nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: bicep Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from biceps. In Latin, biceps is singular. Pronunciation: /ˈbaɪsɛp/ 1. A biceps. Labels: proscribed, sometimes Example: My bicep, my poor little cluster of nearly muscle is being pressed into a funsize turkey nugget and I’m starting to perhaps regret my outing with this bunch of Brentford fans who have that slightly edgier reputation.
Word: tricep Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from triceps. In Latin, triceps is both singular and plural. 1. A triceps. Labels: nonstandard Example: An example would be cable curls supersetted with tricep pushdowns, or leg extensions supersetted with leg curls.
Word: valid Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *walēō Latin valeō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin validusder. Middle French validebor. English valid Borrowed from Middle French valide (“healthy, sound, in good order”), from Latin validus, from valeō (“to be strong, to be healthy, to be worth”) + -idus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”). Pronunciation: /ˈvælɪd/, /ˈvæ.lɪd/, /ˈveɪ.lɪd/ 1. Well-grounded or justifiable, pertinent. Example: I will believe him as soon as he offers a valid answer. Example: Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. But is the tragic history of efforts to define groups of people by race really a matter of the misuse of science, the abuse of a valid biological concept? 2. Acceptable, proper or correct; in accordance with the rules. Example: A valid format for the date is DD/MM/YY. Example: Do not drive without a valid license. 3. Related to the current topic, or presented within context, relevant. 4. Of a formula or system: such that it evaluates to true regardless of the input values. 5. Of an argument: whose conclusion is always true whenever its premises are true. Example: An argument is valid if and only if the set consisting of both (1) all of its premises and (2) the contradictory of its conclusion is inconsistent. 6. Genuine - as distinguished from efficient or regular - sacrament.
Word: all together Part of Speech: adv 1. As a group. Labels: not-comparable Example: If you put these advantages all together, the offer is attractive. 2. In the same place. Labels: not-comparable Example: We got the family all together to celebrate grandma’s birthday. 3. All at the same time. Labels: not-comparable Example: She and her companions rose up and sung all together.
Word: all together Part of Speech: intj 1. Calling for other people to say something together. Example: All together! Say it: "Long live our country!"
Word: esprise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French espris, past participle of esprendre. 1. to inflame with passion or romantic love. Labels: obsolete
Word: lovertine Part of Speech: noun 1. Someone addicted to lovemaking (courtship). Labels: obsolete
Word: virilia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin. 1. The male sexual organs. Labels: obsolete, plural, plural-only
Word: manhood Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English manhode, also manhede (> obsolete English manhead), equivalent to man + -hood. Cognate with Middle Dutch manheit (“manhood”), Middle Low German manheit (whence German Low German Mannheit (“manhood”)), German Mannheit (“manhood”). Pronunciation: /ˈmænhʊd/ 1. The state or condition of being a human being. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He feared the speedy decline of all manhood. Example: Thou seemest human and divine, ⁠The highest, holiest manhood, thou. 2. The state or condition of being a man, as contrasted with being a boy, woman, girl, or nonbinary. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He was a strapping youth poised on the brink of manhood. Example: Feel awfully about Scott... It was a terrible thing for him to love youth so much that he jumped straight from youth to senility without going through manhood. The minute he felt youth going he was frightened again and thought there was nothing between youth and age. 3. All of the men of a given place, area, or any human subgroup (ethnicity, nation, race, religion, family, work crew or ship's crew, etc.) regarded collectively. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: (exclusively and universally: only synonymous in cases for which women are excluded, and when the meaning of manhood is universal or worldwide) Example: During the Second World War, Russia lost a great percentage of its young manhood, giving rise to a great wave of widowhood in the country. 4. The idealized nature of a man: all of the characteristics traditionally and ideally ascribed to manliness regarded collectively. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: My goodness, James certainly is a prime example of manhood, isn't he? Example: Traditionally, men sought to enhance the manhood of their young sons, so that they would become manly men, but in general, men no longer do so. 5. The self-concept of a man being with respect to his possession of the various qualities traditionally and ideally ascribed to manliness; a man's sense or view of himself as being more or less manly. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The failure of William's business seems to have been quite damaging to his manhood. Example: I feel that when you boss me around, you insult my manhood. 6. The male genitalia, especially the penis. Labels: countable, euphemistic, uncountable Example: She spied on him in the shower and glimpsed his manhood. Example: In the course of a journey the Rabbis [...] came across a young man who had been robbed of his manhood and made a eunuch by a certain witch.
