nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: fother Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fother, fothir, from Old Norse fóðr (cognate to Old English fōdor), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (compare Dutch voer (“pasture, fodder”), German Futter (“feed”), Swedish foder). Doublet of fodder and foeder. More at food. Pronunciation: /ˈfɒðə/, /ˈfɑðɚ/ 1. A load, a wagonload, especially any various English units of weight or volume based upon standardized cartloads of certain commodities. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable Example: Four fother of clod lime, and fifteen fothers of good manure, on each acre. Example: 20 fothers of additional thickness in clay were thrown in. 2. Alternative form of fodder, food for animals. Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, dialectal, uncountable Example: He ripp'd the womb up of his mother, / Dame Tellus, 'cause he wanted fother, / And provender, wherewith to feed / Himself and his less cruel steed.
Word: fother Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English fother, fothir, from Old Norse fóðr (cognate to Old English fōdor), from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą (compare Dutch voer (“pasture, fodder”), German Futter (“feed”), Swedish foder). Doublet of fodder and foeder. More at food. Pronunciation: /ˈfɒðə/, /ˈfɑðɚ/ 1. To feed animals (with fother). Labels: dialectal 2. To stop a leak with oakum or old rope (often by drawing a sail under the hull). Labels: dated
Word: charrus Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of carrus. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: Another element of weight is the charrus, carecta, or plaustrata of lead. This quantity contained thrity fontinelli, fotmael, pedes, or pigs. Each pes contained five petrae of fourteen pounds each, and therefore the pes was 70 avoirdupois pounds and the charrus 2100 lbs.
Word: clove Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English clove, an alteration of earlier clowe, borrowed from the first component of Old French clou (de girofle) (modern French clou de girofle), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) for its shape. Also see clāva (“knotty branch, club”). Doublet of clou and clavus. Pronunciation: /kləʊv/, /kloʊv/ 1. A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice. Labels: countable 3. An old English measure of weight, containing 7 pounds (3.2 kg), i.e. half a stone. Labels: countable Example: Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6+¹⁄₂ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. The 'Pathway' points out the etymology of the word cloves; it calls them ' claves or nails.' It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds. Example: By a statute of 9 Hen. VI. it was ordained that the wey of cheese should contain 32 cloves of 7 lbs. each, i.e. 224 lbs., or 2 cwts.
Word: clove Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English clove, from Old English clufu, from Proto-West Germanic *klubu, from Proto-Germanic *klubō, related to clēofan (“to cleave, split”), hence with the verbal etymology hereafter. Pronunciation: /kləʊv/, /kloʊv/ 1. One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. Example: clove of garlic, garlic clove, clove of a sea-onion, clove of shallot, cloves of bulbs
Word: clove Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /kləʊv/, /kloʊv/ 1. simple past of cleave Labels: form-of, past
Word: clove Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Dutch klove (now kloof). Doublet of kloof. Pronunciation: /kləʊv/, /kloʊv/ 1. A narrow valley with steep sides. Labels: Northeastern, US
Word: tey Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Derived from Middle English teies, teyse, taken as a plural, from Anglo-Norman teice, from Old French teise, toise. 1. An English measure of length for rope, perhaps equivalent to the fathom. Labels: historical Example: The tey or toise, the modern fathom, is employed as a measure of rope.
Word: dicker Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English diker (“measure of ten”), from Late Latin dacra (“a dicker”), from Latin decuria (“a ten of something”), from decem (“ten”). Pronunciation: /ˈdɪkə(ɹ)/, /ˈdɪkɚ/ 1. To bargain, haggle or negotiate over a sale. Labels: intransitive Example: At Bouira the detachment detrained, and the balance of the journey was made in the saddle. As Tarzan was dickering at Bouira for a mount he caught a brief glimpse of a man in European clothes eying him from the doorway of a native coffeehouse, […] Example: In the brilliant sparkle of the morning when everything that was not superlatively blue was superlatively green, I dickered with a man who was taking a party up the inlet that he should drop me off at the village I was headed for. 2. To barter. Labels: intransitive Example: Then, the white men who penetrated to those semi-wilds were always ready to "dicker" and to "swap," and to "trade" rifles, and watches, and whatever else they might happen to possess, almost to their wives and children. 3. To fiddle. Labels: intransitive Example: They sat in a booth near the door and drank the first cold ones of the evening while watching three impassioned pinballers dickering with flashing, promising, tilting machines.
