nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: peninsula Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin paenīnsula, from paene (“almost”), and īnsula (“island”). Pronunciation: /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/, /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə/, /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/, /pɪˈnɪn.sjʊ.lə/, /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə/ 1. A piece of land projecting into water from a larger land mass. Example: Man cancelling Lisa's inauguration as president: I sentence you to a lifetime of horror on Monster Island. Don't worry, it's just a name. [Lisa and others are chased by fire-breathing monsters] Lisa: He said it was just a name! Man being chased by monsters: What he meant is that Monster Island is actually a peninsula.
Word: junto Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Erroneous adaptation of junta, by assimilation with Spanish nouns in -o. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒʌn.təʊ/, /ˈd͡ʒʊn.təʊ/, /ˈd͡ʒʌn.toʊ/ 1. A group of men assembled for some common purpose; a club, or cabal. Labels: archaic Example: The opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning to night, just moving sufficiently to … keep in the shade of a large tree; …. Example: I was seized and shaken without ceremony, for several minutes, by a junto of very rough-looking individuals.
Word: scrupulous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French scrupuleux, from Latin scrupulosus. Pronunciation: /ˈskɹuː.pjə.ləs/ 1. Exactly and carefully conducted. Example: Come on! You have got to admire their dedication to the rules! These two men are so scrupulous, they would sit at a broken red traffic light for six hours in the middle of the night. “Hey, red is red! We live in a civilized society! Red is red! We stay!” 2. Having scruples or compunctions. 3. Precise; exact or strict. Example: He is scrupulous in his finances. Example: He is a scrupulous businessman and always acts in the best interest of his company. 4. Wrongly feeling guilt or anxiety about one’s morality; suffering from scrupulosity. Example: Because I have a scrupulous conscience, I sometimes need to be reminded that not everything I do is sinful.
Word: inurn Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in-bor. Middle English in- English in- English urn English inurn From in- + urn. 1. To place (the remains of a person who has died) in an urn or other container. Labels: transitive Example: […] the Sepulcher Wherein we saw thee quietly enurn’d Hath op’d his ponderous and Marble iawes, To cast thee vp againe Example: […] it is necessary that he should pass through a period of temporary death, for which state he prepares in the following manner, building to himself a secure and convenient tomb, wherein he lies decently inurned till the appointed moment when he is to arise from his inactive state, and become the inhabitant of another element. 2. To hold or contain (the remains of a person who has died). Labels: transitive Example: Now there are no other remains of its [Hadrian’s mausoleum’s] grandeur than a ball of bronze in the Vatican, which crowned its cupola, and was supposed to inurn the ashes of its Imperial founder. Example: 1826, Caleb Cushing, Eulogy given on 15 July, 1826, in A Selection of Eulogies, Pronounced in the Several States, in Honor of […] John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, Hartford: D.F. Robinson, p. 21, Over the insensible marble, which inurns their ashes, a nation bows prostrate in the lowly attitude of mourning,
Word: entomb Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French entomber (“deposit in a tomb”). Equivalent to en- + tomb. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtuːm/ 1. To deposit (a corpse) in a tomb. Labels: transitive Example: At Cihhu (Cihu), near the town of Dasi (Daxi), 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Taipei on Provincial Highway 7, Chiang Kai-shek lies entombed above ground in a granite and marble coffin in one of his former country villas. The gravesite is “temporary,” as before his death Chiang had requested his body be returned to his native province of Zhejiang in mainland China. 2. To confine (someone or something) in restrictive surroundings. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: You mocking Birds (quoth ſhe) your tunes intombe / VVithin your hollovv ſvvelling feathered breaſts, / […] / Raliſh your nimble notes to pleaſing eares, / Diſtres likes dũps vvhẽ [dumps when] time is kept vvith teares. Example: [A]fter the original Victorian station was demolished and then entombed in concrete in the 1960s, Birmingham New Street became a byword for the worst excesses of the much-loathed Brutalist architecture so widely used to reconstruct inner-city post-war Britain.
Word: gratulation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin grātulātiō, from grātulor. Pronunciation: /ɡɹætjʊˈleɪʃən/, /ɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃən/ 1. A feeling of happiness and satisfaction; joy, especially at one's good fortune. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: Shattuck, all unaccustomed to the practical phenomena of digging, apprehended only cause of gratulation that the investigation was to be the less hindered. 2. The expression of pleasure at someone else's success or luck; congratulation. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: all Heav’n, And happie Constellations on that houre / Shed thir selectest influence; the Earth Gave sign of gratulation Example: —The chorus fell In gratulation on a patriarch's ear, Who in the bosom of his sylvan home With dignity reposed.
Word: froe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Abbreviation of obsolete frower, from froward (“turned away”), referring to the orientation of the blade, at right angles to the handle. From late 16th century. Pronunciation: /fɹəʊ/, /fɹoʊ/ 1. A cleaving tool for splitting cask staves and shingles from a block of wood. Example: Patch shingles on the barn roof: do we have a maul and froe?
