nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: bantam Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Bantam (Banten province in Java). Pronunciation: /ˈbæntəm/ 1. Any of several small chickens, especially of a breed that is a miniature version of another breed. Example: From the dairy we passed into the poultry-yard; and there I was introduced to a train of milk-white turkeys, and fowls of the same colour, a few bantams, and three galenies, Mrs. Helen's especial favourites, […] 2. A competitor in an age division between peewee and midget.
Word: bantam Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch Bantam (Banten province in Java). Pronunciation: /ˈbæntəm/ 1. Small or miniature. Labels: not-comparable Example: Dragonflies may be bantam, but their appetite is bottomless. 2. Spirited or aggressive. Labels: not-comparable
Word: bean-eater Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The sense referring to Mexicans is explained by beans being a staple of Mexican cuisine. The sense referring to Bostonians came from a time when navy beans were a staple in Boston, especially as Boston baked beans. It is sometimes said to have originated in reference to immigrants there, but in usage it more often has referred to Boston Brahmins just as much as other Bostonians, and the assertion may well be only an ill-founded assumption. 1. A Mexican. Labels: US, derogatory, ethnic, offensive, slur 2. A Bostonian (a person from Boston, Massachusetts). Labels: US, dated, derogatory
Word: bitchy Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der. Proto-Germanic *bikjanąder. Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā Old English biċċe Middle English bicche English bitch Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English bitchy From bitch + -y (adjectival suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈbɪt͡ʃi/ 1. Spiteful or malevolent; catty; malicious; unpleasant. Labels: colloquial Example: What she said—and what she did—was really bitchy. Example: “Israel is trying to get Iran to attack us just like your bitchy ex who tried goading some dude in a bar to fight you,” Tim Pool, the popular rightwing podcaster, wrote on X. 2. Irritable. Labels: colloquial Example: He’s really bitchy in the morning. 3. Resembling or characteristic of a female dog. Labels: archaic, informal, rare Example: Greyhounds (dogs 4, bitches 2): All moderate; the small bitchy-looking Speculation was placed 1st in dogs, and Kate, by Cauld Kail—Graceful, was 1st in bitches, the former taking cup for best in both classes; […] Example: […] Hatteraick is good in shape and well feathered, but bitchy in face; […]
Word: bitchy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der. Proto-Germanic *bikjanąder. Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā Old English biċċe Middle English bicche English bitch Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English bitchy From bitch + -y (diminutive suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈbɪt͡ʃi/ 1. Diminutive of bitch (“a female dog”). Labels: archaic, colloquial, diminutive, form-of, rare Example: He was ſtretched upon a ſopha—with boots on—a terrier lay on one ſide of him, and he occaſionally embraced a large hound, which licked his face and hands, while he thus addreſſed it.—“Oh! thou dear bitchy—thou beautiful bitchy—damme, if I don’t love thee better than my mother or my ſiſters.” Example: Well, that’s all right, thinks I, and uncommon kind every body was to us—I mean, Gracy and I; and the young missus, a slim, fair-skinn’d girl, with coal-black eyes and hair, and a brow of her own as smooth and white as an ivory fid—ay, as pretty a soul, Mr. Thompson, as you’d wish to look on—she took such a fancy to the poor bitchy, and made me tell about her hangin’ on by my hat, in the surf, so often, that I see’d she was crazy to have the beast; so, knowin’ as such a berth didn’t cast up every day, I told her she might keep Gracy if she was so minded; and, to be sure, how pleased that young woman was, he, he, he! She hugg’d and kiss’d, and laughed and cried over that little black curly devil, all at the same spell; […]
Word: dramedy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek δράω (dráō) Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă) Ancient Greek δρᾶμᾰ (drâmă)bor. Late Latin drāmabor. English drama Ancient Greek κῶμος (kômos) Proto-Hellenic *awéidō Proto-Hellenic *-ā́ Proto-Hellenic *awoidā́ Ancient Greek ᾰ̓οιδή (ăoidḗ) Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ) Ancient Greek κῶμος (kômos) Proto-Hellenic *awoidós Ancient Greek ἀοιδός (aoidós) Ancient Greek κωμῳδῐ́ᾱ (kōmōidĭ́ā)bor. Latin cōmoediader. Middle French comediebor. Middle English comedie English comedy blend English dramedy Blend of drama + comedy. Pronunciation: /ˈdɹɑːmədi/, /ˈdɹɑmədi/ 1. A genre of film or television that lies somewhere between drama and comedy. Labels: uncountable 2. A film or television programme belonging to this genre. Labels: countable Example: ”Fleabag,” Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s critically acclaimed British dramedy, featured a young woman whose strongest character trait — being horny — was decidedly not male. Example: Last year, the Daily Mail found that Emily in Paris, a bubblegum dramedy starring Lily Collins, plugged 37 brands throughout 10 episodes.
