nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: counsel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English counseil, conseil, from Old French conseil, from Latin cōnsilium, of unknown origin but possibly from either com- + calō (via a phonetic variant of concilium) or cōnsulō. Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊn.səl/ 1. The exchange of opinions and advice especially in legal issues; consultation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Bleſſed is that man that hath not walked in the counſaile of the vngodly: nor ſtand in the waye of ſynners, and hath not ſit in the ſeate of ſkornefull. Example: All the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus, to put him to death. 2. Exercise of judgment; prudence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first cause, that counsel is used. 3. Advice; guidance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised. Example: This Book will make a Travailer of thee, / If by its Counſel thou wilt ruled be; / It will direct thee to the Holy Land, / If thou wilt its Directions understand: / Yea, it will make the ſloathful, active be; / The Blind alſo, delightful things to ſee. 4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The counsel of the Lord standeth forever. Example: The counsels of the wicked are deceit. 5. A lawyer, as in King's Counsel (KC) or Queen's Counsel (QC). Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: counsel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English counseilen, from Old French conseiller, from Latin cōnsilior, from cōnsilium. Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊn.səl/ 1. To give advice, especially professional advice, to (somebody). Labels: transitive Example: The lawyer counselled his client to remain silent. Example: Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and other mental health professionals counsel clients. 2. To recommend (a course of action). Labels: transitive Example: I would counsel prudence in this matter. Example: He counseled his daughter to resist the lure of hatred and bitterness.
Word: counselor Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English counseilour, counseiler, from Anglo-Norman cunseiler, from Old French conseillier, from Latin cōnsiliārius, agent noun from cōnsilior (“to take counsel”), from cōnsilium (“plan, council, wisdom, advice”). Compare councilor. Displaced native Middle English redere, Middle English redesman, and Middle English redyeve, from Old English rǣdġiefa (literally “advice giver”). Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊnsələ(ɹ)/, /ˈkaʊnslə(ɹ)/ 1. A professional who counsels people, especially on personal problems. 2. A school counselor, often in a specialty such as careers, education, or health. 3. An attorney. 4. A high ranking diplomat, usually just below an ambassador or minister. 5. A children’s supervisor, usually at camp. Labels: US
Word: cult Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Derived from French culte, from Latin cultus (“care, adoration; cult”), from colō (“cultivate; protect”). Pronunciation: /kʌlt/, [kʰʌlt], /ˈkɒlt/, /ˈkʊlt/ 1. The veneration, devotion, and religious rites given to a deity (especially in a historical polytheistic context), or (in a Christian context) to a saint; a subset of worship. Example: imperial cult Example: the cult of Mary 2. A group of people having an obsession with or intense admiration for a particular activity, idea, person or thing. Labels: informal Example: the heavy metal cult Example: the cult of basketball 3. A group, sect or movement following an unorthodox religious or philosophical system of beliefs, especially one in which members remove and exclude themselves from greater society, including family members not part of the cult, and show extreme devotion to a charismatic leader. Labels: derogatory Example: Two former cult members explain the difficulties they had extricating themselves from it. Example: Werner Erhard's highly successful est cult is partly derived from Scientology. Erhard had some experience with Scientology in 1969. Then he worked for a while in Mind Dynamics, itself an offshoot of Jose Silva's Mind Control.
Word: cult Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Derived from French culte, from Latin cultus (“care, adoration; cult”), from colō (“cultivate; protect”). Pronunciation: /kʌlt/, [kʰʌlt], /ˈkɒlt/, /ˈkʊlt/ 1. Of or relating to a cult. Labels: not-comparable 2. Enjoyed by a small, loyal group. Labels: not-comparable Example: a cult horror movie Example: To a certain extent, the cult movie and the classic are opposites, appealing to vastly different audiences. Whereas a film can become an instant cult, and then forgotten, a film cannot become an “instant classic”, which is only critical shorthand for “excellent”. 3. Alternative form of kvlt. Labels: alt-of, alternative, neologism, not-comparable
Word: saxum Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈsæksəm/ 1. a boulder, in geographic names on asteroids
Word: disingenuous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin dis- Old French des-bor. Latin dis-bor. Middle English dis- English dis- English ingenuous English disingenuous From dis- + ingenuous. Pronunciation: /ˌdɪ.sɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ 1. Not honourable; unworthy of honour. 2. Not ingenuous; not frank or open. Example: I am not so vain as to think these Remarks free from faults, nor so disingenuous as not to confess them: 3. Assuming a pose of naïveté to make a point or for deception. Example: But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.