Word: froe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See frow. Pronunciation: /fɹəʊ/, /fɹoʊ/ 1. A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. Labels: obsolete Example: 1630, Michael Drayton, Nymphal IV, [from The Muses Elizium], 1793, The Works of the British Poets, Volume 3: Drayton, Carew & Suckling, page 618, Like to thoſe raging frantic froes / For Bacchus' feaſts prepared;
Word: mirthful Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English mirthful, equivalent to mirth + -ful. 1. Filled with mirth. Example: [T]he Feaſt was ſerv'd; the Bowl was crown'd; / To the King's Pleaſure went the mirthful Round: […]
Word: gratulate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested circa 1567; borrowed from Latin grātulātus, perfect active participle of grātulor, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹætjʊleɪt/, /ˈɡɹætʃəleɪt/ 1. To express joy at (an event or situation). Labels: archaic Example: To gratify the good Andronicus, / And gratulate his safe return to Rome, / The people will accept whom he admits. Example: [H]is friends and neareſt companions, / Did gratulate his ſafetie with kinde words, […] 2. To greet, welcome, salute. Labels: archaic Example: Queen Elizabeth. […] Whither away? / Lady Anne. No farther than the Tower; and, as I guess, / Upon the like devotion as yourselves, / To gratulate the gentle princes there. Example: “Regard not that, my brother,” answered Magdalen Græme; “the first successors of Saint Peter himself, were elected not in sunshine but in tempests—not in the halls of the Vatican, but in the subterranean vaults and dungeons of Heathen Rome—they were not gratulated with shouts and salvos of cannon-shot and of musquetry, and the display of artificial fire—no, my brother—but by the hoarse summons of Lictors and Prætors, who came to drag the Fathers of the Church to martyrdom.[…]”
Word: gratulate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested circa 1567; borrowed from Latin grātulātus, perfect active participle of grātulor, see -ate (verb-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹætjʊlət/, /ˈɡɹætʃələt/ 1. Worthy of gratulation. Labels: obsolete Example: Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness: There’s more behind that is more gratulate.
Word: shingle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English shyngel, alteration of Old English sċindel, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā, borrowed from Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula, from Proto-Indo-European *sked- (“to split, scatter”), from *sek- (“to cut”). Doublet of shindle. Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ 1. A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building. Example: I reached St. Asaph, a Bishop's See, where there is a very poor Cathedral Church, covered with Shingles or Tiles 2. A rectangular piece of steel obtained by means of a shingling process involving hammering of puddled steel. 3. A small signboard designating a professional office; this may be both a physical signboard or a metaphoric term for a small production company (a production shingle). Example: He [...] hung a shingle as a barber. Example: When [these attorneys] were born, in the early decades of the 19th century, being a lawyer meant putting out a shingle and representing your neighbors. 4. A word-based n-gram. Example: In the second phase, we produce a list of all the shingles and the documents they appear in, sorted by shingle value.
Word: shingle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English shyngel, alteration of Old English sċindel, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā, borrowed from Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula, from Proto-Indo-European *sked- (“to split, scatter”), from *sek- (“to cut”). Doublet of shindle. Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ 1. To cover with small, thin pieces of building material, with shingles. Labels: transitive 2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the head, like shingles on a roof. Labels: transitive 3. To increase the storage density of (a hard disk) by writing tracks that partially overlap. Labels: transitive
Word: shingle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From dialectal French chingler (“to strap, whip”), from Latin cingula (“girt, belt”), from cingere (“to girt”). Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ 1. To hammer and squeeze material in order to expel cinder and impurities from it, as in metallurgy. Labels: transitive 2. To beat with a shingle. Labels: transitive
Word: shingle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From dialectal French chingler (“to strap, whip”), from Latin cingula (“girt, belt”), from cingere (“to girt”). Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ 1. A punitive strap such as a belt. 2. Any paddle used for corporal punishment. Labels: broadly
Word: shingle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English shingel, chingel, singel (“gravel, pebbles”), cognate with Norwegian Bokmål singel (“pebble(s)”), Norwegian Nynorsk singel (“pebble(s)”), and North Frisian singel (“gravel”), imitative of the sound of water running over such pebbles. Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ 1. Small, smooth pebbles, as found on a beach. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: And naked shingles of the world. Example: You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it. 2. A beach or other shore covered with loose, smooth pebbles. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Underneath a black cliff where the incoming tide smashed on the shingle, they stumbled upon the mail hood of Hrothgar's murdered vassal.
Word: shingles Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin cingulus, variant of cingulum (“girdle”), translating Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē), ζωστήρ (zōstḗr). Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/ 1. Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus. Labels: informal, uncountable Example: From the description, Letha felt sure Jane had herpes zoster, or shingles, which often strikes cancer patients or others with depressed immune systems. Jane spent another week in the Bubble, treated with acyclovir.
