nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: retsina Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Greek ρετσίνα (retsína), from Byzantine Greek ῥετσίνα (rhetsína), from Italian resina (“resin”). Doublet of resin. Pronunciation: /ɹɛtˈsiːnə/ 1. A Greek resinated white or rosé wine of a sort that has been produced for at least 2700 years. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She serves the smooth retsina / She keeps me safe and warm / It's just the calm before the storm
Word: first language Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From first + language. 1. The first language one is taught to speak; one's native language. Example: She was born and raised in France, although her first language is Portuguese because her parents are from Brazil. Example: Vocabulary is a vital component of educational success in both first and second language contexts. 2. The language one feels most comfortable and capable with. 3. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see first, language.
Word: mother tongue Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mother tonge, modyr tong, equivalent to mother + tongue. Compare Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”). Pronunciation: /ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/, /ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/ 1. The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language. Example: His mother tongue is a relatively conservative dialect of Aramaic. Example: Our conversation was entirely in Malay, as that is the official language here, and in fact the mother-tongue and only language of the controlleur, who is a native-born half-breed. 2. The language spoken by one’s ancestors. 3. The language spoken by one's mother, when it differs from that spoken by one's father. Example: Questions about respondents' place of birth, their parents' place of birth, nativity, and language use (called “mother tongue” and “father tongue”) were added to the Census between 1850 and 1960. Example: Informed by the experience of other parents who had successfully raised their children with more than one language and our own observations, we knew clearly that Léandre and Dominique's mother tongue and father tongue would not have a chance without deliberate 'control' of their linguistic environment. 4. Informal speech, as opposed to educated language. Example: The other is the maturity and experience of that; if that is our mother tongue, this is our father tongue, a reserved and select expression, too significant to be heard by the ear, which we must be born again in order to speak. Example: We learn the father tongue to prove we have outgrown the mother tongue.
Word: arrant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: A variant of errant, from Middle English erraunt [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman erraunt, from Old French errant, the present participle of errer (“to walk (to); to wander (to); (figuratively) to travel, voyage”), and then: * from Vulgar Latin iterō (compare Late Latin itinerō, itineror (“to travel, voyage”)), from Latin iter (“a route (including a journey, trip; a course; a path; a road)”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”); and * from Latin errāns (“straying, errant; wandering”), the present active participle of errō (“to rove, wander; to get lost, go astray; to err, wander from the truth”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“to flow”). The original sense was sense 3 (“roving around, wandering”). Due to the word being used to describe disreputable persons who wandered about (for example, arrant knave and arrant thief), it came to be used as an intensifier (sense 1: “complete; downright; utter”) and to have a negative meaning (sense 2: “very bad; despicable”). Pronunciation: /ˈæɹ(ə)nt/, /ˈæɹənt/, /ˈɛɹənt/ 1. Complete; downright; utter. Labels: dated Example: an arrant knave arrant nonsense Example: And if any manner of perſon attempted to moue the King to infringe any parte of thys ordynaunce, and that being knowne, for the firſt time, he ſhould be depriued of his goodes and poſſeſſions, and for the ſecond time, to be drawen thorough the Citie, and so put to execution as an arrant traytor. 2. Very bad; despicable. Labels: broadly, dated Example: [W]ho ſo forward to accuſe, to debaſe, to revile, to crow-treade an other as the arranteſt fellow in a country? Example: The truth on't is, mine's as arrant a VVidow-Mother, to her poor Child, as any's in Engand: She vvo'nt ſo much as let one have ſix-pence in one's Pocket, to ſee a Motion, or the Dancing of the Ropes, or— 3. Obsolete form of errant (“roving around; wandering”). Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: Hence arrant preachers, humming out / A common-place or two, […]
Word: transcriber Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From transcribe + -er. 1. A person who transcribes; a transcriptionist. 2. A device or program that transcribes data.
Word: IBMR Part of Speech: noun 1. Initialism of image-based modelling and rendering. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism, uncountable
Word: lymphosarcoma Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From lympho- + sarcoma. 1. A diffuse malignant lymphoma.