Word: wyvern Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Alteration of Middle English wyver (“viper”), from Old Northern French wivre, from Vulgar Latin *vivra, *vibra, from Latin vīpera (“viper; snake, serpent”). Doublet of weever and viper. Related to viviparous. Pronunciation: /ˈwaɪvən/, /ˈwɪvən/, /ˈwiːvən/, /ˈwaɪvəɹn/, /ˈwɪvəɹn/ 1. A draconian creature possessing wings, only two legs and usually a barbed tail. Example: [I]f (notwithstanding his obligations to the three ermines passant) he sometimes cursed in his heart the jargon of heraldry, its griffins, its moldwarps, its wyverns, and its dragons, with all the bitterness of Hotspur himself, there were moments when these communications interested his fancy and rewarded his attention. Example: Notions of freedom are tied up in drink / Our ideal life contains a tavern / Where man may sit and talk of or just think / All without fear of the nighted wyvern, / Or yet another tavern where it appears.
Word: rasher Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From rash + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹæʃə(ɹ)/ 1. comparative form of rash: more rash Labels: comparative, form-of
Word: rasher Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown origin. Said to be an alteration of rasure. Pronunciation: /ˈɹæʃə(ɹ)/ 1. A strip of bacon; a piece of bacon. Labels: Ireland, UK Example: He was a man who made his tent comfortable wherever he pitched it, and long before Altamont’s arrival, had done justice to a copious breakfast of fried eggs and broiled rashers, which Mr. Grady had prepared secundum artem. Example: He received us in his quietly genial fashion, ordered fresh rashers and eggs, and joined us in a hearty meal. 2. A strip, a piece (of something, such as ham, bacon, etc). Labels: Ireland, UK Example: Now another layer of forcemeat, then rashers of ham, then forcemeat. Cover the surface with three rashers of fat bacon and a bayleaf; cover with paste, and bake for two hours in a moderate oven, covering the top with a piece of[…] Example: “A pound of tea at one-and-three, / And a pot of raspberry jam, Two new-laid eggs, a dozen pegs, / And a pound of rashers of ham.”
Word: rasher Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Unknown origin. Said to be an alteration of rasure. Pronunciation: /ˈɹæʃə(ɹ)/ 1. To cut into rashers. Labels: transitive Example: Most of the bacon sold is rashered or prepared as boiling joints in the retail shop, but recently there have been experiments in central arrangements for rashering bacon and its subsequent distribution pre-packed.
Word: famulus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin famulus (“servant”). 1. A close attendant or assistant, especially of a magician or occult scholar.
Word: levin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English levene. Spellings in Middle English and Early Modern English include leven, levin, levyn, leiven, and leyven. The earlier etymology is less clear. It is thought to be related to Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹 (lauhmuni) (which see for some more), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine”). Possibly a regular reflex, possibly North Germanic loan, or possibly from a lost substrate. Pronunciation: /ˈlɛvɪn/ 1. Lightning; a bolt of lightning; also, a bright flame or light. Labels: archaic, countable, poetic, uncountable Example: His soul was like the night around us now, dark, and sultry, and silent, but lighted up by the red levin of wrath and torn by the bellowings of thunder-passion. Example: And forth rith al so leuin fares.
Word: levin Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English levene. Spellings in Middle English and Early Modern English include leven, levin, levyn, leiven, and leyven. The earlier etymology is less clear. It is thought to be related to Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹 (lauhmuni) (which see for some more), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine”). Possibly a regular reflex, possibly North Germanic loan, or possibly from a lost substrate. Pronunciation: /ˈlɛvɪn/ 1. To strike, as lightning. Labels: archaic, intransitive, poetic Example: Tremendous bursts of electric discharge levined through the clouds or lit up their under surfaces and all the rain-soaked earth, […]
Word: clochard Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French clochard. 1. A beggar or tramp, especially in France. Example: He nearly fell over the Pont Neuf, enjoyed the conversation and esteem of several hairy clochards, and was finally knocked down by a taxi in the Place Vendôme […] Example: ‘Those clochards in Cannes, mostly old soixante-huitards. They see a tribute to modern industrial genius and can't resist giving it a swift kick.’
Word: gaff Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English gaffe, from Old French gaffe, from Old Occitan gaf (“hook”), derivative of gafar (“to seize”), from 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”). Doublet of gaffe. Etymology 1, noun sense 5 apparently derives from the idea that the garment tricks or deceives others about the wearer's genitalia. Pronunciation: /ɡæf/ 1. A tool consisting of a large metal hook with a handle or pole, especially the one used to pull large fish aboard a boat. Example: When Leonard finally hauls up a cod of seventy-five centimeters, probably seven years old, a typical catch ten years ago, they all joke, "Oh my God, get the gaff!" 2. A minor error or faux pas, a gaffe. Example: We politely ignored his gaff. 3. A trick or con. Example: The sideshow feat was just a gaff, but the audience was too proud to admit they'd been fooled. 4. The upper spar used to control a gaff-rigged sail. 5. A type of tight, panty-like underwear worn to hold the penis and testicles tucked backwards and make one's genital region look smooth, as if one had a vulva. Example: This may sound strange to readers who know little about nudes but many female impersonators, or femme-mimics, work au naturel—except for a gaff, a bra, body makeup, jewelry, and a wig (on their head). See! Semi-nude!! Example: Sissy maids may be required to wear a gaff to disguise the male genitals, and a dominant may wish a slave to wear it on a daily basis.