Word: dichotomous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Late Latin dichotomos, from Ancient Greek διχότομος (dikhótomos, “cut in half”). By surface analysis, dichotomy + -ous. Pronunciation: /daɪˈkɒt.ə.məs/, /daɪˈkɑ.tə.məs/, [daɪˈkɑ.ɾə.məs], [daɪˈkɒɾ.ə.məs], /dɑeˈkɔt.ə.məs/ 1. Dividing or branching into two mutually exclusive pieces. Labels: not-comparable Example: Genus Riccia L. Plants are thalloid, forming rosettes or loose, dichotomous patches. Example: The second half of the book switches to the increasingly dark story of how, from the 17th century onwards, European thinkers and politicians constructed a more and more dichotomous worldview.
Word: troop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Attested in English since 1545, from French troupe, from Back-formation from troupeau, from Middle French trope, troupe, from Old French trope, trupe, of unknown origin. Compare Early Medieval Latin troppus. Doublet of troupe, and possibly also of thorp, dorp, and trip. Cognate with German Dorf (“village”). Pronunciation: /tɹuːp/, /tɹʉwp/, /tɹup/, /tɹʉːp/, /tɾʉp/ 1. A collection of people; a number; a multitude (in general). Labels: collective Example: That which should accompany old age — / As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends — / I must not look to have. 2. A small unit of cavalry or armour commanded by a captain, corresponding to a platoon or company of infantry. 3. A detachment of soldiers or police, especially horse artillery, armour, or state troopers. 4. A group of soldiers; military forces. Labels: in-plural Example: Ah, knovv you not the Citie fauours them, / And they haue troupes of Souldiers at their beck? Example: Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. 5. An individual soldier or member of a military force; a trooper. Labels: nonstandard Example: One American M48 was slightly grazed and one American troop lightly wounded. Example: Although the mission failed, at least 5 ISIL militants were killed, however 1 American troop was wounded. According to the reports, Jordan had a role in the operation and that one Jordanian soldier had been wounded as well. 6. A company of actors; a troupe. Labels: nonstandard Example: In order to form the new troop to a greater degree of perfection, the four principal actors were placed in the seminary of the cadets 7. A chapter of a national girl or boy scouts organization, consisting of one or more patrols of 6 to 8 youngsters each. Example: Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell (1920), Aids To Scoutmastership, page 6: “It is the Patrol System that makes the Troop, and all Scouting for that matter, a real co-operative effort.” 8. A group of monkeys. Labels: collective 9. A group of meerkat families living together. 10. A particular roll of the drum; a quick march. 11. A group of mushrooms that are close but not close enough to be called a cluster.
Word: troop Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Attested in English since 1545, from French troupe, from Back-formation from troupeau, from Middle French trope, troupe, from Old French trope, trupe, of unknown origin. Compare Early Medieval Latin troppus. Doublet of troupe, and possibly also of thorp, dorp, and trip. Cognate with German Dorf (“village”). Pronunciation: /tɹuːp/, /tɹʉwp/, /tɹup/, /tɹʉːp/, /tɾʉp/ 1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. Example: Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer. 2. To march on; to go forward in haste. 3. To move or march as if in a crowd. Example: The children trooped into the room.
Word: surrender Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English surrendren, from Old French surrendre, from sur- + rendre (“render”). Displaced native Old English on hand gān. Pronunciation: /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/, /səˈɹɛndɚ/ 1. To give up into the power, control, or possession of another. Labels: transitive 2. To yield (a town, a fortification, etc.) to an enemy. Labels: broadly, transitive 3. To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in. Labels: intransitive, reflexive Example: Don't shoot! I surrender! 4. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign. Labels: transitive Example: to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage 5. To yield (oneself) to an influence, emotion, passion, etc. Labels: reflexive Example: to surrender oneself to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep 6. To abandon (one's hand of cards) and recover half of the initial bet. Labels: ambitransitive 7. For a policyholder, to voluntarily terminate an insurance contract before the end of its term, usually with the expectation of receiving a surrender value. Labels: transitive
Word: surrender Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English surrendre, from Anglo-Norman surrendre, infinitive as noun. Displaced native Old English handgang. Pronunciation: /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/, /səˈɹɛndɚ/ 1. An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; a feeling of abandonment and resignation; the deliberate cessation of struggle over outcomes. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The yielding or delivery of a possession in response to a demand. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The yielding of the leasehold estate by the lessee to the landlord, so that the tenancy for years merges in the reversion and no longer exists. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: dasein Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Dasein (“there-to be”), from da (“there”) + sein (“to be”). Pronunciation: /dɑː.zʌɪn/, /dɑ.zaɪn/ 1. Being; especially the nature of being; existence, presence, hereness, suchness, essence Labels: uncountable Example: Hereness (Dasein) might be perhaps be called more expediently, Now-Being (Jetztsein), ...
