nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: challenge Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny. Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/, /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ 1. A confrontation; a dare. Example: Congratulations on managing to use the phrase “preponderant criterion” in a chart (“On your marks”, November 9th). Was this the work of a kakorrhaphiophobic journalist set a challenge by his colleagues, or simply an example of glossolalia? 2. A confrontation; a dare. Example: a challenge to the king's authority Example: For Liverpool, their season will now be regarded as a relative disappointment after failure to add the FA Cup to the Carling Cup and not mounting a challenge to reach the Champions League places. 3. A confrontation; a dare. Example: Argentine midfielder Jonas Gutierrez added a superb second when he surged past four challenges to fire in low. 4. A confrontation; a dare. 5. A confrontation; a dare. Example: The somewhat-shattered San Francisco also managed to make it out, although not before she'd come within seconds of being blown out of the water by Helena, as the two had lost contact in the dark and the flagship had loomed back out of the murk with no one and nothing available to answer the light cruiser's challenge - the radio, the whistle, the signal lights, the flags, et cetera, had all been destroyed. Luckily, one of the few surviving signalmen found a small handheld signal light and managed to blink out the ship's hull number. 6. A confrontation; a dare. 7. A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty. 8. A procedure or action. 9. A procedure or action. Labels: rare Example: Consanguinity in direct line is a challenge for a judge when he or she is sitting cases. 10. A procedure or action. Example: We're still waiting to hear how the court rules on our challenge of the arbitrator based on conflict of interest. 11. A procedure or action. Labels: US 12. The opening and crying of hounds upon first finding the scent of their game.
Word: challenge Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny. Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/, /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ 1. To invite (someone) to take part in a competition. Labels: transitive Example: We challenged the boys next door to a game of football. Example: By this I challenge him to single fight. 2. To dare (someone). Labels: transitive Example: [...] For I challenge any Man to make any pretence to Power by Right of Fatherhood, either intelligible or poſſible in any one, otherwiſe, then either as Adams heir, or as Progenitor over his own deſcendants, naturally ſprung from him. 3. To dispute (something); to contest. Labels: transitive Example: to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation Example: In the April 2020 Roade fatality, the worker who died "was reputedly in the habit of walking on the line when he didn't need to". Tragically, no one challenged him about it. 4. To call something into question or dispute. Example: New information challenged old hypotheses. 5. To make a formal objection to a juror. Labels: transitive 6. To be difficult or challenging for. Labels: transitive Example: Before moving onto the content of Hobson-Jobson, an explication of the publication history is necessary since this has clearly challenged many commentators. 7. To claim as due; to demand as a right. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Challenge better terms. 8. To censure; to blame. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: I may be more challenged for my inconsiderate Boldness 9. To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines). Labels: transitive Example: The sentinel challenged us with "Who goes there?" 10. To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter. Labels: US, transitive 11. To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it. Labels: Canada, US, transitive Example: I mean if you go in and want to challenge an exam it cost you half of your course money. If you don't pass the exam, that money is credited toward taking the course. What have you got to lose to challenge an exam, or do a competency exam? Example: The only time I went to class was to challenge an exam. My marks were good. But there was one class I never missed, “Nursing Process and the New Philosophy in Nursing.”
Word: occurrence Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French occurrence, from Medieval Latin occurrentia. Morphologically occur + -ence. Pronunciation: /əˈkʌɹ.əns/, /əˈkɜː.ɹəns/, /əˈkɜɹ.əns/, /əˈkɐɹ.əns/, /əˈkøː.ɹəns/ 1. An actual instance when a situation occurs; an event or happening. Example: Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles. 2. The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in or over time. Example: The time interval of an occurrence—a temporal instantiation—is a single occasion. However, a series of such occasions can fall within a certain time interval; in this case we may represent the occurrence as a single situation (cf. I ran off and on for an hour, I ran and ran for an hour, I would run and then run some more). Example: The most basic Aktionsart distinction is between states and occurrences. […]Based on consideration of inherent differences between the events involved, Vendler distinguished three different types of occurrence, achievements, activities, and accomplishments.
