nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: our Part of Speech: det Etymology: From Middle English oure, from Old English ūre, ūser (“our”), from Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Scots oor (“our”), West Frisian ús (“our”), Low German uns (“our”), Dutch onze (“our”), German unser, unsere (“our”) Danish vor (“our”), Norwegian vår (“our”), and more distantly Latin noster. Pronunciation: /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/, /ɑː(ɹ)/, /ˈwɔː/, /wɐ/, /wə/ 1. Belonging to us, excluding the person(s) being addressed (exclusive our). Labels: determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: Sorry, you're not invited to our party. Example: Paying no attention to Lizzy, Mrs. Gibson began calling out our names in alphabetical order. 2. Belonging to us, including the person(s) being addressed (inclusive our). Labels: determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: We must try to save our marriage for the sake of our children. 3. Of, from, or belonging to any entity that the speaker is a part of or identifies with, such as place of employment or education, nation, region, language, etc. Labels: determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: Our safety record at ABC Widgets is very good. Example: In English, our nouns do not generally have gender. 4. Belonging to people in general. Labels: determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: As we get older, our reactions get slower. Example: As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. 5. Belonging to everyone being addressed. Labels: colloquial, determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: How are we all tonight? Have we got our happy faces on? 6. Belonging to an individual being addressed; used especially of a person in the speaker's care, or to whom advice or instruction is being given. Labels: colloquial, determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: How are we feeling this morning, Mrs Miggins? Have we taken our tablets yet? Example: You've been spending all your money boozing when you have a wife and family to support. I think we need to get our priorities straight. 7. Belonging to a third person, especially someone in the speaker's care. Labels: colloquial, determiner, first-person, plural, possessive, uncommon Example: "I've just been to see Mrs Miggins." — "And how is she?" — "Not too good today. We've had a little problem with our tummy." 8. Used to imply connection between the speaker's experiences or activities and a group of listeners. Labels: colloquial, determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: Hey guys, in this video I'll show you how I make my upside-down sponge cake. First, let's get our ingredients weighed out. 9. Used before a person's name to indicate that the person is in one's family, or is a very close friend. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, determiner, first-person, plural, possessive Example: I'm going to see our Terry for tea.
Word: our Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English oure, from Old English ūre, ūser (“our”), from Proto-Germanic *unseraz (“of us, our”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-s-ero- (“our”). Cognate with Scots oor (“our”), West Frisian ús (“our”), Low German uns (“our”), Dutch onze (“our”), German unser, unsere (“our”) Danish vor (“our”), Norwegian vår (“our”), and more distantly Latin noster. Pronunciation: /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/, /ɑː(ɹ)/, /ˈwɔː/, /wɐ/, /wə/ 1. Misspelling of are. Labels: alt-of, misspelling Example: You our the lifeblood of the game and we thank you for everything you do. https://www.basketballengland.co.uk/news/2022/2022-basketball-england-awards-national-winners-announced/
Word: their Part of Speech: det Etymology: From Old Norse þeirra. Replaced native Old English heora. Pronunciation: /ðɛə/, /ðɛː/, /ðeɹ/, /ðɜː(ɹ)/, /ðɛɚ/ 1. Belonging to, from, of, or relating to, them (plural). Example: they will meet tomorrow at their convenience Example: this is probably their cat 2. Belonging to someone (one person, singular), or occasionally to something. Example: There's not a man I meet but doth salute me As if I were their well-acquainted friend […] Example: Place the casualty on their back with feet and legs raised—this is called the shock position. [emphasis in original] Once the casualty is positioned, cover them to preserve body heat, but do not overheat.
Word: their Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Old Norse þeirra. Replaced native Old English heora. Pronunciation: /ðɛə/, /ðɛː/, /ðeɹ/, /ðɜː(ɹ)/, /ðɛɚ/ 1. Misspelling of there. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: their Part of Speech: contraction Etymology: From Old Norse þeirra. Replaced native Old English heora. Pronunciation: /ðɛə/, /ðɛː/, /ðeɹ/, /ðɜː(ɹ)/, /ðɛɚ/ 1. Misspelling of they’re. Labels: alt-of, contraction, misspelling
Word: subordinate clause Part of Speech: noun 1. A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence but rather functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb within a sentence, having been cued by any of various introductory words that subordinate it (complementize it).
