Word: sugar Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā) Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara)bor. Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar)bor. Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor. Old Italian zuccherobor. Old French çucrebor. Middle English sugre English sugar Inherited from Middle English sugre, borrowed from Old French çucre, borrowed from Old Italian zucchero, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar), borrowed from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”). Akin to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebble”), whence the words crocodile and krokodil are derived. Doublet of jaggery and sucro-. The verb is from Middle English sugren, from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈʃʊɡə/, /ˈʃɵɡə/, /ˈʃʊɡɚ/, /ˈʃʉɡəɾ/, /ˈʃʉɡəɻ/ 1. A food consisting of small, sweet crystals, principally of sucrose, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used as sweetener and preservative. Labels: uncountable Example: To a pound of gooseberries take a pound and a half of double-refined sugar. Clarify the sugar with water, a pint to a pound of sugar, and when the syrup is cold, put the gooseberries single in your preserving pan, put the syrup to them, and set them on a gentle fire. Example: There appears to be no prospect of success in attempting to combat the crisis by international arrangement, and any improvement in sugar prices can only be looked for from a diminution of the production, either as a consequence of deficient crops, or of a reduction in manufacture. 2. Any specific variety of sugar. Labels: countable Example: The experience of sugar planters in Louisiana this year in holding their sugars in warehouse for future sales at better prices has revealed again, as it has done heretofore, the fact that the presence of moisture in the sugars is inimical to their maintaining their standard of quality 3. Any of various small, water-soluble carbohydrates such as are used by organisms for energy and various other purposes. Labels: countable Example: At the end of the second week there were less reducing sugars in the unpruned plants than in the previous week, but those in the pruned plants were the same. Example: Generally speaking, plants have a much greater variety of sugars and linkages than animal tissues have. 4. A small serving of this substance (typically about one teaspoon), used to sweeten a drink. Labels: countable Example: He usually has his coffee white with one sugar. Example: “A slice of lemon and two sugars, please.” “You needn't have said that. I know how you like your tea. I know how you like everything.” 5. A bowl or other container of sugar. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Pass the sugar, please 6. A term of endearment. Labels: countable Example: I'll be with you in a moment, sugar. Example: Sugar, ah honey honey / You are my candy girl / And you've got me wanting you 7. Affection shown by kisses or kissing. Labels: slang, uncountable Example: Gimme some sugar, baby. 8. Effeminacy in a male, often implying homosexuality. Labels: Southern, US, slang, uncountable Example: I think John has a little bit of sugar in him. Example: There are depths and heights of beauty in him beyond tears - but there is no sugar, not even any honey. 9. Diabetes. Labels: informal, uncountable Example: One respondent said that he had been told by his doctor that he had 'sugar' and diabetes, thus affirming for him the distinctiveness of the two illnesses. The distinction made sense to some of them as the relationship between diabetes and 'sugar' seemed to relate to their experiences of the West Indies, where 'sugar' was believed to be rare and diabetes common. Example: The veterinarian said his real problem was that he had sugar, and not to concentrate on the problem with his eyes. 10. Anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance, especially in chemistry. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: Sugar of lead (lead acetate) is a poisonous white crystalline substance with a sweet taste. Example: Mons. Lemery is of Opinion that Sweetness proceeds from a close Mixture of an Acid with a Sulphur, or with an Oyl that temperates and corrects it; he supports his Conjecture by the instance of Sugar of Saturn, so called from its Sweetness, which is Lead, a Metal insipid in its self, but very Sulphureous, dissolved by an Acid. 11. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. Labels: countable, uncountable 12. Heroin. Labels: US, slang, uncountable 13. Money. Labels: US, dated, slang, uncountable 14. Syntactic sugar. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: However, this bookkeeping is much less local syntax and sugar.