nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: historical Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin historicus (“historical”) + -al (forming adjectives denoting of or relating to). By surface analysis, history + -ical. Pronunciation: /hɪˈstɒɹɪkəl/, /hɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/, /hɪˈstɑɹɪkəl/ 1. A historical romance. Example: However, as regular romance readers know, the romance novels that appear on the best-seller lists are not Harlequins at all, but rather historicals and contemporaries, which vary widely from the Harlequin pattern in style, plot, and character.
Word: history Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-tōr Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr Proto-Hellenic *wístōr Ancient Greek ἵστωρ (hístōr) Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) Ancient Greek ῐ̔στορέω (hĭstoréō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)bor. Latin historiader. Old French estoire Old French estorie Old French historiebor. Middle English historie English history From Middle English historie, from Old French estoire, estorie (“chronicle, history, story”) (French histoire), from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορίᾱ (historíā, “learning through research”), from ἱστορέω (historéō, “to research, inquire (and) record”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “the knowing, wise one”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Doublet of story and storey. Attested in Middle English in 1393 by John Gower, Confessio Amantis, which was aimed at an educated audience familiar with French and Latin. Pronunciation: /ˈhɪs.tə.ɹi/, /ˈhɪs.tɹi/, /ˈhɪst͡ʃ(ə)ɹɪj/, /ˈhɪst(ə)ɹɪj/, /ˈhəs.tə.ɹi/ 1. To narrate or record. Labels: obsolete Example: And therefore will hee wipe his Tables cleane, And keepe no Tell-tale to his Memorie, That may repeat, and Historie his losse
Word: historic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-tōr Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr Proto-Hellenic *wístōr Ancient Greek ἵστωρ (hístōr) Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) Ancient Greek ῐ̔στορέω (hĭstoréō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)bor. Latin historia Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icus Latin historicusder. English historic From Latin historicus (“historical”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορικός (historikós, “exact; historical”). Cognate with French historique. By surface analysis, history + -ic. Pronunciation: /hɪˈstɒɹɪk/, /ɪˈstɒɹɪk/, /hɪˈstoɹɪk/, /ɪˈstoɹɪk/, /hɪˈstɑɹɪk/ 1. Very important; noteworthy: having importance or significance in history. Example: A historic opportunity Example: July 4, 1776, is a historic date. A great deal of historical research has been done on the events leading up to that day. 2. Old-fashioned, untouched by modernity. Example: Sights are thick sown in the counties of York and Nottingham: the former is more historic. 3. Synonym of historical: of, concerning, or in accordance with recorded history or the past generally (See usage notes.) Labels: uncommon Example: An high-pac'd Muse treading a lofty march, leades honor enchaind in an Epique pen, grac'd with the furtherance of historique Clio. 4. Various grammatical tenses and moods specially used in retelling past events. Example: The historic tenses include the imperfect, the pluperfect, and the future perfect.
Word: historic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-tōr Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr Proto-Hellenic *wístōr Ancient Greek ἵστωρ (hístōr) Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) Ancient Greek ῐ̔στορέω (hĭstoréō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)bor. Latin historia Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icus Latin historicusder. English historic From Latin historicus (“historical”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορικός (historikós, “exact; historical”). Cognate with French historique. By surface analysis, history + -ic. Pronunciation: /hɪˈstɒɹɪk/, /ɪˈstɒɹɪk/, /hɪˈstoɹɪk/, /ɪˈstoɹɪk/, /hɪˈstɑɹɪk/ 1. A history, a non-fiction account of the past. Labels: obsolete Example: Before the beginnyng of this historic, I haue thought good by waie of a Proeme, to introduce the wordes of an excellent writer called Lodouicus Caelius Rhodoginus. 2. A historian. Labels: obsolete
Word: waste Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English wast, waste (“a waste”, noun), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wast, waste (“a waste”), from Frankish *wōstī (“a waste”), from Proto-Germanic *wōstaz, *wōstuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, wasted”). Displaced native Middle English wernen (“to refuse”) likely due to the similar sounding Middle English warnen Pronunciation: /ˈweɪ̯st/, [ˈweɪ̯st] 1. Excess of material, useless by-products, or damaged, unsaleable products; garbage; rubbish. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Excrement or urine. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The cage was littered with animal waste. 3. A wasteland; an uninhabited desolate region; a wilderness or desert. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We went down accordingly into the waste, and began to make our toilsome and devious travel towards the eastern verge. Example: The pampas of Argentina and the chilly wastes of Patagonia, like the prairies and deserts of North America, were largely shunned by Spanish settlers until the 1870s. 4. A place that has been laid waste or destroyed. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A large tract of uncultivated land. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. The part of the land of a manor (of whatever size) not used for cultivation or grazing, nowadays treated as common land. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable 7. A vast expanse of water. Labels: countable, uncountable 8. A disused mine or part of one. Labels: countable, uncountable 9. The action or progress of wasting; extravagant consumption or ineffectual use. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: That was a waste of time! Example: Her life seemed a waste. 10. Large abundance of something, specifically without it being used. Labels: countable, uncountable 11. Gradual loss or decay. Labels: countable, uncountable 12. A decaying of the body by disease; atrophy; wasting away. Labels: countable, uncountable 13. Destruction or devastation caused by war or natural disasters; see "to lay waste". Labels: countable, rare, uncountable 14. A cause of action which may be brought by the owner of a future interest in property against the current owner of that property to prevent the current owner from degrading the value or character of the property, either intentionally or through neglect. Labels: countable, uncountable 15. Material derived by mechanical and chemical erosion from the land, carried by streams to the sea. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: waste Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English wast, waste (“a waste”, noun), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wast, waste (“a waste”), from Frankish *wōstī (“a waste”), from Proto-Germanic *wōstaz, *wōstuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, wasted”). Displaced native Middle English wernen (“to refuse”) likely due to the similar sounding Middle English warnen Pronunciation: /ˈweɪ̯st/, [ˈweɪ̯st] 1. Useless and contemptible. Labels: derogatory, slang Example: Niggas moves so waste / Please, come outside the house and show yourself / So I can say it to your face Example: Waste / Don't talk to me / You're so waste
Word: waste Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English wast, waste (“waste”, adjective), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French wast (“waste”), from Frankish *wōstī (“waste, empty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty, wasted”). Cognate with Old High German wuosti, wuasti (“waste, empty”), German wüst, Old Saxon wōsti (“desolate”), Old English wēste (“waste, barren, desolate, empty”). Pronunciation: /ˈweɪ̯st/, [ˈweɪ̯st] 1. Uncultivated, uninhabited. Labels: archaic Example: SOo whanne syr Galahad was departed from the castel of maydens / he rode tyl he came to a waste forest / & there he mette with syre launcelot and syr Percyuale but they knewe hym not / for he was newe desguysed / Ryghte so syr launcelot his fader dressid his spere and brake it vpon syr Galahad 2. Barren; desert; empty. Example: ‘The stars,’ she whispers, ‘blindly run; ⁠A web is wov’n across the sky; ⁠From out waste places comes a cry, And murmurs from the dying sun: […] Example: For centuries the shrine at Mecca had been of merely local importance, far outshone by the Temple of the Jews in Jerusalem, whose cult Christians had in good measure renewed by their pilgrimage in honour of Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, while leaving the actual site of the Jerusalem Temple dishonoured and waste. 3. Rejected as being defective; eliminated as being worthless; produced in excess. Example: Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy. 4. Superfluous; needless. 5. Dismal; gloomy; cheerless. Example: the savage Baron's heart[…] became appalled as he gazed forward into the waste darkness of futurity. 6. Unfortunate; disappointing.
Word: waste Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English wasten (“to waste, lay waste”), from Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French waster (“to waste, devastate”) (compare also the variant gaster and French gâter from a related Old French word); the Anglo-Norman form waster was either from Frankish *wōstijan (“to waste”), from Proto-Indo-European *wāsto- (“empty, wasted”), or alternatively from Latin vastāre and influenced by the Frankish; the English word was assisted by similarity to native Middle English westen ("to waste"; > English weest). Cognate with Old High German wuostan, wuastan, wuostjan (“to waste”) (Modern German wüsten), Old English wēstan (“to lay waste, ravage”). Displaced native Old English essian and strȳndan. Largely overtook Old English forspillan and wēstan. Pronunciation: /ˈweɪ̯st/, [ˈweɪ̯st] 1. To devastate; to destroy. Labels: transitive Example: Thou barrein ground, whome winters wrath hath wasted, / Art made a myrrour to behold my plight. Example: The Tiber / Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds. 2. To squander (money or resources) uselessly; to spend (time) idly; to dissipate. Labels: transitive Example: We wasted millions of dollars and several years on that project. Example: I like this place, / And willingly could waste my time in it. 3. To kill; to murder. Labels: slang, transitive 4. To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to deteriorate; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out. Labels: transitive Example: until your carcases be wasted in the wilderness Example: Wasted by such a course of life, the infirmities of age daily grew on him. 5. To gradually lose weight, weaken, become frail. Labels: intransitive 6. To be diminished; to lose bulk, substance, strength, value etc. gradually. Labels: intransitive Example: […]The barrell of meale shall not waste, neither shall the cruse of oile faile, vntill the day that the Lord sendeth raine vpon the earth. 7. To damage, impair, or injure (an estate, etc.) voluntarily, or by allowing the buildings, fences, etc., to fall into decay.