Word: instance Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French instance, from Latin īnstantia (“a being near, presence, also perseverance, earnestness, importunity, urgency”), from īnstāns (“urgent”); see instant. Pronunciation: /ˈɪnstəns/ 1. To mention as a case or example; to refer to. Labels: transitive Example: Near-synonyms: adduce, cite Example: The reason why so many fallacious opinions have passed into proverbs is owing to that carelessness which makes the individual instance the general rule. 2. To cite an example as proof; to exemplify. Labels: intransitive 3. To duplicate (a dungeon or other area) for each player, or each party of players, that enters it, so that each player or party has a private copy of the area, isolated from other players. Example: In these games, such as World of Warcraft and Lord of the Rings Online, most significant PvP happens inside instanced or player-capped areas. Example: This is an improvement compared to contemporary MMORPG which combine zoning and instancing, whereas replication is currently not available for a combination with either of them. Zoning (Cai, Xavier, Turner, & Lee, 2002; Macedonia, Zyda,[…] 4. To render (an object) as part of a batch, using the same geometry data. Labels: transitive
Word: ownership Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English own Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English owner Proto-Germanic *skapjaną Proto-Germanic *-skapiz Proto-West Germanic *-skapi Old English -sċiepe Middle English -schipe English -ship English ownership From owner + -ship. Pronunciation: /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/, /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ 1. The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Other evidence of former ownerships such as notice-boards, number plates, and makers' plates, are often discovered unexpectedly. […] It has not been used for many years, and although it was impracticable to photograph the engine in the small confines of the shed it was possible to obtain a picture of the plate which it still carries showing the former ownership. Example: In the summer, DCC [Devon County Council] transferred ownership of the northern part of the station to NR for a nominal £1, enabling it (and the platform) to become part of the rail network. 2. Responsibility for or control over something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The successful candidate will take ownership of all internal design projects.
Word: assembly Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English assemblee, from Anglo-Norman asemblee (Old French asemblee, French assemblée). By surface analysis, assemble + -y. Pronunciation: /əˈsɛmb.lɪ/, /əˈsɛmb.li/ 1. A set of pieces that work together in unison as a mechanism or device. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In order to change the bearing, you must first remove the gearbox assembly. Example: Sheets of water poured over the car, making visibility all but nil. Suddenly the windshield wiper, not just the blade but the entire assembly, blew off. 2. The act or process of putting together a set of pieces, fragments, or elements. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: instructions for assembly Example: some assembly required 3. A congregation of people in one place for a purpose. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: school assembly Example: freedom of assembly 4. A legislative body. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the General Assembly of the United Nations Example: New York State Assembly 5. A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. Ellipsis of assembly language. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable 7. A building block of an application, similar to a DLL, but containing both executable code and information normally found in a DLL's type library. The type library information in an assembly, called a manifest, describes public functions, data, classes, and version information. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: cartography Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French cartographie, from carte (“map”) (ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “map”)) + -graphie (“-graphy”) (from γράφω (gráphō, “write”)); carto- (“map”) + -graphy. Pronunciation: /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/, /kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/, /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/, /kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/, /kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/ 1. The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. Labels: uncountable, usually 2. An illustrative discussion of a topic. Labels: countable, figuratively, usually Example: In the early years of my psychedelic research, I sketched a vastly expanded cartography of the psyche that seems to meet this challenge. Example: The Dalit feminist standpoint, and more specifically the national Federation of Dalit Women, provide in very clear terms a cartography of governance that forces an official reckoning of a new way of seeing.
Word: hypercomplex number Part of Speech: noun 1. Any of several types of extended complex number, consisting of a real part and two or more imaginary parts (each a real multiple of a distinct square root of −1), which may be imagined as a point in a multi-dimensional space.
Word: étoile Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French étoile. Doublet of estoile, stella, and stelo; related to aster and star. Pronunciation: /əˈtwɑːl/ 1. The leading ballet dancer in a company
Word: microgravity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English micro- Proto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-us Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us Proto-Italic *gʷraus Latin gravis Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *-tāts Latin -tās Latin gravitāslbor. French gravitébor. ▲ Latin gravitāslbor. English gravity English microgravity From micro- + gravity. 1. A state of very low acceleration between two free floating objects, as found in sustained freefall, in orbit, or in interstellar space. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: In microgravity their arteries are thickening and stiffening and the muscle of the heart weakening and shrinking.
Word: gravitational Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin gravis Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin -itō Latin gravitō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō New Latin gravitātiōbor. English gravitation English -al English gravitational From gravitation + -al. Pronunciation: /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/ 1. Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation. Labels: not-comparable Example: Unlike most moons of the solar system, ours has the heft, the gravitational gravitas, to pull itself into a sphere.