Word: dicker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English diker (“measure of ten”), from Late Latin dacra (“a dicker”), from Latin decuria (“a ten of something”), from decem (“ten”). Pronunciation: /ˈdɪkə(ɹ)/, /ˈdɪkɚ/ 1. A unit of measure, consisting of 10 of some object, particularly hides and skins. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: 1599, attributed to Thomas Heywood, Edward IV, Part One, Act III, Scene 1, https://books.google.ca/books?id=d_MuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Hobs [the Tanner of Tamsworth]. […] My taking is more than my spending, for here's store left. I have spent but a groat; a penny for my two jades, a penny to the poor, a penny pot of ale, and a penny cake for my man and me, a dicker of cowhides cost me. Example: The dicker, or daker, was ten, and is found, though generally at later times than the period before us, as a measure for hides and gloves. 2. A chaffering, barter, or exchange, of small wares. Labels: US, countable, uncountable Example: to make a dicker Example: “Grant that the North’s insulted, scorned, betrayed, O'erreached in bargains with her neighbor made, When selfish thrift and party held the scales For peddling dicker, not for honest sales,— Whom shall we strike? Who most deserves our blame?
Word: daker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See dicker. 1. Alternative form of dicker (“unit of 10 items”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, obsolete Example: The dicker, or daker, was ten, and is found, though generally at later times than the period before us, as a measure for hides and gloves.
Word: sextary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sextarie, sextary, anglicized from Latin sextārius (“pint”). Doublet of sextarius. 1. Synonym of sextarius, an ancient Roman unit of volume Labels: historical 2. An Anglo-Saxon unit of liquid measure, chiefly used for wine and cider. Labels: historical Example: The sextary seems to have contained 6 gallons, and is also used for cider and wine.
Word: sextary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: For sextonry. 1. A sacristy. Labels: obsolete
Word: seedlep Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From seed + Middle English lep. 1. A basket or other device used for carrying seed while sowing. Labels: obsolete Example: The seed was cast on the ground from seed-cod or seedlep, the latter word being still used.
Word: paya Part of Speech: noun 1. A dish from the Indian subcontinent, made from an animal's trotters cooked with herbs and spices. Labels: uncountable
Word: Pawaka Part of Speech: name 1. A village in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Word: dovecote Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From dove + cote. Pronunciation: /ˈdʌvkɒt/, /ˈdʌvkɑt/ 1. A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house. Example: If you haue writ your Annales true, 'tis there, / That like an Eagle in a Doue-cote, I / Flutter'd your Volcians in Corioles. Example: she could see the malt-house with its dovecote 2. In medieval Europe, a round or square structure of stone or wood, free-standing or built into a tower, in which pigeons were kept. Labels: historical
Word: dovecot Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of dovecote. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: In 1430 King's College, Cambridge, sells the pigeon's dung from its dovecot for 2s. 8d., in 1461 for 3s., in 1537 for 4s.
Word: Mormon Part of Speech: name Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it. Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith. Pronunciation: /ˈmɔːmən/, /ˈmɔɹmən/ 1. In Mormonism, an ancient American prophet who compiled the Book of Mormon. 2. A surname.
Word: Mormon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it. Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith. Pronunciation: /ˈmɔːmən/, /ˈmɔɹmən/ 1. A believer in the Mormon religion, which views Joseph Smith as a prophet of God and holds the Bible and the Book of Mormon as its primary scriptures. Labels: proscribed, sometimes Example: That year, 1871, had marked a change which had been gradually coming in the lives of the peace-loving Mormons of the border.
Word: Mormon Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From the title of the chief work of Joseph Smith the Book of Mormon. Followers of his religious movement were called this since the 1830s. The title of the book comes from the name from the prophet who they believe compiled it, called Mormon, father of Moroni, and/or the Waters of Mormon mentioned in it. Various implausible etymologies have been proposed, usually in attempts to discredit or defend the Mormon faith. Pronunciation: /ˈmɔːmən/, /ˈmɔɹmən/ 1. Of, or pertaining to, the faith established by Joseph Smith, Jr. Labels: not-comparable, proscribed, sometimes
Word: vanga Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From translingual Vanga. 1. Any of several passerine birds, of the family Vangidae, from Madagascar.
Word: hurdle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: ] From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde. Pronunciation: /ˈhɜːdl̩/, /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ 1. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race. Example: He ran in the 100 metres hurdles. 2. An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract. Labels: figuratively Example: My last stop was an outdoor speech to a huge crowd of Ukrainians whom I urged to stay on the course of freedom and economic reform. Kiev was beautiful in the late spring sunshine, and I hoped its people could keep up the high spirits I had observed in the crowd. They still had many hurdles to clear. 3. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes. Example: The practice of folding sheep was general, and the purchase of hurdles was a regular charge in the shepherd's account. 4. A sled or crate on which criminals were drawn to the place of execution. Labels: UK, historical Example: In treason, the corporal punishment is by drawing on hurdle from the place of the prison to the place of execution, and by hanging and being cut down alive, bowelling, and quartering: and in women by burning. Example: Such a crew! Ah! many a wretch has rid on hurdles who has done less mischief than these utterers of forged Tales, coiners of Scandal, and clippers of Reputation. 5. A piece that is jumped over by a hopper piece. Example: Pieces that can move only by hopping over other pieces are termed Hoppers. It should be noted that hoppers capture in the usual way by eviction, they do not capture the hurdles over which they hop. The most popular hoppers are: The Equihopper (G. Leathem FCR 1938) which hops to the same distance beyond the hurdle as it is from it.