Word: researcher Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re-der. Old French re- Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der. Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos)bor. Latin circus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Late Latin circō Old French cerchier Old French recerchier Middle French French rechercher English research Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English researcher From research + -er. Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈsɜː.t͡ʃə/, /ˈɹiː.sɜː.t͡ʃə/, /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/, /ɹiˈsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ 1. One who researches. Example: Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found. Example: The Amazon is larger than the next two largest rainforests combined, according to Rhett Butler, a rainforest researcher and the CEO of Mongabay.
Word: research Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”), by surface analysis, re- + search. Pronunciation: /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹɪ-/ 1. Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self). Labels: countable, dialectal, uncountable, usually Example: In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance. Example: The research station that houses Wang and his team is outside Lijiang, a city of about 1.2 million people. 2. A particular instance or piece of research. Labels: countable, dated, usually Example: The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the results of the researches of antiquaries. Example: The first step I took in this so necessary a research, was to examine the motives, the justice, the necessity and expediency of the revolution[…]
Word: research Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Early Modern French rechercher (“to examine closely”), from Old French recerchier (“to seek, to look for”), by surface analysis, re- + search. Pronunciation: /ˈɹiːsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/, /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/, /ɹɪ-/ 1. To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently. Labels: transitive 2. To make an extensive investigation into. Labels: intransitive 3. To search again. Labels: transitive 4. To receive a certain response in market research. Labels: intransitive Example: Agency and bank staff told the newspaper the ad researched well.
Word: melon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”). Pronunciation: /ˈmɛlən/, /ˈmelən/ 1. Some of the plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Some of the plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Some of the plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Some of the plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants. Labels: countable 6. A light pinkish orange color, like that of some melon flesh. Labels: uncountable 7. The breasts. Labels: countable, plural-normally, slang, uncountable Example: She indicated her left melon, underneath which lay the heart. “Because you stuck with me, and whether you ever said it or not, that is love.” Example: “Wait a minute.” I said. “James with another woman? Mommy, that doesn't even sound right?” “It's true. I caught him squeezing her melons.” 8. The head, the brain. Labels: countable, slang Example: Think! Use your melon! 9. A member of the Green Party, or similar environmental group. Labels: Australia, New-Zealand, countable, derogatory 10. A mass of adipose tissue found in the forehead of all toothed whales, used to focus and modulate vocalizations. Labels: countable
Word: melon Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”). Pronunciation: /ˈmɛlən/, /ˈmelən/ 1. Of a light pinkish orange color, like that of melon flesh.
Word: melon Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈmɛlən/, /ˈmelən/ 1. Alternative form of mellon. Labels: alt-of, alternative, uncountable
Word: linen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English lynnen, lynen, from Old English līnen (“linen", "made of flax”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnīn (“made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”), equivalent to line + -en. Cognate with Latin līnum (“flax”) and thus also Linum. More at line. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪnɪn/ 1. Thread or cloth made from flax fiber. Labels: uncountable Example: Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands. 2. Domestic textiles, such as tablecloths, bedding, towels, underclothes, etc., that are made of linen or linen-like fabrics of cotton or other fibers; linens. Labels: countable Example: She put the freshly cleaned linens into the linen closet. Example: But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook,[…]. 3. A light beige colour, like that of linen cloth undyed. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: linen Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English lynnen, lynen, from Old English līnen (“linen", "made of flax”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnīn (“made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”), equivalent to line + -en. Cognate with Latin līnum (“flax”) and thus also Linum. More at line. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪnɪn/ 1. Made from linen cloth or thread. Labels: not-comparable 2. Having the colour linen, light beige. Labels: not-comparable
Word: dons Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of don Labels: form-of, plural 2. plural of dom (title of Portuguese and Brazilian nobility) Labels: form-of, plural
Word: dons Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of don Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: underpants Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰí Proto-Indo-European *-ér Proto-Indo-European *(H)n̥dʰér Proto-Germanic *under Proto-West Germanic *undar Old English under- Middle English under- English under- Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-énts Proto-Indo-European *ph₂énts? Proto-Hellenic *pánts Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs) Ancient Greek ἔλεος (éleos) Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) Ancient Greek ἐλεέω (eleéō) Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn) Ancient Greek ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn) Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)der. Italian Pantalonebor. French pantalonbor. English pantaloon English pantaloons English pants English underpants From under- + pants. Pronunciation: /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌpænts/ 1. Underwear covering the genitalia and often buttocks, usually going no higher than the navel. Labels: plural, plural-only Example: The Italian fashion of wearing red underpants on December 31 is becoming popular, reputedly to guarantee luck for the new year. Example: She takes off her fatigue pants and throws them in the washer and the surgical greens and her bloodstained bra and turns on the machine. She is wearing socks and underpants and a .38 Special with a shrouded hammer in an ankle holster.