Word: gaff Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English gaffe, from Old French gaffe, from Old Occitan gaf (“hook”), derivative of gafar (“to seize”), from 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban, “to give”). Doublet of gaffe. Etymology 1, noun sense 5 apparently derives from the idea that the garment tricks or deceives others about the wearer's genitalia. Pronunciation: /ɡæf/ 1. To use a gaff, especially to land a fish. Example: I stepped out and advanced valiantly upon a long-maned bull in the midst of his wives. I was armed with the regular club with which the boat-pullers killed the wounded seals gaffed aboard by the hunters. 2. To cheat or hoax. 3. To doctor or modify for deceptive purposes. Labels: transitive Example: When the operator began losing, he gaffed the wheel and then the patron had no chance to win. With his secret device an experienced grifter could stop the wheel at will on any number. Example: However, this apathy will quickly disappear if it is learned the friendly game involves marked (gaffed) cards. 4. To gamble, especially by tossing coins. Labels: obsolete, slang 5. To affix gaffer tape to, or cover with gaffer tape. Labels: informal, transitive Example: I gaffed down the sleeves to my lens hoods instead of just relying on the drawstring to hold it in place.
Word: gaff Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Perhaps from Old English gafsprǣc (“buffoonery, scurrility; blasphemous or ribald speech”), from Old English gaf (“base, vile, lewd”) + Old English sprǣc (“language, speech, talk”). Compare Old English gaffetung, gafettung (“scoffing, mockery, derision”). Pronunciation: /ɡæf/ 1. Rough or harsh treatment; criticism. Example: "Numbers one, two, and five engines have broken down, sir," he called. "Shall we force the remaining three?" / "We can do nothing else," I bellowed into the transmitter. / "They won't stand the gaff, sir," he returned. / "Can you suggest a better plan?" I asked. / "No, sir," he replied. / "Then give them the gaff, lieutenant," I shouted back, and hung up the receiver. 2. An outcry; nonsense. Labels: dated
Word: gaff Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown. Possibly from Etymology 1, via a sense of “a place that will be robbed” in criminal argot; possibly from Etymology 2, via a sense of "cheap theatre"; possibly from Romani gav (“village”) (whence German Kaff (“village”)). Pronunciation: /ɡæf/ 1. A place of residence. Labels: Ireland, UK, slang Example: We're going round to Mike's gaff later to watch the footie. Example: "Steady on, mate. How was I to know this was your gaff? I was lookin' for somewhere to kip." 2. A disreputable, low-end theatre. Labels: UK, dated, slang Example: Significantly, the setting is a gaff, a low, illegal theatre, and not one of the legitimate East-End stages.
Word: gaff Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɡæf/ 1. Clipping of gaffer tape. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, informal, uncountable Example: She bought a roll of black gaff to tape down the loose cords.
Word: blazar Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Blend of B + L + Lac + quasar. Coined by astronomer Edward Spiegel in 1978 from BL Lac object and quasar, punning blazing from its optical presentation compared to usual quasars. By surface analysis, blaze + -ar. Pronunciation: /ˈbleɪ.zɑɹ/ 1. A very compact quasar, associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy. 2. An object which is either an optically violent variable quasar (OVV quasar) or a BL Lac object or which has properties of both.
Word: foremost Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Old English formest, fyrmest (“earliest, first, most prominent”), from Proto-Germanic *frumistaz, from the locative stem *fur-, *fr- + the superlative suffix *-umistaz, stem ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pr-. The suffix *-umistaz was a compound suffix, created from the rarer comparative suffix *-umô (as in Old English fruma) + the regular superlative suffix *-istaz (English -est); *-umô in turn is from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-. Cognate with Old Frisian formest, Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (frumists). See for, first and Old English fruma for more. Partially cognate to primus, from Proto-Indo-European *pr- + Latin superlative suffix -imus, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-. A comparative former was back-formed analogically, leaving the m from *-umô in place. Later the Old English suffix complex -(u)m-est was conflated with the word most through folk etymology, so that the word is now interpreted as fore + -most. Pronunciation: /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ 1. Positioned in front of (all) others in space, most forward. Labels: not-comparable Example: She prankes not by hir mistresse side, she preases not to bée / The foremost of the companie, as when she erst was frée. Example: As I plunged into the reeds, my foremost pursuers emerged from the gap. 2. Coming before (all) others in time. Labels: not-comparable Example: […] of both them, she / (By Pallas counsell) was to haue the grace / Of foremost greeting. Example: 1769, Oliver Goldsmith, The Roman History, London: S. Baker and G. Leigh et al., Volume 1, Chapter 16, p. 254, He was the best horseman, and the swiftest runner of his time. He was ever the foremost to engage, and the last to retreat; 3. Of the highest rank or position; of the greatest importance; of the highest priority. Labels: not-comparable Example: The exhibition features works by the country’s foremost artists. Example: Foremost among the workers’ grievances was the company’s failure to address the many safety issues in the plant. 4. Closest to the bow. Labels: not-comparable Example: I let fall the tiller, turned my back on them, and sat down on the foremost thwart.
