nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: ice Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-der. Proto-Germanic *īsą Proto-West Germanic *īs Old English īs Middle English is English ice From Middle English hyse, hyys, ice, ijs, is, yce, ys, yys, from Old English īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian Iis, is (“ice”), Saterland Frisian Ies (“ice”), West Frisian iis (“ice”), Alemannic German Iis, isch, éisch (“ice”), Bavarian, Cimbrian, and Mòcheno ais (“ice”), Dutch ijs (“ice”), German Eis (“ice”), German Low German Ies (“ice”), Luxembourgish Äis (“ice”), Vilamovian ajs (“ice”), Yiddish אײַז (ayz, “ice”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish is (“ice”), Elfdalian ais (“ice”), Faroese ísur (“ice”), Icelandic ís (“ice”); also Cornish yey (“ice”), yeyn (“cold”), Irish oighear (“ice”), Scottish Gaelic deigh, eigh, eighre (“ice”), Welsh iâ (“ice”), Lithuanian ýnis (“hoar frost”), Bulgarian and Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoar frost”), Czech jíní (“frost”), Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian и́ње (“hoar frost”), Ukrainian і́ній (ínij, “hoar frost, rime”), Ossetian их (ix, “ice”), Armenian եղյամ (eġyam, “frost, hoar frost, rime”), Persian یخ (yax, “ice”), Hittite 𒂊𒃷 (“ice”). Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”). Pronunciation: /aɪs/, [ʌɪs] 1. To become ice; to freeze. Labels: intransitive 2. To cool with ice, as an injured body part or a beverage. Labels: transitive Example: To treat runner's knee, you need to rest from running or any other high-impact activity, ice the knee, and strengthen the quadriceps through weight training. 3. To make icy; to freeze. Labels: transitive Example: The bridge ices before the road. 4. To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc. Labels: transitive 5. To put out a team for a match. Labels: transitive Example: Milton Keynes have yet to ice a team this season 6. To shoot the puck the length of the playing surface, causing a stoppage in play called icing. Labels: transitive Example: If the Bruins ice the puck, the faceoff will be in their own zone. 7. To murder. Labels: slang, transitive Example: Not long afterwards Wolf rings him up. 'I want you to ice someone for £15,000, he says. "No one you know." 8. To defeat decisively. Labels: slang, transitive Example: Despite his vulnerabilities, Clinton managed to ice Dole in his 1996 reelection campaign for President.
Word: polynya Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Russian полынья́ (polynʹjá, “polynya”) in the 1850s, from Middle Russian полыньѧ (polynʹja) (att. in 1639), from полыи (polyi, “open from above, uncovered; hollow”), whence also Russian полый (polyj, “hollow”), from Old East Slavic полъ (polŭ, “uncovered”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). The rare plural form polynyi is borrowed from Russian полыньи́ (polynʹí). Pronunciation: /pə(ʊ)ˈlɪnjə/, /pəˈlɪnjə/, /ˌpɑlənˈjɑ/ 1. A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. Example: We immediately ascended a hill, and saw that the supposed land was nothing but hummocks of ice, piled up beyond a large Polynia, or space of open water, which extended from east to west, as far as the eye could reach. Example: Hoping to reach the starting-place in the early season of navigation, he intends to follow his course of travel nearly upon a meridional line, which would, it is believed, lead him to the Polynya—a mare liberum, or such, comparatively speaking—within its formidable borderings of the thick-ribbed ice.