Word: shingles Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/ 1. plural of shingle Labels: form-of, plural
Word: congratulate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in 1548; borrowed from Latin congrātulātus, the perfect active participle of Latin congrātulor (“to wish joy, rejoice (with); to congratulate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from con- + grātulor, from grātus (“grateful, pleasing, agreeable, beloved”) + -or. By surface analysis, con- + gratulate. Pronunciation: /kənˈɡɹæt͡ʃ.ʊˌleɪt/, /-t͡ʃ.ə-/, /kənˈɡɹæd͡ʒ.ʊˌleɪt/, /-d͡ʒ.ə-/ 1. To express one’s sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for Example: Remind me to congratulate Dave and Lisa on their wedding. Example: We must congratulate Dave and Lisa on getting married. 2. To consider oneself fortunate in some matter. Labels: reflexive Example: I congratulated myself on the success of my plan.
Word: herpes zoster Part of Speech: noun 1. An acute viral inflammation of the sensory ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves associated with a vesicular eruption and neuralgic pains, caused by reactivation of the Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus, that also causes chicken pox as primoinfection. Labels: uncountable Example: From the description, Letha felt sure Jane had herpes zoster, or shingles, which often strikes cancer patients or others with depressed immune systems. Jane spent another week in the Bubble, treated with acyclovir.
Word: afebrile Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English febrile English afebrile From a- + febrile. 1. Having no fever, without a fever. Labels: not-comparable
Word: cadastral Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from French cadastral (“relating to the cadastre”), from cadastre. 1. of or relating to a cadastre
Word: cadastral Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French cadastral (“relating to the cadastre”), from cadastre. 1. A cadastre.
Word: exoduster Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Exodus (“departure of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt recorded in the Bible”), exodus (“sudden departure of a large number of people”) + -ster (suffix denoting someone who is, is associated with, or does a specified thing) (see the 1899 quotation), alluding to the story of the exodus of Israelites from Egypt which is related in the Book of Exodus in the Bible. Pronunciation: /ˈɛksəʊdʌstə/, /ˈɛksoʊˌdʌstəɹ/ 1. An African-American who migrated from a state along the Mississippi River in the Southern United States to Kansas, mostly between 1879 and 1881 during the Reconstruction era. Labels: US, also, attributive, historical Example: Ingalls [John James Ingalls?] wants congress to appropriate money for the colored exodusters. It strikes us that for a man who is holding on by a strip of his eye-brow, Ingalls is a little too unanimous. Example: Q [by Zebulon Baird Vance]. Goldsboro is about the center of this movement of the colored people to the West?—A. Yes, sir; a large number of ‘exodusters’ have left my section.
Word: persist Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French persister (Modern French persister), from Latin persistere, from per- + sistere (“to stand”). Pronunciation: /pɚˈsɪst/, /pəˈsɪst/ 1. To go on stubbornly or resolutely. Labels: intransitive Example: There is a way in which Britain is certain to have war and its horrors and calamities; it is this--by persisting in her present course of unpreparedness, her apathy, unintelligence, and blindness, and in her disregard of the warnings of the most ordinary political insight, as well as of the example of history. 2. To repeat an utterance. Labels: intransitive 3. To continue to exist. Labels: intransitive Example: Much of this prejudice, indeed, persists; for instance, in the heavy handicappings with which insurance companies saddle their West Indian policies, […] Example: Throughout the period, toothy giants persisted in the oceans. Perhaps the most spectacular was the megalodon shark. 4. To continue to be; to remain. Labels: copulative, intransitive, obsolete 5. To cause to persist; make permanent. Labels: transitive Example: This would not be saved after his session terminates because we don't have an actual user identity to allow us to persist the settings. Example: While hashtags aren't formally part of Twitter, some clients, such as Tweetdeck, will persist hashtags across replies to create a sort of message threading.
