nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: spell Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English spell, spel, from Old English spell (“news, story”), from Proto-Germanic *spellą (“speech, account, tale”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to tell”) or from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to speak, to sound”) with the s-mobile prefix. Cognate with dialectal German Spill, Icelandic spjall (“discussion, talk”), spjalla (“to discuss, to talk”), guðspjall (“gospel”) and Albanian fjalë (“word”). Pronunciation: /spɛl/ 1. To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm. Example: Vnchaine your spirits now with spelling Charmes, Example: […] although the Kings Jealousie was thus particular to her, his Affection was as general to others […] Above all, for a time he was much speld with Elianor Talbot […] 2. To hanker or yearn (for something). Labels: UK, obsolete, slang Example: "I have not got a coal ticket with me." "I am sorry you should think I was 'spelling' for a coal ticket," he interrupted; "if such an idea had occurred to me, I should have asked for it straightforwardly."
Word: spell Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English spellen, from Anglo-Norman espeler, espeleir, Old French espeller, espeler (compare Modern French épeler), from Frankish *spelōn, merged with native Old English spellian (“to tell, speak”), both eventually from Proto-Germanic *spellōną (“to speak”). Related with etymology 1. The sense “indicate a future event” probably in part a backformation from forespell (literally “to tell in advance”). Pronunciation: /spɛl/ 1. To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word. Labels: intransitive, sometimes, transitive Example: I find it difficult to spell because I'm dyslexic. 2. To read (something) as though letter by letter; to peruse slowly or with effort. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: "He'll do," said Bildad, eyeing me, and then went on spelling away at his book in a mumbling tone quite audible. 3. Of letters: to compose (a word). Labels: transitive Example: The letters “a”, “n” and “d” spell “and”. Example: In Esperanto each letter has only one sound, and each sound is represented in only one way. The words are pronounced exactly as spelt, every letter being sounded. 4. To clarify; to explain in detail. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: Please spell it out for me. Example: When we get elected, for instance, we get one of these, and we are pretty much told what is in it, and it is our responsibility to read it and understand it, and if we do not, the Ethics Committee, we can call them any time of day and ask them to spell it out for us[…] 5. To indicate that (some event) will occur; typically followed by a single-word noun. Labels: transitive Example: This spells trouble. 6. To constitute; to measure. Example: the Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together did spell but one in effect 7. To speak, to declaim. Labels: obsolete Example: O who can tell / The hidden power of herbes, and might of Magicke spell? 8. To tell; to relate; to teach. Labels: obsolete Example: 1770, Thomas Warton, “Ode on the Approach of Summer” in A Collection of Poems in Four Volumes, London: G. Pearch, Volume 1, p. 278, As thro’ the caverns dim I wind, Might I that legend find, By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes, 9. To notate or indicate a pitch, interval, or chord using a particular enharmonic spelling. Example: The note D♭ is spelled differently from C♯, even though they sound equivalent. Example: The way you spell a chord reflects its harmonic function.
Word: spell Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian (“to represent, take or stand in the place of another, act as a representative of another”), akin to Middle English spale (“a rest or break”), Old English spala (“representative, substitute”). Pronunciation: /spɛl/ 1. To work in place of (someone). Labels: transitive Example: to spell the helmsman 2. To rest (someone or something), to give someone or something a rest or break. Labels: transitive Example: They spelled the horses and rested in the shade of some trees near a brook. 3. To rest from work for a time. Labels: colloquial, intransitive
Word: spell Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian (“to represent, take or stand in the place of another, act as a representative of another”), akin to Middle English spale (“a rest or break”), Old English spala (“representative, substitute”). Pronunciation: /spɛl/ 1. A shift (of work); (rare) a set of workers responsible for a specific turn of labour. 2. A definite period (of work or other activity). Labels: informal Example: A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well. Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand. Example: I had a job in the great North Woods / Workin' as a cook for a spell / But I never did like it all that much / And one day the ax just fell 3. An indefinite period of time (usually with a qualifier); by extension, a relatively short distance. Labels: colloquial Example: Even Mrs. Harker seems to lose sight of her trouble for whole spells. [...] When he had spoken, Mina's long spell of silence made me look at her. Example: So after a short spell in the brass foundry the wisest course was to follow with a similar period in the steel foundry, where much important work was done, including the manufacture of centres for wheels. 4. A period of rest; time off. 5. A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc. Labels: US, colloquial 6. An uninterrupted series of alternate overs bowled by a single bowler.
Word: spell Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English spel (“a thin piece of wood”), from Old Norse [Term?]. Pronunciation: /spɛl/ 1. A splinter, usually of wood; a spelk. Labels: Northern-England Example: To swadle a bowe much about wyth bandes, verye seldome dothe anye good, excepte it be to kepe downe a spel in the backe. 2. The wooden bat in the game of trap ball, or knurr and spell.