Word: foremost Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Old English formest, fyrmest (“earliest, first, most prominent”), from Proto-Germanic *frumistaz, from the locative stem *fur-, *fr- + the superlative suffix *-umistaz, stem ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pr-. The suffix *-umistaz was a compound suffix, created from the rarer comparative suffix *-umô (as in Old English fruma) + the regular superlative suffix *-istaz (English -est); *-umô in turn is from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-. Cognate with Old Frisian formest, Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (frumists). See for, first and Old English fruma for more. Partially cognate to primus, from Proto-Indo-European *pr- + Latin superlative suffix -imus, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-. A comparative former was back-formed analogically, leaving the m from *-umô in place. Later the Old English suffix complex -(u)m-est was conflated with the word most through folk etymology, so that the word is now interpreted as fore + -most. Pronunciation: /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ 1. In front, prominently forward. Labels: not-comparable Example: No Man hath more nicely observed our Climate, than the Bookseller who bought the Copy of this Work; He knows to a Tittle what Subjects will best go off in a dry Year, and which it is proper to expose foremost, when the Weather-glass is fallen to much Rain. Example: 1820, John Keats, “Lamia,” Part 1, in Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: Taylor and Hessey, p. 15, She saw the young Corinthian Lycius / Charioting foremost in the envious race, 2. First in time. Labels: not-comparable Example: c. 1618, Philip Massinger, Thomas Middleton and William Rowley, The Old Law, London: Edward Archer, 1656, Act III, Scene 1, p. 41, Alwayes the worst goes foremost, so twill prove I hope Example: Our thirst, at length, and hunger both sufficed, / I, foremost speaking, ask’d you to the wars 3. Most importantly. Labels: not-comparable Example: […] Mrs. Nickleby, with the utmost sincerity, gave vent to her sorrows after her own peculiar fashion of considering herself foremost, Example: It seemed as if he had been gently awakened from a long sleep. The corners of his mouth hung down, drugged and paralyzed, and through the gray light of this soft, new-born consciousness it occurred to him first, prime and foremost (order, order, he found himself pleading) that he was not properly articulating.
Word: blackshirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From black + shirt, calque of Italian camicia nera. 1. A uniformed member of a paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party. Labels: historical, in-plural 2. Any member of a fascist party. Labels: broadly
Word: Brownshirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Calque of German Braunhemd, the nickname for a member of the Sturmabteilung, in reference to their brown uniforms. Equivalent to brown + shirt. 1. A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung. Labels: historical Example: A heavy arched door was pouring a raucous and lurching party of Brownshirts on to the trampled snow. […] Half-way up the vaulted stairs a groaning Brownshirt, propped against the wall on a swastika'd arm, was unloosing, in a staunchless gush down the steps, the intake of hours. 2. Any member of a fascist party; a neofascist or neo-Nazi.
Word: Blueshirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From blue + shirt. 1. A member of an Irish fascist organization led by Eoin O'Duffy. Labels: Ireland, historical 2. Any person accused of supporting right-wing Irish nationalism or fascism. Labels: Ireland, derogatory 3. A member of Ireland's Fine Gael political party, which O'Duffy's followers joined after their own organization was dissolved. Labels: Ireland, derogatory 4. A member of the National Hockey League's New York Rangers, named for the blue sweaters they wear in away games. 5. A member of the paramilitary wing of the Kuomintang during Chiang Kai-shek's rule of the Republic of China. Labels: historical
Word: unalike Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Germanic *ga- Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *galīkaz Proto-Germanic *ungalīkaz Old English unġelic Middle English unylich English unalike Inherited from Middle English unylich, from Old English unġelic, from Proto-Germanic *ungalīkaz. By surface analysis, un- + alike. Pronunciation: /ˌʌnəˈlaɪk/ 1. Of an unlike kind; different Labels: uncommon
Word: greenshirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Bahuvrihi of green + shirt. Cf. Brownshirt (“Nazi”). 1. A member of the Social Credit Party, especially as thought to resemble a member of a fascist movement. Labels: Canadian, derogatory, historical 2. A member of the Iron Guard death squads of Romania.
