. Example: Yoko Ono was John Lennon's wife, lover, and muse. 2. A poet; a bard. Labels: archaic Example: My toung-tide Muſe in manners holds her ſtill, While comments of your praiſe richly compil'd, Reſerue their Character with goulden quill, And precious phraſe by all the Muſes fil’d. Example: So may some gentle Muse With lucky words favour my destined urn
Word: muse Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English musen, from Old French muser. Pronunciation: /mjuːz/, /mjuz/, /mjʉːz/ 1. To become lost in thought, to ponder. Labels: intransitive 2. To say (something) with due consideration or thought. Labels: transitive Example: When I asked about her affinity for playing self-obsessed artists, O’Hara mused: “Maybe I’m just trying to get it out of my system. I’m so afraid to be like that.” Example: For quotations using this term, see Citations:muse. 3. To think on; to meditate on. Labels: transitive Example: Come, then, expressive Silence, muse his praise. Example: It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: […]; […]; or perhaps to muse on the irrelevance of the borders that separate nation states and keep people from understanding their shared environment. 4. To wonder at. Labels: transitive Example: Muse not that I thus suddenly proceed; for what I will, I will, and there an end.
Word: muse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English musen, from Old French muser. Pronunciation: /mjuːz/, /mjuz/, /mjʉːz/ 1. An act of musing; a period of thoughtfulness. Example: still he sate long time astonished / As in great muse, ne word to creature spake. Example: And with this Alan fell into a muse, and for a long time sate^([sic]) very sad and silent.
Word: muse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French musse. See muset. Pronunciation: /mjuːz/, /mjuz/, /mjʉːz/ 1. A gap or hole in a hedge, fence, etc. through which a wild animal is accustomed to pass; a muset. Example: Find a hare without a muse. (old proverb)
Word: bash Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English *basshen, *basken, likely from Old Norse *baska (“to strike”), akin to Swedish basa (“to baste, whip, lash, flog”), Danish baske (“to beat, strike, cudgel”), German patschen (“to slap”) Pronunciation: /bæʃ/ 1. To strike heavily; to beat. Labels: informal Example: The thugs kept bashing the cowering victim. Example: If the engine won't start, bash it with this hammer. 2. To collide; used with into or together. Labels: informal Example: Don't bash into me with that shopping trolley. Example: The bulls backed apart and ran together, tusks clashing — Ed held his trunk down while Conrad curled his high over his head, out of the way of Ed's tusks as the faces bashed together. 3. To criticize harshly. Labels: informal, transitive Example: He bashed my ideas. Example: The entertainment industry, the artistic community, and much of the educational establishment, which so profoundly influence American culture, relentlessly assault religion, promote promiscuity, encourage illegitimacy, and bash America.
Word: bash Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English *basshen, *basken, likely from Old Norse *baska (“to strike”), akin to Swedish basa (“to baste, whip, lash, flog”), Danish baske (“to beat, strike, cudgel”), German patschen (“to slap”) Pronunciation: /bæʃ/ 1. A forceful blow or impact. Labels: informal Example: He got a bash on the head. 2. A large party; a gala event. Labels: informal Example: They had a big bash to celebrate their tenth anniversary. Example: The party level ramps up at Thornaby, where a gaggle of women on a 50th birthday bash join us. 3. An attempt at doing something. Labels: UK, informal Example: give something a bash Example: I'm not sure I'll be any good at this, but let me have a bash.
Word: bash Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English baschen, baissen. See abash. Pronunciation: /bæʃ/ 1. To abash (make ashamed) Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: His countenance was bold and bashed not.
Word: crash Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæʃ/, [ˈkʰɹʷæʃ] 1. A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals. Example: The piece ended in a crescendo, building up to a crash of cymbals. Example: After the lightning came the crash of thunder. 2. An automobile, airplane, or other vehicle accident. Example: She broke two bones in her body in a car crash. Example: Nobody survived the plane crash. 3. A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable. Example: My computer had a crash so I had to reboot it. 4. A sudden large decline in the value of money, stocks or other assets, etc., especially one that causes additional economic difficulties. Example: the stock market crash 5. A comedown from a drug. Labels: informal 6. A group of rhinoceroses. Labels: collective Example: One of my favorites among the terms of groups of creatures is a crash of rhinoceros. I can imagine an African guide saying to his client, “Shoot, dammit, shoot! Here comes the whole bloody crash of rhinoceros!” […] Personally, I think I’d just as soon come across a crash of rhinoceros as a knot of toad. Example: The largest group of black rhinos reported was made up of 13 individuals. A group of rhinos is called a crash. 7. A sudden decline in any living form's population levels, often leading to extinction. 8. tarlatan, mull.
Word: crash Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæʃ/, [ˈkʰɹʷæʃ] 1. Quick, fast, intensive, impromptu. Labels: not-comparable Example: crash course Example: crash diet
Word: crash Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Uncertain; perhaps compare Russian крашени́на (krašenína, “coarse linen”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹæʃ/, [ˈkʰɹʷæʃ] 1. A type of rough linen. Labels: uncountable Example: The yearly allowance of clothing on this plantation, consisted of two tow-linen shirts—such linen as the coarsest crash towels are made of[…] Example: Unlocking the door of her bath-room she went inside, and soon emerged, bringing a rug, which she spread upon the floor of the gallery, and two huge hair pillows covered with crash, which she placed against the front of the building.
