nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: proceed Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English proceden, from Old French proceder, from Latin prōcēdō (“to go forth, go forward, advance”), from prō (“forth”) + cēdō (“to go”); see cede. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈsiːd/, /pɹəˈsid/, /ˈpɹoʊsid/ 1. To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to carry on. Labels: intransitive Example: to proceed on a journey Example: Having completed their task, Fireman Page telephoned from a lineside box to the next signal cabin, briefly reported the incident and said that, as no high explosive had dropped and the track was safe, they proposed proceeding "at caution". 2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another. Labels: intransitive Example: to proceed with a story or argument Example: There the missionaries learned that they were to stay for a longer period, and they were lodged in a shed surrounded by rice fields. This was different from what they had expected, because they had been told in Canton that Father Ts’ai had arranged for a place in Hsiang-t’an. They therefore wished to proceed to Hsiang-t’an, but since that was impossible under the circumstances, they asked Liu Shêng-tuan to be their messenger to Father Liu asking him to come to them. 3. To come from; to have as its source or origin. Labels: intransitive Example: Light proceeds from the sun. 4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act methodically. Labels: intransitive Example: He that proceeds upon others Principles in his Enquiry into any Sciences, though he be reſolv’d to examine them and judge of them freely, does yet at leaſt put himſelf on that ſide, and poſt himſelf in a Party which he will not quit ’till he be beaten out; […] 5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. Labels: intransitive Example: And he will (after his ſowre faſhion) tell you What hath proceeded worthy note to day. 6. To be applicable or effective; to be valid. Labels: intransitive Example: For it [this rule] only proceeds and takes place, when a Perſon cannot of common Right condemn or bind another by his Sentence; […] 7. To begin and carry on a legal process. Labels: intransitive Example: “Gentlemen, shall we proceed?” the judge said. From the beginning, Judge Fong appeared bored at Levine's coaxing remarks. 8. To take an academic degree. Labels: intransitive
Word: procreative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin prōcreātīvus. By surface analysis, procreate + -ive. 1. Having the power to beget; generative. Example: The tortoise, with its characteristic protrusion of the head and neck, was a symbol sacred to Venus. It represented the procreative principle.
Word: profess Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French professer, and its source, the participle stem of Latin profitērī, from pro- + fatērī (“to confess, acknowledge”). Pronunciation: /pɹəˈfɛs/ 1. To administer the vows of a religious order to (someone); to admit to a religious order. Labels: transitive Example: This swayed the balance decisively in Mary's favour, and she was professed on 8 September 1578. 2. To declare oneself (to be something). Labels: reflexive Example: They've professed themselves delighted with the results. Example: Kiefer professes himself amused by the fuss that ensued when he announced that he was buying the Mülheim-Kärlich reactor[…]. 3. To declare; to assert, affirm. Labels: ambitransitive Example: Having professed her belief in the remedy, she had little choice but to try it. Example: He professes to haue receiued no sinister measure from his Iudge, but most willingly humbles himselfe to the determination of Iustice[…]. 4. To make a claim (to be something); to lay claim to (a given quality, feeling etc.), often with connotations of insincerity. Labels: transitive Example: Many profess to despise what secretly they hunger after. Example: Ed Miliband professed ignorance of the comment when he was approached by the BBC later. 5. To declare one's adherence to (a religion, deity, principle etc.). Labels: transitive Example: [N]ow ſuch a liue vngodly, vvithout a care of doing the wil of the Lord (though they profeſſe him in their mouths, yea though they beleeue and acknowledge all the Articles of the Creed, yea haue knowledge of the Scripturs) yet if they liue vngodly, they deny God, and therefore ſhal be denied, […] Example: The remainder of the population, about two-thirds, belongs to the Mongolian race and professes Buddhism. 6. To work as a professor of; to teach. Labels: transitive Example: he was a Spaniard, who about two hundred yeeres since professed Physicke in Tholouse[…]. 7. To claim to have knowledge or understanding of (a given area of interest, subject matter). Labels: archaic, transitive
Word: proffer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English profre (“act of offering or presenting a gift; offer of something; challenge; sacrifice; act of petitioning or requesting; petition, request; proposal, suggestion; idea, thought; attempt, effort; appearance; (law) payment to the Exchequer by a sheriff or other officer of estimated revenue due to the monarch”) [and other forms], and then: * partly from Late Latin profrum, proferum (“payment to the Exchequer of estimated revenue due to the monarch (also puruoffrus), offer to convict a criminal”), and from its likely etymon Anglo-Norman profre, proffre, porofre (“payment to the Exchequer of estimated revenue due to the monarch; offer, proposal”), and * partly from the verb. The verb is derived from Late Middle English prouffer, prouffre, Middle English profren, profer, proffere (“to offer, propose; to deliver, hand over, present; to take up; to volunteer; to dedicate; to attempt, try; to risk; to challenge; to provide; to ask, invite; to proceed, start; to grant; to argue”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman profrer, proferer, profferer, proffrir, propherer, proufrir, and Old French proferir, proffrir, profrir (“to offer, propose; to present; to volunteer”), variants of Anglo-Norman puroffrir and Middle French poroffrir, paroffrir, Old French poroffrir, paroffrir, porofrir, from por-, pur- (prefix meaning ‘to go through’ or having an intensifying effect) + offrir, ofrir (“to offer”) (modern French offrir (“to offer; to give as a gift; to open oneself up to (someone)”)). Offrir is derived from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre, present active infinitive of offerō (“to offer, present; to exhibit, show; to expose; to cause, inflict; to consecrate, dedicate; to sacrifice”) (from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to support; to endure; to bring forth; to put in motion; to move forward”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”))). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒfə(ɹ)/, /ˈpɹɑfɚ/ 1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a tender. Example: [T]heir ovvn eies vvilbe perhaps more curious iudges, out of heareſay they may have builded many conceites, vvhich I can not perchaunce vvil not performe, then vvil vndeſerued repentance be a greater ſhame and iniurie vnto me, then their vndeſerued proffer, is honour. Example: Her lips, man, her lips! and that's a proffer I would not make to every one who crosses my threshold. But, by good St Valentine, (whose holiday will dawn to-morrow,) I am so glad to see thee in the bonny city of Perth again, that it would be hard to tell the thing I could refuse thee. 2. An attempt, an essay. Labels: obsolete Example: [A]fter ſome reſiſtance with ſhotte and arrowes, and profer of onſet made by their horſemen, they were put to flight, [...] Example: It is a Thing ſtrange in Nature, when it is attentiuely conſidered, How Children and ſome Birds, learne to imitate Speech. [...] It is true, that it is done with time, and by little and little, and with many Eſſayes and Proffers: But all this diſchargeth not the VVonder.
Word: proffer Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English profre (“act of offering or presenting a gift; offer of something; challenge; sacrifice; act of petitioning or requesting; petition, request; proposal, suggestion; idea, thought; attempt, effort; appearance; (law) payment to the Exchequer by a sheriff or other officer of estimated revenue due to the monarch”) [and other forms], and then: * partly from Late Latin profrum, proferum (“payment to the Exchequer of estimated revenue due to the monarch (also puruoffrus), offer to convict a criminal”), and from its likely etymon Anglo-Norman profre, proffre, porofre (“payment to the Exchequer of estimated revenue due to the monarch; offer, proposal”), and * partly from the verb. The verb is derived from Late Middle English prouffer, prouffre, Middle English profren, profer, proffere (“to offer, propose; to deliver, hand over, present; to take up; to volunteer; to dedicate; to attempt, try; to risk; to challenge; to provide; to ask, invite; to proceed, start; to grant; to argue”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman profrer, proferer, profferer, proffrir, propherer, proufrir, and Old French proferir, proffrir, profrir (“to offer, propose; to present; to volunteer”), variants of Anglo-Norman puroffrir and Middle French poroffrir, paroffrir, Old French poroffrir, paroffrir, porofrir, from por-, pur- (prefix meaning ‘to go through’ or having an intensifying effect) + offrir, ofrir (“to offer”) (modern French offrir (“to offer; to give as a gift; to open oneself up to (someone)”)). Offrir is derived from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, from Latin offerre, present active infinitive of offerō (“to offer, present; to exhibit, show; to expose; to cause, inflict; to consecrate, dedicate; to sacrifice”) (from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + ferō (“to bear, carry; to support; to endure; to bring forth; to put in motion; to move forward”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”))). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒfə(ɹ)/, /ˈpɹɑfɚ/ 1. To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of. Labels: reflexive, transitive Example: to proffer friendship, a gift, or services Example: Cæſar in this hath offered like himſelfe, / He proffereth to preſerue your tovvne vntouch'd: / Your goods, your vviues, your liues, your liberties: […] 2. To attempt or essay of one's own accord; to undertake or propose to undertake. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: [N]one among the choice and prime / Of thoſe Heav'n-warring Champions could be found / So hardie as to proffer or accept / Alone the dreadful voyage; [...]
Word: profligate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3) and pro-), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (1st conjugation compound verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/, /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/ 1. Inclined to waste resources or behave extravagantly. Example: [H]er Reputation—That—I have no Reaſon to believe is in Queſtion—But then hovv long her profligate Courſe of Pleaſures may make her able to keep it—is a ſhocking Queſtion! and her Preſumption VVhile ſhe keeps it—inſupportable! Example: His undignified and profligate exile—needy suitor to-day to the only heiress of the royal French blood, and to-morrow to one of the nieces of the Italian adventurer, Mazarin. Utterly neglectful of what he owes to the kingdom which he hopes to regain, Charles has learned but adversity's worst lesson—expediency. 2. Immoral; abandoned to vice. Example: Made prostitute and profligate the muse. Example: Time ſenſibly all things impairs; / Our fathers have been worſe than theirs; / And we than ours; next age will ſee / A race more profligate than we / (With all the pains we take) have ſkill enough to be. 3. Overthrown, ruined. Labels: adjective, error-misspelling, participle Example: The foe is profligate, and run.