Word: hurdle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: ] From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde. Pronunciation: /ˈhɜːdl̩/, /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ 1. To jump over something while running. Example: He hurdled the bench in his rush to get away. 2. To compete in the track and field events of hurdles (e.g. high hurdles). 3. To overcome an obstacle. 4. To hedge, cover, make, or enclose with hurdles. Example: Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve In hurdled cotes amid the field secure 5. To jump over another piece without capturing it. Example: Kangaroo (KA): as G, but hurdles over any two units to land on the first square beyond the second unit (the two units need not be adjacent). […] Saltador (SA): can move without capturing to the same squares as an S, whenever either of the intermediate squares is occupied (by hurdling); can capture on the same squares as an S whenever either of the intermediate squares is empty.
Word: hurdle Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈhɜːdl̩/, /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ 1. Misspelling of hurtle. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: hurdle Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈhɜːdl̩/, /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ 1. Misspelling of hurtle. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: grope Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English gropien, from Old English grāpian, related to grīpan (whence English gripe); compare also grip. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊp/, /ɡɹoʊp/ 1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. Labels: obsolete 2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. Example: a. 1812. Joseph Stevens Buckminster, sermon to grope about a little longer among the miseries and sensualities of a worldly life Example: In the hollow shades of the roof could be seen pale dangling arms of ivy which had crept through the joints of the tiles and were groping in vain for some support, their leaves being dwarfed and sickly for want of sunlight; [...] 3. To touch (another person) closely and (especially) sexually. Example: The parents found the couple kissing and groping. 4. To intentionally and inappropriately touch or rub against another person, in such a manner as to make the contact appear accidental, for the purpose of one's sexual gratification. Example: That old man groped that girl on the train! 5. To examine; to test; to sound. Labels: obsolete Example: Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.
Word: grope Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gropien, from Old English grāpian, related to grīpan (whence English gripe); compare also grip. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəʊp/, /ɡɹoʊp/ 1. An act of groping, especially sexually. Labels: informal Example: The old man tried to get a quick grope of the young lady on the train. 2. An iron fitting of a medieval cart wheel. Labels: obsolete Example: Gropes appear to be pieces of iron binding together the inner joint of the fitting, and grope-nails to have been used for fastening these to the wood.
Word: alar Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin ala (“wing”) + -ar (adjectival suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.lɚ/, /ˈeɪ.lər/ 1. Of or relating to the armpit; axillary. Labels: not-comparable 2. Having, resembling, or composed of wings or alae. Labels: not-comparable
Word: strake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English strake, from Old English *straca (> Anglo-Latin straca), from Proto-West Germanic *strakō, from Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“straight”). Akin to Old English streċċan (“to make straight, stretch”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɹeɪk/ 1. An iron fitting of a traditional wooden wheel, such as a hub component or bearing (e.g., box, bushel), a cleat, or a rim covering. Labels: archaic Example: The separate pieces of iron, forming together the fitting of the wheel, are called strakes, and the great nails by which they are fastened to the woodwork, and which had thick projecting heads, are called strake-nails and occasionally, it seems, cart-nails, great nails, or frets. Example: Iron strakes were the separate plates fitted to a cart wheel before the use of the iron ring or tyre. [Evans was glossing the term as encountered in a ledger entry of 1827.] 2. A type of aerodynamic surface mounted on an aircraft fuselage to fine-tune the airflow. 3. Also used more generally to regulate fluid flow in pipes or vents to prevent turbulence or vortexes. 4. A continuous line of plates or planks running from bow to stern that contributes to a vessel's skin. (FM 55-501). Example: With regard to materials, all the frames should be of oak and so should the stem piece, stern post, upper portion of dead woods, knight heads, apron, beams, shelf clamp, bilge strakes, and keelson; the keel will generally be found to be either English or American elm. The garboard strakes are generally of American elm, and it is best that the planking above should be of American elm or oak to within a foot or so of the load water-line, and teak above to the covering board or deck edge. Example: But only last night a telephone call roused Mr. Tulloch from his bed—a sheer-strake gone; how long for repairs? 5. A shaped piece of wood used to level a bed or contour the shape of a mould, as for a bell 6. A trough for washing broken ore, gravel, or sand; a launder. 7. A streak. Labels: obsolete Example: And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut^([sic]) tree; and pilled white strakes in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. Example: His burning eyen, whom bloody strakes did staine
Word: strake Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English strake, from Old English *straca (> Anglo-Latin straca), from Proto-West Germanic *strakō, from Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“straight”). Akin to Old English streċċan (“to make straight, stretch”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɹeɪk/ 1. To stretch. Labels: obsolete, transitive
Word: strake Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈstɹeɪk/ 1. simple past of strike Labels: form-of, obsolete, past Example: Hayle Groome; didst not thou see a bleeding Hind, / Whose right haunch earst my stedfast arrow strake? Example: But, when he strake — which came so thick as if every blow would strive to be foremost — his arm seemed still a postillion of death.