Word: shirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.? Proto-Germanic *skertaną Proto-Germanic *skurtaz Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā Old English sċyrte Middle English schirte English shirt From Middle English schirte, from Old English sċyrte (“a short garment; skirt; kirtle”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurtijā, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ (“a short garment, skirt, apron”), from *skurtaz (“short”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Schoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skjorte (“shirt”), Norwegian skjorte (“shirt”), Swedish skjorta (“shirt”), Faroese skjúrta (“shirt”), Icelandic skyrta (“shirt”). Doublet of skirt via Old Norse; further related to short. Pronunciation: /ʃɜːt/, /ʃɜɹt/, /ʃəːʈ/, /ʃəːɾʈ/ 1. An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, often with sleeves that cover some or all of the arms. Example: (Scottish) Example: He went to the mall to find a decent shirt for his interview. 2. An interior lining in a blast furnace. 3. A member of the shirt-wearing team in a shirts and skins game.
Word: shirt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English schirten, from the noun (see above). Pronunciation: /ʃɜːt/, /ʃɜɹt/, /ʃəːʈ/, /ʃəːɾʈ/ 1. To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as if with a shirt. Example: 1691, King Arthur, by John Dryden, act II, scene I. Ah! for so many souls, as but this morn / Were clothed with flesh, and warm’d with vital blood / But naked now, or shirted just with air.
Word: spelling Part of Speech: verb Etymology: 1400s, from spell (verb) + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of spell Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present Example: [p 88] A persuasive theory about the authority of the quarto or Folio texts might shed light on how Shakespeare actually spelt these names in a particular manuscript, but, since Shakespeare seemed capable of spelling his own name differently on different occasions, how reliable a guide would such evidence be?
Word: spelling Part of Speech: noun Etymology: 1400s, from spell (verb) + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlɪŋ/ 1. The act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography. Labels: uncountable Example: For the practical use of spelling comes in writing. Example: Spelling was invented by man and, like other human inventions, is capable of development and improvement by man in the direction of simplicity, economy, and efficiency. 2. The manner of spelling of words; correct spelling. Labels: uncountable Example: Because Elizabethan spelling was fluid, editors feel free to ‘modernize’ (correct) the spelling in the quartos and the Folio. But how is one to spell Rosencratz or Guildenstern, where the spelling varies, not only from text to text, but even within texts? 3. A specific spelling of a word. Labels: countable Example: [p 253] *excellent Q2’s ‘extent’ is generally dismissed as an error, probably a mis-reading of ‘exlent’, a common spelling at this time. [p 269] reverend The spellings ‘reuerent’ (Q2) and ‘Reuerend’ (F) were interchangeable at this time. [p 466] Guildensterne and Rosincrance are F’s consistent spellings. 4. A spelling test or spelling bee. Labels: US, countable, dated, rare, uncountable Example: The boys were anxious for a spelling in the evening but I said no. Example: How her face ust to look, in the twilight, / As I tuck her to spellin’; and she / Kep’ a-hummin’ that song ’tel I ast her, / Pine-blank, ef she ever missed me! 5. A choice of notation among enharmonic equivalents for the same pitch. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The spelling of a pitch is strongly influenced by its harmonic and melodic context.
Word: shoe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *skōhaz Proto-West Germanic *skōh Old English sċōh Middle English scho English shoe From Middle English scho, sho, from Old English sċōh (“shoe”), from Proto-West Germanic *skōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz (“shoe”), of unclear etymology; possibly a derivation from *skehaną (“to move quickly”), from Proto-Indo-European *skek- (“to move quickly, jump”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English sabatine, sabatoun (“shoe”) from Medieval Latin sabatēnum, sabatum (“shoe, slipper”) (compare Old Occitan sabatō, Spanish zapato (“shoe”), French sabot (“wooden shoe, clog”), Italian ciabatta). The archaic plural shoon is from Middle English shon, from Old English scōn, scōum (“shoes”, dative plural) and scōna (“shoes'”, genitive plural); it is cognate with Scots shuin (“shoes”). See also Scots shae, West Frisian skoech, Low German Schoh, Dutch schoen, German Schuh, Bavarian Schuach, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish sko, Tocharian B skāk (“balcony”). Pronunciation: /ˈʃuː/, /ˈʃu/ 1. To put shoes on one's own feet. Labels: intransitive Example: Men and women clothed and shod for the ascent. 2. To put shoes on someone or something else's feet, especially to put horseshoes on a horse. Labels: transitive Example: "Old Jimmy Harris only shoed her last week, and I'd swear to his make among ten thousand." 3. To cover an object with a protective layer of material. Labels: intransitive Example: The billiard cue stick was shod in silver. Example: And they had been made by the same brand of tire as that which shod the car I sat in!