Word: don Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin dominus (“lord, head of household”), akin to Italian don, Sicilian don, Spanish don; from domus (“house”). Doublet of dom, domine, dominie, and dominus. Pronunciation: /dɒn/, /dɑn/ 1. A university professor, particularly one at Oxford or Cambridge. Labels: UK Example: No one feeds at the high table except the dons and the gentlemen-commoners, who are undergraduates in velvet caps and silk gowns[.] Example: The truth is, unless a man can get the prestige and income of a Don and write donnish books, it’s hardly worth while for him to make a Greek and Latin machine of himself and be able to spin you out pages of the Greek dramatists at any verse you’ll give him as a cue. 2. An employee of a university residence who lives among the student residents. Labels: Canada 3. A mafia boss, especially one who is Italian or Italian-American. 4. A (usually Spanish or Italian) title of respect to a man, especially a lord or nobleman. Example: Wo often of an evening go and hear the band in the square opposite the captin-giniral’s palace—it is here were the dons and donnas and all the fashionables assemble, and I must say it’s amusing. Example: Time was when the walker amid California vales could stop at some cool cellar hid in these western hills and pour from great flagons a shimmering glass of cool red wine. Nowadays, the hand of the law has stepped in and spoiled all this, because the hordes of wanderers who have come west have made of these resting places questionable resorts—made of them places that the Spanish dons and donnas never dreamed of. 5. Any man, bloke, dude. Labels: Multicultural-London-English Example: I’m confused like who’s this don .22 bells and that who’s on
Word: don Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English don (“to put on”), from Old English dōn on; equivalent to do + on. Compare also doff, dup, dout. Pronunciation: /dɒn/, /dɑn/ 1. To put on clothing; to dress (oneself) in an article of personal attire. Labels: transitive Example: To don one's clothes. Example: Now when he had reached the King's capital wherein was Alaeddin, he alighted at one of the Kháns; and, when he had rested from the weariness of wayfare, he donned his dress and went down to wander about the streets, where he never passed a group without hearing them prate about the pavilion and its grandeur and vaunt the beauty of Alaeddin and his lovesomeness, his liberality and generosity, his fine manners and his good morals.
Word: papa Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French papa, from Middle French papa, from Old French papa, from Latin papa, probably originally a reduplicated imitation of a child's early efforts at vocalising Latin pater (“father”). Compare Ancient Greek πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”). Pronunciation: /pəˈpɑː/, /ˈpɑːpə/ 1. Dad, daddy, father; a familiar or old-fashioned term of address to one’s father. Labels: childish, often 2. A pet name for one's grandfather. Labels: informal 3. A parish priest in the Greek Orthodox Church. Example: they are all of the Orthodox Church, and obey devoutly the precepts of Papa Athanasius 4. Alternative letter-case form of Papa from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet. Labels: alt-of
Word: hagiography Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English hagio- Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Proto-Hellenic *grə́pʰō Ancient Greek γρᾰ́φω (grắphō) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) Ancient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā)bor. French -graphieder. English -graphy English hagiography From hagio- + -graphy. Pronunciation: /ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfi/, /ˌheɪd͡ʒiˈɒɡɹəfi/ 1. The study of saints and the documentation of their lives. Labels: uncountable Example: The second half of the eleventh century saw a notable surge of interest in hagiography throughout England, which meant that many of the Anglo-Saxon saints of earlier eras were furnished, often for the first time, with a Latin Vita. Example: Jacques LeGoff remarks, 'Hagiography tells us much about the mental infrastructure [of the middle ages]: the interpenetration between the tangible world and the supernatural world, the common nature of the corporeal and psychic, are the conditions which make miracles and related phenomena possible. 2. A biography of a saint. Labels: countable 3. A biography which expresses reverence and respect for its subject. Labels: broadly, countable Example: Churchill revisionism, of course, is almost as much of a cottage industry as Churchill hagiography. 4. A biography which is uncritically supportive of its subject, often including embellishments or propaganda. Labels: countable, derogatory, uncountable Example: For an obsequious hagiography of [William] Byrd, see L. Wright 1940. For a more critical assessment, see Lockridge 1987, 1992. Example: This 'cultivated characteriology' (ibid., p. 117) is one that she suggests has been reduced to the cult of the theorist's personality in many of the hagiographies written about Foucault, missing how he cultivated his ethos or characteriology in order to persuade, seduce, unsettle, question, and so forth.