Word: hoodlum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First attested in a December 1866 Daily Alta California article, which mentions "the 'Hoodlum Gang' of juvenile thieves". Several possible origins have been proposed. It may derive from a Germanic word like Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”). Herbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York) says the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to "huddle 'em" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs "hoodlums". Pronunciation: /ˈhuːdləm/, /ˈhʊdləm/ 1. A gangster; a hired thug. Example: When the hoodlums reach their headquarters... Example: There is no question the MS-13 gang must be stopped. It is a vile organization of hoodlums with no regard for life. 2. A rough or violent youth.
Word: first-aid box Part of Speech: noun 1. A first aid kit; the box that contains the kit's contents. Example: It consists exclusively of loose-coupled open mineral wagons and a guard's brake van; owing to the isolation of the branch the last-named is equipped with a first aid box and a jack, to enable any emergency to be dealt with rapidly.
Word: collects Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of collect Labels: form-of, plural
Word: collects Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of collect Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: dawns Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of dawn Labels: form-of, plural
Word: dawns Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of dawn Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: jonquil Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French jonquille, itself a borrowing from Spanish junquillo. Possible doublet of junket. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɑŋkwəl/, /ˈd͡ʒɒŋkwəl/ 1. A fragrant bulb flower (Narcissus jonquilla), a species of daffodil. 2. A shade of yellow. Example: She had a jonquil silk pelisse, a bonnet of the same colour, with a bird of paradise plume, looking very much like an illuminated butterfly. Example: At sunset dusky ghosts of sampans, laden with families living up the river, glide homeward against a jonquil sky.
Word: have a bone to pick Part of Speech: verb 1. To have a complaint or grievance (with somebody); to have a contentious issue to discuss. Labels: idiomatic, usually Example: "I offered her that sum if she would take the garment back. And she did, she did, and I shall never have to wear that dreadful satin again." ¶ I made a note of this dressmaker's name. She and I may have a bone to pick some day. Example: "I have a bone to pick with you," said Mrs Bosenna. . . . "You have not been near Rilla for weeks," she went on, reproachfully.
Word: Mister Right Part of Speech: noun 1. A perfect, ideal or suitable male companion, especially a husband. Labels: idiomatic Example: She waited for years and years, hoping someday to find Mister Right. Example: The husband-hunt had been a failure. Carlo had taken at least a dozen potential Misters Right on test runs of longer or shorter duration—perhaps a few lines of IM [instant messaging], perhaps a couple of promising dates, or sexual calisthenics.
Word: marinade Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French marinade. By surface analysis, marine + -ade. Pronunciation: /ˌmaɹɪˈneɪd/, /ˌmaɹəˈneɪd/, /ˌmɛɹɪˈneɪd/, /ˌmɛɹəˈneɪd/ 1. A seasoned, often acidic liquid mixture in which food is marinated, or soaked, usually to flavor and prepare it for cooking. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I like to use a lemon marinade with chicken. Example: How much marinade you need depends on the amount of food to be marinated.
Word: marinade Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French marinade. By surface analysis, marine + -ade. Pronunciation: /ˌmaɹɪˈneɪd/, /ˌmaɹəˈneɪd/, /ˌmɛɹɪˈneɪd/, /ˌmɛɹəˈneɪd/ 1. To marinate. Example: You could just use ordinary shop-bought kecap manis to marinade the meat, but making your own is easy, has a far more elegant fragrance and is, above all, such a great brag! Flavouring kecap manis is an intensely personal thing, so try this version now and next time cook the sauce down with crushed, split lemongrass and a shredded lime leaf.
Word: overexposed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of overexpose Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: overexposed Part of Speech: adj 1. Exposed too much, especially of film or a photograph. Example: The snapshot was overexposed, giving its subjects a too-bright, washed out appearance. Example: A plant that is overexposed to the cold may die.
Word: pikeman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From pike + -man. Compare the Middle English surname Pykeman. Pronunciation: /ˈpaɪk.mən/ 1. A soldier armed with a pike. Example: Vitellius comming on couragiouſly with his pikemen and his harquebuſiers , deuided into two wings, charged them fiercely 2. A person who operates a turnpike. Example: Then there was the music of the rattling harness, and the ring of the horses' feet on the hard road, and the glare of the two bright lamps through the steaming hoar frost, over the leaders' ears, into the darkness; and the cheery toot of the guard's horn, to warn some drowsy pikeman or the ostler at the next change ; and the looking forward to daylight — and last but not least, the delight of returning sensation in your toes. 3. A miner who works with a pick. Example: “My missus told it me at the pit-head, when she brought me my breakfast,” said a pikeman to his comrade, and he struck a vigorous blow at the broad seam on which he was working.