Word: skirt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.? Proto-Germanic *skertaną Proto-Germanic *skurtaz Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ Old Norse skyrtabor. Middle English skyrte English skirt From Middle English skyrte, from Old Norse skyrta, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ. Doublet of shirt. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Skoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skørt (“skirt”), Swedish skört (“hem of a jacket”), Norwegian skjørt (“skirt”). Pronunciation: /skɜːt/, /skɚt/, /skɪɾt/, /skøːt/, /skeːt/ 1. A separate article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower torso and part of the legs. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: "I like purple best," said Maida. "And old Schlegel has promised to make it for $8. It's going to be lovely. I'm going to have a plaited skirt and a blouse coat trimmed with a band of galloon under a white cloth collar with two rows of—" 2. A similar part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The petticoats and skirts ordinarily worn are decidedly the heaviest part of the dress ; hence it is necessary that some reform should be effected in these. Example: “It's all clear,” he whispered. “Have you the chisel and the bags? Great Scott! Jump, Archie, jump, and I'll swing for it!” Sherlock Holmes had sprung out and seized the intruder by the collar. The other dived down the hole, and I heard the sound of rending cloth as Jones clutched at his skirts. 3. A loose edging to any part of a dress. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A narrow lace, or a small skirt of fine ruffled linen, which runs along the upper part of the stays before, and crosses the breast, being a part of the tucker, is called the modesty piece. 4. A petticoat. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A woman. Labels: countable, derogatory, slang, uncountable Example: "Mate," said the Cockney, after we'd finished about half the bottle, "it comes to me that we're a couple o' blightin' idjits to be workin' for a skirt." "What d'ya mean?" I asked, taking a pull at the bottle. "Well, 'ere's us, two red-blooded 'e-men, takin' orders from a lousy little frail, 'andin' the swag h'over to 'er, and takin' wot she warnts to 'and us, w'en we could 'ave the 'ole lot. Take this job 'ere now--" Example: But I tell ya, I can't help but like a guy who wants to rescue some skirt he fell for. 6. Women collectively, in a sexual context. Labels: UK, colloquial, uncountable 7. Sexual intercourse with a woman. Labels: UK, colloquial, uncountable 8. A border; edge; margin; extreme part of anything. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: here in the skirts of the forest, like fringe upon a petticoat. Example: I am a shadow now, alas! alas! / Upon the skirts of human-nature dwelling / Alone: [...] 9. A diaphragm, or midriff. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: skirt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.? Proto-Germanic *skertaną Proto-Germanic *skurtaz Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ Old Norse skyrtabor. Middle English skyrte English skirt From Middle English skyrte, from Old Norse skyrta, from Proto-Germanic *skurtijǭ. Doublet of shirt. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Skoarte (“apron”), Dutch schort (“apron”), German Schürze (“apron”), Danish skørt (“skirt”), Swedish skört (“hem of a jacket”), Norwegian skjørt (“skirt”). Pronunciation: /skɜːt/, /skɚt/, /skɪɾt/, /skøːt/, /skeːt/ 1. To be on or form the border of. Example: The plain was skirted by rows of trees. Example: The lofty mountains roſe faint to the ſight and loſt their foreheads in the diſtant ſkies: the little hills, cloathed in darker green and ſkirted with embroidered vales, diſcovered the ſecret haunts of kids and bounding roes. 2. To move around or along the border of; to avoid the center of. Example: skirt a mountain Example: An enormous man and woman (it was early-closing day) were stretched motionless, with their heads on pocket-handkerchiefs, side by side, within a few feet of the sea, while two or three gulls gracefully skirted the incoming waves, and settled near their boots. 3. To cover with a skirt; to surround. Example: skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold 4. To avoid or ignore (something); to manage to avoid (something or a problem); to skate by (something). Labels: figuratively Example: Near-synonym: circumvent Example: skirt the issue
Word: polyedron Part of Speech: noun 1. Dated form of polyhedron. Labels: alt-of, dated
Word: polyedrous Part of Speech: adj 1. Obsolete spelling of polyhedrous. Labels: alt-of, not-comparable, obsolete
Word: polyeidic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From poly- + Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form”) + -ic. 1. Passing through several distinct larval forms; having several distinct kinds of young. Labels: not-comparable
Word: i.e. Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Latin i. e., an abbreviation of id est (“that is”). Pronunciation: /ˌaɪˈiː/, /ɪd ɛst/ 1. That is, namely, in other words, that is to say. Labels: initialism Example: While the final episode was made, the show itself was immediately cancelled after the penultimate episode i.e. the final episode never aired. Example: [N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.
Word: e.g. Part of Speech: adv Etymology: The adverb is a terser form of ex. gr., both abbreviating Latin exemplī grātiā (“for the sake of an example”); e.g. was also used as an abbreviation in Latin. The noun is derived from the adverb. Pronunciation: /ˌiːˈdʒiː/, /fɔːɹ‿ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/, /ˌiˈd͡ʒi/, /fɔɹ‿ɪɡˈzæmpəl/ 1. An initialism used to introduce an illustrative example or short list of examples: for the sake of an example; for example. Example: Continents (e.g., Asia) contain many large bodies of water (e.g., lakes and inland seas) and many large flowing streams of water (i.e., rivers). Example: For though all is not to be done that is to be believed, yet all muſt be believed to be lavvful and duty vvhich muſt be done as ſuch: e. g. VVe cannot love God, vvorſhip him, hear and read his VVord, &c. as by Divine obedience, unleſs vve believe it to be our duty by a Divine command.
