nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: forgery Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Recorded since 1574; from forge + -ery, from Middle English forgen, via Anglo-Norman forger, from Old French forgier, from Latin fabricārī (“to frame, construct, fabricate”), itself from fabrica (“workshop; construction”), from faber (“workman, smith”). (fake): Compare typologically Russian кова́рный (kovárnyj), кова́рство (kovárstvo), ко́зни (kózni) (akin to кова́ть (kovátʹ), ку́зница (kúznica)). Pronunciation: /ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/, /ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/ 1. The act of forging metal into shape. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the forgery of horseshoes 2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; especially the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another, the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the forgery of a bond Example: Such a scandal as the prosecution of a brother for forgery—with a verdict of guilty—is a most truly horrible, deplorable, fatal thing. It takes the respectability out of a family perhaps at a critical moment, when the family is just assuming the robes of respectability: […] it is a black spot which all the soaps ever advertised could never wash off. 3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised or counterfeited. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. An invention, creation. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable
Word: formularization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From formular + -ization. 1. The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated statement or exhibition. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: formulation Part of Speech: noun 1. The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The formulation with the bare infinitive was somewhat less common. 3. A medicinal preparation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: If you liked our old shampoo, you'll love the new kinder, gentler formulation.
Word: fornication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fornicacioun, from Old French fornicacion, from Latin fornicātiō, from fornix (“brothel”). Pronunciation: /ˌfɔɹnɪˈkeɪʃən/ 1. Sexual intercourse by people who are not married to each other, or which is considered illicit in another way. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: FRIAR BARNARDINE. Thou hast committed— BARABAS. Fornication: but that was in another country; And besides, the wench is dead. Example: I am the sister of one Claudio, Condemned upon the act of fornication To lose his head, condemned by Angelo 2. Sexual intercourse in general; sex. Labels: colloquial, countable, uncountable Example: For a moment he stared at the back of the Lascar, wondering if he were the youth that he had disturbed during fornication with his Engineer, then dismissed all thoughts of the previous night, he was getting old, and suspicious, what did it matter […]
Word: fortification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French fortification, from Late Latin fortificatio, fortificationem, from fortifico, from Latin fortis. By surface analysis, fort + -ification. Pronunciation: /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ 1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Premier Raymond Poincaré, ever an arch militarist, took full advantage of last week’s war scare in the Belgian Parliament to trumpet through the inspired Parisian press that France must drastically increase her armaments. While this propaganda was at its height, he announced to the Chamber that the first important measure to be presented by the Cabinet during the present session (TIME, Nov. 22 et seq.) will be a bill appropriating several billion francs for armaments and fortification of the Franco-German and Franco-Italian frontiers. 2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons. Example: “[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic?[…]” 3. An increase in effectiveness, as by adding ingredients. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Compare the nutrition information label of a regular ready-to-eat fortified cereal with that of a presweetened brand and you'll note that, although the sweetened one's sugar content is higher, the fortification is virtually identical. 4. A jagged pattern sometimes seen during an attack of migraine. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fortress Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Early 14 c., from Old French forteresce, forteresse, forterece (“strong place, fortification”), variant of fortelesse, from Medieval Latin fortalitia, from Latin fortis (“strong”) (see fort) + -itia, added to adjectives to form nouns of quality or condition. French -ess, from Latin -itia is also in words such as duress, prowess, largesse and richesse. For change of medial -l- to -r- in Old French, compare orne (“elm”) from ulmus; chartre from cartula and chapitre from capitulum. First attested in the 12th century. Pronunciation: /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/, /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/, /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/, /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/ 1. A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security. Example: Like the Mesolithic age of 10,000-8000 B.C., the period 6000-4000 B.C. seems to be one of the fall of fortresses and the rise of pastoral nomadism. 2. A position that, if obtained by the weaker side, will prevent penetration by the opposing side, generally achieving a draw.
Word: fortress Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Early 14 c., from Old French forteresce, forteresse, forterece (“strong place, fortification”), variant of fortelesse, from Medieval Latin fortalitia, from Latin fortis (“strong”) (see fort) + -itia, added to adjectives to form nouns of quality or condition. French -ess, from Latin -itia is also in words such as duress, prowess, largesse and richesse. For change of medial -l- to -r- in Old French, compare orne (“elm”) from ulmus; chartre from cartula and chapitre from capitulum. First attested in the 12th century. Pronunciation: /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/, /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/, /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/, /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/ 1. To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard, to fortify. Labels: transitive Example: Honour and Beautie in the owners armes, / Are weaklie fortreſt from a world of harmes.