Word: necroscopic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *neḱ-der. Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós)der. English necro- Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *spéḱyeti Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai Ancient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Hellenic *-ós ▲ Ancient Greek -ος (-os)influ. Ancient Greek -ός (-ós) Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós) Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō)der. English -scope Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -scopic English necroscopic From necro- + -scopic. 1. Relating to a post mortem examination Labels: not-comparable
Word: gambier Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Malay gambir. 1. A flowering plant, of species Uncaria gambir, family Rubiaceae, native to Southeast Asia. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: When the entire coast-line becomes a sea of waving palms, with Chinese and Malay villages fringing the shores, which are at present mere barren wastes of mangroves, with plantations of pepper, of gambier, and of tapioca and rice, the Northern Territory, backed up by the unswerving energy of the Australian squatter, miner, and planter, will present a spectacle almost unknown in the scheme of British colonization. 2. An astringent substance prepared from the leaves of the plant, used in tanning and dyeing. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: gadwall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Origin unknown. In use since the 17th century. Pronunciation: /ˈɡædwɔːl/, /ˈɡædˌwɔl/, /ˈɡædˌwɑl/ 1. A common, widespread dabbling duck which breeds in the northern hemisphere (Mareca strepera, syn. Anas strepera).
Word: garganey Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the Italian/Lombard language word gargenei, variant of garganello, by dissimilation of earlier *gargalella, diminutive of *gargala, ultimately from Late Latin gargala (“tracheal artery”), from the root *garg (“throat”), imitative of gargling, see also Ancient Greek γαργαρεών (gargareṓn, “uvula, trachea”). The English usage owes its origins to Conrad Gesner, who used the Italian name in the third volume of his Historiae Animalium (History of Animals) of 1555. 1. A small dabbling duck, Anas querquedula, that breeds in much of Europe and western Asia, and winters in Africa.
Word: goldcrest Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From gold + crest. 1. A very small passerine bird, Regulus regulus, that breeds in Eurasia.
Word: firecrest Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fire + crest. 1. A very small passerine bird, Regulus ignicapilla, that breeds in Eurasia.
Word: gyrfalcon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French gerfaucon (modern French gerfaut), with the first element probably from Old High German gīr (“vulture”) (whence the German Geier). Pronunciation: /ˈdʒɜːfɔːlkən/, /ˈd͡ʒɝˌfælkən/ 1. Any large falcon, especially as used to fly at herons. Labels: obsolete Example: For I obſerve, that all vvomen of your condition are like the vvomen of the Play-houſe, ſtill Piquing at each other, vvho ſhall go the beſt Dreſt, and in the Richeſt Habits: till you vvork up one another by your high flying, as the Heron and Jerfalcon do. 2. Falco rusticolus, a large bird of prey that breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia. Example: [T]he usurper Buljan ordered that his sukkah be erected on the donjon's roof, with its […] relative nearness to the stars, among which his sky-worshiping and uncircumcised ancestors still hunted with infallible gyrfalcons for celestial game.
Word: quirts Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of quirt Labels: form-of, plural
Word: quirts Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of quirt Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: delinquent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French délinquant, ultimately from Latin delinquens, present participle of delinquo. Pronunciation: /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ 1. Late or failing to pay a debt or other financial obligation, like a mortgage or loan. Example: Fred is delinquent in making his car payment. 2. Of a payment or other financial obligation: late or otherwise unfulfilled. Example: The company made a new effort to collect delinquent payments. Example: The station's financial difficulties came to a head last week when the Internal Revenue Service had its bank accounts frozen as a result of delinquent taxes. 3. Failing in or neglectful of a duty or obligation; guilty of a misdeed or offense
Word: delinquent Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French délinquant, ultimately from Latin delinquens, present participle of delinquo. Pronunciation: /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ 1. One who disobeys or breaks rules or laws, or who acts against another's wishes. Example: She had the consolation of knowing that any offence given to her dignity could be avenged on the delinquent who caused it, an act of justice which could not fail to be consolatory, since every one of her daughters had at times stood in stead of "guid King James's whipping-boy," when circumstances arose to disturb the equanimity of Lady Anne's imperious and irascible temper. 2. A person who has not paid their debts. 3. A royalist in the First English Civil War (1642-1646). Labels: derogatory, historical
Word: sticky bun Part of Speech: noun 1. A bun with a coating of melted sugar on top. 2. Synonym of slippery jack (“type of mushroom”).
