nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: zugzwang Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Zugzwang, from Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”). Pronunciation: /ˈzʌɡzwæŋ/, /ˈzʊɡ-/, /ˈzuːɡ-/, /-swæŋ/, /-zwɑŋ/ 1. A situation in which a player is forced to make a disadvantageous move; a position where any legal move will worsen a player's situation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In such a position his condition will get worse step by step until he is forced, by the necessity of making a move, to relax his hold on, or weaken, some key point, and his game collapses. A combination directed to bring about such a catastrophe is called by the Germans Zugzwang (compulsion to move), and the player who succumbs under it is said to have got into Zugzwang. 2. A situation in which someone is forced to make a disadvantageous move. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: An explanation for this phenomenon may be that speech acts that include instructions (e.g., a command or request) show a higher level of activity than speech acts of assertion; the ethnomethodological analysis of conversation speaks of conversational Zugzwänge:²⁴ a request, a question or a command demands a reaction of the addressee. Example: Here, too, it is Russia that, ironically, is in Zugzwang. Because the central rationale of Moscow's occupation of Crimea was the defense of supposedly threatened Russians, Putin and his minions must continue insisting that Ukraine's Russians are under threat and that their right are being systematically violated.
Word: zugzwang Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From German Zugzwang, from Zug (“move”) + Zwang (“compulsion”). Pronunciation: /ˈzʌɡzwæŋ/, /ˈzʊɡ-/, /ˈzuːɡ-/, /-swæŋ/, /-zwɑŋ/ 1. To force (a player) into a situation where they must make a disadvantageous move. Labels: transitive
Word: vaivode Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Hungarian vajvoda (now vajda). Pronunciation: /ˈveɪvəʊd/ 1. Alternative form of voivode. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: waywode Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Variant of voivode, representing an early Hungarian form. Pronunciation: /ˈweɪwəʊd/ 1. Alternative form of voivode. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: fewmet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Apparently from Anglo-Norman *fumets, from Latin fumāre (“it smokes, steams”). Attested since the fifteenth century. Compare fumet, apparently from French fumier (“dung”). 1. Alternative spelling of fumet (“deer dung”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, archaic, countable, uncountable Example: for if the Hartes haue had any disturbaunce, or haue bene hurte, then they make theyr fewmet oftentimes drie, burned and sharpe at that one ende Example: For by his slot, his entries, and his port, His frayings, fewmets, he [the stag] doth promise sport
Word: profiteer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English profit Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Middle French -ierder. English -eer English profiteer From profit + -eer. Pronunciation: /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/ 1. One who makes an unreasonable profit not justified by cost or risk, a rent-seeker. Labels: derogatory
Word: profiteer Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree English profit Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Old French -ier Middle French -ierder. English -eer English profiteer From profit + -eer. Pronunciation: /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/ 1. To make an unreasonable profit not justified by cost or risk.
Word: volplane Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French vol plané (“gliding flight”). Pronunciation: /ˈvɒlpleɪn/ 1. A steep, controlled dive, especially by an aircraft with the engine off.
Word: volplane Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From French vol plané (“gliding flight”). Pronunciation: /ˈvɒlpleɪn/ 1. To perform a volplane. Example: 1916, Wilfred Percy ("Billie") Nevill, letter, in 1991, Ruth Elwin Harris (editor), Billie: The Nevill Letters, 1914-1916, Julia Macrae, page 143, […] when well over the bosche lines & he volplaned home, just skimmed over our & the Bosche trenches, they all fired at him like sin, of course, and landed about 1000 yards back on a hill. Example: Curtains of vapor drift back to reveal the Americans, volplaning along well inside ten meters and only a little faster than the balloon. 2. To glide.
Word: fixed feast Part of Speech: noun 1. an annual celebration that is held on the same calendar date every year, such as Christmas (December 25)
Word: moveable feast Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of movable feast. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: flagitious Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Old French flagitieux or Latin flāgitiōsus, both ultimately from flāgitium (“shameful crime”), related to flagrum (“whip”). Pronunciation: /fləˈdʒɪʃəs/ 1. Guilty of terrible crimes; wicked, criminal. Labels: literary Example: This young Nobleman was not only a flagitious Punster himself, but was accessary to the Punning of others, by Consent, by Provocation, by Connivance, and by Defence of the Evil committed […] . Example: The duke found his soldiery half disciplined, flagitious, disorderly and inefficient: he rendered them, in his own words, a "perfect organ." 2. Extremely brutal or wicked; heinous, monstrous. Labels: literary Example: But if in Noble Minds ſome Dregs remain, / Not yet purg'd off, of Spleen and ſow'r Diſdain, / Diſcharge that Rage on more Provoking Crimes, / Nor fear a Dearth on theſe Flagitious Times. Example: Less extensively mischievous, tyrannicide would be less flagitious than populicide; murder of one, though he were a Secretary of State; or—but imagination must stop here—than murder of a promiscuous multitude of unarmed men, women, and children.