Word: e.g. Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adverb is a terser form of ex. gr., both abbreviating Latin exemplī grātiā (“for the sake of an example”); e.g. was also used as an abbreviation in Latin. The noun is derived from the adverb. Pronunciation: /ˌiːˈdʒiː/, /fɔːɹ‿ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/, /ˌiˈd͡ʒi/, /fɔɹ‿ɪɡˈzæmpəl/ 1. An example. Labels: informal, nonstandard, proscribed Example: Lemurs are an e.g. of a non-simian primate.
Word: et cetera Part of Speech: phrase Etymology: From Middle English et cetera, from Latin et cētera (“and the other things; and the rest of the things”). Pronunciation: /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ 1. Unabbreviated form of etc.. Labels: abbreviation, form-of, unabbreviated, uncommon, usually
Word: et cetera Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English et cetera, from Latin et cētera (“and the other things; and the rest of the things”). Pronunciation: /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/, /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ 1. Something in addition, which can easily be understood.
Word: spelled Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈspɛld/ 1. simple past and past participle of spell Labels: Philippines, US, form-of, participle, past
Word: spelt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Late Middle English spelde (past tense) and spelled, ispeled, ispelled (past participles). The past tense reflects an early Middle English syncopation of spellede, while the past participle remained largely disyllabic until the general Early Modern English reduction of the -ed suffix. In both cases, once the medial vowel was lost, the final alveolar stop underwent phonetic devoicing after the sonorant /l/, resulting in the modern -t spelling. Compare dwelt, felt, and smelt. By surface analysis, spell + -t. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlt/ 1. simple past and past participle of spell Labels: UK, form-of, participle, past Example: Yes, yes; he teaches boys the hornbook. What is a, b, spelt / backward with the horn on his head?
Word: spelt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt (“spelt, corn”), from Old Saxon spelta (“spelt”); or from Late Latin spelta (“spelt”), from Frankish *spelta (“spelt”); all from Proto-Germanic *spiltaz (“spelt”). Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlt/ 1. A grain, considered either a subspecies of wheat, Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta, or a separate species Triticum spelta or Triticum dicoccon. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: spelt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is from Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt, connected with the verb. Compare speld and German Spelze (“husk”). The adjective is from Middle English spelt, probably a contraction of spelked, past participle of spelken (“to bruise (beans)”), itself of obscure origin. Compare Scots spilkings (“split peas”), the later verb, and perhaps also splet. The verb is probably from the adjective. Compare earlier spald, speld. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlt/ 1. A thin piece of wood or metal; a splinter. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, dialectal 2. Spelter.
Word: spelt Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The noun is from Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt, connected with the verb. Compare speld and German Spelze (“husk”). The adjective is from Middle English spelt, probably a contraction of spelked, past participle of spelken (“to bruise (beans)”), itself of obscure origin. Compare Scots spilkings (“split peas”), the later verb, and perhaps also splet. The verb is probably from the adjective. Compare earlier spald, speld. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlt/ 1. Of dried beans: pounded, crushed, or split. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete, rare Example: [H]alfe an houre after give him a pottell of Oates and a pinte of ſpelt Beanes, then a ſmall bottel of Hay: […] Example: The next day very early as may be, firſt feed, then dreſſe, after cloath and ſaddle, then ayre him abroad, and water him as hath been before ſhewed, after bring him home, and feed him with oats, ſpelt beans, and bread, as was laſt of all declared, onely very little Hay, […]
Word: spelt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is from Middle English spelt, from Old English spelt, connected with the verb. Compare speld and German Spelze (“husk”). The adjective is from Middle English spelt, probably a contraction of spelked, past participle of spelken (“to bruise (beans)”), itself of obscure origin. Compare Scots spilkings (“split peas”), the later verb, and perhaps also splet. The verb is probably from the adjective. Compare earlier spald, speld. Pronunciation: /ˈspɛlt/ 1. To grind or crush (grain or pulses). Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: spelted Beans
Word: speak Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English speke, speken (“to speak”), from Old English specan (“to speak”). This is usually taken to be an irregular alteration of earlier sprecan, spreocan (“to speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *spreg- (“to make a sound, utter, speak”). Finding this proposed loss of r from the stable cluster spr unparalleled, Hill instead sets up a different root, Proto-West Germanic *spekan (“to negotiate”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʾ-e- (“to distribute”) with *s-mobile, which collapsed in meaning with *sprekan ("to speak" < "to crackle, prattle") and so came to be seen as a free variant thereof. Cognates Cognate with Scots speak, speik (“to speak”), Saterland Frisian spreke (“to speak”), West Frisian sprekke (“to speak”), Central Franconian sjprèche (“to speak”), Dutch and Low German spreken (“to speak”), German sprechen (“to speak”), Luxembourgish spriechen (“to speak”), and also with Albanian shpreh (“to express, manifest, show”) through Indo-European. Pronunciation: /spiːk/, /spik/ 1. Language, jargon, or terminology used uniquely in a particular environment or group. Labels: uncountable Example: corporate speak; IT speak Example: We'll go into more depth with all the specs shortly so anyone less well versed in espresso speak will understand what I'm harping on about, but firstly let's just talk about using the machine. 2. Speech, conversation. Labels: countable 3. Clipping of speaker point. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, countable, informal Example: We will deduct speaks for hesitation.