Word: philosophy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English philosophie, Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). By surface analysis, philo- + -sophy. Displaced Old English ūþwitegung. Pronunciation: /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/, /fɪˈlɑ.sə.fi/ 1. An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality. Labels: uncountable Example: Philosophy is often divided into five major branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and aesthetics. Example: During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…] 2. A view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain. Labels: countable Example: a philosophy of government; a philosophy of education 3. A general principle (usually moral). Labels: countable Example: As a matter of fact the Enlightment culture was based on a philosophy inspired to an ethical laicism whose aim was to create a better society based on principles such as solidarity, equality of rights and duties, and full freedom. 4. A comprehensive system of belief. Labels: countable 5. The love of wisdom. Labels: archaic, uncountable 6. A calm and thoughtful demeanor; calmness of temper. Labels: dated, uncountable 7. Synonym of small pica (especially in French printing). Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: Although I prefer small pica. Or as its^([sic]) sometimes known, philosophy. – Small pica, or philosophy, she said. It sounds like the title of a novel. With a girl heroine. 8. A broader branch of (non-applied) science. Labels: archaic, countable Example: natural philosophy
Word: philosophy Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English philosophie, Old French philosophie, and their source, Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía), from φίλος (phílos, “loving”) + σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”). By surface analysis, philo- + -sophy. Displaced Old English ūþwitegung. Pronunciation: /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/, /fɪˈlɑ.sə.fi/ 1. To philosophize. Labels: archaic Example: Plato hath (in my seeming) loved this manner of Philosophying, Dialogue wise in good earnest, that therby he might more decently place in sundry mouthes the diversity and variation of his owne conceits.
Word: advantageous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From advantage + -ous or from Middle French avantageus (French avantageux). See advantage. Pronunciation: /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/, /əɖˈvɑɳʈedʒjəs/ 1. Being of advantage, beneficial. Example: Jim took up an advantageous position and shepherded them out in a bunch through the doorway: [...]
Word: aleatory Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin āleātōrius, from āleātor (“dice-player”), from ālea (“a die”). Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/, /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/, /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/, /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/ 1. Depending on the throw of a die; random, arising by chance. Labels: not-comparable Example: Soon the snow will close on us; we are here some twenty miles - twenty-seven, they say, but this I profoundly disbelieve - in the woods; communication by letter is slow and (let me be consistent) aleatory; by telegram is as near as may be impossible. Example: Malicious Fate, too, they felt, would even crown with the grand prix the number they would have chosen. But for the prospective draw for the wig—which reintroduced the aleatory—life would scarcely have been bearable. 2. Produced with an element of chance (aleatoricism). Labels: not-comparable
Word: algid Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin algeō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin algidusbor. English algid Borrowed from Latin algidus (“cold”). Pronunciation: /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪd/ 1. Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera. Example: algid malaria Example: 1875 March 15, J. C. Morgan, More on Typho-Malarial Fever, United States Medical Investigator, New Series, Volume 1, No. 6, page 261, […] with cold sweat, blueness, stupidity, no heat, no sort of reaction or remission, intense venous congestion in divers organs, getting steadily worse and worse, more and more algid, wet, and stupid, with death in thirty-six hours.
Word: alienable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English alien Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English alienable From alien + -able. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪljənəbəl/ 1. Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another Example: Land is alienable according to the laws of the state.
Word: altruism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos Proto-Italic *aljos Proto-Indo-European *-teros Proto-Italic *-teros Proto-Italic *aliteros Latin alterī Vulgar Latin *alterui Old French autrui French autrui Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ῐσμός (-ĭsmós)der. Latin -ismusbor. French -isme French altruismebor. English altruism From French altruisme, which was coined in 1830 by Auguste Comte from autrui (“of or to others”) + -isme, from Old French, from Latin alteri, dative of alter (“other”) (whence also English alter). Apparently inspired by the French Latin legal phrase l'autrui, from le bien, le droit d'autrui (“the good, the right of the other”). Introduced into English by George Henry Lewes in 1853, in his translation Comte’s Philosophy of the Sciences, 1, xxi. Pronunciation: /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/ 1. Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog. Example: Altruism allows doing for others as one would be done by. Unlike reaction formation, which also gives to the object what the self desires, altruism leaves the self at least partly gratified. Unlike reaction formation, altruism tempers asceticism with pleasure. Unlike passive aggression and martyrdom, altruism allows the object to feel blessed and not afflicted. Altruism attracts people to the user; martyrdom repels them even as it holds them close in chains. 2. Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Altruism is a behaviour of an individual that benefits another at its own expense.[…]She decided to investigate what motivates ants to undertake these dangerous missions, where they risk getting trapped themselves or, worse, eaten by predatory antlion larvae, which dig pits and lurk, semi-concealed, at the bottom with their jaws wide open. Such apparently selfless rescue behaviour is seen by many as one of the purest forms of altruism.[…]Being nice to relatives is not pure altruism because they share your genes so, by helping them, you promote your own genetic heritage.