Word: alar canal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: alar (possibly because it is just lateral wing-like pterygoid bones) + canal 1. A bony tunnel through the basisphenoid bone of the skull. The maxillary artery and nerve pass through it.
Word: mong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mong, monge, mang, from Old English ġemong, ġemang (“a mixture, mingling, throng, crowd, company”) (whence Modern English among), from Proto-Germanic *mangą (“mix”). Compare Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to knead, mix”). Pronunciation: /ˈmʌŋ/ 1. A mingling, mixture, or crowd. Labels: dialectal 2. A muddle or confusion. Labels: dialectal
Word: mong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Contraction of mongrel. Pronunciation: /ˈmʌŋ/ 1. A mongrel dog. Labels: Australia, slang Example: Some blue cattle-dogs and a small pack of mongs barked excitedly, and danced round, and wished they knew what to do in such an unheard-of situation; and no doubt dreamed for days after of what they had done to distinguish themselves.
Word: mong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Contraction of mongoloid. Pronunciation: /mɒŋ/ 1. A person with Down's syndrome. Labels: Ireland, UK, dated, derogatory, offensive, slang 2. A stupid person. Labels: Ireland, UK, derogatory, offensive, slang Example: Can't you see you don't belong / You're a stupid little fucking mong
Word: mong Part of Speech: prep Etymology: Clipping of among. Pronunciation: /mʌŋ/ 1. Alternative form of 'mong. Labels: alt-of, alternative, obsolete
Word: mong Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ), Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ (möeng), Thai เมือง (mʉʉang), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧂ (moeng), Tai Dam ꪹꪣꪉ, Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ (möeng),Shan မိူင်း (móeng), Lao ເມືອງ (mư̄ang) etc. 1. Alternative form of mueang. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: alar foramen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From alar + foramen. 1. The opening at either end of the alar canal, with the rostral alar foramen closer to the nose and the caudal or posterior alar foramen closer to the back of the skull.
Word: clout Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English clout (“piece of cloth”), from Old English clūt (“piece of cloth, patch; metal plate”), from Proto-West Germanic *klūt, from Proto-Germanic *klūtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gelewdos, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). The influence sense originated in the dialect of Chicago, but has become widespread. Cognate with Old Norse klútr (“kerchief”), Swedish klut, Danish klud, Middle High German klōz (“lump”), whence German Kloß (“clump”), and dialectal Russian глуда (gluda). See also cleat. Pronunciation: /klaʊt/, [klʌʊt], /klæɔt/, /klæʊt/ 1. To hit (someone or something), especially with the fist. Labels: transitive Example: The wolde ſome mayſter perhappes clowt ye / But as for me ye nede nat doute ye / For I had leuer be without ye / Then haue ſuche beſyneſſe aboute ye. Example: A wizard? Him? How could he possibly be? He'd spent his life being clouted by Dudley, and bullied by Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon; if he was really a wizard, why hadn't they been turned into warty toads every time they'd tried to lock him in his cupboard? 2. To cover with cloth, leather, or other material; to bandage, patch, or mend with a clout. Labels: transitive Example: Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in mending an old net, and in clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers what diligence they should use in the expedition of matters. Example: There was a cobbler clowting shoon, / When they were mended, they were done. 3. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot sole. Labels: transitive 4. To guard with an iron plate, as an axletree. Labels: transitive 5. To join or patch clumsily. Labels: transitive Example: if fond Bavius vent his clouted song
Word: clout Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /klaʊt/, [klʌʊt], /klæɔt/, /klæʊt/ 1. Dated form of clot. Labels: alt-of, dated, transitive Example: He tells us how to butter eggs, boil eels, clout cream, stew capons, how to make a fine cake, an almond pudding and a raspberry conserve, […]
Word: moga Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of muga (“type of silk”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, uncountable
Word: moa Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Māori moa, from Proto-Polynesian *moa (“fowl”). Pronunciation: /ˈmɒʌ/, /ˈmoə/, /ˈməʊə/ 1. Any of several species of large, extinct, flightless birds of the family Dinornithidae that were native to New Zealand; until its extinction, one species was the largest bird in the world. Example: The moas (order Dinornithiformes) of New Zealand are likewise extinct but almost certainly some still survived when Tasman first sighted the islands in 1642. Example: For instance, the little bush moa fed nearly exclusively on forest vegetation, whereas the heavy-footed moa was a grazer in open vegetation habitats. 2. An extremely tall individual. Labels: Internet, uncommon
Word: lath Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English laththe, laþþe, earlier lathe, laþe, altered from Old English lætt (“lath”), from Proto-West Germanic *lattu, from Proto-Germanic *laþô (compare Dutch lat, German Latte) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lat- (compare Welsh llath (“rod, wand, yard”)). Pronunciation: /lɑːθ/, /læθ/ 1. A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc. Example: It is a piece of wood furnished with two parallel rows of plates, folding over each other, so as to resemble, in some degree, the laths of a blind. Example: "You are as thin as a lath and as brown as a nut." 2. Microscopic, needle-like crystals, usually of plagioclase feldspar, in a glassy groundmass 3. One of the sharp-edged, thick planks driven forward to hold back loose earth or mud when digging the way through for tunnelling or spiling. Also called a spill.