Word: philosopher king Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The concept comes from Plato's Republic (circa 375 BCE), which considers the ideal rulers of a city state. 1. A hypothetical ideal ruler, trained in philosophy, who has a full understanding of the Platonic ideal of the Form of the Good, and uses this for the benefit of the state. 2. A very wise ruler. Labels: figuratively Example: He flies much about from place to place; now at Potsdam, now at Berlin, at Charlottenburg, Reinsberg; nothing loath to run whither business calls him, and appear in public: the gazetteer world, as we noticed, which has been hitherto a most mute world, breaks out here and there into a kind of husky jubilation over the great things he is daily doing, and rejoices in the prospect of having a Philosopher King;[…] Example: […] what has been said about the State and the government is not a mere dream[…] that is to say, when the true philosopher kings are born in a State, one or more of them, despising the honours of this present world which they deem mean and worthless, […]
Word: monosyllabic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin monosyllabicus, from Latin monosyllabus, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek μονοσύλλαβος (monosúllabos). By surface analysis, monosyllable + -ic or mono- + syllabic. Pronunciation: /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/, /ˌmɒn.oʊ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ 1. Consisting of one syllable. Labels: not-comparable Example: monosyllabic word 2. Using monosyllables, speaking in monosyllables; curt. Labels: not-comparable Example: monosyllabic responses Example: Hardy is perfect. He’s physical and monosyllabic.
Word: monosyllabic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin monosyllabicus, from Latin monosyllabus, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek μονοσύλλαβος (monosúllabos). By surface analysis, monosyllable + -ic or mono- + syllabic. Pronunciation: /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/, /ˌmɒn.oʊ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ 1. A word consisting of one syllable.
Word: monosyllable Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *men-der. Proto-Hellenic *mónwos Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos) Ancient Greek μονο- (mono-)der. English mono- English syllable English monosyllable From mono- + syllable. 1. A word of one syllable. Example: For quotations using this term, see Citations:monosyllable. 2. A euphemism for the word cunt Labels: UK, obsolete, slang
Word: unenviable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- Old French enviebor. Middle English envie English envy Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English enviable English unenviable From un- + enviable. 1. Difficult, undesirable, or unpleasant; not to be envied. Example: Valjean was in the unenviable position of either living with the knowledge an innocent would suffer for his crime or revealing his true identity and going back to prison. Example: There might be a 'train captain' on board, as on the Docklands Light Railway, but this would be an unenviable role on our packed Tube: the train captain would be condemned to live in a permanent rush hour.
Word: enviable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Old French enviebor. Middle English envie English envy Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English enviable From envy + -able (suffix meaning ‘able or fit to be done’ forming adjectives). Pronunciation: /ˈɛn.vi.ə.bl̩/, /ˈɛn.vɪ.ə.b(ə)l/ 1. Arousing or likely to arouse envy. Example: Sundrie other Gent[lemen] reſt beholden to this hundred, for their dvvellings, vvho, in an enuiable mediocritie of fortune, do happilie poſſeſſe themſelues, and communicate their ſufficient means to the ſeruice of their prince, the good of their neighbours, and the bettering of their ovvn eſtate: […] Example: In the course I have taken, I have met, and do daily meet, so many vexations, that I may with truth assure you, that my situation is anything rather than enviable, though it is my happiness to act with those that are far the best that probably ever were engaged in the public service of this country at any time.
Word: flies Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /flaɪz/ 1. plural of fly Labels: form-of, plural
Word: flies Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /flaɪz/ 1. The open area above a stage where scenery and equipment may be hung. Labels: plural, plural-only Example: […] I was born in the dressing-room, suckled in the flies, educated in the lobby, and brought up in the property-room […] Example: Hung from the “flies” in air, She acts a palpable lie, She’s as little a fairy there As unpoetical I!
Word: flies Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /flaɪz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of fly Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: clinometer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English clino- Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-trom Proto-Hellenic *-tron Ancient Greek -τρον (-tron) Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron)lbor. French -mètrebor. English -meter English clinometer From clino- + -meter. Pronunciation: /klaɪ̯ˈnɑː.mə.tɚ/ 1. An apparatus for measuring a vertical angle, a slope, or the height of a large object (e.g. a tree).
Word: Rolf Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old Norse Hrólfr, and from its Old French equivalent, cognates of Rudolph. Brought to England by the Normans, survived in surnames and was revived in the 19th century, partly due to its modern Scandinavian cognate. Pronunciation: /ɹɒlf/ 1. A male given name from the Germanic languages. Labels: uncountable, usually 2. A surname originating as a patronymic. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: flail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker. Alternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced "flai"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”). Pronunciation: /fleɪl/, /fɹeɪl/ 1. A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material. Example: When in one night, ere glimpse of morn, His shadowy flail hath threshed the corn That ten day-labourers could not end; Example: Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail, Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail 2. A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain. 3. Part of a rotating device, often used for cutting vegetation. Labels: often, plural Example: The carriage washing plant uses four pairs of rotating rag flails and will be capable of dealing with the whole of the diesel units as well as steam stock used for main-line trains.
