nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: algebra Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Arabic جَبَرَ (jabara) Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr)bor. Medieval Latin algebrabor. English algebra Borrowed from Medieval Latin algebra, from the Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr, “reunion, resetting of broken parts”) in the title of al-Khwarizmi's influential work الْكِتَاب الْمُخْتَصَر فِي حِسَاب الْجَبْر وَالْمُقَابَلَة (al-kitāb al-muḵtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing”). Pronunciation: /ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/, /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/, /ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ 1. Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations. Labels: uncountable Example: Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not only vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber. Example: Let us conceive, then, of an Algebra in which the symbols x, y, z, &c. admit indifferently of the values 0 and 1, and of these values alone. 2. Abstract algebra: A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside analysis) loosely characterized by its concern for abstraction and symmetry, dealing with the behavior, classification, and application of a large class of objects (called algebraic structures) and the maps between them (called, most generally, morphisms). Labels: capitalized, sometimes, uncountable 3. Any of several objects of study in Algebra Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Any of several objects of study in Algebra Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A collection of subsets of a given set, such that this collection contains the empty set, and the collection is closed under unions and complements (and thereby also under intersections and differences). Labels: countable 6. A system or process (especially one that is complex or convoluted) that substitutes one thing for another, or uses signs or symbols to represent concepts or ideas. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: Fly ! Fly ! avaunt with that base cowardly gibbrish ; That Algebra of honour ; which had never Been nam'd, if all had equal courage—what? 7. The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable): a dislocation or fracture. Labels: historical, rare, uncountable Example: Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra. Example: Algebra is used today by surgeons to mean bone-setting, i.e. the restoration of bones, and the idea of restoration is present in the mathematical context, too.
Word: cosine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Latin co-der. English co- Proto-Indo-European *sinos Proto-Italic *sinus Latin sinusbor. English sine English cosine From co- + sine, short for complementi sinus in Latin, meaning “sine of the complement”. Doublet of cosinus. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊ.saɪn/, /ˈkoʊ.saɪn/, /ˈkəʉ.sɑɪn/ 1. In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Symbol: cos
Word: sine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sinos Proto-Italic *sinus Latin sinusbor. English sine Borrowed from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), a misidentification of the notation جيب (j-y-b), written without vowel diacritics, standing for Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “sine”), in turn from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through the similar Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinus. Pronunciation: /saɪn/ 1. In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.
Word: tangent Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- Proto-Italic *tangō Latin tangō Latin tangēns Latin tangentembor. English tangent Borrowed from Latin tangentem, the accusative of tangēns (“touching”) (in the phrase līnea tangēns (“a touching line”)), the present participle of the verb tangō (“touch”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”). Cognate with Old English þaccian (“to touch lightly, pat, stroke”). More at thack, thwack. Pronunciation: /ˈtæn.d͡ʒənt/ 1. A straight line touching a curve at a single point without crossing it there. Example: One feature of the body, which is constructed of pressed-steel members, is the contour of the sides. They are in the form of a continuous radius from the bottom side to the cant rail, and to enable flat glass windows to be fitted the side panels are pressed around the window opening, forming a tangent to the curved bodyside. 2. A function of an angle that gives the ratio of the sine to the cosine, in either the real or complex numbers. Symbols: tan, tg. 3. A topic nearly unrelated to the main topic, but having a point in common with it. Example: I believe we went off onto a tangent when we started talking about monkeys on unicycles at his retirement party. Example: “Uncle Barnaby was always father and mother to me,” Benson broke in; then after a pause his mind flew off at a tangent. “Is old Hannah all right—in the will, I mean?” 4. A visual interaction between two or more lines or edges that creates a perceived relationship between them, often in a way that the artist did not intend. 5. A small metal blade in a clavichord that strikes the strings to produce sound.
Word: tangent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- Proto-Italic *tangō Latin tangō Latin tangēns Latin tangentembor. English tangent Borrowed from Latin tangentem, the accusative of tangēns (“touching”) (in the phrase līnea tangēns (“a touching line”)), the present participle of the verb tangō (“touch”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”). Cognate with Old English þaccian (“to touch lightly, pat, stroke”). More at thack, thwack. Pronunciation: /ˈtæn.d͡ʒənt/ 1. Touching a curve at a single point but not crossing it at that point. Labels: not-comparable 2. Of a topic, only loosely related to a main topic. Labels: not-comparable 3. Straight; not horizontally curved. Labels: not-comparable Example: The collision occurred on a two-mile stretch of tangent track.