Word: freefall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From free + fall. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/ 1. A state of motion affected by no acceleration or force other than that of gravity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: SAC has a bomber study currently in progress to see how many freefalls, how many SRAM, how many ALCM's they need to fill out the force. 2. A state of motion but allowing for the presence of incidental air resistance not caused intentionally by devices such parachutes or wings. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I only had four months left on the team and wanted to log as many freefalls as possible, and I was closing in on my 750th jump. 3. A rapid, uncontrolled decline or worsening. Labels: broadly, countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: As civil war continues in Iraq, the U.S. president's approval ratings are in freefall. Example: That "spiritual imagination" is manifest in the "Mass," which checks the freefalls into dread with praise for the mystery, flux and plenitude of creation.
Word: freefall Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From free + fall. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/ 1. To drop in a state of freefall. Labels: intransitive Example: A base jumper attempts to freefall for as long as possible before triggering the parachute. Example: Watching a mother raccoon urge her babies, one by one, to let go of their grip of the roof and free-fall into her outstretched arms, three feet below on the porch rail. 2. To decline or worsen rapidly and uncontrollably. Labels: broadly, figuratively, intransitive
Word: pray Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- Proto-Italic *preks Latin prex Latin precārī Late Latin precāre Old French proiier Anglo-Norman preierbor. Middle English preien English pray Inherited from Middle English preien, borrowed from Anglo-Norman preier, from Old French proiier, from Late Latin precāre, from Latin precārī, from prex (“request, petition, prayer”), from Proto-Italic *preks, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to request, ask”). Displaced native Old English gebiddan. Cognate via Indo-European of Old English frignan, fricgan, German fragen, Dutch vragen. Compare deprecate, imprecate, precarious. Pronunciation: /pɹeɪ/ 1. To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc. Example: Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca. Example: Pray to the small gods and hope that they may hear thee. Yet what mercy should the small gods have, who themselves made Death and Pain; or shall they restrain their old hound Time for thee? 2. To humbly beg a person for aid or their time. 3. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. Labels: obsolete Example: I know not how to pray your patience. 4. To wish or hope strongly for a particular outcome. Example: She is praying that the Red Sox will win tonight. 5. To implore, to entreat, to request. Labels: obsolete Example: They prayd him sit, and gave him for to feed Such homely what as serves the simple clowne, That doth despise the dainties of the towne[…] Example: In time of drought the Abchases of the Caucasus sacrifice an ox to Ap-hi, the god of thunder and lightning, and an old man prays him to send rain, thunder, and lightning, telling him that the crops are parched.
Word: pray Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Ellipsis of I pray you, I pray thee, whence also prithee. 1. Please; used to make a polite request Labels: archaic, formal, not-comparable Example: pray silence for… Example: "Pray, Mr. Knightley," said Emma, who had been smiling to herself through a great part of this speech, "how do you know that Mr. Martin did not speak yesterday?" 2. Alternative form of pray tell (“I ask you”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable Example: Shall I be moved to love you, pray, / By hints that I must soon decay? / No woman's won by being told / How quickly she is growing old[...] Example: He is a South American, so perhaps revolutionary spirit courses through Francis's veins. But what, pray, does the Catholic church want with doubt?
Word: keratin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German Keratin, from Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -in. Doublet of carat. Pronunciation: /ˈkɛɹətɪn/, /ˈkeɹətən/ 1. The protein of which hair and nails are composed. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: grotesque Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō) Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor. Latin crypta Italian grotta Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor. Vulgar Latin -iscus Italian -esco Italian grottescobor. Middle French grotesquebor. English grotesque Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). By surface analysis, grotto + -esque. Compare French grotesque, English grotto. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/, /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/ 1. Distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal, especially in a hideous way. Example: The chimney-piece was of party-coloured marble, covered with figures, some of whose faces were beautiful, but generally running off into those grotesque combinations which characterised the peculiar taste of their time. Example: A Libyan longing took us, and we would have chosen, if we could, to bear a strand of grotesque beads, or a handful of brazen gauds, and traffic them for some sable maid with crisp locks, whom, uncoffling from the captive train beside the desert, we should make to do our general housework forever, through the right of lawful purchase. 2. Disgusting or otherwise viscerally revolting. Example: Trump’s grotesque and incomprehensible fondness for Putin makes the details of any deal highly dangerous for Europe and the NATO alliance, founded to confront Russia. 3. Sans serif.
