nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: trucker Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English *trukere (“one who disappoints, a deceiver”), from Middle English trukien (“to fail, run out, disappoint”), equivalent to truck (“to fail”) + -er (agent noun suffix). Compare trooker. Pronunciation: /ˈtɹʌkə/, /ˈtɹʌkɚ/ 1. Dishonest; resulting from or inspired by dishonesty. Labels: Scotland, UK, derogatory, dialectal
Word: trucker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- Proto-Indo-European *drem-influ. Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō) Ancient Greek -ῐ́λος (-ĭ́los) Ancient Greek τροχῐ́λος (trokhĭ́los) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā) Ancient Greek τροχῐλείᾱ (trokhĭleíā)der. Medieval Latin trochleader. Anglo-Norman troclebor. Middle English trokel English truckle? English truck Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English trucker From truck (“a vehicle”) + -er (occupational suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈtɹʌkə/, /ˈtɹʌkɚ/ 1. A truck driver. Labels: Canada, UK, US, derogatory, dialectal, informal Example: I says, "Pig Pen, this here's the Rubber Duck We just ain't a-gonna pay no toll." So we crashed the gate doing ninety-eight. I says "Let them truckers roll, 10-4!" Example: He slung wild salmon at a Whole Foods fish counter, lived on beef jerky and Gatorade on a grueling eight-state journey with a long haul trucker, sneaked into giant pig and chicken factory farms with animal activists, and interviewed the equivalent of modern-day slaves in the Thai fishing industry. […] Because of deregulation and the drive to lower costs, Mr. Lorr said, truckers are now regarded by many companies as just another replaceable part. Some can barely eke out a living.
Word: trucker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- Proto-Indo-European *drem-influ. Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō) Ancient Greek -ῐ́λος (-ĭ́los) Ancient Greek τροχῐ́λος (trokhĭ́los) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ία (-ía) Ancient Greek -είᾱ (-eíā) Ancient Greek τροχῐλείᾱ (trokhĭleíā)der. Medieval Latin trochleader. Anglo-Norman troclebor. Middle English trokel English truckle? English truck Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English trucker From truck (“to barter, trade”) + -er (agent noun suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈtɹʌkə/, /ˈtɹʌkɚ/ 1. One who trucks or trafficks, by trade of goods; a trafficker. Labels: UK, archaic, derogatory, dialectal Example: No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls.
Word: criterion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From New Latin criterion, from Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion, “a test, a means of judging”), from κριτής (kritḗs, “judge”), from κρίνω (krínō, “to judge”); see critic. Pronunciation: /kɹɪˈtɪəɹi.ən/, /kɹaɪˈtɪə.ɹi.ən/, /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ 1. A standard, test, or requirement by which individual things or people may be compared and judged; a gauge. Example: Near-synonym: benchmark Example: criterion of choice, of decision, of selection
Word: curriculum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin curriculum (“course”), derived from currō (“run, move quickly”). Doublet of curricle. Pronunciation: /kəˈɹɪk.jʊ.ləm/, /kəˈɹɪk.jə.ləm/ 1. The set of courses, coursework, and content offered at a school or university. Labels: US Example: Perhaps someday my old US history teacher, and men like him, will use The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression in their courses to balance the many explicitly pro–New Deal and prointerventionist texts and presentations that dominate public-school curricula today. Example: But as the effects of climate change have become more visible in recent years, and the breadth of the transformation needed to fight it has become clear, law schools, med schools, literature programs, economics departments and more are incorporating climate into their undergraduate curriculums, grappling with how climate will transform their fields and attempting to prepare students to face those transformations in the labor market. 2. The set of standards schools are required to teach all students. Labels: Australia, Canada, Philippines, UK Example: Drawing on texts recommended in curricula and controlling for two countries with benchmarked curricula improves the external representativeness of the corpus. 3. A racecourse; a place for running. Labels: obsolete
Word: eater Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English eter, etere, etter, from Old English etere; equivalent to eat + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix) (food suitable for eating). Pronunciation: /ˈiː.tɚ/, /ˈiː.ɾɚ/, /ˈiː.tə/ 1. A person or animal who eats. Example: a very fussy eater Example: "He is the right sort of man for a labourer, but he is a terrible eater, to be sure," thought the farmer. 2. A fruit or other food that is suitable for eating, especially one that is intended to be eaten uncooked. Example: The bass is a fine eater. Example: For the British market, apples are classed as early, mid-season, or late, and subdivided into eaters or cookers. 3. A configuration of cells that appears to consume another configuration by gradually causing it to disappear. Example: But there are many queen bee configurations in which the debris is neutralized, including placement of a block or eater near the bee's turnaround point, or placing two queen bees in a line or at right angles in various positions and phases. Example: The eater can also destroy a snail, but changes its phase while doing so.