Word: imputation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French imputation, from Latin imputatio. Pronunciation: /ˌɪm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. That which has been imputed or charged. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: "If nothing is found you withdraw all imputation against this gentleman?" demanded the Inspector of the girl. 3. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the imputation of the sin of Adam Example: the imputation of the righteousness of Christ 5. Opinion; intimation; hint. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: All the legends of the past, and all the stupefying imputations of Henry Akeley’s letters and exhibits, welled up in my memory to heighten the atmosphere of tension and growing menace. 6. The process of replacing missing data with substituted values. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. The statistical inference of unobserved genotypes. Labels: countable, uncountable 8. A distribution that is efficient and individually rational. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fatigue Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin fatīgārelbor. French fatiguerdeverb. French fatiguebor. English fatigue From French fatigue, from fatiguer, from Latin fatīgāre (“to weary, tire, vex, harass”). Pronunciation: /fəˈtiːɡ/ 1. A weariness caused by exertion; exhaustion. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: My husband stayed for some days with the magistrate at Cardwell, recruiting his health and recovering from his fatigues, for the passage between Cape York and Cardwell had proved the most tedious and anxious part of the voyage. Example: Alan Pardew finished by far the most frustrated man at the Emirates, blaming fatigue for the fact that Arsenal were able to kill his team off in the dying minutes. 2. A menial task or tasks, especially in the military. Labels: countable, in-plural, often, uncountable Example: Moreover, the habits of business are the most enduring of any; and Lord Norbourne's most positive enjoyment was in what are called the fatigues of office. 3. Weakening and eventual failure of material, typically by cracking leading to complete separation, caused by repeated application of mechanical stress to the material. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Mechanical failures due to fatigue have been the subject of engineering efforts for more than 150 years. Example: An investigation found that the rail had fragmented as trains passed over it, and that the likely cause was "rolling contact fatigue" defined as multiple surface-breaking cracks. Repeated high loading had caused fatigue cracks to grow, resulting in what is called gauge corner cracking. 4. Attributive form of fatigues (“military clothing worn when doing menial tasks”). Labels: US, attributive, countable, form-of, uncountable Example: He was slouched in the chair behind the duty officer’s desk, cigarette dangling from his lips, hands thrust deep into his fatigue pockets, making a display of his disrespect. The acting clerk, cowering behind his own desk, was either afraid to insist he assume a more military posture, or else didn’t care. Example: He reluctantly took the map from his camouflage fatigue pocket.
Word: fatigue Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Latin fatīgārelbor. French fatiguerbor. English fatigue From French fatiguer, from Latin fatīgāre (“to weary, tire, vex, harass”). Pronunciation: /fəˈtiːɡ/ 1. To tire or make weary by physical or mental exertion. Labels: transitive 2. To wilt a salad by dressing or tossing it. Labels: transitive Example: The handsome, silver-haired proprietor was absorbed in fatiguing a salad for a family party. 3. To lose so much strength or energy that one becomes tired, weary, feeble or exhausted. Labels: intransitive 4. To undergo the process of fatigue; to fail as a result of fatigue. Labels: intransitive 5. To cause to undergo the process of fatigue. Labels: transitive Example: The repeated pressurization cycles fatigued the airplane's metal skin until it eventually broke up in flight.
Word: purgative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French purgatif. 1. purging
Word: purgative Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French purgatif. 1. something, such as a substance or medicine, that purges; laxative
Word: defilement Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English defile Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English defilement From defile + -ment. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfaɪəlmənt/ 1. The act of defiling. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Time has taken a terrible revenge upon mankind for his despoliation of the valleys and his defilement of the mountains, yet the industries and the railways of South Wales still put the bravest front upon an outlook which all may hope is becoming less saddening and less grim. Example: The new law also applies to acts of defilement besides burning, such as publicly ripping a flag up. Public display of the Nazi swastika and other Nazi symbols is already banned in Germany. 2. The state of being defiled. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The protection of the interior walls of a fortification from enfilading fire, as by covering them, or by a high parapet on the exposed side. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: defile Part of Speech: verb Etymology: PIE word *dwís The verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following: * filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-). * file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above). The noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiː-/, /dəˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ 1. To march in a single file or line; to file. Labels: also, archaic, figuratively, intransitive Example: Without delay, he briſkly attacked them, as they were defiling from a lane and forming themſelves. Example: Several bodies of troops defiled towards the frontiers under various pretences; and the whole being ſuddenly aſſembled, formed an army with which the duke of Guiſe [Francis, Duke of Guise] made an unexpected march towards Calais. 2. To march across (a place) in files or lines. Labels: also, figuratively, obsolete, transitive
Word: defile Part of Speech: noun Etymology: PIE word *dwís The verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to march; to parade”), from dé- (prefix indicating actions are done more strongly or vigorously) + one or both of the following: * filer (“to thread through (a crowd)”) (from Late Latin filāre, from Latin fīlum (“fibre, filament, string, thread”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-). * file (“line of objects placed one after the other, file”), from filer (see above), or fil (“thread, yarn; wire”), from Old French fil, from Latin fīlum (see above). The noun is borrowed from French défilé (“parade, procession”), a noun use of the past participle of défiler (verb); see above. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiː-/, /dəˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ 1. A narrow passage or way (originally (military), one which soldiers could only march through in a single file or line), especially a narrow gorge or pass between mountains. Labels: also, figuratively Example: VVe had one dangerous Place to paſs, vvhich our Guide told us, if there vvere any more VVolves in the Country, vve ſhould find them there; and this vvas in a ſmall Plain, ſurrounded vvith VVoods on every Side, and a long narrovv Defile or Lane, vvhich vve vvere to paſs to get through the VVood, and then vve ſhould come to the Village vvhere vve vvere to lodge. Example: Conſtantine had taken poſt in a defile about half a mile in breadth, between a ſteep hill and a deep moraſs, and in that ſituation he ſteadily expected and repulſed the firſt attack of the enemy. 2. An act of marching in files or lines. Labels: also, figuratively 3. A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file. Labels: also, figuratively
Word: defile Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread”) (compare Middle French desfilher (“to unthread”)), from dé- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + enfiler (“to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)”) (from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into; on, on to’) + filer (verb) or file (noun); see etymology 2). The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiː-/, /dəˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ 1. Synonym of defilade (“to fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire”). Labels: also, figuratively, rare, transitive
Word: defile Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The verb is borrowed from French défiler (“to arrange soldiers or fortify (something) as a protection from enfilading fire; to unthread”) (compare Middle French desfilher (“to unthread”)), from dé- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + enfiler (“to rake with gunfire, enfilade; to string on to a thread; to thread (a needle)”) (from en- (prefix meaning ‘in, into; on, on to’) + filer (verb) or file (noun); see etymology 2). The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiː-/, /dəˈfaɪl/, /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ 1. An act of defilading a fortress or other place, or of raising the exterior works in order to protect the interior. Labels: also, figuratively, rare
Word: arcsecond Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From arc + second. 1. A unit of angle; 1/60th of an arcminute, or 1/3600th of a degree.