Word: letteral Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From letter + -al. The Lojban sense was coined by James Cooke Brown by analogy with numeral. 1. Referring to a type of musical notation used by Shakers, based on letters instead of notes. Labels: historical, not-comparable 2. Regarding letters of the alphabet. Labels: not-comparable, rare Example: [A certain effect is achieved] by a letter, by “old man R”, as the master agent is alone named[…]Thus, when Hitchcock repeats certain names and syllabic or even letteral patterns across his films, they appear to link up in active networks[…]Such repetitions isolate specific signifiers—individual letters or letteral clusters, sounds[…], visual “puns”, and citations—which may operate like monadic and nomadic switchboards whose proliferation continues to alter the afterlife not only of the film texts themselves[…]but the literary or cultural mnemonics that they have become embedded in.
Word: letteral Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From letter + -al. The Lojban sense was coined by James Cooke Brown by analogy with numeral. 1. Obsolete form of literal (“a misprint that affects a letter”). Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: In order to avoid the character of being slovenly, always read the lines as composed. This should be done as soon as they are finished and before spacing out; in time the habit will become so fixed, that in spacing out, or even in composing the line, the eye will wander over the words, and detect any letterals. Example: LITERALS type characters: to read proof for literals is to read letter for letter, watching for proper spelling, punctuation, etc., as well as for typos: formerly spelled letterals. 2. The name of a letter, such as gy. for the letter G. Labels: Lojban
Word: conform Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English conformen, borrowed from Middle French and Anglo-Norman conformer, from Latin conformāre (“to mould, to shape after”). Pronunciation: /kənˈfɔːm/, /kənˈfɔɹm/ 1. To adapt to something by more closely matching it, especially something normative. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: There is a worm by Phoebus bred, By leaves of mulberry is fed, Which unprovided where to dwell, Conforms itself to weave a cell. Example: The sensual man conforms thoughts to things; the poet conforms things to his thoughts. 2. To adapt to something by more closely matching it, especially something normative. Labels: intransitive, often, transitive, with-to Example: [H]e had a dispensation for conforming in outward observances to the Protestant faith. Example: [B]y conforming to the dress and habits of the Gauchos, he has obtained an unbounded popularity in the country. 3. To be as required or recommended by a specification, regulation, or policy. Labels: intransitive Example: In height and breadth it conformed to the prescribed measurements laid down by the rules of the contest. Example: A judge in a Texas widow’s lawsuit over the Merck drug Vioxx reduced a $32 million jury award to about $7.75 million on Thursday so that it conformed to state law. […] But Judge Alex W. Gabert, in a Rio Grande City courtroom, ordered the punitive damage reduced to conform to a 2003 Texas law that caps punitive damages at twice the amount of economic damages — lost pay — and up to $750,000 on top of noneconomic damages.
Word: conformity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English conformyte, from Middle French conformité. By surface analysis, conform + -ity. Pronunciation: /kənˈfɔɹmɪti/, /kənˈfɔːmɪti/ 1. The state of things being similar or identical. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A point of resemblance; a similarity. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The state of being conforming, of complying with a set of rules, with a norm or standard. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The ideology of adhering to one standard or social uniformity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: How far should one accept the rules of the society in which one lives? To put it another way: at what point does conformity become corruption? Only by answering such questions does the conscience truly define itself.
Word: confirm Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English confirmen, confermen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cōnfirmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, establish”), from con- (“together”) + firmāre (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”). Pronunciation: /kənˈfɜːm/, /kənˈfɝm/, /kənˈfɜ(r)m/, /kənˈfɔ(r)m/ 1. To strengthen; to make firm or resolute. 2. To administer the sacrament of confirmation on (someone). Labels: transitive Example: She pulled through with the boy till he was confirmed; but then she told him that she could not feed him any longer; he would have to go out and earn his own bread. Example: Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, was baptized and confirmed at the age of three days. 3. To assure the accuracy of previous statements. Example: Despite all the evidence confirming the existence of the Protheans, little is known about their culture and society. From time to time, dig sites will yield new clues, but after 50,000 years of decay, little of value is unearthed. Example: The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia. Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were. 4. To approve a proposal or nomination. Labels: transitive Example: The Senate must confirm federal court appointments.
Word: confirm Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English confirmen, confermen, from Old French confermer, from Latin cōnfirmāre (“to make firm, strengthen, establish”), from con- (“together”) + firmāre (“to make firm”), from firmus (“firm”). Pronunciation: /kənˈfɜːm/, /kənˈfɝm/, /kənˈfɜ(r)m/, /kənˈfɔ(r)m/ 1. For sure, definitely. Labels: Manglish, Singlish, not-comparable Example: This is confirm not my handwriting. Example: That ex-lecturer-to-be confirm gone case liao.