Word: grotesque Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō) Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor. Latin crypta Italian grotta Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor. Vulgar Latin -iscus Italian -esco Italian grottescobor. Middle French grotesquebor. English grotesque Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). By surface analysis, grotto + -esque. Compare French grotesque, English grotto. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/, /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/ 1. A style of ornamentation characterized by fanciful combinations of intertwined forms. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Anything grotesque. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Obese and largely unintelligible, Don Vito represents a working-class white male grotesque, the picture of excess. Example: He’s also the new character from Sacha Baron Cohen, the man behind Ali G, Borat and Brüno: that unholy trinity of comic grotesques that told us a lot more about ourselves than we’d like to admit. 3. A sans serif typeface. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: grotesque Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō) Ancient Greek κρυπτή (kruptḗ)bor. Latin crypta Italian grotta Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor. Vulgar Latin -iscus Italian -esco Italian grottescobor. Middle French grotesquebor. English grotesque Borrowed from Middle French grotesque, from Italian grottesco, from grotta (“cave”) + -esco (relational suffix). By surface analysis, grotto + -esque. Compare French grotesque, English grotto. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/, /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/ 1. To make grotesque. Labels: transitive Example: Why, when I saw that bestiality— / So beyond all brute-beast imagining, / That when, to point the moral at the close, / Poor Salabaccho, just to show how fair / Was ‘Reconciliation,’ stripped her charms, / That exhibition simply bade us breathe, / Seemed something healthy and commendable / After obscenity grotesqued so much / It slunk away revolted at itself. Example: This is to grotesque Dante, not to translate him.
Word: spleen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt. Pronunciation: /spliːn/ 1. In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A bad mood; spitefulness. Compare gall. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: In noble minds some dregs remain, / Not yet purged off, of spleen and sour disdain. Example: Too many, however, who might take an honourable stand, fear the petty spleen of the plantocracy; preferring the most disgusting adulation, to the blessing of him ready to perish. 3. A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim. Labels: countable, obsolete, rare, uncountable Example: A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways. Brief as the lightning in the collied night; That, in a spleen, unfolds both heaven and Earth 4. Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: Bodies changed to various forms by spleen. Example: There is a luxury in self-dispraise: / And inward self-disparagement affords / To meditative spleen a grateful feast. 5. A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: By virtue, thou enforcest laughter ; thy silly thought, my spleen
Word: spleen Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt. Pronunciation: /spliːn/ 1. To dislike. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: T. Wentworth ſpleen'd the Bishop 2. To annoy or irritate. Example: There had been a good deal of provocation, we have no doubt, before the republican simplicity, at which Mrs Trollope seems to have been so justly offended, was spleened into speaking of the old woman. Example: If you want to know why I am always spleening her, it is because I am always elsewhere with friends, and disseminating so much currency, and performing so many things that can spleen a mother. 3. To complain; to rail; to vent one's spleen. Labels: ambitransitive Example: It was satisfactory to a majority of the bolters, but most of the democrats spleened against him. Example: He never counseled litigation for the sake of litigation, and no client ever complained of his loyalty, He hated sham and pretense, and openly spleened at the empty mouthing oracle of the street corner, the society, or the church. 4. To remove the spleen, or, by extension, to gore. Example: Nor did they only take Townes, kill such as made resistance, and rob houses, with the Licentiousnesse and Avarice of Souldiers, but with barbarous Inhumanity spared no age nor modesty; tyrannizing over the Rest and Monuments of the dead, which they spleened as much as the Living; Example: I grant a good deal to Grecian pride of prose, and Roman fund of poesy, when spleened and gored to shame, defeat, and loss of prestige, on the battle-field by mere "barbaric" ( ? ) troops of Cimbric Hyperborean Celts. 5. To excise or remove. Example: That will be how we lose what we have gained, The incremental rapture at the core, Spleened of the belly's thick placental wrath, And the seed's roar. Example: Picking up where I left off...broken down, knowing they'd pick through my bones like vultures for what marrow they hadn't already spleened from me.
Word: lahar Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦲꦂ (lahar). Introduced as geological term by Berend George Escher in 1922. Pronunciation: /ˈlɑhɑɹ/ 1. A volcanic mudflow. Example: Such a highly destructive mud-flow (termed a lahar) eventually stops as a pile of debris of all shapes and sizes, as mixed up as a glacial moraine; the two deposits have often been confused. Example: Pyroclastic flows are often difficult to distinguish in outcrops from a similar type of fragmental debris flow known as lahars. Both are characteristically unstratified and unsorted. A deposit containing blocks of varied compositions with rounded shapes is more likely to have been formed by a lahar than by a glowing avalanche.
Word: mudflow Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From mud + flow. 1. A type of landslide characterized by large flows of mud and water. Example: Some believe an earthquake set off the disaster, others that the mudflow was caused by a company drilling for natural gas. Example: [A] rockflow involving at least 1.5 million m3 of material moved down the Uchau-Su river valley into the sea within a day. Some mudflows are so viscous that they come to a halt in the stream channel. On slopes, soilflow or earthflow depend[…] 2. The dried-out product of such a flow.