Word: anathema Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- Proto-Hellenic *aná Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ) Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-) Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi) Ancient Greek ἀνᾰτίθημῐ (anătíthēmĭ) Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă) Ancient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema)bor. Late Latin anathemabor. English anathema Borrowed from Late Latin anathema (“curse, person cursed, offering”), itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνάθεμα (anáthema, “something dedicated, especially dedicated to eternal damnation”), from ἀνατίθημι (anatíthēmi, “to set upon, offer as a votive gift”), from ἀνά (aná, “upon”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”). The Ancient Greek term was influenced by Hebrew חרם (herem), leading to the sense of "accursed," especially in Ecclesiastical writers. Pronunciation: /əˈnæθəmə/ 1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. Labels: historical 2. Something which is vehemently disliked by somebody. Labels: broadly Example: Even three years ago, the thought of spending two hours, let alone a whole day, without my mobile would have been anathema. Example: The actor, who prizes mystery, hated being gossip fodder. “That was anathema to him,” said his sister Martha Fiennes, a filmmaker, “and he just hated the curiosity into his life.” 3. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction. Labels: literary Example: I trembled at his ringing wealth Of manifold anathemas […] Example: That was a curse from which no flight was possible: the anathema of a man who had once known holiness. 4. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority to unending punishment. Example: If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha. Example: Ἆνάθεμα, accurẛed, חרם, which the Septuagint renders Anathema, ẛignifies Perẛons or Things devoted to Deẛtruction and Extermination. The Jewiẛh Nation were now an Anathema, deẛtin'd to Deẛtruction. St. Paul to expreẛs his Affection to them, ẛays, he could wiẛh to ẛave them from it, to become an Anathema and be deẛtroy'd himẛelf.
Word: antinomian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”). Pronunciation: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/, /æntaɪˈnoʊmi.ən/ 1. One who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism. Labels: Judaism Example: "He was called by many persons an antinomian, though his life was exemplary."
Word: antinomian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”). Pronunciation: /æntiˈnoʊmi.ən/, /æntaɪˈnoʊmi.ən/ 1. Of or pertaining to antinomianism. 2. Rejecting higher moral or legal authority. Example: We might turn our average into a rule (not a law, since war was antinomian) and develop a habit of never engaging the enemy. Example: England was full of half-baked antinomian opinions. Pacifism, internationalism, humanitarianism of all kinds, feminism, free love, divorce-reform, atheism, birth-control—things like these were getting a better hearing than they would get in normal times.
Word: antithetical Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin antitheticus + -al. Pronunciation: /ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl/ 1. Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted. Example: His wrong-headed beliefs are antithetical to everything we stand for as a community. Example: This is precisely why insistence on relative truth is antithetical to critical thinking.
Word: appease Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English apesen, from Old French apeser (“to pacify, bring to peace”). Pronunciation: /əˈpiːz/ 1. To make quiet; to calm; to reduce (something) to a state of peace; to dispel (anger, hatred, etc.). Example: to appease the tumult of the ocean Example: 'First, a little refreshment to reward my exertions. You may as well be quiet. It is not the first time, or the second, that your veins have appeased my thirst!' 2. To make conciliatory offerings or concessions to (someone) in an attempt to dispel their anger, aggression, etc.; to adapt to the demands of; to come to terms with. Example: They appeased the angry gods with burnt offerings. Example: Former Australian prime minister Tony Abbott has suggested climate change is “probably doing good” in a speech in London in which he likened policies to combat it to “primitive people once killing goats to appease the volcano gods” .