Word: speak Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English speke, speken (“to speak”), from Old English specan (“to speak”). This is usually taken to be an irregular alteration of earlier sprecan, spreocan (“to speak”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *spreg- (“to make a sound, utter, speak”). Finding this proposed loss of r from the stable cluster spr unparalleled, Hill instead sets up a different root, Proto-West Germanic *spekan (“to negotiate”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʾ-e- (“to distribute”) with *s-mobile, which collapsed in meaning with *sprekan ("to speak" < "to crackle, prattle") and so came to be seen as a free variant thereof. Cognates Cognate with Scots speak, speik (“to speak”), Saterland Frisian spreke (“to speak”), West Frisian sprekke (“to speak”), Central Franconian sjprèche (“to speak”), Dutch and Low German spreken (“to speak”), German sprechen (“to speak”), Luxembourgish spriechen (“to speak”), and also with Albanian shpreh (“to express, manifest, show”) through Indo-European. Pronunciation: /spiːk/, /spik/ 1. a low class bar, a speakeasy. Labels: dated
Word: substance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌbstəns/, [ˈsʌbstənts] 1. Physical matter; material. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it. Example: His wasted hands were stretched out, and worked with a quick and convulsive motion, as if catching some small substances which kept eluding their grasp;... 2. Physical matter; material. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The essential part of anything; the most vital part. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Heroic virtue did his actions guide, / And he the substance, not the appearance, chose. Example: 1684-1690, Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. 4. Substantiality; solidity; firmness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Some textile fabrics have little substance. 5. Material possessions; estate; property; resources. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: a man of substance Example: And there wasted his substance with riotous living. 6. Drugs (illegal narcotics) Labels: countable, uncountable Example: substance abuse 7. Ousia, essence; underlying reality or hypostasis in the philosophical sense. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: substance Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English substance, from Old French substance, from Latin substantia (“substance, essence”), from substāns, present active participle of substō (“exist”, literally “stand under”), from sub + stō (“stand”). Displaced native Old English andweorc. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌbstəns/, [ˈsʌbstənts] 1. To give substance to; to make real or substantial. Labels: rare, transitive Example: If life were nothing but what gets phrased and substanced, the world might as well be rolled up and laid away again in darkness. Example: The calm ruminating / Reverie, substancing / Intellect into emotion, / Is shelter enough for love / Unhumiliated by faith.
Word: straight Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English streight, streght, streiȝt, the past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”), from Old English streċċan (past participle ġestreaht, ġestreht), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch”). Cognate with Scots straicht (“straight”), Dutch gestrekt (“stretched”), German gestreckt (“stretched”), Danish strakt (“stretched”), Faroese and Norn strekti (“stretched”), Icelandic strekkti (“stretched”), Norwegian strekte (“stretched”), Swedish sträckte (“stretched”). Doublet of straught. Equivalent to stretch + -ed. In some senses, conflated with strait (“narrow, constricted”), which is from Latin strictus via Old French estreit. Pronunciation: /stɹeɪt/, /stɹaɪt/ 1. Of a direction relative to the subject, precisely; as if following a direct line. Example: The door will be straight ahead of you. Example: Go straight back. 2. Directly; without pause, delay or detour. Example: On arriving at work, he went straight to his office. Example: Tartarian theeues, That lie in ambuſh, waiting for a pray: What ſhould we doe but bid them battel ſtraight, And rid the world of thoſe deteſted troopes? 3. Continuously; without interruption or pause. Example: He claims he can hold his breath for three minutes straight. 4. Of speech or information, without prevarication or holding back; directly; straightforwardly; plainly. Example: "By ginger, Mudgy, you do go off the handle over nothing. I tell you straight, I was damned annoyed with you this afternoon, going pop like that at a man over nothing."
