nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: fletch Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A modification of fledge (“to acquire feathers”) due to the influence of fletcher (“arrow-maker”). Compare flèche. Pronunciation: /flɛt͡ʃ/ 1. The vane toward the back of an arrow, used to stabilise the arrow during flight. 2. A large boneless fillet of halibut, swordfish or tuna.
Word: fletch Part of Speech: verb Etymology: A modification of fledge (“to acquire feathers”) due to the influence of fletcher (“arrow-maker”). Compare flèche. Pronunciation: /flɛt͡ʃ/ 1. To feather, as an arrow. Labels: transitive
Word: floc Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), or from French floc (“floc”), from the same Latin source. Pronunciation: /flɒk/ 1. A floccule; a soft or fluffy particle suspended in a liquid, or the fluffy mass of suspended particles so formed. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It might seem that Mr. Holl, whose initial sketches are glorious watercolors, was an unlikely candidate for a job that is all about hydrodynamics. But he credits much of his inspiration to repeated meetings with engineers -- as many as 30 at a time -- to discuss topics like "flocculation" (the process by which particles form coagulated masses, or flocs). 2. A flocculant, as used in swimming pools to make particles clump together so they are trapped by the filter. Labels: countable, informal, uncountable Example: This can happen for a few reasons, such as adding too much floc or adding too much algaecide prior to floccing.
Word: floc Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin floccus (“tuft of wool”), or from French floc (“floc”), from the same Latin source. Pronunciation: /flɒk/ 1. To use a flocculant in (a swimming pool). Labels: informal Example: This can happen for a few reasons, such as adding too much floc or adding too much algaecide prior to floccing.
Word: floe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Early 19th century. Probably from Norwegian Nynorsk flo (“layer, slab”), from Old Norse fló (“layer”). Pronunciation: /fləʊ/, /floʊ/ 1. A low, flat mass of floating ice.
Word: fluter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From flute + -er. 1. A flute player. 2. One who makes grooves or flutings.
Word: flyway Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fly + way. 1. A migratory route used by birds between breeding areas.
Word: fob Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Low German Fobke (“pocket”) or High Prussian Fuppe (“pocket”), probably related to Swedish ficka (“pocket”), Old Danish fikke, Alemannic German figge, Middle Dutch vicke, all from Proto-Germanic *fikkja, of uncertain ultimate origin: * possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“to assail, strike”), related to *fukkōną (“to strike”); * or of Romance origin, from Latin figere (“to fix, fasten”), possibly via an old form of Italian ficcare. Also see Ficke. Pronunciation: /fɒb/ 1. A little pocket near the waistline of a pair of trousers or in a waistcoat or vest to hold money or valuables, especially a pocket watch. Example: With a saint at his chin and a seal at his fob. Example: As soon as they had confined my arms they left me, and remembering the bank-notes which I had in my fob, I began to fear they had come to the knowledge of this circumstance […]. 2. A short chain or ribbon to connect such a pocket to the watch. 3. A small ornament attached to such a chain. Example: fob seal 4. A hand-held electronic device that can be used as a remote control or as a key to unlock motor cars, doors, etc., and thus, modern car keys.
Word: fob Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From German foppen (“to mock”). Pronunciation: /fɒb/ 1. To cheat, to deceive, to trick, to take in, to impose upon someone. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: I think it is scurvy, and begin to find myself fobbed in it. 2. To beat; to maul. Labels: archaic, transitive
Word: fob Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Abbreviation. Pronunciation: /fɒb/ 1. Alternative letter-case form of FOB (“free on board”). Labels: alt-of, not-comparable
Word: focal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis. By surface analysis, focus + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊ.kl̩/, /ˈfoʊ.kl̩/ 1. Belonging to, concerning, or located at a focus (definite location). Labels: not-comparable Example: focal point Example: The contamination was focal. 2. Belonging to, concerning, or located at a focus of attention. Labels: not-comparable Example: focal point Example: The disturbances at the periphery became a focal concern later in the investigation. 3. Limited to a small area. Labels: not-comparable Example: The rash was focal.