Word: apperception Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French aperception (New Latin apperceptiō, used by Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716)). Pronunciation: /ˌæpəˈsɛpʃən/, /ˌæpɚˈsɛpʃən/ 1. The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself. Labels: especially, uncountable 2. Psychological or mental perception; recognition. Labels: uncountable Example: Conception is... the simplest act of thinking; it is the apprehension of the universal, as perception is the apperception of the particular. Example: For as she smiled I was gifted a glimpse past the apperception of an anonymous spherical quantity of human flesh; and into the individual. 3. The general process or a particular act of mental assimilation of new experience into the totality of one's past experience. Labels: countable
Word: appraise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English apreisen, from Old French aprisier (“apraise, set a price on”) (compare modern French apprécier), from Late Latin appretiare, from ad- + Latin pretium (“price, value”) (English precious), from which also appreciate, a doublet. Pronunciation: /əˈpɹeɪz/ 1. To determine the value or worth of (something), particularly as a person appointed for this purpose. Labels: transitive Example: to appraise goods and chattels 2. To consider comprehensively. Labels: transitive 3. To judge the performance of someone, especially a worker. Labels: transitive Example: At the end of the contract, you will be appraised by your line manager. 4. To estimate; to conjecture. Labels: transitive 5. To praise; to commend. Labels: transitive
Word: appraise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Form of apprise in use since 1706 but considered incorrect by some. Pronunciation: /əˈpɹeɪz/ 1. To apprise, inform. Labels: proscribed, transitive
Word: arbiter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/, /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɚ/, [ˈɑɹ.bɪ.ɾɚ], /ˈaː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/ 1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator. Example: In order to protect individual liberty there must be an arbiter between the governing powers and the governed. 2. A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. Labels: with-of Example: Television and film, not Vogue and similar magazines, are the arbiters of fashion. Example: The grapholect of Standard English is not the exclusive system that arbiters of cultural purity wish to 'correct' us into believing 3. A component in circuitry that allocates scarce resources. 4. The person who oversees a chess match and ensures the rules are followed. Example: The arbiter shall use his best judgement when determining the times to be shown on the replacement chess clock.
Word: arbiter Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/, /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɚ/, [ˈɑɹ.bɪ.ɾɚ], /ˈaː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/ 1. To act as an arbiter. Labels: transitive Example: Worse, since there was no institution to arbiter disagreements between Parliament and the government, whenever Parliament voted against the government on the smallest issues, coalitions fragmented, and governments had to be recomposed.
Word: areal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin āreālis; by surface analysis, area + -al. Cognate with English areolar. False cognates include English arena, adrenal, anear. Pronunciation: /ˈɛɹiəl/, /ˈɛəɹɪəl/, /ˈɛəɹiəl/ 1. Of or pertaining to an area. Labels: not-comparable Example: areal flood warning Example: areal interstices
Word: arrogance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English arrogaunce, from Middle French arrogance, from Latin arrogantia. Pronunciation: /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/, /ˈɛɹ.ə.ɡəns/ 1. The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: artful Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From art (“skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation”) + -ful (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, with the sense of being full of, tending to, or thoroughly possessing the quality expressed by the noun). Pronunciation: /ˈɑːtf(ʊ)l/, /ˈɑɹtf(ə)l/ 1. Characterized by, or performed with, cleverness or contrivance; clever, ingenious. Example: The nights ſtrange proſpects, made to feede the eyes; / With Artfull fyres, mounted in the skies: / Graced with horred claps of ſulphury thunders; / May make your mind, Iehouahs greater wonders. Example: The doctrine that we can discover facts, detect the hidden processes of nature, by an artful manipulation of language, is so contrary to common sense, that a person must have made some advances in philosophy to believe it; […] 2. Not naturally produced; artificial; imitative. Example: Some of this Artfull coulour now I want, / VVhich from the Muſes I deſire to borrow, / In Melancholly Priam to diſpaint / The perfect Image and true face of Sorrow, […] Example: But oh! vvith Noon-day Heats oppreſs'd, / My aking Temples call for Reſt! / In yon cool Grotto's artful Night / Refreſhing Slumbers I'll invite, […] 3. Exhibiting or using much art or skill; dexterous; skilful. Example: [W]e, in changed ſhapes, act Ovid's tales, / […] / Then vvill I haue thee in more moderne formes, / Attired like ſome ſprightly dame of France, / Braue Tuſcan lady, or proud Spaniſh beauty; / Sometimes, vnto the Perſian Sophies vvife; / Or the grand-Signiors miſtreſſe; and, for change, / To one of our moſt art-full courtizans, […] Example: VVhat ſtrength of arm, or Art-full ſtratagem, / From Nile’s fell Rover could deliver them, / VVho runs, and rovves, vvarring by Land and VVater / 'Gainſt Men and Fiſhes, ſubiect to his ſlaughter? 4. Skilful at using dishonest or unfair means to achieve a purpose; crafty, cunning. Labels: especially Example: Here, again, were shadows on the window-blind of guests assembling; and there a group of handsome girls, all hooded and fur-booted, and all chattering at once, tripped lightly off to some near neighbour's house; where, wo upon the single man who saw them enter—artful witches: well they knew it—in a glow! Example: "Now, this is a very artful dog," said Mr. Boffin, with a deep look. "This is a longer-headed schemer than I thought him.["] 5. Knowledgeable about the liberal arts; learned, wise. Labels: obsolete
Word: asexual Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- Proto-Indo-European *sek-der. Proto-Indo-European *séks-u-sder. Proto-Italic *seksus Proto-Indo-European *sek-der. Proto-Italic *sekaō Latin secō Latin secāre? Latin sexus Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin sexuālisbor. English sexual English -sexual English asexual From a- (“lacking, without”) + -sexual. Pronunciation: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃuː.əl/, /eɪˈsɛk.sjuː.əl/, /eɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ 1. Nonsexual in nature, unmarked by sexual activity. Labels: not-comparable Example: The central paradox of Linton's writing was her inability, or unwillingness, to imagine an asexual friendship between women. 2. Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex. Labels: especially, not-comparable Example: Many asexual people experience attraction, but feel no need to act out that attraction sexually. Because they don't see a lack of sexual arousal as a problem to be corrected, asexual people focus their energy on enjoying other types of arousal and pleasure. Example: Benoit is determined to ensure other asexual (or “ace”) people don’t feel broken or alone in a world in which lust and desire pulsate through our entire culture. 3. Lacking distinct sex, lacking sexual organs. Labels: not-comparable 4. Without sexual action; reproducing by some other method than sex. Labels: not-comparable Example: asexual reproduction Example: They traced the ancient lineages of two species to reveal the insects' lengthy history of asexual reproduction.