Word: lake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Arose from a conflation of * Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”), from Old English lacu (“stream, pool, pond, lake”), from Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, body of water", originally "a place where water runs off and collects”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”); with * Middle English lac (“lake”), from Old French lac (“lake, ditch, pit”), a borrowed term, likely from Latin lacus (“lake, tub, vat”) (see Old French lac for more). The first element is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle, pool”), Norwegian løk (“a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river”), Faroese løkur (“small brook”) and lækja (“water hole, well, watershoot in a brook”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”). Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old English lacu is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”). Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. A large, landlocked stretch of water or similar liquid. Example: Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days' cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair. Example: These included other Niphargus species from deep cave lakes and coastal anchihaline caves [23 ] and Gammarus and Echinogammarus amphipods that live only in permanently watered streams [21 ,24 ]. 2. A large amount of liquid. Example: a lake of wine Example: So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline? 3. A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain. Labels: dialectal 4. A pit, or ditch. Labels: obsolete
Word: lake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Northern Middle English lake, lak, lac (also laik, layke; Southern loke), from Old English lāc (“play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message”), from Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”). Cognate with Old High German leih (“song, melody, music”), Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”). Doublet of lek. Verb form partly from Middle English laken, from Old English lacan, from Proto-Germanic *laikaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. More at lay, -lock. Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. An offering, sacrifice, gift. Labels: obsolete 2. Play; sport; game; fun; glee. Labels: dialectal
Word: lake Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Northern Middle English lake, lak, lac (also laik, layke; Southern loke), from Old English lāc (“play, sport, strife, battle, sacrifice, offering, gift, present, booty, message”), from Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz (“game, dance, hymn, sport”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”). Cognate with Old High German leih (“song, melody, music”), Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”). Doublet of lek. Verb form partly from Middle English laken, from Old English lacan, from Proto-Germanic *laikaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg-. More at lay, -lock. Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. To present an offering. Labels: obsolete 2. To leap, jump, exert oneself; to play. Labels: Northern, UK, dialectal Example: The agent was of course the Boggart, and it soon became their sport (which they called laking with Boggart) to put the shoe-horn into the hole and have it shot back at them. 3. To subject biological cells to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing until lysis.
Word: lake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English lake, from Old English *lacen or Middle Dutch laken; both from Proto-Germanic *lakaną (“linen; cloth; sheet”). Cognate with Dutch lake (“linen”), Dutch laken (“linen; bedsheet”), German Laken, Danish lagan, Swedish lakan, Icelandic lak, lakan. Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. A kind of fine, white linen. Labels: obsolete
Word: lake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French laque (“lacquer”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lac and lacquer. Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. In dyeing and painting, an often fugitive crimson or vermilion pigment derived from an organic colorant (cochineal or madder, for example) and an inorganic, generally metallic mordant. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The colour scheme of the North British Railway—dark gamboge for the engines and lake for the coaches—looked very smart when new and clean, but these shades did not possess good wearing qualities. Example: Jeremiah found himself indoors, perfecting his Draftsmanship, bending all day over the work-table, grinding and mixing his own Inks,— siftings and splashes ev'rywhere of King's Yellow, Azure, red Orpiment, Indian lake, Verdigris, Indigo, and Umber. 2. In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The name of a lake prepared by extending the aluminum salt prepared from FD&C Blue No. 1 upon the substratum would be FD&C Blue No. 1--Aluminum Lake.
Word: lake Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From French laque (“lacquer”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lac and lacquer. Pronunciation: /leɪk/, /læɪk/, /lek/, /leːk/ 1. To make lake-red.
Word: southern Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English southerne, sothern, sutherne, from Old English sūþerne (“southern, southerly, coming from the south; of southern make”), from Proto-Germanic *sunþrōnijaz (“southern”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-, *sh₂wen-, r/n-stem alternation of *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Scots southron, sudron (“southern”), Old Frisian sūthern, sūdern (“southern”), Middle Low German sūdern (“southern”), Middle High German sundern (“southern”), Icelandic suðrænn (“southern, tropical”). By surface analysis, south + -ern. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌðən/, /ˈsʌðɚn/, /ˈsaʊðɚn/, /ˈsaʊ.təɹn/ 1. Of, facing, situated in, or related to the south. 2. Of or pertaining to a southern region, especially Southern Europe or the southern United States. Example: The southern climate. Example: From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much.[…] But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip. 3. Of a wind: blowing from the south; southerly.
Word: southern Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English southerne, sothern, sutherne, from Old English sūþerne (“southern, southerly, coming from the south; of southern make”), from Proto-Germanic *sunþrōnijaz (“southern”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-, *sh₂wen-, r/n-stem alternation of *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Scots southron, sudron (“southern”), Old Frisian sūthern, sūdern (“southern”), Middle Low German sūdern (“southern”), Middle High German sundern (“southern”), Icelandic suðrænn (“southern, tropical”). By surface analysis, south + -ern. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌðən/, /ˈsʌðɚn/, /ˈsaʊðɚn/, /ˈsaʊ.təɹn/ 1. Synonym of southerner. Example: Force prevails most with the northerns, reason with the inhabitants of a temperate or middle climate, superstition with the southerns; thus astrology, magic, and all mysterious sciences have come from the Chaldeans and Egyptians. Example: The peace which the French leaguers made soon after with Louis XL, for money and offices, did not satisfy the southerns, whose views in this patriotic war had been wholly different.