Word: genitive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English genetif (“pertaining to the genitive case; pertaining to the generation of offspring”) + English -ive (suffix meaning ‘relating or belonging to’ forming adjectives). Genetif is from Anglo-Norman genetif, genitif, and Middle French genetif, genitif (“pertaining to the generation of offspring, procreative; (grammar) pertaining to the genitive case”) (modern French génitif), and from their etymon Latin genetīvus (“pertaining to the generation of offspring; (grammar) pertaining to the genitive case”) (whence Late Latin genitivus), from genitus (“begotten, engendered; produced”) + -īvus (suffix meaning ‘doing’ or ‘related to doing’ forming adjectives). Genitus is the perfect passive participle of gignō (“to beget, give birth to; to produce, yield”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth; to produce”). Latin genetīvus cāsus (or cāsus genetīvus, cāsus genitīvus (literally “grammatical case pertaining to birth or origin”)), was used to translate Koine Greek γενῐκή πτῶσις (genĭkḗ ptôsis, literally “inflection expressing a genus or kind”) which actually means “generic case”, though it refers to what is now called the genitive case. The noun is derived from Late Middle English genetif (“genitive case”), from the adjective (see above). Compare Middle French genitif (modern French génitif) and Latin genetīvus (short for genetīvus cāsus (“genitive case”)). Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtɪv/, /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ 1. Of a grammatical case: in an inflected language (such as Greek or Latin), expressing that a thing denoted by a word is related to a thing denoted by another word as its origin or possessor; and in an uninflected language (such as English), expressing origin or possession; possessive. Labels: not-comparable Example: dependent genitive Example: independent genitive 2. Of, pertaining to, or used in the genitive case. Labels: not-comparable 3. Of or pertaining to the generation of offspring; generative, procreative, reproductive. Labels: archaic, not-comparable
Word: genitive Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English genetif (“pertaining to the genitive case; pertaining to the generation of offspring”) + English -ive (suffix meaning ‘relating or belonging to’ forming adjectives). Genetif is from Anglo-Norman genetif, genitif, and Middle French genetif, genitif (“pertaining to the generation of offspring, procreative; (grammar) pertaining to the genitive case”) (modern French génitif), and from their etymon Latin genetīvus (“pertaining to the generation of offspring; (grammar) pertaining to the genitive case”) (whence Late Latin genitivus), from genitus (“begotten, engendered; produced”) + -īvus (suffix meaning ‘doing’ or ‘related to doing’ forming adjectives). Genitus is the perfect passive participle of gignō (“to beget, give birth to; to produce, yield”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth; to produce”). Latin genetīvus cāsus (or cāsus genetīvus, cāsus genitīvus (literally “grammatical case pertaining to birth or origin”)), was used to translate Koine Greek γενῐκή πτῶσις (genĭkḗ ptôsis, literally “inflection expressing a genus or kind”) which actually means “generic case”, though it refers to what is now called the genitive case. The noun is derived from Late Middle English genetif (“genitive case”), from the adjective (see above). Compare Middle French genitif (modern French génitif) and Latin genetīvus (short for genetīvus cāsus (“genitive case”)). Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtɪv/, /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ 1. Ellipsis of genitive case (“a grammatical case used to express a relationship of origin or possession”). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, ellipsis, uncountable Example: Nounes, Pronounes, and Participles are declin'd vvith ſix Endings, vvhich are called Caſes, both in the Singular and Plural Number. The Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accuſative, Vocative, and Ablative. […] The Genitive is Engliſht vvith this Sign of, as Libri of a Book. 2. A word inflected in the genitive case, and which thus indicates origin or possession. Labels: countable Example: This one vvord familia joyn'd vvith pater, mater, filius, or filia, endeth the Genitive in as, as pater familias, but ſomtimes familiæ. Example: This older kind of genetive [i.e., the direct genetive] is apparently expressed only by the position of the two substantives, in which the governing word stands before the governed: pr:Z1-i-mn:n-A40 pr i̓mn "House of Amon."