Word: flail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English flayle, from earlier fleil, fleyl, fleȝȝl, from Old English fligel, *flegel (“flail”), from Proto-West Germanic *flagil, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Scots flail (“a thresher's flail”), West Frisian fleil, flaaiel (“flail”), Dutch vlegel (“flail”), German Flegel (“flail”). Possibly a native Germanic word from Proto-Germanic *flagilaz (“whip”), from Proto-Germanic *flag-, *flah- (“to whip, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k- (“to beat, hit, strike; weep”); compare Old Norse flaga (“sudden attack, bout”), Lithuanian plàkti (“to whip, lash, flog”), Ancient Greek πληγνύναι (plēgnúnai, “strike, hit, encounter”), Latin plangō (“lament”, i.e. “beat one's breast”) + Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (instrumental suffix). If so, related also to English flag, flack, flacker. Alternatively, Proto-West Germanic *flagil may be an early borrowing of Latin flagellum (“winnowing tool, thresher”), diminutive of flagrum (“scourge, whip”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlag-, *bʰlaǵ- (“to beat”); compare Old Norse blekkja (“to beat, mistreat”). Compare also Old French flael (“flail”), Walloon flayea (“flail”) (locally pronounced "flai"), Italian flagello (“scourge, whip, plague”). Pronunciation: /fleɪl/, /fɹeɪl/ 1. To beat using a flail or similar implement. Labels: transitive 2. To wave or swing vigorously Labels: transitive Example: Tangling with Ziv, Cameron caught him with a flailing elbow, causing the Israeli defender to go down a little easily. However, the referee was in no doubt, much to the displeasure of the home fans. Example: He stopped in his tracks – then, flailing his arms wildly in the air, began to stagger backwards. 3. To thresh. Labels: transitive 4. To move like a flail. Labels: intransitive Example: He was flailing wildly, but didn't land a blow. Example: Undismayed he continued to flail with the broken half of it, denting many a helmet[.]
Word: -tastic Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der. Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō) Ancient Greek φαντάζω (phantázō) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Hellenic *-tós Ancient Greek -τος (-tos) ▲ Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Ancient Greek -τικός (-tikós) Ancient Greek φανταστικός (phantastikós)bor. Late Latin phantasticusbor. Middle French fantastiquebor. English fantastic English -tastic Rebracketing of fantastic. 1. Fantastic; used to form adjectives conveying praise or celebration. Labels: morpheme, sarcastic, slang, sometimes Example: I don't get out to the movies that much, but "Bluntman and Chronic" was blunt-tastic.
Word: Manichaean Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English Manichaeus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Old French -ainder. Middle English -an English -an English Manichaean From Manichaeus + -an. Pronunciation: /ˌmænɪˈkiːən/ 1. A follower of Manichaeism.
Word: Manichaean Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English Manichaeus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Old French -ainder. Middle English -an English -an English Manichaean From Manichaeus + -an. Pronunciation: /ˌmænɪˈkiːən/ 1. Of or relating to Manichaeism. Labels: not-comparable Example: Through them passed not only the traders of the Silk Route[…] but also lone Buddhist monks carrying precious cargoes of scrolls in their backpacks, white-robed Manichean sages from Iran and austere Nestorian clerics who founded Christian monasteries even in remote Tibet. 2. Of or concerning a Manichaean. Labels: not-comparable 3. Of or relating to a worldview of distinct good and evil, especially to the exclusion of other possible categories. Labels: broadly, not-comparable Example: Detractors of Mr. Nixon will decry the book's [1999: Victory Without War] obsession with potency and winning[…] as well as with a Manichaean view of a world that he sees as divided between the bad Soviet Union and the good United States. Example: Barack Obama spoke of a world without these Manichean dualities. He dismissed the notion of “red” and “blue” America. 4. Using light and dark to represent good and evil. Labels: broadly, not-comparable
Word: Manichaeism Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Latin Manichaismus, from Koine Greek Μανιχαϊσμός (Manikhaïsmós), from Μανιχαῖος (Manikhaîos, “Manichaeus”) [from Classical Syriac ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ (Mānī ḥayyā, “Living Mani”), from ܡܐܢܝ (Mānī, “Mani”, the name of its founder) + ܚܝܐ (ḥayyā, “living, alive”)] + -ισμός (-ismós). By surface analysis, Manichaeus + -ism. Although Manichaeism is the most widespread spelling in English, it is a hypercorrection. The expected derivation from Koine Greek Μανιχαϊσμός (Manikhaïsmós) and Latin Manichaismus is Manichaism (compare with Judaism, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós), or with archaism, from Ancient Greek ἀρχαϊσμός (arkhaïsmós)). Pronunciation: /mænɪˈkiːɪz(ə)m/, /ˈmænɪkiːɪz(ə)m/ 1. A syncretic, dualistic religion that combines elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought, founded by the Iranian prophet Mani in the 3rd century AD. 2. A dualistic philosophy dividing the world between good and evil principles, or regarding matter as intrinsically evil and mind as intrinsically good. Example: In Manichaeism, as Benny Goodman used to sing, it's “Gotta Be This or That.” One thing or the other will triumph, in this dualistic view, and the winner is supposed to be determined in an apocalyptic struggle involving a world conflagration.
