nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: aldrin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Alder + -in. Named after German chemist Kurt Alder (1902–1958). 1. An insecticide and persistent organic pollutant containing a naphthalene-derived compound. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: aleph Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Hebrew אָלֶף (álef). Doublet of alpha and alif. Pronunciation: /ˈɑˌlɛf/, /ˈɑˌlɪf/ 1. The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic 𐡀 (ʾ), Classical Syriac ܐ ('ālaph), Hebrew א (aleph) and Arabic ا (ʾalif). 2. The cardinality of an infinite well-ordered (or well-orderable) set. Example: The axiom of choice is equivalent to the proposition that every infinite cardinal is an aleph.
Word: alga Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin alga. Pronunciation: /ˈæl.ɡə/ 1. Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic. Example: For example, the antitumour depsipeptide kahalalide F was isolated from the opisthobranch mollusc Elysia rufescens, and is used by both the mollusc and its dietary alga Bryopsis spp.
Word: algal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin algalbor. English alga English -al English algal From alga + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈælɡəl/ 1. Pertaining to, or like, algae. Labels: not-comparable Example: Wallace [...] came closer to the dense algal stink of the lake.
Word: algal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin algalbor. English alga English -al English algal From alga + -al. Pronunciation: /ˈælɡəl/ 1. An alga.
Word: alkane Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Akkadian 𒎎𒋆𒁉𒍣𒁕 (guḫlum)bor. Aramaic כוחלא (kuḥlā)bor. Arabic كُحْل (kuḥl) Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl)bor. Medieval Latin alcoholbor. German Alk(ohol) Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. German -yl German Alkyl German alk- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānusder. German -an German Alkanbor. English alkane From German Alkan, formed as alkyl + -ane. Pronunciation: /ˈæl.keɪn/ 1. Any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, etc.). Example: The carbon chain of an alkane may be linear or branched, but must not contain loops (cycles); its chemical formula is of the form CₙH₂ₙ₊₂. Example: Whereas production levels of short-chain alkanes in plants are insufficient to provide an economically viable fuel source, the genes encoding the alkane biosynthetic pathway may provide a biotechnological resource for engineering fermentation organisms with the capacity to convert biomass to an alkane-based fuel.
Word: alkene Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈælkin/ 1. An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.
Word: allyl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin ālium Latin allium Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. Frenchder. English -yl English allyl From Latin allium (“garlic”) + English -yl. Pronunciation: /ˈælaɪl/, /ˈælɪl/ 1. The univalent radical, CH₂=CH-CH₂-, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard. Labels: especially, in-compounds
Word: aloe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old English alwe (“fragrant resin of an East Indian tree”), from Latin aloē, from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓λόη (ălóē), from Hebrew אָהָל (ʾāhāl) or related Aramaic forms, ultimately from Tamil அகில் (akil); reinforced in Middle English by Old French aloes. Pronunciation: /ˈæ.loʊ/, /əˈləʊ.i/, /ˈæ.ləʊ/ 1. The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica. Labels: in-plural 2. Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe. Example: 1885 Ferdinand von Mueller: Select Extra-tropical Plants, Readily Eligible For Industrial Culture Or Naturalization. pub: Melbourne: J. Ferres Aloe ferox, Miller. South-Africa. This species yields the best Cape-aloes, as observed by Dr. Pappe. The simply inspissated juice of the leaves of the various species of the genus constitutes the aloe-drug. It is best obtained by using neither heat nor pressure for extracting the sap. By re-dissolving the aqueous part of Aloes in cold water, and reducing the liquid through boiling or other processes of exsiccation to dryness, the extract of aloes is prepared. The bitter sap, used for dressing wounds, keeps off flies very effectually. It deserves introduction particularly in veterinary practice. Example: '…you know how difficult it is to break yourself of a habit.' 'Yes,' said Cyril; 'Jane used to bite her nails.' 'But I broke myself of it,' urged Jane, rather hurt, 'You know I did.' 'Not till they put bitter aloes on them,' said Cyril. 3. Misnomer for any large, vaguely aloe-like plant, such as Agave. Example: In mercy I put a bullet through his skull, and he fell sprawling among the aloes. 4. A strong, bitter drink made from the juice of such plants, used as a purgative.
Word: alp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Late Middle English, back-formation from alps pl, via French from Latin Alpes (“high mountains, especially those of Switzerland”). Compare Old Saxon elbon (“Alps”), Old High German Alpūn (“Alps”); Old High German alba (“alp, mountain”)). Pronunciation: /ælp/ 1. A very high mountain. Specifically, one of the Alps, the highest chain of mountains in Europe. Example: Nor breath of Vernal Air from ſnowy Alp. Example: Hills peep o'er Hills, and Alps on Alps ariſe! 2. An alpine meadow. Example: At the alp of Khyarkuti, a wide flat at the junction of several glens[…]
Word: althea Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin althaea. 1. Any of several plants of the genus Althaea; the hollyhocks and mallows, native to Eurasia.
