Word: culture Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁eti Proto-Italic *kʷelō Latin colō Proto-Indo-European *-tew-? Proto-Indo-European *-r-eh₂? Latin -tūra Latin cultūrader. Middle French cultureder. English culture From Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, to grow, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/, [ˈkʰʌlt͡ʃə], /ˈkʊlt͡ʃə/, [ˈkʰʊlt͡ʃə], /ˈkəlt͡ʃə/ 1. The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Castration of bulls was a socialization process that turned a bull into an ox; in this transformation something wild became something very useful; nature became culture. Example: Such differences of history and culture have lingering consequences. Almost all the corn and soyabeans grown in America are genetically modified. GM crops are barely tolerated in the European Union. Both America and Europe offer farmers indefensible subsidies, but with different motives. 2. The beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I condemn neither way; but culture works differently. It does not try to teach down to the level of inferior classes; it does not try to win them for this or that sect of its own, with ready-made judgments and watchwords. It seeks to do away with classes; to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere; […] 3. The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Few concepts are as emotionally charged as that of race. The word conjures up a mixture of associations—culture, ethnicity, genetics, subjugation, exclusion and persecution. 4. Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Cultivation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/suffolk/grownet/flowers/sprgbulb.htm The Culture of Spring-Flowering Bulbs 6. The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. The growth thus produced. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I'm headed to the lab to make sure my cell culture hasn't died. 8. A group of bacteria. Labels: countable, uncountable 9. The details on a map that do not represent natural features of the area delineated, such as names and the symbols for towns, roads, meridians, and parallels. Labels: countable, uncountable 10. Ellipsis of archaeological culture (“recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society”). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable 11. Ethnicity, race (and its associated arts, customs, etc.). Labels: countable, euphemistic, uncountable