Word: profligate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3) and pro-), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (1st conjugation compound verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/, /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/ 1. An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person. Example: Have you come to Nelson seeking your death, profligate? 2. An overly wasteful or extravagant individual. Example: He proposed to call witnesses to show how the prisoner, a profligate and spendthrift, had been at the end of his financial tether, and had also been carrying on an intrigue with a certain Mrs. Raikes, a neighbouring farmer’s wife.
Word: profligate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3) and pro-), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (1st conjugation compound verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/ 1. To drive away; to overcome. Labels: obsolete Example: Such a stipulation would remove one powerful temptation to profligate pennyless seducers, of whom there are too many prowling in the higher circles ;
Word: profligate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1535, the verb in 1542; borrowed from Latin prōflīgātus, perfect passive participle of prōflīgō (“to strike down, cast down”) (see -ate (etymology 1, 2 an 3) and pro-), from prō- (“forward”) + flīgō (“to strike, dash”) + -ō (1st conjugation compound verb-forming suffix). Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/ 1. Obsolete form of profligated (past participle of profligate): profligated: routed, overcome, driven away. Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: The Canon laws […] with their Author, are profligate out of this realm. Example: By whiche onely policie, the kynges armie was profligate and dispersed.
Word: progress Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English progresse, from Old French progres (“a going forward”), from Latin prōgressus (“an advance”), from the participle stem of prōgredī (“to go forward, advance, develop”), from pro- (“forth, before”) + gradi (“to walk, go”). Displaced native Old English forþgang. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹəʊ.ɡɹɛs/, /ˈpɹɑ.ɡɹɛs/, /-ɹəs/, /ˈpɹoʊ.ɡɹɛs/, [ˈp(ʰ)ɹoː.ɡɹɛs] 1. Movement or advancement through a series of events, or points in time; development through time. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Testing for the new antidote is currently in progress. 2. Specifically, advancement to a higher or more developed state; development, growth. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Science has made extraordinary progress in the last fifty years. Example: You wish for progress? The Ascians have it. They are deafened by it, crazed by the death of Nature till they are ready to accept Erebus and the rest as gods. 3. An official journey made by a monarch or other high personage; a state journey, a circuit. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: ... Queen Elizabeth in one of her progresses, stopping at Crawley to breakfast, was so delighted with some remarkably fine Hampshire beer which was then presented to her by the Crawley of the day (a handsome gentleman with a trim beard and a good leg), that she forthwith erected Crawley into a borough to send two members to Parliament ... Example: With the king about to go on progress, the trials and executions were deliberately timed. 4. A journey forward; travel. Labels: archaic, uncountable, usually Example: Now Tim began to be struck with these loitering progresses along the garden boundaries in the gloaming, and wondered what they boded. 5. Movement onwards, forwards, or towards a specific objective or direction; advance. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: The thick branches overhanging the path made progress difficult.
Word: progress Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From the noun. Lapsed into disuse in the 17th century, except in the US. Considered an Americanism on reintroduction to use in the UK. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈɡɹɛs/, /pɹəˈɡɹes/ 1. To move, go, or proceed forward; to advance. Labels: intransitive Example: Visitors progress through the museum at their own pace. Example: Scotland needed a victory by eight points to have a realistic chance of progressing to the knock-out stages, and for long periods of a ferocious contest looked as if they might pull it off. 2. To develop. Labels: intransitive Example: Societies progress unevenly. 3. To develop. Labels: broadly, intransitive 4. To expedite. Labels: transitive Example: Or […] they came to progress matters in which Dudley had taken a hand, and left defrauded or bound over to the king.