Word: asexual Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- Proto-Indo-European *sek-der. Proto-Indo-European *séks-u-sder. Proto-Italic *seksus Proto-Indo-European *sek-der. Proto-Italic *sekaō Latin secō Latin secāre? Latin sexus Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālis Latin sexuālisbor. English sexual English -sexual English asexual From a- (“lacking, without”) + -sexual. Pronunciation: /eɪˈsɛk.ʃuː.əl/, /eɪˈsɛk.sjuː.əl/, /eɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ 1. A species which reproduces by asexual rather than sexual reproduction, or a member of such a species. Example: 11.2 Demonstrating the Status of Long-Lived Asexuals … Indeed, if sex has so many advantages, then which special adaptations - if any - allow long-term survival without it? However, the main task of the research teams dealing with such putative ancient asexuals has thus far been to demonstrate that their respective groups (mainly bdelloids, darwinulids and certain lineages within orbatid mites) indeed merit the status. 2. A person who does not experience sexual attraction; a person who lacks interest in or desire for sex. 3. Something which does not have a sex, or a word which refers to such a thing. Labels: rare Example: […] The masculine forms are used to a considerable extent in congruence with etymologically masculine nouns; also with etymologically feminine asexuals; e.g. se stefn L 9, 36; [...] The neuter forms are used with etymologically neuter nouns; with etymologically masculine asexuals; e.g. þ cyrtil L 6, 29; J 19, 23; þ penning L 20, 24; bēam (Lindelof p. 9) ; stān (Lindelof p. 11); and with etymologically feminine asexuals; e.g. [...]
Word: assault Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English assaut, from Old French noun assaut, derived from the past participle of the verb assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assail. Spelling Latinized around 1530 to add an l. Pronunciation: /əˈsɒlt/, /əˈsɔːlt/, /əˈsɔlt/, /əˈsɑlt/, /əˈsʌlt/ 1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, for example blows, weapons, etc. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The army made an assault on the enemy. Example: The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault. 2. A violent verbal attack, for example with insults, criticism, and the like Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She launched a written assault on the opposition party. 3. An attempt to commit battery: a violent attempt, or willful effort with force or violence, to do hurt to another, but without necessarily touching the person, such as by raising a fist in a threatening manner, or by striking at the person and missing. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The crime whose action is such an attempt. Labels: countable, singular, singular-only, uncountable 5. An act that causes someone to apprehend imminent bodily harm (such as brandishing a weapon). Labels: countable, uncountable 6. The tort whose action is such an act. Labels: countable, singular, singular-only, uncountable 7. A non-competitive combat between two fencers. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: assault Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English assaut, from Old French noun assaut, derived from the past participle of the verb assalir, from Late Latin assalīre, from Latin ad (“at, towards”) + salīre (“jump”). See also assail. Spelling Latinized around 1530 to add an l. Pronunciation: /əˈsɒlt/, /əˈsɔːlt/, /əˈsɔlt/, /əˈsɑlt/, /əˈsʌlt/ 1. To attack, physically or figuratively; to assail. Labels: transitive Example: Tom was accused of assaulting another man outside a nightclub. Example: Loud music assaulted our ears as we entered the building. 2. To threaten or harass. Labels: transitive
Word: assert Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin assertus, perfect passive participle of asserō (“declare someone free or a slave by laying hands upon him; hence free from, protect, defend; lay claim to, assert, declare”), from ad (“to”) + serō (“join, range in a row”). Pronunciation: /əˈsɜːt/, /əˈsɝt/ 1. To declare with assurance or plainly and strongly; to state positively. Example: Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know. Example: He would often assert that there was life on other planets. 2. To use or exercise and thereby prove the existence of. Example: to assert one's authority Example: Salman Rushdie has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work. 3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to. Example: to assert our rights and liberties 4. To insist on the legitimacy of one's rights, opinion, etc; not to allow oneself to be dismissed; to ensure that one is taken into consideration; to make oneself respected; to be assertive. See assert oneself. Labels: reflexive Example: Since going to therapy, I've found it much easier to assert myself. 5. To declare that a condition or expression must be true at a certain point in the source code (in some cases causing the program to fail if it is not, as a safeguard). 6. To set a signal on a line using a voltage or electric current.