Word: confidential Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin cōnfīdentia + English -al. Possibly a calque of French confidentiel. First attested in 1641. Pronunciation: /ˌkɒn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/, /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/, /ˌkɔn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/, /ˌkɑn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/, /ˌkɔn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/ 1. Kept, or meant to be kept, secret within a certain circle of persons; not intended to be known publicly. Example: The newspaper claims a leaked confidential report by the government admits to problems with corrupt MPs. Example: […]I have a communication of a very private—indeed, I will say, of a sacredly confidential nature, which I desire to make to you. 2. Inclined to share confidences; (of things) making people inclined to share confidences; involving the sharing of confidences. Labels: dated Example: Sitting in front of the fire, they became quite confidential, and began to gossip. Example: Long, long would it be ere Miss Crawford′s name passed his lips again, or she could hope for a renewal of such confidential intercourse as had been. 3. Having someone's confidence or trust; having a position requiring trust; worthy of being trusted with confidences. Labels: dated Example: a confidential agent Example: a confidential servant
Word: decorator Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From decorate + -or. Pronunciation: /ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, /ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtɚ/ 1. Someone who decorates. 2. Painter and wallpaperer of buildings. Labels: UK
Word: hang out one's shingle Part of Speech: verb 1. To open an office or business, especially in a profession. Labels: idiomatic Example: She's good enough at fixing vacuum cleaners that she should hang out her shingle and try making some money at it.
Word: systems design Part of Speech: noun 1. The process or art of defining the hardware and software architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a computer system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the application of systems theory to computing. Some overlap with the discipline of systems analysis appears inevitable. Design tools such as UML now address some of the issues of computer systems design and interfacing. Labels: uncountable
Word: evaluate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Back-formation from evaluation. Pronunciation: /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/, /ɪˈvæl.juˌeɪt/, /ɪˈvæl.jəˌeɪt/ 1. To draw conclusions from examining; to assess; to appraise. Labels: transitive Example: It will take several years to evaluate the material gathered in the survey. Example: Death is a factor that changes all our views as we are forced to evaluate our worth and what ultimately matters in life. 2. To compute or determine the value of (an expression). Labels: transitive Example: Evaluate this integral. 3. To return or have a specific value. Labels: intransitive Example: Since element (15.1) evaluates to an element of the center in any alternative algebra, (15.1) has to evaluate to a scalar multiple of the identity element of the Cayley-Dickson algebra. Example: In one type of such an integral, the integrand is only the probability density function, and the integral evaluates to a probability, which of course is a scalar.