Word: sovereign Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. Doublet of souverain. See also suzerain, foreign. Pronunciation: /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑvɚn/ 1. Exercising power of rule. Example: sovereign nation 2. Exceptional in quality. Example: Her voice was her sovereign talent. 3. Extremely potent or effective (of a medicine, remedy etc.). Labels: archaic Example: The ſoueraigne weede betwixt two marbles plaine She pownded ſmall, and did in peeces bruze, And then atweene her lilly handes twaine, Into his wound the iuyce thereof did ſcruze […] Example: […] God save the mark!— And telling me the sovereign’st thing on earth Was parmaceti for an inward bruise; 4. Having supreme, ultimate power. Example: Gentlemen, may I introduce Her Royal Highness, the Sovereign and Most Imperial Majesty, Empress Elizabeth of Vicron. Example: You're the keeper of the castle So be a father to your children The provider of all their daily needs Like a sovereign Lord protector Be their destiny's director And they'll do well to follow where you lead. 5. Princely; royal. Example: You pity not the state, nor the remembrance of his most sovereign name. 6. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount. Example: We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.
Word: sovereign Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. Doublet of souverain. See also suzerain, foreign. Pronunciation: /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑvɚn/ 1. A monarch; the ruler of a country. Example: The petty ſtreames that paie a dailie det To their ſalt ſoveraigne with their freſh fals haſt, Adde to his flowe, but alter not his taſt. Example: Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime, Said then the lost Archangel, this the seat That we must change for Heaven?, this mournful gloom For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid What shall be right : fardest from him is best Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream Above his equals. […] 2. One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation. 3. One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: A loose network of perhaps tens of thousands of far-right antigovernment extremists, sovereigns share certain conspiratorial beliefs and, sometimes, a desire to profit off a government whose legitimacy they deny. 4. A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin. 5. A former Australian gold coin, minted from 1855–1931, of one pound value. 6. A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 25 liters, equivalent to 33+¹⁄₃ standard bottles. 7. Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalini, or genus Basilarchia, eg., ursula, viceroy. 8. A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring. Labels: UK, slang Example: No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’. Example: No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.
Word: sovereign Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. Doublet of souverain. See also suzerain, foreign. Pronunciation: /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/, /ˈsɑvɚn/ 1. To rule over as a sovereign. Labels: transitive
Word: spaceman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin spatiumbor. Old French espace Anglo-Norman spacebor. Middle English space English space Proto-Indo-European *mon- Proto-Germanic *mann- Proto-West Germanic *mann Old English mann Middle English man Middle English -man English -man English spaceman From space + -man. Pronunciation: /ˈspeɪsˌmæn/ 1. An astronaut, often a male astronaut. Labels: childish, informal Example: I want to be a spaceman when I grow up. 2. A humanoid extraterrestrial. Labels: informal Example: A spaceman from Mars could easily pick out the most civilized nations here. They are the only ones who know how to make atom bombs. Example: While in Los Angeles he was contacted by a spaceman from Saturn whose name was Ramu[…]
Word: spaceship Part of Speech: noun Etymology: * space + ship * (programming operator): From its resemblance to the shape of a flying saucer. 1. A manned vehicle that flies through space. 2. A finite pattern that reappears after a certain number of generations in the same orientation but in a different position. Example: The spaceships look like a row of threshers harvesting a field of wheat; the thickness in the direction of motion is only about 10 cells. Example: We describe software that searches for spaceships in Conway's Game of Life and related two-dimensional cellular automata. 3. The operator <=> in certain programming languages, which compares two values and indicates whether the first is lesser than, greater than, or equal to the second. Example: If we reverse the positions of $a and $b, the spaceship will sort in the opposite order[…] 4. A computer. Labels: slang
Word: spacecraft Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin spatiumbor. Old French espace Anglo-Norman spacebor. Middle English space English space Proto-Germanic *krafjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *kraftuz Proto-West Germanic *kraftu Old English cræft Middle English craft English craft English -craft English spacecraft From space + -craft. Pronunciation: /ˈspeɪsˌkɹæft/ 1. A vehicle that travels through space. Example: Today, Velcro is used for everything from keeping astronauts from floating off the floor of their spacecrafts to keeping artificial hearts in place, as well as the more mundane tasks of fastening clothing. Example: The object appeared after a series of routine prelanding procedures in which the crew tested the steering jets, a test that often shakes loose objects from the spacecraft.