Word: lath Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English laththe, laþþe, earlier lathe, laþe, altered from Old English lætt (“lath”), from Proto-West Germanic *lattu, from Proto-Germanic *laþô (compare Dutch lat, German Latte) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lat- (compare Welsh llath (“rod, wand, yard”)). Pronunciation: /lɑːθ/, /læθ/ 1. To cover or line with laths. Labels: transitive
Word: lath Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /lɑːθ/, /læθ/ 1. Alternative form of lat (“staff; monumental pillar”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: wasn't Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Contraction of was + not. By surface analysis, was + -n't. Pronunciation: /ˈwɒz.ənt/, [ˈwɒz.n̩(ʔ)], [ˈwɒn.(ʔ)], /ˈwʌz.ənt/, [ˈwʌz.n̩(t)] 1. Contraction of was + not. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, auxiliary, contraction Example: Yesterday, upon the stair / I met a man who wasn’t there / He wasn’t there again today / I wish, I wish he’d go away …
Word: faith Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English faith (also fay), borrowed from Old French fei, feid, from Latin fidem. Doublet of foy. Displaced native Old English ġelēafa, which was also a word for belief. * Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g., truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterization of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix. Compare Champenois fiate, fiaite, showing the same preservation of the final consonant. Pronunciation: /feɪθ/ 1. A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The faithfulness of Old Faithful gives us faith in it. Example: I have faith in the goodness of my fellow man. 2. A conviction about abstractions, ideas, or beliefs, without empirical evidence, experience, or observation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I have faith that my prayers will be answered. Example: I have faith in the healing power of crystals. 3. A religious or spiritual belief system. Labels: countable, metonymically, uncountable Example: The Christian faith. Example: We seek justice for the Indo-European Folk Faith; what's wrong in our literature for that? 4. An obligation of loyalty or fidelity and the observance of such an obligation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He acted in good faith to restore broken diplomatic ties after defeating the incumbent. 5. Credibility or truth. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: 1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece the faith of the foregoing […] narrative
Word: faith Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English faith (also fay), borrowed from Old French fei, feid, from Latin fidem. Doublet of foy. Displaced native Old English ġelēafa, which was also a word for belief. * Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g., truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterization of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix. Compare Champenois fiate, fiaite, showing the same preservation of the final consonant. Pronunciation: /feɪθ/ 1. Alternative form of in faith (“really, truly”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, archaic, not-comparable Example: “How wonderfully,” said Vincent, “your city dignities unloose the tongue: directly a man has been a mayor, he thinks himself qualified for a Tully at least. Faith, Venables asked me one day, what was the Latin for spouting? and I told him, ‘hippomanes, or a raging humour in mayors.’” Example: 'Faith, friend,' he says, 'that was a nasty fall for a fellow that has supped weel. Where might your road be gaun to?'
Word: faith Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From Middle English faith (also fay), borrowed from Old French fei, feid, from Latin fidem. Doublet of foy. Displaced native Old English ġelēafa, which was also a word for belief. * Old French had [θ] as a final devoiced allophone of /ð/ from lenited Latin /d/; this eventually fell silent in the 12th century. The -th of the Middle English forms is most straightforwardly accounted for as a direct borrowing of a French [θ]. However, it has also been seen as arising from alteration of a French form with -d under influence of English abstract nouns in the suffix -th (e.g., truth, ruth, health, etc.), or as a recharacterization of a French form like fay, fey, fei with the same suffix. Compare Champenois fiate, fiaite, showing the same preservation of the final consonant. Pronunciation: /feɪθ/ 1. Ellipsis of by my faith. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis, obsolete
Word: clout-nail Part of Speech: noun 1. A wrought-iron nail heaving a large flat head, and used for fastening clouts to axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for various purposes. Labels: obsolete Example: They must have been light, for, reckoned by the hundred, the average is not very different from that of the hundred-weight of iron; and clout-nails must have been of moderate size, as the value varies very little from that of horseshoe-nails.