Word: flavescent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: 19th century. From Latin flavescens. By surface analysis, Latin flāv(us) + -escent. Pronunciation: /fləˈvɛs.ənt/ 1. yellowish in colour, or turning yellow
Word: flour gold Part of Speech: noun 1. Fine gold dust and low-grain nuggets commonly recovered by prospectors. Labels: uncountable
Word: full frontal nudity Part of Speech: noun 1. Human nakedness, either directly observed or pictorially depicted, viewed from the front such that the complete torso and all external sex organs are visible. Labels: uncountable Example: Full frontal nudity is out, but both female and male backsides are a familiar sight. Example: Until recently, female full-frontal nudity has been vastly more visible outside of pornographic representation, though one might claim male sexual embodiment to be more representable given that male genitalia are more prominently visible and the state of male arousal more easily legible.
Word: Gaelophone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English Gael Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der. Proto-Hellenic *pʰōnā́ Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ)der. English -phone English Gaelophone From Gael + -o- + -phone. 1. A speaker of Gaelic.
Word: ghyll Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gille, gylle, from Old Norse gil, from Proto-Germanic *gilją. Pronunciation: /ɡɪl/ 1. A ravine. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland
Word: gold mine Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɡəʊldˌmaɪn/, /ˈɡoʊldˌmaɪn/ 1. A mine for gold ore or metal. Example: South Africa has many goldmines. 2. A very profitable economic venture. Labels: idiomatic Example: This oil deposit is a regular gold mine. We make more and more money every year! Example: The possessors of Salisbury & Yeovil Railway shares had ample compensation for the anxiety which the first few years of the company's existence had given them, for the concern proved a veritable gold mine. 3. A plentiful stockpile of something sought-after. Labels: idiomatic Example: The Smithsonian Institution is a goldmine of knowledge, but like most mines, you have to dig for the good stuff.
Word: gracile Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French gracil, gracile (“slender, thin”) (modern French gracile (“gracile”)), or directly from its etymon Latin gracilis (“slender, slim, thin; lean, meagre, scanty; simple, unadorned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kerḱ- (“to become thin; to wane”). The sense “graceful or gracefully slender” was apparently influenced by the non-cognate word grace. The English word is cognate with Italian gracile (“delicate, frail; slender, thin”), Portuguese grácil, Spanish grácil (“graceful; delicate; slender”), and a doublet of gracilis. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹæsaɪl/, /-sɪl/, /ˈɡɹæˌsaɪl/, /ˈɡɹæsəl/, /ˈɡɹeɪˌsaɪl/ 1. Lean, slender, thin. Labels: also, figuratively Example: [T]hoſe Trees that are called Firs by the Vulgar (from their near conformity and likeneſs to that Tree) are well known by all Learned Men (by the Redneſs, the Roſinous Nature of the Wood, the Gracil Cones hanging downwards, &c.) to be the true Pitch-Tree, of which there are ſuch great plenty in Norway, Sweden, and other Countries of the North, [...] Example: Maxillary palpi shorter than the antennæ, the terminal joint small, gracile, subulated; [...] 2. Of an animal or skeletal element: having a slender frame. Example: This tentative comparison, plus consideration of individual skulls, shows the Neolithic pre-Greeks more Mediterranean than the Greeks, with emphasis on intermediate or gracile Mediterranean rather more than on the rugged Basic White trend, [...] Example: Where stratified fossil sequences are known, "gracile" fossils precede robust ones. The extremely robust hominids do not appear on the scene until about 2 million years ago, followed shortly thereafter by an "advanced" gracile. Both the advanced gracile and robust forms probably evolved from earlier gracile australopithecines. 3. Graceful or gracefully slender. Example: [A] band of dancers run upon the stage and perform a sylvan dance with gracile wavings of branches or the clinking of cymbals. Example: Then Herr Spinnell turned his back and got away from there. Followed by the jubliations of the little Klŏterjahn, holding his arm in a certain cautious and stiffly gracile manner, he walked over the gravel with the vehement, yet hesitating steps of one who seeks to hide the fact that he is—inwardly—on the run.
Word: trochees Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of trochee Labels: form-of, plural
Word: trew Part of Speech: adj 1. Obsolete form of true. Labels: alt-of, obsolete
Word: trews Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Scottish Gaelic triubhas, from Middle Irish triubus. Pronunciation: /tɹuːz/ 1. Trousers, especially if close-fitting and tartan. Labels: UK, plural, plural-only
Word: quibbler Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From quibble + -er. 1. Somebody who quibbles.
Word: ruination Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English ruin Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English ruination From ruin + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɹuː.ɪˈneɪʃən/ 1. The state of being ruined, a state of devastation or destruction. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: As our tour has shown, the state of ruination of castle sites was a key factor in their fate when the railways came through. 2. The act of ruining or wrecking. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The cause of being ruined, destroyed or lost. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A loss of reputation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Yet also thanks largely to Trump, a parallel disaster is unfolding across the world: the ruination of America’s reputation as a safe, trustworthy, competent international leader and partner.
Word: rhinoplastic Part of Speech: adj 1. Pertaining to rhinoplasty.