Word: space station Part of Speech: noun 1. A crewed artificial satellite designed for long-term habitation, research, etc.
Word: space travel Part of Speech: noun 1. travel through or into space Labels: uncountable
Word: sophistication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sophisticacion, sophisticacioun, sophisticacoun, from Old French sofisticacion, sophisticacion, from Medieval Latin sophisticātiōnis. By surface analysis, sophisticate + -ion. Pronunciation: /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1. Enlightenment or education. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Cultivated intellectual worldliness; savoir-faire. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Deceptive logic; sophistry. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Falsification, contamination. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Complexity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The police force were unable to deal with the sophistication of the criminal network. Example: Appetizers ($3.50-$7.95) show Mi Casa's edge in sophistication for a restaurant of its type. 6. Ability to deal with complexity. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. The act of sophisticating; adulteration. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: the sophistication of drugs Example: how generally they [drugs] are adulterated by the fraudulent avarice of the feller ; especially when the sophistication is very gainful
Word: twang Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Compare Middle English twengen (“to pinch, tweak”) (whence modern English twinge), from Old English twenġan (“to pinch, twinge”); Middle English twingen (“to afflict, torment, oppress”), from Old Norse þvinga (“to weigh down, oppress”); Old English twingan (“to force, press”). Pronunciation: /ˈtwæŋ/, [ˈtʰwæŋ], /ˈtweɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈtʰweɪ̯ŋ] ~ /ˈtwɛ̃ŋ/, [ˈtʰwɛ̃ŋ] 1. The sharp, quick sound of a vibrating tight string, for example, of a bow or a musical instrument. Example: Let me give you in rude recitation, with here and there a twang and a caper of the guitar-strings, my vision of the Cid's sally from his besieged castle of Alcocer—the first outburst of that Spanish deluge that never receded till it rose over the dead body of the last Moor. 2. A particular sharp vibrating sound characteristic of electric guitars. 3. A trace of a regional or foreign accent in someone's voice. Example: Despite having lived in Canada for 20 years, he still has that Eastern European twang in his voice. Example: A few insinuated that the American was not first-rate in Shakespeare, and one or two snidely detected a twang of the backwoods in his accent; […] 4. The sound quality that appears in the human voice when the epilaryngeal tube is narrowed. Example: Near-synonym: nasality Example: nasal twang 5. A sharp, pungent taste or flavor; sometimes, a disagreeable one specifically. Example: spicy twang Example: Buttermilk also tastes different today. What do people do when they make buttermilk for the public that gives buttermilk that twang taste? Do these people put milk in an aging tank to mature like wine in a place where air and germs can't get to it? 6. An annoying or stupid person; especially, a recalcitrant. Labels: slang, vulgar
Word: twang Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Compare Middle English twengen (“to pinch, tweak”) (whence modern English twinge), from Old English twenġan (“to pinch, twinge”); Middle English twingen (“to afflict, torment, oppress”), from Old Norse þvinga (“to weigh down, oppress”); Old English twingan (“to force, press”). Pronunciation: /ˈtwæŋ/, [ˈtʰwæŋ], /ˈtweɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈtʰweɪ̯ŋ] ~ /ˈtwɛ̃ŋ/, [ˈtʰwɛ̃ŋ] 1. To produce or cause to produce a sharp vibrating sound, like a tense string pulled and suddenly let go. Labels: ambitransitive 2. To have a nasal sound. Labels: intransitive 3. To have a trace of a regional or foreign accent. Labels: intransitive 4. To play a stringed musical instrument by plucking and snapping.