Word: propagate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in 1535; from Latin prōpāgātus, perfect passive participle of prōpāgō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Participial usage up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɑpəˌɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɔpəˌɡæɪt/, /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡæɪt/ 1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive production. Labels: transitive Example: June 1879, William Keith Brooks, Popular Science Monthly Volume 15 - The Condition of Women from a Zoological Point of View I A marked bud-variation is of very rare occurrence, but in many cases the tendency of plants raised from seeds to differ from the parents is so great that choice varieties are propagated entirely by buds. It is almost hopeless to attempt to propagate a choice variety of grape or strawberry by seeds, as the individuals raised in this way seldom have the valuable qualities of their parents, and, although they may have new qualities of equal or greater value, the chances are of course greatly against this, since the possibility of undesirable variation is much greater than the chance of a desirable sport. 2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space. Labels: transitive Example: to propagate sound or light 3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate. Labels: transitive Example: There began to appear from the East, cropping up now here, now there, but in general along lines of advance towards the West, individuals or small communities who proposed and propagated a new and, as they called it, a purified form of religion. Example: The works of the freethinker Averroes (twelfth century) which were based on Aristotle's philosophy, propagated a small wave of rationalism in Christian countries. 4. To multiply; to increase. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, / Which thou wilt propagate. 5. To generate; to produce. Labels: transitive Example: But to [Edmund] Burke, […] the mere act of movement became the principle or cause of movement. Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life. 6. To be propagated; to travel. Labels: intransitive 7. To produce young; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants. Labels: intransitive Example: As pigeons propagate so rapidly, I suppose that a thousand or fifteen hundred birds would have to be annually killed by mere chance. 8. To take effect on all relevant devices in a network. Labels: intransitive Example: It takes 24 hours for password changes to propagate throughout the system. 9. To cause to take effect on all relevant devices in a network. Labels: transitive Example: The server propagates the password file at midnight each day.
Word: propagate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in 1535; from Latin prōpāgātus, perfect passive participle of prōpāgō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Participial usage up until Early Modern English. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɑpəˌɡeɪt/, /ˈpɹɔpəˌɡæɪt/, /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡæɪt/ 1. propagated Labels: obsolete
Word: prophylactic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin prophylacticus, from Ancient Greek προφυλακτικός (prophulaktikós, “prophylactic”). Pronunciation: /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ 1. A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive. 2. A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive. Labels: US, specifically Example: It is not clear whether such education is to be directed to homosexuals (for whom prophylactics are not a contraceptive) or to heterosexuals as well (for whom prophylactics are a contraceptive). Example: Given the widespread use of coitus interruptus and male prophylactics as contraceptive practices in France […] 3. Any device or mechanism intended to prevent harmful consequences. Labels: figuratively Example: The securities laws are a prophylactic against stock fraud. Example: Since tere are increasingly powerful anti-free speech tendencies in the left in general and in the Lesbian and Gay movements in particular in the form of the antiporn movement and other tendencies, I will quote extensively from the second chapter of On Liberty, "On The Liberty Of Thought And Discussion," as a valuable and much needed prophylactic to these trends.
Word: prophylactic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin prophylacticus, from Ancient Greek προφυλακτικός (prophulaktikós, “prophylactic”). Pronunciation: /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ 1. Serving to prevent or protect against an undesired effect, especially disease or pregnancy.
Word: prosper Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French prosperer, from Latin prosperō (“to render happy”), from prosperus (“prosperous”), from Proto-Italic *prosparos, from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to succeed”), whence also Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɒspə(ɹ)/, /ˈpɹɑspɚ/, /ˈpɹɒspɚ/, /ˈpɹɔspə(ɹ)/ 1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain. Labels: intransitive Example: Yet his passion for her had grown fiercer than ever, and he swore to himself that he would win her back from her phantasies. She, one may believe, was ready enough to listen. As she walked with him by the Sker water his words were like musick to her ears, and Alison within doors laughed to herself and saw her devices prosper. 2. To grow; to increase. Labels: intransitive Example: And his master saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord made all that he did to prosper in his hand. 3. To favor; to render successful. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Prosper thou our handiwork. Example: Greensleeues now farewel adue God I pray to prosper thee: For I am stil thy louer true, come once againe and loue me.
Word: protean Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús)bor. English Proteus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Old French -ainder. Middle English -an English -an English protean From Proteus + -an, referrring to the Greek warden of sea-beasts, renowned for his ability to change shape. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹəʊ.tɪ.ən/, /pɹəʊˈtiː.ən/, /ˈpɹoʊ.tɪ.ən/, /pɹoʊˈtiː.ən/ 1. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms. Example: An amoeba is a protean animalcule. Example: Virus infection of the blood and bone marrow is probably responsible for all forms of the disease. The viral theory of origin accounts for the protean manifestations of the condition. 2. Alternative letter-case form of Protean: of or relating to Proteus. Labels: alt-of
Word: protean Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús)bor. English Proteus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Old French -ainder. Middle English -an English -an English protean From Proteus + -an, referrring to the Greek warden of sea-beasts, renowned for his ability to change shape. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹəʊ.tɪ.ən/, /pɹəʊˈtiː.ən/, /ˈpɹoʊ.tɪ.ən/, /pɹoʊˈtiː.ən/ 1. A protein that has been slightly modified by water, dilute acid, or enzymes, but not modified to the extent of a metaprotein.