Word: binomial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Formed from Late Latin binōmium + -al. The derivation of binōmium is unclear. It was used by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century. Suggested sources are the Latin nōmen (“name”), the Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “distribution, pasture”), or the Old French nom (“name”). Gérard de Crémone used the word in his translation of an Arabic commentary on Euclid, corresponding to the Greek "ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων". Compare binomy and binominal, as well as the French binôme. By surface analysis, bi- + -nomial. Pronunciation: /baɪˈnəʊ.mi.əl/, /baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl/ 1. Consisting of two terms, or parts. Labels: not-comparable Example: Finally, instead of returning to Chile’s traditional proportional representation system, the law adopted the “binomial” system, which gave strong incentives to the parties to form broad coalitions. 2. Of or relating to the binomial distribution. Labels: not-comparable Example: Assuming a normal approximation to binomial probabilities the proportion of total complications reported for 1979–85 in the age class 0–14 years was significantly higher than the proportion in the same age class for the period 1962–69 (p < 0·0001)
Word: binomial Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Formed from Late Latin binōmium + -al. The derivation of binōmium is unclear. It was used by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century. Suggested sources are the Latin nōmen (“name”), the Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “distribution, pasture”), or the Old French nom (“name”). Gérard de Crémone used the word in his translation of an Arabic commentary on Euclid, corresponding to the Greek "ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων". Compare binomy and binominal, as well as the French binôme. By surface analysis, bi- + -nomial. Pronunciation: /baɪˈnəʊ.mi.əl/, /baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl/ 1. A polynomial with two terms. 2. A quantity expressed as the sum or difference of two terms. 3. A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name. Example: Common name followed by Latin binomial in parentheses.
Word: associative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English associate Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Old French -ifbor. Middle English -yf English -ive English associative From associate + -ive. Pronunciation: /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/, /əˈsoʊ.si.ə.tɪv/ 1. Pertaining to, resulting from, or characterised by association; capable of associating; tending to associate or unite. Example: At present conditioning is viewed as a special case of associative learning which provides an animal (and human being alike) with die ability to discover, memorize, retrieve, and use relationships between signals and reinforcers and also to control rewards and aversive events. Example: Sometimes the attempt was made to reduce the inner to the outer world (Condillac, Mach, Avenarius, materialism); sometimes the outer to the inner world (Descartes, Berkeley, Fichte); sometimes the sphere of the absolute to the others (e.g., by trying to infer causally the essence and existence of something divine in general); […]; sometimes one's own body to a merely associative coordination of the self-perception of the own self and organ sensations with the own body as perceived from outside. 2. Such that, for any operands a,b and c, (a*b)*c=a*(b*c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative. Example: Perhaps it is an advantage of the "associative algebraic geometry" we have tried to develop in foregoing chapters that it is independent of braidings and further generalizations because it will remain valid as long as the corresponding "function"-rings constructed in these theories are associative algebras. Example: It is now generally accepted that the representation theory of associative algebras traces its origin to Hamilton's description of the complex numbers by pairs of real numbers. 3. Addressable by a key more complex than an integer index. Example: AWK's associative arrays may be indexed by strings. Example: Associative memories were once given considerable attention.
Word: commutative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French commuter (“to substitute or switch”) + -ative (“tending to”). See commute. 1. Such that the order in which the operands are taken does not affect their image under the operation. Labels: not-comparable Example: Addition on the real numbers is commutative because for any real numbers s,t, it is true that s#43;t#61;t#43;s. Example: Addition and multiplication are commutative operations but subtraction and division are not. 2. Having a commutative operation. Labels: not-comparable 3. Such that any two sequences of morphisms with the same initial and final positions compose to the same morphism. Labels: not-comparable 4. Relating to exchange; interchangeable. Labels: not-comparable
Word: Arabic numeral Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A calque of Medieval Latin numerus Arabicus, from its gradual adoption in Europe from Arabic sources. 1. A number represented using an Indian and Arabic system involving the symbols 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0, representing digits. 2. The system using such numerals, now employed throughout the world. Labels: in-plural
Word: dodecahedron Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek δωδεκάεδρον (dōdekáedron). Equivalent to dodeca- + -hedron. Pronunciation: /ˌdəʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/, /ˌdəʊ.dɪk.əˈhiː.dɹən/, /ˌdoʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/, /doʊˌdɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ 1. A polyhedron with twelve faces; the regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons as faces and is one of the Platonic solids. Example: 1707, Thomas Blount, Glossographia Anglicana Nova: Or, A Dictionary, Interpreting Such Hard Words, D. Brown, heading DO–DO, Dodecahedron, (Gr.) in Geometry, is a solid Figure of 12 Sides or Faces that are regular Pentagons, it is one of the Platonick or Regular Bodies. Example: It took me two years, but by the time I was 12 I could imagine the fifth four-dimensional polytope, which is made up of 120 dodecahedrons.