Word: action Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Latin āctum Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin āctiō Old French aucionbor. Middle English accioun English action From Middle English accioun, accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āct(us) + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. See also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˈækʃən̩/, [ˈækʃn̩], /ˈakʃən̩/, [ˈakʃn̩], /ˈækʃən/ 1. Demanding or signifying the start of something, usually a performance. Example: The director yelled ‘Action!’ after the cameras started rolling.
Word: action Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Latin āctum Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin āctiō Old French aucionbor. Middle English accioun English action From Middle English accioun, accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āct(us) + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. See also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˈækʃən̩/, [ˈækʃn̩], /ˈakʃən̩/, [ˈakʃn̩], /ˈækʃən/ 1. arrogant Labels: Manglish
Word: action Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Latin āctum Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin āctiō Old French aucionbor. Middle English accioun English action From Middle English accioun, accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āct(us) + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti. See also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˈækʃən̩/, [ˈækʃn̩], /ˈakʃən̩/, [ˈakʃn̩], /ˈækʃən/ 1. To act on a request etc, in order to put it into effect. Labels: transitive Example: ‘Here, give me the minutes of Monday’s meeting. I’ll action your points for you while you get on and sort out the open day.’ Example: Violent reactions from the Jewish authorities were expected and difficulties of actioning the new guidelines were foreseen. 2. To initiate a legal action against someone. Labels: archaic, transitive Example: ‘I have no business to settle with you—arrest me, Sir, at your peril and I’ll action you in law for false imprisonment.’ Example: “Scrip threatened me at first with an action for slander—he spoke of actions to the wrong man though—action! no, no no. I should have actioned him—ha! ha! [...]”
Word: cardinal number Part of Speech: noun 1. A number used to denote quantity; a counting number; a cardinal. Example: The smallest cardinal numbers are 0, 1, 2, and 3. Example: The cardinal number “three” can be represented as “3” or “three”. 2. A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets. Example: This cardinal number is the smallest of the infinite cardinal numbers; it is the one to which Cantor has appropriated the Hebrew Aleph with the suffix 0, to distinguish it from larger infinite cardinals. Thus the name of the smallest of infinite cardinals is ℵ₀. 3. A word that expresses a countable quantity; a cardinal numeral. Example: “Three” is a cardinal number, while “third” is an ordinal number.
Word: concrete Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin concrētus, past participle of concrescō (to curdle) from con- (with, together) + crescō (to grow, rise). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/, [ˈkɒŋkɹiːt], [kəŋˈkɹiːt], /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, [ˌkɑŋˈkɹiːt] 1. Real, actual, tangible. Example: Fuzzy videotapes and distorted sound recordings are not concrete evidence that Bigfoot exists. Example: Once arrested, I realized that handcuffs are concrete, even if my concept of what is legal wasn't. 2. Real, actual, tangible. 3. Real, actual, tangible. Labels: broadly 4. Being or applying to actual things, rather than abstract qualities or categories. Example: Concrete Terms, while they expreſs the Quality, do alſo either expreſs, or imply, or refer to ſome Subject to which it belongs; as white, round, long, broad, wiſe, mortal, living, dead. Example: As expressed in the premiss, the proposition appeals directly and in concrete language to the incapacity of the human imagination for conceiving a minimum. 5. Particular, specific, rather than general. Example: While everyone else offered thoughts and prayers, she made a concrete proposal to help. Example: concrete ideas 6. Made of concrete (building material). Labels: not-comparable Example: The office building had concrete flower boxes out front. Example: Few people passed. The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. 7. Made up of separate parts; composite. Labels: obsolete Example: I cannot wholly expreſs him, I wot not what to call him, but a certain thing altogether made of the hatred of God, of miſtruſt in God, of wings, deceits, diſcord, manſlaughters, and in a word, a thing concrete and heaped up of perjuries, and made of all kind of miſchief. Example: The reason why this wisdom so strengthens the wise, even more then many mighty men, so that one wise man more preserves the City then many strong men; it seems to be, because Wisdom both originally and formally, is concrete with power and might: and therefore whatsoever strength can do alone, that also can Wisdom do & more. 8. Not liquid or fluid; solid. Labels: obsolete Example: Ere the white body they could reach; and stuck, as telling how / They purpos'd to have pierc'd his flesh: his peril pierced now / The eyes of prince Eurypilus, Evemon's famous son; Who came close on, and with his dart struck duke Apisaon, / Whose surname was Phausiades, even to the concrete blood / That makes the liver: on the earth out gush'd his vital flood. Example: He [Thales] saw that the breeding of animals is in moisture; that the seeds and kernels of plants (as long as they are productive and fresh), are likewise soft and tender; that metals also melt and become fluid, and are as it were concrete juices of the earth, or rather a kind of mineral waters; […]