Word: busk Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Apparently from French busquer or Spanish buscar. Pronunciation: /bʌsk/, /bʊsk/ 1. To solicit money by entertaining the public in the street or in public transport. Labels: UK, especially, intransitive 2. To sell articles such as obscene books in public houses etc. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: The frothy orator, who busked his tales In quackish pomp of noisy words 3. To tack, cruise about.
Word: busk Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French busc, from Italian busco (“splinter”). Pronunciation: /bʌsk/, /bʊsk/ 1. A strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset to stiffen it. Example: Her long slit sleeves, stiffe buske, puffe verdingall, / Is all that makes her thus angelicall. 2. A corset. Labels: broadly Example: Off with that happy busk, which I envie, / That still can be, and still can stand so nigh.
Word: busk Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology unknown. Pronunciation: /bʌsk/, /bʊsk/ 1. A kind of linen. Labels: obsolete Example: Busk, a kind of table linen, occurs first in 1458, and occasionally afterwards.
Word: busk Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English busken, from Old Norse búask, reflexive of búa (“to prepare”); compare bound for a derivation from búa's past participle and basken for a similar formation from an Old Norse reflexive. Pronunciation: /bʌsk/, /bʊsk/ 1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, transitive Example: Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny, bonny bride. Example: The watch stert up and drew their weapons bright / And busk'd them bold to battle and to fight. 2. To go; to direct one's course. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland Example: Ye might have busked you to Huntly-banks.
Word: buckram Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan. Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/ 1. A coarse cloth of cotton, linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in bookbinding to cover and protect the books, in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Four rogues in buckram let drive at me— Example: Buckram was probably from the first a stiffened material employed for lining, often dyed. 2. A crab that has just molted; a papershell. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: buckram Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English bukeram (“fine linen”), from Anglo-Norman bokeram, from Old French boquerant, bougherant (“fine cloth”), bougueran, probably ultimately from Bokhara, a city in southeastern Uzbekistan. Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/ 1. To stiffen with or as if with buckram. Labels: transitive
Word: buckram Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Perhaps a back-formation from earlier buckrams, from buck + ramps, ramsh (“wild garlic, ramson”). Compare Danish ramsløg (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“bear garlic, ramson”). Pronunciation: /ˈbʌkɹəm/ 1. A plant of species Allium ursinum, also called ramson, wild garlic, or bear garlic.
Word: harbingers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of harbinger Labels: form-of, plural
Word: tartaryn Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of tartarin Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: riband Part of Speech: noun 1. Archaic form of ribbon. Labels: alt-of, archaic, countable, uncountable Example: There was every reason to spare the disclosure, for a new blue satin pelisse, a bonnet trimmed with ribands a mile high, and a fresh detachment of flowing curls, proclaimed the bridal attire. Example: Riband and fringe are often bought by the ounce. 2. A narrow diminutive of the bend, thinner than a bendlet. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: jalapeño Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Classical Nahuatl xalli Proto-Uto-Aztecan *paC-ta Proto-Nahuan *aa-tl Classical Nahuatl atl Classical Nahuatl -pan Classical Nahuatl Xalapanbor. Spanish Jalapa Proto-Indo-European *-nósder. Latin -ēnus Spanish -eño Mexican Spanish jalapeñoubor. English jalapeño Unadapted borrowing from Mexican Spanish jalapeño. Pronunciation: /ˌhæl.əˈpeɪn.jəʊ/, /ˌhæləˈpiːnəʊ/, /ˌdʒæləˈpiːnəʊ/, /ˌhæləˈpɛnjəʊ/, /ˌhɑ.ləˈpeɪn.joʊ/ 1. A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum. Example: For example, salsa and pico de gallo from Mexican cuisine sometimes include fruits like peach, mango or pineapple, balancing hot peppers like habanero or jalapeño with their sweetness.
Word: habanero Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish habanero. Pronunciation: /ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛɹəʊ/, /ˌ(h)ɑbəˈnɛɹoʊ/, /ˌ(h)ɑbəˈnjɛɹoʊ/ 1. An intensely spicy chili pepper, Capsicum chinense. Example: For example, salsa and pico de gallo from Mexican cuisine sometimes include fruits like peach, mango or pineapple, balancing hot peppers like habanero or jalapeño with their sweetness.