Word: confirmation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English confirmacioun, from Old French confirmacion, from Latin cōnfirmātiō, noun of process from cōnfirmātus (“confirmed”), perfect passive participle of cōnfirmāre, from con- (“with”) + firmāre (“to firm or strengthen”). Morphologically confirm + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩], /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] 1. An official indicator that things will happen as planned. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We will send you a written confirmation of your hotel booking. 2. A verification that something is true or has happened. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The announcement in the newspaper was a confirmation of my suspicions. Example: They declare ringing confirmation for their theories even in the face of feeble data. 3. A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: You got a nice white dress / and a party on your confirmation. / You've got a brand new soul, / mm, and a cross of gold. 4. An act whereby something conditional or voidable is made sure and unavoidable, especially the possession of an estate. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: necessitate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From earlier necessitat, from Medieval Latin necessitātus, perfect past participle of necessitō (“to make necessary”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)), from Classical Latin necessitās (“necessity, need”) + -ō. Necessitās is derived from necesse (“unavoidable”) (from ne- (“not”) + cessus (“conceded, given up, yielded”). By surface analysis, necessitō + -ate. Pronunciation: /nɪˈsɛsɪteɪt/, /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/ 1. To make necessary; to behove; to require (something) to be brought about. Labels: transitive Example: The early departure of her plane necessitated her waking up at 4 a.m. Example: And this to be a duty, […] ſpeciall that of loving God with all thy heart, &c. beſides manifold more in Scripture; But even the Law of Nature neceſſitates to it, whether we conſider God, or our ſelves, our ſoules, ſpecially. 2. To force into a certain course of action; compel. Example: The 26th of August was still colder than the day previous. Ice formed in all our water-vessels, and one was necessitated to the brisker kind of exercise in order to keep warm.
Word: evolve Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin ēvolvō (“unroll, unfold”), from ē- (“out of”) (short form of ex) + volvō (“roll”). Pronunciation: /ɪˈvɒlv/, /ɪˈvɑlv/, /-ˈvɔlv/, /iˈ-/ 1. To move (something) in regular procession through a system. Labels: transitive Example: The animal soul sooner expands and evolves it self to its full orb and extent than the humane Soul 2. To change or transform (something). Labels: transitive Example: Over several years the author evolved the story originally drafted as a novella into a real epic. 3. To cause (something) to come into being or develop. Labels: transitive Example: You will remove the pig, place it in the car, and drive it to my house in Wiltshire. That is the plan I have evolved. Example: The interpreter has spent a whole lot of time working the music before the performance, trying to evolve the most accurate translation possible. 4. Of a population: to acquire or develop (a trait) in the process of biological evolution. Labels: transitive Example: How long ago did birds evolve beaks? Example: Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy. 5. To cause (a population, a species, etc.) to change genetic composition over successive generations through the process of evolution. Labels: transitive Example: A hundred thousand years from now, will Homo sapiens have evolved into beings unrecognizable to their ancestors? Example: There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. 6. To give off (a gas such as carbon dioxide or oxygen) during a chemical reaction. Labels: transitive Example: to evolve odours 7. To wind or unwind (something). Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: And come, my Muſe! that lov'ſt the ſylvan ſhade, / Evolve the mazes, and the miſt diſpel; / Tranſlate the ſong; convince my doubting maid / No ſolemn Derviſe can explain ſo vvell— […] 8. To move in regular procession through a system. Labels: intransitive Example: [T]he principles which Art involves, Science alone evolves. Example: Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above. 9. To change, to transform. Labels: intransitive Example: What began as a few lines of code has now evolved into a million-line behemoth. Example: An aide of Shah told Reuters that Shah had an early penchant for poetry that evolved into an affinity for rap music. 10. Of a trait; to develop within a population through biological evolution. Labels: intransitive Example: How long ago did beaks evolve?
Word: transform Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *térh₂t Proto-Indo-European *-ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂n̥ts Proto-Italic *trāns Proto-Italic *trāns- Latin trāns- Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.? Latin fōrma Latin fōrmō Latin transformo Old French transformer Middle French transfourmerbor. Middle English transformen English transform From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”). Pronunciation: /tɹænsˈfɔːm/, /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːm/, /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ 1. To change greatly the appearance or form of. Labels: transitive Example: The alchemists sought to transform lead into gold. Example: Love may transform me to an oyster. 2. To change the nature, condition or function of; to change in nature, disposition, heart, character, etc.; to convert. Labels: transitive Example: Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. 3. To subject to a transformation; to change into another form without altering the value. Labels: transitive 4. To subject to the action of a transformer. Labels: transitive 5. To subject (a cell) to transformation. Labels: transitive 6. To undergo a transformation; to change in appearance or character. Labels: intransitive
Word: transform Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *térh₂t Proto-Indo-European *-ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂n̥ts Proto-Italic *trāns Proto-Italic *trāns- Latin trāns- Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ)der.? Latin fōrma Latin fōrmō Latin transformo Old French transformer Middle French transfourmerbor. Middle English transformen English transform From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”). Pronunciation: /ˈtɹænsfɔːm/, /ˈtɹɑːnsfɔːm/, /ˈtɹænsfɔɹm/ 1. An operation (often an integration) that converts one function into another. 2. A function so produced. Labels: broadly 3. A transform fault.