Word: alum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Italic *-mn̥ Latin -men Latin alūmen Anglo-Norman alum, alunbor. Middle English alym, alyme, alum English alum From Middle English alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen. Pronunciation: /ˈæl.əm/ 1. An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Venice also needed alum for trade, since it was the point of departure for overland transportation of alum to southern Germany and its cloth-manufacturing Free Cities. Example: A natural astringent and antiseptic, potassium alum was coveted for its medicinal and cosmetic properties. 2. Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue. Example: For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth.[…]Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.
Word: alum Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Italic *-mn̥ Latin -men Latin alūmen Anglo-Norman alum, alunbor. Middle English alym, alyme, alum English alum From Middle English alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen. Pronunciation: /ˈæl.əm/ 1. To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum. Labels: transitive Example: The silk should be boiled at the rate of 20 parts of soap per cent. , and then alumed. The aluming need not be so strong as for the fine crimson Example: After drying, the cloth was alumed and finally dyed.
Word: alum Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- Proto-Italic *alomanos Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- Proto-Indo-European *-mno- Latin alumnuslbor. English alumnus, alumnaclip. English alum Clipping of alumnus and alumna (> alumn- > alum), by the removal of the originally Latin gender-specific nominative singular case endings -us (masculine) and -a (feminine). Pronunciation: /əˈlʌm/ 1. A past attendee or graduate (of any gender) of a college, university or other educational institution. Labels: Canada, US Example: 1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59, Evanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events. Example: You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.
Word: clique Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French clique, ultimately of imitative origin. Influenced by claque, though this may have happened in French rather than in English. Pronunciation: /kliːk/, /ˈklɪk/ 1. A small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal. Example: This school used to be really friendly, but now everyone keeps to their own cliques. Example: There had been talk of some disagreement about a picture, but in Sir Maxwell's experience, artists frequently disagreed about pictures, with no more consequences than a little cold-shouldering or the formation of a clique. 2. A subgraph isomorphic to a complete graph. Example: The problem of finding the largest clique in an arbitrary graph is NP-complete. 3. A group of related web sites that link to each other, like a webring but with exclusive membership determined by the clique owner. Labels: Internet Example: Does anyone know what an internet clique is/does? I came across a few and am thoroughly confused. Example: even though we're not "regulars" anymore...*sniffle*...we still can't forget the NG...i always tell new fans about it...(people who join my clique, etc...)...and besides...i owe the NG a LOT...itz where i met my best friend... 4. A shortened form of the Skeleton Clique, the fan base of the Twenty One Pilots. Example: The Skeleton Clique, often referred to as just 'the clique,' is what members of the Twenty One Pilots fandom have dubbed themselves.
Word: clique Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French clique, ultimately of imitative origin. Influenced by claque, though this may have happened in French rather than in English. Pronunciation: /kliːk/, /ˈklɪk/ 1. To associate together in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired end; to plot. Labels: intransitive
Word: clique Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from French clique, ultimately of imitative origin. Influenced by claque, though this may have happened in French rather than in English. Pronunciation: /kliːk/, /ˈklɪk/ 1. Alternative letter-case form of Clique. Labels: alt-of
Word: charity mugger Part of Speech: noun 1. A person employed by a charity, or by an intermediary fundraising agency employed by the charity, who stands in the street and invites passersby to set up standing orders or direct debits to make regular donations to the charity. Labels: derogatory, idiomatic
Word: amide Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Egyptian jmnbor. Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓́μμων (Ắmmōn)bor. Latin Ammōn Latin ammoniacusder. English ammonia Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idusder. English -ide English amide From ammonia + -ide. Pronunciation: /ˈæ.maɪd/, /ˈeɪ.maɪd/, /ˈæ.mɪd/ 1. Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides 2. Any ionic derivative of ammonia in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a metal cation (R-NH⁻ or R₂N⁻)
Word: amino Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Egyptian jmnbor. Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓́μμων (Ắmmōn)bor. Latin Ammōn Latin ammoniacusder. English ammonia Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English amine Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English amino- English amino From the prefix amino-, from amine, from ammonia + -ine. Pronunciation: /əˈmiːnəʊ/, /əˈmaɪnəʊ/, /əˈminoʊ/ 1. Relating to an amine. Labels: not-comparable
Word: amino Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Egyptian jmnbor. Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓́μμων (Ắmmōn)bor. Latin Ammōn Latin ammoniacusder. English ammonia Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English amine Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English amino- English amino From the prefix amino-, from amine, from ammonia + -ine. Pronunciation: /əˈmiːnəʊ/, /əˈmaɪnəʊ/, /əˈminoʊ/ 1. The amine functional group. 2. An amino acid.
