nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: ethnologist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From ethno- + -logist. Pronunciation: /ˈɛθˈnɑləd͡ʒəst/ 1. One who practices ethnology. Example: The learned modern Ethnologists, however, will generally have none of this latter idea. As a rule they delight in representing early peoples as totally destitute of common sense (which is supposed to be a monopoly of us moderns!); and if the Sabbath-arrangement has had any value or use they insist on ascribing this to pure accident, and not to the application of any sane argument or reason.
Word: inanition Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English inanicioun, borrowed from Old French inanition, itself borrowed from Late Latin inānītio, from inānīre (“to make empty”), from inānis (“empty, vain”); see inane. Pronunciation: /ɪnəˈnɪʃən/ 1. The act of removing the contents of something; the state of being empty. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Secondary causes of sleepe are divers; as excessive labour, agitation of the body, repletion, as by excesse of meates or drinkes, inanition, as by Copulation and many more of this kinde, which doe so waste the spirits, that of necessity, there behooveth a cessation to be for a time, that new spirits may be recollected for refreshing of it [...] Example: 1643, William Slatyer, The Compleat Christian, London, for the author, The Second Part of the Catechism, Section 5, p. 110, 3. What meane you by Incarnation? His inanition of himselfe, and as it were debasing of himselfe in respect of his majesty of divinity, thereby to put on humanity. 2. A state of advanced lack of adequate nutrition, food, or water or a physiological inability to utilize them, with resulting weakness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It may be reasonably inferred that our baby will first expire of inanition, as being the frailest member of our circle; and that our twins will follow next in order. Example: The Diet of the street-children is in some cases an alternation of surfeit and inanition [...] 3. A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: There bending over her, with eyes bathed in tears, she watched the progress of her beloved Rosilia's melancholy disorder; she beheld her, pale, exhausted, either in listless inanition, or haunted with the dreadful idea that mental derangement or death would terminate her sufferings! Example: I had forced into his hand the means to carry on decently the serious business of life, to get food, drink, and shelter of the customary kind while his wounded spirit, like a bird with a broken wing, might hop and flutter into some hole, to die quietly of inanition there.
Word: theriac Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Medieval Latin theriacum, from Ancient Greek θηριακὸν (thēriakòn) and Late Latin theriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακὴ (thēriakḕ, “of or related to poisonous reptiles”), from θηρίον (thēríon, “little beast”) + -κός (-kós), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) + -ίον (-íon, diminutive suffix). Doublet of theriaca. Pronunciation: /ˈθɪriˌæk/, /ˈθɪəriˌæk/, /ˈθɪərɪak/ 1. A universal antidote against all poisons, particularly medicines considered to derive from a recipe of the Roman physician Andromachus and representing an improvement on mithridate. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable Example: This excellent triacle Methridatum is nexte in qualitye and virtue to Theriaca... but onely Theriaca is a little hotter and stronger againste venyme of Snakes. Example: Theriaca Andromachi, the Venice or Mithridate treacle... Theriaca communis, common treacle, or molasses... Theriaca Londinensis, a cataplasm of cummin seed, bay-berries, germander, snake-root, cloves and honey. 2. A hyponym of panacea. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable 3. Synonym of antidote, particularly (pseudoscience) those incorporating snakemeat to cure snakebite. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: ...ane half vnce of guid auld theriac... Example: ...the great number of Vipers, brought to the Grand Duke of Toscany for the composing of Theriac or Treacle... 4. Synonym of molasses. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable
Word: theriac Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Medieval Latin theriacum, from Ancient Greek θηριακὸν (thēriakòn) and Late Latin theriaca, from Ancient Greek θηριακὴ (thēriakḕ, “of or related to poisonous reptiles”), from θηρίον (thēríon, “little beast”) + -κός (-kós), from θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) + -ίον (-íon, diminutive suffix). Doublet of theriaca. Pronunciation: /ˈθɪriˌæk/, /ˈθɪəriˌæk/, /ˈθɪərɪak/ 1. Synonym of theriacal: of or related to theriac. 2. Synonym of medicinal. Labels: obsolete
Word: infangthief Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English infangthef, from Old English infangeneþēof (“infangthief”), from in- + fangen (“seized, taken”) + þēof (“thief”). See also infang. Pronunciation: /ˈɪnfæŋθiːf/ 1. A privilege of some feudal lords permitting them to execute summary judgment upon thieves captured within their estates, sometimes restricted to the lord's tenants or men and sometimes limited to those caught in flagrante delicto. Labels: historical, uncountable Example: The wrought-iron gates (infangthief and outfangthief in heavy balls on the gate-posts) were open for their hard-breathing entry.
Word: infibulation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin infībulō (“to close with a clasp or pin”). Pronunciation: /ɪnfɪbjʊˈleɪʃən/ 1. An act of fastening Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The stitching together of the labia to prevent intercourse. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: When Janner wasn’t telling me about infibulation among the Tuareg or Shan propitiation ceremonies, he was sharing with me the fruits of his concerted observation of Reigate society.