Word: resume Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Anglo-Norman resumer, Middle French resumer, from Latin resumere, from re- + sumere (“to take”). Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈzjuːm/, /ɹɪˈʒum/, /ɹəˈʒum/, /ɹɪˈzum/, /ɹəˈzum/ 1. To take back possession of (something) Labels: archaic, transitive Example: Ladies and gentlemen, please resume your seats. Example: As to the advice you give, to resume my estate, I am determined not to litigate with my father, let what will be the consequence to myself. 2. To summarise. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: He […] used to say that each separate death had taught him something new about death, and that he was going to resume this knowledge in a philosophic essay about dying. 3. To start (something) again that has been stopped or paused from the point at which it was stopped or paused; continue, carry on. Labels: transitive Example: We will resume this discussion tomorrow at nine. Example: No man wiſhed more for the high establiſhment of the Royal Family than he did ; but he thought the Prince would do himſelf more honour by giving up the trappings of royalty at this moment, than by reſuming them. 4. To start again after an interruption or pause. Labels: intransitive Example: Normal service has resumed. Example: 1991, The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America, 43 CFR 5451.4, Office of the Federal Register, page 68. Before operations resume, a reduced bond shall be increased to the amount of a full
Word: resume Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French résumé, past participle of résumer (“to summarize”), from Latin resūmere (“to take back”); compare resume. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɛz.(j)ʊˌmeɪ/, /ɹɪˈzjuː.meɪ/, /ˈɹɛz.ə.meɪ/, /ˈɹɛ.sʊ.meɪ/, /-ʃʊ-/ 1. A summary or synopsis. Example: He had scanned the resumé of the three previous instalments, and was abut to commence the story[.] 2. A summary or account of education and employment experiences and qualifications; a curriculum vitae (often for presentation to a potential future employer when applying for a job). Labels: Australia, Canada, US
Word: distraction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French distraction, from Latin distractio. Equivalent to distract + -ion. Pronunciation: /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/ 1. Something that distracts. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Poking one's eye is a good distraction from a hurting toe. Example: At last the Duke of Anjou arrived, dressed, as his brother said, to distraction. 2. The process of being distracted. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We have to reduce distraction in class if we want students to achieve good results. Example: The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about "creating compelling content", or offering services that let you "stay up to date with what your friends are doing",[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention. 3. Perturbation; disorder; disturbance; confusion. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It's true that the Copernican Systeme introduceth distraction in the universe of Aristotle. 4. Mental disarray; a deranged state of mind; insanity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The incessant nightmares drove him to distraction. Example: […] if he speak the words of an oath in a strange language, thinking they signify something else, or if he spake in his sleep, or deliration, or distraction, it is no oath, and so not obligatory. 5. Traction so exerted as to separate surfaces normally opposed. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable
Word: distract Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin distractus, from distrahō (“to pull apart”), from dis- + trahō (“to pull”). Pronunciation: /dɪˈstɹækt/ 1. To divert the attention of. Labels: transitive Example: The crowd was distracted by a helicopter hovering over the stadium when the only goal of the game was scored. Example: While Gunners boss Arsene Wenger had warned his players against letting the pre-match festivities distract them from the task at hand, they clearly struggled for fluency early on. 2. To divert (attention). Labels: transitive Example: It is recorded in the Talmud that there was no water organ [...] at the Temple, because of its sweet and powerful voice which was able to distract attention from the traditional instruments. 3. To make crazy or insane; to drive to distraction. Labels: transitive Example: By Heav’ns, ſuch Virtues, join’d with ſuch Succeſs, Diſtract my very Soul: Our Father’s Fortune Wou’d almoſt tempt us to renounce his Precepts.
Word: distract Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin distractus, from distrahō (“to pull apart”), from dis- + trahō (“to pull”). Pronunciation: /dɪˈstɹækt/ 1. Drawn asunder; separated. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete 2. Insane, mad. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: Ol[ivia]. […] Fetch Maluolio hither, / And yet alas, novv I remember me, / They ſay poore Gentleman, he's much diſtract. […] Did he vvrite this? / Clo[wn]. I [aye] Madame. / Du[ke Orsino]. This ſauours not much of diſtraction. Example: Alone ſhee beeing left the ſpoyle of loue and death, / In labour of her griefe outrageouſly diſtract, / The utmoſt of her ſpleene on her falſe Lord to act […]
Word: uncontrolled Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- English controlled English uncontrolled From un- + controlled. 1. Not controlled; not under control. Example: Into the gnarled uncontrolled hand swaying over the bunk the dog laid his paw. 2. Lacking the usual traffic control devices, such as traffic lights, pedestrian signals, pavement markings, traffic signs, or a crossing guard. Example: uncontrolled crossing Example: uncontrolled intersection