Word: preference Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans. Morphologically prefer + -ence. Compare typologically Russian предвзя́тость (predvzjátostʹ) (<< взять (vzjatʹ), a suppletive of брать (bratʹ), which is cognate with Latin ferō). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/, /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/ 1. The selection of one thing or person over others (with the main adposition being "for" in relation to the thing or person, but possibly also "of") Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He has a preference for crisp wines. 2. The option to so select, and the one selected. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Can I keep my preferences when I upgrade to the new version of this application? Example: Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much. 3. The state of being preferred over others. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A strong liking or personal valuation. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A preferential bias; partiality; discrimination. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: preference Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French preference, from Medieval Latin preferentia. Doublet of preferans. Morphologically prefer + -ence. Compare typologically Russian предвзя́тость (predvzjátostʹ) (<< взять (vzjatʹ), a suppletive of брать (bratʹ), which is cognate with Latin ferō). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/, /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/ 1. To give preferential treatment to; to give a preference to. Labels: US
Word: preference Part of Speech: noun 1. Preferans, a card game, principally played in Eastern Europe. Labels: uncountable
Word: heater Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English heat Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English heater From heat + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈhitɚ/, /ˈhiːtə/, /ˈhiːtɐ/ 1. A device that produces and radiates heat, typically to raise the temperature of a room or building. Example: Turn on the heater; I'm cold. Example: “First you've got to sit up and go into the tackroom, because you are soaking wet. And shivering.” […] The tackroom was cold, so Sam turned on the kerosene heater and found a wool cooler and wrapped her in it. 2. A person who heats something, for example in metalworking. 3. A handgun. Labels: dated, slang Example: The thug pumped two rounds from his heater into her. 4. A fastball, especially one thrown at high velocity. Labels: slang Example: Jones threw a heater under his chin. 5. An extended winning streak. Labels: slang Example: Emmy went on a heater in Las Vegas and came back six thousand dollars richer. 6. A medieval European shield having a rounded triangle shape like a clothes iron. Labels: historical Example: It can be assumed that as the earlier kite shield transformed into the heater shape, there must have been versions in between the two styles. Indeed, in artwork of the Medieval period, shields are rarely present after 1450 and even then are quite small. The development of flattop heaters from larger kite shields is likely the result of increased fighting on horseback and the use of improved armor. 7. A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously. 8. Synonym of banger (“a powerfully energetic or exceptional song”). Labels: slang
Word: thong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English thong, thwong, thwang, from Old English þwong, þwang (“thong, band, strap, cord, strip of leather; phylactery”), from Proto-West Germanic *þwangi, from Proto-Germanic *þwangiz, *þwanguz (“coercion, constraint, band, clamp, strap”), from Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to squeeze, press, pressure”). Cognate with Scots thwang, thwayng, thang (“thong”), Middle Low German dwenge (“clamp, jaws, steel-trap”), German Zwinge (“vise, clamp”), Danish tvinge (“clamp”), dialectal Norwegian tveng (“shoestrap, shoelace”), Icelandic þvengur (“strap, thong, latchet”). Pronunciation: /θɒŋ/, /θɔŋ/, /θɑŋ/ 1. A narrow strip of material, typically leather, used to fasten, bind, or secure objects. 2. An item of footwear, usually of rubber, secured by two straps which join to pass between the big toe and its neighbour. Labels: Australia, dated, plural-normally Example: Because of August he wears shorts and sandals, the Japanese geta sort called thongs. Example: T-shirts, cut-offs, and a pair of thongs (T-shirts, cut-offs, and a pair of thongs). 3. An item of clothing, usually an undergarment or swimwear consisting of very narrow strips designed to cover just the genitals and nothing more. Labels: UK, US Example: She was impressed by her friend's confidence to wear a thong on the crowded beach. Example: "Another girl bends over to get her books from her locker. Her hot pink thong sticks out of her low-rise pants." 4. The largest section of a bullwhip constructed of many straps of braided leather.