Word: ecologist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From eco- + -logist. The less common sense “environmentalist” might be from association with deep ecology, or influenced by Romance-language equivalents such as Spanish ecologista (“environmentalist”). Pronunciation: /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/, /ɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ 1. A scholar of ecology. Example: Planting trees to combat climate change is a waste of time, according to a study by ecologists who say that most forests do not have any overall effect on global temperature, while those furthest from the equator could actually be making global warming worse. Example: Once ecologists have more thoroughly identified indoor species, they hope to come up with strategies to scientifically manage homes, by eliminating harmful taxa and fostering species beneficial to our health. 2. An environmentalist (one who advocates for the protection of the environment). Labels: uncommon Example: Protest actions of this type served to take debate, and the Basque ecologists, onto the street and to encourage people to carry out principled actions such as the eco-sabotage at Itoiz. Example: Despite the accomplishments and the vision of radical ecologists, however, most of the world's power is presently concentrated in economic systems and political institutions that bring about environmental deterioration.
Word: datum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-redup. Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti Proto-Italic *didō Latin dō Latin datusnom. Latin datumlbor. English datum Learned borrowing from Latin datum, a nominalization of datus, perfect passive participle of dō, from Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplication of *deh₃-, or from *-ti. Doublet of die. Pronunciation: /ˈdeɪtəm/, /ˈdætəm/, /ˈdɑːtəm/ 1. Something known or assumed as fact, and is made the basis of reasoning or inference which an intellectual system of any sort (such as knowledge or theoretical framework) is constructed. Example: a datum of experience Example: given this datum, it follows that 2. Singular of data: A single recorded phenomenon, especially obtained by scientific work. Labels: form-of, singular Example: Holonym: data set 3. A point, line, plane, or surface with reference to which positions (such as elevations) are measured or indicated. (Examples include a permanent benchmark in leveling or mean sea level in a topographical survey). Example: A geodetic datum is sometimes also called a benchmark. Example: GD&T tells us that the center of a bolt circle is in fact defined by the locations of the holes themselves, as each is a datum. 4. A floating reference point, or SLDMB, used to evaluate surface currents in a body of water, and often employed by coastal search and rescue.
Word: datum Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-redup. Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti Proto-Italic *didō Latin dō Latin datusnom. Latin datumlbor. English datum Learned borrowing from Latin datum, a nominalization of datus, perfect passive participle of dō, from Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplication of *deh₃-, or from *-ti. Doublet of die. Pronunciation: /ˈdeɪtəm/, /ˈdætəm/, /ˈdɑːtəm/ 1. To provide missing data points by using a mathematical model to extrapolate values that are outside the range of a measuring device. Example: Removing the effects of any period of deformation by datuming or flattening selective reflection horizons should restore the structure prior to the datumed horizon, or the amount of deformation above the datumed horizon. Example: On the left the stacking velocity functions are datumed to sea level and show great disparity.
