Word: pan Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *pannǭ Proto-West Germanic *pannā Old English panne Middle English panne English pan From Middle English panne, from Old English panne, from Proto-West Germanic *pannā, from Proto-Germanic *pannǭ. Further origin uncertain. Alois Walde firstly suggests that it might be from Late Latin panna, from Latin patina (“broad, shallow dish, pan, stewpan”), from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē, “kind of flat dish”), which is probably from Pre-Greek. But the sound shifting from /patina/ → /patna/ → /panna/ raises questions as -tn- to -nn- is rarely seen in Latin. The mainstream theory as of now (Friedrich Kluge, Julius Pokorny, Guus Kroonen) suggests that it is from Late Latin panna. But its sparse attestation only in the frontier inscriptions and not widespread in most Romance languages raises doubts among a few scholars (notably Michiel de Vaan), being skeptical about its origin, and open for any interpretations (Oxford English Dictionary). Vladmir Orel, in his work Albanian Etymological Dictionary, suggests that both Proto-Germanic *pannǭ and Late Latin panna could be from a non-IE Mediterranean substrate word, considering that classical Latin attestations are scarce and distributed in a specific region, and Proto-Germanic loanwords from non-IE substrates often include agricultural terms, seafaring vocabulary, or animal names. Although, this substrate hypothesis is controversial and most scholars remain skeptical about it. Cognate with West Frisian panne, Saterland Frisian Ponne, Dutch pan, German Low German Panne, Pann, German Pfanne, Danish pande, Swedish panna, Icelandic panna. Pronunciation: /pæn/, /pan/, [peə̯n] ~ [pɛə̯n], /pæːn/, [peːn] 1. A wide, flat receptacle used around the house, especially for cooking. 2. The contents of such a receptacle. 3. A cylindrical receptacle about as tall as it is wide, with one long handle, usually made of metal, used for cooking in the home. 4. A deep plastic receptacle, used for washing or food preparation; a basin. Labels: Ireland 5. A wide receptacle in which gold grains are separated from gravel by washing the contents with water. 6. An expanse of level land located in a depression, especially 7. An expanse of level land located in a depression, especially Labels: South-Africa, especially 8. An expanse of level land located in a depression, especially Labels: South-Africa 9. An expanse of level land located in a depression, especially Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 10. Ellipsis of hardpan: a hard substrate such as is formed in pans. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 11. Synonym of pipe: a channel for lava within a volcano; the cylindrical remains of such channels. Labels: South-Africa, obsolete 12. Strong adverse criticism. Example: The notices The Gallery received, while hardly pans, were only mixed. 13. A loaf of bread; a pan-loaf. Labels: Ireland 14. The chamber pot in a close stool; (now) the base of a toilet, consisting of the bowl and its support. Labels: obsolete 15. A bedpan. Example: 1977-1980, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure She yanks the pan out from under me & it spills all over the bed. Then she's got to change the sheets! Unreal. 16. A human face, a mug. Labels: slang Example: "He's a foreign-looking guy with thinnish black hair and a meaty sort of pan." Example: Dave and I have parted company, and I hope I never see his junky pan again. 17. The bottom flat part of a roofing panel that is between the ribs of the panel. 18. A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating as part of manufacture; a vacuum pan. 19. The part of a matchlock, flintlock, or wheellock firearm that holds the priming. Example: Holonym: firearm Example: flash in the pan 20. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the brainpan. 21. The brain, seen as one's intellect. Labels: figuratively Example: 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Friar's Tale, Unto the devil rough and black of hue Give I thy body and my pan also." 22. A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge. 23. Ellipsis of steelpan. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: The steel band transforms the people who play in it and dance to it, and fosters links between them. […] He learned to play the pan and filled in for absent members.