Word: transformation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English transformacioun, from Middle French, from Ecclesiastical Latin trānsfōrmātiō. Morphologically transform + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌtɹæns.fə(ɹ)ˈmeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌtɹæns.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of transforming or the state of being transformed. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: undergo a radical transformation Example: “This material has a specific hardness and is chemically very stable. It forms naturally from calcium alone, but bacteria accelerate the transformation into calcium carbonate,” explains Alejandro Montesinos, head of the Decarbonization, Climate Change, and Circular Economy Research Group at Tec de Monterrey and a member of the Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing. 2. A marked change in appearance or character, especially one for the better. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables; a mapping of one space onto another or onto itself; a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A rule that systematically converts one syntactic form into another; a sentence derived by such a rule. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The alteration of a bacterial cell caused by the transfer of DNA from another, especially if pathogenic. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. The transition from the apartheid era to a multiracial democracy in South Africa. Labels: South-Africa, countable, uncountable 7. A woman's wig. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable
Word: characteristically Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek χαράσσω (kharássō) Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Ancient Greek -τήρ (-tḗr) Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr) Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō) Ancient Greek χαρακτηρίζω (kharaktērízō) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Hellenic *-tós Ancient Greek -τος (-tos) ▲ Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Ancient Greek -τικός (-tikós) Ancient Greek χᾰρᾰκτηριστῐκός (khărăktēristĭkós)der. English characteristic Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *-ê Proto-Germanic *-līkê Proto-West Germanic *-līkē Old English -līċe Middle English -ly Middle English -ally English -ally English characteristically From characteristic + -ally. Pronunciation: /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪkli/, /ˌkɛɹɪktəˈɹɪstɪkli/ 1. In a usual or expected way; in characteristic manner. Example: Valentine’s Day means different things for different people. For Homer, it means forking over a hundred dollars for a dusty box of chocolates at the Kwik-E-Mart after characteristically forgetting the holiday yet again. For Ned, it’s another opportunity to prove his love for his wife. Most germane to the episode, for Lisa, Valentine’s Day means being the only person in her entire class to give Ralph a Valentine after noticing him looking crestfallen and alone at his desk. Example: The threat the most radical of them pose is evidently far greater at home than abroad: in one characteristically slick and chilling Isis video – entitled “a message to the Jordanian tyrant” – a smiling, long-haired young man in black pats the explosive belt round his waist as he burns his passport and his fellow fighters praise the memory of Zarqawi, who was killed in Iraq in 2006.
Word: purpose Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English purpos, from Old French purposer (“to propose”) (with conjugation altered based on poser), from Latin prō- (“forth”) + pōnere (“place, put”), hence Latin prōpōnō, prōpōnere. By surface analysis, pur- + pose (“halt, pause, put, place”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɜːpəs/, /ˈpɝpəs/, /ˈpøːpəs/, /ˈpɜ.pəs/, /ˈpɜ.poʊs/ 1. The end for which something is done, is made or exists. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: What is the purpose of your visit? Example: The device can be used for both civilian and military purposes. 2. Function, role. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The exceptionally small gate-leg table served the purpose of a tea table admirably. Example: The purpose of the gall-bladder is obviously to permit the accumulation of bile, when it is not wanted in the intestine; and we find it most constantly present in those tribes of animals, which live upon animal food 3. meaning for existing or doing something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Before being hospitalized, Thea filled her days with work that gave her life purpose. Whether it was teaching, writing, or investing in relationships, Thea was busily and actively engaged in activity that she could feel good about. Example: This place gave him purpose, gave him joy. It was both his life and his lifeline and she was both thrilled and relieved that he'd recovered enough to be able to maintain the place. 4. Resolution; determination. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment. Example: Perhaps you have heard that there was once some purpose of marriage between the Duc de Joyeuse and myself; it is of that which I have to tell. 5. The subject of discourse; the point at issue. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: […]he was woont to ſpeake plaine, and to the purpoſe (like an honeſt man and a ſouldier) […] Example: The speech he made was so little to the purpose, that I shall not trouble my Readers with an account of it; and I believe was not so much designed by the Knight himself to inform the Court, as to give him a figure in my eye[…]
Word: purpose Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English purposen, from Old French purposer (“to propose”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɜːpəs/, /ˈpɝpəs/, /ˈpøːpəs/, /ˈpɜ.pəs/, /ˈpɜ.poʊs/ 1. To have or set as one's purpose or aim; resolve to accomplish; intend; plan. Labels: transitive Example: 1485 – Thomas Malory. Le Morte Darthur, Book X, Chapter xxxvi, leaf 235v Soo was Alysander purposed to ryde to london by the coūceille of sire Tristram to syre Launcelot / "So was Alisander purposed to ride to London, by the counsel of Sir Tristram, to Sir Launcelot." Example: Our gracious Ancestors, however, purposed Nothing, against these their ancient and implacable Enemies, save what was necessary and indispensable, with respect to their own Preservation. 2. To have (an) intention, purpose, or design; to intend; to mean. Labels: intransitive Example: Upon my ſoul, / You may beleeve him: nor did he ere purpoſe / To me but nobly;[…] 3. To discourse. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: Whom ouertaking, ſhe in merry ſort Them gan to bord, and purpoſe diuerſly,[…] Example: Wherein, as yee heape vp the names of a number of men not vnworthy to bee had in honour; ſo there are a number whom when yee mention, although it ſerue yee to purpoſe with the ignorant and vulgar ſort, who meaſure by tale and not by waight, yet ſurely they who know what qualitie and value the men are of, will thinke yee drawe very neare the dregs.