Word: amir Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of Amir, emir, admiral, and amira. 1. Alternative form of emir. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: amp Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈæmp/, [ˈæmp], /ˈeə̯mp/, [ˈeə̯mp], /ˈɛə̯mp/ 1. Clipping of ampere. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable 2. Clipping of amplifier. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable 3. Clipping of ampoule. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable Example: The physician had included a note which said: "Dear Miss ........, I could not get the name of your friend over the phone so I am sending two prescriptions for Methedrine amps and one prescription for Drinalfa ten cc vials. 4. Clipping of amputee. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable 5. Clipping of amphetamine. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, uncountable 6. Clipping of ampicillin. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, uncountable 7. Clipping of ampersand. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, countable
Word: amp Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈæmp/, [ˈæmp], /ˈeə̯mp/, [ˈeə̯mp], /ˈɛə̯mp/ 1. To amplify. Labels: colloquial, usually Example: He asked the disk jockey to amp it up. 2. To excite. Labels: colloquial, usually Example: Well you're very amped up today, what's got you so excited? Example: In the distance, the music thumped, amping the crowd higher. 3. To intensify or increase. Labels: colloquial, usually Example: Amping the Justin Timberlake cameos and revving up Jiggytron 5000, these Peas want to be on Middle America's fickle plate — losing little dread-whippin' imaginativeness in the wizzash. Example: 2014, Andy Paul, Amp Up Your Sales, AMACOM Books 4. To connect to amplifiers. Labels: colloquial, usually Example: and even the Velvet Underground were still only amping up conventional instruments
Word: ana Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Formed from the Latin suffix -ana; compare ism (from -ism), itis (from -itis), phobia (from -phobia). Pronunciation: /ˈæ.nə/, /ˈɑn.ə/, /ˈɑː.nə/ 1. A collection of things associated with a person or place, especially a personal collection of anecdotes or conversations at table Example: The FRENCH ANAS, or Selections from the best of the French Anas, interspersed with biographical sketches. In three elegant Volumes, small 8vo. price 15s. boards Example: Jefferson was aware of the literary tradition of anas, which extended back at least as far as Athenaeus's Dipnosophistarum, a delightful collection of table talk from ancient times covering a variety of subjects including law, literature, medicine, and philosophy.
Word: ana Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “of each”). Pronunciation: /ˈæ.nə/ 1. Of each; an equal quantity. Labels: not-comparable Example: wine and honey, ana / ij Example: Take Sugrede Coriandre ſeedes 3 qv. of an ovvnce, deſcidede liqveriſh ℥ [?]. Calmus, redd Roſes, ana a q. of an ounce, Cĩnamone 3 qv. of an ounce, Ginger, cloves, Mace, Nuttmegges, ana a q. of an oũce, all vvhich being contunded together, & as much Suger mixede thervvith, as ther is of the other poulder, or accordinge as vve deſire the dulcor therof, vve muſt in the morning faſting, or one hovver before ſuppervſe heerof.
Word: ana Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of anorexia; intentionally formed to resemble the given name Ana as form of personification and coded language. Compare mia. Pronunciation: /ˈæ.nə/ 1. Anorexia. Labels: Internet, uncountable
Word: ana Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Ancient Greek; see ana-. Pronunciation: /ˈæ.nə/ 1. In a direction analogous to up, but along the additional axis added by the fourth dimension. Example: Your right half would move ana, let us say, and your left half would move kata. The two halves would, in their parallel spaces, move past the plane of rotation, and then they would swing back into our space. Example: Added to the conventional FPS control keys are two extra keys that move the player in ana and kata direction in 4d space. If you go in this extra direction the space around you changes, the room transforms.