Word: icosahedron Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek εἰκοσάεδρον (eikosáedron), from εἴκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “face of a geometrical solid”). Equivalent to icosa- + -hedron. Pronunciation: /(ˌ)aɪˌkoʊsəˈhiːdɹən/, /(ˌ)aɪˌkɒsəˈhiːdɹən/, /(ˌ)aɪˌkɔsəˈhiːdɹən/ 1. A polyhedron with twenty faces. 2. A regular icosahedron: one of the Platonic solids, all of whose faces are regular (equilateral) triangles Labels: specifically
Word: mail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *molko-der.? Thracianbor.? Proto-Germanic *malhō Frankish *malhabor. Medieval Latin malader. Anglo-Norman malebor. ▲ Old French malebor. Middle English male English mail From Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”). Compare Dutch maal. Pronunciation: /meɪl/, /mel/, /mɛj(ɪ)l/ 1. A bag or wallet. Labels: countable, regional, uncountable Example: What, loo, man, see here of dyce a bale; / A brydelynge caste for that is in thy male! Example: Open the Males, yet guard the treaſure ſure. Lay out our golden wedges to the view, That their reflexions may amaze the Perſeans. 2. A bag containing letters to be delivered by post. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The (physical) material conveyed by the postal service. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Meronym: mailpiece Example: Don't forget to pick up the mail on your way. 4. The (physical) material conveyed by the postal service. Labels: US, uncountable Example: It should be in your mail today, unless the post office lost it! 5. A stagecoach, train or ship that delivers such post. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: All trains stop at all stations, with the exception of a few "local" stations near Mombasa and an odd flag stop or two usually missed by the mails. Example: On the morning after the one-day strike, October 4, one of the Type 4s on crew-training, No. D169, was appropriated to head the 3 a.m. mail to Hull, as no steam locomotive had been lit up and the usual Hull Type 3 was not available; [...]. 6. The postal service or system in general. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He decided to send his declaration by mail. 7. Electronic mail, e-mail: a computer network–based service for sending, storing, and forwarding electronic messages. Labels: uncountable Example: Yahoo Mail has been providing mail service since 1997. 8. Email messages conceived in bulk (as with the analogous sense of physical mail). Labels: uncountable Example: You've got mail [old audio clip announcing new email in the 1990s-2000s] 9. An email message. Labels: India, countable, especially Example: Please look through those mails and confirm whether you received the one about scheduling. 10. A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: “Fetch me the little private mail with the padlocks, that I recommended to your particular charge — d'ye hear?”
Word: mail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *molko-der.? Thracianbor.? Proto-Germanic *malhō Frankish *malhabor. Medieval Latin malader. Anglo-Norman malebor. ▲ Old French malebor. Middle English male English mail From Middle English male, from Anglo-Norman male, Old French male (“bag, wallet”), from Frankish *malha (“bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather pouch”). Compare Dutch maal. Pronunciation: /meɪl/, /mel/, /mɛj(ɪ)l/ 1. To send (a letter, parcel, etc.) through the mail. Labels: ditransitive 2. To send by electronic mail. Labels: ditransitive Example: Please mail me the spreadsheet by the end of the day. Example: There has been a crackdown on non-ARPA use of a local ARPA gateway, so I am reluctant to attempt to mail the file to ARPA sites. 3. To contact (a person) by electronic mail. Labels: transitive Example: I need to mail my tutor about the deadline. Example: I was horrified but my data was OK. Then, it saw it open my e-mail package and start to mail my friends. I turned the power off.
Word: mail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mayle (“mail armor”), borrowed from Old French maille (“loop, stitch”), from Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula (“blemish, mesh”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *smh₁-tleh₂, from *smeh₁- (“smear, rub”). Compare maillot. Pronunciation: /meɪl/, /mel/, /mɛj(ɪ)l/ 1. Armour consisting of metal rings linked together. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: The knight is laid in his mail, only the hands and face being bare. Example: "That's funny looking mail, Sire," said Eustace. "Aye, lad," said Tirian. "No Narnian dwarf smithied that. […] 2. Armour consisting of small plates linked together. Labels: broadly, uncountable, usually 3. A contrivance of interlinked rings, for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage. Labels: uncountable, usually 4. Any hard protective covering of an animal, as the scales and plates of reptiles, shell of a lobster, etc. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: We […] strip the lobster of his scarlet mail. Example: There beryl, pearl, and opal pale, / And metal wrought like fishes' mail, / Buckler and corslet, axe and sword, / And shining spears were laid in hoard. 5. A spot on a bird's feather; by extension, a spotted feather. Labels: obsolete, rare, uncountable, usually Example: [T]he moorish-fly: made with the body of duskish wool; and the wings made of the blackish mail of the drake.