Word: justification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English justificacioun, justification, from Middle French justification, from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem < iustificatio, from iustifico, from Latin iustus. Pronunciation: /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, /ˌd͡ʒɐstɪfɪˈkæɪʃən/, /ˌd͡ʒɐstəfəˈkæɪʃən/ 1. A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence. Labels: countable Example: The growing use of social media to spread anger and dissent in the Arab world has been hailed by western governments as one of the chief justifications for a completely unfettered internet. The US is reportedly funding the secret rollout of technology in Iran in an effort to undermine internet censors in the country. 2. The forgiveness of sin. Labels: uncountable Example: […] to articulate a common understanding of our justification by God’s grace through faith in Christ. 3. The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification). Labels: uncountable
Word: situation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English situacioun, situacion, from Middle French situation, from Medieval Latin situatio (“position, situation”), from situare (“to locate, place”), from Latin situs (“a site”). By surface analysis, situate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌsɪt.juːˈeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌsɪt.juːˈeɪ.ʃn̩], /ˌsɪt.juˈeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌsɪt.juˈeɪ.ʃn̩], /ˌsɪ.t͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪ.ʃən/ 1. The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs. Example: The United States is in an awkward situation with debt default looming. Example: Then we relapsed into a discomfited silence, and wished we were anywhere else. But Miss Thorn relieved the situation by laughing aloud, and with such a hearty enjoyment that instead of getting angry and more mortified we began to laugh ourselves, and instantly felt better. 2. The way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings. Example: The Botanical Gardens are in a delightful situation on the river bank. Example: […]he being naturally an underground animal by birth and breeding, the situation of Badger's house exactly suited him and made him feel at home; while the Rat, who slept every night in a bedroom the windows of which opened on a breezy river, naturally felt the atmosphere still and oppressive. 3. The place in which something is situated; a location. Example: […] one of the most pleasant situations in America. With the exception of one melancholy season, no town in the union, of its size, has had a greater share of the inestimable blessing of health. Example: [Hibíscus] speciòsus is the most splendid, and deserves a situation in every garden. 4. Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances. 5. A position of employment; a post. Labels: UK Example: ‘Let me hear another sound from you,’ said Scrooge, ‘and you’ll keep your Christmas by losing your situation! Example: When he was nineteen, he suddenly left the 'Co-op' office, and got a situation in Nottingham. 6. A difficult or unpleasant set of circumstances; a problem. Example: Boss, we've got a situation here… 7. An individual movie theater. Labels: US Example: This survey includes all key situations (including Paramount Gulf Theaters) as well as suburban runs and small-town situations. Example: […] Craterian theatre, with a full-scale advance campaign and preliminary screenings held for opinion-makers. Results and reactions will be closely studied and, if popular, the idea will be extended to other situations. 8. An outfit, garment, or look. Labels: slang Example: She is working some sort of amazing burgundy chiffon situation with gold piping.
Word: cumulative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.? Latin cumulus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin cumulō Latin cumulātusbor. English cumulate Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Old French -ifbor. Middle English -yf English -ive English cumulative From cumulate + -ive. Compare also French cumulatif, Italian cumulativo and Spanish cumulativo. Pronunciation: /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/, /ˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪtɪv/ 1. Incorporating all current and previous data up to the present or at the time of measuring or collating. 2. That is formed by an accumulation of successive additions. Example: As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is cumulative, not original. Example: The argument […] is in very truth not logical and single, but moral and cumulative. 3. That is formed by an accumulation of successive additions. Example: cumulative conjunctions like and, both…and and as well as 4. That tends to accumulate. 5. Having priority rights to receive a dividend that accrue until paid. 6. (of evidence, witnesses, etc.) Intended to illustrate an argument that has already been demonstrated excessively. Example: The state wants to bring in ten blood-spatter experts to testify. Your Honor, that is cumulative testimony.