Word: knocker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English knock Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English knocker From knock + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈnɒk.ə/, [ˈnɒk.ə], /ˈnɔk.ə/, [ˈnɔk.ə] ~ [ˈnɔk.ɐ̝], /ˈnɑk.ɚ/ 1. A device, usually hinged with a striking plate, used for knocking on a door. Example: Knockers in this part of the world seem intended for ornament only, — nobody seems to pay any attention to them when they’re used. Example: His tongue became a staircase, his uvula the knocker / Of an ornate wooden door that led me straight into my future 2. A person who knocks. Example: He was a loud knocker. Despite my usual timidity, after a bit I opened the door. 3. A critic; one who disparages. Example: "I try to give everybody credit," declared the old man. "I am not a knocker. I am not too good for this world." 4. A person who knocks (denigrates) something. Labels: derogatory, informal 5. A person's breast, especially if large. Labels: plural-normally, slang 6. A dwarf, goblin, or sprite imagined to dwell in mines and to indicate the presence of ore by knocking. Labels: archaic 7. A mechanical device in a pinball table that produces a loud percussive noise to signal that a free game has been earned. Example: A good game needs color, lights, bells, gongs, and knockers, all to assure the player he is making progress[…] 8. A person who is strikingly handsome or otherwise admirable; a stunner. Labels: dated, slang 9. A large cockroach, especially Blaberus giganteus, of semitropical America, which is able to produce a loud knocking sound. 10. A large, boulder-shaped outcrop of bedrock in an otherwise low-lying landscape, chiefly associated with a mélange. 11. One who defaults on payment of a wager. Labels: slang Example: To the consternation of those who believed that bookies were 'knockers' (defaulters), he paid his losses with alacrity […] 12. A gun. Labels: slang Example: Lay down on that 'Tussin, I think I'ma snooze (Like, like what?) We keep knockers like this shit essential .22 long rifles, these bullets like pencils Homicide, bodies drop when we bend through Example: Last opper we caught had to pop 'em, shouldn't've left out his crib without knockers 13. An undercover policeman. Labels: slang Example: The knockers around better do what I say so
Word: knocking shop Part of Speech: noun 1. A brothel. Labels: Australia, New-Zealand, UK, slang Example: [A]lways reminds me of one of the costlier knocking-shops, you know—'Maison Japonaise' … Example: Bloody nonsense, "All come together"... Sounds like the motto of a knocking shop in Marrakesh.
Word: ee Part of Speech: noun 1. An eye. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, archaic Example: Each turn'd his face with a ghastly pang / And curs'd me with his ee. Example: […] and he never took his ee aff them, or said another word […]
Word: ee Part of Speech: intj 1. eh Labels: Northern-England Example: Father advanced with outstretched hand and announced in a loud, very hearty voice: "Ee, I'm pleased to meet ye, lad. […] Example: 'Ee by gum lass we've seen nought of thee this many a long year, thou's a sight for sore eyes,' he said planting a kiss firmly on Mum's cheek...
Word: ee Part of Speech: noun 1. Enantiomeric excess.
Word: ee Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of e: the name of the Latin script letter E/e. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el ee en gee tee aitch. Example: I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
Word: ee Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From Cantonese 噫 (ji², interjection). Pronunciation: /iː/, [iː˧˦˧], [iː˦˦˧], [iːː˨˦˧] 1. Ew, yuck; expression of disgust. Labels: Singapore Example: Eee, so commercial some might say.
Word: ee Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈiː/ 1. Alternative form of e (“The second semiquaver (sixteenth note) of a beat”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, informal
Word: eelpout Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old English ǣleputa, equivalent to eel + pout. 1. Any fish of the family Zoarcidae. 2. A yellow flower of uncertain type, possibly the eel-ware, Ranunculus fluitans. Labels: obsolete
Word: argue Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵus Proto-Italic *argus Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Italic *-ō Proto-Italic *arguō Latin arguōder. Old French arguerbor. Middle English arguen English argue From Middle English arguen, from Old French arguer, from Latin arguere (“to declare, show, prove, make clear, reprove, accuse”), q.v. for more. Displaced native Old English flītan and reċċan. Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.ɡjuː/, /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ 1. To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply. Example: The new increase in crime argues for even tougher jail sentences, according to some. Example: To have killed Laploshka was one thing; to have kept his beloved money would have argued a callousness of feeling of which I was not capable. 2. To debate, disagree, or discuss opposing or differing viewpoints; to controvert; to wrangle. Labels: intransitive Example: He also argued for stronger methods to be used against China. Example: He argued as follows: America should stop Lend-Lease convoying, because it needs to fortify its own Army with the supplies. 3. To have an argument, a quarrel. Labels: intransitive Example: Dave Merrill: You and Dad were arguing again. Kate Merrill: We weren't arguing. We were talking... loudly. 4. To present (a viewpoint or an argument therefor). Labels: transitive Example: He argued his point. Example: He argued that America should stop Lend-Lease convoying because it needed to fortify its own Army with the supplies. 5. To prove. Labels: obsolete, transitive 6. To accuse. Labels: obsolete, transitive
Word: diagnosis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwísder. Ancient Greek διά (diá) Ancient Greek δια- (dia-) Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱétider. Proto-Hellenic *gignṓskō Ancient Greek γῐγνώσκω (gĭgnṓskō) Ancient Greek δῐαγῐγνώσκω (dĭagĭgnṓskō) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́γνωσῐς (dĭắgnōsĭs)der. Latin diagnōsisder. English diagnosis From Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis), from διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “to discern”), from διά (diá, “through”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”). Pronunciation: /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ 1. The process of, or an instance of, identification of the nature and cause of a medical condition or illness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Diagnosis is a challenging art informed by wide-ranging science. Example: He was given the wrong treatment due to an erroneous diagnosis. 2. The process of, or an instance of, identification of the nature and cause of something (of any nature). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Diagnosis is part of being an automotive mechanic. Example: Her diagnosis of the current economic situation is that central banks are overcorrecting. 3. A written description of a species or other taxon serving to distinguish that species from all others; especially a description written and published in Latin. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The repeated exposure, over decades, to most taxa here treated has resulted in repeated modifications of both diagnoses and discussions, as initial ideas of the various taxa underwent—often repeated—conceptual modification.