Word: ruction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: 1825, of unknown origin, possibly from eruption or insurrection. Possibly related to the Irish insurrection of 1798. Pronunciation: /ˈɹʌk.ʃən/ 1. A noisy quarrel or fight. Example: “If you do want to go home, here’s your whip. Don’t fall off. Say to her you wanted it, or there might be ructions.” Example: She could see there were going to be ructions. Sure enough there'd be a scene between them, when Sebastian found what Tilly had been up to.
Word: jeopard Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English juparte, from jupartie (“jeopardy”) and Old French jeu partir. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɛpə(ɹ)d/ 1. To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury Labels: archaic, transitive Example: So they com vnto Carlion · where of hys knyghtꝭ were paſſynge glad // And whan they herde of hys aduentures / they mervayled that he wolde Iouꝑde his ꝑſon ſo a lone / But all men of worſhip ſeyde hit was myrry to be vnđ ſuch a chyfftayne that wolde putte hys ꝑſon in adventure as oþ̃ poure knyghtis ded // Example: It ſemed therfore to vs a goode thynge[…]to ſende choſyn men vnto you / with oure beloved Barnabas and Paul / men that have ieoperded theyr lives / for the name of oure lorde Ieſus Chriſt.
Word: waddy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown. Pronunciation: /ˈwɒdi/ 1. A cowboy. Labels: colloquial Example: This is how it was with the old waddies, aint it? Example: If I ever meet one of you Texas waddies that says he never drank from a horse track I think I will shake his hand and give him a Daniel Webster cigar.
Word: waddy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Dharug wadi (“stick, weapon”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɒdi/ 1. A club or heavy stick used by Aboriginal Australians for fighting and hunting; a nulla-nulla. Labels: Australia Example: I should have told you that many of the Amity Paint tribe, which is more numerous than the other two settlement tribes, were deficient of spears and shields, having nothing but waddies and boomerangs. Example: 1840 May—August, Robert Montgomery Martin (editor), Van Diemen's Land, The Colonial Magazine and Commercial-maritime Journal, Volume 2, page 76, In the mean while women, children, and remote stock-keepers fell under the unerring spears or death-dealing waddies of an enemy, the first indication of whose appearance was consectaneous with the stroke that reft his victim of life. 2. A piece of wood; a stick or peg; also, a walking stick. Labels: Australia
Word: waddy Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Dharug wadi (“stick, weapon”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɒdi/ 1. To strike or beat with a waddy. Labels: Australia, transitive
Word: wampumpeag Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Massachusett wampompeage (“string of white beads used as money”), from wamp, wap, wompi (“white”) + *umpe (“string”) + -ag (plural suffix). Compare peag (“string of white beads used as money”), also a clipping of wampumpeag. Cognates Penobscot wʌ̃pʌ̃pəyak (singular wʌ̃pʌ̃pi) Pronunciation: /ˈwɒmpəmpiːɡ/, /ˈwɑmpəmpiɡ/ 1. Synonym of wampum (“small cylindrical beads made from polished shells (especially white ones) which have been strung together, formerly used by Native American peoples of eastern North America for various purposes including as jewellery and money, and for record-keeping”). Labels: uncountable Example: [A] Sagamore with a Humberd in his eare for a pendant, a black havvke on his occiput for his plume, Movvhackees for his gold chaine, good ſtore of VVampompeage begirting his loynes, his bovv in his hand, his quiver at his back, vvith ſix naked Indian ſplatterlaſhes at his heeles for his guard, thinkes himſelfe little inferiour to the great Cham; hee vvill not ſtick to ſay, hee is all one vvith King Charles.
Word: wanhope Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English wanhope, equivalent to wan- + hope. Cognate with Scots wanhop, wanhope (“wanhope, despair”), West Frisian wanhope (“wanhope, despair”), Dutch wanhoop (“despair”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɒnhəʊp/, /ˈwɑnhoʊp/ 1. Lack of hope; hopelessness; despair. Labels: UK, archaic, dialectal, uncountable, usually Example: Wanhope: a fine English word, suggesting unhope of Langland's story of the cats and the mice, and described in Ipotis,[…] Example: If[…]such good old English words as inwit and wanhope should be rehabilitated (and they have been pushing up their heads for thirty years), we should gain a great deal. (Collected essays, 1928, III.68) 2. Vain hope; overconfidence; delusion. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: wan- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: From Middle English wan-, from Old English wan-, from Proto-West Germanic *wana-, from Proto-Germanic *wanaz (“lacking, missing, deficient”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to be lacking, be empty”). Pronunciation: /wɒn/ 1. Preceding nouns and adjectives with the sense “bad”, “un-”. Labels: idiomatic, morpheme
Word: legalism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From legal + -ism. Piecewise doublet of loyalism. 1. The focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense. Labels: uncountable 2. A belief that salvation is attained or maintained by adherence to the requirements of moral law; salvation by works rather than by faith alone. Labels: derogatory, often, uncountable 3. A legal axiom, term or rule. Labels: countable 4. Alternative letter-case form of Legalism. Labels: Chinese, alt-of, uncountable
Word: leftward Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English left Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Old English -weard English -ward English leftward From left + -ward. 1. To or from the left. Example: This is seen as abnormal rapid leftward motion of the septum during preejection followed by rightward (paradoxical) motion. Example: Yes, the Democratic Party's sharp leftward pivot might have nuked the Never Trump movement all on its own, because it is leaving no sane alternatives to [Donald] Trump.