Word: concrete Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin concrētus, past participle of concrescō (to curdle) from con- (with, together) + crescō (to grow, rise). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/, [ˈkɒŋkɹiːt], /kənˈkɹiːt/, [kəŋˈkɹiːt], /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ 1. To cover with or encase in concrete (building material). Labels: transitive, usually Example: I hate grass, so I concreted over my lawn. Example: In odd moments David had made an estimate on the cost of shooting down the menace in the eastern tunnel drifting and concreting the gash which would be left by the blasting out of the fissure material. 2. To solidify: to change from being abstract to being concrete (actual, real). Labels: transitive, usually Example: […] the necessity of recognizing this relation outwardly and of perfecting herself in the forms required to express the recognition, had moved her to such diligence and faithfulness in practicing these forms that this exercise soon concreted itself into habit; it became automatic and unconscious; then a natural result followed: […] Example: Just so economics has concreted the concept of capital. The law needs a term for the material and quasi-material objects of property. 3. To unite or coalesce into a solid mass. Labels: archaic, intransitive Example: When any ſaline Liquor is evaporated to a Cuticle and let cool, the Salt concretes in regular Figures; which argues, that the Particles of the Salt before they concreted, floated in the Liquor at equal diſtances in rank and file, and by conſequence that they acted upon one another by ſome Power which at equal diſtances is equal, at unequal diſtances unequal. Example: The Blood of ſome Perſons who have dy'd of the Plague could not be made to concrete, by reaſon of the Putrefaction already begun.
Word: dative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin datīvus (“appropriate for giving”), itself from datus (the past participle of dō (“to give”)) + -īvus (“-ive”). Pronunciation: /ˈdeɪtɪv/ 1. Denoting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter or indirect object, generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective. Labels: not-comparable 2. In one’s gift; capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure, as an office or other privilege. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete 3. Removable, as distinguished from perpetual; — said of an officer. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete 4. Given by a judge, as distinguished from being cast upon a party by the law itself. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete 5. Formed by two electrons contributed by one atom; see dative bond. Labels: not-comparable 6. Given in advance; not needed to be calculated. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete
Word: dative Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin datīvus (“appropriate for giving”), itself from datus (the past participle of dō (“to give”)) + -īvus (“-ive”). Pronunciation: /ˈdeɪtɪv/ 1. The dative case. 2. A word inflected in the dative case.
Word: main clause Part of Speech: noun 1. A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.
Word: imperative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Italic *en Proto-Italic *en- Latin in- Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃o- Proto-Italic *paro- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Proto-Italic *parāō Latin parō Latin imperō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin īvus Latin imperātīvusbor. English imperative Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus. Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/, [ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.ɾɪv], /ɪmˈpeɹ.ə.tɪv/, [ɪmˈpeɹ.ə.ɾɪv] 1. Essential; crucial; extremely important. Example: That you come here right now is imperative. Example: Meantime, alterations at King William Street had become imperative, and by December 22, 1895, the station had been remodelled, as at Stockwell, to provide an island platform with lines each side, and a scissors crossing. 2. Of, or relating to the imperative mood. 3. Having semantics that incorporates mutable variables. 4. Expressing a command; authoritatively or absolutely directive. Example: imperative orders Example: The suits of kings are imperative.