Word: ana Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Hindi अन्न (ann, “food, grain”), आना (ānā), from Sanskrit अन्न (anna). Pronunciation: /ˈæ.nə/ 1. Alternative form of anna (“a former subdivision of the rupee”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: anas Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ana Labels: form-of, plural
Word: angst Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German Angst or Danish angst; attested since the 19th century in English translations of the works of Søren Kierkegaard. Initially capitalized (as in German and contemporaneous Danish), the term first began to be written with a lowercase "a" around 1940–44. The German and Danish terms both derive from Middle High German angest, from Old High German angust, from Proto-Germanic *angustiz; related to anguish, Dutch angst, Swedish ångest. Pronunciation: /ˈæŋ(k)st/, [ˈæŋ(k)st], /ˈeɪ̯ŋ(k)st/, [ˈeɪ̯ŋ(k)st], /ˈɛ̃ŋ(k)st/ 1. Emotional turmoil; painful sadness; anguish. Labels: uncountable Example: I've begun to regret that we'd ever met / Between the dimensions. / It gets such a strain to pretend that the change / Is anything but cheap. / With your infant pique and your angst pretensions / Sometimes you act like such a creep. Example: Harry's adolescence is theatrical and gaudy, and many of its key scenes have a lurid and camp quality that is appropriate to the exaggerated mood-shifting and self-dramatizing of teen angst. 2. A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety. Labels: uncountable 3. Fiction focusing on characters experiencing strong emotions and conflicts with other characters. Labels: uncountable Example: General: a story with a general theme. It is neither romance or angst but may incorporate elements of all other genres. Example: Fans prefer fluff to other types of fic. But angst (dramatic stories where characters have a wide range of emotions, including ... angsty ones) comes in a close second.
Word: angst Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from German Angst or Danish angst; attested since the 19th century in English translations of the works of Søren Kierkegaard. Initially capitalized (as in German and contemporaneous Danish), the term first began to be written with a lowercase "a" around 1940–44. The German and Danish terms both derive from Middle High German angest, from Old High German angust, from Proto-Germanic *angustiz; related to anguish, Dutch angst, Swedish ångest. Pronunciation: /ˈæŋ(k)st/, [ˈæŋ(k)st], /ˈeɪ̯ŋ(k)st/, [ˈeɪ̯ŋ(k)st], /ˈɛ̃ŋ(k)st/ 1. To suffer angst; to fret. Labels: informal, intransitive Example: In the second scene, the camera switches to the father listening, angsting, dying inside, but saying nothing. Example: She'd never angsted so much about her head as she had in the past twenty-four hours. Why the hell hadn't she just left it alone?
Word: alder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English aldre, alder, aller, from Old English alor, from Proto-West Germanic *aluʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō, *alizō, *alisō. Pronunciation: /ˈɔːldə/, /ˈɔldɚ/, /ˈɑldɚ/ 1. Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family. Example: I’ve known ere now an interfering branch / Of alder catch my lifted axe behind me. / But that was in the woods, to hold my hand / From striking at another alder’s roots, / And that was, as I say, an alder branch. Example: Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.
Word: alder Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of alderman. 1. An alderman or alderwoman. Example: Almost immediately, city alders contacted the campaign to negotiate an ordinance. Example: Chicago's mayor Edward Kennelly, the city alders, and many white Chicagoans opposed this siting plan.
Word: amble Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English amblen, from Old French ambler (“walk as a horse does”), from Old Occitan amblar, from Latin ambulō (“to walk”). Doublet of ambulate. Pronunciation: /ˈæm.bəl/ 1. An unhurried leisurely walk or stroll. Example: slow amble Example: casual amble 2. An easy gait, especially that of a horse. 3. That which follows the preamble, by analogy.
Word: amble Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English amblen, from Old French ambler (“walk as a horse does”), from Old Occitan amblar, from Latin ambulō (“to walk”). Doublet of ambulate. Pronunciation: /ˈæm.bəl/ 1. To stroll or walk slowly and leisurely. Labels: intransitive Example: amble through the park Example: slow amble 2. Of a quadruped: to move along by using both legs on one side, and then the other. Labels: intransitive
Word: amort Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French à la mort (“to the death”) reinterpreted as all amort. 1. As if dead; depressed Labels: archaic, literary Example: How fares my Kate? What, sweeting, all amort? Example: How nowe fellowe Franticke, what all a mort? Doth this sadnes become thy madnes?
Word: anarch Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (ă-) Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-)der. English an- English -arch English anarch From an- + -arch. 1. The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt. Example: Thus Satan; and him thus the Anarch old / With falt'ring speech and visage incomposed / Answer'd. Example: 1830, George Gordon Byron, Thomas Moore (editor), poem fragment, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: With Notices of His Life, Volume 1, page 302, One rank'd in some recording page / With the worst anarchs of the age, / Him wilt thou know — and, knowing, pause,
Word: anion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- Proto-Hellenic *aná Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (ănắ) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-) Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti Proto-Hellenic *éimi Ancient Greek ῐ̓όν (ĭón) Ancient Greek ἀνῐόν (anĭón)lbor. English anion Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνιόν (anión, “(thing) going up”), neuter present participle of ἄνειμι (áneimi, “go up”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + εἶμι (eîmi, “go”). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, an- (“up, away, forward”) + ion. Pronunciation: /ˈænˌaɪ.ən/, /ˈænˌaɪ.ɑn/, /ˈænˌaɪ.ɒn/ 1. A negatively charged ion.