Word: ungodly Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English ungodli [and other forms], from un- (prefix meaning ‘not’), + godli (“belonging to God; resembling God, godlike”). Godli is derived from Old English godlīċ (“divine, godlike; godly”), from god (“god”) + -līċ (“suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’”). The English word may be analysed as un- + godly, and is cognate with Middle Dutch ongodelijc (modern Dutch ongoddelijk), Middle High German ungötlich (modern German ungöttlich), Old Norse óguðligr (“ungodly”) (Danish ugudelig, Icelandic óguðlegur), Swedish ogudlig. Pronunciation: /ʌnˈɡɒdli/, /ʌnˈɡɑdli/ 1. Of a person: lacking reverence for God; of an action: not in accordance with God's will or religious teachings. Example: They ſay You are a ſpot among Chriſtians; and that Religion fareth the worſe for your ungodly converſation, that ſome have already ſtumbled at your wicked ways, and that more are in danger of being deſtroyed thereby; your Religion, and an Ale-Houſe, and Covetouſneſs, and uncleanneſs, and ſwearing, and lying, and vain-Company-keeping, &c., will ſtand together. Example: [...] Calvinism gave a much more radical development to its Law of Nature. It successfully established the principle of the right of resistance, which must be exercised on behalf of the word of God in the face of ungodly authorities, [...] 2. Immoral, sinful, or wicked. Example: People often turn to ungodly ideas as an emotional response to trauma. Example: [N]ow ſuch as liue vngodly, vvithout a care of doing the wil of the Lord (though they profeſſe him in their mouths, yea though they beleeue and acknowledge all the Articles of the Creed, yea haue knowledge of the Scripturs) yet if they liue vngodly, they deny God, and therefore ſhal be denied, [...] 3. Extreme; unreasonable. Labels: informal Example: We had to start our journey at an ungodly hour. Example: It is a vast picnic in honour of the Virgin. [...] A heaving ebb and flow of humanity fills the eye; fires are flickering before extempore shelters, and an ungodly amount of food is being consumed, as traditionally prescribed for such occasions—"si mangia per divozione."
Word: ungodly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English ungodli (“cruelly, maliciously, wickedly; unfairly, unlawfully, wrongly; discourteously, rudely”) [and other forms], from un- (prefix meaning ‘not’), + godli (“excellently; pleasingly, splendidly; courteously, graciously; gladly, willingly; righteously; properly, rightly; at all, possibly; much”). Godli is probably derived from Old English gōdlīċe (“goodly”), from gōd (“good”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to join, unite; to suit”)) + -līċe (suffix forming adverbs); thus, equivalent to un- + good + -ly. The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch ongodelike, ongodlike (modern Dutch ongoddelijk), Middle High German ungöttlich, Swedish ogudelike, ogudlike (both obsolete), ogudligt. Pronunciation: /ʌnˈɡɒdli/, /ʌnˈɡɑdli/ 1. In an impious, irreverent, or ungodly manner; ungodlily. Labels: obsolete Example: Beholde⸝ the lorde ſhall come with thouſandꝭ of ſayntꝭ⸝ to geve iudgement agaynſt all men⸝ and to rebuke all that are vngodly amonge them⸝ of all their vngodly dedes⸝ which they have vngodly cõmitted⸝ [...] Example: It is ungodly made, fashioned by man, a beast spun from fire and steel.
Word: binturong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Malay binturung. Pronunciation: /ˈbɪn.t(j)ʊəˌɹɒŋ/, /ˈbɪn.tuˌɹɔŋ/, /-tju-/, /-t(j)ʊɹ-/, /-ɹɑŋ/ 1. A large species of civet, Arctictis binturong, of southern Asia.
Word: shake one's ass Part of Speech: verb 1. To perform a dance which involves lots of movement in the buttock area. Labels: informal, sometimes, vulgar Example: I see you baby, shaking that ass, shaking that ass.
Word: chin up Part of Speech: phrase Etymology: Ellipsis of keep one's chin up. 1. Be happy; cheer up. Labels: colloquial Example: Chin up: it’s your birthday.
Word: chin up Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Ellipsis of keep one's chin up. 1. To face a situation cheerfully or with confidence. Labels: intransitive Example: You'll have to chin up to get through this.
Word: Paarl Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈpɑːrl/ 1. A town in the Western Cape, South Africa.
Word: paintings Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈpeɪntɪŋz/ 1. plural of painting Labels: form-of, plural
Word: pair bond Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈpɛɹˌbɑnd/ 1. A relationship, often permanent, formed between a male and female animal; initiated during courtship and maintained after mating.
Word: coming Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English cominge, comynge, comande, from Old English cumende, from Proto-Germanic *kwemandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), equivalent to come + -ing (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch komend (“coming”), German kommend (“coming”), Swedish kommande (“coming”), Icelandic komandi (“coming”). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋɡ/ 1. present participle and gerund of come Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: coming Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English coming, commyng, cumming, equivalent to come + -ing (gerundive ending). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋɡ/ 1. The act of arriving; an arrival. Example: The/this Sunday coming / coming Sunday. Example: But he found it strange to think […] of all these little things that cluster round the comings, and the stayings, and the goings, that he would know nothing of them, nothing of what they had been, as long as he lived, […]
Word: coming Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English coming, commyng, cumming, equivalent to come + -ing (gerundive ending). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋ/, /ˈkʊmɪŋɡ/ 1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next. Labels: not-comparable Example: We expect great things from you this coming year. Example: She will have two or three paintings in the coming exhibition. 2. Newly in fashion; advancing into maturity or achievement. Labels: not-comparable Example: Ergonomic wallets are the coming thing. 3. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: How coming to the poet every muse! Example: That he had been so affectionate a husband, was no ill argument to the coming dowager, that he might prove as kind to her.