Word: inquinate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin inquināre (“polluting”). Pronunciation: /ˈɪnkwɪneɪt/ 1. To pollute or make dirty. Labels: formal
Word: insessorial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From modern Latin Insessores ‘perchers’, from Latin insidere (“sit upon”), from in- + sedere (“sit”). Pronunciation: /ɪnsɛˈsɔːɹɪəl/ 1. pertaining to a member of the Order Insessores, or perching birds; perching or designed for perching Example: Bruno stood by the fire of sticks and pineknots, nursing his coffee, his cock snub and insessorial in the codpiece of his curt briefs.
Word: intaglio Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Italian intaglio, from intagliare (“to engrave”). Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtæl.jəʊ/, /ɪnˈtɑl.jəʊ/, /ɪnˈtɑl.iˌəʊ/, /ɪnˈtæl.i.(j)oʊ/, /ɪnˈtæl.joʊ/ 1. A design or piece of art which is engraved or etched into something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: On a wooden pub sign daringly taken, one daylight raid, by a drunken Bartley Gobbitch, across which still survives in intaglio the legend SNIPE AND SHAFT, Teddy Bloat is mincing bananas with a great isosceles knife. 2. Any printing method in which the ink is laid upon the sunken parts of the printing form. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: intaglio Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Italian intaglio, from intagliare (“to engrave”). Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtæl.jəʊ/, /ɪnˈtɑl.jəʊ/, /ɪnˈtɑl.iˌəʊ/, /ɪnˈtæl.i.(j)oʊ/, /ɪnˈtæl.joʊ/ 1. To engrave or etch using intaglio.
Word: inunction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin inunctio, from inunctus, past participle of inungo (“anoint”), from in- + ungo (“anoint”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“anoint”). Pronunciation: /ɪnˈʌŋkʃən/ 1. The anointing or rubbing in of oil or balm. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Besides these fomentations, irrigations, inunctions, odoraments, prescribed for the head, there must be the like used for the liver, spleen, stomach, hyperchondries, etc.
Word: involution Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin involūtiō, from involvō. Pronunciation: /ɪnvəˈluːʃən/ 1. Entanglement; a spiralling inwards; intricacy. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]usually his attention was diverted from her feet by her shrieks of laughter and the astounding involutions of her huge brown-yellow frame. Example: ‘Gomez,’ said the mortician, ‘is an expert only on the involutions of his own rectum.’ 2. A complicated grammatical construction. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: 1917, James Huneker, Unicorns, New York: Scribner, Chapter 11 “Style and Rhythm in English Prose,” p. 129, Walter Pater’s essay on Style is honeycombed with involutions and preciosity. 3. An endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Involutions have the property that they are their own inverses. 4. The shrinking of an organ (such as the uterus) to a former size. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The regressive changes in the body occurring with old age. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. A power: the result of raising one number to the power of another. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 7. A cessation of development or progress involving intense inner competition. Labels: countable, uncountable 8. A state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead. Labels: countable, neologism, uncountable 9. The migration of a cell layer inward, sliding over an outer layer of cells. It occurs at gastrulation during embryogenesis. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: inwit Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English inwit (“mind, reason, intellect, understanding; soul, spirit; feeling; the collection of inner faculties; one of five inner faculties; one of the outer bodily senses.; inward awareness of right or wrong, conscience”), from Old English *inwitt, inġewitnes (“consciousness, conscience, knowledge, knowing”), equivalent to in- + wit. Compare Scots inwit, Saterland Frisian Gewieten, West Frisian gewisse, Dutch geweten, German Low German Geweten, German Gewissen. Pronunciation: /ˈɪnwɪt/ 1. Inward knowledge or understanding. Labels: archaic, uncountable Example: "Will it make you happy?" / "Probably not," Kai said irritably. "Inwit tells me that you're trouble from the beginning." 2. Conscience; inward sense of morality. Labels: archaic, uncountable Example: Speaking to me. They wash and tub and scrub. Agenbite of inwit. Conscience. Example: "I knew that was so. Every time that inwit twanged ─ I have conscience like you, reverend sir!"
Word: irruent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From the present participle stem of Latin irruere. Pronunciation: /ˈɪɹɪʊənt/ 1. rushing, moving quickly, especially inwards Labels: formal Example: The trajectories of their, first sequent, then simultaneous, urinations were dissimilar: Bloom’s longer, less irruent.
Word: kissing Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English kissynge, cussinde, from Old English cyssende, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijandī, from Proto-Germanic *kussijandz, equivalent to kiss + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian küsjend, Dutch kussend, German Low German küssend, German küssend, Swedish kyssande, Icelandic kyssandi. Pronunciation: /ˈkɪsɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of kiss Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: kissing Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English kissynge, cussinde, from Old English cyssende, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijandī, from Proto-Germanic *kussijandz, equivalent to kiss + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian küsjend, Dutch kussend, German Low German küssend, German küssend, Swedish kyssande, Icelandic kyssandi. Pronunciation: /ˈkɪsɪŋ/ 1. That kisses; engaged in a kiss or kissing. Labels: not-comparable 2. Just touching. Labels: not-comparable
Word: kissing Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English kissynge, kyssynge, kessinge, from Old English *cyssing, from Proto-West Germanic *kussīngu, equivalent to kiss + -ing. Cognate with Middle Dutch cussinge (whence Dutch kussing (“kissing”)), Middle Low German küssinge (“kissing”), Middle High German küssunge (“kissing”). Compare also Old English cossettung (“kissing”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɪsɪŋ/ 1. The act of giving a kiss or making out. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: There began to be some movement preparatory to the resumption of our journey, and, after many huggings and kissings, the family parted, and the wagon drove off[…]
Word: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram Part of Speech: noun Etymology: After astronomers Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell. 1. A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.