Word: dualistic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English dual Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -istic English dualistic From dual + -istic. 1. Of or relating to dualism. Example: A second difficulty that has distanced Mary from the communion of saints […] is the strategy that casts her as the feminine ideal and thus sets her up as the model for all other women. Those who take this approach invariably use a dualistic anthropology that divides male and female into watertight compartments, elevating sex to an ontological principle that results in virtually two types of human nature.
Word: the penny drops Part of Speech: phrase 1. Understanding is reached; one comprehends. Labels: UK, informal Example: The penny dropped as Fred realised he had been conned. Example: Suddenly various pennies began to drop; now I understood obscure remarks that had been made in my presence by the Ryans, or by the nuns at school, or by Old Brigid or Tommy's foster-mother.
Word: dualism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English dual Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English dualism From dual + -ism. 1. Duality; the condition of being double. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: By breaking free of it, historians could shed the dualisms that now entrap them, and escape the declensionism - the longing for the lost alternative 2. The view that the world consists of, or is explicable in terms of, two fundamental principles, such as mind and matter or good and evil. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The belief that the world is ruled by a pair of antagonistic forces, such as good and evil; the belief that man has two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The same conflict between the monism of temporal theorists and the dualism of ecclesiastical thinkers—the same opposition of organic to symbiotic union—occurred in the ninth century. 4. The legal doctrine that international law must be transposed into domestic law to have effect. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The theory, originated by Lavoisier and developed by Berzelius, that all definite compounds are binary in their nature, and consist of two distinct constituents, themselves simple or complex, and having opposite chemical or electrical affinities. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable
Word: traduce Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin trādūcō (“carry over; lead as a spectacle, dishonor”), from trāns + dūcō (“to lead”). Doublet of transduce, from Latin trānsdūcō. Pronunciation: /tɹəˈdjuːs/, /tɹəˈdʒuːs/, /tɹəˈdus/, /tɹəˈdjus/ 1. To malign a person or entity by making malicious and false or defamatory statements. Labels: transitive Example: This heauy headed reueale eaſt and weſt / Makes vs traduſt, and taxed of other nations, / They clip vs drunkards, and with Swiniſh phraſe / Soyle our addition […] Example: Well I'll not debate how far Scandal may be allowable—but in a man I am sure it is always contemtable.—We have Pride, envy, Rivalship, and a Thousand motives to depreciate each other—but the male-slanderer must have the cowardice of a woman before He can traduce one. 2. To pass on (to one's children, future generations etc.); to transmit. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: However therefore this complexion was first acquired, it is evidently maintained by generation, and by the tincture of the skin as a spermatical part traduced from father unto son […]. 3. To pass into another form of expression; to rephrase, to translate. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: From Davenant down to Dumas, from the Englishman who improved Macbaeth to the Frenchman who traduced into the French of Paris four acts of Hamlet, and added a new fifth act of his own, Shakespeare has been disturbed in a way he little thought of when he menacingly provided for the repose of his bones.
Word: malign Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English maligne, from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus, from malus (“bad”) + genus (“sort, kind”). Compare benign. Pronunciation: /məˈlaɪn/ 1. Evil or malignant in disposition, nature, intent or influence. Example: Witchcraft may be by operation of malign spirits. Example: It may be true that such running is exceptional rather than normal; there are still innumerable checks of one kind or another, many of them, alas, directly or indirectly the result of engine failures; and bad coal has often a malign influence. 2. Malevolent. Example: He was sure they [the stars] were arranged in some order which had a secret and malign significance. 3. Malignant. Example: a malign ulcer Example: malign ulcers
Word: malign Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English maligne, from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus, from malus (“bad”) + genus (“sort, kind”). Compare benign. Pronunciation: /məˈlaɪn/ 1. To make defamatory statements about; to slander or traduce. Labels: transitive Example: To be envied and shot at; to be maligned standing, and to be despised falling. Example: The obvious joy of England's players and supporters after that dramatic finale was another indicator that the Uefa Nations League, mocked and maligned at its inception, is capturing the public's imagination. 2. To treat with malice; to show hatred toward; to abuse; to wrong. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: The people practice what mischiefs and villainies they will against private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods, or murdering them.
