Word: castle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Indo-European *ḱstrom Proto-Italic *kastrom Latin castrum Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -lum Latin castellumbor. Proto-West Germanic *kastell Old English castel Middle English castel English castle From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”). Doublet of cashel, castell, castellum, and château. Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell. The late Old English word was borrowed from biblical Latin castellum which has been translated as town or village. With the sense of castle, from Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel (“castle”), itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐌸𐌾𐍉 (hēþjō, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock. Pronunciation: /ˈkɑːsəl/, /kɑːsl̩/, /ˈkæsəl/, /kæsl̩/ 1. To house or keep in a castle. Labels: transitive Example: ...to encastle, to Castle. Example: ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak... 2. To protect or separate in a similar way. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength. 3. To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building. Labels: obsolete 4. To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling. Labels: intransitive, usually Example: He [i.e., the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke... causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side. Example: No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties. 5. To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves. Labels: intransitive, usually 6. To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over. Example: And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure. Example: He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.