Word: gruel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gruel, gruwel, greuel, growel (“meal or flour made from beans, lentils, etc.”), from Old French gruel (“coarse meal; > French gruau”), from Medieval Latin grutellum, diminutive of Medieval Latin grutum (“flour; meal”), from a Germanic source, likely Old English grūt (“meal; grout”) or perhaps Frankish *grūt; both from Proto-Germanic *grūtiz (“ground material; grit”). Compare Dutch gruit, Middle Low German grūt, Middle High German grūz, German Grütze (“grout”). Related also to English groats, grit. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹuːəl/, /ɡɹuːl/, /ɡɹʊəl/ 1. A thin, watery porridge, formerly eaten primarily by the poor and the ill. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]her own cook at South End, a young woman hired for the time, who never had been able to understand what she meant by a basin of nice smooth gruel, thin, but not too thin. Example: […]Father had one of his awful colds, so Dora persuaded him not to go to London, but to stay cosy and warm in the study, and she made him some gruel. She makes it better than Eliza does; Eliza's gruel is all little lumps, and when you suck them it is dry oatmeal inside. 2. Punishment. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Something that lacks substance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: thin gruel 4. Sentimental poetry. Labels: US, countable, obsolete, slang, uncountable 5. Semen. Labels: UK, countable, slang, uncountable
Word: gruel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From the noun above. 1. To exhaust, use up, disable. Labels: transitive 2. To punish. Labels: transitive 3. Ejaculate. Labels: UK, slang
Word: artificial horizon Part of Speech: noun 1. An instrument that displays the pitch and roll of an aircraft in flight by comparing its attitude to a gyroscopically-maintained indication of the flat horizon line. 2. A small trough containing mercury, the surface of which shows a reflection of the celestial bodies. Labels: obsolete
Word: formidable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English formidable, from Old French formidable, formible, from Latin formīdābilis (“formidable, terrible”) (whence -able), from formīdō (“fear, dread”). Pronunciation: /fɔːˈmɪdəbəl/, /fəˈmɪdəbəl/, /ˈfɔɹmɪdəbəl/, /fɔɹˈmɪdəbəl/ 1. Causing fear, dread, awe, or discouragement as a result of size, strength, or some other impressive feature; commanding respect; causing wonder or astonishment. Example: The latter part of the fifteenth century prepared a train of future events, that ended by raising France to a formidable power, which has ever since been, from time to time, the principal object of jealousy to the other European nations. Example: […] and I am more afraid of those people than I am of Anytus and his colleagues, although they are formidable enough. 2. Difficult to defeat or overcome. Example: a formidable opponent Example: As I look back on that week in China two impressions stand out most vividly. One is the awesome sight of the disciplined but wildly—almost fanatically—enthusiastic audience at the gymnastic exhibition in Peking, confirming my belief that we must cultivate China during the next few decades while it is still learning to develop its national strength and potential. Otherwise we will one day be confronted with the most formidable enemy that has ever existed in the history of the world.
Word: tutelary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin tūtēlārius (“guardian”), from tūtēla (“tutelage, guardianship; dependent, client”) + -ārius (suffix denoting an agent of use); analysable as tutelar + -ary. Pronunciation: /ˈtjuːtɪləɹɪ/, /ˈtutɪlɛɹɪ/ 1. Relating to guardianship or protection. Example: When a minor is involved, tutelary powers frequently accompany powers of attorney. Example: [I]n the firſt of Henry the ſixth, the Company of Armorers in London were incorporated by the name of the fraternite of Saint George: which queſtionleſſe reflected on him, though not as Patron ſpecially of this Realme of England, yet as the tutelarie Saint of militarie men. Elſe to what purpose ſhould the Armorers, whoſe trade is onely deſtinate to the uſe of Souldiers, be made a Corporation by his name, and under his protection. 2. Of or pertaining to a guardian. Example: My uncle is always happy to discharge his tutelary responsibilities towards me. Example: [T]he Duke withdrew him to Roan, and from thence to the King of France, to craue his aid, putting him in minde of, the faithfull ſeruice his father had done him: how he was his homager, vnder his tutelarie charge, and had no other ſanctuary of ſuccour to flie vnto, in this caſe of his mutinous and turbulent nobilitie; the effect whereof was of dangerous conſequence to that Crowne. 3. Having the qualities of a tutor. Example: She loved him so passionately, and he was so godlike in her eyes; and being, though untrained, instinctively refined, her nature cried for his tutelary guidance. And thus, though Tess kept repeating to herself, 'I can never be his wife,' the words were vain.
Word: tutelary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin tūtēlārius (“guardian”), from tūtēla (“tutelage, guardianship; dependent, client”) + -ārius (suffix denoting an agent of use); analysable as tutelar + -ary. Pronunciation: /ˈtjuːtɪləɹɪ/, /ˈtutɪlɛɹɪ/ 1. A deity or spirit serving as a guardian or protector of a place, person, culture, etc.; a tutelar, a tutelary deity. Example: The qualifications demanded in a tutelary are activity combined with power over the minor malignant devils. Thus most of the superior celestial Buddhas and Bodhisats may be, and are, tutelaries. But the favourite ones are the great demon-kings, […] Example: Thus, various Amerind tribes are devoted to foot-racing; yet the races are not tests of swiftness so much as divinatory or invocatory acts designed to appeal to tutelaries, and are usually set by seasons for planting or harvesting or hunting.
Word: Peltier Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈpɛltie/ 1. A surname from French.
Word: Peltier effect Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after French physicist Jean C. A. Peltier (1785–1845), the discoverer of the effect. 1. A thermoelectric effect which occurs when current is passed through a thermocouple causing one side of the Peltier to heat up and the other to cool down, used in computing as a cooling process.