Word: anise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Egyptian jnstbor. Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson)bor. Latin anīsumder. Old French anisbor. Middle English anys English anise From Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst. Pronunciation: /ˈæn.ɪs/, /æˈnis/, /əˈnis/ 1. An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A concoction consisting of saffron, orange blossoms, dried dates, anise, wild carrots, and egg yolk, boiled in clear water into which honey and the blood of two freshly killed doves have been poured, is recommended by Arabs as a sexual inducement. 2. Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare. Labels: US, countable, uncountable Example: […] of the butcherbirds which were perched on the electric wires skirting the road must be nesting birds, and that in the absence of trees or brush they must be nesting in some of the weeds along the highway, mostly anise (Foeniculum vulgare).
Word: anneal Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”). The double-N spelling may have arisen by analogy with Latinate verbs like announce, annex, and annul. The word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”). Pronunciation: /əˈniːl/ 1. To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen. Example: The best tough soft iron, such as will weld round, is drawn into rods by smiths, using charcoal fires, and taking welding heats every time, the rod is about 1.4 inch diameter, 9 or 10 feet long, containing 4lbs. each, tapered at each end to a long point; they are first anealed by being brought to a bright red heat, in a furnace excluding the air as much as possible, for if the air can be entirely excluded, no scab will rise in anealing; […] Example: On closer inspection it appeared that steel annealed at 100° is, cæteris paribus, more easily soluble than glass hard steel; steel annealed at 200° more easily soluble than steel annealed at 100°, and steel annealed at 360° more easily soluble than steel annealed at 200°. […] These curious results were substantiated by annealing one-half of short glass hard rods (ca. 5ᶜᵐ in length) at red heat on dissolving in HCl, the diameter of the soft length is diminished more rapidly than the diameter of the hard length. 2. To cool glass slowly, to minimize internal stress. 3. To burn colors onto a glass or other surface. Labels: archaic Example: It was customary to beautify the Prow with Gold, and various ſorts of Paint and Colours: […] Several other Colours were alſo made uſe of, nor were they barely varniſh'd over with them, but very often anneal'd by Wax melted in the Fire, ſo as neither the Sun, Winds, or Water were able to deface them. Example: Such were the features of her heavenly Face, / Her limbs were form'd with ſuch harmonious grace: / So faultleſs was the frame, as if the whole / Had been an emanation of the ſoul; / Which her own inward ſymmetry reveal'd; / And like a picture ſhone, in glaſs anneal'd. 4. To make a double-stranded nucleic acid by pairing a single strand with a complementary strand. Labels: ambitransitive Example: The 5′ junction is checked using a target gene-specific primer of ~21 nucleotides, which anneals upstream of the cassette integration site, together with a primer which anneals downstream of the first loxP site in the PCR cassette. 5. To strengthen or harden. Labels: archaic, figuratively, poetic Example: The experience annealed them, strengthening their resolve.
Word: anneal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English anelen, onelen, from Old English onǣlan (“to burn, ignite, set fire to, consume, heat, enlighten, incite, inflame, inspire, kindle”), from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on”) + Proto-Germanic *ailijaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn”). The double-N spelling may have arisen by analogy with Latinate verbs like announce, annex, and annul. The word is related to Old English onāl (“that which is burnt, burning; incense”), Old English āl (“fire, burning”), Icelandic eldur (“fire”), Swedish eld (“fire, flame”), Danish ild (“fire”). Pronunciation: /əˈniːl/ 1. An act of annealing. Example: Additional information obtained from counting krypton-85 released during the anneals shows that only fractions of a per cent of the theoretical amount of gas are released […] Example: In contrast, our work showed that the 100% hydrogen anneal (1160°C for 45 min) led to a defect-free, atomically smooth surface. It should be noted that a high temperature anneal in Ar, H₂, or high vacuum is a well established pre-epitaxial growth step by which a native oxide film is removed to obtain a good quality epitaxial layer[…].
Word: anneal Part of Speech: verb 1. Alternative form of anele (“anoint”). Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: MABEL: Is he to die, unshriven – unannealed?
Word: anode Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-, “up”) and ὁδός (hodós, “path”), forming the New Greek compound ἄνοδος (ánodos). Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1834 for Michael Faraday, who introduced it later that year. By surface analysis, an- (“up, forward, away”) + -ode (“way”). Pronunciation: /ˈæn.əʊd/, /ˈæn.oʊd/ 1. An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively). 2. (by extension) The electrode at which chemical oxidation of anions takes place, usually resulting in the erosion of metal from the electrode. 3. The electrode which collects electrons emitted by the cathode in a vacuum tube or gas-filled tube. 4. That electrode of a semiconductor device which is connected to the p-type material of a p-n junction.