Word: lived Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /lɪvd/, /laɪvd/ 1. simple past and past participle of live Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: lived Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /lɪvd/, /laɪvd/ 1. Having a specified duration of life. Labels: in-compounds, not-comparable Example: a short-lived recycling scheme
Word: continued Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /kənˈtɪn.juːd/, /kənˈtɪn.jud/ 1. Prolonged; unstopped. Labels: dated, not-comparable Example: 1797, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, J. S. Barr (editor and translator), Barr's Buffon: Buffon's Natural Hiſtory, page 20, […] and for the pronunciation of F, a more continued ſound is neceſſary than for that of any of the conſonants. Example: 1819 [1736], Joseph Butler, Andrew Kippis (biography of the author), Samuel Hallifax (preface), The Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature, page 93, But when the exercise of the virtuous principle is more continued, oftener repeated, and more intense, as it must be in circumstances of danger, temptation, and difficulty of any kind and any degree, this tendency is increased proportionably, and a more confirmed habit is the consequence. 2. Uninterrupted. Labels: not-comparable 3. Resumed after a division or pause. Labels: not-comparable Example: This article is continued on page 57.
Word: continued Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /kənˈtɪn.juːd/, /kənˈtɪn.jud/ 1. simple past and past participle of continue Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: vats Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of vat Labels: form-of, plural
Word: vats Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of vat Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: BSAA Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Business Software Association of Australia. Labels: Australia, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism 2. Initialism of British South American Airways. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, historical, initialism
Word: hips Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /hɪps/ 1. plural of hip Labels: form-of, plural
Word: hips Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /hɪps/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of hip Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: BPL Part of Speech: noun 1. Initialism of broadband over power line. Labels: Internet, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism, uncountable
Word: BPL Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Bangladesh Premier League. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: palæoanthropologist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From palæo- + anthropologist. 1. Nonstandard spelling of palæanthropologist. Labels: alt-of, hypercorrect, nonstandard
Word: palaeoanthropologist Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of paleoanthropologist. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: maculature Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From macule + -ate + -ure. Pronunciation: /ˈmækjʊlətjʊə(ɹ)/, /ˈmækjʊlət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ 1. Blotting paper. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable 2. Paper waste; printed materials that may not be read, such as junk mail. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable
Word: ramp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French rampe, from Middle French rampe, deverbal of ramper, from Old French ramper (“to crawl, climb, scale up”), from Frankish *hrampōn (“to contract oneself, wrinkle, rumple, crumple, curve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrimpaną (“to shrivel, shrink”). Cognate with German Rampf (“retraction, curvature, shrinkage, spasm”). Doublet of romp. Akin also to Old English ġehrimpan (“to wrinkle, rimple, rumple”), Old High German rimpfan (German rümpfen (“to wrinkle up”)). Compare Danish rimpe (“to fold" (archaic), "to baste”), Icelandic rimpa. More at rimple. Pronunciation: /ɹæmp/ 1. An inclined surface that connects two levels; an incline. 2. An interchange, a road that connects a freeway to a surface street or another freeway. Labels: Canada, US 3. A structure with an inclined surface made for stunts, as for jumping motorcycles or other vehicles. 4. A mobile staircase that is attached to the doors of an aircraft at an airport. 5. A way of hitting a boundary by facing the bat face front and pushing with force to launch the ball. 100% of it done against pace. Example: He hit three ramps in a row to push his team near the opponents total. 6. A large parking area in an airport for aircraft, for loading and unloading or for storage (see also apron and tarmac). 7. A surface inside the air intake of a supersonic aircraft which adjusts in position to allow for efficient shock wave compression of incoming air at a wide range of different Mach numbers. 8. A construction used to do skating tricks, usually in the form of part of a pipe. 9. A scale of values. Example: The RGB model uses the color component of light sources in order to produce more realistic and pleasant results. Internal color representations are always based on a palette-based color ramp. Example: We have created a volume ramp. Play the section in the Timeline and listen to the volume change. 10. A speed bump. 11. An act of violent robbery. Labels: slang 12. A deliberate swindle or fraud. Labels: slang Example: We are surely not meant to think of the sense of “ramp” (from 1819) that means a deliberate swindle or fraud, such as announcing that you have done more tests than you actually have because a third were just posted out. 13. A search, conducted by authorities, of a prisoner or a prisoner's cell. Labels: Australia, slang 14. A leap or bound. Labels: obsolete 15. A concave bend at the top or cap of a railing, wall, or coping; a romp.