Word: Peltier cooling Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after French physicist Jean C. A. Peltier (1785–1845) 1. The process of cooling computer components via the Peltier effect. Labels: uncountable
Word: Seebeck effect Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after Estonian physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770–1831), the discoverer of the effect. 1. the thermodynamic effect by which heat being passed through a thermocouple is converted into electricity
Word: sapient Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English sapient (“learned, wise”), from Old French sapient, or from its etymon Latin sapient-, a stem of sapiēns (“(adjective) discerning, judicious, wise; (noun) wise man, sage”), the present active participle of sapiō (“to have a flavour of, taste like; (figurative) to have good taste; to have discernment or sense; to be prudent, sensible, or wise”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-, *sep- (“to taste; to try out”). Doublet of savant. The noun is derived from the adjective, and also influenced by Latin sapiēns (noun) (see above). Pronunciation: /ˈseɪ.pi.ənt/, /ˈsæ-/ 1. Possessing discernment and wisdom; learned, wise. Labels: formal Example: [To Edgar] Come ſit thou here moſt learned Iuſtice / [To the Fool] Thou ſapient ſir ſit here, […] Example: Spot more delicious then thoſe Gardens feign’d / Or of reviv’d Adonis, or renovvnd / Alcinous, hoſt of old Laertes Son [Odysseus], / Or that, not Myſtic, vvhere the Sapient King [Solomon] / Held dalliance vvith his faire Egyptian Spouſe. 2. Attempting to appear discerning or wise. Labels: broadly, derogatory, ironic Example: Novv tell me, dignified and ſapient ſir, / My man of morals, nurtur'd in the ſhades / Of Academus, is this falſe or true? Example: VVell! but a leſſening of prodigal expences, and the œconomy vvhich has been introduced by the virtuous and ſapient aſſembly, makes amends for the loſſes ſuſtained in the receipt of revenue. 3. Followed by of: aware or knowledgeable of. Labels: broadly, rare 4. Of a lifeform or species: possessing intelligence or a high degree of self-awareness. Labels: broadly Example: When EXPLORATION blazed through space / The first sky-trail to far-flung stars, / And found men, sapient, on Mars, / He gained renown's most honored place. Example: It was inhabited by a sapient humanoid race, and some of them were civilized enough to put it in Class V, and Colonial Office doctrine on Class V planets was rigid. 5. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Homo sapiens (modern human beings). 6. Having a (good) flavour or taste; sapid. Labels: obsolete, rare
Word: sapient Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English sapient (“learned, wise”), from Old French sapient, or from its etymon Latin sapient-, a stem of sapiēns (“(adjective) discerning, judicious, wise; (noun) wise man, sage”), the present active participle of sapiō (“to have a flavour of, taste like; (figurative) to have good taste; to have discernment or sense; to be prudent, sensible, or wise”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-, *sep- (“to taste; to try out”). Doublet of savant. The noun is derived from the adjective, and also influenced by Latin sapiēns (noun) (see above). Pronunciation: /ˈseɪ.pi.ənt/, /ˈsæ-/ 1. A wise person; a sage. Example: "She canna do that," said another sapient of the same profession— […] 2. An intelligent, self-aware being. Labels: broadly Example: Every since Trausti had shown him the X-rays, Leif had a theory that Halla Dannto was of non-Earth origin. It seemed to him a possibility that the Cold War Corps of March might have contacted hitherto unknown sapients on some just discovered interstellar planet, and were using them in the cold war against the Jacks. 3. A human being of the species Homo sapiens.
Word: restive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Modification of earlier restiff, from Middle English restyf, from Old French restif, from rester (“to stay, remain”), from Latin restō. * Shares an etymology with rest ("to remain," obsolete) *Merriam-Webster states that this word was originally used to describe horses that disobeyed commands. Presumably, then, the word came to mean fidgety or anxious more broadly. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɛstɪv/ 1. Impatient under delay, duress, or control. Example: The horses were now more restive than ever, and Johann was trying to hold them in. Example: [...] news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever. 2. Resistant to control; stubborn. Example: Yet I am of Opinion, this Defect ariſeth chiefly from a perverſe, reſtive Diſpoſition. For they are cunning, malicious, treacherous and revengeful. 3. Refusing to move, especially in a forward direction.
Word: malaise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French malaise (“ill ease”), from mal- (“bad, badly”) + aise (“ease”). Compare ill at ease. Pronunciation: /məˈleɪz/, /mæˈleɪz/, /mɑˈleɪz/, /-ˈlɛz/ 1. A feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Addressing tech malaise has become a trend with authors and self-help coaches – such as Catherine Price, author of How to Break Up With Your Phone, who, during a $295, 50-minute phone call, will offer you advice on things like how to create roadblocks to checking your phone by putting a rubber band around your screen, and “think of the bigger picture” rather than what you’re missing on Twitter. Example: Volkswagen’s travails are symbolic of the nation’s overall economic malaise and a political crisis that collapsed the government in December, paving the way for early elections Feb. 23. 2. An ambiguous feeling of mental or moral depression. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Their failure helped produce the widespread malaise reported by Thucydides: the Athenians "grieved over their private sufferings, the common people because, having started out with less, they were deprived even of that; the rich had lost their beautiful estates in the country, the houses as well as their expensive furnishings, but worst of all, they had war instead of peace" (2.65.2). 3. Ill will or hurtful feelings for others or someone. Labels: countable, uncountable