Word: landslide Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Germanic *landą Proto-West Germanic *land Old English land Middle English lond English land English slide English landslide From land + slide. Pronunciation: /ˈlæn(d).slaɪd/ 1. A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path. Example: Near-synonym: mudflow Example: The landslides Wednesday in Zhejiang province, south of the financial hub of Shanghai, followed Typhoon Megi, which brought heavy rains and high winds to China and Taiwan this past week.[…] The second landslide in Wencheng county killed five people, with one person still missing, an official at the county’s flood control office said Saturday. 2. A vote won by a wide or overwhelming majority. Example: The candidate won at 61% to 39%, which most people are calling a landslide.
Word: landslide Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Germanic *landą Proto-West Germanic *land Old English land Middle English lond English land English slide English landslide From land + slide. Pronunciation: /ˈlæn(d).slaɪd/ 1. To undergo a landslide. Example: So it landslid mightily, carrying off greens and fairways and all.
Word: mud Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mud, mudde, mode, probably a borrowing from Middle Dutch mod, modde or Middle Low German mudde, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mudde (“mud”), Middle High German mot (“mud”), Swedish modd (“slush”). Compare also suffixed variants English mother (“vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol”), West Frisian modder (“mud”), Dutch modder (“mud”), German Low German Mudder (“mud”), German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”), Danish mudder (“mud”). Alternative etymology suggests the Proto-Germanic word is possibly borrowed from a Uralic language (compare e.g. Finnish muta (“mud”), Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”), Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”) from Proto-Uralic *muďa (“earth”)). Pronunciation: /mʌd/, /mʊd/ 1. A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A plaster-like mixture used to texture or smooth drywall. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Wet concrete as it is being mixed, delivered and poured. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable 4. Willfully abusive, even slanderous remarks or claims, notably between political opponents. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: The campaign issues got lost in all the mud from both parties. 5. Money, dough, especially when proceeding from dirty business. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable 6. Stool that is exposed as a result of anal sex. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. A particle less than 62.5 microns in diameter, following the Wentworth scale Labels: countable, uncountable 8. A black person. Labels: countable, derogatory, ethnic, slang, slur, uncountable Example: That includes muds, spics, kikes and niggers. Example: How could they be so gullible to think peace and love could be achieved with the muds burning down our cities […] 9. Drilling fluid. Labels: countable, uncountable 10. Coffee. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable 11. Opium. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable Example: Of course, I take a bang or some mud in coffee now and then, and I pick up on gage right smart. Example: Brown Stuff, or Mud . . . Opium 12. Heroin. Labels: countable, slang, uncountable 13. Lean. Labels: US, countable, slang, uncountable 14. real property in English Land Law Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: mud Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English mud, mudde, mode, probably a borrowing from Middle Dutch mod, modde or Middle Low German mudde, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mudde (“mud”), Middle High German mot (“mud”), Swedish modd (“slush”). Compare also suffixed variants English mother (“vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol”), West Frisian modder (“mud”), Dutch modder (“mud”), German Low German Mudder (“mud”), German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”), Danish mudder (“mud”). Alternative etymology suggests the Proto-Germanic word is possibly borrowed from a Uralic language (compare e.g. Finnish muta (“mud”), Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”), Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”) from Proto-Uralic *muďa (“earth”)). Pronunciation: /mʌd/, /mʊd/ 1. To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something). Labels: transitive 2. To make turbid. Labels: transitive 3. To go under the mud, as an eel does. Labels: intransitive
Word: mud Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch mud, from West Germanic, from Latin modius. Doublet of modius and muid. Pronunciation: /mʌd/, /mʊd/ 1. A traditional Dutch unit of dry measure of variable size, frequently about 3 bushels. Labels: historical 2. A traditional Dutch unit of land area, vaguely reckoned as the amount of land required to sow a mud of seed. Labels: historical 3. A kind of box traditionally used in the Netherlands for measuring muds. Labels: historical
Word: mud Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From MUD. Pronunciation: /mʌd/, /mʊd/ 1. To participate in a MUD or multi-user dungeon. Labels: Internet, intransitive Example: Wizards, in general, have a very different experience of mudding than other players. Because of their palpable and extensive extra powers over other players, and because of their special role in MUD society, they are frequently treated differently[…]
Word: rockslide Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From rock + slide. 1. A type of landslide characterized by falling rocks.