Word: ramp Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From French rampe, from Middle French rampe, deverbal of ramper, from Old French ramper (“to crawl, climb, scale up”), from Frankish *hrampōn (“to contract oneself, wrinkle, rumple, crumple, curve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrimpaną (“to shrivel, shrink”). Cognate with German Rampf (“retraction, curvature, shrinkage, spasm”). Doublet of romp. Akin also to Old English ġehrimpan (“to wrinkle, rimple, rumple”), Old High German rimpfan (German rümpfen (“to wrinkle up”)). Compare Danish rimpe (“to fold" (archaic), "to baste”), Icelandic rimpa. More at rimple. Pronunciation: /ɹæmp/ 1. To behave violently; to rage. Example: Mick raged and ramped at the barred door till his voice failed, 2. To swindle or rob violently. Labels: slang, transitive Example: In English slang, to ramp was to swindle or rob. 3. To search a prisoner or a prisoner's cell. Labels: Australia, slang, transitive 4. To spring; to leap; to bound, rear, or prance; to move swiftly or violently. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: Their bridles they would champe, / And trampling the fine element would fiercely rampe. Example: I've seen a ramping equestrian statue of General St. Clare on the Embankment. 5. To climb, like a plant; to creep up. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: Lathyrus ſylveſtris flore luteo. Tare everlaſting. This ramping vvilde Vetch or Tare as the country people call it, becauſe it is the moſt pernicious herbe that can grovv on the earth, for corne or any other good herbe that it ſhall grovv by, killing and ſtrangling them: […] Example: With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, […] and so ramping upon trees, […]they mount up to a great height. 6. To stand in a rampant position. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: And that lyon gaped wyde and came vpon hym raumppynge to haue slayne hym. 7. To (cause to) change value, often at a steady rate. Labels: ambitransitive Example: If Q(t)lt;qᵖ then primary generation ramps up at maximal rate, subject to the constraint that Q(t) does not exceed this threshold. Example: The forces are ramped down gradually to ensure that element removal has a smooth effect on the model. 8. To adapt a piece of iron to the woodwork of a gate.
Word: ramp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: ]See ramson. Pronunciation: /ɹæmp/ 1. Any of species Allium tricoccum of plants related to the onion; a wild leek. Example: A ramp is a potently flavored wild scallion, a vegetable with staying power. 2. A promiscuous man or woman. Labels: Appalachia, obsolete Example: And yet in the very next Canto she appears an arrant Ramp and a Tomrigg;[…] 3. A worthless person. Labels: Appalachia, derogatory
Word: paleoanthropologist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek πᾰλαιός (pălaiós)der. English paleo- English anthropology Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English paleoanthropologist From paleo- + anthropology + -ist. 1. A scientist who specializes in paleoanthropology.
Word: palæoanthropology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English palæo- Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νθρωπος (ắnthrōpos)der. English anthropo- Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor. Latin -logialbor. French -logiebor. English -logy English palæoanthropology From palæo- + anthropo- + -logy. 1. Alternative spelling of palaeanthropology. Labels: alt-of, alternative, hypercorrect, uncountable
Word: palaeoanthropology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek πᾰλαιός (pălaiós)der. English paleo- English palaeo- Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νθρωπος (ắnthrōpos)der. English anthropo- Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor. Latin -logialbor. French -logiebor. English -logy English palaeoanthropology From palaeo- + anthropo- + -logy. 1. Alternative spelling of paleanthropology. Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, hypercorrect, uncountable
Word: paleoanthropology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek πᾰλαιός (pălaiós)der. English paleo- English anthropology English paleoanthropology From paleo- + anthropology. 1. The scientific study of ancient human remains. Labels: uncountable
Word: puppetmaster Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From puppet + master. 1. Alternative form of puppet master. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: fighting fish Part of Speech: noun 1. A small aggressive freshwater fish originating from Thailand, popular as aquarium fish, Betta splendens.
Word: dweller Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel-der. Proto-Germanic *dwalaz Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan Old English dwellan ▲ Old Norse dveljainflu. Middle English dwellen Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere Middle English dweller English dweller From Middle English dweller, equivalent to dwell + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈdwɛlə/, /ˈdwɛlɚ/ 1. An inhabitant of a specific place; an inhabitant or denizen. Example: The new couple are apartment dwellers. Example: [T]he craggineſſe and ſteepineſſe of places up and dovvn is a great advantage to the dvvellers, and makes them inacceſſible, for they ſerve as Fortreſſes erected by Nature her ſelfe, to protect them from all incurſions: […]
Word: cudgel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“a knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“a stick with a rounded end”). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/ 1. A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon. Example: The guard hefted his cudgel menacingly and looked at the inmates. Example: Then they had bouts of wrestling and of cudgel play, so that every day they gained in skill and strength. 2. Anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will on another. Labels: figuratively Example: As above said, legibility depends also much on the design of the letter; and again I take up the cudgels against compressed type, and that especially in Roman letters: […] Example: Mrs. Clinton’s Senate tenure, however, also demonstrated the risks of overcompensation: Not wanting to give Republicans fodder to portray her as soft on defense, she authorized President Bush to use force in Iraq and handed Mr. Obama a political cudgel to use against her.