Word: straight Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English streight, streght, streiȝt, the past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”), from Old English streċċan (past participle ġestreaht, ġestreht), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch”). Cognate with Scots straicht (“straight”), Dutch gestrekt (“stretched”), German gestreckt (“stretched”), Danish strakt (“stretched”), Faroese and Norn strekti (“stretched”), Icelandic strekkti (“stretched”), Norwegian strekte (“stretched”), Swedish sträckte (“stretched”). Doublet of straught. Equivalent to stretch + -ed. In some senses, conflated with strait (“narrow, constricted”), which is from Latin strictus via Old French estreit. Pronunciation: /stɹeɪt/, /stɹaɪt/ 1. Something that is not crooked or bent such as a part of a road or track. Example: After four grueling laps, the race had come down to a sprint. Into the straight, although my legs were burning, I called on them for more, and they responded. On my inside the maroon singlet came with me, until it was just the two of us heading for the line. Example: Seppi started the engine, then shifted first gear and sped away into second, then third and fourth gear. Frank heard the roar of the Porsche's engine further down the straight and the back short straight. He held a stopwatch in his hand, waiting for him to come up into the straight from the hairpin curve. 2. Five cards in sequence. 3. A heterosexual. Labels: colloquial Example: My friends call straights "heteros". 4. A normal person; someone in mainstream society. Labels: slang Example: You live with straights who tell you you was king / Jump when your momma tell you anything Example: Boys! Boys! You're scaring the straights, okay? Is there any way that we could do this tomorrow? 5. A cigarette, particularly one containing tobacco instead of marijuana. Labels: slang Example: A straight = a straighter = a straight cut, une cigarette en tabac de Virginie.] 6. A chiropractor who relies solely on spinal adjustment, with no other treatments. 7. A cat that has straight ears despite belonging to a breed that often has folded ears. Example: 2021, B. J. Deming, 25 More Facts About House Cats A hopeful sign of compromise is the growing popularity of Scottish Fold "straights" (cats like Maru, without droopy ears).
Word: straight Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English streight, streght, streiȝt, the past participle of strecchen (“to stretch”), from Old English streċċan (past participle ġestreaht, ġestreht), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch”). Cognate with Scots straicht (“straight”), Dutch gestrekt (“stretched”), German gestreckt (“stretched”), Danish strakt (“stretched”), Faroese and Norn strekti (“stretched”), Icelandic strekkti (“stretched”), Norwegian strekte (“stretched”), Swedish sträckte (“stretched”). Doublet of straught. Equivalent to stretch + -ed. In some senses, conflated with strait (“narrow, constricted”), which is from Latin strictus via Old French estreit. Pronunciation: /stɹeɪt/, /stɹaɪt/ 1. To straighten. Labels: transitive Example: One man draws out the wire , another straights it , a third cuts it , a fourth points it , a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head
Word: hamstring Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From ham (“region back of the knee joint”) + string. Pronunciation: /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ 1. One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh. Example: Lanctot slipped the tourniquet around the other, just under his groin, and twisted it tight, clamping quadriceps and hamstring hard to bone. 2. The biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. Labels: informal Example: Developing muscle around both sides of a joint (think biceps and triceps, abs and low back, quads and hamstrings) should be one of your primary training considerations because strength on each side leads to lower injury rates.
Word: hamstring Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From ham (“region back of the knee joint”) + string. Pronunciation: /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ 1. To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough. Labels: transitive 2. To cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Example: Its trademark policies of privatization, deregulation, tax cuts and free trade deals: these have liberated corporations to accumulate enormous profits and treat the atmosphere like a sewage dump, and hamstrung our ability, through the instrument of the state, to plan for our collective welfare.
Word: unvisibly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English unvisible Middle English -ly English -ly English unvisibly From unvisible + -ly. 1. invisibly. Labels: archaic
Word: unvitiated Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- English vitiated English unvitiated From un- + vitiated. Pronunciation: /ʌnˈvɪʃieɪtɪd/ 1. Not vitiated; pure. Example: Tashtego's long, lean, sable hair, his high cheek bones, and black rounding eyes— […] all this sufficiently proclaimed him an inheritor of the unvitiated blood of those proud warrior hunters, who, in quest of the great New England moose, had scoured, bow in hand, the aboriginal forests of the main.
Word: unvoluntary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- English voluntary English unvoluntary From un- + voluntary. 1. Involuntary. Labels: obsolete Example: […] may their Mistake herein be as freely forgiven them, as I hope and desire that the Charitable Reader will with his Pardon meet those unvoluntary Errours, which in this Work by me shall be committed. 2. Voluntary in response to an involuntary stimulus.
Word: thunder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English thunder, thonder, thundre, thonre, thunnere, þunre, from Old English þunor (“thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunr, from Proto-Germanic *þunraz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Compare astound, astonish, stun. Germanic cognates include West Frisian tonger, Dutch donder, German Donner, Old Norse Þórr (English Thor), Danish torden, Norwegian Nynorsk tore. Other cognates include Persian تندر (tondar), Latin tonō, detonō, Ancient Greek στένω (sténō), στενάζω (stenázō), στόνος (stónos), Στέντωρ (Sténtōr), Irish torann, Welsh taran, Gaulish Taranis. Doublet of donner, Thunor, and Thor. Pronunciation: /ˈθʌndə/, /ˈθʌndɚ/ 1. The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Thunder is preceded by lightning. Example: Thunder cracked overhead. 2. A deep, rumbling noise resembling thunder. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Off in the distance, he heard the thunder of hoofbeats, signalling a stampede. 3. An alarming or startling threat or denunciation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes. 4. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: The revenging gods / 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend. 5. Synonym of thunder word. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Adam's fall and Vico's thunder are embodied in a word of a hundred letters, the first of ten thunders in the Wake.