Word: mail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English mayle (“mail armor”), borrowed from Old French maille (“loop, stitch”), from Vulgar Latin *macla, from Latin macula (“blemish, mesh”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *smh₁-tleh₂, from *smeh₁- (“smear, rub”). Compare maillot. Pronunciation: /meɪl/, /mel/, /mɛj(ɪ)l/ 1. To arm with mail. Labels: transitive 2. To pinion. Labels: transitive
Word: mail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mal, male from Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement”) from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”). Akin to Old English mǣl (“speech”). Related to Old English mǣlan (mell), maþelian (“to speak out, declare”). From *maþlą (“meeting-place”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”), if so, related to meet, and moot. Pronunciation: /meɪl/, /mel/, /mɛj(ɪ)l/ 1. An old French coin worth half a denier. Labels: historical 2. A monetary payment or tribute. Labels: Scotland 3. Rent. Labels: Scotland 4. Tax. Labels: Scotland
Word: apostasy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin apostasia, from Ancient Greek ἀποστασία (apostasía, “defection, revolt”), from ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi, “to withdraw, revolt”), from ἀπό (apó, “from”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). Pronunciation: /əˈpɒ.stə.si/, /əˈpɔs.tə.si/, /əˈpɑs.tə.si/ 1. The renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse at the Hall occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world to which Waverley-Honour formed the centre: but the more judicious politicians of this microcosm augured yet worse consequences to Richard Waverley from a movement which shortly followed his apostasy. Example: The King of Navarre suddenly abandoned his party and went over to the Catholics. The explanation of his apostasy was as simple as it was base: Navarre had no confidence in the success of his cause, and he cared little in his heart for anything but women and vanity. 2. Specifically, the renunciation of one's religion or faith. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: effigy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French effigie, from Latin effigiēs (“likeness, effigy”), from effingō (“represent, portray”). Pronunciation: /ˈɛfəd͡ʒi/ 1. A dummy or other crude representation of a person, group or object that is hated. Example: In England on Bonfire Night, an effigy is often burned. 2. A likeness of a person. Example: All around, terrace by terrace, there went marble lawns well guarded by onyx lions and carved with effigies of all the gods striding amid the symbols of the worlds. Example: There are two tombs, each bearing effigies of a knight and his lady. One is 14th century, the other 15th century. The earlier knight wears chain mail and his lady has long, flowing hair. The later knight has plate armour, and his wife wears a wimple.
Word: bagel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- Proto-Indo-European *bʰowgʰ-o-sder. Proto-Germanic *baugaz Proto-West Germanic *baug Old High German boug Middle High German boucder. Yiddish בייגל (beygl)bor. English bagel Borrowed from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”). Compare obsolete English bee, Old English bēag, Old Frisian bāg, Old Saxon bōg, Middle Low German bōg, Old Norse baugr. Also compare Austrian German Beugel and dialectal Beigel. See also beag. Pronunciation: /ˈbeɪ̯.ɡəl/, [ˈbeɪ̯.ɡɫ̩], /ˈbɛ.ɡəl/, /ˈbæɡ.əl/, [ˈbæɡ.l̩] 1. A toroidal bread roll that is boiled before it is baked. 2. A score of 6-0 in a set (after the shape of a bagel, which looks like a zero). Labels: slang Example: The Scot, who had been close to a two-set deficit in his semi-final against David Ferrer, avoided the dreaded bagel by seeing off a set point at 5-0 down before finally breaking the Djokovic serve to love as he began to go for his shots with the set seemingly gone. 3. An overly materialistic and selfish young Jewish man. Labels: South-Africa, ethnic, slang, slur
Word: bagel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- Proto-Indo-European *bʰowgʰ-o-sder. Proto-Germanic *baugaz Proto-West Germanic *baug Old High German boug Middle High German boucder. Yiddish בייגל (beygl)bor. English bagel Borrowed from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”). Compare obsolete English bee, Old English bēag, Old Frisian bāg, Old Saxon bōg, Middle Low German bōg, Old Norse baugr. Also compare Austrian German Beugel and dialectal Beigel. See also beag. Pronunciation: /ˈbeɪ̯.ɡəl/, [ˈbeɪ̯.ɡɫ̩], /ˈbɛ.ɡəl/, /ˈbæɡ.əl/, [ˈbæɡ.l̩] 1. To achieve a score of 6–0 (as the winner) in a tennis set. 2. To hold an opponent to a score of zero.
Word: bagel Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈbeɪ̯.ɡəl/, [ˈbeɪ̯.ɡɫ̩], /ˈbɛ.ɡəl/, /ˈbæɡ.əl/, [ˈbæɡ.l̩] 1. Alternative form of bagle. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: “He’s so adorable, Aaron. Part beagle, part basset hound.” “A bagel. Very appropriate.” Example: In October, Allan and Rebecca began to care for Marty’s dog Phil more often and adopted the “bagel” (basset and beagle mix breed) when the time came.
Word: toroidal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: * toroid + -al 1. Having the shape of a torus or toroid. Example: However, because of the lack of guiding principles for the construction of toroids, researchers have not widely studied the self-assembly of toroidal nanostructures as compared with the work on other supramolecular architectures.
Word: torus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”). Pronunciation: /ˈtɔː.ɹəs/, /toʊ̯ɹəs/, /ˈtɔ.ɹəs/, /ˈtoː.ɹəs/ 1. The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut). Example: A 4-variable Karnaugh map can be thought of, topologically, as being a torus. 2. The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut). Labels: in-compounds, usually 3. The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut). 4. A large convex molding, typically semicircular in cross section, which commonly projects at the base of a column and above the plinth. 5. A rounded ridge of bone or muscle, especially one on the occipital bone. Example: While there is a hereditary component to tori, this does not explain all cases. Tori tend to appear more frequently during middle age of life; the torus palatinus is more commonly observed in females, but this is not the case with the torus mandibularis. Certain ethnic groups are more prone to one torus or the other. 6. The end of the peduncle or flower stalk to which the floral parts (or in the Asteraceae, the florets of a flower head) are attached. 7. The thickening of a membrane closing a wood-cell pit (as of gymnosperm tracheids) having the secondary cell wall arched over the pit cavity.