Word: focal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin focālis. By surface analysis, focus + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊ.kl̩/, /ˈfoʊ.kl̩/ 1. One of two lines perpendicular to the axis of a cone such that the cosine of the angle between the line and the axis is equal to the ratio of the cosines o the semiangles of the cone. Labels: obsolete Example: Again, if the plane of the impressed couple intersects the mean plane between N and C, it will envelope the cone whose focals are ON, ON′, and whose internal axis is therefore OA. 2. An object that is used to focus concentration when performing magic. Example: Choose your focals to blend well with the intention of your magical work or ritual. Example: And no witch leaves behind focals. 3. The individual who is the focus of a study or review, when the study or review is based on that individual's interactions with others. Example: As predicted, focals who were paired with peers produced significantly higher levels of reasoning at posttest ( M = 35.34, SD = 4.44 ) than did focals paired with adults. Example: Thirty-one percent of the focals rated as low transformational by subordinates at time 1 were engaging in two of these three leadership/management styles, and 54% of the focals rated as low transformational were engaging in only one of the three styles. 4. A representative of a group or class of people within an organizational system. Example: Attempting to balance priorities across the exploration, science, and aeronautics programs requires constant and complex negotiations betwen the center focals, the projects they represent, and Langley's engineering directorates. Example: Consolidate all focals' requirements: To be done by the Operations Manager. 5. A sign or similar type of marketing material designed to draw attention to special deals. Example: Gesturing at the cleanliness of the design, Medill says, “Originally we had 'focals,'“—signs that call out special offers—“but they blocked eyeballs.” 6. The central or most important element of something; a focal element. Example: We become "native speakers," but variably with respect to numerous valued/powered criteria of truth/goodness/beauty (focals) and their derivative values which "leave" "some” more valuable ( as speakers ) than others. Example: When using supporting flowers, consider their size and shape in relation to the focals and how the colour supports and enhances them. 7. A major point of interest; an attraction. Example: In the Visual Survey Analysis Report, focals are divided into four categories; visual, historical, symbolic, and cultural focals. Focals might correspond to the Kevin Lynch definition of landmarks. 8. An exemplar of a concept. Example: So informants, like languages, show a stable, agreed upon placement of focals, but considerable variability in the boundaries for the extensions of terms.
Word: fogey Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Scots foggie, fogie (noun), perhaps derived from Scots foggie (“covered with moss or lichen; mossy", hence "old, antiquated, decrepit”, adjective), from Scots fog (“moss; lichen”), equivalent to fog (“moss”) + -y. Further origin uncertain. More at fog. Pronunciation: /ˈfoʊɡi/, /ˈfəʊɡi/ 1. A dull person (especially an old man) who is behind the times, holding antiquated, over-conservative views. Example: [T]he old fogies, as you call them, at Bays’s, are some of the first gentlemen in England, of whom you youngsters had best learn a little manners, and a little breeding, and a little modesty. Example: We attribute the use of the word Fogey, by so accomplished a scholar as Mr. Beecher, to the influence of Hoosierism, acquired during a long residence in Indiana—and as used by him, applied to human beings, “old Fogeys” in a serious discourse, meaning by inference, a class of independent old gentlemen, who understand matters and things—are peculiarly prejudiced in their own forms and uses; and who adhere to the old paths of conformity to established customs.
Word: forcer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English force Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English forcer From force + -er. 1. Agent noun of force. Labels: agent, form-of 2. The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump. 3. A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc. 4. A bell-shaped lidded pot for growing rhubarb, used to limit photosynthesis by excluding light, encouraging early-season growth and blanched stems.
Word: formic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Formed from the root of Latin formīca (“ant”) + -ic. Pronunciation: /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mɪk/ 1. Of or pertaining to ants. Labels: not-comparable 2. Of, pertaining to or derived from formic acid (or from methane). Labels: not-comparable
Word: foss Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Pronunciation: /fɑs/, /fɔs/, /fɒs/ 1. Alternative spelling of fosse. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: foss Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Icelandic or Norwegian foss, both from Old Norse fors (“waterfall”). Doublet of force (“waterfall”). Pronunciation: /fɔs/ 1. A waterfall. Labels: Northern-England Example: Another of his flock was spotted garrotted, one found twisted and drowned at the bottom of a foss and a third split cleanly from scut to teeth.
Word: fovea Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin fovea (“ditch, pit”). Doublet of foiba. Pronunciation: /ˈfəʊ.vi.ə/ 1. A slight depression or pit in a bone or organ. 2. The retinal fovea, or fovea centralis, responsible for sharp central vision.
Word: fray Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The verb is derived from Late Middle English fraien (“to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off”), borrowed from Old French fraier, freier, freiier (modern French frayer (“to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub”)), from Latin fricāre, the present active infinitive of fricō (“to chafe; to rub”), an intensive form of friō (“to break into pieces, crumble; to rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”). Sense 1.2 (“to force or make (a path, way, etc.) through”) is derived from modern French frayer: see above. The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /fɹeɪ/ 1. To rub or wear away (something); to cause (something made of strands twisted or woven together, such as cloth or rope) to unravel through friction; also, to irritate (something) through chafing or rubbing; to chafe. Labels: also, figuratively, transitive Example: S. Paul alſo defineth the law to be the knowlege of ſyn, yͭ is, which accuſeth, frayeth the cõſcience, & maketh ſynnes knowen. Example: [W]ith the help of her consorts, [she] carried off the following goods of her said lady; viz. […] four striped muslin night-rails very little frayed; […] 2. To rub or wear away (something); to cause (something made of strands twisted or woven together, such as cloth or rope) to unravel through friction; also, to irritate (something) through chafing or rubbing; to chafe. Labels: also, figuratively, specifically, transitive 3. To force or make (a path, way, etc.) through. Labels: transitive 4. To bruise (someone or something); also, to take the virginity of (someone, usually a female person); to deflower. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: [T]his ſame Ladie Dryopee, the fayreſt Ladye tho / In all the land of Oechalye. Whom beeing then no mayd / (For why the God of Delos and of Delphos had her frayd) / Andræmon taketh too hys wyfe, and thinkes him well apayd. 5. To become unravelled or worn; to unravel. Labels: intransitive 6. To rub. Labels: intransitive Example: Another distance, I do not know how far, of dry dark heather continually fraying against my knees, is traversed, when in front appears a coombe, overgrown with heather from summit to foot, and I stop suddenly. 7. To rub. Labels: intransitive, specifically Example: His [a hart's] head when it commeth firſt out, hath a ruſſet pyll vpon it, the which is called Veluet,[…]. When his head is growne out to the full bigneſſe, then he rubbeth of that pyll, and that is called fraying of his head. Example: And foresters have busy been, / To track the buck in thicket green; / […] / We can shew the marks he made, / When ’gainst the oak his antlers fray’d; […] 8. Of a person's mental strength, nerves, temper, etc.: to become exhausted or worn out. Labels: figuratively, intransitive Example: The hectic day ended in her nerves frayed.