Word: jaunce Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English jouncen, perhaps from Old French jancer (“to jolt, jog”), from North Germanic, related to Swedish ganta (“to sport, romp, jest, play the fool”), from Old Norse ganta(sk), of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”). More at jaunt. Perhaps influenced by bounce. Pronunciation: /d͡ʒɔːns/ 1. To prance; to frolic. 2. To jolt or shake. Example: catch my death with jauncing up and down!
Word: jaunce Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English jouncen, perhaps from Old French jancer (“to jolt, jog”), from North Germanic, related to Swedish ganta (“to sport, romp, jest, play the fool”), from Old Norse ganta(sk), of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”). More at jaunt. Perhaps influenced by bounce. Pronunciation: /d͡ʒɔːns/ 1. A jaunt. Example: Fie, how my bones ache! What a jaunce have I!
Word: kissing gate Part of Speech: noun 1. A small gate, used instead of a stile at the boundary of a field, that swings in a U- or V-shaped enclosure and touches (kisses) each of two gateposts, allowing one person at a time to pass through, but being too complex for livestock to operate; the intention of the design being, that it can't be left fully open.
Word: heterochrony Part of Speech: noun 1. the variation in ontogeny of individuals of a species that gives rise to evolution
Word: jildi Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Anglo-Indian military slang, from Hindi जल्दी (jaldī, “soon”). Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɪldi/ 1. Quickly. Labels: not-comparable Example: ‘Them bloody chaps 'ave a cushy job,’ said little Martlow with resentful envy. ‘Just fly over the line, take a peek at ol' Fritz, and as soon as a bit o' shrapnel comes their way, fuck off 'ome jildy, toot sweet.’ Example: If you don’t drink that tea a bit jildy you’ll miss the bus.
Word: jildy Part of Speech: adv Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɪldi/ 1. Alternative form of jildi. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable Example: If you don’t drink that tea a bit jildy you’ll miss the bus.
Word: jobe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: In reference to the Biblical character Job, who was known to give lengthy reproofs to his friends. Pronunciation: /d͡ʒəʊb/ 1. To harangue, to rebuke in a long-winded or drawn-out way. Labels: archaic, transitive
Word: cahootchie Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of caoutchouc. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Aletta Part of Speech: name Etymology: From a Middle Low German diminutive form of Adelheid, related to English Adelaide and Alice. 1. A female given name from the Germanic languages.
Word: Sorani Part of Speech: name 1. The Kurdish language spoken by the majority of Kurds in Iran and Iraq.
Word: khu Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Egyptian ꜣḫ, following an obsolete 19th-century reading of the word. Doublet of akh, which is based on a more accurate reading. Pronunciation: /kuː/ 1. Synonym of akh (“a spirit of the dead that has successfully completed its transition to the afterlife”) Labels: Egyptian Example: The highest level of consciousness is with the Khu; this is what the Indians would call Atman. Example: Yes, the Khu was a light in your mind while you lived, but in death, it must return to heaven.
Word: kibe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Origin unknown, but first attested in Middle English. suggested origins and context Attestations in Shakespeare's time seem to suggest it was intended as mildly vulgar (compare zit) and metaphorical; see more at this Open Literature article, which claims Welsh as most probable origin: * Compare Welsh cibi, cibwst (“chilblain(s)”), although this itself may borrow from Middle English, and we may be dealing with some ancient unknown term. Compare English gyve (“schackles”), a medieval word that might also take from Celtic. There has been further theoretical conjecture as well: * Assuming the origin English or Welsh derived from is pre-Celtic, some have speculated a link to an Old European word from a British Vasconic substrate, in this case related to Basque gibiztin (“knot, bow”), compounded from a lost root *gibi, *kibi (“lump?”). Pronunciation: /kaɪb/ 1. A chilblain (often ulcerated), especially on the heel of the foot (also afflictive to some animals); a cold sore or blister. Labels: archaic, poetic, rare Example: By the Lord, Horatio, this three years I have took note of it, the age is grown so picked that the toe of the peasant comes so near the heel of the courtier he galls his kibe.
Word: kish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Irish cis, ceis (“basket, hamper”). Doublet of cesta. Pronunciation: /kɪʃ/ 1. A basket used in Ireland, mainly for carrying turf. Example: the whole kish emptied on [the turf-fire] at once... (c. 1) Example: Ignorant as a kish of brogues, worth fifty thousand pounds.
Word: kish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Compare German Kies (“gravel, pyrites”). Pronunciation: /kɪʃ/ 1. The graphite formed as a byproduct in iron smelting. Labels: uncountable
Word: kishke Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Attested in English since the late 1930s, from Yiddish קישקע (kishke), from Slavic—Polish kiszka, Russian кишка́ (kišká), or Ukrainian ки́шка (kýška). Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *kyšьka (“intestine, stomach”). May be related to Sanskrit कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “intestine”) or Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɪʃkə/ 1. A dish made from stuffed intestine. Example: Now what is cholent without "kishke"? Our mothers made kishke from the small intestine of a cow. They filled it with stuffing, spices and Shmaltz (chicken fats). Example: Zelik the Benefactor's wife was the queen of kishke. Her kishke melted in your mouth. It always came out brown and shiny, like chestnuts fresh from the tree. 2. Intestines, guts. Labels: also, figuratively, in-plural, informal, often Example: Oy a broch! I was so worried! I knew something was wrong. In my kishkes, I could feel it! Example: Subsequently she was over the toilet all night throwing up. ‘My kishkas came out from that thing! Some practical joker!’