Word: fossilization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fossil + -ization or fossilize + -ation. 1. The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The process of becoming fixed, unchanging, and out of date. Labels: broadly, countable, figuratively, uncountable
Word: foul Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”). Pronunciation: /faʊl/, /ˈfaʊ.əl/ 1. To make dirty. Labels: transitive Example: to foul the face or hands with mire Example: She's fouled her diaper. 2. To besmirch. Labels: transitive Example: He's fouled his reputation. 3. To obstruct, block, or otherwise interfere with (something), for example by clogging (a drain, gun barrel, chimney, etc) or by being in the way of (a gunshot, etc). Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: The hair has fouled the drain. Example: The recent opening of the bridge at the south end of Lincoln Station has enabled trains to take water there without fouling the level crossings at both ends of the platforms. 4. To entangle. Labels: transitive Example: The kelp has fouled the prop. Example: The Indian's heart was sore for his boat; it looked as if nothing could save her. She was drifting more slowly now, her propeller fouled in kelp. 5. To make make a play, such as a strong contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage, that is deemed by the referee to have contravened the rules. Labels: transitive Example: Smith fouled him hard. Example: The Gunners dominated for long periods but, against the run of play, Denilson fouled Max Gradel and Robert Snodgrass put Leeds ahead from the spot. 6. To commit a foul. Labels: intransitive Example: Smith fouled within the first minute of the quarter. Example: State begins fouling and UCLA misses a couple of front-end free throws on one-and-ones. 7. To hit outside of the baselines. Labels: transitive Example: Jones fouled the ball off the facing of the upper deck. 8. To hit a ball outside of the baselines. Labels: intransitive Example: Jones fouled for strike one. 9. To become clogged. Labels: intransitive Example: The drain fouled. 10. To become entangled. Labels: intransitive Example: The prop fouled on the kelp. 11. To come into contact or collide with. Example: The full capacity, however, requires a hopper of a size that takes the wagon body up to 11ft 11½in above rail level, which would foul many existing colliery screens.
Word: foul Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian (“to become foul; rot; decay”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlēn, from Proto-Germanic *fūlāną (“to rot; decay”). Pronunciation: /faʊl/, /ˈfaʊ.əl/ 1. A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball. Example: A second Norwich goal in four minutes arrived after some dire Newcastle defending. Gosling gave the ball away with a sloppy back-pass, allowing Crofts to curl in a cross that the unmarked Morison powered in with a firm, 12-yard header. Gosling's plight worsened when he was soon shown a red card for a foul on Martin. Example: Even though we were swept, we did outstat the Fast Breakers in one category: they had six technical fouls for the series (three for Bibby, two for Matthews, and one for Shouse), and we totaled nine (three each for Mannion and me, one each for Jose Slaughter, Lewis, and Lamp). 2. A (usually accidental) contact between a bowler and the lane before the bowler has released the ball. 3. A foul ball, a ball which has been hit outside of the base lines. Example: Jones hit a foul up over the screen. 4. A tangle or entanglement. Example: The baits are now cast clear of the boat, the lead being thrown into the water away from them; for if dropped on the snood, as I have seen done by many unthinking persons who have only been accustomed to chopstick lines, a foul is the natural result.