Word: fray Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The verb is derived from Late Middle English fraien (“to beat so as to cause bruising, to bruise; to crush; to rub; to wear, wear off”), borrowed from Old French fraier, freier, freiier (modern French frayer (“to clear, open up (a path, etc.); (figuratively) to find one’s way through (something); (obsolete) to rub”)), from Latin fricāre, the present active infinitive of fricō (“to chafe; to rub”), an intensive form of friō (“to break into pieces, crumble; to rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”). Sense 1.2 (“to force or make (a path, way, etc.) through”) is derived from modern French frayer: see above. The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /fɹeɪ/ 1. A consequence of rubbing, unravelling, or wearing away; a fraying; also, a place where fraying has occurred. Labels: archaic, intransitive, obsolete Example: The laces frayed at the cut end. Example: "And pray, sir, what do [you] think of Miss Morland's gown?" / "It is very pretty, madam," said he, gravely examining it; "but I do not think it will wash well; I am afraid it will fray."
Word: fray Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Late Middle English fraien (“to attack, invade; to make an attack; to brawl, fight; to make a loud noise (?); to frighten, terrify; to be frightened of (something), fear”), an aphetic variant of affraien (“to attack, invade; to harass; to brawl, fight; to riot; to reproach; to frighten, terrify; to be frightened of (something), fear; to alarm, disturb; to arouse, awaken, excite”) (whence affray), from Anglo-Norman affraier, afrayer (“to frighten, terrify; to disquiet; to disturb”) [and other forms], a variant of effreier, esfreier [and other forms], and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to frighten, scare; to be afraid”) [and other forms] (modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre, from Latin ex- (prefix indicating privation) + Frankish *friþu (“peace”) (from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, tranquility; refuge, sanctuary”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to love; to please”)). Pronunciation: /fɹeɪ/ 1. To alarm or frighten (someone or something). Labels: archaic, obsolete, transitive Example: VVhy Dame (quoth he) vvhat hath ye thus diſmayd? / VVhat frayes ye, that vvere vvont to comfort me affrayd? Example: But ſoone as they approcht vvith deadly threat, / The Palmer ouer them his ſtaffe vpheld, / […] Inſtead of fraying, they them ſelues did feare, / And trembled, as them paſſing they beheld: / Such vvondrous povvre did in that ſtaffe appeare, / All monſters to ſubdevv to him, that did it beare. 2. Often followed by away, off, or out: to frighten or scare (someone or something) away. Labels: archaic, obsolete, transitive Example: VVhat, are the turtles fraid out of their neaſts? Example: And the carkeiſes of this people ſhall be meate for the fowles of the heauen, and for the beaſts of the earth, and none ſhall fray them away. 3. To assail or attack (someone or something); to drive (someone or something) away by attacking. Labels: archaic, broadly, obsolete, transitive 4. To chase (someone or something) away; to disperse. Labels: archaic, broadly, obsolete, transitive Example: And this is it, that frayeth men from Chriſt, becauſe they are loath to vunder go his burthen and yoke, to caſt of the world, & leuing thẽſeluen behind thẽ to follow Chriſt. Example: Svveet Phoſpher bring the day, / Thy light vvill fray / Theſe horrid Miſts; […] 5. To be afraid or frightened; to fear. Labels: archaic, intransitive, obsolete 6. To make an assault or attack; also, to create a disturbance; to brawl, to fight. Labels: archaic, intransitive, obsolete Example: Then next is the Clinke, a Goale or Priſon for the Treſpaſſers in thoſe parts, namely, in old time for ſuch as ſhould brabble, fray, or break the peace on the ſaid Bank, or in the Brothel Houſes; […]
Word: fray Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Late Middle English frai (“an assault, attack; a brawl, fight; disturbance, uproar; fine for assault or breach of the peace”), an aphetic variant of affrai, effrai (“an assault, attack; a brawl, fight; disturbance, uproar; public disturbance, riot; dismay; fear; something frightening”), then: * from affraien (verb); and * from Anglo-Norman affrai, affrei [and other forms], a variant of effray, effrei, esfrei, esfroi, Middle French effray, esfroi, and Old French effrei, esfrei, esfroi (“breach of the peace, disturbance; noise; dread, terror”) (modern French effroi (“(literary) dread, terror”)), from Old French effreer, esfreer (verb). See further at etymology 2. Pronunciation: /fɹeɪ/ 1. A noisy commotion, especially resulting from fighting; a brawl, a fight; also, a loud quarrel. Labels: archaic, countable, obsolete Example: Though they did not know the reason for the dispute, they did not hesitate to leap into the fray. Example: Pry[nce]: VVhere be the vile beginners of this fray? / Ben[volio]: Ah Noble Prince I can diſcouer