Word: roll Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rollen, partly from Old French roller, roler, röeler, röoler, from Medieval Latin rotulāre (“to roll; to revolve”), from Latin rotula (“a little wheel”), diminutive of rota (“a wheel”); partly from Anglo-Latin rollāre, from the same ultimate source. Displaced native English welt and partially displaced English wallow. Pronunciation: /ɹəʊl/, [ɹɒʊɫ], /ɹɒl/, /ɹoʊl/, [ɹoʊɫ] 1. The act or result of rolling, or state of being rolled. Example: the roll of a ball Example: Look at the roll of the waves. 2. Something formed into a compact shape by being rolled up. Example: a roll of banknotes 3. A forward or backward roll in gymnastics; going head over heels. A tumble. 4. Something which rolls. 5. Something which rolls. Example: to pass rails through the rolls 6. A swagger or rolling gait. 7. A heavy, reverberatory sound. Example: Hear the roll of cannon. Example: There was a roll of thunder and the rain began to pour down. 8. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. 9. The oscillating movement of a nautical vessel as it rotates from side to side, about its fore-and-aft axis, causing its sides to go up and down, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching; or the equivalent in an aircraft. 10. The measure or extent to which a vessel rotates from side to side, about its fore-and-aft axis. 11. The rotation angle about the longitudinal axis. Example: Calculate the roll of that aircraft. 12. An instance of the act of rolling an aircraft through one or more complete rotations about its longitudinal axis. Example: The pilots entertained the spectators at the airshow by doing multiple rolls. 13. The act of, or total resulting from, rolling one or more dice. Example: Make your roll. Example: Whoever gets the highest roll moves first. 14. A winning streak of continuing luck, especially at gambling (and especially in the phrase on a roll). Example: He is on a roll tonight. 15. A training match for a fighting dog. 16. An instance of the act of righting a canoe or kayak which has capsized, without exiting the watercraft, or being assisted. Labels: US Example: That was a good roll. 17. The skill of righting a canoe or kayak which has capsized, without exiting the watercraft, or being assisted. Example: She has a bombproof roll. 18. Any of various financial instruments or transactions that involve opposite positions at different expiries, "rolling" a position from one expiry to another. 19. An operation similar to a bit shift, but with the bit that "falls off the end" being wrapped around to the other end. 20. A 14-day deployment.
Word: roll Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rolle, from Old French rolle, role, roule, from Medieval Latin rotulus (“a roll, list, catalogue, schedule, record, a paper or parchment rolled up”); as such, it is a doublet of role and rotulus. Pronunciation: /ɹəʊl/, [ɹɒʊɫ], /ɹɒl/, /ɹoʊl/, [ɹoʊɫ] 1. That which is rolled up. Example: a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, etc. 2. A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. Example: Busy angels spread / The lasting roll, recording what we say. 3. An official or public document; a register; a record. Example: As to the rolls of parliament, viz. the entry of the several petitions, answers and transactions in parliament. Those are generally and successively extant of record in the Tower 4. A catalogue or list, (especially) one kept for official purposes. Example: The roll of solicitors contains the names of all admitted solicitors of a jurisdiction. Example: Several people sued the state after finding out that they'd been removed from the voter rolls for having died, despite their not actually being dead. 5. A food preparation comprising one or more ingredients wrapped in, e.g., flatbread, lettuce leaf, etc. 6. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form. Example: a roll of carpeting; a roll of ribbon 7. A cylindrical twist of tobacco. 8. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled upon itself; see also bread roll. Example: Well, then, fix it up nice, waiter, and make mine baked hash an’ mashed ’taters and stewed corn and waiter!—plain white bread, no fancy rolls! 9. A part; an office; a duty; a role. Labels: obsolete Example: THE Methods of Government and of Humane Society, muſt be Preſerv’d, where Every Man has his Roll, and his Station Aſſign’d him ; and it is not for One Man to break in upon the Province of Another. 10. A measure of parchments, containing five dozen. Example: Parchement is sold by the dozen, and by the roll of five dozens.
Word: andiron Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English aundire, aundiren, from Old French andier (possibly from Gaulish anderon (“heifer”)) compare Welsh anner, annair (“heifer”), Breton annoar (“heifer”), from Proto-Celtic *anderā (“young woman”), due either to their somewhat animal-like appearance of four legs or to the prominent figuring of bull and heifer design elements; compare its alternative names of fire-dog and dog-iron. Spelling influenced by iron. Pronunciation: /ˈænd.aɪ.ən/, /ˈænd.aɪ.ɚn/ 1. A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side Labels: plural-normally Example: The furniture was old-fashioned and massive. The great brass andirons on the wide hearth stood like sentinels proclaiming and guarding the dignity of the family. The spreading antlers on the wall testified to a mighty hunter in some past generation.
Word: Scotch bonnet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Of the pepper, mushroom, and snail, from the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter. 1. A tam o'shanter. 2. A variety of hot chilli pepper (a cultivar of Capsicum chinense). 3. A fairy ring mushroom (genus Marasmius). 4. The sea snail Semicassis granulata.