Word: rash Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English rash, rasch (“hasty, headstrong, rash”) [and other forms], probably from Old English *ræsċ (“rash”) (found in derivatives such as ræsċan (“to move rapidly; to flicker; to flash; to glitter; to quiver”), ræsċettan (“to crackle, sparkle”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *rask, *raskī, *rasku, from Proto-Germanic *raskaz, *raskuz, *raþskaz, *raþskuz (“rash; rapid”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to run, roll”). The Middle English word was probably influenced by the cognates listed below. The adverb is derived from Middle English rashe (“quickly, rapidly”), from rash, rasch (adjective) (see above). Cognates * Dutch ras, rasch (“rash”) * Middle Low German rasch (“rash”) * Old Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”) (modern Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous; hasty, rash”)) * Old High German reski (“impetuous, rash”) (Middle High German rasch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; lively; healthy, vigorous”), modern German rasch, räsch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; hasty, rash; healthy, vigorous; of food: crisp, crusty”)) * Old Norse rǫskr (“brave; healthy, vigorous”) (Icelandic röskur (“strong; healthy, vigorous”)) * Old Swedish rasker (“agile, nimble; brave; fast; vigorous”) (modern Swedish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”)) Pronunciation: /ɹæʃ/ 1. Acting too quickly without considering the consequences and risks; not careful; hasty. Example: rash words spoken in the heat of debate Example: […] Eusebius doth report that Ireneus dyd reprooue Victor byshop of Rome for his rash sentēce in excōmunicating the Churches of Grece, concerning the obseruation of the feast of Easter. 2. Of corn or other grains: so dry as to fall out of the ear with handling. Labels: Northern-England, archaic 3. Requiring swift action; pressing; urgent. Labels: obsolete, rare Example: My Lord, I ſcarce haue leiſure to ſalute you, / My matter is ſo raſh: […] 4. Taking effect quickly and strongly; fast-acting. Labels: obsolete, rare Example: [T]he vnited veſſel of their bloud, / […] / Shall neuer leake, though it doe vvorke as ſtrong, / As Aconitum, or raſh gunpovvder. Example: Sir (my Lord) / I could doe this, and that vvith no raſh Potion, / But with a lingring Dram, that ſhould not vvorke / Maliciouſly, like Poyſon.
Word: rash Part of Speech: adv Etymology: The adjective is derived from Middle English rash, rasch (“hasty, headstrong, rash”) [and other forms], probably from Old English *ræsċ (“rash”) (found in derivatives such as ræsċan (“to move rapidly; to flicker; to flash; to glitter; to quiver”), ræsċettan (“to crackle, sparkle”), etc.), from Proto-West Germanic *rask, *raskī, *rasku, from Proto-Germanic *raskaz, *raskuz, *raþskaz, *raþskuz (“rash; rapid”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to run, roll”). The Middle English word was probably influenced by the cognates listed below. The adverb is derived from Middle English rashe (“quickly, rapidly”), from rash, rasch (adjective) (see above). Cognates * Dutch ras, rasch (“rash”) * Middle Low German rasch (“rash”) * Old Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”) (modern Danish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous; hasty, rash”)) * Old High German reski (“impetuous, rash”) (Middle High German rasch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; lively; healthy, vigorous”), modern German rasch, räsch, resch (“agile, nimble; fast; hasty, rash; healthy, vigorous; of food: crisp, crusty”)) * Old Norse rǫskr (“brave; healthy, vigorous”) (Icelandic röskur (“strong; healthy, vigorous”)) * Old Swedish rasker (“agile, nimble; brave; fast; vigorous”) (modern Swedish rask (“agile, nimble; fast; healthy, vigorous”)) Pronunciation: /ɹæʃ/ 1. Synonym of rashly (“in a rash manner; hastily or without due consideration”). Labels: archaic Example: Soft Gooddie Sheepe (then ſaid the Foxe) not ſoe: / Vnto the King ſo raſh ye may not goe, / He is vvith greater matter buſied, / Than a Lambe, or the Lambes ovvne mothers hed. Example: VVhy do you ſpeake ſo ſtartingly and raſh?
Word: rash Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Probably from Old French rasche, rache (“skin eruption, rash; (specifically) scabies, scurf”) (obsolete), from racher (“to scrape; to scratch”) (although this is only directly attested later than the noun), from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre (“to scrape”), from Latin rāsus (“scraped, scratched; shaved”), the perfect passive participle of rādō (“to scrape, scratch; to shave; to rub, smooth; to brush along, graze”). Doublet of rase and raze. Cognates * French rash, rach (“skin eruption, rash”) (rare) (borrowed from English rash) * Italian rasca, raschia (“skin eruption like scabies”) (obsolete) (both borrowed from Old Occitan) * Old Occitan rasca (“skin eruption like scabies”) Pronunciation: /ɹæʃ/ 1. An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus. Also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare or obsolete), an illness characterized by a type of rash. Example: He came out in a rash because of an allergy. Example: She applied rash cream on herself to reduce the irritation. 2. An irregular distribution or sprinkling of objects resembling a rash (sense 1). Labels: figuratively 3. An outbreak or surge in problems; a spate, string, or trend. Labels: figuratively Example: There has been a rash of vandalism lately. Example: Wet through and through: with her feet squelching and squashing in her shoes whenever she moved; with a rash of rain upon her classical visage; […]