all / The moſt vnlucky mannage of this bravvle. / […] Pry: Speake Benuolio vvho began this fray? / Ben: Tibalt heere ſlaine vvhom Romeos hand did ſlay. 2. A heated argument; a war of words. Labels: archaic, countable, figuratively, obsolete 3. Conflict, disagreement. Labels: archaic, obsolete, uncountable Example: It is the chafing of the lion, and the stirring of the viper, that aggravates the danger; the first blow makes the wrong, but the second makes the fray; and they that will endure no kind of abuse in state or church, are many times more dangerous than that abuse which they oppose. Example: [W]hen the conteſt is by the proud Man againſt the humble Man, the ſtrife is quickly at an end: it is a true Proverb, It is the ſecond blovv makes the fray: the humble Man gives vvay to the vvrath and inſolence of the proud Man, and thereby ends the quarrel; for Yielding pacifieth vvrath, ſaith the VViſe Man [Ecclesiastes 10:4], […] 4. An assault or attack. Labels: archaic, countable, obsolete 5. A loud noise; a cacophony, a din. Labels: archaic, countable, obsolete Example: Where window is open, cat maketh a fray, / yet wilde cat with two legs is worse by my fay. 6. Fright, terror; (countable) an instance of this. Labels: archaic, obsolete, uncountable Example: Thus that fray vvas over, and vve came aſhore again: recovered of the fright vve had been in.
Word: fray Part of Speech: verb Etymology: An aphetic variant of defray. Pronunciation: /fɹeɪ/ 1. To bear the expense of (something); to defray. Labels: archaic, obsolete, rare, transitive Example: [T]he charge of my moſt curious, and coſtly ingredients fraide, amounting to ſome ſeaventeene thouſand crovvnes, a trifle in reſpect of health, vvriting your noble name in my Catalogue, I ſhall acknovvledge my ſelfe amply ſatisfi'd.
Word: fro Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English fro, fra, from Old English fra (“from”), from Old Norse frá (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“forth, forward”). Cognate with Scots frae (“fro, from”), Icelandic frá (“from”). More at from. Pronunciation: /fɹəʊ/, /fɹoʊ/ 1. From; away; back or backward. Labels: not-comparable
Word: fro Part of Speech: prep Etymology: From Middle English fro, fra, from Old English fra (“from”), from Old Norse frá (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“forth, forward”). Cognate with Scots frae (“fro, from”), Icelandic frá (“from”). More at from. Pronunciation: /fɹəʊ/, /fɹoʊ/ 1. From. Labels: obsolete Example: The preest that hawkys so, All grace is far hym fro.
Word: fro Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of afro. Pronunciation: /fɹəʊ/, /fɹoʊ/ 1. Clipping of afro (hairstyle). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, slang
Word: fugal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From fugue + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈfjuːɡəl/ 1. relating to a fugue Labels: not-comparable 2. Relating to flight (fleeing) Labels: not-comparable
Word: fumer Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈfjuːmə(ɹ)/ 1. One who makes or uses perfumes. 2. That which fumes, something that produces or emits smoke or other vapor. Example: The best fumer concepts evaluated to date employ pyrotechnic type mixes with additives (burning rate modifiers, gaseous output modifiers) and/or gas flow-restricting baseplates. Example: Tracers and fumers are small, smoke producing charges that are placed in projectiles. […] A fumer produces smoke at the proper rate to fill the partial vacuum that movement through the air creates behind the projectile.
Word: fungal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From fungus + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈfʌŋɡəl/ 1. Of or pertaining to a fungus or fungi. Labels: not-comparable Example: Doctors determined that the cause of the itchy rash was fungal rather than bacterial.
Word: fungal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fungus + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈfʌŋɡəl/ 1. A fungus. Labels: archaic Example: Fungals are distinguished from Lichens by their more fugitive nature, their more succulent texture, their want of a thallus or expansion independent of the part that bears the reproductive matter, […] Example: Fungals are, however, among the more useful friends of man as food, and among his most dangerous enemies as parasites, destroying the sources of his food.
Word: furl Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Perhaps from Old French ferlier, modern French ferler. Pronunciation: /fɜːl/, /fɝl/ 1. To lower, roll up and secure (something, such as a sail or flag) Labels: transitive Example: With the landless gull, that at sunset folds her wings and is rocked to sleep between billows; so at nightfall, the Nantucketer, out of sight of land, furls his sails, and lays him to his rest, while under his very pillow rush herds of walruses and whales. Example: When he heard a voice thus calling to him, he was standing at the door of his box, with a flag in his hand, furled round its short pole.