Word: drawl Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From a modern frequentative form of draw, equivalent to draw + -le. Compare draggle. Compare also Dutch dralen (“to drag out, delay, linger, tarry, dawdle”), Old Danish dravle (“to linger, loiter”), Icelandic dralla (“to loiter, linger”). Pronunciation: /dɹɔːl/, /dɹɔl/, /dɹɑl/ 1. To drag on slowly and heavily; to dawdle or while away time indolently. Labels: transitive 2. To utter or pronounce in a dull, spiritless tone, as if by dragging out the utterance. Labels: transitive 3. To move slowly and heavily; to move in a dull, slow, lazy manner. Labels: intransitive Example: Tush, tush, Tarleton, Kemp, nor Singer, nor all the litter of Fooles that now come drawling behinde them, neuer plaid the Clownes more naturally then the arrantest Sot of you all, shall, if hee will but boyle my Instructions in his brainepan. Example: Looke what leysure the old bearded Bawd takes / How softly she goes / How one leg comes drawling after another / Now she has her money, her armes are broken. 4. To speak with a slow, spiritless utterance, as from affectation, laziness, or lack of interest. Labels: intransitive Example: talk sometimes a pestilence , and sometimes a hero , mostly in a drawling and dreaming way about it
Word: drawl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From a modern frequentative form of draw, equivalent to draw + -le. Compare draggle. Compare also Dutch dralen (“to drag out, delay, linger, tarry, dawdle”), Old Danish dravle (“to linger, loiter”), Icelandic dralla (“to loiter, linger”). Pronunciation: /dɹɔːl/, /dɹɔl/, /dɹɑl/ 1. A way of speaking slowly while lengthening vowel sounds and running words together, characteristic of some Southern US accents, as well as Broad Australian, Broad New Zealand, and Scots.
Word: decline Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English declinen, and ultimately Latin declīnō (“to bend, turn aside, deflect, inflect, decline”, from dē- (“down”) + clīnō (“to bend, to incline”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (English lean). The senses arrived from two separate pathways in Middle English: * The grammatical sense came from Old English declīnian, which was borrowed directly from the Latin etymon. * All senses except the grammatical sense were derived from those of Old French decliner. Old French itself borrowed the verb from Latin. Pronunciation: /dɪˈklaɪn/ 1. Downward movement, fall. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The aircraft went into a sudden decline before the pilot regained control. 2. A sloping downward, e.g. of a hill or road. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: After taking a right from that turn a decline will come into view. 3. A deterioration of condition; a weakening or worsening. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He has experienced a sudden decline in his health. Example: Educational standards are on the decline. 4. A reduction or diminution of activity, prevalence or quantity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Population decline is a major concern. Example: Town-centre retailers have seen a decline in footfall. 5. The act of declining or refusing something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The issuing bank only checks the consumer's credit card number for authorization. […] Soft declines are those declines in which the bank requires further verification.
Word: decline Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English declinen, and ultimately Latin declīnō (“to bend, turn aside, deflect, inflect, decline”, from dē- (“down”) + clīnō (“to bend, to incline”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (English lean). The senses arrived from two separate pathways in Middle English: * The grammatical sense came from Old English declīnian, which was borrowed directly from the Latin etymon. * All senses except the grammatical sense were derived from those of Old French decliner. Old French itself borrowed the verb from Latin. Pronunciation: /dɪˈklaɪn/ 1. To move downwards, to fall, to drop. Labels: intransitive Example: The dollar has declined rapidly since 2001. 2. To become weaker or worse. Labels: intransitive Example: My health declined in winter. Example: After her sother died, Connie began to decline noticeably. 3. To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall. Labels: transitive Example: in melancholy site, with head declined Example: And now faire Phoebus gan decline in hast / His weary wagon to the Westerne vale. 4. To cause to decrease or diminish. Labels: transitive Example: You have declin'd his means. Example: He knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it. 5. To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw. Example: a line that declines from straightness Example: conduct that declines from sound morals 6. To choose not to do something; refuse, forbear, refrain. Labels: transitive Example: Could I decline this dreadful hour? Example: “[…] This is Mr. Churchill, who, as you are aware, is good enough to come to us for his diaconate, and, as we hope, for much longer; and being a gentleman of independent means, he declines to take any payment.” Saying this Walden rubbed his hands together and smiled contentedly. 7. To inflect for case, number, gender, and the like. Labels: transitive, usually 8. To recite all the different declined forms of (a word): to recite its declension. Labels: transitive Example: after the first declining of a noun and a verb 9. To run through from first to last; to recite in order as though declining a noun. Labels: broadly Example: Decline all this, and see what now thou art. For happy wife, a most distressed widow; For joyful mother, one that wails the name; For one being sued to, one that humbly sues; For queen , a very caitiff crown'd with care[…] 10. To reject a penalty against the opposing team, usually because the result of accepting it would benefit the non-penalized team less than the preceding play. Labels: Canadian Example: The team chose to decline the fifteen-yard penalty because their receiver had caught the ball for a thirty-yard gain.