Word: anomie Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French anomie, from Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía, “lawlessness”), from ἄνομος (ánomos, “lawless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”). Popularized by French sociologist Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). Pronunciation: /ˈæn.ə.mi/, /a.noʊ̯ˈmi/ 1. Alienation or social instability caused by erosion of standards and values. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This is in line with sociologist Emile Durkheim's seminal study Suicide (1897 [1997]), which argued that "anomie", or normlessness, could explain variations in suicide rates across countries and time. Example: Although the hypotheses on what causes anomie are different and reflect the social conditions of different societies, the concept itself refers to the same idea/phenomenon: a weakening of the guiding power of social norms, a loosened social control.
Word: antes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ante Labels: form-of, plural
Word: antes Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of ante Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: aorta Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”), from ἀορτέω (aortéō), lengthened form of ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”). Pronunciation: /eɪˈɔːtə/, /eɪˈɔɹtə/ 1. The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system. 2. The liveliest part of something. Labels: figuratively Example: Tracing their battles, I had many occasions to walk along Second Avenue, the aorta of the Lower East Side, exploring places that were once as vibrant and tumultuous as Midtown Manhattan.
Word: aphid Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From New Latin aphis (plural aphides), coined by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. His inspiration for the name remains unclear; OED suggests it might stem from a misreading of Ancient Greek κορις (koris, “bug”) (see diagram), in which case the nominative -ις (-is) suffix was reanalyzed as -ις, -ιδος (-is, -idos); while AHD suggests a connection to Ancient Greek ἀφειδής (apheidḗs, “unsparing, lavishly borrowed”) in reference to the insects' voracity or rapid rate of production, from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φείδομαι (pheídomai, “to spare, be thrifty, be merciful”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to split”). Doublet of aphis. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.fɪd/ 1. A sap-sucking insect pest of the superfamily Aphidoidea; an aphidian.
Word: apogee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French apogée, from Latin apogaeum, apogēum, from Ancient Greek ἀπόγειον (apógeion, “away from Earth”), from ἀπό (apó, “away”) + γῆ (gê, “Earth”). Pronunciation: /ˈæp.ə.d͡ʒi/ 1. The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter. 2. The point, in an orbit about any planet, that is farthest from the planet: the apoapsis of any satellite. Labels: broadly Example: Conjunctions of I and II [Io and Europa] occur when they are near perigee and apogee respectively; conjunctions of II and III [Europa and Ganymede] occur when II [Europa] is near perigee. Example: The resolution of the images obtained by this American probe [Messenger] will depend on its altitude [above Mercury] at any one time: about ten meters at perigee (200km altitude), but only one 1 km at apogee (15000km). 3. The point, in any trajectory of an object in space, where it is farthest from the Earth. 4. The highest point. Labels: figuratively Example: Another manifestation, significantly reaching its apogee in the midst of Antonine virtues, was the growing popularity of adoxographical exercises. Mock panegyrics were dashed off, not just by sardonic intellectuals such as Lucian, but also by trained courtiers and polished encomiasts of the stamp of [Marcus Cornelius] Fronto. Example: The cult of the chief executive reached its apogee in the nineteen-nineties, a period when C.E.O.s seemed not so much to serve their companies as to embody them.
Word: apse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “to bind, join”). Pronunciation: /æps/ 1. The rounded east end of a church that contains or is behind the altar. Example: Holonyms: church, cathedral Example: Meronyms: ambulatory, apse chapels 2. The rounded east end of a church that contains or is behind the altar. 3. A semicircular projection from any building that is similar to a church's apse. Example: The college has an apse that once held a small chapel. 4. The bishop's seat or throne in ancient churches. 5. A reliquary: a case in which the relics of saints are kept. 6. Obsolete form of apsis (“the nearest and furthest points to the centre of gravitational attraction for a body in orbit”). Labels: alt-of, obsolete
Word: apse Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /æps/ 1. An aspen tree. Labels: dialectal, obsolete
Word: argot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French argot, of unknown origin. Pronunciation: /ˈɑːɡəʊ/, /ˈɑɹɡoʊ/, /ˈɑɹɡət/ 1. A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps and vagabonds. Example: Sadie had, in the argot of the day, a really good built. 2. The specialized informal vocabulary and terminology used between people with special skill in a field, such as between doctors, mathematicians or hackers. Example: The conversation was in the argot of the trade, full of acronyms and abbreviations that made no sense to the uninitiate. 3. A strongly marked style of speaking. Example: Merle spoke in the thin nasal argot of this city's slums: "This the fus toim yez been lobbed, oy, kiddow?"