Word: gabbro Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Italian gabbro. Pronunciation: /ˈɡabɹəʊ/ 1. Originally, a kind of serpentine; now generally a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene and labradorite. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It is known as gabbro and is thought to form the lower layer of the oceanic crust at about four kilometres depth and to comprise a layer up to six kilometres thick, making it one of the most abundant, if least recognisable, materials on earth. Example: Against the dark Ordovician gabbro, the black volcanic base, Rhynie is a streak of technicolour.
Word: gadder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From gad (“gallivant”) + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɡædə(ɹ)/ 1. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip. Example: He was no gadder abroad, credible Authors avouching that he never went out of his Cell; though both Cambridge and Rome pretend to his habitation.
Word: gadder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English gad Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English gadder From gad (“pointed metal tool”) + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɡædə(ɹ)/ 1. A drilling or perforating machine or apparatus for mining and mineral exploration. Labels: historical
Word: gage Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English gage, from later Old French or early Middle French gager (verb), (also guagier in Old French) gage (noun), ultimately from Frankish *waddi, from Proto-Germanic *wadją (whence English wed). Doublet of wage, from the same origin through the Old Northern French variant wage. See also mortgage. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. To bind (someone) by pledge or security; to engage. Labels: transitive Example: Great debts / Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, / Hath left me gaged. 2. To bet or wager (something). Labels: archaic, transitive Example: O doe not goe, this feaſt (I'le gage my life) / Is but a plot to trayne you to your ruine, / Be rul'd, you ſha'not goe. 3. To deposit or give (something) as a pledge or security; to pawn. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: A moiety competent / Was gaged by our king.
Word: gage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gage, from later Old French or early Middle French gager (verb), (also guagier in Old French) gage (noun), ultimately from Frankish *waddi, from Proto-Germanic *wadją (whence English wed). Doublet of wage, from the same origin through the Old Northern French variant wage. See also mortgage. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Something, such as a glove or other pledge, thrown down as a challenge to combat (now usually figurative). Labels: transitive Example: “But it is enough that I challenge the trial by combat — there lies my gage.” She took her embroidered glove from her hand, and flung it down before the Grand Master with an air of mingled simplicity and dignity… Example: "I'm nothing of the sort," exclaimed the MacQuibble, hurling down the gage of battle at once. 2. Something valuable deposited as a guarantee or pledge; security, ransom. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: [I]t seemed to create a sort of material link between the Princess and himself, and at the end of three months it almost appeared to him, not that the exquisite book was an intended present from his own hand, but that it had been placed in that hand by the most remarkable woman in Europe.... [T]he superior piece of work he had done after seeing her last, in the immediate heat of his emotion, turned into a kind of proof and gage, as if a ghost, in vanishing from sight, had left a palpable relic.
Word: gage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See gauge. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Alternative spelling of gauge. Labels: US, alt-of, alternative, transitive
Word: gage Part of Speech: verb Etymology: See gauge. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Alternative spelling of gauge. Labels: US, alt-of, alternative, transitive
Word: gage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from greengage. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. A subspecies of plum, Prunus domestica subsp. italica. Labels: transitive
Word: gage Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɡeɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Marijuana Labels: dated, slang, transitive, uncountable Example: Of course, I take a bang or some mud in coffee now and then, and I pick up on gage right smart. Example: Black faces, white tablecloth, gleaming very sharp knives lined up by the saucers... tobacco and "gage" smoke richly blended, eye-reddening and tart as wine, yowzah gwine smoke a little ob dis hyah sheeit gib de wrinkles in mah brain a proccess! 2. A pint pot. Labels: UK, archaic, countable, slang, transitive, uncountable 3. A drink. Labels: UK, archaic, countable, metonymically, slang, transitive, uncountable 4. A tobacco pipe. Labels: UK, archaic, countable, slang, transitive, uncountable Example: Troll us a stave, my antediluvian file, and in the mean time tip me a gage of fogus, Jerry 5. A chamber pot. Labels: UK, archaic, countable, slang, transitive, uncountable 6. A small quantity of anything. Labels: UK, archaic, countable, slang, transitive, uncountable Example: GAGE, a small quantity of anything; as “a gage of tobacco,” meaning a. pipeful; “a gage of gin,” a glassful. 7. A quart pot. Labels: UK, countable, obsolete, transitive, uncountable Example: I bowse no lage, but a whole gage / Of this I'll bowse to you. Example: Harry. To pay, Moll, for I must hike. Moll. Did you call me, Master? Harry. Ay, to pay, in a Whiff. Moll. Let me see. There's a Grunter's Gig, is a Si-Buxom; two Cat's Heads, a Win; a Double Gage of Rum Slobber, is Thrums; and a Quartern of Max, is three Megs: — That makes a Traveller all but a Meg. Harry. Here, take your Traveller, and tip the Meg to the Kinchin.