Word: kek Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Borrowed from Korean ㅋㅋㅋ (keukeukeu, “haha”, representation of laughter). Since this is often used in StarCraft matches, Blizzard, StarCraft’s developers, decided to reference it in World of Warcraft: when a player of the Horde faction types "lol" using the /say messaging command, members of the opposing faction see it as "kek". Not related to "kik", a typo of "lol". Pronunciation: /kɛk/ 1. Used to indicate laughter or humour. Labels: Internet Example: Now Freakie boy, for a tasty doggie biscuit, can you try saying that again without any grammatical error? kek kek kek kek kek Example: Top kek. I can't believe Apple would derp like THAT, at least the Apple of the mid-1980s.
Word: kek Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Korean ㅋㅋㅋ (keukeukeu, “haha”, representation of laughter). Since this is often used in StarCraft matches, Blizzard, StarCraft’s developers, decided to reference it in World of Warcraft: when a player of the Horde faction types "lol" using the /say messaging command, members of the opposing faction see it as "kek". Not related to "kik", a typo of "lol". Pronunciation: /kɛk/ 1. To laugh. Labels: Internet, transitive
Word: joned Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of jone Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: acorn Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógr̥der.? Proto-Germanic *akraną Proto-West Germanic *akarn Old English æcern ▲ Middle English corninflu. Middle English acorn English acorn Inherited from Middle English acorn, an alteration (after corn) of earlier *akern, from Old English æcern (“acorn, oak-mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *akarn, from Proto-Germanic *akraną (“fruit; acorn, nut”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égrō (“berry”). Cognates Cognate with Scots aicorn (“acorn”), Dutch aker (“acorn”), German Ecker (“acorn”), Danish agern (“acorn”), Faroese and Icelandic akarn (“acorn”), Norwegian Nynorsk åkorn (“acorn”), Gothic 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 (akran, “fruit”); Irish airne (“sloe”), Welsh aeron (“berries; small fruits”), eirin (“plums”), Latgalian ūga (“berry”), Latvian oga (“berry”), Lithuanian uoga (“berry”), Belarusian я́гада (jáhada, “berry”), Bulgarian, Russian, and Ukrainian я́года (jáhoda, “berry”), Czech and Slovak jahoda (“strawberry”), Macedonian ја́года (jágoda, “strawberry”), Polish and Slovene jagoda (“berry”), Serbo-Croatian ја̏года, jȁgoda (“strawberry”), Tocharian A and Tocharian B oko (“fruit”). Not related to Old English āc (“oak”), corn (“corn, seed”) or Middle English acquerne. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.kɔɹn/, /ˈeɪkɚn/, /ˈeɪ.kɔːn/ 1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule. 2. A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head. 3. See acorn-shell. 4. The glans penis. Labels: informal Example: The Romans, likewise, represented the uncouth Priapus—the god of rustic fertility and sexual assault—as comically well endowed, with his acorn showing. 5. A testicle. Labels: plural-normally, slang
Word: acolyte Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English acolite, acolit, from Old French acolyt and Late Latin acolythus, from Ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos, “follower, attendant”). Pronunciation: /ˈæk.ə.laɪt/, [ˈæk.ə.lɐɪt], /ˈæk.ə.lɑet/, /ˈɛk.ə.laɪt/, [ˈɛk.ə.lɑe̯t] 1. One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass. 2. An altar server. Example: The kneeling acolyte chimed a sacring-bell, and the congregation bent and swayed like a wheat-field swept scross by sudden wind. 3. An attendant, assistant, or follower. Example: “Apparently, one of Milius's acolytes spends a lot of time at the top of that huge, dangerous mountain. Better get climbing.” “(groans) Oh.”
Word: acotyledon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English cotyledon English acotyledon From a- (“not”) + cotyledon (“cup-shaped”). Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.kɔt.l̩.iːdˌn̩/ 1. A plant that has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.
Word: acknowledgement Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of acknowledgment. Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable
Word: acoustics Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Old English -as Middle English -es English -s English acoustics From acoustic + -s. Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪks/ 1. The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws. Labels: uncountable Example: "Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very consderable branch of physics, and one which has been cultivated from the earliest ages. 2. The properties of a space that affect how sound carries. Labels: uncountable Example: The acoustics in the opera house gave the whole concert a spooky sound.