Word: klatsch Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /klæt͡ʃ/ 1. Alternative form of klatch. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: Tom lay, breathing but still dumb. / A coffee klatsch found his near-corpse exciting. Example: A klatsch of women too busy watching to notice the rescue operation in progress swarmed over the path leading to the guest cottages, essentially swallowing up the passageway.
Word: bonobo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Bolobo, a village on the Congo River where Europeans first made contact with the species. Bolobo is possibly imitative of the bubbling of the rapids at that section of the Congo. Pronunciation: /bəˈnəʊ̯ˌbəʊ̯/, /bəˈnoʊ̯ˌboʊ̯/, /ˈbɒ.nəˌboʊ̯/ 1. A great ape, Pan paniscus, from Africa south of the Congo river.
Word: endoparasite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dóm Proto-Hellenic *éndon Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon)der. English endo- Proto-Indo-European *per- Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- Proto-Hellenic *pərai Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰ́ (părắ) Ancient Greek σῖτος (sîtos) Ancient Greek παράσιτος (parásitos)der. Latin parasītusder. Middle French parasite English parasite English endoparasite From endo- + parasite. Pronunciation: /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/, /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ 1. A parasite that lives inside the body of an organism, such as a tapeworm.
Word: heterogeneous catalysis Part of Speech: noun 1. Catalysis in which the catalyst is present in a separate phase; normally the catalyst is a solid and the reactants are gas or liquid; it proceeds by the reaction of chemisorbed complexes. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: homogeneous catalysis Part of Speech: noun 1. Catalysis in which the catalyst is present in the same phase as the reactants; normally dissolved in the same solvent.
Word: grizzly bear Part of Speech: noun 1. A large North American subspecies, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the brown bear. Example: The Quantum Grizzly Bear pisses me off. 2. A dance of the early twentieth century in which dancers mimicked the movements of grizzly bears.
Word: hibernacula Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of hibernaculum Labels: form-of, plural
Word: kouros Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ionic Ancient Greek κοῦρος (koûros), variant of Attic κόρος (kóros, “boy”). Pronunciation: /ˈkuːɹɒs/ 1. A sculpture of a naked youth in Ancient Greece, the male equivalent of a kore. Example: A redstone kouros from Sounion, this strapping young Amsterdammer, translated into the slenderer grace of the modern graminivore. Example: The smiling kouros is the first fully free-standing sculpture in art.
Word: krummhorn Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Krummhorn, from krumm (“crooked”) + Horn (“horn”). Doublet of cromorna. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹʌmhɔːn/ 1. A mediaeval and Renaissance wind instrument. 2. A stop on an organ.
Word: kultur Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German Kultur, from Latin cultūra; doublet of culture. Pronunciation: /kʊlˈtuːɹ/ 1. German culture or civilization, especially seen as authoritarian or racist during the period of world wars (1914-18 and 1939-45) Labels: uncountable Example: 1963: so much rot spoken about their inferior kultur-position and our herrenschaft – but that was for the Kaiser and the businessmen at home — Thomas Pynchon, V.
Word: hidden variable Part of Speech: noun 1. Any parameter that would supplement quantum mechanics so as to make it like classical mechanics; local hidden variables have been proved to be inconsistent with quantum mechanics. 2. An implicitly assumed influence. Labels: broadly, figuratively Example: We do not perceive any physical cause of another’s actions but use our understanding of their inner state as a hidden causal variable for their behaviors. This involves a detachment of perceptual similarity from causal similarities so that the mental factors of ToM form a class of hidden variables that we add to our perception to understand causal relations in a social context.
Word: classical mechanics Part of Speech: noun 1. All of the physical laws of nature that account for the behaviour of the normal world, but break down when dealing with the very small (see quantum mechanics) or the very fast or very heavy (see relativity). Labels: uncountable
Word: Newtonian mechanics Part of Speech: noun 1. Early classical mechanics as propounded by Isaac Newton, especially that based on his laws of motion and theory of gravity. Labels: uncountable
Word: Newtonian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English Newton Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Newtonian From Newton + -ian. Pronunciation: /njuːˈtəʊ.ni.ən/, /n(j)uˈtoʊ.ni.ən/ 1. Of or relating to Isaac Newton, or his laws and theories. 2. Obeying Newton's law of viscosity; i.e. having a constant viscosity. 3. Of or relating to classical physics that does not take relativity into account. 4. Being or relating to a type of reflecting telescope using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror.
Word: Newtonian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English Newton Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English Newtonian From Newton + -ian. Pronunciation: /njuːˈtəʊ.ni.ən/, /n(j)uˈtoʊ.ni.ən/ 1. A scientist supporting Isaac Newton's views on physics and mathematics. 2. A type of reflecting telescope using a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror.