Word: fraternization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French fraternisation. 1. The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Having a friendly relationship with the enemy. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. any type of disallowed, supposedly unethical and unprofessional, social or intimate contact between employees, especially between different gender, class or rank. Labels: US, countable, derogatory, uncountable
Word: freak Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First appears c. 1567. The sense "sudden change of mind, a whim" is of uncertain origin. Probably from a dialectal word related to Middle English frekynge (“capricious behavior; whims”) and Middle English friken, frikien (“to move briskly or nimbly”), from Old English frīcian (“to leap, dance”), or Middle English frek (“insolent, daring”), from Old English frec (“desirous, greedy, eager, bold, daring”), from Proto-West Germanic *frek, from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“hard, efficient, greedy, bold, audacious”) (in which case, it would be related to the noun under Etymology 2). Compare Old High German freh (“eager”), Old English frēcne (“dangerous”). For the meaning development compare Russian заско́к (zaskók) akin to скок (skok), скака́ть (skakátʹ). Pronunciation: /fɹiːk/ 1. To react extremely or irrationally, usually under distress or discomposure. Labels: intransitive, slang Example: When the owner found a bunch of beatniks in there, he freaked, but that was later. Example: But after one night turned into five days, I was freaking out. I missed him. 2. To be placed or place someone under the influence of a psychedelic drug, (especially) to experience reality withdrawal, or hallucinations (nightmarish), to behave irrational or unconventional due to drug use. Labels: ambitransitive, slang 3. To streak; to variegate Labels: dated, transitive Example: Freakt with many a mingled hue. Example: […] in fine diaper of silver and mother-of-pearl freaking the intense azure; Now scurrying close overhead, wild ink-hued random racers that fling sheeted […]
Word: freak Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First appears c. 1567. The sense "sudden change of mind, a whim" is of uncertain origin. Probably from a dialectal word related to Middle English frekynge (“capricious behavior; whims”) and Middle English friken, frikien (“to move briskly or nimbly”), from Old English frīcian (“to leap, dance”), or Middle English frek (“insolent, daring”), from Old English frec (“desirous, greedy, eager, bold, daring”), from Proto-West Germanic *frek, from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“hard, efficient, greedy, bold, audacious”) (in which case, it would be related to the noun under Etymology 2). Compare Old High German freh (“eager”), Old English frēcne (“dangerous”). For the meaning development compare Russian заско́к (zaskók) akin to скок (skok), скака́ть (skakátʹ). Pronunciation: /fɹiːk/ 1. Strange, weird, unexpected. Labels: not-comparable Example: a freak genius Example: freak accident
Word: freak Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English freke, freike (“a bold man, warrior, man, creature”), from Old English freca (“a bold man, warrior, hero”), from Proto-Germanic *frekô (“an active or eager man, warrior, wolf”), from *frekaz (“active, bold, desirous, greedy”), from Proto-Indo-European *pereg-, *spereg- (“to shrug, be quick, twitch, splash, blast”). Cognate with Old Norse freki (“greedy or avaricious one, a wolf”), Old High German freh (“eager”), German frech, Old English frēcne (“dangerous, daring, courageous, bold”). Pronunciation: /fɹiːk/ 1. A man, particularly a bold, strong, vigorous man. 2. A fellow; a petulant young man. Labels: Scotland, UK, dialectal
Word: freighter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English freight Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English freighter From freight + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹeɪtɚ/, /ˈfɹeɪtə/ 1. One who loads a ship. Example: Near-synonyms: docker, dockworker, stevedore, longshoreman; loader 2. One who charters and loads a ship. Example: Near-synonym: charterer 3. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight. 4. One for whom freight is transported. 5. A ship used mainly to carry freight. Example: cargo freighter Example: oil freighter 6. An aircraft used mainly to carry freight; a cargo aircraft or cargo plane. Labels: broadly
Word: fret Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. An ornamental pattern consisting of repeated vertical and horizontal lines, often in relief. Example: Went to visit our good neighbor, Mr. Bohun, whose whole house is a cabinet of all elegancies, especially Indian; [...] [A]bove all, his lady's cabinet is adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with Mr. Gibbons's best carving. Example: Remove spills from grill frets with a cloth and brush the frets with a stiff brush when dry and cold. 2. A saltire interlaced with a mascle. Example: DIAPERED, or Diapre, in heraldry, the dividing of a field in planes, like fret-work, and filling the ſame with variety of figures. This chiefly obtains on bordures, which are diapered or fretted over, and the frets charged with things proper for bordures.