Word: Argus Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄργος (Árgos). Pronunciation: /ˈɑːɡəs/ 1. A mythical being, also called Argos or Argus Panoptes, with many eyes, a watchman who served Hera; his eyes were later transplanted to the peacock's tail. Labels: Greek
Word: Argus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄργος (Árgos). Pronunciation: /ˈɑːɡəs/ 1. Alternative form of argus (“watchful guardian”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: arhat Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्हत् (arhat, “worthy of worship”), used as a title for sanctified Buddhists. Doublet of arahant and arihant. Pronunciation: /ˈɑː(ɹ)hæt/ 1. One who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint. Example: 1954: Over and against the arhat, retreating from appearances into an entirely transcendental Nirvana, stands the Bodhisattva, for whom Suchness and the world of contingencies are one — Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception (Chatto & Windus 1954, p. 32) 2. One of the stages of the ascetic's spiritual evolution, when all passions (anger, ego, deception, greed, attachment, hatred and ignorance) are destroyed. Labels: Jainism
Word: arrack Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See arak. Pronunciation: /əˈɹæk/, /ˈɛɹ.ɪk/ 1. An alcoholic drink distilled from coconut palm flowers in South Asia. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: From hence we firſt ſailed to Achin, in the iſland of Sumatra, and then to Siam, where we bartered our wares for ſome arrack and opium, the laſt of which bore a great price among the Chineſe:[…] Example: […] the cocoa-nut tree yields a pure draught from a dry and barren land; a cup of water to the temperate and thirsty traveler; a cup of cream from the pressed kernel; a cup of refreshing and sparkling toddy to the early riser; a cup of arrack to the hardened spirit-drinker, and a cup of oil, by the light of which I now extol its merits—five separate and distinct liquids from the same tree! 2. An alcoholic drink made from sugar cane and fermented red rice in Indonesia. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Like rum, proper Batavia arrack from Indonesia, also known as arak or rack, is distilled from sugarcane. Unlike rum, it has a healthy dose of red rice added to the mash. Example: Today, arrack is still produced and consumed in parts of Indonesia. It has a particular important position among the Hindus in Bali and Lombok, who use it in ritual and sometimes also in the non-ritual, secular context. 3. Alternative spelling of arak (“aniseed-flavored alcoholic drink consumed primarily in the Middle East”). Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable Example: When he walked in and out, looking at the house in connection with the sun, the trees, and the lake, and said, rubbing his hands with might of heartiness, “Well done! Make the dowar now as ye well know, and to-night we will sweeten the bread with arrack, and the milk with honey, and at every fire there shall be a kid. […]”
Word: arroyo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish arroyo. Pronunciation: /əˈɹɔɪ.əʊ/, /əˈɹɔɪ.oʊ/ 1. A dry creek or streambed, a gulch which temporarily or seasonally fills and flows (after sufficient rain). Example: Near-synonyms: wadi, nahal, wash, dry wash (synonymous other than regiolectal specificity) Example: Across the field were the tents, and beyond them the brown cottonfields that stretched out of sight to the brown arroyo foothills and then the snow-capped Sierras in the morning air. 2. Any watercourse; any rivulet (whether it flows year-round or only seasonally).
Word: arsine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃enyomder. Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam Proto-Iranian *jr̥Hanyam Old Median *zaranyam Old Median *kā Old Median *zaraniyakāder. Middle Persian *zarnīkbor. Classical Syriac ܙܪܢܝܟܐ (zarnīḵā)der. Arabic الزَرْنِيخ (az-zarnīḵ)bor. Byzantine Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón)der. Latin arsenicumder. Middle French arsenicbor. Middle English arsenik English arsenic Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English arsine From ars(enic) + -ine (“suffix used to form names of chemical substances”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː(ɹ)siːn/, /ˈɑː(ɹ)saɪn/ 1. A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH₃, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having an odor like garlic. Labels: uncountable 2. Any organic derivative of this compound, or of diarsane, triarsane etc. Labels: countable
Word: aryl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Hellenic *-tós Ancient Greek -τος (-tos) ▲ Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Ancient Greek -τικός (-tikós) Ancient Greek ἀρωματικός (arōmatikós)bor. Late Latin arōmaticusder. Old French aromatique Middle Frenchbor. Middle English English aromatic Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. Frenchder. English -yl English aryl From aromatic + -yl. Pronunciation: /ˈæɹaɪl/, /ˈæɹɪl/ 1. Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.