Word: standoff Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Deverbal from stand off. Pronunciation: /ˈstændɒf/, /ˈstændɔːf/, /ˈstændɔf/, /ˈstændɑf/, [ˈsteəndɑf] 1. A device which maintains a fixed distance between two objects, especially between a surface and a sign or electrical wiring. 2. A deadlocked confrontation between antagonists. Example: I don't want to get involved in the standoff between those two. Example: A tense standoff between demonstrators and police continued overnight.
Word: standoff Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Deverbal from stand off. Pronunciation: /ˈstændɒf/, /ˈstændɔːf/, /ˈstændɔf/, /ˈstændɑf/, [ˈsteəndɑf] 1. For use at a distance sufficient from the target to allow defensive fire to be evaded. Labels: not-comparable Example: a standoff bomb, missile, or weapon
Word: standoff Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Deverbal from stand off. Pronunciation: /ˈstændɒf/, /ˈstændɔːf/, /ˈstændɔf/, /ˈstændɑf/, [ˈsteəndɑf] 1. Nonstandard spelling of stand off. Labels: alt-of, nonstandard
Word: parachute Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French parachute, from para- (“protection against”) (as in parasol) and chute (“fall”). Pronunciation: /ˈpæɹəʃuːt/, /ˈpæɹəʃut/, /ˈpɛɹəʃut/, /ˈpaɹəʃʉt/ 1. A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling. 2. A web or fold of skin extending between the legs of gliding mammals, such as the flying squirrel and colugo. 3. Any of various mushrooms with broad, domed caps. 4. A small collar which fastens around the scrotum and from which weights can be hung. Example: Under that there are dildos and butt-plugs arranged by size on two shelves: two fat butt-plugs and four small ones, four two-headed dildos, eight ordinary dildos. Under that, the little material hanging on nails: five different pairs of nipple clamps, some clothespins, a parachute for the balls, a dog collar, two hoods, one in leather, one in latex, six cockrings, in steel or leather, regular or with built-in ball-squeezers, two dick sheaths […] Example: Parachutes are usually made of leather and can be purchased through most fetish catalogs or stores catering to the BDSM scene. 5. A large sheet of fabric used in children's physical education, often colorful, with handles allowing many people to control its motion.
Word: parachute Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French parachute, from para- (“protection against”) (as in parasol) and chute (“fall”). Pronunciation: /ˈpæɹəʃuːt/, /ˈpæɹəʃut/, /ˈpɛɹəʃut/, /ˈpaɹəʃʉt/ 1. To jump, fall, descend, etc. using such a device. Labels: intransitive Example: Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth. 2. To introduce into a place using such a device. Labels: transitive Example: The soldiers were parachuted behind enemy lines. 3. To place (somebody) in an organisation in a position of authority without their having previous experience there; used with in or into. Labels: transitive 4. To wrap illicit drugs in a covering before swallowing them, so that they will be released for absorption when the covering dissolves within the body. Labels: slang
Word: machine translation Part of Speech: noun 1. The act of translating something from one language to another by means of a machine, especially a computer. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The production of instructions in a computer language that are equal in meaning to that in another language. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: flu Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of influenza. Pronunciation: /fluː/, /flʉː/ 1. Influenza. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: catch flu Example: get over the flu 2. Stomach flu. Labels: informal, uncountable, usually
Word: flue Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English flue, flewe (“mouthpiece of a hunting horn”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a back-formation from Middle English *flews (mistaken as a plural), from Old English flēwsa (“a flow, flowing, flux”). Alternatively, perhaps an alteration of Middle English floute, fleute, flote (“a pipe”), see English flute. Compare also Middle Dutch vloegh (“groove, channel, flute of a fluted column”). Pronunciation: /fluː/, /fljuː/ 1. A pipe or duct that carries gaseous combustion products away from the point of combustion (such as a furnace). Example: It has frequently been a subject of inquiry, whether the ancients were acquainted with chimneys, or open fire-places. In the houses discovered at Herculaneum and Pompeii, there are no chimneys; they all appear to have been warmed by furnaces and flues. Example: Besides the usual run of machines, planers, millers, automatics, centre lathes, cranes, etc., there were several power stations, the rolling mills for strip material and for 60 ft. rails, and all the steel furnaces with their complicated systems of flues. If variety is the spice of life, then there was plenty here. 2. An enclosed passageway in which to direct a current of air or other gases along. 3. A woolly or downy substance; down, nap; a piece of this. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 4. In an organ flue pipe, the opening between the lower lip and the languet.