Word: fret Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. To decorate or ornament, especially with an interlaced or interwoven pattern, or (architecture) with carving or relief (raised) work. Labels: transitive Example: In a long purple pall, whose ſkirt with gold, / Was fretted all about, ſhe was arayd, [...] 2. To form a pattern on; to variegate. Labels: transitive Example: Decius. Here lyes the Eaſt: doth not the Day breake heere? [...] Cin[na]. O pardon, Sir, it doth; and yon grey Lines, / That fret the Clouds, are Meſſengers of Day. Example: The sun shone brilliantly through the trembling leaves, birds of many colors flitted from spray to spray, butterflies and bright insects crossed the fretted work of light and shade. 3. To cut through with a fretsaw, to create fretwork. Labels: transitive
Word: fret Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English freten (“to bind”), from Old French freter, from frete (“ferrule, ring”) (modern French frette). The origin of the music senses are uncertain; they are possibly from frete or from fret (“to chafe, rub”). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. One of the pieces of metal, plastic or wood across the neck of a guitar or other string instrument that marks where a finger should be positioned to depress a string as it is played. Example: The long-necked Egyptian Nefer was certainly depicted in the 4th dynasty; and wall-painting of the time of Moses, preserved in the British Museum, shows that it then had frets. Example: The frets of the lute marked whole tones, while those of the guitar were a semi-tone apart. 2. A ferrule, a ring. Labels: dialectal, obsolete
Word: fret Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English freten (“to bind”), from Old French freter, from frete (“ferrule, ring”) (modern French frette). The origin of the music senses are uncertain; they are possibly from frete or from fret (“to chafe, rub”). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. To bind, to tie, originally with a loop or ring. 2. # To fit frets on to (a musical instrument). Labels: transitive Example: to fret a guitar 3. To press down the string behind a fret. Labels: transitive Example: Note that right next to the headstock, the boxes may utilize some open notes in place of fretting with the pointer finger because the nut will effectively fret the notes for you[…].
Word: fret Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin fretum (“channel, strait”). Doublet of fretum. Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. A channel, a strait; a fretum. Example: I came in fine to the fourth part of the world, commonly called America, which by all deſcriptions I found to be an Iſland enuironed around about with the Sea, hauing on the Southſide of it, the frete, or ſtraight of Magellan, [...] Example: The river Velino, after having found its way from among the rocks where it falls, runs into the Nera. The channel of this laſt river is white with rocks, and the ſurface of it, for a long ſpace, covered with froth and bubbles; for it runs all along upon the fret, and is ſtill breaking againſt the ſtones that oppoſe its paſſage: [...]
Word: fret Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French frete, fraite, fraicte, possibly partly confused with fret (“channel, strait”). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. A channel or passage created by the sea. Labels: rare
Word: fret Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Attested since the mid-1800s, of unknown origin. Perhaps related to fret (“to form a pattern upon”), fret (“to consume”) (as the fog does the land), or fret (“to agitate the surface of water”) (as the wind which blows the fog inland does); compare the semantics of haar (“cold wind; misty wind; fog, mist”). Dialectally, the spelling freet and pronunciation /fɹit/ are also found, as they also are for fret (“consume; agitate”). Pronunciation: /fɹɛt/, /fɹet/, /fɾɛt/ 1. A fog or mist at sea, or coming inland from the sea. Labels: Northumbria Example: The wind brings a fret off the ocean; not cold, but achingly damp.
Word: frieze Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Late Middle English, from French and Middle French frise, probably from Medieval Latin Frisia (“Frisian (wool)”) due to import via Northern ships. Or, from French friser (“to curl”).. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːz/ 1. A kind of coarse woollen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: [I]f a plaine fellow well and cleanely apparelled, either in home-ſpun ruſſet or freeze (as the ſeaſon requires) with a five pouch at his girdle, happen to appeare in his ruſticall likenes: there is a Cozen ſaies one, At which word out flies the Taker, and thus giues the onſet vpon my olde Pennyfather. Example: This dark, frieze-coated, hoarse, teeth-chattering month […]
Word: frieze Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Late Middle English, from French and Middle French frise, probably from Medieval Latin Frisia (“Frisian (wool)”) due to import via Northern ships. Or, from French friser (“to curl”).. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːz/ 1. To make a nap on (cloth); to frizz. Labels: transitive
Word: frieze Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːz/ 1. The portion of an architectural entablature situated between the architrave and the cornice, consisting of a flat surface that may be continuous or articulated by triglyphs and is often decorated with sculptural figures and ornamental details. 2. Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or in rich pieces of furniture. Labels: broadly Example: The narrative frieze, which was derived from the scenes on steles and seals, became the most important aspect of Assyrian art. 3. A banner with a series of pictures. Example: The classroom had an alphabet frieze that showed an animal for each letter.