Word: cudgel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“a knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“a stick with a rounded end”). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/ 1. To strike with a cudgel. Example: The officer was violently cudgeled down in the midst of the rioters. Example: I would cudgel him like a dog if he would say so. 2. To exercise (one's wits or brains) in an effort to force a memory or solution; to rack (one's mind). Example: “Most remarkable,” murmured Tarzan, cudgeling his brain for some pretext upon which to turn the subject.
Word: Swift Current Part of Speech: name Etymology: In Saskatchewan, apparently named after Swift Current Creek. 1. A city in Saskatchewan, Canada. 2. A rural municipality surrounding the city in south-west Saskatchewan; in full, the Rural Municipality of Swift Current No. 137. 3. A community and designated place in eastern Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Word: topmast Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From top + mast. Pronunciation: /ˈtɒpmɑːst/, /ˈtɒpməst/, /ˈtɑpmæst/, /ˈtɑpməst/ 1. The highest mast in a fore-and-aft-rigged ship. 2. The mast below the topgallant mast in a square-rigged ship.
Word: limitrophe Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French limitrophe, from Latin limitrophus. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪmɪtɹəʊf/ 1. Border, frontier; being or existing along a border or frontier. Example: As was stipulated in the Firman of 1249, Servia shall be bound to send back home all emigrants from the limitrophe provinces, and, with the exception of the fortresses which exist in Servia ab antiquo, all fortifications subsequently erected […] Example: The total westward movement of ground water into Mexicali Valley adjacent to the limitrophe section, thus, was about 36,000 acre-feet in 1960. The data on which the foregoing estimate is based are very meager.
Word: limitrophe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French limitrophe, from Latin limitrophus. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪmɪtɹəʊf/ 1. A border state or area. Example: For quotations using this term, see Citations:limitrophe.
Word: torsade Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree French tors Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Latin -atader. Occitan -adader. French -ade French torsadebor. English torsade Borrowed from French torsade. 1. A decoration, especially on hats, made from twisted ribbon Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Harper's Magazine the crown decked with torsades of pearls 2. torsade de pointes Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Magnesium infusions for atrial fibrillation & torsade
Word: sidestroke Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From side + stroke. 1. A swimming stroke swum on the swimmer's side.
Word: sidestroke Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From side + stroke. 1. To swim sidestroke
Word: tremulous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin tremulus, from tremō (“to tremble, shake”) + -ulus. Doublet of tremor and tremble. By surface analysis, tremulate + -ous. Pronunciation: /ˈtɹɛmjʊləs/, /ˈtɹɛmjuləs/, /ˈtɹɛmjələs/ 1. Trembling, quivering, or shaking. Example: Tremulous on the bladed graſs ſhone bright the pearly drops, like an aſſembly of ſparkling ſtars dancing on the plains of the zodiac; vocal was every bending ſpray, every reed was inſpired, each warbling throat ſeemed to emulate the melodious voice of the bird of a thouſand ſongs. Example: From the high tree the blossom wavering fell, / And over them the tremulous isles of light / Slided, they moving under shade: […] 2. Timid, hesitant; lacking confidence. Example: In the mean time I worked on, and my labour was already considerably advanced. I looked towards its completion with a tremulous and eager hope, which I dared not trust myself to question, but which was intermixed with obscure forebodings of evil, that made my heart sicken in my bosom. Example: “You have lived here long?” Felix asked, with tremulous interest, as he took a seat on the bench under the big tree, towards which his new host politely motioned him.
Word: doggy style Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Adverbial phrase composed of the elements doggy (a "dog") and style ("a particular manner of doing something"). From the resemblance to the manner in which dogs mate. Pronunciation: /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ 1. In a position whereby one partner is on all fours and the other partner is penetrating from behind. Labels: not-comparable, slang Example: […]chimpanzees, gorillas, and monkeys usually copulate face to face though on occasion will perform that act "doggy" style. Example: And then we'll do it doggy style so we can both watch "X-Files"
Word: doggy style Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Adverbial phrase composed of the elements doggy (a "dog") and style ("a particular manner of doing something"). From the resemblance to the manner in which dogs mate. Pronunciation: /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ 1. The position assumed for doggy style intercourse. Labels: slang, uncountable
Word: doggy style Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Adverbial phrase composed of the elements doggy (a "dog") and style ("a particular manner of doing something"). From the resemblance to the manner in which dogs mate. Pronunciation: /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/, /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ 1. With one partner on all fours and the other penetrating from behind. Labels: not-comparable, slang Example: Doggy style sex can provide better stimulation for the receiving partner than the missionary position.