Word: imperative Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁én Proto-Italic *en Proto-Italic *en- Latin in- Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃o- Proto-Italic *paro- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Proto-Italic *parāō Latin parō Latin imperō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin īvus Latin imperātīvusbor. English imperative Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus. Pronunciation: /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/, [ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.ɾɪv], /ɪmˈpeɹ.ə.tɪv/, [ɪmˈpeɹ.ə.ɾɪv] 1. The grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive. Labels: uncountable Example: The verbs in sentences like "Do it!" and "Say what you like!" are in the imperative. 2. A verb in the imperative mood. Labels: countable 3. An essential action, a must: something which is imperative. Labels: countable Example: Visiting Berlin is an imperative. Example: Anything grandiose or historically based tends to sound flat and banal when it reaches English, partly because translators get stuck between contradictory imperatives: juggling fidelity to the original sense with what is vocally viable, they tend to resort to a genteel fustian which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism, adding to a sense of artificiality rather than enhancing credibility.
Word: main verb Part of Speech: noun 1. In a clause, the verb with the highest semantic content, contrasted with auxiliary verb. 2. In a sentence, the main-clause verb with the highest semantic content.
Word: auxiliary verb Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɔːɡˈzɪljəɹi ˈvɜː(ɹ)b/ 1. A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.
Word: infinitive Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English infenitife (“without end, in perpetuity”), from Late Latin īnfīnītīvus (“unlimited, indefinite”), from Latin īnfīnītus (“unlimited, infinite”). By surface analysis, infinite + -ive. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/, /ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/ 1. The infinitive mood or mode (a grammatical mood). Example: The MANNERS of acting, in grammar called modes or moods, are four; Infinitive, Imperative, Indicative, Subjunctive or Conjunctive. Example: There are four moods, the Infinitive, Imperative, Indicative, and Subjunctive. [...] the Infinitive is used to express a thing in a general manner. 2. A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form. 3. A verbal noun formed from the infinitive of a verb.
Word: infinitive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English infenitife (“without end, in perpetuity”), from Late Latin īnfīnītīvus (“unlimited, indefinite”), from Latin īnfīnītus (“unlimited, infinite”). By surface analysis, infinite + -ive. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/, /ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/ 1. Formed with the infinitive. Labels: not-comparable Example: INFINITIVE MOOD or MANNER. To Have, Avoir. Example: In English there are four moods:–1. The Infinitive Mood. 2. The Indicative Mood. 3. the Imperative Mood. 4. The Subjunctive Mood. 2. Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined. Labels: not-comparable Example: […] to search out in some higher region of infinitive space a spot where it was impossible for defilement to follow them […]
Word: vowel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English vowel, from Old French vouel, a variant of voyeul (whence French voyelle), from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”), itself a semantic loan of Koine Greek φωνῆεν (phōnêen). Doublet of vocal and vocalis. Pronunciation: /ˈvaʊ.əl/, /vaʊl/ 1. A sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable. Example: Hawaiian has either five or twenty-five vowels, depending on how they are counted. 2. A letter or diacritic representing the sound of a vowel; in English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, y (sometimes), and w (rarely). Example: The word facetiously is spelled with all six vowels in alphabetical order. Example: The word cwm, borrowed from Welsh, is an example of the letter w serving as a vowel in English.
Word: vowel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English vowel, from Old French vouel, a variant of voyeul (whence French voyelle), from Latin vōcālis (“voiced”), itself a semantic loan of Koine Greek φωνῆεν (phōnêen). Doublet of vocal and vocalis. Pronunciation: /ˈvaʊ.əl/, /vaʊl/ 1. To add vowel points to a consonantal script (e.g. niqqud in Hebrew or harakat in Arabic). Example: However it should be vowelled – perhaps ‘Almaqah’ – his name seems to be composed of ‘Il’, the general name of the paramount Semitic deity […], plus another element that is possibly from the Sabaic verb wqh, ‘to command’ […].