Word: frieze Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːz/ 1. To put a frieze on. Labels: transitive
Word: fright Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fright, furht, from Old English fryhtu, fyrhto (“fright, fear, dread, trembling, horrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄ (“fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“to fear”). Cognate with Scots fricht (“fright”), Old Frisian fruchte (“fright”), Low German frucht (“fright”), Middle Dutch vrucht, German Furcht (“fear, fright”), Danish frygt (“fear”), Swedish fruktan (“fear, fright, dread”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹 (faurhtei, “fear, horror, fright”). Compare possibly Albanian frikë (“fear, fright, dread, danger”). Pronunciation: /fɹaɪt/, /fɹʌit/ 1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: With a bolt of fright he remembered that there was no bathroom in the Hobhouse Room. He leapt along the corridor in a panic, stopping by the long-case clock at the end where he flattened himself against the wall. 2. Someone strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Her maids were old, and if she took a new one, You might be sure she was a perfect fright; She did this during even her husband's life I recommend as much to every wife.
Word: fright Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English fright, furht, from Old English fryhtu, fyrhto (“fright, fear, dread, trembling, horrible sight”), from Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄ (“fear”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“to fear”). Cognate with Scots fricht (“fright”), Old Frisian fruchte (“fright”), Low German frucht (“fright”), Middle Dutch vrucht, German Furcht (“fear, fright”), Danish frygt (“fear”), Swedish fruktan (“fear, fright, dread”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹 (faurhtei, “fear, horror, fright”). Compare possibly Albanian frikë (“fear, fright, dread, danger”). Pronunciation: /fɹaɪt/, /fɹʌit/ 1. To frighten. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: Are not you he […] That frights the maidens of the villagery […] ? Example: Little Miss Muffet, She sat on a tuffet, Eating of curds and whey; There came a little spider, Who sat down beside her, And frighted Miss Muffet away.
Word: fright Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Probably short for affright, from Middle English afright, from Old English āfyrht, past participle of āfyrhtan (“to make afraid; terrify”). Pronunciation: /fɹaɪt/, /fɹʌit/ 1. frightened; afraid; affright Labels: rare Example: Don't be fright, it is not so impossible as it seems. Example: Don't be fright, I'm not going to hurt you.
Word: frighten Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English *frightenen, equivalent to fright + -en. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/, [ˈfɹ̥aɪtn̩], [ˈfɹ̥aɪʔn̩] 1. To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright. Labels: transitive Example: Avery puts a sheet over her head, pretending to be a ghost to frighten Emily. Example: His Deſign was only to frighten France, and get more Money. 2. To become scared or alarmed. Labels: intransitive Example: In fitting the White Leghorns for exhibition, it must be remembered that they are of nervous disposition and frighten easily. Example: Those male moose at the southeast arm didn't frighten very much when we docked to fly-fish one day. One was so scared of us he just walked toward us and snorted.
Word: frisk Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”). Cognate with Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”). Doublet of fresco and fresh. More at fresh. Alternative etymology derives frisk from an alteration (due to Old French fresche (“fresh”)) of Old French fricque, frique (“smart, strong, playful, bright”), from Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“greedy, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”). Cognate with Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”), German frech (“insolent”), Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”). More at freak. Pronunciation: /fɹɪsk/ 1. Lively; brisk. Labels: archaic Example: Her hands must hide her mouth if she but smile; Fain would she seem all frisk and frolic still
Word: frisk Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”). Cognate with Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”). Doublet of fresco and fresh. More at fresh. Alternative etymology derives frisk from an alteration (due to Old French fresche (“fresh”)) of Old French fricque, frique (“smart, strong, playful, bright”), from Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“greedy, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”). Cognate with Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”), German frech (“insolent”), Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”). More at freak. Pronunciation: /fɹɪsk/ 1. A little playful skip or leap; a brisk and lively movement. 2. The act of frisking, of searching for something by feeling someone's body. Example: The customs officer gave me a frisk after I went through the metal detector.