Word: note to self Part of Speech: noun 1. A reminder to oneself to do something important. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Note to self: Back up files more frequently. Example: Another friend […] gathered a group to go to […] a no-frills comfort food restaurant, with a vast menu of classics sold at extraordinarily low prices: the only item in the 11-page menu over 1,000 forints was a bottle of sparkling wine, a reasonable 1,190 forints for 0.7 liters. (Note to self: if ever in Budapest on New Year’s ...)
Word: collecting Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From collect + -ing. Pronunciation: /kəˈlɛktɪŋ/ 1. A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The task of data gathering is not a random walk, a sensual search, or the bemused collectings of a beachcomber.
Word: collecting Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From collect + -ing. Pronunciation: /kəˈlɛktɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of collect Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: collected Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From collect + -ed. Pronunciation: /kəˈlɛktɪd/ 1. Gathered together. Labels: not-comparable Example: the collected works of Charles Dickens 2. Cool‐headed, emotionally stable, in focus. Example: He stayed collected throughout the ordeal. Example: In an instant Francesca would become perfectly collected—every past event would stand out singularly clear, and she would turn, take one look at Guido, and then breathe again.
Word: collected Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From collect + -ed. Pronunciation: /kəˈlɛktɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of collect Labels: form-of, participle, past Example: Firstly, I continue to base most species treatments on personally collected material, rather than on herbarium plants.
Word: items Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈaɪ.təmz/, [ˈaɪ̯.ɾəmz], [ˈaɪ̯.ɾm̩z], /ˈɑe.təmz/, [ˈɑe̯.ɾəmz] 1. plural of item Labels: form-of, plural
Word: items Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈaɪ.təmz/, [ˈaɪ̯.ɾəmz], [ˈaɪ̯.ɾm̩z], /ˈɑe.təmz/, [ˈɑe̯.ɾəmz] 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of item Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: dawned Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of dawn Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: accumulates Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of accumulate Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: amasses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of amass Labels: form-of, plural
Word: amasses Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of amass Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Example: He amasses his wealth in secret.
Word: stamps Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /stæmps/ 1. plural of stamp Labels: form-of, plural
Word: stamps Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /stæmps/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of stamp Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: amassing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of amass Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: stamping Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈstæmpɪŋ/, /ˈstɛəmpɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of stamp Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: stamping Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈstæmpɪŋ/, /ˈstɛəmpɪŋ/ 1. The sound or action of one who stamps. Example: But that night there were stampings, boots against the thick wall of darkness And when they were gone I heard the wailing of women, wives and mothers […] 2. A method of manufacturing using dies and extreme pressure. 3. A part made by such a method.
Word: amassed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of amass Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: amassed Part of Speech: adj 1. Having been gathered or assembled in a large group. Labels: not-comparable
Word: stamped Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /stæmpt/ 1. simple past and past participle of stamp Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: adhesives Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of adhesive Labels: form-of, plural
Word: conceited Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti Proto-Italic *kapjō Old Latin kapiō Latin capiō ▲ Ancient Greek σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω (sŭllămbắnō)calq. Latin concipiō Old French concevoirbor. Middle English conceyven Middle English conceyte English conceit Old English -ed Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz Old English -od Middle English -ed English -ed English conceited From conceit + -ed. 1. Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain. Example: If you think me too conceited / Or to passion quickly heated. Example: Conceited of their own wit, and science, and politeness. 2. Having an ingenious expression or metaphorical idea, especially in extended form or used as a literary or rhetorical device. Labels: rhetoric Example: Conceited wit showed its character towards the end of the fifteenth century in the work of poets who made it their aim to exercise their hearers' minds with cleaver plays of metaphor and ingenious reasoning. 3. Endowed with fancy or imagination. Labels: obsolete Example: AN EXCELLENT conceited Tragedie OF Romeo and Iuliet. As it hath been often (with great applause) plaid publiquely Example: He was […] pleasantly conceited, and sharp of wit. 4. Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful. Labels: obsolete Example: A conceited chair to sleep in.
Word: conceited Part of Speech: verb Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. 1. simple past and past participle of conceit Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: May Day Part of Speech: noun 1. The first day of May, a festival celebrating the beginning of the spring season; originally, and still among neopagans, a fertility celebration. 2. Labour Day, the first day of May, a worldwide workers' holiday.
Word: snaps Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of snap Labels: form-of, plural
Word: snaps Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of snap Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: spans Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of span Labels: form-of, plural
Word: spans Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of span Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: Zuber Part of Speech: name Etymology: From German Zuber or Polish Żuber. 1. A surname from German.
Word: wreckless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From wreck + -less. 1. Without causing or suffering a wreck. Example: Hence to where our all-hallowed ark uprears / Its safe and wreckless sides.
Word: wreckless Part of Speech: adj 1. Misspelling of reckless. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: pets Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /pɛts/ 1. plural of pet Labels: form-of, plural
Word: pets Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /pɛts/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of pet Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: fundaments Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fundament Labels: form-of, plural