Word: thunder Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English thundren, from Old English þunrian (“to thunder”), from Proto-West Germanic *þunrōn, from Proto-Germanic *þunrōną (“to thunder”). Pronunciation: /ˈθʌndə/, /ˈθʌndɚ/ 1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity. Labels: impersonal Example: It thundered continuously. 2. To make a noise like thunder. Labels: intransitive Example: The train thundered along the tracks. Example: The farmer whose land the Pratincole had chosen to frequent had such an adversion to birders that he had been thundering up and down all day in a high-powered muck-spreader, splattering them with cow dung! 3. To (make something) move very fast (with loud noise). Labels: ergative Example: Senseless years thunder by / Millions are willing to give their lives for you / Does nothing live on? 4. To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: "Get back to work at once!", he thundered. 5. To produce something with incredible power. Example: Just as it appeared Arsenal had taken the sting out of the tie, Johnson produced a moment of outrageous quality, thundering a bullet of a left foot shot out of the blue and into the top left-hand corner of Wojciech Szczesny's net with the Pole grasping at thin air.
Word: zenith Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cenyth, from Medieval Latin cenit, from Arabic سَمْت (samt, “direction, path”), from the fuller form سَمْت اَلرَّأْس (samt ar-raʔs, “direction of the head”). The -ni- for -m- is sometimes thought to be due to a misreading of the three strokes, which is plausible, though it could be a mere phonetic approximation. Pronunciation: /ˈzɛn.ɪθ/, /ˈzi.nɪθ/ 1. The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir. Example: The 12 day wee had the wind high and large ſo that in two dayes ſaile we made the Sunne our Zenith or verticall point[…] Example: In this 10th m. appeared that prodigious Comett the tayl whereof was like the blade of a double edged sword, and reached almost from the horizon to the zenith. 2. The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body. Example: […] in the middle of the day, when the sun was in the zenith, the violence of the heat was too great to stir out […] Example: As far to the west as Monica could see, her world was a sea of fog, […]. Above it arched a cerulean sky; as the sun climbed to the zenith, […], the fog gradually took on a bluish tinge. 3. Highest point or state; peak. Labels: broadly Example: Winning the continental championship was the zenith of my career. Example: I find my zenith doth depend upon / A most auspicious star.
Word: secretary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Medieval Latin secrētārius (“one entrusted with secrets”), from Latin secrētus (“private, secret”), past participle of secernere (“to separate, set apart”), from se- (“apart”) + cernere (“to separate”). Pronunciation: /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tə.ɹi/, /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tɹi/, /ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtɛɹ.i/, [ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtʰɛɹ.i] 1. A person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work. Example: I have a personal secretary to help me organize my clients. Example: The secretary at the school is in charge of communication between parents, students, and staff. 2. The head of a department of government. Labels: capitalized, often Example: Well briefly, sir, I am the Permanent Under Secretary of State, known as the Permanent Secretary. 3. A managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations. Example: Ban Ki-Moon was a secretary general of the United Nations. Example: As the Soviet Union collapsed, the party secretaries in the Central Asian republics found themselves leaders of newly-established sovereign countries. 4. A type of desk, secretary desk; a secretaire. Labels: US 5. A secretary bird, a bird of the species Sagittarius serpentarius. 6. Someone entrusted with a secret; a confidant. Labels: obsolete 7. Someone employed as a scribe for personal correspondence. Labels: obsolete Example: "Do not give yourself any uneasiness about one so utterly unworthy of a thought! Sir George Kingston is without one grain of either honour or real feeling! The fact is, I have, for some months past, been his secretary, and wrote for him the letters which were sent you!"
Word: secretary Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Medieval Latin secrētārius (“one entrusted with secrets”), from Latin secrētus (“private, secret”), past participle of secernere (“to separate, set apart”), from se- (“apart”) + cernere (“to separate”). Pronunciation: /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tə.ɹi/, /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tɹi/, /ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtɛɹ.i/, [ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtʰɛɹ.i] 1. To serve as a secretary of. Labels: transitive
Word: statement Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s Proto-Italic *status Latin statuslbor. Old French estatbor. Middle English stat English state Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English statement From state + -ment. Pronunciation: /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/, /ˈsteɪtmənt/ 1. A declaration or remark. Example: make a statement Example: publish a statement 2. A presentation of opinion or position. 3. A document that summarizes financial activity. Example: a bank statement 4. An instruction in a computer program, especially one that returns no value, as opposed to a function call. Example: In this section we will examine BASIC's primary statement for repeating a string of statements under program control: the FOR statement. Another statement, the NEXT statement, is always used with a FOR statement. Example: However, it is the responsibility of the programmer to ensure that the control ultimately reaches the last statement of the range.