Word: leftward Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English left Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Old English -weard English -ward English leftward From left + -ward. 1. To or from the left. Example: Rightward and leftward rise the rocks
Word: festinate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in 1556; Borrowed from Latin festīnātus, perfect passive participle of festīnō (“to hurry”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈfɛs.tɪˌneɪt/ 1. To become involuntarily quicker, such as when walking or speaking, due to certain disorders. 2. To hurry, make haste. Labels: intransitive 3. To accelerate, quicken, hasten, hurry (something or someone). Labels: transitive
Word: festinate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in 1556; Borrowed from Latin festīnātus, perfect passive participle of festīnō (“to hurry”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈfɛstɪnət/ 1. Hurried, hasty. Labels: obsolete Example: Advise the Duke where you are going, to a most festinate preparation.
Word: easting Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From east + -ing. 1. The distance east of a standard reference meridian. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A distance traveled eastward. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It was very tiring and slow work, yet I did visibly gain ground; and as we drew near the Cape of the Woods, though I saw I must infallibly miss that point, I had still made some hundred yards of easting. 3. A turning towards the east. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He had, in truth, drunk very little - not a fourth of the quantity which a systematic tippler could carry to church on a Sunday afternoon without a hitch in his eastings or genuflections; but the weakness of Sir John's constitution made mountains of his petty sins in this kind.
Word: methanogenesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *médʰu Proto-Hellenic *métʰu Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu) Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. German -yl German Methylbor. English methyl Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānusder. English -ane English methane Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis Proto-Hellenic *génetis Ancient Greek γένεσῐς (génesĭs)der. Latinbor. English -genesis English methanogenesis From methane + -o- + -genesis. 1. The generation of methane by anaerobic bacteria. Labels: uncountable
Word: methanogen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *médʰu Proto-Hellenic *métʰu Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu) Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. German -yl German Methylbor. English methyl Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānusder. English -ane English methane Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os Proto-Hellenic *génos Ancient Greek γένος (génos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor. French -gènebor. English -gen English methanogen From methane + -o- + -gen. 1. Any of various archaebacteria capable of methanogenesis.
Word: archaebacteria Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of archaebacterium Labels: form-of, plural
Word: false easting Part of Speech: noun 1. A value relating to distance east of a standard meridian but with a constant added to make the numbers convenient. For instance, in UTM the value 500,000 is added to the easting from the center of each zone to return a false easting that is never negative (the smallest true easting is approximately -340,000 which is set to false easting of 160,000).
Word: UTM Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Universal Transverse Mercator, a projection used in mapping. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 2. Initialism of University of Toronto Mississauga. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: UTM Part of Speech: noun 1. Initialism of unified threat management. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, initialism, uncountable 2. Initialism of Universal Turing machine. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, initialism, uncountable 3. Initialism of Urchin Tracking Module. Labels: Internet, abbreviation, alt-of, countable, initialism, uncountable
Word: archaebacterium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-der.? Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ-der.? Ancient Greek ἄρχω (árkhō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek ἀρχή (arkhḗ) Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρχαῖος (ărkhaîos) Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría) ▲ Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)? Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion) Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor. New Latin bactēriumbor. English bacterium English archaebacterium From Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρχαῖος (ărkhaîos, “ancient”) + English bacterium. 1. Any primitive bacteria-like organism in the kingdom Archaea.
Word: northing Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nér Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros Proto-Germanic *nurþraz Proto-West Germanic *norþr Old English norþ Middle English north English north English -ing English northing From north + -ing. 1. The distance north of a standard reference latitude. 2. A distance traveled northward.
Word: northing Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nér Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Indo-European *nŕ̥t(e)ros Proto-Germanic *nurþraz Proto-West Germanic *norþr Old English norþ Middle English north English north English -ing English northing From north + -ing. 1. present participle and gerund of north Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: false northing Part of Speech: noun 1. A value relating to distance north of a standard latitude but with a constant added to make the numbers convenient. For instance, in UTM, the Southern Hemisphere is assigned negative degrees of latitude, but to avoid negative numbers in northings, a constant value of 10,000,000 is added so that negative numbers for northings do not occur.
Word: preferring Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of prefer Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present 2. present participle and gerund of preferre Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: preferring Part of Speech: noun 1. A preference; the choice of something preferred. Example: He gives our preferrings the bad name of the machinery of motives, but they are just what we feel in ourselves when we decide.