Word: volcano Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian vulcano, from Vulcano (“a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea”), from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking”). Doublet of bolcane and Vulcan. Pronunciation: /vɒlˈkeɪ.nəʊ/, /vɒlˈkɑː.nəʊ/, /vɔlˈkɛjnəw/, /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/, /vɔlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ 1. A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface. Example: Iceland's volcanoes are among the most active on Earth. 2. A kind of firework producing an upward plume of sparks.
Word: volcano Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Italian vulcano, from Vulcano (“a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea”), from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking”). Doublet of bolcane and Vulcan. Pronunciation: /vɒlˈkeɪ.nəʊ/, /vɒlˈkɑː.nəʊ/, /vɔlˈkɛjnəw/, /vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/, /vɔlˈkeɪ.noʊ/ 1. to erupt; to burst forth Example: She shrank back, the words volcanoed, words that stabbed again, and yet again Example: Startled, you look up at the horizon just in time to see a gigantic plume of ash and dust volcanoing up into the sky and spreading out to form a gigantic cloud that will persist for days, weeks, perhaps years.
Word: swamp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Early attestations (starting in 1624) are from North America, but the term was probably in local use in Britain earlier. The etymology is not entirely certain; it is probably a fusion of Middle English swam (“swamp, muddy pool, bog, marsh”, also “fungus, mushroom”) — from Old English swamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), from Proto-West Germanic *swamm, from Proto-Germanic *swambaz, *swammaz — and Middle English sompe (“marsh, morass”), from either Middle Dutch somp, sump (“marsh, swamp”) or Middle Low German sump (“marsh, swamp”) (from Old Saxon *sump (“swamp, marsh”)), both from Proto-West Germanic *sump, from Proto-Germanic *sumpaz. *Swambaz, *swammaz and *sumpaz are likely related to each other, but it is unclear whether they are of Indo-European origin or are substrate words or wanderworts. The word has alternatively been suggested to be a borrowing from Dutch zwamp (“swamp, marsh, fen”). Other cognates include Middle Low German swamp (“sponge, mushroom”), Dutch zomp (“swamp, lake, marshy place”), German Low German Sump (“swamp, bog, marsh”), German Sumpf (“swamp”), Swedish sump (“swamp”). Related also to Dutch zwam (“fungus, punk, tinder”), German Schwamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Swedish svamp (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Icelandic svampur, sveppur (“fungus”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌻 (swumsl, “a ditch”). Related to sump, swim. Pronunciation: /ˈswɒmp/, /ˈswɑmp/ 1. An area of wet (water-saturated), spongy (soft) land, often with trees, generally a rich ecosystem for certain plants and animals but ill-suited for many agricultural purposes. (A type of wetland. Compare marsh, bog, fen.) Example: Some small Marshes and Swamps there are, but more profitable than hurtfull. Example: The vast swamps of Southern Ontario proved a grim nightmare to the construction gangs. Treacherous and seemingly bottomless, the swamps swallowed thousands of tons of timber and debris, yet still afforded no firm surface on which the track could be laid. 2. A place or situation that is foul or where progress is difficult. Labels: figuratively Example: We two...in this swamp of iniquity...together we can bring redress to an unjust world. 3. The alleged corruption, cronyism, inefficiency, and entrenched interests in the federal government, especially in Washington, DC. Labels: US Example: On InfoWars, Alex Jones told his audience, "This is over the top sickening. Next they'll say Jeffrey Epstein never even existed. This is the swamp winning. No one is buying this."
Word: swamp Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Early attestations (starting in 1624) are from North America, but the term was probably in local use in Britain earlier. The etymology is not entirely certain; it is probably a fusion of Middle English swam (“swamp, muddy pool, bog, marsh”, also “fungus, mushroom”) — from Old English swamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), from Proto-West Germanic *swamm, from Proto-Germanic *swambaz, *swammaz — and Middle English sompe (“marsh, morass”), from either Middle Dutch somp, sump (“marsh, swamp”) or Middle Low German sump (“marsh, swamp”) (from Old Saxon *sump (“swamp, marsh”)), both from Proto-West Germanic *sump, from Proto-Germanic *sumpaz. *Swambaz, *swammaz and *sumpaz are likely related to each other, but it is unclear whether they are of Indo-European origin or are substrate words or wanderworts. The word has alternatively been suggested to be a borrowing from Dutch zwamp (“swamp, marsh, fen”). Other cognates include Middle Low German swamp (“sponge, mushroom”), Dutch zomp (“swamp, lake, marshy place”), German Low German Sump (“swamp, bog, marsh”), German Sumpf (“swamp”), Swedish sump (“swamp”). Related also to Dutch zwam (“fungus, punk, tinder”), German Schwamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Swedish svamp (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Icelandic svampur, sveppur (“fungus”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌻 (swumsl, “a ditch”). Related to sump, swim. Pronunciation: /ˈswɒmp/, /ˈswɑmp/ 1. To drench or fill with water. Example: The boat was swamped in the storm. 2. To overwhelm; to make too busy, or overrun the capacity of. Labels: figuratively Example: I have been swamped with paperwork ever since they started using the new system. Example: "I'm being swamped now with calls from parents and young people who are upset that there are not many options for employment this summer," he said. 3. To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. Labels: figuratively Example: The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. Example: Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory[…] 4. To clear (a road or an area) of brush, particularly so as to create a path for loggers to be able to access trees. Labels: Appalachia Example: Nothing to it but clearing out underbrush and limbs so teams can get to the logs. […] If anyone asks, just tell him you've swamped roads ever since you was big enough to lift a hatchet. Example: I guess I've done it all. Drove teams, drove grabs (device used to fasten a trail of logs together), swamped (cleared the ground of underbrush and fallen trees for road construction).