Word: proud Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English proud, prout, prut, from Old English prūd, prūt (“proud, arrogant, haughty”) (compare Old English prȳtung (“pride”); prȳde, prȳte (“pride”), see also Old English deal), probably from Old French prod, prud (“brave, gallant”) (modern French preux), from Late Latin prōde (“useful”), derived from Latin prōdesse (“to be of value”); however, the Old English umlaut derivatives prȳte, prȳtian, etc. suggest the word may be older and possibly native. Compare Old Norse prýði (“ornament; gallantry, bravery”). See also pride. Cognate with German Low German praud, Old Norse prúðr (“gallant, brave, magnificent, stately, handsome, fine”) (Icelandic prúður, Middle Swedish prudh, Danish prud). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹaʊ̯d/, /ˈpɹæʊ̯d/, /ˈpɹaːd/ 1. Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified. Example: We're proud of having won / to have won. Example: LETO: Thufir Hawat has served House Atreides three generations. He swears you are the finest student he has ever taught. Yueh, Gurney and Duncan say the same. Makes me feel very proud. PAUL: I want you to be proud of me. 2. Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified. Example: That was not the proudest thing I did but I can’t deny it. 3. Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth. Example: I was too proud to apologise. Example: I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because "it was wicked to dress us like charity children". We nearly crowned her we were so offended. 4. Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful. Example: Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord: though hand ioyne in hand, he ſhall not be vnpuniſhed. Example: Death be not proud; though ſome have called thee / Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not ſoe, [...] 5. Generating a sense of pride; being a cause for pride. Example: It was a proud day when we finally won the championship. 6. standing upwards as in the manner of a proud person; stately or majestic. Example: Norsus [...] walked between the lines of soldiers in their bronze armour; keen swords in their hands and proud plumes fluttering from their helmets. 7. Standing out or raised; swollen. Example: After it had healed, the scar tissue stood proud of his flesh. Example: The weld was still a bit proud of the panel, so she ground it down flush. 8. Brave, valiant; gallant. Labels: obsolete 9. Excited by sexual desire; specifically of a female animal: in heat. Labels: obsolete
Word: provocative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French provocatif, and its source, Late Latin provocativus, from Latin provocare. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, /pɹəˈvɑ.kə.tɪv/, [pɹəˈvɑ.kə.ɾɪv], /pɹəˈvɔk.ə.tɪv/ 1. Serving or tending to elicit a strong, often negative sentiment in another person; exasperating. 2. Serving or tending to excite, stimulate or arouse sexual interest; sexy. 3. Provoking or triggering any response. Example: [I]t is a terrible long and slippery descent, and a shocking bad road. At the bottom, however, there is a pleasant public; whereat we must really take a modest quencher, for the down air is provocative of thirst. Example: And the ‘wailing noise,’ which had induced the prosaic, indurated London cabman to get twice off his box to see what was the matter, what anguish had been provocative of that?
Word: provocative Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French provocatif, and its source, Late Latin provocativus, from Latin provocare. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/, /pɹəˈvɑ.kə.tɪv/, [pɹəˈvɑ.kə.ɾɪv], /pɹəˈvɔk.ə.tɪv/ 1. Something that provokes an appetite, especially a sexual appetite; an aphrodisiac. Example: She used by way of Provocative, to read the wanton Verses of her Paramour in the day time [...]. Example: [A]nd that one great and all-important occasion and provocative of these beliefs was actually the rise of self-consciousness — that is, the coming of the mind to a more or less distinct awareness of itself and of its own operation, and the consequent development and growth of Individualism, and of the Self-centred attitude in human thought and action.
Word: prurient Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin prūriēns, present participle of prūriō (“itch”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɹʊəɹ.i.ənt/, /ˈpɹʊɹ.i.ənt/ 1. Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious anxiety or propensity; lustful. Example: We know that at that period certain indecencies in the dresses, even of those who were considered as the most refined and polished men of the age, were not only tolerated but ostentatiously displayed, and every sort of device that the most prurient mind could think of was had recourse to, to attract attention or excite a smile. Example: For example, some of the more prudish senders may have averted their attention from the sexual pictures while other more prurient viewers may have intensified their gaze. 2. Arousing or appealing to sexual desire. Example: […]nor is it more prurient or lascivious than many productions to be found in a circulating library. Example: But in contemporary consumerist societies, when the kids are safely in bed, television programs allow viewers to indulge their more prurient interests. 3. Curious, especially inappropriately so. Example: Had she known that prurient anecdotes, breaches of confidence, scandalous facts, and cruel observations, were intended to constitute the matter and to enhance the price, her very heart would have broken under the affliction such a disgraceful proceeding exhibited,... Example: Much of my discussion in the previous two chapters has focused on the dichotomy in Alemán's novel between the author's stated interest in moral didacticism and the more prurient appeal of the novel's representations of material privation and violent spectacle.