Word: garnish Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English garnysshen, from Old French garniss-, stem of certain forms of the verb garnir, guarnir, warnir (“to provide, furnish, avert, defend, warn, fortify, garnish”), from a conflation of Old Frankish *warnijan (“to refuse, deny”) and *warnōn (“warn, protect, prepare, beware, guard oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, care, heed”) and Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn”); both from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to defend, protect, cover”). Cognate with Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent from, avert”) and warnian (“to warn, caution, take warning, take heed, guard oneself against, deny”). More at warn. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/, [ˈɡɑːnɪʃ], /ˈɡäːnɪʃ/, [ˈɡäːnɪʃ], /ˈɡɐːnɪʃ/ 1. To decorate with ornaments; to adorn; to embellish. Example: And all within with flowres was garnished, Example: 1710, Joseph Addison, The Tatler, No. 163, 25 April, 1710, Glasgow: Robert Urie, 1754, p. 165, […] as that admirable writer has the best and worst verses of any among our English poets, Ned Softly has got all the bad ones without book, which he repeats upon occasion, to shew his reading, and garnish his conversation. 2. To ornament with something placed around it. Example: a dish garnished with a sprig/spray of parsley 3. To furnish; to supply. Labels: archaic Example: By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath formed the crooked serpent. Example: […] the good-humoured, affectionate-hearted Godfrey Cass was fast becoming a bitter man, visited by cruel wishes, that seemed to enter, and depart, and enter again, like demons who had found in him a ready-garnished home. 4. To fit with fetters; to fetter. Labels: archaic, slang 5. To warn by garnishment; to give notice to. 6. To have (money) set aside by court order (particularly for the payment of alleged debts); to garnishee. Example: When the editorial board of Fire met again, we did not plan a new issue, but emptied our pockets to help poor Thurman whose wages were being garnished weekly because he had signed for the printer’s bills.
Word: garnish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English garnysshen, from Old French garniss-, stem of certain forms of the verb garnir, guarnir, warnir (“to provide, furnish, avert, defend, warn, fortify, garnish”), from a conflation of Old Frankish *warnijan (“to refuse, deny”) and *warnōn (“warn, protect, prepare, beware, guard oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, care, heed”) and Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn”); both from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to defend, protect, cover”). Cognate with Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent from, avert”) and warnian (“to warn, caution, take warning, take heed, guard oneself against, deny”). More at warn. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/, [ˈɡɑːnɪʃ], /ˈɡäːnɪʃ/, [ˈɡäːnɪʃ], /ˈɡɐːnɪʃ/ 1. A set of dishes, often pewter, containing a dozen pieces of several types. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Pewter vessels in general. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The accounts of collegiate and monastic institutions give abundant entries of the price of pewter vessels, called also garnish. 3. Something added for embellishment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: 1718, Matthew Prior, Alma: or, The Progress of the Mind, Canto 1, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: Jacob Tonson, p. 333, First Poets, all the World agrees, Write half to profit, half to please Matter and figure They produce; For Garnish This, and That for Use; Example: This hard-headed old Overreach approved of the sentimental song, as the suitable garnish for girls, and also as fundamentally fine, sentiment being the right thing for a song. 4. Clothes; garments, especially when showy or decorative. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. 5. Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. Fetters. Labels: countable, obsolete, slang, uncountable 7. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded from a newcomer by the older prisoners. Labels: historical, slang, uncountable Example: 1699, B. E., A New Dictionary of the Canting Crew, London: W. Hawes et al., Garnish money, what is customarily spent among the Prisoners at first coming in. Example: This person then […] acquainted him that it was the custom of the place for every prisoner, upon his first arrival there, to give something to the former prisoners to make them drink. This, he said, was what they called garnish; and concluded with advising his new customer to draw his purse upon the present occasion. 8. Cash. Labels: US, countable, slang, uncountable
Word: patella Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”), diminutive of patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”). Doublet of paella. Pronunciation: /pəˈtɛlə/ 1. The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap. Example: Subluxed patellas, more commonly referred to as slipped stifles, like all inherited factors will continue to cripple a breed as long as breeders continue to mate affected animals. Example: 2005, Roger E. Stevenson, 20: Limbs, Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, page 920, Since patella diameter is a feature of continuous variation, the majority of small patellas represent simply the lower extreme of normal anatomic variation. 2. A little dish or vase. 3. An orbicular sessile apothecium, with a marginal rim distinct from the thallus.
Word: patella Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of putelee (“type of boat”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: barm Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”). Pronunciation: /bɑːm/, /bɑɹm/ 1. bosom Labels: dialectal, obsolete 2. lap Labels: dialectal, obsolete
Word: barm Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread. Pronunciation: /bɑːm/, /bɑɹm/ 1. Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast. Labels: countable, dialectal, obsolete, uncountable Example: [A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm. Example: In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail. 2. A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread. Labels: countable, dialectal, obsolete, uncountable