Word: frisk Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English frisk (“lively, frisky”), from Middle French frisque (“lively, jolly, blithe, fine, spruce, gay”), of Germanic origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch frisc (“fresh”) or Old High German frisc (“fresh”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”). Cognate with Icelandic frískur (“frisky, fresh”). Doublet of fresco and fresh. More at fresh. Alternative etymology derives frisk from an alteration (due to Old French fresche (“fresh”)) of Old French fricque, frique (“smart, strong, playful, bright”), from Gothic *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks, “greedy, hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz, *frakaz (“greedy, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“greedy, fierce”). Cognate with Middle Dutch vrec (“greedy, avaricious”), German frech (“insolent”), Old English frec (“greedy, eager, bold, daring, dangerous”). More at freak. Pronunciation: /fɹɪsk/ 1. To frolic, gambol, skip, dance, leap. Labels: intransitive 2. To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing. Labels: transitive Example: The police frisked the suspiciously-acting individual and found a knife as well as a bag of marijuana. 3. To search (a place). Labels: transitive Example: Furniture was tipped over and drawers pulled out. Someone had obviously frisked the joint before we arrived.
Word: frontier Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English frounter, from Old French fronter (whence Modern French frontière), from front. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹʌntɪə/, /ˈfɹɒntɪə/, /ˈfɹʌntjə/, /ˈfɹɒntjə/, /fɹʌnˈtɪə/ 1. The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region. Example: the frontier of civilization Example: There were not many passengers, and the journey was uneventful until the frontier was reached at Padang Besar, although an armed escort of Malay police accompanied the train from Alor Star. 2. The most advanced or recent version of something; the leading edge. Example: Near-synonyms: vanguard, state of the art Example: the frontier of solid state electronics 3. An outwork of a fortification. Labels: obsolete Example: thou hast talk'd. Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets
Word: frontier Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English frounter, from Old French fronter (whence Modern French frontière), from front. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹʌntɪə/, /ˈfɹɒntɪə/, /ˈfɹʌntjə/, /ˈfɹɒntjə/, /fɹʌnˈtɪə/ 1. To live as pioneers on frontier territory. Labels: intransitive 2. To place on the frontier. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: now that it is no more a Border, nor frontiered with Enemies, why should such Privileges be any more continued?
Word: frostbite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From frost + bite. 1. An injury suffered as a result of freezing of some part of the body, typically fingers, toes or the nose. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: frostbite Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From frost + bite. 1. To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost. Labels: transitive 2. To engage in winter sailboating. Labels: intransitive
Word: fructification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin frūctusder. English fructi- English -fication English fructification From fructi- + -fication. 1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In nature, the wild hop is usually shadowed during its growing period by bushes and trees, and it is only those aboveground parts which are intensively illuminated which pass into fructification period. Example: Lucuma salicifolia (canistal) and Micropholis mexicana (wild apricot) are the most infested fruit species. They have a very short fructification period. 2. The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The fructification is liable to become very convex in age. Example: The essence of the fructification consists in the flower and the fruit.
Word: frustration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin frūstrātiō (“disappointment”), related to frūstrā (“in vain”). By surface analysis, frustrate + -ion. Pronunciation: /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, /fɹəˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The feeling of annoyance at impossibility from resistance or inability to achieve something. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The act of frustrating, or the state, or an instance of being frustrated. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of frustrating, or the state, or an instance of being frustrated. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A thing that frustrates. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Anger not directed at anything or anyone in particular. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The hope , however , is a slight one , and most attempts to love end in frustration : even Singer cannot endure the thought of life without Antonapoulos . The next most selfless seeker after love and happiness is Mick , who longs to express herself and to communicate with others through music, and her failure is pathetic because[…]
Word: Fuegian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English (Tierra del) Fuego Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Fuegian From (Tierra del) Fuego + -ian. Pronunciation: /fjuːˈiːdʒɪ.ən/, /ˈfweɪdʒɪ.ən/, /fjuˈid͡ʒi.ən/, /ˈfweɪd͡ʒi.ən/, /fjuˈeɪɡi.ən/ 1. Of or pertaining to Tierra del Fuego. Labels: not-comparable
Word: Fuegian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English (Tierra del) Fuego Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Fuegian From (Tierra del) Fuego + -ian. Pronunciation: /fjuːˈiːdʒɪ.ən/, /ˈfweɪdʒɪ.ən/, /fjuˈid͡ʒi.ən/, /ˈfweɪd͡ʒi.ən/, /fjuˈeɪɡi.ən/ 1. A native of Tierra del Fuego.