Word: pry Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The verb is inherited from Middle English prien, pryen (“to look closely, peer into, pry, spy”) [and other forms], from Old English *prīwan, *prēowian (“to look narrowly, to squint at”), attested by Old English beprīwan, beprēwan (“to wink”); further etymology unknown, but probably akin to Old English *prēowot (“closing of the eyes”), attested only in combination – compare prēowthwīl (“blink or twinkling of an eye, moment”), princ (“a wink”): see prink. The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /pɹaɪ/ 1. To peer closely and curiously, especially at something closed or not public. Labels: intransitive Example: [W]omen haue eagles eyes, / To prie euen to the heart, and why not you? Example: […] to elude, thus wrapt in miſt / Of midnight vapor glide obſcure, and prie / In every Buſh and brake, where hap may finde / The Serpent ſleeping, […] 2. To inquire into something that does not concern one; to be nosy; to snoop. Labels: figuratively, intransitive Example: Watch thou, and wake when others be aſleepe, / To prie into the ſecrets of the State, […] Example: We literary hacks are shameless creatures. I believe there's no secret of the human heart into which we wouldn't pry. 3. To peer at (something) closely; also, to look into (a matter, etc.) thoroughly. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: The two ship's corporals went among the sailors by the names of Leggs and Pounce; […] Bland, the master-at-arms, ravished with their dexterity in prying out offenders, used to call them his two right hands.
Word: pry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The verb is inherited from Middle English prien, pryen (“to look closely, peer into, pry, spy”) [and other forms], from Old English *prīwan, *prēowian (“to look narrowly, to squint at”), attested by Old English beprīwan, beprēwan (“to wink”); further etymology unknown, but probably akin to Old English *prēowot (“closing of the eyes”), attested only in combination – compare prēowthwīl (“blink or twinkling of an eye, moment”), princ (“a wink”): see prink. The noun is derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /pɹaɪ/ 1. An act of prying; a close and curious look. Example: With those beauties, scarce discern'd, / Kept with such sweet privacy, / That they seldom meet the eye / Of the little loves that fly / Round about with eager pry. 2. A person who is very inquisitive or nosy; a busybody, a nosey parker.
Word: pry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is probably a back-formation from prise, prize (“tool for levering, lever”), construed as the plural of pry. The verb is either derived from the noun, or is a back-formation from prise (“to force open with a lever”), construed as pries, the third-person singular present form of pry. Pronunciation: /pɹaɪ/ 1. A tool for levering; a crowbar, a lever. Labels: East-Anglia, US
Word: pry Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is probably a back-formation from prise, prize (“tool for levering, lever”), construed as the plural of pry. The verb is either derived from the noun, or is a back-formation from prise (“to force open with a lever”), construed as pries, the third-person singular present form of pry. Pronunciation: /pɹaɪ/ 1. To use leverage to open, raise, or widen (something); to prise or prize. Labels: transitive Example: "Oh! he's going home to Down East," said another; "so far eastward, you know, shippy, that they have to pry up the sun with a handspike." 2. Usually followed by out (of): to draw out or get (information, etc.) with effort. Labels: figuratively, transitive
Word: psalm Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English salm or psalme, from Old English psealm, later reinforced from Old French psalme (modern French psaume), both from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “the sound emanating from twitching or twanging perhaps with the hands or fingers, mostly of musical strings”) (from ψάλλω (psállō, “to make a sound by striking, touching, plucking, rubbing, twanging, or vibrating”)), but later in New Testament times the meaning of ψαλμός (psalmós) evolved from its Classical meaning of "a tune played to the harp" to a more general tune that could be played with any instrument; even a song sung with or without musical accompaniment. By the Byzantine Period, it lost all of its instrumental nuances. Pronunciation: /sɑːm/, /sɑm/, /sɑlm/, /sɔm/, /sɔlm/ 1. A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. 2. One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.
Word: psalm Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English salm or psalme, from Old English psealm, later reinforced from Old French psalme (modern French psaume), both from Latin psalmus, from Ancient Greek ψαλμός (psalmós, “the sound emanating from twitching or twanging perhaps with the hands or fingers, mostly of musical strings”) (from ψάλλω (psállō, “to make a sound by striking, touching, plucking, rubbing, twanging, or vibrating”)), but later in New Testament times the meaning of ψαλμός (psalmós) evolved from its Classical meaning of "a tune played to the harp" to a more general tune that could be played with any instrument; even a song sung with or without musical accompaniment. By the Byzantine Period, it lost all of its instrumental nuances. Pronunciation: /sɑːm/, /sɑm/, /sɑlm/, /sɔm/, /sɔlm/ 1. To extol in psalms; to make music; to sing Example: to psalm his praises. Example: I psalmed like a Moslem high in his mosque. And like a Greek priest, I sang the divine liturgy of St. John Chrysostom.
