Word: with Part of Speech: prep Etymology: From Middle English with, from Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward, with”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi, a shortened form of Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). In Middle English, the word shifted to denote association rather than opposition, displacing Middle English mid (“with”), from Old English mid (“with”), from Proto-Germanic *midi; an earlier model of this meaning shift exists in cognate Old Norse við; elsewhere, the converse meaning shift is exemplified by Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn, “between, amid”) spawning Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “against”) and even likewise frequent reverse meaning 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “from”). The adverb sense is probably a semantic loan from various other Germanic languages, such as German mit, Norwegian med, and Swedish med. Pronunciation: /wɪð/, /wɪθ/, /wɪ/, /wɪv/, /wɪt/ 1. Against. Example: He picked a fight with the class bully. Example: Many hatchets, knives, & pieces of iron, & brass, we see, which they reported to have from the Sasquesahanocks a mighty people, and mortal enemies with the Massawomecks. 2. In the company of; alongside, close to; near to. Example: He went with his friends. Example: No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or[…]. And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness. 3. In addition to; as an accessory to. Example: She owns a motorcycle with a sidecar. 4. Used to add supplemental information, especially to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence. Example: Jim was listening to Bach with his eyes closed. Example: Both armies entered into battle with confidence high. 5. In support of. Example: We are with you all the way. 6. In regard to. Example: There are a number of problems with your plan. Example: What on Earth is wrong with my keyboard? 7. To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; – sometimes equivalent to by. Labels: obsolete Example: slain with robbers Example: He was torn to / pieces with a bear: 8. Using as an instrument; by means of. Example: cut with a knife Example: I water my plants with this watering can. This is the watering can I water my plants with. 9. Using as nourishment; more recently replaced by on. Labels: obsolete Example: I am fain to dine and sup with water and bran. 10. Having, owning. Example: It was small and bumpy, with a tinge of orange. Example: There are lots of people with no homes after the wildfire. 11. Affected by (a certain emotion or condition). Example: Speak with confidence. Example: He spoke with sadness in his voice. 12. Prompted by (a certain emotion). Example: overcome with happiness Example: green with envy; flushed with success 13. In the employment of. Example: She was with Acme for twenty years before retiring last fall. 14. Considering; taking into account. Example: With your kind of body size, you shouldn’t be eating pizza at all. 15. Keeping up with; understanding; following along. Example: That was a lot to explain; are you still with me? Example: Are you still with me? Good. I was worried, because you may not think you need a lightweight rifle.