Word: copula Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cōpula (“connection, linking of words”), from co- (“together”) + apere (“fasten”). Doublet of couple. Pronunciation: /ˈkɒpjʊlə/, /ˈkɒpjələ/, /ˈkɑpjələ/, /ˈkɔpjələ/ 1. A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate. Example: I begin by arguing in section 2 that there are in fact at least two Celtic copulas, a grammatical copula that simply spells out tense and agreement, and a substantive copula formed on a lexically listed verbal stem. Example: The theory of conjunctively tensed copulae will be developed and stated with more precision in the following section. 2. The bond or relationship by which two things are combined into a unity. Example: The fact that in milk the copula or bond is exceedingly slight is evident from the spontaneous resolution of milk when left in a vessel, its resolution, namely, into cream—a white substance of comparative consistency,—and a sourish fluid; also from its ready resolution when, merely by motion, it is turned into butter, or, by heat, into various kinds of curds. Example: I quite correctly defined logical copulation by means [of] the copula of inclusion. 3. A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables. Example: In 2000, David X. Li, a banker with a doctorate in statistics who was then at RiskMetrics, part of J. P. Morgan Chase, began using mathematical functions called Gaussian copulas to estimate the likelihood of corporations’ dying in unison. Example: There is little statistical theoretical theory for copulas. Sensitivity studies of estimation procedures and goodness-of-fit tests for copulas are unknown. 4. A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ. 5. The act of copulation; mating.
Word: loan word Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of loanword. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: article Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English article, from Old French article, from Latin articulus (“a joint, limb, member, part, division, the article in grammar, a point of time”), from Latin artus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂értus (“that which is fit together; juncture, ordering”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Doublet of articulus. Pronunciation: /ˈɑːtɪkl̩/, [ˈɑːtʰɪkʰəɫ], /ˈɑɹtɪkəl/, /ˈɑɹtəkl̩/, [ˈɑ(ː)ɹɾɨkɫ̩] 1. To bind by articles of apprenticeship. Labels: transitive Example: to article an apprentice to a mechanic Example: When the boy left school at Liskeard, he was articled to a lawyer, Mr. Jacobson, at Plymouth, a wealthy man in good practice, first cousin to his mother; but this sort of profession did not at all approve itself to Robert's taste, and he only remained with Mr. Jacobson a few months. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles or accusations. Labels: obsolete Example: At noon dined alone with Sir W. Batten, where great discourse of Sir W. Pen, Sir W. Batten being, I perceive, quite out of love with him, thinking him too great and too high, and began to talk that the world do question his courage, upon which I told him plainly I have been told that he was articled against for it, and that Sir H. Vane was his great friend therein. Example: […] if the Captain of any Merchant ship under convoy shall wilfully disobey Signals […] he shall be liable to be articled against in the High Court of Admiralty […] 3. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. Example: If […]all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.
Word: direct object Part of Speech: noun 1. The noun or noun phrase that a verb is directly acting upon. 2. Such an object when it is in the accusative case, but (generally) not when it is in another case.
Word: passive voice Part of Speech: noun 1. The form of a transitive verb in which its subject receives the action. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: The passive voice is sometimes criticized for de-emphasizing the actor. Example: Many languages, including English, use auxiliary verbs in constructing the passive voice. 2. Any writing which obscures the identity of the perpetrator of an action, regardless of whether the sentence uses the passive form of a verb. Labels: proscribed, uncountable, usually Example: Phrases such as officer-involved shooting are often criticized as examples of passive voice. Example: On Saturday, in his first response to Charlottesville, Mr. Trump condemned the violence "on many sides." Then he lapsed into the passive voice, expressing, as he has before, a sense of futility that the divisions between Americans would ever be healed. "It's been going on for a long time in our country," he said.