Word: assert Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin assertus, perfect passive participle of asserō (“declare someone free or a slave by laying hands upon him; hence free from, protect, defend; lay claim to, assert, declare”), from ad (“to”) + serō (“join, range in a row”). Pronunciation: /əˈsɜːt/, /əˈsɝt/ 1. Synonym of assertion.
Word: assertion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English assercioun, from Latin assertiō. By surface analysis, assert + -ion. Pronunciation: /əˈsɜːʃən/, /əˈsɜɹʃən/, [əˈsɝʃn̩] 1. The act of asserting; positive declaration or averment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: "Do tell us the real name of your country, and then when you are gone we shall know how to talk about you." To this luminous argument and remonstrance I could oppose nothing but assertion, and the whole party remained firmly convinced that I was for some reason or other deceiving them. 2. Something which is asserted; a declaration; a statement asserted. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: You're a man of strong assertions! Example: Suppose you are given the semifactual assertion, "even if Nora had liked mathematics then she would have became^([sic]) a scientist" and then you find out that Nora did in fact become a scientist. 3. A statement or declaration which lacks support or evidence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: That's just a bare assertion. Example: Drivers' union ASLEF bluntly rebuffed the claim of unofficial action, calling it a lie. And Avanti West Coast was unable to provide any proof for its assertion, when questioned by RAIL. 4. Maintenance; vindication. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives 5. A statement in a program asserting a condition expected to be true at a particular point, used in debugging. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The user should be absolutely confident that the error issued is a real design error. In other words, a user should be confident that his assertion code is correct and that the assertion failure is not a false condition. 6. The set of information that the statement preparer is providing in a financial statement audit. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: assiege Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French asegier (“besiege”) (Modern French assiéger); equivalent to a- + siege. Pronunciation: /əˈsiːd͡ʒ/ 1. A siege. Labels: obsolete
Word: assiege Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French asegier (“besiege”) (Modern French assiéger); equivalent to a- + siege. Pronunciation: /əˈsiːd͡ʒ/ 1. To besiege. Labels: transitive Example: On th'other side, th'assieged Castles ward, Their stedfast stonds did mightily maintaine […]
Word: assumption Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English assumpcioun, from Medieval Latin assūmptiō (“a taking up (into heaven)”) and Latin assūmptiō (“a taking up, adoption, the minor proposition of a syllogism”) (whence -ion), from Latin assūmō (whence as- (“assimilated form of ad-”). See also assume. Doublet of assumptio. Pronunciation: /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ 1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: His assumption of secretarial duties was timely. 2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Their assumption of his guilt disqualified them from jury duty. 3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: No doubt a finite evaluative argument must make some unargued evaluative assumptions, just as finite factual arguments must make some unargued factual assumptions. 4. The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The taking of a person up into heaven. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Of vvhat texte thou proveſt hell / vvill a nother prove purgatory / a nother lymbo patrum / and a nother the aſſumpcion of oure ladi: And a nother ſhall prove of the ſame texte that an Ape hath a tayle. 6. A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on 15 August. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. Assumptio. Labels: countable, rhetoric, uncountable
Word: asthenic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From a- + sthenic. By surface analysis, a- (“not”) + sthen- (“strength”) + -ic (“adjective suffix”). 1. Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating.
Word: asthenic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From a- + sthenic. By surface analysis, a- (“not”) + sthen- (“strength”) + -ic (“adjective suffix”). 1. A person who has asthenia.