Word: acoustics Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Old English -as Middle English -es English -s English acoustics From acoustic + -s. Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪks/ 1. plural of acoustic Labels: form-of, plural
Word: acoustically Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *-ê Proto-Germanic *-līkê Proto-West Germanic *-līkē Old English -līċe Middle English -ly Middle English -ally English -ally ▲ English acoustic ▲ Middle English -al English -al English acoustical ▲ Middle English -ly English -ly English acoustically From acoustic + -ally, or from acoustical + -ly. 1. In an acoustic manner, or using an acoustic musical instrument. Labels: not-comparable Example: Very little research has, however, directly examined the limitations of native perception, especially for contrasts that are only minimally differentiated acoustically and articulatorily. 2. From the perspective of acoustics. Labels: not-comparable
Word: acoustical Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English acoustical From acoustic + -al. Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪk.əl/ 1. Of or pertaining to hearing or acoustics. Labels: not-comparable
Word: acoustic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Borrowed from Medieval Latin acousticus, acūsticus, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjectival suffix). Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪk/, /əˈku.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stək/ 1. Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds. Labels: not-comparable 2. Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds. Labels: not-comparable 3. Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds. Labels: not-comparable 4. Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof. Labels: not-comparable Example: acoustic guitar, acoustic piano Example: Coordinate term: unplugged 5. Nonelectric; mechanical or otherwise basic. Labels: humorous, not-comparable, proscribed Example: acoustic bike Example: KEY: I've had a banana in banana cake. WATSON: But you haven't had a sort of acoustic banana?
Word: acoustic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Proto-Hellenic *akóuhō Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) Ancient Greek -ῐκός (-ĭkós) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓κουστῐκός (ăkoustĭkós)bor. Medieval Latin acousticusbor. English acoustic Borrowed from Medieval Latin acousticus, acūsticus, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós, “of or for hearing”), from ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, adjectival suffix). Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪk/, /əˈku.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stək/ 1. The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it. Labels: plural-normally 2. A medicine or other agent to assist hearing. 3. Clipping of acoustic guitar. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping
Word: acoustic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Due to the shared metrical structure of autistic and acoustic. Popularized on TikTok in late October 2023. Pronunciation: /əˈkuː.stɪk/, /əˈku.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stɪk/, /əˈkʉː.stək/ 1. Euphemistic form of autistic. Labels: Internet, euphemistic, form-of, humorous, offensive, sometimes Example: Implying mathematicians aren't acoustic. I'm an engineer, and even mathematicians freak me out with their autism. Example: Spinners are for severely acoustic children
Word: kanji Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 漢字(かんじ) (kanji, “Chinese characters”), from Middle Chinese 漢 (MC xanH, “Han dynasty, China”) + Middle Chinese 字 (MC dziH, “[written] character”) (Compare Korean 한자 (hanja), Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì), Vietnamese Hán tự, Hokkien 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī), Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶)). Doublet of hanja and Hanzi. Pronunciation: /ˈkænd͡ʒi/, /ˈkaːnd͡ʒi/, /ˈkɑnd͡ʒi/ 1. The system of writing Japanese using Chinese characters. Labels: uncountable Example: Japanese is written in a mixture of kanji and kana. 2. Any individual Chinese character as used in the Japanese language. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I know about a thousand kanji.
Word: kanji Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi कांजी (kāñjī). 1. A North Indian fermented drink made with beetroot, black mustard seeds, carrots etc. Labels: uncountable 2. Drink made from sugarcane vinegar. Labels: uncountable 3. Rice gruel made by fermentation of rice and tastes sour. Labels: uncountable
Word: bol Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of bolognese. 1. bolognese Labels: informal, uncountable
Word: recession Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin recessiō, from recēdō (“recede, retreat”), from re- (“back”) + cēdō (“to go”). By surface analysis, recess + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ 1. The act or an instance of receding or withdrawing. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]that light may break forth from the deepest enclosures of darkness, and mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice, and grace may triumph upon the ruin of sin, and God may be glorified in the miracles of our conversion, and the wonders of our preservation and glories of our being saved. 2. A period of low temperatures that causes a reduction in species; ice age. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Eastward in Bosnia, while the central European clime prevails, the thermic gradient does not follow the recession in the north latitude, but the elevation of the terrain. Example: Had this climate recession not occurred, the settlements might have provided the first real bridgehead into the continent of America, rather than being rediscovered by Columbus and later by Cabot. 3. A period of reduced economic activity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Statisticians often define a recession as negative real GDP growth during two consecutive quarters. Example: In past recessions, drugstores were virtually immune from a turndown. 4. The ceremonial filing out of clergy and/or choir at the end of a church service. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The act of ceding something back. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. A procedure in which an extraocular muscle is detached from the globe of the eye and reattached posteriorly. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession when angle is stable. Controversy exists regarding optimal timing of surgery. If greater than 40 prism diopter esotropia, some recommend bimedial recession with resection of one lateral rectus muscle.