Word: gager Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From gage + -er. 1. Alternative spelling of gauger. Labels: US, alt-of, alternative
Word: gagger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From gag + -er. 1. A piece of iron embedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place. 2. An actor or performer who relies on gags (quips). Labels: slang 3. A hoaxer; a deceiver. Labels: archaic, slang 4. One who exhibits a gag reflex. Example: When it is known that the patient is a gagger, dentures should not be constructed or even impressions made until after several therapeutic hypnotic sessions.
Word: gait Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From a specialised use of gate (“way, manner, behaviour, habit", properly "way, path, street, journey”), from Middle English gate (“way, path, road, street”), from Old Norse gata (“path, lane, alley, road”), from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ (“passageway, street”). Doublet of gate. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪt/, /ɡæɪt/, /ɡet/, /ɡeit/ 1. A manner of walking or stepping; a bearing or carriage while moving on legs. Example: Carrying a heavy suitcase, he had a lopsided gait. 2. One of the distinct patterns of locomotion exhibited by a horse, occurring either naturally or as a result of training.
Word: gait Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From a specialised use of gate (“way, manner, behaviour, habit", properly "way, path, street, journey”), from Middle English gate (“way, path, road, street”), from Old Norse gata (“path, lane, alley, road”), from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ (“passageway, street”). Doublet of gate. Pronunciation: /ɡeɪt/, /ɡæɪt/, /ɡet/, /ɡeit/ 1. To teach a specific gait to a horse. Labels: transitive
Word: gait Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɡeɪt/, /ɡæɪt/, /ɡet/, /ɡeit/ 1. A sheaf of corn. Labels: UK, dialectal 2. A charge for pasturage. Labels: UK, dialectal
Word: gaiter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French guêtre, from Middle French guiestres, guestes pl, from Old French *gueste, from Frankish *wastiju, from Proto-Germanic *wastijō (“garment; dress”). Cognate with Middle High German wester (“a child's chrisom-cloth”), Middle High German westebarn (“godchild”), Old English wæstling (“a coverlet”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti, “garment; dress”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡeɪ.tə/, /ˈɡeɪ.təɹ/ 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep. 2. A covering cloth or leather for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe. Example: Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. 3. A neck gaiter. Example: [He] stood and pulled up the gaiter around his neck to mask his mouth and nose. “People are careful around here, so you'll want to put your mask on,” she told Perry. 4. A part of the ecclesiastical garb of a bishop. 5. A protective flexible sleeve covering a moving part, intended to keep the part clean.
Word: gaiter Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French guêtre, from Middle French guiestres, guestes pl, from Old French *gueste, from Frankish *wastiju, from Proto-Germanic *wastijō (“garment; dress”). Cognate with Middle High German wester (“a child's chrisom-cloth”), Middle High German westebarn (“godchild”), Old English wæstling (“a coverlet”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti, “garment; dress”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡeɪ.tə/, /ˈɡeɪ.təɹ/ 1. To dress with gaiters. Labels: transitive
Word: gaiter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gaytre, from Old English gāte-trēow (“the common dogwood”), equivalent to gāt (“goat”) + trēow (“tree”). 1. The dogwood, or a similar shrub. Labels: dialectal, obsolete
Word: gala Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French gala, or directly from that word's etymon, which is either Italian gala, or Spanish gala, both meaning "festive occasion", and derived from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). (The French word likely kept the final -a to avoid homophony with gale (“scabies”).) Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡɑːlə/, /ˈɡælə/, /ˈɡeɪlə/, /ˈɡɑlə/ 1. Celebratory; festive. Labels: not-comparable
Word: gala Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French gala, or directly from that word's etymon, which is either Italian gala, or Spanish gala, both meaning "festive occasion", and derived from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). (The French word likely kept the final -a to avoid homophony with gale (“scabies”).) Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡɑːlə/, /ˈɡælə/, /ˈɡeɪlə/, /ˈɡɑlə/ 1. Pomp, show, or festivity. Labels: uncountable 2. A competition. Example: a swimming gala 3. A showy and festive party. Labels: countable 4. A red-skinned variety of eating apple.
Word: gala Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒍑𒆪 (gala), related to Akkadian 𒍑𒆪 (kalû). A connection to the similar Phrygian and Roman priests of Cybele called gallae or galli has been suggested, but evidence is lacking. 1. A member of an androgynous class of priests of the Sumerian goddess Inanna. Labels: historical Example: (6) Some galas/kalûs are mentioned in Pre-Sargonic and Old Babylonian texts in connection with classes of women, maids, and ḫarimtu-women. (7) The gala is sometimes mentioned in the same context with other functionaries […]
Word: galena Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”). Pronunciation: /ɡəˈliː.nə/ 1. A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers. Example: 1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98, The galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid. 2. A remedy or antidote for poison; theriac Labels: obsolete, uncountable, usually
Word: gall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ. The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine. Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow and gold. Pronunciation: /ɡɔːl/, /ɡoːl/, /ɡɔl/, /ɡɑl/ 1. Impudence or brazenness; temerity; chutzpah. Labels: uncountable Example: “Durn ye!” he cried. “I’ll lam ye! Get offen here. I knows ye. Yer one o’ that gang o’ bums that come here last night, an’ now you got the gall to come back beggin’ for food, eh? I’ll lam ye!” and he raised the gun to his shoulder. Example: Prichard, while keeping school, had the unmitigated gall to teach Greek, although he had never studied the subject. 2. A gallbladder. Labels: archaic, countable Example: He shall flee from the iron weapon and the bow of steel shall strike him through. It is drawn and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall. 3. Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver. Labels: archaic, uncountable 4. Great misery or physical suffering, likened to the bitterest-tasting of substances. Labels: figuratively, uncountable Example: Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood; Example: The stage its ancient fury thus let fall, / And comedy diverted without gall.