Word: micelle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin mīcella, from mīca (“crumb”) + -ella. Pronunciation: /maɪˈsɛl/, /məˈsɛl/ 1. a colloidal aggregate, in a simple geometric form, of a specific number of amphipathic molecules which forms at a well-defined concentration, called the critical micelle concentration
Word: critical micelle concentration Part of Speech: noun 1. The well-defined concentration at which micelles start to form. Labels: physical
Word: microbiota Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + biota. 1. The microbial community that inhabits a multi-cellular organism, whether the entire organism or a specific body surface. Example: Your body’s microbiome is all the genes your microbiota contains, however colloquially the two terms are often used interchangeably. Example: Caesarean babies eventually acquire the same mix of microbes as those born vaginally — by a year, their microbiota are usually indistinguishable.
Word: microbial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English microbe Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial English microbial From microbe + -ial. Pronunciation: /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/, /maɪˈkɹoʊ.bi.əl/, [mʌɪˈkɹoʊ.bi.əl], /mɑɪˈkɹəʉ.bi.əl/, /mɑɪˈkɹɐʉ.bi.əl/ 1. Of, relating to, or caused by microbes or microorganisms. Labels: not-comparable Example: The close analogies between DNA-containing eukaryotic cell organelles and microbial symbionts require revision of classic cell theory, wrote Scwemmler and Schenk (1980) on introducing the field of endocytobiology. Example: Many genes with reproductive roles also have antibacterial and immune functions, which indicate that the threat of microbial attack on the sperm or egg may be a major influence on rapid evolution during reproduction. 2. Small; tiny; minuscule. Labels: not-comparable Example: As I say, one must not blame the Christians too much for all this - partly because, after the communal periods which I have just mentioned, Christianity was evidently deeply influenced by the rise of Commercialism to which during the last two centuries it has so carefully and piously adapted itself; and partly because - if our view is anywhere near right - this microbial injection of self-consciousness was just the necessary work which (in conjunction with commercialism) it had to perform.
Word: microbial Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English microbe Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial English microbial From microbe + -ial. Pronunciation: /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/, /maɪˈkɹoʊ.bi.əl/, [mʌɪˈkɹoʊ.bi.əl], /mɑɪˈkɹəʉ.bi.əl/, /mɑɪˈkɹɐʉ.bi.əl/ 1. A microbe or bacterium.
Word: microflora Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + flora. 1. Microscopic life, especially the bacterial colonies found in the gut of normal, healthy animals and humans. Example: Deionized water was also used to avoid the influence of naturally presented microflora in tap water on the experiment.
Word: Mindy Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈmɪndi/ 1. A diminutive of the female given name Melinda and of Miranda. Example: Her twin daughters were on the playground equipment. Cynthia and Melinda, reduced to Cindy and Mindy, as Carella had dreaded would happen from the moment she named them.
Word: mikan Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Japanese 蜜柑 (ミカン, mikan), short for 温州蜜柑 (うんしゅうミカン, Unshū mikan, literally “honey citrus of Wēnzhōu”). Pronunciation: /mɪˈkɑːn/, /ˈmɪ.kæn/ 1. An orange seedless citrus fruit Citrus unshiu, originating from Japan, about the size of a tangerine.
Word: habile Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English habil, from Old French habile, from Latin habilis (“suitable; apt”), from habeō (“to handle”). Doublet of able. Pronunciation: /ˈhæbəl/, /ˈhæbɪl/, /ˈhæbaɪl/ 1. Generally able or adroit; handy.
Word: hack job Part of Speech: noun 1. A task that was completed as quickly or cheaply as possible at the expense of quality and attention to detail.
Word: Melinda Part of Speech: name Etymology: Coined in the eighteenth century from names such as Melanie and Melissa + -inda. Pronunciation: /məˈlɪn.də/, /mɛˈlɪn.də/ 1. A female given name originating as a coinage. Example: Her twin daughters were on the playground equipment. Cynthia and Melinda, reduced to Cindy and Mindy, as Carella had dreaded would happen from the moment she named them.
Word: Melinda Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /məˈlɪn.də/, /mɛˈlɪn.də/ 1. Alternative form of Malindi (“town in Kenya”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: hammocking Part of Speech: noun 1. The scheduling of a new or unpopular program between two popular ones in the hope that viewers will watch it. Labels: uncountable Example: Hammocking tries to establish a new program, or to recover the audience for a show slipping in popularity […] Example: Indeed, the acceptance that hammocking and the mixed-schedule is in decline formed an important part of the BBC's argument for new digital channels.
Word: hammocking Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of hammock Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: aidant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English aydaunt, aydant, a borrowing from Old French aidant, from the verb aidier (“to aid, to help”). Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.dənt/ 1. helpful, assisting Labels: obsolete Example: All you unpublished virtues of the earth, / Spring with my tears, be aidant and remediate / In the good man's distress!
Word: aidant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English aydaunt, aydant, a borrowing from Old French aidant, from the verb aidier (“to aid, to help”). Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.dənt/ 1. One who or that which aids; a helper. Labels: rare Example: He said, "The court is now called upon to be an aidant to the enforcement of a judgment in rem, given by the Portuguese court," and then he said […] Example: More hindrances appear evident than aidants, or perhaps more about hindrances and barriers is recognized.