Word: effect Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ef- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin efficiō Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin effectuslbor. Old French effectbor. Middle English effect English effect Of the noun: from Middle English effect, from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”); see effect as a verb. Displaced Old English fremming, fremednes from fremman. Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ef- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin efficiō Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin effectus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Medieval Latin effectuōder. Middle English effecten English effect Of the verb: from Middle English effecten, partly from Medieval Latin effectuō, from Latin effectus, perfect passive participle of efficiō (“accomplish, complete, do, effect”), from ex (“out”) + faciō (“do, make”) (see fact and compare affect, infect) and partly from the noun effect. Pronunciation: /ɪˈfɛkt/, /əˈfɛkt/, /ɪˈfekt/, /əˈfekt/, /iˈfɛkt/ 1. To make or bring about; to implement. Labels: transitive Example: The best way to effect change is to work with existing stakeholders. Example: The election has affected our society, for it has effected major changes in the government. 2. Misspelling of affect. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: door Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English dore, dor, from Old English duru (“door”), dor (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *dur, from Proto-Germanic *durz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr, from *dʰwer- (“doorway, door, gate”). Cognates Cognate with Scots door (“door”), Saterland Frisian Doore (“door”), West Frisian doar (“door”), Dutch deur (“door”), German Low German Door, Döör (“door”), German Tür (“door”), Tor (“gate”), Danish, Norn, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk dør (“door”), Swedish dörr (“door”), Faroese and Icelandic dyr (“door”), Asturian, Aragonese and Spanish fuera (“outside”), Catalan, Leonese, and Portuguese fora (“outside”), French hors (“outside”), Galician fóra (“outside”), Italian fuori (“outside”), Mirandese fuora (“outside”), Latin foris and foras (“outside”), Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), Albanian derë (“door”), Central Kurdish دەرگە (derge, “door”), Northern Kurdish derî (“door”), Persian در (dar, “door”), Belarusian дзве́ры (dzvjéry, “door”), Bulgarian две́ри (dvéri, “royal doors”), Czech dveře (“door”), Latvian durvis (“door”), Lithuanian durys (“door”), Macedonian двер (dver, “door”), Polish drzwi (“door”), Russian дверь (dverʹ), Serbo-Croatian dvȇri (“door”), dvar (“door”), Ukrainian две́рі (dvéri, “door”), Hindi द्वार (dvār, “door”), Armenian դուռ (duṙ, “door”), Irish doras (“door”), Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra, “door”). Despite similarities in spelling, not cognate with Dutch door, which is instead cognate with English through. Pronunciation: /do(ː)ɹ/, /doə/, /ɖoɾ/, /doʊ/, /ɖo/ 1. A portal of entry into a building, room, or vehicle, typically consisting of a rigid plane movable on a hinge. It may have a handle to help open and close, a latch to hold it closed, and a lock that ensures it cannot be opened without a key. Example: bathroom door, bedroom door, doorkey, exterior door, interior door Example: I knocked on the vice president's door. 2. A building with a door, especially a house. Labels: in-plural, metonymically Example: His house is three doors down. Example: He went five doors up the road to the bank. 3. Any flap, etc., that opens like a door. Example: cupboard door Example: the 24 doors in an Advent calendar 4. An entry point. 5. A means of approach or access. Labels: figuratively Example: Learning is the door to wisdom. 6. A possibility. Labels: figuratively Example: to leave the door open Example: all doors are open to somebody 7. A barrier. Labels: figuratively Example: Keep a door on your anger. 8. A software mechanism by which a user can interact with a program running remotely on a bulletin board system. See BBS door. Labels: dated 9. The proceeds from entrance fees and/or ticket sales at a venue such as a bar or nightclub, especially in relation to portion paid to the entertainers. Example: The bar owner gives each band a percentage of the door and charges customers more to get in.