Word: defamatory Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French diffamatoire (altered after the prefix de-), from Medieval Latin diffāmātōrius. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfæmətɹi/, /dɪˈfæməˌtɔɹi/ 1. Damaging to someone's reputation, especially if untrue. Example: defamatory statement Example: defamatory allegation
Word: cloture Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French clôture (“closure”). Doublet of closure and clausure. Pronunciation: /ˈkloʊ.t͡ʃɝ/, /ˈkloʊ.t͡ʃɚ/, /ˈkloʊ.tjʊə(ɹ)/ 1. In legislative assemblies that permit unlimited debate (that is, a filibuster): a motion, procedure or rule by which debate is ended so that a vote may be taken on the matter. For example, in the United States Senate, a three-fifths majority vote of the body is required to invoke cloture and terminate debate. Labels: US, countable, uncountable Example: Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture.
Word: cloture Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French clôture (“closure”). Doublet of closure and clausure. Pronunciation: /ˈkloʊ.t͡ʃɝ/, /ˈkloʊ.t͡ʃɚ/, /ˈkloʊ.tjʊə(ɹ)/ 1. To end legislative debate by this means.
Word: old penny Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Retronym for penny to avoid confusion with the new penny. 1. The pre-decimalisation United Kingdom penny, ¹⁄₂₄₀ of a pound sterling. Symbol: d 2. The pre-decimalisation Irish penny, ¹⁄₂₄₀ of an Irish pound. Symbol: d 3. A coin worth one old penny.
Word: grackle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From translingual Gracula, from Latin graculus (“jackdaw”). Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹækl̩/ 1. Any of several passerine birds of the genera Quiscalus, Hypopyrrhus, Lampropsar and Macroagelaius, of the Americas, having iridescent plumage. Example: Outside, a gang of grackles combed the landscaped lawn like a homicide squad dragging a field for evidence. 2. Any of several Asian myna birds of the genus Gracula. Labels: broadly
Word: myna Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Hindi मैना (mainā) / Urdu مینا (mainā), from Sanskrit मदन (madana). Pronunciation: /ˈmaɪnə/ 1. One of the South and East Asian birds of the starling family Sturnidae.
Word: -algia Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Learned borrowing from New Latin -algia. By surface analysis, alg- + -ia. 1. pain, suffering Labels: morpheme
Word: transcriptase Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English transcript Ancient Greek δῐῐ̈́στημῐ (dĭĭ̈́stēmĭ) Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́στᾰσῐς (dĭắstăsĭs) English diastase English -ase English transcriptase From transcript + -ase. 1. A polymerase that catalyzes the transcription of DNA to RNA.
Word: reverse transcriptase Part of Speech: noun 1. A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template.
Word: polymerase Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús Ancient Greek πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s)lbor. English poly- Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer-der. Proto-Hellenic *(h)méros Ancient Greek μέρος (méros)lbor. English -mer English polymer Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwísder. Ancient Greek διά (diá) Ancient Greek δῐᾰ- (dĭă-) Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi Ancient Greek ῐ̔́στημῐ (hĭ́stēmĭ) Ancient Greek δῐῐ̈́στημῐ (dĭĭ̈́stēmĭ) Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́στᾰσῐς (dĭắstăsĭs) English diastase English -ase English polymerase From polymer + -ase. 1. Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of RNA or DNA respectively as a template.
Word: transcription Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French transcription, or directly from Latin transcriptiōnem, from trānscrībō (“transcribe”). Pronunciation: /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/ 1. The act or process of transcribing. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: One might eaſier beleeue that the error was committed in the tranſcription of the copy from Ptolomies library, and ſo that it had a ſucceſſiue propagation through all the copies diſperſed. Example: [...] the error originated in a mistaken transcription, as the locomotive involved was No. 61271 (a B1 4-6-0), not No. 61771. 2. Something that has been transcribed, including: Labels: countable, uncountable Example: These frame tale interludes frequently include transcriptions of Italian folk songs. Example: In other words, the adantino was written first as an independent piece; it is, moreover, hardly more than an elaborated transcription of the little song, ‘Im Herbste’, written in 1828, with its two exactly similar strophes (each only five bars long) and four-bar piano epilogue. 3. Something that has been transcribed, including: Labels: countable, uncountable Example: From the outset, Selvage had hoped to interest NBC or CBS in broadcasting the American Family Robinson on a sustaining basis. Neither did, and the series ended up in transcription, recorded and circulated to individual stations by the World Broadcasting System. 4. Something that has been transcribed, including: Labels: countable, uncountable Example: While the sounds of the language [English] undergo constant change and growth, the writing system is rarely reviewed or adapted to recent changes in speech. Consequently, there is a patent need for a transcription in linguistic research and dictionaries. 5. A written document. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: THeſe Ages have beene, and are to this day, much indebted to Tranſcriptions. Inventions are oft-times ſlow, where the application of things invented to the preſent State ſeemes more facile and eaſie : Hereto then ſhould the Scope of Hiſtories tend ; not onely to perſonate the Acts of men upon the Theater of this world, but likewiſe to cull out ſuch Lawes, Orders, and Precepts, as well Morall as Divine, which may benefit their preſent eſtate. 6. Synonym of copywork. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 7. The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The process in which the DNA molecule unwinds, separates its two polynucleotide strands, and synthesizes an RNA molecule from one of these DNA strands is called transcription. Genes transcribe chemical messages in the form of RNA molecules. Transcription begins at some site in the DNA duplex and ends at some other point.