Word: flue Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /fluː/, /fljuː/ 1. Alternative form of flew (“shallow, flat”). Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, dialectal
Word: furnace Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English forneys, from Old French fornais (French fournaise), from Latin fornāx. Pronunciation: /ˈfɝnɪs/, /ˈfɜːnɪs/ 1. An industrial heating device, such as for smelting metal or firing ceramics. Example: Plans for the next phase include furnaces capable of inert atmospheres and partial vacuums. 2. A device that provides heat for a building. Labels: Canada, US Example: HVAC services include furnace maintenance. 3. Any area that is excessively hot. Labels: colloquial, figuratively Example: The busy kitchen became a sweltering furnace. 4. A place or time of punishment, affliction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Labels: figuratively Example: forged in the furnace of fierce competition Example: For the Lorde toke you and broughte you out of the yernen fornace of Egipte, to be vnto him a people of enheritaunce, as it is come to paſſe this daye.
Word: furnace Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English forneys, from Old French fornais (French fournaise), from Latin fornāx. Pronunciation: /ˈfɝnɪs/, /ˈfɜːnɪs/ 1. To heat in a furnace. 2. To exhale like a furnace.
Word: heat Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English heten, from Old English hǣtan (“to heat; become hot”), from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną (“to heat, make hot”). Pronunciation: /hiːt/, /hit/ 1. To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up"). Labels: transitive Example: I'll heat up the water. 2. To become hotter. Labels: intransitive Example: There's a pot of soup heating on the stove. 3. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: Ile leaue you my ſweete Ladie, for a while, pray walke ſoftly, doe not heate your bloud, what, I muſt haue care of you. 4. To excite ardour in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: A noble emulation heats your breaſt, / And your own fame now robs you of your reſt. 5. To arouse, to excite (sexually). Labels: slang, transitive Example: The massage heated her up.
Word: heat Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Either an alternative spelling of het (“heated”), a continuation of late Middle English heet, het (an analogical simple past of heten (“to heat”) created on the basis of bet, the past tense of beten (“to beat”)), or a later analogical formation from the past forms of beten's modern reflex beat. Pronunciation: /hiːt/, /hit/, /hɛt/ 1. simple past and past participle of heat Labels: dialectal, form-of, obsolete, participle, past Example: Then was Nebuchad-nezzár ful of rage, and the forme of his viſage was changed againſt Shadrách, Meſhach, & Abednegó: therefore he charged and commanded that they ſhulde heate the fornace at once ſeuen ⁱtimes more then it was wonte to be heate. Example: The Iron of it ſelfe, though heate red hot, / Approaching neere theſe eyes, would drinke my teares, / And quench this fierie indignation, / Euen in the matter of mine innocence.
Word: factory Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Probably from factor + -y, although in noun sense 1 (“a place where manufacturing takes place”) apparently influenced strongly by association with Classical Latin fact-, the past participial stem of faciō (“to make”); compare manufactory and Latin factōrium (“an oil press”). In noun sense 8 (“a trading establishment”), originally after Portuguese feitoria. In noun sense 9 (“an invoice or inventory”), probably after obsolete Dutch facture (“bill”); see facture. Compare Dutch factorij, Middle French factorie, Spanish factoría. Pronunciation: /ˈfæk.tə.ɹi/, /ˈfæk.tɹi/, /ˈfæk.tɚ.i/ 1. A building or other place where manufacturing takes place. Example: […] St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London. Close-packed, crushed by the buttressed height of the railway viaduct, rendered airless by huge walls of factories, it at once banished lively interest from a stranger's mind and left only a dull oppression of the spirit. Example: The highway to the East Coast which ran through the borough of Ebbfield had always been a main road and even now, despite the vast garages, the pylons and the gaily painted factory glasshouses which had sprung up beside it, there still remained an occasional trace of past cultures. 2. A police station. Labels: UK, slang Example: The guys all knew each other and we were having a jolly old chinwag as we marched them out of the house in front of their stunned neighbours and into a van we had called to take them all to the Factory (police station). 3. A device or process that produces or manufactures something. Example: Radio became a star factory for journalists. 4. A factory farm. Example: chicken factory; pig factory 5. In a computer program or library, a function, method, etc. which creates an object. Example: The task factory […] is the object that is responsible for creating instances of those tasks dynamically. 6. The original state of an electronic device, as it was when it came from the manufacturer. Labels: attributive Example: factory settings; factory defaults; a factory reset 7. The position or state of being a factor. Labels: Scotland, archaic 8. A trading establishment, especially set up by merchants working in a foreign country. Labels: historical Example: We had here his curate, Mr. Furley, who had been nine years chaplain to the English factory at St. Petersburg […] . 9. An invoice or inventory. Labels: obsolete Example: A short factory of goods sent to Janggamay by Thomas Samuell as principal, Tho. Dryver, and another named Cheque as assistants, anno 1613 in Sciam, the which amounteth as in a long factory at large appeareth, in Sciam money unto T. 2,025 2 2½, collected into this brief as followeth: […] Example: What Sterl. is Mr. Lawſon to charge himſelf with, on Account of this Factory, […]
Word: factory Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Probably from factor + -y, although in noun sense 1 (“a place where manufacturing takes place”) apparently influenced strongly by association with Classical Latin fact-, the past participial stem of faciō (“to make”); compare manufactory and Latin factōrium (“an oil press”). In noun sense 8 (“a trading establishment”), originally after Portuguese feitoria. In noun sense 9 (“an invoice or inventory”), probably after obsolete Dutch facture (“bill”); see facture. Compare Dutch factorij, Middle French factorie, Spanish factoría. Pronunciation: /ˈfæk.tə.ɹi/, /ˈfæk.tɹi/, /ˈfæk.tɚ.i/ 1. Having come from the factory in the state it is currently in; original, stock. Labels: colloquial, not-comparable, usually Example: See how there's another layer of metal there? That's not factory.