Word: fulmination Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French fulmination, from Latin fulminātiō; equivalent to fulmine + -ation. Pronunciation: /fʌlmɪˈneɪʃən/, /fʊlmɪˈneɪʃən/ 1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It is curious, reading the fulminations of American purists of the last generation, to note how many of the Americanisms they denounced have not only got into perfectly good usage at home but even broken down all guards across the ocean. 3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fumigation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fumygacioun, from Old French fumigation, from Late Latin fumigatio, fumigationem, from Latin fumigo. Pronunciation: /ˈfjuːmɪɡeɪʃən/ 1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fundamental Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. Pronunciation: /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, [fʌn.dəˈmɛn.tɫ̩], /ˌfɐn.dəˈmen.təl/, [fɐn.dəˈmen.tɫ̩] 1. A basic truth, elementary concept, principle, rule, or law. An individual fundamental will often serve as a building block used to form a complex idea. Labels: singular Example: Personal leadership is a fundamental of successful government. 2. A collection of essential component ideas that are often grouped together to serve as the foundational basis of a complex idea. Labels: plural Example: one of the fundamentals of linear algebra Example: When any one offers me a compleat Catalogue of his Fundamentals, he does not unreaſonably demand me to quit mine for nothing[…] 3. The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform. 4. The lowest partial of a complex tone.
Word: fundamental Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Late Latin fundamentālis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. Pronunciation: /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, [fʌn.dəˈmɛn.tɫ̩], /ˌfɐn.dəˈmen.təl/, [fɐn.dəˈmen.tɫ̩] 1. Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation. 2. Essential; extremely important. Example: a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom; a fundamental element; fundamental principle; fundamental law Example: A need for belonging seems fundamental to humans.
Word: furious Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English furious, from Old French furieus, from Latin furiōsus. Displaced native Old English hātheort (literally “hot-hearted”). Pronunciation: /ˈfjʊəɹi.əs/, /ˈfjɔːɹi.əs/, /ˈfjɵːɹɪjəs/, /ˈfjoːɹɪjəs/, /ˈfjʊɹi.əs/ 1. Feeling great anger; raging; violent. Example: a furious animal; parent furious at their child's behaviour Example: Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. Thus outraged, she showed herself to be a bold as well as a furious virago. Next day she found her way to their lodgings and tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. 2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence. Example: a furious stream; a furious wind or storm
Word: furze Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English firse, furs, from Old English fyrs (“furze, gorse, bramble”), from Old English fyres (“furze”), related to Old English fȳr (“fire”); otherwise of unknown origin. Pronunciation: /fɜː(ɹ)z/ 1. A thorny evergreen shrub, with yellow flowers, Ulex gen. et spp., of which Ulex europaeus is particularly common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain and Ireland. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Gonz. Now would I giue a thouſand furlongs of Sea, for an Acre of barren ground : Long heath, Browne firrs, any thing;[…] Example: At length, receiving his quarterly allowance of fifteen guineas, instead of discharging his debts he walk'd out of town, hid his gown in a furze bush, and footed it to London, […]
Word: gaily Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English gay Middle English -ly English -ly English gaily From gay + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈɡeɪli/ 1. Merrily. Labels: dated 2. Showily. Labels: dated Example: The highway to the East Coast which ran through the borough of Ebbfield had always been a main road and even now, despite the vast garages, the pylons and the gaily painted factory glasshouses which had sprung up beside it, there still remained an occasional trace of past cultures.
Word: gainsay Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English gainsayen, ȝeinseggen (“to say against, say in opposition to”), equivalent to gain- + say. Compare Old Danish gensige (“to speak against; gainsay”), Swedish gensaga (“a speaking against; protest”). Pronunciation: /ɡeɪnˈseɪ/, /ˈɡeɪnˌseɪ/ 1. To say something in contradiction to. Labels: formal, transitive Example: […]vve are able with playne demonſtration to proue, and vvith reaſon to perſvvade that in tymes paſt our fayth vvas alike, that then vve preached thinges correſpondent vnto the forme of faith already publiſhed of vs, ſo that none in this behalfe can repyne or gayneſay vs. Example: The supreme court, therefore, may assume jurisdiction over subjects and between parties, not allowed by the constitution, and there is no power in the federal government to gainsay it.