Word: promulgation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French promulgation, from Latin prōmulgātiō. 1. The act of promulgating or announcing something, especially a proclamation announcing a new law. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Advocacy on behalf of something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […] and, indeed, the impression that Mr Lidmarsh took away with him was that his host's real hobby in life was the promulgation of phonetic reform.
Word: holography Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From holograph + -y. 1. a technique for recording, and then reconstructing, the amplitude and phase distributions of a coherent wave disturbance; used to produce three-dimensional images or holograms Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: lakin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Perhaps from Old Norse leika. Pronunciation: /ˈleɪkɪn/ 1. A toy. Labels: rare Example: And the gay lakin, mistress Fitton, mount and cry O, and his dainty birdsnies, lady Penelope Rich, a clean quality woman is suited for a player, and the punks of the bankside, a penny a time.
Word: lakin Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈleɪkɪn/ 1. Obsolete form of ladykin. Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: [Nick] Bot[tom]. There are things in this Comedy of Piramus and Thisby, that will neuer pleaſe. Firſt, Piramus muſt draw a ſword to kill himſelfe; which the Ladys cannot abide. How anſwer you that? / [Tom] Snout. Berlaken, a parlous feare.
Word: purported Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From purport + -ed. Pronunciation: /pəɹˈpɔɹ.tɪd/, /pəɹˈpoʊɹ.tɪd/ 1. Supposed, or assumed to be. Example: In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance. 2. Normally assumed to be. 3. Said or claimed by some individuals to be real or true or to have happened, although this may not be the case.
Word: purported Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From purport + -ed. Pronunciation: /pəɹˈpɔɹ.tɪd/, /pəɹˈpoʊɹ.tɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of purport Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: blue giant Part of Speech: noun 1. a very hot and very luminous star that emits visible light in the blue portion of the spectrum.
Word: blue supergiant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From blue + supergiant. 1. A very large, hot and luminous star; a large blue giant.
Word: supergiant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *úp Proto-Indo-European *-er Proto-Indo-European *upér Proto-Italic *super Latin super Latin super-lbor. English super- English giant English supergiant From super- + giant. 1. A very large star having a mass between 10 and 70 solar masses.
Word: supergiant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *úp Proto-Indo-European *-er Proto-Indo-European *upér Proto-Italic *super Latin super Latin super-lbor. English super- English giant English supergiant From super- + giant. 1. Extremely large; regarded as being larger than giant. Labels: not-comparable
Word: blockhouse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From block + house. Calque of German Blockhaus. 1. A sturdy military fortification, often of concrete, with gunports. 2. A reinforced building from which to control hazardous operations, such as an explosion or a rocket launch. 3. A temporary wooden fortification with a projecting upper storey. Labels: dated Example: We had soon touched land in the same place as before and set to provision the blockhouse. All three made the first journey, heavily laden, and tossed our stores over the palisade.
Word: Nina Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed into English in the nineteenth century, apparently from several sources. Many borrowings are of Russian Ни́на (Nína), the name of a Georgian saint in the fourth century, also known as Nino, of obscure origin and meaning, possibly connected with the Assyrian king Ninus. Others are of an Italian short form of diminutives like Annina from Anna and Giovannina from Giovanna. Phonologically or orthographically similar names are present in several languages, including Afrikaans, Hindi, Italian, Persian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish and some Native American languages. In many of those, it is a nickname for names ending in -ina or -nina. (hidden message in crossword): After Nina Hirschfeld, the daughter of the American caricaturist Al Hirschfeld; her name was often concealed in his drawings. Pronunciation: /ˈniːnə/ 1. A female given name in continuous use since the 19th century. Example: The first three, Macklin, Lydia, and Randall, were the special ones. Even those names, we thought, showed greater imagination, greater involvement on our parents' part, than ours did: Nina, Mary, Sarah. Clearly by that time they had run out of gas. "Nina. Such a pretty, old-fashioned name. I hope you don't mind my saying that." "No; I'm glad you think so." 2. The Babylonian goddess of the watery deep, daughter of Ea. 3. Ellipsis of Nina from Pasadena. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis
Word: Nina Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed into English in the nineteenth century, apparently from several sources. Many borrowings are of Russian Ни́на (Nína), the name of a Georgian saint in the fourth century, also known as Nino, of obscure origin and meaning, possibly connected with the Assyrian king Ninus. Others are of an Italian short form of diminutives like Annina from Anna and Giovannina from Giovanna. Phonologically or orthographically similar names are present in several languages, including Afrikaans, Hindi, Italian, Persian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish and some Native American languages. In many of those, it is a nickname for names ending in -ina or -nina. (hidden message in crossword): After Nina Hirschfeld, the daughter of the American caricaturist Al Hirschfeld; her name was often concealed in his drawings. Pronunciation: /ˈniːnə/ 1. Alternative letter-case form of nina (“a hidden message revealed in the completed grid of a crossword”). Labels: alt-of Example: Ninas are also a way for setters to flex their muscles.
Word: porphyria Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From porphyrin, from German Porphyrin. Pronunciation: /pɔː(ɹ)ˈfɪɹɪə/ 1. Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine. Example: The term porphyria, derived from the Greek word porphyra, meaning purple, is apt because a hallmark of most of the porphyrias is the overexcretion of porphyrins in urine or feces. Example: However, the appearance of homozygous forms without consanguinity and coincidence of two types of porphyria in the same patient, dual porphyrias, is possible.