Word: diagnosis Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwísder. Ancient Greek διά (diá) Ancient Greek δια- (dia-) Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱétider. Proto-Hellenic *gignṓskō Ancient Greek γῐγνώσκω (gĭgnṓskō) Ancient Greek δῐαγῐγνώσκω (dĭagĭgnṓskō) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́γνωσῐς (dĭắgnōsĭs)der. Latin diagnōsisder. English diagnosis From Latin diagnōsis, from Ancient Greek διάγνωσις (diágnōsis), from διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “to discern”), from διά (diá, “through”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”). Pronunciation: /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ 1. Synonym of diagnose. Labels: nonstandard, proscribed, rare Example: Experienced mechanics can diagnosis the condition of machinery just by listening.
Word: ellipsis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin ellīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔλλειψις (élleipsis, “omission”). Doublet of ellipse. Pronunciation: /ɪˈlɪp.sɪs/ 1. A mark consisting of multiple full stops (with or without spaces), used to indicate omitted, missing, or illegible words; or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The ellipsis in 1, 2, 3, ..., 8, 9 means that the numbers 4, 5, 6, and 7 are not explicitly included, but are considered to be part of the pattern. Example: The ellipsis in 0.333... means that the number is a repeating decimal, having threes that go on forever. 2. The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context. Labels: countable, rhetoric, uncountable 3. The omission of scenes in a film that do not advance the plot. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It was now possible for writers and directors to cut scenes that did not further the plot; called "ellipses" by filmmakers. 4. An ellipse. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable
Word: focus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Related to fuel. Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) : "One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points." Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfɵ̞ʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfoʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfɔʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfəʉ.kəs/ 1. A point at which reflected or refracted rays of light converge. Labels: countable Example: The heat of sunlight at the focus of a magnifying glass can easily set dry leaves on fire. 2. A point of a conic at which rays reflected from a curve or surface converge. Labels: countable 3. The fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium. Labels: uncountable Example: Unfortunately, the license plate is out of focus in this image. Example: Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus.[…]A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale. 4. The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium. Labels: uncountable Example: During this scene, the boy’s face shifts subtly from soft focus into sharp focus. 5. Concentration of attention. Labels: uncountable Example: I believe I can bring the high degree of focus required for this important job. 6. Something to which activity, attention or interest is primarily directed. Labels: countable Example: My studies are my main focus right now. 7. The exact point of where an earthquake occurs, in three dimensions (underneath the epicentre). Labels: countable Example: The earthquake's focus was at exactly 37 degrees north, 18 degrees south, seventy five meters below the ground. 8. The status of being the currently active element in a user interface, often indicated by a visual highlight. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Text entered at the keyboard or pasted from a clipboard is sent to the component which currently has the focus. 9. The most important word or phrase in a sentence or passage, or the one that imparts information. Labels: countable, uncountable 10. An object used in casting a magic spell. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Candles, in fact, are an essential ingredient in many spells. They can be used as either the focus of the spell or as a component that sets the spell's overall mood and tone. 11. The centre of an older fish's scale, which is the point where a younger fish's scale starts to grow from. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: focus Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Related to fuel. Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) : "One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points." Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfɵ̞ʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfoʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfɔʊ̯.kəs/, /ˈfəʉ.kəs/ 1. To cause (rays of light, etc) to converge at a single point. Labels: transitive Example: The difficulties of focussing colour-light signals on curved tracks to ensure maximum sighting distance were underlined in the recent official report [...] on a low-speed collision at Newcastle Central on July 25, 1960, between an unfitted freight and a diesel-hauled passenger train. 2. To adjust (a lens, an optical instrument) in order to position an image with respect to the focal plane. Labels: transitive Example: You'll need to focus the microscope carefully in order to capture the full detail of this surface. 3. To adjust itself or be adjusted such that light from a scene converges appropriately to create a clear image. Labels: intransitive, usually Example: I can't get the lens to focus. Example: The camera focuses automatically on the subject's eyes. 4. To direct attention, effort, or energy to a particular audience or task. Labels: transitive Example: The president focused her remarks on the newcomers. 5. To concentrate one’s attention. Labels: intransitive Example: If you're going to beat your competitors, you need to focus. 6. To concentrate one's attention on something; to have as one's central point of interest, concern, etc. Labels: intransitive Example: I have to focus on my work. 7. To transfer the input focus to (a visual element), so that it receives subsequent input. Labels: transitive Example: The text box won't receive the user's keystrokes unless you explicitly focus it. 8. To aggregate figures of accounts. Example: Whole pages of it are filled with masses of figures, generally single numbers added up in batches, and then the totals added in batches again, as though he were "focusing" some account, as the auditors put it.