Word: messenger RNA Part of Speech: noun 1. RNA that encodes and carries information from DNA during transcription to sites of protein synthesis to undergo translation in order to yield a protein. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In the past, RNA did not get this kind of respect. The central dogma of biology has been that DNA makes messenger RNA, messenger RNA makes proteins, and proteins do everything else that needs to be done in a living cell.
Word: synthesize Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From synthesis + -ize. First attested in 1830. Pronunciation: /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/ 1. To combine two or more things to produce a new product. Labels: transitive Example: synthesize data Example: synthesize information 2. To be combined producing a new, more complex product. Labels: intransitive 3. To produce a substance by chemical synthesis. Labels: transitive Example: The lab was able to synthesize a new compound. 4. To be produced by chemical synthesis. Labels: intransitive
Word: claw Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English clawe, from Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Compare West Frisian klau, Dutch klauw, German Klaue, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish klo. Pronunciation: /klɔ/, /klɑ/, /klɔː/ 1. A curved, pointed, horny projection on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird. 2. A foot equipped with such. 3. The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod. 4. A mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting. 5. A human fingernail, particularly one extending well beyond the fingertip. Labels: colloquial 6. A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink. Example: a narrow base, as the petals of a Rose, where the claw is very short 7. The act of catching a ball overhand. 8. A tree with one internal vertex and three leaves.
Word: claw Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English clawen, from a combination of Old English clawan/clāwan (a remodelling of *clīeġan, from Proto-West Germanic *klauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną) and Old English clawian (from Proto-West Germanic *klawēn). Pronunciation: /klɔ/, /klɑ/, /klɔː/ 1. To scratch or to tear at. Example: Using her hands like windshield wipers, she tried to flick snow away from her mouth. When she clawed at her chest and neck, the crumbs maddeningly slid back onto her face. She grew claustrophobic. 2. To use the claws to seize, to grip. 3. To use the claws to climb. 4. To perform a claw catch. 5. To move with one's fingertips. Example: De Gea was United's hero again within seconds of Hernandez's equaliser, diving to his left to claw away Dirk Kuyt's shot as he got on the end of a superb cross from Stewart Downing. 6. To relieve an uneasy feeling, such as an itch, by scratching (someone or something); hence (figuratively), to flatter or humour (someone); to court, to fawn on. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: I cannot hide what I am: I must be sad when I have cause, and smile at no man's jests; eat when I have stomach, and wait for no man's leisure; sleep when I am drowsy, and tend on no man's business; laugh when I am merry, and claw no man in his humour. Example: To be ſhort, a wretched and curſed generation they be; hypocrites, pretending friendſhip, but they can not skill of plaine dealing and franke ſpeech. Rich men they claw, ſooth up and flatter: the poore they contemne and despiſe. 7. To rail at, revile, or scold (someone or something). Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is right well kept and observed; though he claweth them soon after in another acceptation. 8. To do (something) quickly. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Do'n't you remember, Sirrah, ſayes one, hovv vve clavv'd it avvay at ſuch a Place! Yes, ye Damn'd Rogue you, cryes t'other, vvhen you vvere ſo drunk you took your Aunt for the Bavvd.
Word: get one's claws into Part of Speech: verb 1. To have a controlling influence over. Labels: idiomatic, transitive Example: Once that bank gets its claws into you, it doesn't let go easily.
Word: grumpy Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English grump Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English grumpy From grump + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ 1. Dissatisfied and irritable. Example: The old man was grumpy because he couldn’t find his glasses.
Word: grumpy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English grump Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English grumpy From grump + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ 1. A dissatisfied and irritable person. Labels: informal Example: "Bunch of grumpies, always scowling and muttering," complained the new employee. "Dear me, I'm afraid you'll find the same type of people here," the foreman responded.