Word: scaffold Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English scaffold, scaffalde, from Anglo-Norman schaffaut, eschaffaut, eschafal, eschaiphal, escadafaut (“platform to see a tournament”) (Modern French échafaud), from Old French es- (indicating movement away or separation) (from Latin ex- (“out, away”)) + chafaud, chafaut, chafault, caafau, caafaus, cadefaut (“scaffold for executing a criminal”), from Vulgar Latin *catafalcum (“viewing stage”), possibly from Ancient Greek κατα- (kata-, “back; against”) + Latin -falicum (from fala, phala (“wooden gallery or tower; siege tower”)). Pronunciation: /ˈskæf.əld/, /ˈskæf.əʊld/, /ˈskæf.ld/ 1. To set up a scaffolding; to surround a building with scaffolding. Labels: transitive 2. To sustain; to provide support for. Labels: transitive 3. To dispose of the bodies of the dead on a scaffold or raised platform, as by some Native American tribes. Labels: transitive 4. To provide a framework or support for achieving an intended outcome of internalizing learnings by way of collaboration and later gradual withdrawal of support. Labels: transitive
Word: halyard Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English halier, from halen (“to haul”) + -iere (“-er”), with misconstrual of -ier as yard. Compare lanyard. Pronunciation: /ˈhæljə(ɹ)d/, /ˈhæljɑː(ɹ)d/ 1. A rope used to raise or lower a sail, flag, spar or yard. Example: At last I got my knife and cut the halyards. The peak dropped instantly, a great belly of loose canvas floated broad upon the water […] Example: […]broad-shouldered men with hard red-beaked faces and huge hands coarsened by generations of straining on heavy oars and halyards,—men who feared only God and the sea-spirits of their strange mythology and were a law unto themselves, adventurers and bigots. 2. A rope used to extend a ladder.
Word: badmouth Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Calque of a Mande term, perhaps Vai [Term?] or Mandinka [Term?], which entered English via Gullah [Term?]. Compare Japanese 悪口(わるぐち) (waruguchi, “badmouthing”), which is a compound of 悪(わる) (waru, “bad, wicked”) and 口(くち) (kuchi, “mouth”). Pronunciation: /ˈbæd.maʊθ/ 1. To criticize or malign, especially unfairly or spitefully. Labels: informal, transitive Example: […] those cross-Atlantic aficionados who persistently idolize the British theater and bad-mouth Broadway. Example: He also believed that Mr. Altman was bad-mouthing the board to OpenAI executives, two people with knowledge of the situation said.
Word: severe acute respiratory syndrome Part of Speech: noun 1. A form of pneumonia resulting from infection by a coronavirus characterized by fever, myalgia, lethargy and coughing and which can be fatal. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: (b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled.
Word: coronavirus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-der. Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē)bor. Latin corōna Italian coronabor. English corona Proto-Indo-European *weys- Proto-Indo-European *wisós Proto-Italic *weizos Latin vīrusbor. Middle English virus English virus English coronavirus From corona (“crown-like circle of light appearing around the sun”) + virus. Corona is derived from Latin corōna (“garland, wreath; crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “something curved; curved stern of a ship; end, point, tip”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”). The name refers to the characteristic appearance of its virions by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a solar corona. Compare the former genus name Coronavirus. Pronunciation: /kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/, /kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ 1. A member of the family Coronaviridae, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A new group of viruses with the name of coronaviruses has been recognized by an informal group of virologists who have sent their conclusions to Nature. […] In the opinion of the eight virologists these viruses are members of a previously unrecognized group which they suggest should be called the coronaviruses, to recall the characteristic appearance by which these viruses are identified in the electron microscope. Example: This characteristic structural resemblance and other shared properties of these viruses have caused certain virologists to propose the name coronavirus for this previously unrecognized group. 2. A member of the family Coronaviridae, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A woman in her 70s was confirmed as the first coronavirus death in the UK on Thursday as Downing Street warned that it was now highly likely that the virus would spread in “a significant way”. 3. An illness caused by a coronavirus. Labels: countable, metonymically, uncountable 4. An illness caused by a coronavirus. Labels: countable, metonymically, uncountable
Word: Pavlova Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Russian Па́влова (Pávlova), feminine form of Па́влов (Pávlov). Pronunciation: /pævˈləʊvə/, /pævˈloʊvə/, /pɑvˈloʊvə/, /ˈpævləvə/, /ˈpɑvləvə/ 1. A transliteration of the Russian surname Па́влова (Pávlova), the feminine variant of Pavlov. Example: "YOU WRITE TO MOSCOW": NINA PAVLOVA REVIEWS LISTENERS MAIL. […] LISTENER IS TOLD THAT THERE ARE TWO PAVLOVAS IN BRITISH SECTION -⁠- NINA AND GALINA, AN ANNOUNCER. 2. A transliteration of the Russian surname Па́влова (Pávlova), the feminine variant of Pavlov. Example: LADIES’ DOUBLES “PAVLOVAS.” […] The winners, who literally danced their way into the final, were dubbed the two Pavlovas. Example: “Don’t you understand what an honour it is for you that the great Pavlova has her shoes made by you?” he asked. The old man thought awhile and then answered: “Yes, it’s a great honour that she is my client.” And reflecting further, he added: “Yes, but if I had two Pavlovas, I’d be done for.” Pavlova was often approached by shoemakers of all nationalities and in all parts of the world with an offer to supply her regularly, undertaking to provide her annually with any number for her own use free of charge, on condition that she would allow them to advertise that she had found their shoes to be the best. 3. A female surname from Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, or Slovak, masculine equivalent Pavlov. 4. A female surname from Czech or Slovak, masculine equivalent Pavel.