Word: formula Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin fōrmula (“a small pattern or mold, form, rule, principle, method, formula”), diminutive of forma (“a form”). See form. Pronunciation: /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/, /ˈfɔɹ.mjə.lə/, /ˈfoː.mjə.lə/ 1. Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: x=(-b±√)/(2a) is a formula for finding the roots of the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0. 2. A symbolic expression of the structure of a compound. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: H₂O is the formula for water. 3. A plan or method for dealing with a problem or for achieving a result. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The company's winning formula includes excellent service and quality products. Example: Shakespeare has gone back to the formula of last season, by encouraging his players to press high up the pitch and restoring Shinji Okazaki to the starting XI to scurry around between midfield and attack. 4. A formulation; a prescription; a mixture or solution made in a prescribed manner; the identity and quantities of ingredients of such a mixture. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The formula of the rocket fuel has not been revealed. 5. A fixed phrase or set of words intended to be interpreted non-literally, typically used attitudinally or as part of convention; a formulation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Avoid the typical epistolic formalae, such as "Kind regards". 6. A formal statement of doctrine. Labels: countable, especially, uncountable Example: The extract from the Missal of Constance, which was printed before the editio princeps […] does not contain the formulae for Advent, Sundays after Epiphany, Lent and the Sundays after Easter and Pentecost; […] 7. Ellipsis of infant formula, drink given to babies to substitute for mother's milk. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable Example: They tried switching formulas, and it seemed to work: the baby seemed more content while feeding. Example: Many women advocate for formula, insisting that women who advocate breast-feeding have become self-righteous “lactavists,” as one writer puts it. 8. A syntactic expression of a proposition, built up from quantifiers, logical connectives, variables, relation and operation symbols, and, depending on the type of logic, possibly other operators such as modal, temporal, deontic or epistemic ones. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fungus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin fungus (“mushroom”). Displaced native Old English swamm. Pronunciation: /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/, /ˈfʊŋ.ɡəs/ 1. A eukaryotic organism of the kingdom Fungi typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field. 2. The flesh of such an organism. Labels: uncountable 3. A spongy, abnormal excrescence, such as excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable
Word: hypothesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Recorded since 1596, from Middle French hypothese, from Late Latin hypothesis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis, “base, basis of an argument, supposition”, literally “a placing under”), itself from ὑποτίθημι (hupotíthēmi, “to set before, suggest”), from ὑπό (hupó, “below”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”). Compare hypothec. Pronunciation: /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, /hɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, /həˈpɒθɪsɪs/, /-əsəs/, /-əsɪs/ 1. A tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem and that can be tested by further observation, investigation, or experimentation. Example: This hypothesis goes by many names, including group resistence, the threshold effect, and the gender paradox. Because the hypothesis holds such wide appeal, it is worth revisiting the logic behind it. The hypothesis is built on the factual observation that fewer females than males act antisocially. Example: Far too many of us have been taught in school that a scientist, in the course of trying to figure something out, will first come up with a "hypothesis" (a guess or surmise—not necessarily even an "educated" guess). ... [But t]he word "hypothesis" should be used, in science, exclusively for a reasoned, sensible, knowledge-informed explanation for why some phenomenon exists or occurs. An hypothesis can be as yet untested; can have already been tested; may have been falsified; may have not yet been falsified, although tested; or may have been tested in a myriad of ways countless times without being falsified; and it may come to be universally accepted by the scientific community. An understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, requires a grasp of the principles underlying Occam's Razor and Karl Popper's thought in regard to "falsifiability"—including the notion that any respectable scientific hypothesis must, in principle, be "capable of" being proven wrong (if it should, in fact, just happen to be wrong), but none can ever be proved to be true. One aspect of a proper understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, is that only a vanishingly small percentage of hypotheses could ever potentially become a theory. 2. An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation. Labels: general 3. The antecedent of a conditional statement.