Word: gall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”). Pronunciation: /ɡɔːl/, /ɡoːl/, /ɡɔl/, /ɡɑl/ 1. A sore on a horse caused by an ill-fitted or ill-adjusted saddle; a saddle sore. Labels: countable Example: Riding a horse with bruised or broken skin can cause a gall, which frequently results in the white saddle marks seen on the withers and backs of some horses. 2. A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister. Labels: countable Example: And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, / And remember putting plasters on the galls of his neck and ankles; 3. A feeling of exasperation. Labels: figuratively, uncountable Example: Thou ſhalt be leader of this thouſand horſe, Whoſe foming galle with rage and high diſdaine, Haue ſworne the death of wicked Tamburlaine. Example: It moves my gall to hear a preacher descanting on dress and needle-work; and still more, to hear him address the British fair, the fairest of the fair, as if they had only feelings. 4. A pit on a surface being cut caused by the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point. Labels: countable
Word: gall Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”). Pronunciation: /ɡɔːl/, /ɡoːl/, /ɡɔl/, /ɡɑl/ 1. To chafe, to rub or subject to friction; to create a sore on the skin. Labels: ergative Example: […] he went awkwardly in these clothes at first: wearing the drawers was very awkward to him, and the sleeves of the waistcoat galled his shoulders and the inside of his arms; but a little easing them where he complained they hurt him, and using himself to them, he took to them at length very well. Example: I heard him curse his own misery, while he hugged the chains that galled him: 2. To bother or trouble. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: It is as lack of breath or bread: life hath no grief more galling. Example: I went below, and did what I could for my wound; it pained me a good deal, and still bled freely; but it was neither deep nor dangerous, nor did it greatly gall me when I used my arm. 3. To harass, to harry, often with the intent to cause injury. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: The disposition for these detachments is as follows – Morgans corps, to gain the enemy’s right flank; Maxwells brigade to hang on their left. Brigadier Genl. Scott is now marching with a very respectable detachment destined to gall the enemys left flank and rear. Example: However he had concealed it from the eyes of others, the haughty ire of Margaret must have galled him in his deepest soul. 4. To exasperate. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: Metrinko was hungry, but he was galled by how self-congratulatory his captors seemed, how generous and noble and proudly Islamic. 5. To cause pitting on a surface being cut from the friction between the two surfaces exceeding the bond of the material at a point. Labels: transitive Example: Improper cooling and a dull milling cutter on titanium can gall the surface. 6. To scoff; to jeer. Labels: intransitive, obsolete, rare Example: I have seen you gleeking and galling at this gentleman twice or thrice. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel
Word: gall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English galle, from Old French galle, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”). Pronunciation: /ɡɔːl/, /ɡoːl/, /ɡɔl/, /ɡɑl/ 1. A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii). Example: Even so, Redi retained a belief that in certain other cases—the origin of parasites inside the human or animal body or of grubs inside of oak galls—there must be spontaneous generation. Bit by bit the evidence grew against such views. In 1670 Jan Swammerdam, painstaking student of the insect’s life cycle, suggested that the grubs in galls were enclosed in them for the sake of nourishment and must come from insects that had inserted their semen or their eggs into the plants. 2. A bump-like imperfection resembling a gall. Example: But first for your Line. First note, that you are to take care that your hair be round and clear, and free from galls, or scabs, or frets: for a well- chosen, even, clear, round hair, of a kind of glass-colour, will prove as strong as three uneven scabby hairs that are ill-chosen, and full of galls or unevenness. You shall seldom find a black hair but it is round, but many white are flat and uneven; therefore, if you get a lock of right, round, clear, glass-colour hair, make much of it.
Word: gall Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English galle, from Old French galle, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”). Pronunciation: /ɡɔːl/, /ɡoːl/, /ɡɔl/, /ɡɑl/ 1. To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts in dyeing. Labels: transitive Example: Raw silk is not galled, it is dyed at once in the black without any preparation : the liquor should be hot
Word: gam Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian gamba (“leg”). Doublet of gamb, gamba, jamb, and jambe. Compare gammon and ham. Pronunciation: /ɡæm/ 1. A person's leg, especially an attractive woman's leg. Labels: dated, slang Example: Make the salesclerk blush by flashing some gam and asking him to mix a bucket in your flesh tone. Example: The women's-liberation movement of the late sixties and the seventies – the so-called second wave of feminism – introduced Americans to the notion that their mothers and sisters and daughters ought not to be "objectified": that there was something wrong with reducing female people to boobs, gams, and beaver.
