Word: corona Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae. The verb is derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /kəˈɹəʊ.nə/, /kəˈɹoʊ.nə/, /kɵˈronɑ/ 1. A large, round, pendent chandelier, with spikes around its upper rim to hold candles or lamps, usually hung from the roof of a church. Example: The magnificent bronze corona, or luminaria, which still hangs in the central octagon, shews the skill of the workmen in bronze of that period. 2. An upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body. Example: Is it probable that this depression has arisen from the distorting effect of some form of head dress, similar perhaps to that which is still applied to the heads of infants in various parts of France, as described by Drs. Foville and Lunier? This consists of a neckerchief passed twice round the head from the corona either to the back of the neck, when the resulting deformity (which is that of the Charlcombe skull) is designated annular by Dr. Gosse; or is carried under the chin and jaw, when it is termed bilobed by the same writer. Example: The ophthalmic division supplies sensation from the eyebrows to the coronal suture. The sensory innervation stops at the corona, not at the hairline, and this fact may help one to differentiate a true abnormality from a factitious one, since people who are “faking” sensory loss more often lose sensation at the hairline. 3. An upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body. Example: The solids are derived from the fluids. In the first rudiments of the gelatinous embryo, they gradually commence in their respective situations, and differ infinitely in their degrees of cohesion, from the soft and almost pulpy medullary matter of the brain, to the vitreous substance of the corona of the teeth. 4. An upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body. Example: The first line of injection with a clean 1% solution of cocain, or 2% eucain is began, posterior to the ridge caused by the corona, on the dorsum. 5. The large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature, situated above the bed moulding and below the cymatium. Example: The cornice only is carried around the room at the ceiling, and in the staircase hall only the cymatium and corona of the cornice; but over the archway, supported by a colonnade of four fluted round columns, a complete entablature with nicely worked classic detail is employed and given added emphasis by several inches' projection into the reception hall. Example: Though somewhat verbose, the author is specific in his instruction that the S-shaped crown molding, the cymarecta, caps the top of the pediment and is not returned on the horizontal corona. 6. The luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun (the solar corona) or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse. Example: My investigations seem to prove conclusively that the theoretical corona is caused by light emitted and reflected from streams of matter ejected from the Sun by forces which, in general, act along lines normal to the surface. These forces are most active near the center of each Sun-spot zone. Example: The corona is a high-temperature portion of the Sun's outer atmosphere, beginning slightly above the visible surface and extending hundreds of thousands of kilometers, or further, into interplanetary space. 7. An oval-shaped astrogeological feature, present on both the planet Venus and Uranus's moon Miranda, probably formed by upwellings of warm material below the surface. Labels: also Example: The area density of impact craters on the surfaces of the coronas suggests that the episode of tidal heating occurred approximately one billion years ago[…]. 8. Any luminous or crownlike ring around an object or person. Labels: broadly Example: It looked like a miniaturized version of Hiroshima. Fires burned here and there. […] His once and future presidential palace was a crater ringed by a corona of flaming debris. Example: [Dale] Hawkins is a tall man, angular and knobby, with a rubbery, animated face and a corona of wavy gray hair, which he wears wet-combed back in a modified old-time pompadour. 9. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: [page 317] The lower jaw conſiſts of one large bone, with fore and hinder part, and five proceſſes; viz. two Condyles[…], two proceſſes of the Corona[…], and one proceſs of the chin […] [page 318] [T]his Sinus deſcends obliquely nine inches from the neck of the condyle, till it comes to the root of the teeth[…]; which ſpace does not appear ſo large in the figure, becauſe of the poſition of the jaw; and from the fore-part of the Coronæ backwards, till the jaw become thick, five inches and ⅓; […] 10. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: Pentándria, Digynia. All as in Stapèlia; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted; and the outer corona of the corolla lacerately multifid. 11. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: It [Epiphanes] has a ciliated corona at its anterior end and tapers to a narrow foot at the posterior end. The cilia of the corona are arranged more or less in two rings, with the mouth in the gap between them. 12. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: In coronae of the sea urchin Echinocyamus pusillus in the marine bed overlying the oncoid layer, an original Mg_(0.10–0.13)-calcite was gradually replaced during diagenesis by a Mg_(0.03–0.05)-calcite[…]. 13. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: A normal Crinoid (Fig. III.) consists of a “crown” (corona) attached by its dorsal (i.e. aboral) extremity to a “stem” (columna), which is fixed to the sea-floor or to some solid body by a “root” (radix). 14. Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1). Example: Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a corona of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections. 15. A luminous appearance caused by corona discharge, often seen as a bluish glow in the air adjacent to pointed metal conductors carrying high voltages. Example: An appearance of a corona may produce useful or undesirable effects. For instance, a corona arising spontaneously around high-voltage wires of an electrical power transmission line results in a loss of electrical energy. On the other hand, coronas are widely used in many practical applications like dust collection with electrical precipitators, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma surface treatment of polymers, cleaning of exhausted gases, etc. 16. A circle or set of circles visible around a bright celestial object, especially the Sun or the Moon, attributable to an optical phenomenon produced by the diffraction of its light by small water droplets or tiny ice crystals. Example: [page 49] Upon this true "mackarel sky" was depicted one of those glorious coronæ, only seen at great elevations or in high Latitudes. […] [page 50] The corona was composed of two colours, violet on the edge nearest to the sun and red on the outer edge, the two colours blending together and forming a neutral tint in the middle of the corona; the order here observed with regard to the colours is similar to that observed in the rainbow. Example: [page 214, paragraph 423] The sun and moon, when partially covered by light, fleecy clouds, are often seen encircled by one or more colored rings, which are called coronæ. […] In order to examine coronæ about the sun, it is best to view them by reflection from a blackened mirror, by which means the brilliancy of the sun's light is very much reduced. […] [page 215, paragraph 425] Coronæ are produced by the diffraction of the rays of light in their passage through the small intervals between the particles of condensed vapor in a cloud. 17. A mineral zone, consisting of one or more minerals, which surrounds another mineral or lies at the interface of two minerals, typically in a radial arrangement; a reaction rim. Example: Green hornblende is abundant at the rims of chlorite coronas in contact with amphibole-filled cracks, whereas it is minor (but not absent) in coronas in contact with chlorite-filled cracks. 18. A manifestation of secondary syphilis, consisting of papular lesions along the hairline, often bordering the scalp in the manner of a crown. Example: Jack had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded Peg that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, Signiora Bubonia. “As for his brother Lord Peter, the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the corona.[…]” 19. A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services. Labels: Ancient-Rome, historical Example: From the remark of Servius [i.e., Maurus Servius Honoratus] (ad Aen. v. 269) it appears that coronae adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction than those without them. Example: Funerary inscriptions of soldiers under the Empire are frequently accompanied by representation of the dona militaria awarded during service. We instantly recognise depictions of torques, armillae, phalerae (often attached to a special harness), and various types of coronae.