Word: astronomically Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English astronomical Middle English -ly English -ly English astronomically From astronomical + -ly. 1. Of or relating to astronomy. Labels: not-comparable 2. In the extreme, very (typically very large). Labels: comparable Example: The calculated answer was astronomically large.
Word: astrometry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From astro- + -metry. Pronunciation: /əˈstɹɒmətɹi/ 1. The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: transduce Part of Speech: verb Etymology: 1949, back-formation from transducer, from Latin trānsdūcō, from Latin trans (“across”, preposition) + dūcō (“lead, guide”). 1. To convert energy from one form to another. Labels: transitive Example: Five different types of sensory receptors are classified according to the energy they transduce in creating the different senses. These include mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and electroreceptors. 2. To transfer or copy genetic material from one cell or virus into another. Labels: transitive Example: After the transducing phage DNA is introduced into the recipient cell genome, the cell acquires, in addition to phage genes, genetic information that originated from the phage's previous host. Thus, in specialized transduction, the phage serves as a vector for transferring genes from one cell to another; only cellular genes that are close to the viral genome integration site are transducible by this mechanism. 3. To transfer or convert information from one form or medium to another. Labels: transitive Example: Much as computers must transduce input information, the nervous system must transduce sensory information before it can be analyzed internally. Example: Information is also collected by an animal’s nervous system as it lives its life. When the ear transduces sound into neural firings, the two physical processes—vibrating air and diffusing ions—could not be more different. But thanks to the correlation between them, the pattern of neural activity in the animal’s brain carries information about the sound in the world. From there the information can switch from electrical to chemical and back as it crosses the synapses connecting one neuron to the next; through all these physical transformations, the information is preserved.
Word: bacterial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría) Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)? Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion) Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor. New Latin bactēriabor. English bacteria English -al English bacterial From bacteria + -al. Pronunciation: [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ] 1. Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria. Labels: not-comparable Example: [The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, […].
Word: bacterio- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría) Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)? Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion) Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor. New Latin bactērium Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English bacterio- From New Latin bactērium + English -o-. 1. bacteria Labels: morpheme
Word: bacteriology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría) Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Ancient Greek -ῐος (-ĭos)? Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion) Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion)bor. New Latin bactērium Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English bacterio- Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor. Latin -logialbor. French -logiebor. English -logy English bacteriology From bacterio- + -logy. Pronunciation: /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ 1. The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: microbiology Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English micro- Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der. Ancient Greek βίος (bíos) Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂ Proto-Hellenic *-íā Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā) Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor. Latin -logia New Latin biologialbor. English biology English microbiology From micro- + biology. Pronunciation: /ˌmʌɪkrə(ʊ)bʌɪˈɒlədʒi/ 1. The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, especially their effects on man and other living organisms. Labels: uncountable Example: Holonyms: biology, bioscience
Word: enamoured Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ɛˈnæməd/ 1. UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada spelling of enamored.
Word: enamoured Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ɛˈnæməd/ 1. simple past and past participle of enamour Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: transductant Part of Speech: noun 1. A bacterial cell into which genetic material has been transduced.
Word: transduction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: 1650s, Latin transductionem, form of Latin trānsdūcō (“lead across”). By surface analysis, transduce + -tion. Pronunciation: /tɹænsˈdʌkʃən/ 1. The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, typically between bacterial cells, and typically via a bacteriophage or pilus. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The process whereby a transducer converts energy from one form to another. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The conversion of a stimulus from one form to another. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The conversion of energy (especially light energy) into another form, especially in a biological process such as photosynthesis or in a transducer. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Particularly in the discipline of artificial intelligence, a form of inference, according to which the response appropriate to a particular known case, also is appropriate to another particular case diagnosed to be functionally identical. This contrasts with induction, in which general rules derived from past observations are applied to future cases as a class (compare also analogy). Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: transduction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Blend of transformation + reduction. Pronunciation: /tɹænsˈdʌkʃən/ 1. The improvement of an electronic logic network by reduction of redundant components in an initial version, using an established pruning procedure, then applying permissible functions for transformation of the network into a workable form. Thereafter the transformation and reduction may be repeated till no worthwhile further improvement results. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Instead of applying a transduction method only once, we can apply different transduction methods to an initial network in sequence. In each sequence, different or identical transduction methods can be applied in different orders. This usually leads to many different final networks.
Word: transducer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: 1924, Latin trānsdūcō + -er. By surface analysis, transduce + -er. Pronunciation: /trænzˈdjuːsə(ɹ)/, /trænzˈdjuːsɚ/ 1. A device that converts energy from one form into another. 2. A state machine that generates output based on a given input.