Word: jandal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Blend of Japanese + sandal, originally a genericized trademark. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒændəl/ 1. A flip-flop (type of footwear) Labels: New-Zealand
Word: flip-flop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Most probably an imitation of the sound produced when walking in them. Pronunciation: /ˈflɪpˌflɒp/, /ˈflɪpˌflɑp/ 1. A sandal consisting of a rubber sole fastened to the foot by a rubber thong fitting between the toes and around the sides of the foot. Labels: UK, US Example: the necessity for yet another place at which to buy a polo shirt or a pair of flip-flops may not be apparent to the town's residents 2. A change of places; an inversion or swap. Labels: idiomatic Example: On the break for strong left, everything remains the same, except for the flip-flop of positions. Example: BR's flip-flop attitude towards the two options can be observed in comments made by the BR chairman in September 1967, which were interpreted as meaning that the facts now have to be "adjusted" to prove the electrification case. 3. A change of places; an inversion or swap. Labels: US, idiomatic 4. A bistable; an electronic switching circuit that has either two stable states (switching between them in response to a trigger) or a stable and an unstable state (switching from one to the other and back again in response to a trigger), and which is thereby capable of serving as one bit of memory. Example: Ten two-state flip-flops […] were formed into ten-stage ring counters representing each decimal digit in the ten-digit accumulators […] 5. The sound of a regular footfall. 6. A somersault. 7. A return trip. Labels: US, slang Example: We'll catch you on the flip-flop. This here's the Rubber Duck on the side. We gone, 'bye, 'bye. 8. A person or inhabitant of the Middle East, or a Muslim nation, particularly Afghanistan. Labels: derogatory, offensive, slang
Word: flip-flop Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Most probably an imitation of the sound produced when walking in them. Pronunciation: /ˈflɪpˌflɒp/, /ˈflɪpˌflɑp/ 1. To alternate back and forth between directly opposite opinions, ideas, or decisions. Labels: idiomatic, intransitive, transitive Example: Trump used to be able to hold the factions together, Taylor said, but these tensions – plus Trump’s flip-flopping about the Epstein files – have collapsed the coalition.
Word: Nahuatl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Spanish náhuatl, from Classical Nahuatl nahuatl, nahuatlatolli (“the clear or understandable language”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɑːwɑːt(ə)l/, /nɑːˈwɑːt(ə)l/, /nəˈwɑːt(ə)l/ 1. A member of a group of people indigenous to Central Mexico, spanning multiple tribal groups and including the Aztecs.
Word: Nahuatl Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Spanish náhuatl, from Classical Nahuatl nahuatl, nahuatlatolli (“the clear or understandable language”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɑːwɑːt(ə)l/, /nɑːˈwɑːt(ə)l/, /nəˈwɑːt(ə)l/ 1. The polysynthetic Aztecan language spoken by an indigenous people of Mexico.
Word: awe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English aw, awe, agh, awȝe, borrowed from Old Norse agi, from Proto-Germanic *agaz (“terror, dread”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, afraid”). Displaced native Middle English eye, eyȝe, ayȝe, eȝȝe, from Old English ege, æge (“fear, terror, dread”), from the same Proto-Germanic root. Pronunciation: /ɔː/, /oː/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/ 1. A feeling of fear and reverence. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals. 2. A feeling of amazement. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: For several minutes no one spoke; I think they must each have been as overcome by awe as was I. All about us was a flora and fauna as strange and wonderful to us as might have been those upon a distant planet had we suddenly been miraculously transported through ether to an unknown world. Example: In 1825, the first public railway carried passengers across the English countryside, setting in motion not just an engineering revolution, but an industrial one too. Imagine the awe and excitement of those first passengers as they boarded the train, unaware that they were witnessing the dawn of a new era. 3. Power to inspire awe. Labels: archaic, uncountable, usually
Word: awe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English aw, awe, agh, awȝe, borrowed from Old Norse agi, from Proto-Germanic *agaz (“terror, dread”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, afraid”). Displaced native Middle English eye, eyȝe, ayȝe, eȝȝe, from Old English ege, æge (“fear, terror, dread”), from the same Proto-Germanic root. Pronunciation: /ɔː/, /oː/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/ 1. To inspire fear and reverence in. Labels: transitive Example: That large room had always awed Ivor: even as a child he had never wanted to play in it, for all that it was so limitless, the parquet floor so vast and shiny and unencumbered, the windows so wide and light with the fairy expanse of Kensington Gardens. 2. To control by inspiring dread. Labels: transitive Example: While a sense of outrage is the only rational response to atrocity, if that outrage is maintained at too high a level over too long a time it can generate feelings of impotence, as we permit ourselves to be awed by this irrational act of violence.
Word: awe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French auve. Pronunciation: /ɔː/, /oː/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/ 1. A bucket (blade) attached to water wheels. Labels: obsolete
Word: GCSE Part of Speech: noun 1. Initialism of General Certificate of Secondary Education (“a British qualification taken by secondary school students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland”). Labels: UK, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism Example: You need GCSEs in Maths and English to work here.