Word: wetland Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From wet + land. Cognate with West Frisian wetlân. 1. Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas. Labels: plural-normally Example: European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.
Word: brunch Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Blend of breakfast + lunch. Attested from 1895 in British English and from 1930 in the United States. Pronunciation: /bɹʌnt͡ʃ/, /bɹʌnʃ/ 1. A meal eaten later in the day than breakfast and earlier than lunch, often in a leisurely, festive, and/or social way, and often consisting of typical foods from both of those meals. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I normally have brunch at the café next to work. Example: Let's do brunch sometime at the salad bar!
Word: brunch Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Blend of breakfast + lunch. Attested from 1895 in British English and from 1930 in the United States. Pronunciation: /bɹʌnt͡ʃ/, /bɹʌnʃ/ 1. To eat brunch.
Word: tutti frutti Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of tutti-frutti. Labels: alt-of, alternative, uncountable
Word: hard and fast Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative form of hard-and-fast. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable Example: In the spring of 1857, I, with several friends, left Hongkong for Shanghai, viâ Foochow, in the small coasting steamer Antelope. No noteworthy incident occurred until after leaving Foochow when, as we were enjoying our after dinner coffee and cigars, and by chance discussing the question of thirteen sitting down at table that had occurred at a dinner at which one of the party had shortly before been present, a violent thump and tremulous motion of the vessel announced the unpleasant fact that we had struck upon something. We rushed on deck and found the steamer hard and fast on a reef near Matsu Island. Fortunately the day was fine and there was no sea on. Example: Many doctors, and indeed the F.D.A., say they are going to wait for a 4,400-patient study that is under way before they draw hard and fast conclusions, but those results won't be due until 2009.
Word: hard-and-fast Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested 1867, originally of a ship on shore. 1. strictly maintained; not subject to variation Labels: idiomatic, not-comparable Example: to stick to hard-and-fast rules
Word: swivel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English swyvel, swivel, from a derivative of Old English swīfan (“to revolve”), + -el, an instrumental suffix, equivalent to swive + -el. Pronunciation: /ˈswɪvəl/ 1. A piece, such as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The patter of feet, and clatter of strap and swivel, seemed to swell into a bewildering din, but they were almost upon the fielato offices, where the carretera entered the town, before a rifle flashed. 2. A small piece of ordnance, turning on a point or swivel; called also swivel gun. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: [The settlement] was entirely surrounded by a broad unfordable marsh or swamp, which prevented all communication, except by private paths under water, known only to the rebels, and before which Baron had placed loaded swivels […] Example: Applied to guns mounted upon the cartridges were fired without being tripods, stands, swivels, or carriages 3. Strength of mind or character that enables one to overcome adversity; confidence; force of will. Labels: slang, uncountable Example: Bob ain't got no swivel. 4. The act of swivelling. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A rotating of the hips. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. A small, usually ball- or barrel-shaped device used in angling to connect sections of fishing lines, consisting of two rings linked via a thrust bearing pivot joint. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: swivel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English swyvel, swivel, from a derivative of Old English swīfan (“to revolve”), + -el, an instrumental suffix, equivalent to swive + -el. Pronunciation: /ˈswɪvəl/ 1. To swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot. Labels: intransitive Example: As expected, Swansea began the game with some patient passing and the first chance fell to striker Michu in the fourth minute when he controlled a cross by Jonjo Shelvey and swivelled in the penalty box, only to fire over the bar.