Word: pugilist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin pugil (“boxer”) + -ist, related to pugnus (“fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Compare contemporary pugilism (“boxing”) (1791). Pronunciation: /ˈpjuː.d͡ʒɪlɪst/, /ˈpju(ː).d͡ʒəlɪst/ 1. One who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer. Example: I laugh and hoot at ye, ye cricket-players, ye pugilists, ye deaf Burkes and blind Bendigoes! Example: In 1925, boxer shorts were unleashed on the world: loose-fitting underwear for men, featuring an elastic waistband inspired by the shorts worn by boxers. It was underwear for the inner pugilist. 2. One who engages in rhetorical attacks, for himself or on behalf of another. Labels: figuratively Example: President Obama's style leaves liberal activists in the Democratic Party cold. They prefer a pugilist fighting for principle over a pragmatist agreeing to compromises. Can the president reignite the enthusiasm of his party's core supporters by November? Example: A pugilist for the modern movement in the arts, [Edith] Sitwell was often in demand as a speaker, and she could fill a room. On 8 May 1923, she debated with the poet Alfred Noyes at the London School of Economics to raise money for the Hospitals of London Appeal. Sitwell associated Noyes with J. C. Squire and once remarked that his work was like cheap linoleum: 'they have the same kind of smoothness!' Edmund Gosse, the chairman, asked Noyes beforehand to take it easy: '"'Do not, I beg of you, use a weaver's beam on the head of poor Edith."" Noyes did win the opening round. Sitwell, wearing gold laurels, asked if she could bring her supporters to the platform; Noyes agreed on the condition that he could bring his. When asked who they were, he answered blandly, '"Oh, Virgil, Horace, Dante, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, and a few others." Sitwell opened her lecture, 'In their day, Keats and Shelley were the most persecuted of poets, and Tom Moore was the most popular. In our days, my brothers and I are the most persecuted of poets, and,' pointing an accusing finger at her opponent, 'Mr Noyes..." At that point laughter drowned out her words. She went on to deliver a scripted talk on how all great poets are innovators in their time and that she was glad to join them in the asylum to which their contemporaries assigned them.
Word: punk Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Uncertain. Possibly from punk (“rotten wood dust used as tinder”), attested since 1678, to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908). The relatively tame 21st century usage of punk (“prank”, verb) was popularized by the American television show Punk'd (2003). Pronunciation: /ˈpʌŋk/, [ˈpʰʌŋk] 1. Worthless, contemptible, particularly Labels: US, colloquial Example: Babbitt boomed on: "Pretty punk service the Company giving us on these car-lines. Nonsense to only run the Portland Road cars once every seven minutes. Fellow gets mighty cold on a winter morning, waiting on a street corner with the wind nipping at his ankles." 2. Worthless, contemptible, particularly Labels: US, colloquial 3. Worthless, contemptible, particularly Labels: US, colloquial Example: ... Donald Trump is also a coward. For all of his tough talk and bluster, the president of the United States is a punk ass bitch. 4. Worthless, contemptible, particularly Labels: US, colloquial Example: With the subtleties of dressing ran other complex worries. "I feel kind of punk this morning," he said. "I think I had too much dinner last evening. You oughtn't to serve those heavy banana fritters." 5. Worthless, contemptible, particularly Labels: US, colloquial 6. Of or concerning punk rock or its associated subculture. Example: You look very punk with your t-shirt, piercing, and chains. Example: BrewDog, the craft beer company that prides itself on a “punk” ethos, has been accused of acting like “just another multinational corporate machine” after forcing a family-run pub to change its name or face legal action.
Word: punk Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Uncertain. Possibly from punk (“rotten wood dust used as tinder”), attested since 1678, to anything worthless (attested since 1869) and then to any undesirable person (since 1908). The relatively tame 21st century usage of punk (“prank”, verb) was popularized by the American television show Punk'd (2003). Pronunciation: /ˈpʌŋk/, [ˈpʰʌŋk] 1. To pimp. Labels: slang 2. To forcibly perform anal sex upon (an unwilling partner). Labels: slang, transitive Example: Ricky punked his new cell-mates. Example: "Hell, Haggerty, with that caved-in chest you got, and with your guts pickled in alcohol, and a leg and a half in the grave, the Navy wouldn't even take you for punkin', Barney sourly said. 3. To prank. Labels: slang, transitive Example: I got expelled when I punked the principal. Example: “We were laughing because it was like, ‘Do you think we’re being punked?’” said Leigh Wade, an OB-GYN who was there with her husband, Richard Iuorio, an emergency room doctor who’d waited for a reservation since February. 4. To give up or concede; to act like a wimp. Labels: especially Example: Jimmy was going to help me with the prank, but he punked (out) at the last minute. 5. To adapt or embellish in the style of the punk movement. Labels: often, transitive Example: Suzy, a pump young woman with sparkling brown eyes and punked hair tucked behind her ears, said blankly, "What?" Example: Like the Apartments, the supports hadn't written many songs of their own. They ran on that old standby, “fun,” in the form of “punked up” versions of pop songs like “It's my Party,” alongside obscure new wave/punk covers such as Lene Lovich's “Cuckoo Clock.”