Word: galley Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English galeie, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡæli/ 1. A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually a rowed warship used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era. Labels: historical 2. A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. Labels: UK 3. One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. 4. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel or aircraft; sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose. 5. An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace. 6. An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. Example: It was very nerve-racking. When I was finally able to write the story, I wrote it at the typewriter and never reread it until I had to edit the typos on the printer's galleys for the publication of the book. 7. A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. 8. A representation of a single-masted ship propelled by oars, with three flags and a basket.
Word: gallimaufry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French galimafrée, from Old French calimafree (“stew of various kinds of meats”); further etymology uncertain, but possibly from a combination of Old French galer (“to have fun, to enjoy oneself”) and Old Northern French (Picard) mafrer (“to eat gluttonously”). Pronunciation: /ɡa.lɪˈmɔː.fɹi/ 1. A hash of various kinds of meats; a ragout. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: At length, having discussed in turn pilaus, keebaubs, ollas, and a legion of gallimaufrys not mentioned in the classic pages of Kitchener and Ude, the cook's brain became completely addled by the elaborate and conflicting directions bestowed upon him; […] Example: I have tried many times, but always without success, to ascertain the average daily ration consumed by the Chinese railroad laborer, as a means of comparing their value with that of Americans. The reason this cannot be obtained is because they eat so many oily gallimaufries, alliaceous stews and indescribable vegetable hotchpotches, of which the ingredients are principally brought from China and have Chinese names. 2. Any absurd medley; an elaborate mishmash. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: [O]ur mother tongue, which truly of it ſelfe is both ful enough for proſe, and ſtately enough for verſe, hath long time beene counted moſt bare and barren of both. Which default, when as ſome endeuoured to ſalue and recure, they patched vp the holes with peeces and ragges of other languages; borrowing here of the French, there of the Italian, euery where of the Latine, not weighing how ill thoſe tongues accord with themſelues, but much worſe with ours: So how they haue made our Engliſh tongue a gallimaufrey or hodgepodge of all other ſpeeches. Example: Reader, Gentle or ungentle, I write to all, knowing that all have now got almoſt an equall ſhare and intereſt in this Gallimaufry or Hotchpot which our Grandee Pſeudo-Politicians with their negative and demoliſhing Councils have made, both of Church and Commonwealth: […]
Word: galvanization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English galvanize Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English galvanization From galvanize + -ation. 1. The act or process of galvanizing.
Word: gang Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-der. Proto-Germanic *ganganą Proto-West Germanic *gangan Old English gangan Middle English gangen English gang From Middle English gangen, from Old English gangan (“to go, walk, turn out”), from Proto-West Germanic *gangan, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step, walk”). Cognate with Scots gang (“to go on foot, walk”), Swedish gånga (“to walk, go”), Faroese ganga (“to walk”), Icelandic ganga (“to walk, go”), Norwegian Nynorsk ganga (“to walk, go”), Vedic Sanskrit जंहस् (jáṃhas). Ultimately related to etymology 2, which see below. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæŋ/, [ˈɡæŋ], /ˈɡeɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈɡeɪ̯ŋ], /ˈɡɛ̃ŋ/ 1. To go; walk; proceed. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, intransitive Example: (Colin alone) Ah, Colin, thou’rt a prodigal; a thriftless loon thou’st been, that cou’d na’ keep a little pelf to thysall when thou had’st got it; now thou may’st gang in this poor geer to thy live's end, and worse too for aught I can tell; ’faith, mon, ’twas a smeart little bysack of money thou hadst scrap’d together, an the best part of it had na’ being last amongst thy kinsfolk, in the Isles of Skey and Mull; muckle gude may it do the weams of them that ha’ it! There was Jamie MacGregor and Sawney MacNab, and the twa braw lads of Kinruddin, with old Charley MacDougall, my mother's first husband's second cousin: by my sol I cou’d na’ see such near relations, and gentlemen of sich auncient families gang upon bare feet, while I rode a horseback: I had been na’ true Scot, an I cou’d na’ ge’en a countryman a gude last upon occasion (as he is going out, Miss Aubrey enters.) Example: "And am I to meet my Mary at Moffat? Come away, little, dear, welcome body, thou blessed of heaven, come away, and taste of an auld shepherd's best cheer, and I'll gang foot for foot with you to Moffat, and my auld wife shall gang foot for foot with us too. I tell you, little, blessed, and welcome crile, come along with me."