Word: pedestal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French piédestal, itself borrowed from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”). Spelling influenced by Latin pēs, pedem. Pronunciation: /ˈpɛdɪstəl/, /ˈpɛdɪsˌtuːl/ 1. The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp. Example: The table and two base pedestals cost more than $4,000. The pedestals are described as having “hand applied ebonized inlay with bell flowers topped by hand carved scrolls and a fluted column.” Example: The state reached a deal with the city to remove the 40-foot granite pedestal the Lee statue sat on for more than a century. 2. A place of reverence or honor. Labels: figuratively Example: He has put his mother on a pedestal. You can't say a word against her. Example: It’s an old, old story. We’ve all placed people on pedestals, and then, almost inevitably, they let us down. They violate our trust. They betray us. They fall off the pedestal, or we remove them. 3. A casting secured to the frame of a truck of a railcar and forming a jaw for holding a journal box. 4. A pillow block; a low housing. 5. An iron socket, or support, for the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier. 6. a pedestal coil, group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one above another, used in a radiator. 7. A ground-level housing for a passive connection point for underground cables. 8. The measured value when no input signal is given. 9. The central part of the cockpit, between the pilots, where various controls are located. 10. An item upon which television cameras are mounted. 11. The tough protuberant pad covering a dromedary's sternum, which, when the camel lies down, causes the abdomen to be slightly above the hot ground.
Word: pedestal Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French piédestal, itself borrowed from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”). Spelling influenced by Latin pēs, pedem. Pronunciation: /ˈpɛdɪstəl/, /ˈpɛdɪsˌtuːl/ 1. To set or support on (or as if on) a pedestal.
Word: putative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested c. 1432, from Middle French putatif, from Latin putātīvus (“supposed, purported”), from putātus (“thought”), from putō (“to think, to consider, to reckon”). Pronunciation: /ˈpjuː.tə.tɪv/, /ˈpju.tə.tɪv/, /ˈpjʉː.tə.tɪv/ 1. Commonly believed or deemed to be the case; generally assumed. Example: Just as Prince Sihanouk is fronting for the Khmer Rouge today . . . so also was he their putative leader from 1970 to 1975. Example: If they are in fact sound, then, of course, desire-utilitarianism need not account for the putative wrongness of infanticide. 2. Accepted by supposition rather than as a result of proof. Example: In answer to the objection, that if a thing is only putative, it is fictitious Example: [T]he lady . . . insisted upon going herself, requesting me to mind for a second the baby. . . . lo! the baby awoke and stared at me with a pair of big frightened eyes, which the little thing in another moment rolled in all directions, as if in search of its putative mother. 3. Alleged, purported, ostensible, professed. Example: A putative love tonic was made from the water in which myrtle leaves and flowers had been steeped. Example: Karr's past does raise suspicions. When he was arrested in Bangkok, he was living in a dormitory-like guesthouse in a neighborhood frequented by sex tourists. . . . Of course, Karr's putative pedophilia would not make him guilty of murder. 4. Prospective, potential, proposed. Labels: proscribed, sometimes Example: Paralleling this extension of government control was the development of a formally constituted opposition […] In some cases a former Prime Minister was clearly acknowledged as leader and putative Prime Minister, in others a generally-accepted leader emerged. Example: She requested that no announcement be made of the promised book until she had more of it down on paper. Having put some distance between herself and her putative book, she relaxed by continuing to lecture and to work on other projects.
Word: ludibund Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin ludibundus. 1. sportive, playful, frolicsome Labels: archaic, formal
Word: homophobia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From homo- (short for and prefix of homosexual) + -phobia. Coined by American psychologist George Weinberg in 1971 in Society and the Healthy Homosexual. Pronunciation: /ˌhəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/, /ˌhɒ.mə-/, /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ 1. Hatred, fear, aversion, or prejudice towards homosexuals. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He lost his racism when he worked with a black man in Chicago. He lost his homophobia when he was befriended and looked after by his gay neighbors, a doctor and a nurse, in Little Rock. Example: Thinly-veiled homophobia – this time in early-2000s Hollywood – made Brokeback Mountain an immense challenge for Ossana and her fellow producer James Schamus. 2. Hatred, fear, aversion, or prejudice towards LGBT+ persons in general. Labels: broadly, countable, uncountable 3. Deliberate misspelling of heterochromia. Labels: Internet, alt-of, countable, deliberate, humorous, misspelling, uncountable Example: A beautiful cat with homophobia in her 💙 eyes 🧡
Word: homophobia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Latin homo (“man”) + -phobia (“fear”) Pronunciation: /ˌhəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/, /ˌhɒ.mə-/, /ˌhoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ 1. A pathological fear of mankind. Labels: obsolete, uncountable