Word: gam Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Uncertain but surely formed within English; etymons may include game or gammon. Pronunciation: /ɡæm/ 1. Collective noun used to refer to a group of whales, or rarely also of porpoises; a pod. Example: Upon getting into a "gam" of whales, this boat, together with that of one of the mates, pulled for a single whale that was seen at a distance from the others, and succeeded in getting square up to their victim unperceived. Example: Breakfast was interrupted as a gam of porpoises surrounded the Argyle, swaying in the foam and singing in gurgles and beeps. 2. A social gathering of whalers (whaling ships). Labels: broadly Example: But what is a Gam? You might wear out your index-finger running up and down the columns of dictionaries, and never find the word, Dr. Johnson never attained to that erudition; Noah Webster’s ark does not hold it. Nevertheless, this same expressive word has now for many years been in constant use among some fifteen thousand true born Yankees. Certainly, it needs a definition, and should be incorporated into the Lexicon. With that view, let me learnedly define it. Gam. NOUN—A social meeting of two (or more) Whaleships, generally on a cruising-ground; when, after exchanging hails, they exchange visits by boats’ crews, the two captains remaining, for the time, on board of one ship, and the two chief mates on the other. Example: There is still that yearning for news from Nantucket that there was when the whale-ships stopped for a gam out in the far-distant Pacific Ocean […]
Word: gam Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Uncertain but surely formed within English; etymons may include game or gammon. Pronunciation: /ɡæm/ 1. To pay a social visit on another ship at sea. Labels: ambitransitive Example: Although most whalemen looked forward to gamming and enjoyed these ocean-borne gatherings, there were at least a few whalemen who either grew weary of them, or just weary of gamming so often with the same ships over and over. Example: This was early in the summer of 1820, after nearly a year at sea, and they had gammed the whaling ship Aurora, which had on board not only plenty of letters but some newspapers as well. 2. To engage in social intercourse anywhere. Labels: US, dialectal
Word: gambit Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *kh₂empeh₂ Proto-Hellenic *kampā́ Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ)bor. Late Latin gamba Italian gamba Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tosder.? Late Latin -ittus Italian -etto Italian gambettobor. English gambit Borrowed from Italian gambetto (“act of tripping; gambit”), from gamba (“leg”) + -etto (diminutive suffix). First attested in 1656. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæmbɪt/ 1. An opening in chess in which material is sacrificed to gain an advantage. Example: Her clever gambit gave her an advantage. 2. Any ploy or stratagem. Example: Their promise to lower taxes is clearly an election-year gambit. Example: The Red Holocaust is best interpreted in this light as the bitter fruit of an^([sic]) utopian gambit that was socially misengineered into a dystopic nightmare by despots in humanitarian disguise. 3. A remark intended to open a conversation.
Word: gambit Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *kh₂empeh₂ Proto-Hellenic *kampā́ Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ)bor. Late Latin gamba Italian gamba Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tosder.? Late Latin -ittus Italian -etto Italian gambettobor. English gambit Borrowed from Italian gambetto (“act of tripping; gambit”), from gamba (“leg”) + -etto (diminutive suffix). First attested in 1656. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæmbɪt/ 1. To sacrifice (a pawn or minor piece) to gain an advantage. Labels: transitive
Word: ganger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English ganger, from Old English gangere (“a ganger, footman”), equivalent to gang + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gunger, West Frisian gonger, Dutch ganger, German Gänger, Danish gjænger, ganger, Swedish gängare, Icelandic gangari. Pronunciation: /ˈɡæŋə/, /ˈɡæŋɚ/, /ˈɡeɪ̯ŋɚ/, /ˈɡɛ̃ŋɚ/ 1. One who or that which walks or goes; a goer; a walker. Labels: Scotland 2. A horse that goes quickly. 3. One who oversees a gang of workmen. Example: Primary responsibility must rest with a ganger. He failed to appreciate the danger of disturbing the track, short of ballast, on a very hot day. Example: The length ganger saw the train passing with the van derailed and promptly telephoned the Sandbach signalman, who restored his signals to danger, but not in time to stop the train before the final derailment occurred. 4. One who is employed in conveying the coal through the gangways. 5. A length of chain, one end of which is fastened to an anchor when let go, when the other end is fastened to a hawser.
Word: gannet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English ganet, gante, from Old English ganot, from Proto-West Germanic *ganat, *ganatō, from Proto-Germanic *ganatuz, *ganutô (“gander”), ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *ganzô. Cognates Cognate with Dutch gent, Middle Low German gante, German Ganter, Ganser, all “gander, male goose”. Pronunciation: /ˈɡænɪt/ 1. Any of three species of large seabird in the genus Morus, of the family Sulidae. They have black and white bodies and long pointed wings, and hunt for fish by plunge diving and pursuing their prey underwater. 2. A voracious eater; a glutton. Labels: South-Africa, UK