Word: -inda Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Latinized form of Germanic name suffix -lind, -linde (“tender, soft”), such as Sieglinde and Dietlinde, from Proto-Germanic *linþiz (“gentle, mild”) (English lithe). Found in names such as Old High German Irmilinda and Old Dutch Frithelind. See lind, Linda. 1. A component of some female given names. Labels: morpheme
Word: harch Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From march. 1. A command to move forwards, issued by the drum major of a marching band. Example: Forward harch!
Word: micromanipulation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + manipulation. 1. The manipulation of objects too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Micromanipulations are performed in a Petri dish chamber. Example: From then on complete micromanipulation by light was possible with one single piece of equipment. The last decade of this millenium^([sic]) is now witnessing a dramatic expansion of the field. 2. A very small adjustment; a tweak. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Links with concretism are evident in the geometry of the song and in the micromanipulations of words, splits, and pairings, which multiply their suggestions. Example: Finally, I articulated my plan. I would make silly minor adjustments—removing an extra space in between sentences, abbreviating the journal titles, abbreviating a name where it was actually spelled out, rewording something ever so slightly—rather than try to rewrite the paper, which at that point was indeed impossible. […] They barely noticed the micromanipulations. 3. A subtly manipulative act; An interpersonal ploy to influence others without the direct use of power. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The statement "So-and-so is idiotic, and anyone who says otherwise is also idiotic." is a micromanipulation in at least the sense of the intent of isolating the dissidents and other people from each other. Example: In an earlier chapter we examined the way in which women are forced into micromanipulation — that is, interpersonal, intimate influence —to offset men's macromanipulation of the institutional structures and resources of society.
Word: micromanipulator Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English micro- English manipulate English -or English manipulator English micromanipulator From micro- + manipulator. 1. a device, used for micromanipulation, consisting of microscopic needles and instruments viewed through a microscope
Word: micrometeorite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + meteorite (micro- + meteor + -ite). 1. an extraterrestrial particle, less than a millimeter in size, that has survived entry into the atmosphere without melting
Word: micrometeoroid Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English micro- English meteor Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o- Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *wéydos Proto-Hellenic *wéidos Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs) Latin -oīdēslbor. English -oid English meteoroid English micrometeoroid From micro- + meteoroid. 1. an extraterrestrial particle less than a millimeter in size
Word: heliciculture Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From helici- + culture, from the genus of snails Helix, from helix, from Latin helix, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “something twisted”). 1. snail farming Labels: uncountable
Word: micropaleontology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + paleontology. 1. The branch of paleontology dealing with the fossilized microscopic organic remains (microfossils) of the geologic past, including their structure, biology, relationships and distribution. Labels: uncountable
Word: microfossil Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + fossil. 1. A microscopic fossil.
Word: microradiography Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + radiography. 1. the production of enlarged images of the interior of thin specimens by penetration of low-energy X-rays Labels: uncountable
Word: microradiograph Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + radiograph. 1. an enlarged microradiogram, used to study microscopic detail
Word: microradiograph Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From micro- + radiograph. 1. to produce such an image
Word: microtechnique Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From micro- + technique. 1. The art of preparing objects for examination under a microscope. 2. Any small-scale technique. Example: The prominence of domestic fiction suggests the degree to which such power did not in fact rely on overtly juridical or economic means so much as on cultural hegemony, that is, on the notion of the family, norms of sexual behavior, the polite use of language, the regulation of leisure time, and all those microtechniques that constitute the modern subject.
Word: heterothallic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sem- Proto-Indo-European *sḿ̥teros Proto-Hellenic *hə́teros Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros)lbor. English hetero- English thallic English heterothallic From hetero- + thallic. 1. Producing male and female reproductive structures in different plants Labels: not-comparable
Word: heterothallic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sem- Proto-Indo-European *sḿ̥teros Proto-Hellenic *hə́teros Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros)lbor. English hetero- English thallic English heterothallic From hetero- + thallic. 1. Such an alga or fungus
Word: homothallic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From homo- + thallic. 1. Producing male and female reproductive structures in the same plant Labels: not-comparable
Word: homothallic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From homo- + thallic. 1. A homothallic fungus or alga
Word: microwave spectroscopy Part of Speech: noun 1. The study of the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region of the spectrum. Labels: uncountable
Word: hip flask Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From being a flask that was originally meant to be worn on the hip. 1. A container designed to hold small amounts of alcohol, especially spirits, for personal consumption on the go.
Word: waul Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English wraulen, wrawlen (“cry like a cat; roar”). Compare Danish vræle, vråle, Swedish vråla (“to bellow; roar; howl; yell”). See also wrawl. Pronunciation: /wɔːl/ 1. To wail, to cry plaintively. Example: Thou know’st, the first time that we smell the air, / We waul, and cry. Example: The Catapult wauled, "What if some poor man's dog was saved, — it was his comfort and defence; — he shared with the faithful creature his bread and butter: and when he dies, who watches his grave, — who, if we may so say, sheds a tear for the departed? — who, who, but his dog?[…]"
Word: midnight sun Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈmɪdnʌɪt sʌn/, /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt sʌn/ 1. The phenomenon occurring when the Sun does not set but only approaches the horizon at midnight; it occurs near the summer solstice in the polar regions. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: He has only retained three engravings; namely, a map of the country, which is very little known, from Torneo to North Cape; a View of Torneo by the midnight moon; and a View of North Cape by the midnight sun. Example: Locked icebergs splintering through the awful night; / And quenchless midnight suns with their wild scarlet light.