Word: impersonal subject Part of Speech: noun 1. a pronoun such as it used as the subject of a clause involving weather, distance, or time
Word: masculine Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English masculyne, masculyn, from Old French masculin, from Latin masculīnus, diminutive of masculus (“male, manly”), itself a diminutive of mās (“male”). Displaced native Old English werlīċ (literally “manly”). Pronunciation: /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/, /ˈmæskjələn/ 1. Of or pertaining to the male gender. 2. Of or pertaining to the male sex; biologically male, not female. 3. Belonging to males; typically used by males. Example: “John”, “Paul”, and “Jake” are masculine names. 4. Having the qualities stereotypically associated with men: virile, aggressive, not effeminate; manly. Example: That lady, after her husband's death, held the reins with a masculine energy. Example: […] a masculine church. 5. Of, pertaining or belonging to the male grammatical gender, in languages that have gender distinctions. Example: The noun Student is masculine in German. 6. Of, pertaining or belonging to the male grammatical gender, in languages that have gender distinctions. Example: German uses the masculine form of the definite article, der, with Student. 7. Having the vowel harmony of a back vowel. 8. Following or ending on a stressed syllable. Example: Masculine caesura, masculine catalexis, masculine ending, masculine rhyme.
Word: masculine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English masculyne, masculyn, from Old French masculin, from Latin masculīnus, diminutive of masculus (“male, manly”), itself a diminutive of mās (“male”). Displaced native Old English werlīċ (literally “manly”). Pronunciation: /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/, /ˈmæskjələn/ 1. The masculine gender. Example: The masculine functions as the negative term in the opposition, i.e. when the gender is not defined, the masculine is used. 2. A word of the masculine gender. Example: As to the class to which the masculines of the strong declension belong, we repeat that […] 3. That which is masculine. Example: These forces would also seem to reflect the gender distinction that can be made with respect to the divine, the feminine associated with the divine as immanent within the finite and the masculine with the divine transcendence and the infinite. 4. A man. Labels: obsolete, possibly, rare Example: I think women, at least those who do their own work, would live very simply in that respect, if there were none of the masculines to feed.
Word: consonant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English consonant or consonaunt, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”). The Latin is a calque of Ancient Greek σύμφωνον (súmphōnon). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/, /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/, /ˈkɑns.nənt/ 1. A sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the oral cavity; any sound that is not the dominant sound of a syllable, the dominant sound generally being a vowel. 2. A letter representing the sound of a consonant. Example: Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language, he expressed the important words by an initial, a medial, or a final consonant, and made scratches for all the words between; his clerks, however, understood him very well. Example: “Tell me, has right anything to do with the law?” I asked. “You have used the wrong initial consonant,” he smiled in answer. “Might?” I queried; and he nodded his head.
Word: consonant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English consonant or consonaunt, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”). The Latin is a calque of Ancient Greek σύμφωνον (súmphōnon). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/, /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/, /ˈkɑns.nənt/ 1. Consistent, harmonious, compatible, or in agreement. Example: Each one pretends that his opinion […] is consonant to the words there used. Example: Cheerfulness, even gaiety, is consonant with every species of virtue and practice of religion, and I think it inconsistent only with impiety and vice. 2. Having the same sound. Example: 1645-1650, James Howell, Epistolae Ho-Elianae consonant words and syllables 3. Harmonizing together; accordant. Example: consonant tones; consonant chords 4. Of or relating to consonants; made up of, or containing many, consonants. Example: No Russian whose dissonant consonant name / Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame.
Word: indirect object Part of Speech: noun 1. A grammatical role of a ditransitive verb that manifests a secondary or passive participant in an action, often a recipient or goal. 2. The object of a monotransitive verb that it is not in the accusative case, especially when it is in the dative case.
Word: case Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cadō (“to fall, to drop”). Pronunciation: /keɪs/ 1. To propose hypothetical cases. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: Casing upon the Matter.