Word: punk Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unclear; first attested circa 1680 in writings about Native American practices, probably from Unami punkw (“dust”), though it has also been suggested it could be an alteration of spunk (“tinder”) (compare funk (“rotten wood”)). Pronunciation: /ˈpʌŋk/, [ˈpʰʌŋk] 1. Any material used as tinder for lighting fires, such as agaric, dried wood, or touchwood, but especially wood altered by certain fungi. Labels: uncountable Example: As the East-Indians use Moxa, so these burn with Punk, which is the inward Part of the Excrescence or Exuberance of an Oak. Example: If they attack a house that is pretty well manned, they [Indians in Pennsylvania] creep behind some fence, or hedge, or tree, and shoot red-hot iron slugs, or punk, into the roof, and fire the house […] 2. A utensil for lighting wicks or fuses (such as those of fireworks) resembling stick incense. Labels: countable Example: On the end a coal of fire slowly smouldered. It would last for hours, and my cell-mate called it a "punk." Example: Then, without another word, he rose and left the shelter, apparently in order to light the vessel's wick with a punk from the dying campfire.
Word: purchase Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English purchasen, from Anglo-Norman purchacer (“seek to obtain”) from pur- (from Latin pro-) + chac(i)er (“to chase, pursue”). Compare Old French porchacier (“to follow, to chase”), which has given French pourchasser (“to chase without relent”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/, /ˈpəːtʃəs/, /ˈpɜɹ.tʃəs/, /ˈpɜːtʃəs/, /ˈpøːtʃəs/ 1. The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: They offer a free hamburger with the purchase of a drink. 2. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He was pleased with his latest purchase. Example: [Said by a shopkeeper] I really don't think you can carry any more purchases. You can come again after you sell something, or you can simply discard an item to lighten your load. Or, you might want to sell the things you don't need here! 3. That which is obtained, got or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The act or process of seeking and obtaining something (e.g. property, etc.) Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: I'll […] get meat to save thee, / Or lose my life i’ th’ purchase. 5. A price paid for a house or estate, etc. equal to the amount of the rent or income during the stated number of years. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Suppose a freehold house to be worth 20 years’ purchase […] 6. Any mechanical hold or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle or capstan. Labels: also, figuratively, uncountable Example: It is hard to get purchase on a nail without a pry bar or hammer. Example: The problem is that the model of individual responsibility assumed by most versions of ethics have little purchase on the behavior of Capital or corporations. 7. The apparatus, tackle or device by which such mechanical advantage is gained and (in nautical terminology) the ratio of such a device, like a pulley, or block and tackle. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure." 8. The amount of hold one has from an individual foothold or ledge. Labels: uncountable Example: At first, he was climbing down, testing for purchase with his feet. But soon, as the entire section of ground rotated, he was lifted into the air, and up and down flipped around. 9. Acquisition of lands or tenements by means other than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable Example: The difference […]between the acquisition of an estate by descent and by purchase
Word: purchase Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English purchasen, from Anglo-Norman purchacer (“seek to obtain”) from pur- (from Latin pro-) + chac(i)er (“to chase, pursue”). Compare Old French porchacier (“to follow, to chase”), which has given French pourchasser (“to chase without relent”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɜːtʃɪs/, /ˈpəːtʃəs/, /ˈpɜɹ.tʃəs/, /ˈpɜːtʃəs/, /ˈpøːtʃəs/ 1. To buy, obtain by payment of a price in money or its equivalent. Example: to purchase land, to purchase a house 2. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Example: that loves the thing he cannot purchase Example: They [the English] are all on fire / To purchaſe from the Spaniard. If their Carracks / Come deeply laden, vvee ſhall tugge vvith them / For golden ſpoile. 3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc. Example: to purchase favor with flattery Example: One poor retiring minute […] / Would purchase thee a thousand thousand friends. 4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. Example: Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. 5. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical means. Example: to purchase a cannon 6. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert oneself. Example: 1523–1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage. 7. To constitute the buying power for a purchase, have a trading value. Example: Many aristocratic refugees' portable treasures purchased their safe passage and comfortable exile during the revolution.
Word: purlieu Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English purlewe (“piece of land on the edge of a forest”), modification under the influence of Old French lieu (“place”) of porale, purale (“royal perambulation”), from Old French porale, from poraler (“to traverse”), from por- (“forth”) (from Latin prō-) + aler, aller (“to go”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɜːljuː/, /ˈpɝl(j)u/ 1. The ground on the edges of a forest, especially when partly subject to the same forest laws concerning game hunting etc. Labels: historical 2. The outskirts of any place; an adjacent district; the environs or neighborhood; milieu. Example: Whether Lady Anne knew or suspected who it was that drew his steps from the purlieus of fashion he knew not, nor held himself bound to explain. Example: Bred up, like a bailiff or a shabby attorney, about the purlieus of the Inns of Court, Shepherd’s Inn is always to be found in the close neighbourhood of Lincoln’s-Inn Fields, and the Temple.