Word: sparrow-fart Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From sparrow + fart. In the dawn sense, apparently from a UK dialect (Yorkshire) from before 1828. 1. A time very early in the day; dawn. Labels: Australia, New-Zealand, UK, slang, uncountable Example: “I was sick of working from sparrow fart as station cook and general dogs-body.” Example: ‘Took a girl to the flicks, had to get her back to Birkenhead, some goon in a tin hat and armband ordered us to take shelter in the Underground. No bloody option. So I didn′t get her home until sparrow-fart and her father didn′t believe us, turned quite nasty.’ 2. A person or thing of no consequence. Labels: countable Example: […] Miss This Miss That Miss Theother lot of sparrowfarts skitting around talking about politics they know as much about as my backside […] Example: ‘The hell with the talented sparrowfarts who write delicately of one small piece of one mere lifetime, when the issues are galaxies, eons, and trillions of souls yet to be born.’
Word: mid-oceanic ridge Part of Speech: noun 1. a mid-ocean ridge
Word: sparrowfart Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of sparrow-fart. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: mid-ocean ridge Part of Speech: noun 1. any of an interconnected system of broad submarine rises formed by plate tectonics
Word: sparrow fart Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of sparrow-fart. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: sparrow's fart Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of sparrow-fart. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: homogamy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From homo- + -gamy. 1. Fertilization of a flower by pollen from the same plant. Labels: uncountable 2. The quality of being homogamous. Labels: uncountable 3. Breeding between similar individuals. Labels: uncountable 4. Marriage or other union between similar people, or people of the same sex. Labels: uncountable Example: Surgeons no longer pursue nurses as they did when the former were most likely men and the latter women; now they go for anaesthetists or other surgeons. In one sense homogamy is desirable, because it means women are less dependent on status-asymmetric marriages; in another, it’s dismal because it constitutes a form of social closure […]
Word: Arrhenius equation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist. 1. An equation which approximates the dependence of the rate of any chemical reaction on the temperature. Labels: physical
Word: stopple Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English stopple, stoppel, stoppell, from Old French estopail, estopaille. By surface analysis, stop + -le. Pronunciation: /ˈstɒpəl/ 1. A plug; a stopper. 2. A projection or lid in a pollen grain that falls away to allow the passage of the pollen tube.
Word: stopple Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English stopple, stoppel, stoppell, from Old French estopail, estopaille. By surface analysis, stop + -le. Pronunciation: /ˈstɒpəl/ 1. To plug; to stop up. Labels: transitive Example: Shut your mouth, dame, / Or with this paper shall I stopple it.
Word: hypotaxis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *upó Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó) Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-)der. English hypo- English taxis English hypotaxis From hypo- + taxis. 1. Syntactic subordination of one clause or construction to another. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: patent medicine Part of Speech: noun 1. A medicine that is protected by a patent. Labels: UK 2. Any medicine with a proprietary formula which can be bought without a prescription, irrespective of whether it is protected by a patent. Labels: US
Word: altar screen Part of Speech: noun 1. Synonym of rood screen.
Word: pasturage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French pasturage (modern French pâturage). By surface analysis, pasture + -age. 1. A pasture; land that is used for pasture. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The grass or other vegetation eaten by livestock and found in a pasture. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The right to graze livestock on a pasture. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: paranoiac Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From paranoia + -ac. Pronunciation: /ˌpæɹəˈnɔɪæk/ 1. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, paranoia. Example: Calm yourselves. The hysteria and opulent paranoiac fantasies that have spread over GCN’s pages in the wake of the general election constitute a reaction both shortsighted and silly.
Word: paranoiac Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From paranoia + -ac. Pronunciation: /ˌpæɹəˈnɔɪæk/ 1. Somebody who has paranoia, a paranoid person. Example: "Prove to me that I'm wrong when I say you are all just like person X from your group!" This is the cry of the bigot, the paranoiac, the pigeonholer, the witchhunter. Why need we prove what is self-evident?
Word: medfly Part of Speech: noun 1. Synonym of Mediterranean fruit fly. Example: Our efforts are directed against species of African origin because these include several notorious pests (such as medfly, Ceratitis capitata), as well as some of the most poorly known ones (species of Dacus feeding on cucurbits).
Word: outspan Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From out + span. Compare Afrikaans uitspan. 1. To release oxen from a harness. Labels: South-Africa, transitive Example: We had outspanned on in a flat covered with close grass about two feet high…The wagons, four in number, were drawn up off the road two abreast.