Word: last night Part of Speech: noun 1. The evening or night immediately before the present. (This entry is a translation hub.) Labels: adverbial, often, uncountable Example: He said he didn't get any sleep last night and I know he hadn't gotten much the previous night. Example: Last night was wonderful. Can I see you again?
Word: last night Part of Speech: adv 1. during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.) Labels: not-comparable Example: We partied last night.
Word: after dark Part of Speech: prep_phrase 1. After nightfall; at night.
Word: after dark Part of Speech: noun 1. A bookmaker's clerk. Labels: Australia, slang 2. A shark. Labels: Australia, slang 3. An 18+ account of a content creator, typically on Twitter (X). Labels: Internet
Word: at dark Part of Speech: prep_phrase 1. During nightfall.
Word: before dark Part of Speech: prep_phrase 1. Before night begins to fall. Example: I think you should finish mowing the lawn before dark.
Word: topsail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English topsail, topsayl, topseyle, topsaill, equivalent to top + sail. Pronunciation: /ˈtɑp.seɪl/, /ˈtɑp.səl/, /ˈtɒp.seɪl/, /ˈtɒp.səl/ 1. A sail or either of the two sails rigged just above the course sail and supported by the topmast on a square-rigged sailing ship. 2. In a fore-and-aft-rigged sailing boat, the sail that is set above the gaff at the top part of the mast.
Word: testa Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin testa. Pronunciation: /ˈtɛstə/ 1. A seed coat. Example: The testa develops from the tissue, the integument, originally surrounding the ovule. Example: The seeds are furnished with a reticulated testa, very much in appearance like that of the seeds of two closely-allied pericarps in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Ward, of Wellclose-square, the names of which I have been unable to obtain, but which present strong evidence of belonging to the Malvaceæ. 2. The external calciferous shell, or endoskeleton, of an echinoderm; the test.
Word: wind instrument Part of Speech: noun 1. Any musical instrument that produces sound when air flows through it.
Word: gnu Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch gnoe, from Khoekhoe ǃnu:, of unknown origin, likely onomatopoeic of the grunt-type noise of the gnu. Pronunciation: /njuː/, /ɡəˈnuː/, /ɡəˈnjuː/, /nuː/ 1. A large antelope of the genus Connochaetes, native to Africa, having curved horns.
Word: esoteric Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐσωτερικός (esōterikós, “belonging to an inner circle”), from ἐσωτέρω (esōtérō, “further inside”), comparative of ἔσω (ésō, “within”), from ἐς (es), εἰς (eis, “into”) (the term esoteric referred originally to the secret teachings of Greek philosophers, versus public or exoteric ones). Pronunciation: /ˌiː.səʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌɛs.oʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌiː.səˈteɹ.ɪk/, /ˌes.əˈteɹ.ɪk/ 1. Intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest, or an enlightened inner circle. Example: The writing in this manual is very esoteric; I’d need a degree in engineering just to understand it! Example: In this situation Hitler availed himself of a time-honored device-the use of esoteric language. In all periods of history, when government or society has put limits on public discussion, those who wish to circumvent censorship resort to the use of esoteric language. Exoterically understood, the text is unexceptionable, but to the insiders who know how to interpret the words, the message is revolutionary and dangerous to the status quo. 2. Having to do with concepts that are highly theoretical and without obvious practical application; often with mystical or religious connotations. Example: When he spoke to me of esoteric mysteries I wanted to say to him,"Don't give me that spiritual hokum, friend!" 3. Confidential; private. Example: an esoteric purpose Example: an esoteric meeting
Word: esoteric Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐσωτερικός (esōterikós, “belonging to an inner circle”), from ἐσωτέρω (esōtérō, “further inside”), comparative of ἔσω (ésō, “within”), from ἐς (es), εἰς (eis, “into”) (the term esoteric referred originally to the secret teachings of Greek philosophers, versus public or exoteric ones). Pronunciation: /ˌiː.səʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌɛs.oʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/, /ˌiː.səˈteɹ.ɪk/, /ˌes.əˈteɹ.ɪk/ 1. An esoteric doctrine or treatise; esoteric philosophy. 2. One who believes, or is an initiate, in esoteric doctrines or rites.