Word: medium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin medium, neuter of medius (“middle”), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). Compare middle. Doublet of mid, medio, media, and meson. Pronunciation: /ˈmiː.di.əm/ 1. One of several common sizes to which an item may be manufactured, smaller than a large but larger than a small. Labels: especially, noun-from-verb, uncountable 2. An item labelled or denoted as being that size. Labels: countable, especially, noun-from-verb 3. One who fits an item of that size. Labels: countable, especially, noun-from-verb 4. A half-pint serving of Guinness (or other stout in some regions). Labels: Ireland, countable, dated, informal, noun-from-verb
Word: medium Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin medium, neuter of medius (“middle”), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). Compare middle. Doublet of mid, medio, media, and meson. Pronunciation: /ˈmiː.di.əm/ 1. Arithmetically average. Labels: not-comparable, noun-from-verb, obsolete 2. Of intermediate size, degree, amount etc. Labels: not-comparable, noun-from-verb 3. Of meat, cooked to a point greater than rare but less than well done; typically, so the meat is still red in the centre. Labels: not-comparable, noun-from-verb 4. That is medium (the manufactured size). Labels: especially, not-comparable, noun-from-verb
Word: medium Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Borrowed from Latin medium, neuter of medius (“middle”), from Proto-Italic *meðjos, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between”). Compare middle. Doublet of mid, medio, media, and meson. Pronunciation: /ˈmiː.di.əm/ 1. To a medium extent. Labels: not-comparable, noun-from-verb
Word: oasis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Late Latin Oasis, from Ancient Greek Ὄασις (Óasis), from Demotic Egyptian wḥj, from Egyptian wḥꜣt (“oasis, cauldron”), G43-V28-G1-X1:N25 Compare Sahidic Coptic ⲟⲩⲁϩⲉ (ouahe) and Arabic وَاحَة (wāḥa). Pronunciation: /əʊˈeɪsɪs/, /əʊˈeɪsəs/, /oʊˈeɪsɪs/, /oʊˈeɪsəs/ 1. A spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert. Example: It was the Lost Oasis, the Oasis of the vision in the sand. […] Deep-hidden in the hollow, beneath the cliffs, it lay; and round it the happy verdure spread for many a rood. […] Yes, the quest was ended, the Lost Oasis was the Found! Example: It was now a beautiful, moonlit night. The air was crisp and invigorating. Behind them lay the interminable vista of the desert, dotted here and there with an occasional oasis. 2. A quiet, peaceful place or situation separated from surrounding noise or bustle. Labels: figuratively Example: The park was an oasis in the middle of the busy city. 3. A place or situation of fruitfulness or abundance separated from surrounding barrenness or scarcity. Labels: figuratively Example: [T]here is no true American music but the wild sweet melodies of the Negro slave; the American fairy tales and folklore are Indian and African; and, all in all, we black men seem the sole oasis of simple faith and reverence in a dusty desert of dollars and smartness. Example: I have tried to find friends like me […] but have failed to form even one prolonged relationship. Only a few of them could understand how I felt and a couple of them allowed me to express my love as intimately and vigorously as I wanted to. But for these two oases, I have lived all these years in an emotional void.