Word: transearth Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English trans- Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-der. Proto-Germanic *erþō Proto-West Germanic *erþu Old English eorþe Middle English erthe English earth English transearth From trans- + earth. 1. Towards the earth from the moon or another planet. Labels: not-comparable Example: After the Apollo 13 accident, the transearth injection burn shortened the return time by about 9 hours.
Word: transearth Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-der. Proto-Indo-European *térh₂t Proto-Indo-European *-ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂ónts Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂n̥ts Proto-Italic *trāns Proto-Italic *trāns- Latin trans-bor. English trans- Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-der. Proto-Germanic *erþō Proto-West Germanic *erþu Old English eorþe Middle English erthe English earth English transearth From trans- + earth. 1. To transplant Labels: archaic, transitive Example: As fruits of hotter countries, transearthed in colder climates, have vigour enough in themselves to be fructuous according to their nature: but, that they are hindered by the chilling nips of the air, and the soil, wherein they are planted.
Word: spaceflight Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of space flight. Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable
Word: cummingtonite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Cummington + -ite, since it was originally discovered in Cummington, Massachusetts. Pronunciation: /ˈkʌm.ɪŋ.təˌnaɪt/ 1. A mineral, magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: arsole Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃enyomder. Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam Proto-Iranian *jr̥Hanyam Old Median *zaranyam Old Median *kā Old Median *zaraniyakāder. Middle Persian *zarnīkbor. Classical Syriac ܙܪܢܝܟܐ (zarnīḵā)der. Arabic الزَرْنِيخ (az-zarnīḵ)bor. Byzantine Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón)der. Latin arsenicumder. Middle French arsenicbor. Middle English arsenik English arsenic English -ole English arsole From arsenic + -ole. Pronunciation: /ˈɑː(ɹ).soʊl/ 1. An unsaturated, five-membered heterocyclic compound of arsenic, C₄H₅As; any substituted form of this compound Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: convertible Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Old French convertible, from Late Latin convertibilis (“interchangeable”), from Latin convertere (“to turn back, to turn over, to turn around, to turn upside down”), from con- (“with, together”) + vertere (“to turn”), + -ibilis (“-ible: able to”). Equivalent to convert + -ible. Pronunciation: /kənˈvɜːtɪbl̩/, /kənˈvɝtɪbl̩/ 1. Able to be converted Example: As if, in truth, there were no God of Labour; as if godlike Labour and brutal Mammonism were convertible terms. 2. Able to be converted Labels: historical 3. Able to be converted 4. Able to be converted 5. Able to be converted 6. Able to be converted Labels: obsolete Example: The Axis of the Earth is supposed to haue a convertible nature. 7. Able to be converted 8. Able to be converted 9. Able to be converted 10. Able to be converted Labels: obsolete
Word: convertible Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French convertible, from Late Latin convertibilis (“interchangeable”), from Latin convertere (“to turn back, to turn over, to turn around, to turn upside down”), from con- (“with, together”) + vertere (“to turn”), + -ibilis (“-ible: able to”). Equivalent to convert + -ible. Pronunciation: /kənˈvɜːtɪbl̩/, /kənˈvɝtɪbl̩/ 1. Interchangeable things or terms. Labels: dated, in-plural 2. A convertible car: a car with a removable or foldable roof able to convert from a closed to open vehicle and back again. 3. A convertible security: a stock, bond, etc. that can be turned into another (usually common stock) under certain set terms. 4. A computer able to convert from laptop to tablet and back again.
Word: CBIR Part of Speech: noun 1. Acronym of content-based image retrieval. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of, uncountable
Word: QBIC Part of Speech: noun 1. Acronym of query by image content. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of
Word: CBVIR Part of Speech: noun 1. Acronym of content-based visual image retrieval. Labels: abbreviation, acronym, alt-of, uncountable
Word: piston rod Part of Speech: noun 1. A rod or bar in an engine that connects a piston to a crosshead. Example: The cylinder barrels are lubricated by non-atomised feeds introduced at top and bottom. The remaining non-atomised feeds are to the piston rod packing and the valve spindle rear bush.
Word: piston ring Part of Speech: noun 1. A ring or seal that fits around a piston, sealing between the piston and the bore in which it slides.
Word: private parts Part of Speech: noun 1. Those parts of the human body commonly expected to be covered by clothing when in public; especially, the pubic area. Labels: euphemistic, plural, plural-only Example: And what was it only one of the smutty yankee pictures Terry borrows off of Corny Kelleher. Secrets for enlarging your private parts.