Word: peanut Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From pea + nut, perhaps a folk etymology of pinda, pinder (still found in Southern US dialects). Pronunciation: /ˈpiːnʌt/, /ˈpiˌnʌt/ 1. A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America. Example: He always liked eating peanuts along with tea before biscuits came into his life. 2. Synonym of countneck (“very small hard clam”). Labels: US 3. See peanuts (“very small amount”). Labels: in-plural
Word: peanut Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From pea + nut, perhaps a folk etymology of pinda, pinder (still found in Southern US dialects). Pronunciation: /ˈpiːnʌt/, /ˈpiˌnʌt/ 1. To pull on somebody's tie as a prank, causing the knot to tighten. Labels: transitive
Word: ad infinitum Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin ad īnfīnītum (“to infinity”). Pronunciation: /æd ˌɪn.fəˈnaɪ.təm/, /ad ˌɪn.fəˈnaɪ.təm/, /æd ˌɪn.fəˈnʌɪ.təm/, /æd ˌɪn.fəˈnɑɪ.təm/, /ɛd ˌən.fəˈnaɪ.təm/ 1. Endlessly; for ever; never-endingly. Labels: not-comparable Example: The idea of eternal return is a mysterious one, and Nietzsche has often perplexed other philosophers with it: to think that everything recurs as we once experienced it, and that the recurrence itself recurs ad infinitum!
Word: Canadianize Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree English Canadian Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor. Late Latin -izōder. Middle French -iserbor. Middle English -isen English -ize English Canadianize From Canadian + -ize. Pronunciation: /kəˈneɪ.di.ə.naɪz/, /kəˈneɪ.djə.naɪz/ 1. To become naturalized as a citizen of Canada. 2. To make Canadian as to custom, culture, or style. 3. To localize a medium for sale or use in Canada.
Word: Australianize Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ɒˈstɹeɪljənaɪz/ 1. Alternative form of Australianise. Labels: US, alt-of, alternative
Word: Francophone Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Altered and reinterpreted from French Francophonie, with semantic influence from Latin Franco- (“French”) + Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ), Franco- + -phone. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/, /ˈfɹæŋkəˌfoʊ̯n/, [ˈfɹɛə̯ŋkʰəˌfoʊ̯n] 1. French-speaking. Labels: not-comparable
Word: Francophone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Altered and reinterpreted from French Francophonie, with semantic influence from Latin Franco- (“French”) + Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ), Franco- + -phone. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/, /ˈfɹæŋkəˌfoʊ̯n/, [ˈfɹɛə̯ŋkʰəˌfoʊ̯n] 1. A person who speaks French, especially as their mother tongue.
Word: Anglophone Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Anglo- + -phone. Pronunciation: /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/, /ˈæŋɡləˌfoʊn/, /ˈeɪŋɡləˌfoʊn/ 1. English-speaking. Labels: not-comparable Example: the Anglophone media Example: Ireland is an unusual anglophone location in that it is an island of some size with a population large enough for internal dialectal variation. It can be compared in this respect with Newfoundland and possibly with Jamaica and New Zealand (two islands, of course). Other anglophone locations are either much larger (United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia) or so small that an internal differentiation of varieties is not recognisable, cf. the many anglophone islands of the Caribbean as well as such islands as Malta or Tristan da Cunha.
Word: Anglophone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Anglo- + -phone. Pronunciation: /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/, /ˈæŋɡləˌfoʊn/, /ˈeɪŋɡləˌfoʊn/ 1. One who speaks English, generally natively. Example: When we consider the situation of Anglophones in Quebec, we quickly realize that the vitality of this group depends upon its geographical location. In and around Montreal, Anglophones have good access to English-language resources and services. They also have their own institutions, although French is now part of these institutions. Anglophones living in and around Montreal are better served in their language than anywhere else in the province.
Word: AS Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Anglo-Saxon. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 2. Abbreviation of Assam: a state of India. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of
Word: AS Part of Speech: noun 1. Initialism of Advanced Supplementary. Labels: UK, abbreviation, alt-of, historical, initialism 2. Initialism of Advanced Subsidiary. Labels: UK, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism Example: AS-level 3. Initialism of aortic stenosis. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 4. Initialism of Asperger's syndrome. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 5. Initialism of ankylosing spondylitis. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 6. Initialism of autonomous system. Labels: Internet, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 7. Initialism of auxiliary submarine: a naval tender, a submarine tender that tends to submarines. Labels: Navy, US, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 8. Initialism of application server. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 9. Initialism of Alström syndrome. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: AS Part of Speech: phrase Etymology: From Arabic عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu, “peace be upon him”), placed after the name of holy persons in Islamic texts. 1. Initialism of alayhi as-salaam. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: Australianise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Australian + -ise. Pronunciation: /ɒˈstɹeɪljənaɪz/ 1. To make Australian as to custom, culture, or style. Labels: transitive 2. To localise a medium for sale or use in Australia. Labels: transitive
Word: da Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From child language; compare dad and dada. Pronunciation: /dɑː/ 1. Father. Labels: Ireland, Northern-England, Scotland Example: “Dear, but you're like your grandmother!” she continued, patting the little girl's head. “Many a penny's worth I sold to your da, when he was weer than you are.” Example: Oh where is yer da son? The man said it to me and was grumpy. Is yer da here?