Word: acetyl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱéh₁yeti Proto-Italic *akēō Latin aceō Latin acētumder. English aceto- English acet- Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. Frenchder. English -yl English acetyl From Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “substance”). Pronunciation: /əˈsiːtaɪl/, /əˈsiːtɪl/, /ˈæsətɪl/ 1. The univalent radical CH₃CO- derived from acetic acid.
Word: flammable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Back-formation from inflammable, which is used to avoid confusion with non-flammable, as the prefix in- is often used to mean "un-; non-", although it was originally meant in a sense closely related to en-. Pronunciation: /ˈflæməbəl/ 1. Capable of burning. Example: Near-synonym: ignitable Example: flammable liquid 2. Easily set on fire. Example: Near-synonym: ignitable 3. Easily set on fire. 4. Very likely to cause fighting or controversy; extremely contentious. Labels: figuratively Example: In considering the possible commitment of U.S. forces to South Vietnam , the Joint Chiefs of Staff have reviewed the overall critical situation in Southeast Asia with particular emphasis upon the present highly flammable situation in South Vietnam. Example: They could stuff their ears with cotton, but they could not, after all, fight such flammable ideas ( at least not in the public squares where Attucks's war whoops could still be heard ).
Word: flammable Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from inflammable, which is used to avoid confusion with non-flammable, as the prefix in- is often used to mean "un-; non-", although it was originally meant in a sense closely related to en-. Pronunciation: /ˈflæməbəl/ 1. Any flammable substance.
Word: gasoline Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-der. Ancient Greek χαῦνος (khaûnos) Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)der. Dutch gasbor. English gas Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der. Latin oleumder. English -ol Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English gasoline From gas + -ol (suffix used in the names of oils) + -ine (suffix used in the names of derivatives). So called because it was originally used in the manufacture and enrichment of domestic gases, such as air gas. Some sources suggest that the name originated from the brand name Cazeline, a petroleum-derived lighting oil, from the surname of the man who first marketed it in 1862, John Cassell, and the suffix –eline, from Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil, olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Gasolene is found from 1863, and gasoline from 1864. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/, /ˌɡæsəˈlin/, /ɡæsˈlin/, [ɡæsɵˈlin] 1. A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol. Labels: Canada, Philippines, US, uncountable, usually Example: You can't put gasoline in this car. This car takes diesel fuel. Example: […] naphtha of specific gravity exceeding eighty degrees […] and of the kind usually known as gasoline, shall be subject to a tax of five per centum ad valorem. 2. Any specific kind of this fuel. Labels: countable, usually Example: He was trying to invent a cleaner-burning gasoline. Example: The refinery produces a wide range of gasolines. 3. Marijuana, especially very potent or of high quality. Labels: slang, uncountable, usually 4. An alcoholic beverage made of vodka and energy drink. Labels: slang, uncountable, usually
Word: gasoline Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-der. Ancient Greek χαῦνος (khaûnos) Ancient Greek χάος (kháos)der. Dutch gasbor. English gas Proto-Hellenic *élaiwon Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion)der. Latin oleumder. English -ol Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English gasoline From gas + -ol (suffix used in the names of oils) + -ine (suffix used in the names of derivatives). So called because it was originally used in the manufacture and enrichment of domestic gases, such as air gas. Some sources suggest that the name originated from the brand name Cazeline, a petroleum-derived lighting oil, from the surname of the man who first marketed it in 1862, John Cassell, and the suffix –eline, from Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil, olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Gasolene is found from 1863, and gasoline from 1864. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/, /ˌɡæsəˈlin/, /ɡæsˈlin/, [ɡæsɵˈlin] 1. Made from or using gasoline. Labels: not-comparable Example: If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the ever more expensive and then universally known killing hazards of gasoline cars: […] .
Word: combustion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French combustion, from Latin combustio, from comburere (“to burn”), itself from the intensifying prefix com- + the root burere (a faulty sep. of amburere "to burn around", itself from ambi- + urere "to burn, singe"); equivalent to combust + -ion. Pronunciation: /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/, [kəɱˈbʌs.t͡ʃʰən] ~ [kəɱˈbʌs.t͡ʃʰn̩] 1. The act or process of burning. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A process whereby two chemicals are combined to produce heat. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A process wherein a fuel is combined with oxygen, usually at high temperature, releasing heat. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Violent agitation, tumult. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: From this ground, with a kind of loose scorn, he continues the French Correspondence, and secretly contriveth a continuance of the Scotish Rebellion. He omits no Act of Contempt against the antient Nobility, that they might in the sence of their disgrace be, or at least dayly threaten some new Combustion. Example: There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the university.
Word: computer architecture Part of Speech: noun 1. The conceptual structure around which a given computer is designed. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The science of computer design. Labels: countable, uncountable