Word: asymmetry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀσυμμετρία (asummetría), from ἀσύμμετρος (asúmmetros) + -ία (-ía), from ἀ- (a-) + σύμμετρος (súmmetros); equivalent to a- + symmetry. Pronunciation: /eɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/, /æɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/ 1. An absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Despite the generally symmetrical appearance of the two hemispheres, however, a number of biological asymmetries have been documented during the last hundred years. Example: If the planet is on moderate eccentric orbit (0.01), it creates large-scale azimuthal assymetries which evolve at the orbital velocity of the corresponding resonance, for example at half time the planet velocity for the stronger resonance, the 2:1 one. 2. The lack of a common measure between two objects or quantities; incommensurability. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: avow Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English avowen, from Old French avouer, from Latin advocare (“to call to, call upon, hence to call as a witness, defender, patron, or advocate”), from ad (“to”) + vocare (“to call”). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and advocate. Not related to vow. Pronunciation: /əˈvaʊ/ 1. To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly. Labels: transitive Example: […] in 1786, and for some period later, there were few, if any, prominent Americans, who avowed themselves in favor of broadly democratic systems. 2. To bind or devote by a vow. Labels: transitive Example: No man may halewe and avowe the firste gendrid thingis that perteynen to the Lord, whether it is oxe, whether scheep, tho ben the Lordis part. 3. To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See avowry. Example: avow himself the accomplice of his crimes
Word: avow Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English avowen, from Old French avouer, from Latin advocare (“to call to, call upon, hence to call as a witness, defender, patron, or advocate”), from ad (“to”) + vocare (“to call”). Doublet of advoke, avouch, and advocate. Not related to vow. Pronunciation: /əˈvaʊ/ 1. avowal Labels: obsolete Example: without thy Knowledge and Avow
Word: backer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English back Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English backer From back + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈbækɚ/ 1. One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs an entrant in a contest, or who supports an enterprise by funding it.
Word: backer Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈbækɚ/ 1. comparative form of back: more back Labels: comparative, form-of Example: /eɪ/ This diphthong is a glide from mid front tongue position toward a higher, backer position similar to that of /ɪ/.
Word: backhanded Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From back + hand + -ed. Pronunciation: /ˈbækˌhændəd/ 1. With the back of the hand. Example: The trader roars like an animal whose paw has been caught in a trap, but he hauls back his other arm and lands a backhanded blow to the side of her head that knocks her sideways onto the babushki bench. 2. Involving a backward flip of the hand. Example: Some casters can do a cross-body or backhanded cast quite effectively. Example: With your palm facing down, your wrist snaps forward. This is the same type of motion used for the backhanded change-up. 3. Insincere, sarcastic, ironic, or self-contradictory. Example: But modesty here is out of the question, and is often the most beggarly and back-handed friend that merit can have in its pay. Example: Don't mistake this for even a backhanded compliment; that at least takes a wry sense of imagination. This is a patronizing compliment, which is worse than no compliment at all. 4. Indirect. Example: Only in grade 5 is he mentioned and in this backhanded way: "George Darwin, son of the famous English scientist, Charles Darwin." . . . But for what is Charles Darwin famous? You won't find it in the California elementary science textbooks. Example: ClickStart could be seen as a backhanded way of admitting that, to date, the Internet had done exceedingly well by white people as compared to black; 5. Backwards, turned around. Example: No one ever believed that Leif meant any harm, but all the luck he brought was backhanded. Example: ... it joins Clark fork twenty miles farther on, at the second apex of a sharp backhanded turn or zigzag by which this river shifts from one northwestward course to another... 6. inclining to the left Example: In this particular instance the writing begins backhanded, and there is a reversion to the right-handed type, -- an unconscious reversion, which makes me think that is the natural method of writing; 7. Retrospective, occurring after the fact rather than in advance. Example: ...but that is really a backhanded rent, because I have sold all the produce of my farm six months before I am called upon to pay the last six months' rent. Example: The Mutazilīs, in a counterpolemic, allege that the argument advanced by the Asharīs is implicitly a backhanded and retrospective way of imputing heresy to the early community of believers. 8. Self-serving, corrupt, slipshod, or neglectful. Example: Perhaps omitting Weber from footnotes is intended to avenge his backhanded treatment of the American Puritans (and by extension their academic champions), whom he virtually ignored—albeit with unhappy consequences for his own work. Example: His backhanded way of analyzing values means that there could be no systematic treatment of the functional consequences for behavior of specific ideas, values, and idea-value complexes.
Word: backhanded Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From back + hand + -ed. Pronunciation: /ˈbækˌhændəd/ 1. simple past and past participle of backhand Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: backhanded Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From back + hand + -ed. Pronunciation: /ˈbækˌhændəd/ 1. In a backhanded manner. Example: As the man crumpled forward, Snow took a further step with his right foot and brought the pole down backhanded with all his power into the right side of the man's head. Example: Then with her curved hand knife, she proceeded to clean the selected sprouts, flipping them backhanded into the top crate on her left when done.