Word: da Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Russian да (da, “yes”). Doublet of too. Pronunciation: /dɑː/ 1. Yes; an affirmative response. Labels: Russianism, slang, uncountable
Word: da Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Borrowed from Russian да (da, “yes”). Doublet of too. Pronunciation: /dɑː/ 1. Yes. Labels: Russianism, slang
Word: da Part of Speech: article Etymology: Representing pronunciation of the in informal speech. Pronunciation: /diː/, /dʌ/, /də/ 1. Pronunciation spelling of the. Labels: alt-of, pronunciation-spelling Example: Da New York Times Example: Da Bears
Word: da Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Imitative. 1. A meaningless syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm. Example: You know that tune that goes "da da da di-dum di-dum"?
Word: dis Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Abbreviation of disrespect. Pronunciation: /dɪs/ 1. Alternative spelling of diss. Labels: alt-of, alternative, informal Example: Yet the neo-Luddite resistance is remarkably disparate. Some flee to the woods; others, taking a less courageous stand, are content to dis the microwave oven and cellular phone.
Word: dis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Abbreviation of disrespect. Pronunciation: /dɪs/ 1. Alternative form of diss. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: dis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Old Norse dís. Pronunciation: /dɪs/ 1. Any of a group of minor female deities in Scandinavian folklore. Labels: Norse Example: In Norway the Dîsir appear to have been held in great veneration. Example: A number of places in Norway and Sweden were also named after the Disir
Word: dis Part of Speech: det Etymology: Representing a colloquial or dialectal pronunciation with th-stopping of this. Pronunciation: /dɪs/ 1. Pronunciation spelling of this. Labels: Ireland, Multicultural-London-English, alt-of, dialectal, nonstandard, pronunciation-spelling Example: At another dinner, the president, on the removal of the cloth, rose and said... We will conduct weself in sich a manner, dat massa will neber be sorry for what him do dis night.
Word: dis Part of Speech: pron Etymology: Representing a colloquial or dialectal pronunciation with th-stopping of this. Pronunciation: /dɪs/ 1. Pronunciation spelling of this. Labels: Ireland, Multicultural-London-English, alt-of, dialectal, nonstandard, pronunciation-spelling Example: Whadda I do? Dis an' dat.
Word: fo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of folio. 1. Abbreviation of folio, page and book size (10"-12.5" x 15"-20"). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of
Word: fo Part of Speech: prep 1. Alternative spelling of fo'. Labels: alt-of, alternative, informal
Word: pale Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin palleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin pallidus Old French palebor. Middle English pale English pale From Middle English pale, from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”), from palleō (“to be pale; to grow pale; to fade”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelito-, from *pelH- (“gray”). Doublet of pallid. Displaced native Old English blāc. Pronunciation: /peɪl/ 1. Light in color. Example: I have pale yellow wallpaper. Example: She had pale skin because she didn't get much sunlight. 2. Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.). Example: His face turned pale after hearing about his mother's death. Example: Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected. 3. Feeble, faint. Example: He is but a pale shadow of his former self. Example: The son's clumsy paintings are a pale imitation of his father's.
Word: pale Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Latin palleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin pallidus Old French palebor. Middle English pale English pale From Middle English pale, from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”), from palleō (“to be pale; to grow pale; to fade”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelito-, from *pelH- (“gray”). Doublet of pallid. Displaced native Old English blāc. Pronunciation: /peɪl/ 1. To turn pale; to lose colour. Labels: intransitive Example: But a man— / Note men !—they are but women after all, / As women are but Auroras !—there are men / Born tender, apt to pale at a trodden worm, / Who paint for pastime, in their favourite dream, / Spruce auto-vestments flowered with crocus-flames / There are, too, who believe in hell and lie : […] 2. To become insignificant. Labels: intransitive Example: (Although the conditions are rather different, the generosity of the offer certainly pales by comparison with the "Eurailpass" now available to tourists from North and South America at $125 (£44 13s.), which allows two months' unlimited first class travel throughout the railway systems of thirteen countries—[...].) Example: Its financing pales next to the tens of billions that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation will have at its disposal, especially with the coming infusion of some $3 billion a year from Warren E. Buffett, the founder of Berkshire Hathaway. 3. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of. Labels: transitive Example: The Glow-worme ſhowes the Matine to be neere, / And gins to pale his vneffectuall Fire : / Adue, adue, Hamlet : remember me.