Word: parenthesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Late Latin parenthesis (“addition of a letter to a syllable in a word”), itself borrowed from Ancient Greek παρένθεσις (parénthesis, “insertion”). By surface analysis, par- + en- + thesis. Pronunciation: /pəˈɹɛn.θə.sɪs/ 1. A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: How expressive this little parenthesis: "Sakuntalâ makes a chiding gesture with her finger"! 2. Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly US) round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: There be five manner of points and divisions most used among cunning men; the which if they be well used, make the sentence very light and easy to be understood, both to the reader and hearer: and they be these, virgil,—come,—parenthesis,—plain point,—interrogative[…] it is a slender stroke leaning forward, betokening a little short rest, without any perfectness yet of sentence. Example: Whoever introduced the several points, it seems that a full-point, a point called come, answering to our colon-point, a point called virgil answering to our comma-point, the parenthesis-points and interrogative-point, were used at the close of the fourteenth, or beginning of the fifteenth century. 3. A digression; the use of such digressions. Labels: countable, rhetoric, uncountable Example: Mr. Trevanion was one of those talkers, who are too much engrossed with their own subject matter to have much attention to bestow elsewhere; with them silence is attention. Ethel's wandering eye, and lip, tremulous with its effort to speak, would never have attracted his notice. To his utter astonishment, she interrupted a parenthesis, as brilliant as the rocket which it depicted, by saying,— "Mr. Trevanion, I do not know what you will think of my boldness, but I must speak to you." Example: Ryan Bingham (George Clooney): I thought I was a part of your life. Alex Goran (Vera Farmiga): I thought we signed up for the same thing[…] I thought our relationship was perfectly clear. You are an escape. You're a break from our normal lives. You're a parenthesis. Ryan Bingham (George Clooney): I'm a parenthesis? 4. Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the components of a vector or the elements of a matrix. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: phenomenon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der. Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō) Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon)bor. Late Latin phaenomenonder. English phenomenon From Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing appearing to view”), neuter present middle participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “I show”). Pronunciation: /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/, /fɪ-/, /fəˈnɑ.məˌnɑn/, /-nən/, /fəˈnɔm.ə.nɔn/ 1. A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses; or a fact or occurrence thereof. Example: The year 1866 was signalised by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten. Example: The Indians, making a hasty inference from a trivial phenomenon, arrived unawares at a probably correct conclusion. 2. A knowable thing or event (e.g. by inference, especially in science). Labels: broadly Example: An electromagnetic phenomenon. 3. A kind or type of phenomenon (sense 1 or 2). Example: A volcanic eruption is an impressive phenomenon. 4. Appearance; a perceptible aspect of something that is mutable. Example: I verily believe that in the Moon there are no rains, for if Clouds should gather in any part thereof, as they do about the Earth, they would thereupon hide from our sight some of those things, which we with the Telescope behold in the Moon, and in a word, would some way or other change its Phœnomenon. 5. A fact or event considered very unusual, curious, or astonishing by those who witness it. Example: The phenomenon of a huge blazing fire, upon the opposite bank of the glen, again presented itself to the eye of the watchman. . . . He resolved to examine more nearly the object of his wonder. Example: Not much later—perhaps only two or three weeks later he has discovered meaning in them; he knows that they say "The cat sat on the hat." How this happens no one really knows, despite the efforts of philosophers and psychologists over two and a half millennia to study the phenomenon. [...] Indeed, this discovery of meaning in symbols may be the most astounding intellectual feat that any human being ever performs—and most humans perform it before they are seven years old! 6. A wonderful or very remarkable person or thing. Example: "This, sir," said Mr Vincent Crummles, bringing the maiden forward, "this is the infant phenomenon—Miss Ninetta Crummles." Example: But, all the same, you're a phenomenon, and as queer a phenomenon as you are a blackguard. 7. An experienced object whose constitution reflects the order and conceptual structure imposed upon it by the human mind (especially by the powers of perception and understanding). Example: Every "phenomenon" must be, at any rate, partly subjective or dependent on the subject. Example: The Kantian phenomenon is the real as we are compelled to think it.