Word: outspan Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From out + span. Compare Afrikaans uitspan. 1. The place where one releases oxen from a harness. Labels: South-Africa Example: At the outspan or on the road or footpath he shouldered them aside as one walks through standing corn, not aggressively, but with the superb indifference of right and habit unquestioned. 2. An area on a farm kept available for travellers to rest and refresh their animals.
Word: bushveld Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From bush + veld, partial calque of Afrikaans bosveld. 1. A terrain characterized by thick scrubby trees and dense thickets of bush, interspersed with grassy groundcover. Labels: South-Africa Example: When I first arrived at the site, the pair of Bateleur eagles were sitting quietly watching life unfold on the bushveld beneath them.
Word: Rhode Island Red Part of Speech: noun Etymology: After the state of Rhode Island; the breed was developed in Rhode Island and Massachusetts in the late 19th century. 1. A breed of chicken, with various subbreeds, some dual-purpose (for eggs and meat), some primarily layers. Example: Like most pure-bred fowls, a flock of Rhode Island Reds is very pleasing to the eye. But more important is the utility side. They deserve to be placed in the "egg machine" class as well as the Leghorn and the Indian Runner duck. My small flock of 60 Rose Comb Reds made an average of nearly two dozen eggs a day all winter, the spells of extra cold weather not affecting them so much as other breeds. In February the average was three dozen a day, and now often get 45 eggs from the 60 hens. They are more active and require less food than any other breed of the American class, and are excellent mothers. […] My hens received no special care, being fed nothing but kafir, oats and corn [that is, sorghum, oats, and maize], with a wheat field near for green food. Plenty of grit and fresh water are important. For a farm flock they are hard to beat. —Mrs. E.F. Lant, Dennis, Kan.
Word: Leghorn Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians. Doublet of Livorno. Pronunciation: /ˈlɛɡhɔːn/, /ˈlɛɡhɔɹn/ 1. The city of Livorno in Italy. Labels: dated Example: Leghorn was the nearest port of consequence, […] the most likely of any in Italy to assist their plan. (III, ix)
Word: Leghorn Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative letter-case form of leghorn. Labels: alt-of Example: Among the light breeds there are probably more good strains of White Leghorn than any other variety. The Brown Leghorn is not quite so popular but is capable of high yields …. The Black Leghorn is another breed which has enjoyed popularity.
Word: Indian Game Part of Speech: noun 1. A breed of poultry. Labels: uncountable Example: ”Valueless for commercial egg production, the Indian Game is essentially a table breed. See ref. p41. 2. A group of chess openings characterized by the moves 1. d4 Nf6. Labels: uncountable
Word: North Holland Blue Part of Speech: noun 1. A breed of poultry.
Word: and how Part of Speech: phrase Pronunciation: /ˈænd ˈhaʊ/ 1. Used to strongly confirm the preceding utterance. Labels: idiomatic Example: Did it create a disruption? And how! Example: It created a disruption, and how.
Word: Wyandotte Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Wyandot Wendat. Pronunciation: /ˈwaɪənˌdɒt/, /ˈwaɪnˌdɒt/ 1. Alternative spelling of Wyandot. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: As they approached Knaggs recognized among them Jack Brandy, a Wyandotte chief, and George Blue Jacket, a Shawnee chief. Example: The first Indian woman who ever appeared before the Supreme Court as a lawyer was admitted to practice there today. She is Mrs. Lyda B. Conley of Kansas City, a member of the Wyandotte tribe. 2. A placename: 3. A placename: 4. A placename: 5. A placename: Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis
Word: Wyandotte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Wyandot Wendat. Pronunciation: /ˈwaɪənˌdɒt/, /ˈwaɪnˌdɒt/ 1. A member of the Wyandotte people. 2. A breed of poultry. Example: The adaptable Harris picked out Mr. Carrados's most substantial rug and went to sleep, to dream of a wayside cycle shop and tea-rooms where he could devote himself to pedigree Wyandottes. Example: The Wyandotte is the classic example of a fine breed which has been spoiled through over-concentration on eggs to the detriment of other characteristics.
Word: Light Sussex Part of Speech: noun 1. A breed of poultry. Example: “It is only since the first world war that the Light Sussex (above) has been developed as a commercial egg-producer.” See ref. p38.
Word: cushty Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Romani kushto, kushti (“good”). Perhaps influenced by cushy. Pronunciation: /ˈkʊʃ.ti/ 1. Excellent, very good. Labels: Ireland, UK, slang Example: "That's right," said Tom. "You'll be all right, though. The old dame says as how she'll be able to do it cushty. She wouldn't be doing it otherwise. You see, if anything was to happen she'd get done fer murder." Example: I hadn't felt that cushty since the time I went down Our Lady of the Divine Rosary for confession. As I told Father O'Keith, I'd bought some gear off Sunglasses Ron and Paddy the Greek that wasn't entirely kosher.
Word: Marans Part of Speech: noun 1. A small breed of chicken originating in France popular for poultry shows and its eggs, rather than for its meat. Example: The Marans breed deserves inclusion in this review of utility poultry, because of the superb rich brown colour of its eggs.
Word: Marans Part of Speech: name 1. plural of Maran Labels: form-of, plural