Word: aspen Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English aspen, corresponding to asp + -en. Pronunciation: /ˈæspən/ 1. Pertaining to the aspen tree. 2. Tremulous, trembling. Labels: obsolete Example: And then poore Aspen wretch, neglected thou / Bath'd in a cold quicksilver sweat wilt lye / A veryer ghost than I […]. 3. Resembling an asp in some way Labels: obsolete 4. Resembling an asp in some way Labels: obsolete
Word: aspen Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English aspen, from Old English æspen, Old English æspan (combining form), from Old English æspe (“aspen”). More at asp. Pronunciation: /ˈæspən/ 1. A poplar tree, especially of section Populus sect. Populus, of medium-size trees with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color. Example: Above a certain elevation, the aspens gave way to scrubby, gnarled pines. Example: ſtaggering like a quiuering Aſpen leafe, Fearing the force of Boreas boiſtrous blaſts. 2. The wood of such a tree; usually pale, lightweight and soft. Labels: uncountable Example: She claimed that aspen was the only "proper" material from which to make a wicker basket.
Word: assai Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Borrowed from Italian assai. 1. A tempo direction equivalent to "very". Labels: not-comparable
Word: assai Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of acai. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: "What do you make of that?" he asked. "It is surely an Assai palm," said Summerlee. "Exactly. It was an Assai palm which I took for my landmark. The secret opening is half a mile onwards upon the other side of the river."
Word: assay Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English assay (noun) and assayen (verb), from Anglo-Norman assai (noun) and Anglo-Norman assaier (verb), from Old French essai. Doublet of essay. Pronunciation: /ˈæseɪ/, /əˈseɪ/ 1. Trial, attempt. Example: I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the assay than it now seems at distance. 2. Examination and determination; test. Example: This cannot be, by no assay of reason. 3. The qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of something. 4. Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried. Example: Through many hard assayes which did betide. 5. Tested purity or value. Example: Purfled with gold and pearl of rich assay. 6. The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin. 7. The alloy or metal to be assayed.
Word: assay Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English assay (noun) and assayen (verb), from Anglo-Norman assai (noun) and Anglo-Norman assaier (verb), from Old French essai. Doublet of essay. Pronunciation: /ˈæseɪ/, /əˈseɪ/ 1. To attempt (something). Labels: transitive Example: To-night let us assay our plot. Example: Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed. 2. To try, attempt (to do something). Labels: archaic, intransitive Example: When Saul cam to Jerusalem he assayde to cople hymsilfe with the apostles, and they wer all afrayde of hym and beleved not that he was a disciple. 3. To analyze or estimate the composition or value of (a metal, ore etc.). Labels: transitive 4. To test the abilities of (someone) in combat; to fight. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: I wold not by my wille that ony of vs were matched with hym Nay said sir Gawayne not so it were shame to vs were he not assayed were he neuer soo good a knyghte Example: The marquis, in obsession for his wife, Longed to expose her constancy to test. He could not throw the thought away or rest, Having a marvellous passion to assay her; Needless, God knows, to frighten and dismay her, He had assayed her faith enough before And ever found her good; what was the need Of heaping trial on her, more and more? 5. To affect. Example: when the heart is ill assay'd 6. To try tasting, as food or drink.
Word: atonal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English tonal English atonal From a- + tonal. Pronunciation: /eɪˈtoʊnəl/, /eɪˈtəʊnəl/ 1. Lacking a tonal center or key. Example: Gimme some of that ol' atonal music / It lingers in my ears / Schoenberg and Alban Berg / Were the genre's pioneers 2. Not tonal, lacking tones.
Word: atone Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From atone (“reconciled”), from Middle English atone, attone, atoon (“agreed”, literally “at one”), equivalent to at + one. Compare Latin adūnō (“to unite, make one”) for the similar formation. Regarding the different phonological development of atone and one, see the note in one. Pronunciation: /əˈtəʊn/, /əˈtoʊn/, [əˈtʰoʊ̯n] 1. To make reparation, compensation, amends or satisfaction for an offence, crime, mistake or deficiency. Labels: ambitransitive Example: He tried to atone for his mistakes by working harder. Example: She gave a donation to atone for her past actions. 2. To bring at one or at concordance; to reconcile; to suffer appeasement. Labels: obsolete, transitive 3. To agree or accord; to be in accordance or harmony. Labels: intransitive, obsolete 4. To unite in making. Labels: obsolete, transitive 5. To absolve (someone else) of wrongdoing, especially by standing as an equivalent. Labels: proscribed
Word: atrium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/ 1. A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings. 2. A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. 3. A cavity, entrance, or passage. Example: an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs 4. Any enclosed body cavity or chamber. 5. An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle. In higher vertebrates, the right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, and the left atrium receives blood from the left and right pulmonary veins. 6. A microscopic air sac within a pulmonary alveolus. 7. A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain. Example: Nexine 0.5μ thick, separating from the sexine about 5μ from the pore and forming a deep, well-defined atrium.