Word: series Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ser-der. Proto-Italic *serō Latin serō Proto-Italic *-jēs Latin -iēs Latin seriēsbor. English series Attested from the 1610s; borrowed from Latin seriēs, from serere (“to join together, bind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Related to desert, insert, sermon, and sorcerer. Pronunciation: /ˈsɪə.ɹiːz/, /ˈsɪː.ɹiːz/, /ˈsɪɹ.iz/, /ˈsiɹ.iz/, /ˈsɪəɹi.ɪz/ 1. A number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other. Example: A series of seemingly inconsequential events led cumulatively to the fall of the company. Example: When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him.[…]. The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timid dog on a choke chain. 2. A television or radio program consisting of several episodes that are broadcast at regular intervals. Example: Friends was one of the most successful television series in recent years. 3. Synonym of season (“one of the groups of episodes that together make up a whole series”). Labels: UK Example: I enjoyed the third series of Friends. 4. The sequence of partial sums ∑ᵢ₌₁ⁿa_i of a given sequence aᵢ. Example: The harmonic series has been much studied. 5. A group of matches between two sides, with the aim being to win more matches than the opposition. Example: The Blue Jays are playing the Yankees in a four-game series. 6. The optional taxonomic rank above order/subseries, but below superorder. 7. The optional taxonomic rank above group, but below epifamily. 8. A subdivision of a genus, a taxonomic rank below that of section (and subsection) but above that of species. 9. A parcel of rough diamonds of assorted qualities. 10. A set of consonants that share a particular phonetic or phonological feature. 11. A period, stretch of time. Labels: dated Example: A series of ill health, however, rendered it expedient for him to return to England Example: Is it credible that everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power, constitute only a part, and such a small part, of future punishment; and such too, as, after a series of torment, must, next to being made happy, be the most acceptable thing to befall them?
Word: stimulus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ 1. An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour. Example: an economic stimulus Example: From the beginning of the show to the end, vanity is the sole stimulus and reward of action—vanity, that never looks beyond the present. 2. Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response, or that affects any of the sensory apparatuses. Example: Even light nonpainful stimuli can provoke or exacerbate spontaneous pain; this is not limited to tactile, thermal, or vibratory stimuli, because auditory, visual, olfactory, and visceral stimuli also may be problematic. 3. A stinging part on the body of a plant or insect. Example: Many plants, like many animals, are furnished with arms for their protection; these are either aculei, prickles […]; or stimuli, stings, as in the nettles, which are armed with a venomous fluid for the annoyance of naked animals.
Word: stratum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”). Doublet of estrade and street. Pronunciation: /ˈstɹɑː.təm/, /ˈstɹeɪ.təm/, [ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm], /ˈstɹæt.əm/, [ˈstɹæɾ.əm] 1. One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another. Example: It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels. Example: He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure." 2. A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout. Example: An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed. 3. Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers. 4. A layer of tissue. 5. A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status. 6. A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height. 7. The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network. Example: Computers that synchronize themselves to the stratum 1 time servers are known as stratum 2 time servers if they allow others to synchronize to them, and so on. 8. A historical layer of a language.
Word: synthesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin synthesis, from Ancient Greek σύνθεσις (súnthesis, “a putting together; composition”), from συντίθημι (suntíthēmi, “put together, combine”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “set, place”). Doublet of sandhi. Pronunciation: /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/, /ˈsənθəsəs/ 1. The formation of something complex or coherent by combining simpler things. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In its synthesis of different art forms and various techniques, Tongues Untied actually represented a departure for Riggs, whose previous work […] had been in a relatively traditional documentary format. 2. Creation of a complex waveform by summation of simpler waveforms. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The reaction of elements or compounds to form more complex compounds. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A deduction from the general to the particular, by applying the rules of logic to a premise. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The combination of thesis and antithesis. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information with other information and intelligence for final interpretation. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. An apt arrangement of elements of a text, especially for euphony. Labels: countable, rhetoric, uncountable 8. The uniting of ideas into a sentence. Labels: countable, uncountable 9. The reunion of parts that have been divided. Labels: countable, uncountable 10. An Ancient Roman dining-garment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The Saturnalia was apparently the only occasion, however, when the synthesis could be worn in public with decorum.
Word: synopsis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Late Latin synopsis, itself from Ancient Greek σύνοψις (súnopsis), from σύν (sún, “with or whole”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”) meaning whole view. Pronunciation: /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/, /sɪˈnɑpsɪs/ 1. A brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work. Example: The following Synopsis is intended as a monograph of those species of the order hitherto discovered… Example: In the following synopsis of the history of the United States the principal events are briefly mentioned… 2. A reference work containing brief articles that taken together give an overview of an entire field. 3. A prayer book for use by the laity of the church.