Word: statement Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s Proto-Italic *status Latin statuslbor. Old French estatbor. Middle English stat English state Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English statement From state + -ment. Pronunciation: /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/, /ˈsteɪtmənt/ 1. Decisive. Labels: not-comparable Example: Gabriel Martinelli scored a dramatic late winner as Arsenal earned a statement victory over defending Premier League champions Manchester City at Emirates Stadium.
Word: statement Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Back-formation from statementing or back-formation from statemented. Pronunciation: /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/, /ˈsteɪtmənt/ 1. To provide an official document of a proposition, especially in the UK, a Statement of Special Educational Needs. Labels: transitive
Word: involuntary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From in- + voluntary, from Late Latin involontarius, from in + volontarius. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/, /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, /ɪnˈvɒl.ənˌtɛɹ.i/, /ɪnˈvɔl.ən.tɹi/ 1. Without intention; unintentional. 2. Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling. Example: He found himself the involuntary witness in the trial.
Word: invisibly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English invisible Middle English -ly English -ly English invisibly From invisible + -ly. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɪzɪbli/ 1. In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner. Example: These beings have some very extraordinary and useful properties; they can, for instance, go about invisibly, or turn themselves into any shape; they can foresee future events; they can confer prosperity, or the contrary, on a family[.]
Word: ye Part of Speech: pron Etymology: From Middle English ye, ȝe, from Old English ġē (“ye”), the nominative case of the second-person plural personal pronoun, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a North-West variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz (“ye”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“ye”), plural of *túh₂. Cognate with Scots ye (“ye”), Saterland Frisian jie, Dutch gij, ge, jij, je (“ye”), Low German ji, jie (“ye”), German ihr (“ye”), Danish and Swedish I (“ye”), Icelandic ér (“ye”), Latvian jūs (“ye”), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyám, “ye”). See also you. Pronunciation: /jiː/, [jɪi], [ji(ː)], /(j)iː/, /jɪ/ 1. You (the people being addressed). Labels: Cornwall, Ireland, Newfoundland, personal, pronoun Example: My liefe (ſayd ſhe) ye know, that long ygo, / Whileſt ye in durance dwelt, ye to me gaue / A little mayde, the which ye chylded tho ; / The ſame againe if now ye liſt to haue, / The ſame is yonder Lady, whom high God did ſaue. Example: Queſtion me then no more; whate'er ye want, / Ask in my Name, and God ſhall ſurely grant. / You've asked nothing yet for Jesus sake : / Ask and receive, and of my joyes partake. 2. You (the singular person being addressed). Labels: archaic, personal, pronoun Example: Know ye now, Bulkington? Glimpses do ye seem to see of that mortally intolerable truth; that all deep, earnest thinking is but the intrepid effort of the soul to keep the open independence of her sea; [...] Example: Maybe they'd get hurted!" said the boys. "Hurted, how-are-ye!" says Hughie; "How could anyone get hurted so simple as that? I'd be the last in the world to speak of such a thing in that case! But if yous are afraid of doing it..."
Word: ye Part of Speech: article Etymology: From Middle English þe. Early press typographies in late 15th century lacked the letter þ (“thorn”), for which the letter y was substituted due to their resemblance in blackletter hand (etymological y was for a while distinguished by a dot, ẏ (14th c.–15th c.)). Short form yͤ continued long after the digraph th had replaced þ elsewhere. "Ye" for "þe" continued in manuscripts through the 18th century. The practice was revived in the United Kingdom in the 19th century as a deliberate antiquarianism in shop names, thus the Ye Olde ... Shoppe construction. Pronunciation: /jiː/ 1. The. Labels: archaic, definite Example: Ye Olde Medicine Shoppe Example: Now vnto yͤ king eternal, immortall, inuiſible, the onely wiſe God, be honour and glory for euer ⁊ euer. Amen.
Word: ye Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Shortened from yes or yeah. Pronunciation: /jə/, [jɐ], [jɪ], [jɛ], [ji] 1. Yes, yeah. Labels: slang
Word: ye Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Russian е (je). 1. The Cyrillic letter Е, е, featured in various Slavic and Turkic languages.
Word: thy Part of Speech: det Etymology: From Middle English þi, apocopated variant of þin, from Old English þīn, from Proto-West Germanic *þīn, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *téynos (“thy; thine”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“thou”). See thou. Pronunciation: /ˈðaɪ̯/, [ˈðaɪ̯] 1. Possessive form of thou: that which belongs to thee; which belongs to you (singular). Labels: Early, Modern, archaic, dialectal, form-of, literary, possessive
Word: thy Part of Speech: conj Pronunciation: /ˈðaɪ̯/, [ˈðaɪ̯] 1. Only used in for thy, for-thy, which is an alternative form of forthy (“because, therefore”). Labels: obsolete Example: For-thy it round and hollow shaped was, Like to the world itselfe, and seem'd aworld of glass. Example: Wallace knew well the Englishmen would flee, For thy he thrusted in the thickest to be, Hewing full fast on whomsoever he fought, Against his dint fine steel availed nought.