Word: Pavlova Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Russian Па́влова (Pávlova), feminine form of Па́влов (Pávlov). Pronunciation: /pævˈləʊvə/, /pævˈloʊvə/, /pɑvˈloʊvə/, /ˈpævləvə/, /ˈpɑvləvə/ 1. Alternative letter-case form of pavlova. Labels: alt-of, countable, uncountable Example: What about making and freezing one or two Pavlovas topped with an orange curd filling for a simple dessert? Example: ‘[…] May,’ he called, ‘you can find Miss Thompson some lunch?’ / ‘Of course,’ said May, doing mental arithmetic with prime steaks and slices of Pavlova, and wishing her headache would go away. […] Now if she could get it across to Jocelyn that he really much preferred biscuits and cheese to Pavlova—? ‘Say you don’t want any Pavlova,’ she hissed. ‘It won’t go round.’ / ‘Eh? What’s that, old girl?’ / ‘Pavlova. Say you don’t want any.’ / ‘What’s—? Oh, I know. That meringue thing. No, that’s all right, May. I’ll have cheese and biscuits.’ […] ‘Pavlova, Jocelyn?’ May stood, cake-slice in hand, a noble Brunhild. […] Gaylord said, ‘Henry likes Pavlova better than anything in the world except baked beans on toast, don’t you, Henry.’ […] May said, ‘After you with the cheese, Jocelyn.’ / He looked at her in astonishment. ‘Good Lord, you not having Pavlova?’ […] Gaylord said, ‘If you did Henry some baked beans, Momma, he’d give you his Pavlova. Wouldn’t you, Henry?’
Word: Pavlov Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Russian Па́влов (Pávlov), itself from Па́вел (Pável). 1. A transliteration of the Russian surname Па́влов (Pávlov). 2. A male surname from Russian, feminine equivalent Pavlova.
Word: Pavlov Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Clipping of Pavlov's dog, an experiment which showed a dog can be conditioned to salivate at the ring of a bell, provided food was given the previous times. 1. To condition a person or animal to react to a stimulus, without consideration to the meaning of it. Example: Or have my past experiences of Verity Audio’s loudspeakers Pavloved me into associating this look with this sound?
Word: payments Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈpeɪmənts/ 1. plural of payment Labels: form-of, plural
Word: tales Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /teɪlz/ 1. plural of tale Labels: form-of, plural
Word: tales Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /teɪlz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of tale Labels: dialectal, form-of, indicative, obsolete, present, singular, third-person
Word: tales Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin plural of talis (“such (persons)”). Pronunciation: /ˈteɪliːz/ 1. A person available to fill vacancies in a jury. 2. A book or register of people available to fill jury vacancies. 3. A writ to summon people to court to fill vacancies in a jury.
Word: tales Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of tallit (“Jewish prayer shawl”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: institutions Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃənz/, /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃənz/, /ˌɪn.stɪˈtu.ʃənz/ 1. plural of institution Labels: form-of, plural
Word: observations Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃənz/, /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃənz/ 1. plural of observation Labels: form-of, plural
Word: villages Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒɪz/ 1. plural of village Labels: form-of, plural
Word: products Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒd.əkts/, /ˈpɹɒd.ʌkts/, /ˈpɹɑ.dəkts/, /ˈpɹɑ.dʌkts/, /ˈpɹɔd.əkts/ 1. plural of product Labels: form-of, plural
Word: zero coupon bond Part of Speech: noun 1. A bond (e.g., corporate debenture or government debt) that has no coupon (i.e., pays no interest), during the life of the issue. Such a bond is initially sold at a discount to its face value. The rate of return to the holder is derived from the gradual appreciation as the security moves toward maturity.
Word: cacophonous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Adapted borrowing of Ancient Greek κακόφωνος (kakóphōnos) + -ous, from κακός (kakós, “bad”) + -φωνος (-phōnos, “sounding”). By surface analysis, caco- + -phonous. Pronunciation: /kəˈkɑfənəs/, /kəˈkɒfənəs/ 1. Containing, consisting of, or producing harsh, unpleasant or discordant sounds. Example: […] Huple had rescued them just in time by seizing the controls back from Dobbs and leveling the ship out almost as suddenly right back in the middle of the buffeting layer of cacophonous flak from which they had escaped successfully only a moment before. Example: The good thing about this job is that it gives me time and space to contemplate the future at my leisure, whilst the city sleeps, free from the cacophonous curiosity of the hoi polloi.
Word: offers Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɒfəz/, /ˈɔfɚz/, /ˈɑfɚz/ 1. plural of offer Labels: form-of, plural
Word: offers Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈɒfəz/, /ˈɔfɚz/, /ˈɑfɚz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of offer Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: junk bond Part of Speech: noun 1. A bond (an instrument of debt) which is considered below "investment grade" due to a significant risk of default by the issuer. The interest rate is higher in order to compensate holders for that risk.
Word: writings Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɹaɪtɪŋz/ 1. plural of writing Labels: form-of, plural
Word: volumes Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈvɒl.juːmz/, /ˈvɑ.ljumz/ 1. plural of volume. Labels: form-of, plural
Word: volumes Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈvɒl.juːmz/, /ˈvɑ.ljumz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of volume Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: homes Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /həʊmz/, /hoʊmz/ 1. plural of home Labels: form-of, plural
Word: homes Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /həʊmz/, /hoʊmz/ 1. Alternative spelling of holmes. Labels: alt-of, alternative, slang Example: Ghee said, "Yo, homes. This is my youngest baby, Marisol. Sweetie, say hi to Mr. Holman." Marisol told Holman it was a pleasure to meet him. Example: I said what's up Homes? What you doing over this side of the hood?
Word: homes Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /həʊmz/, /hoʊmz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of home Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: dawn patrol Part of Speech: noun 1. The act of going out for a surf at dawn. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The surfers who go out to surf at dawn. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: open outcry Part of Speech: noun 1. A trading method whereby traders gather in person, often in a pit, and call out to all their desire to buy or sell a quantity at a given price, transactions being consummated when two parties can agree on a price. Most frequently used in securities markets. Labels: uncountable
Word: mad as a cut snake Part of Speech: adj 1. Very irate, crazy with rage. Labels: Australia, colloquial, not-comparable Example: I′m feeling slightly less furious than I was earlier, but I′m still about as mad as a cut snake. Example: Sutcliffe went in hard, did everything to provoke him. Got him as mad as a cut snake. 2. Crazy; eccentric. Labels: Australia, colloquial, not-comparable Example: “Trackless,” Sean muttered, “there′s a man over there planting a chopstick.″ “Him? That′s Lurker. Mad as a cut snake.” Example: ‘I have to tell you,’ he continued with his leaden and yet fascinating sincerity, ‘that you are a most exquisite and intelligent woman and I would like to court you. I′m no seducer or casual fornicator. It′s against my religion. If all this sounds mad as a cut snake, so be it. I was under necessity to say it. Would you accept my card?’
Word: instruments Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɪnstɹəmənts/, /ˈɪnstɹʊmənts/ 1. plural of instrument Labels: form-of, plural
Word: instruments Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈɪnstɹəmənts/, /ˈɪnstɹʊmənts/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of instrument Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: visitors Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈvɪzɪtɚz/, /ˈvɪzɪtəz/ 1. plural of visitor Labels: form-of, plural
Word: students Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈstudn̩ts/, /ˈstjuːdn̩ts/ 1. plural of student Labels: form-of, plural
Word: big girl's blouse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First recorded (1969) in the television sitcom Nearest and Dearest, used by the character Nellie Pledge (played by comedienne Hylda Baker). It has been suggested that Baker had previously used this expression in her stage act. 1. An effeminate or weak man, a sissy. Labels: Commonwealth, Ireland, UK, derogatory, informal Example: You can see why people might think you’re a bit of a big girl’s blouse, because you have manicures, sunbeds and bleach your hair. Example: The reason for this was not because I was a big girl's blouse – no matter what anyone else says – but because as a fast bowler the big toe on the landing foot, which was the right in my case, is always in a state of disrepair.
Word: -ite Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tósder. Ancient Greek -της (-tēs)der. Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs)der. Latin -ītēsbor. French -iteder. English -ite From French -ite, from Old French, from Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs). Pronunciation: /-aɪt/ 1. Used to form nouns denoting followers or adherents of a specified person, idea, doctrine, movement, etc. Labels: derogatory, morpheme, sometimes Example: Adamsite, Campbellite, Jacobite, laborite, Mansonite, Reaganite, Thatcherite 2. Used to form nouns denoting descendants of a specified historical person, especially a biblical figure. Labels: morpheme Example: Cainite, Ephraimite, Hamite, Japhetite, Lamanite Example: There were no robbers, nor murderers, neither were there Lamanites, nor any manner of -ites; but they were in one, the children of Christ, and heirs to the kingdom of God. 3. Used to form demonyms. Labels: India, US, morpheme Example: Brooklynite, Delhiite, Jerusalemite, Keralite, Kilgoreite, New Jerseyite, Seattleite, Seoulite, Sydneyite, Wisconsinite, Wyomingite; also see ashramite, hostelite 4. Used to form nouns denoting rocks or minerals. Labels: morpheme Example: andalusite, anorthosite, anthracite, erythrite, forsterite, graphite, hawleyite, titanite 5. Used to form nouns denoting fossil organisms. Labels: morpheme Example: ammonite, belemnite 6. Used to form nouns denoting segments or components of the body or an organ of the body. Labels: morpheme Example: dendrite, somite 7. Used to form nouns denoting the product of a specified process or a commercially manufactured product. Labels: morpheme Example: Bakelite, cordite, dynamite, ebonite, metabolite, vulcanite 8. Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous. Labels: morpheme Example: bromite, chlorite, iodite, phosphite, sulfite 9. Used to form nouns for kinds, mostly from bases of Ancient Greek origin. Labels: morpheme, rare Example: sporozoite, epizoite, troglobite, lychnobite