Word: case Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English case, from Old Northern French casse (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa, Portuguese caixa. Pronunciation: /keɪs/ 1. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture. 2. A box, sheath, or covering generally. Example: a case for spectacles; the case of a watch 3. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine. 4. An enclosing frame or casing. Example: a door case; a window case 5. A suitcase. 6. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed. 7. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer. 8. A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces). Labels: historical 9. The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter. Labels: broadly 10. Four of a kind. Labels: slang 11. A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces. Labels: US 12. A small fissure which admits water into the workings. 13. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft. 14. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans. Example: a single case of Bud Light 15. A counterfeit crown (five-shilling coin). Labels: UK, obsolete, slang Example: The price of a case (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.
Word: case Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English case, from Old Northern French casse (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa, Portuguese caixa. Pronunciation: /keɪs/ 1. The last remaining card of a particular rank. Labels: not-comparable, slang Example: He drew the case eight! Example: If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
Word: case Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English case, from Old Northern French casse (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capiō (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash, chase, and chasse. Compare Spanish caja, Asturian caxa, Portuguese caixa. Pronunciation: /keɪs/ 1. To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment. Labels: transitive 2. To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose. Labels: transitive Example: The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. 3. To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery. Labels: informal, transitive Example: You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in. Example: Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
Word: nominative case Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈnɑm(ɪ)nətɪv keɪs/, /ˈnɒm(ɪ)nətɪv keɪs/ 1. The case used to indicate the subject—or agent—of a finite verb. 2. The subject of a verb. Labels: obsolete Example: Every Verb, except in the Infinitive or the Participle, hath its Nominative Caſe, either expreſſed or implied [4]: as, "Awake, ariſe, or be for ever fall'n: that is, "Awake ye, &c."
Word: genitive case Part of Speech: noun 1. The grammatical case, chiefly applicable to nouns, used to express a relationship of origin or possession. It corresponds roughly to the English preposition of and the suffix -'s. Example: In very early times a man seems to have been known by a single name together with his father's name in the genitive case, e.g. Marcus Marci; […]
Word: dative case Part of Speech: noun 1. Case used to express direction towards an indirect object, the recipient or beneficiary of an action, and is generally indicated in English by to (when a recipient) or for (when a beneficiary) with the objective case. The direct object may be either stated or unstated where the indirect object is the beneficiary of the verbal action, but is stated where the indirect object is a recipient. If there is emphasis on the indirect object, the indirect object usually precedes the direct object and is not usually indicated with to or for; said structure is also used when neither object is being emphasized.
Word: accusative case Part of Speech: noun 1. In English and other modern languages, the case used to mark the immediate object (direct object) on which the transitive verb acts. In Latin grammar, the accusative case (cāsus accūsātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European accusative and lative cases; said Lative Case expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "to" and "towards".
Word: noun phrase Part of Speech: noun 1. A phrase that has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun. Example: Many collocations are noun phrases.
Word: coordinating conjunction Part of Speech: noun 1. A conjunction that joins two grammatical elements of the same status or construction. It can join subjects, objects, verbs, nouns, adjectives, phrases, and independent clauses. Example: Near-synonym: coordinator
Word: nominative Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ Proto-Italic *nōmn̥ Latin nōmen Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin nōminō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Ancient Greek ὀνομᾰστῐκή (onomăstĭkḗ)calq. Latin nōminātīvusder. Old French nominatifbor. ▲ Latin nōminātīvusbor. Middle English nominatyf English nominative From Middle English nominatyf, either via Old French nominatif or directly from Latin nōminātīvus (“pertaining to naming, nominative”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɑm(ɪ)nətɪv/, /ˈnɒm(ɪ)nətɪv/ 1. Giving a name; naming; designating. Labels: not-comparable Example: nominative fair use Example: A telling marker of the change in the reporter's status was the elimination of the nominative reports (that is, the citation of the reports by the reporter's name). The first state to use “state reports” rather than the nominative designation was Connecticut (1814). Many other states made this change in the middle of the 19th Century or began their official reports with state reports. 2. Being in that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb. Labels: not-comparable 3. Making a selection or nomination; choosing. Labels: not-comparable Example: To Duchamp, an artist's nominative act—the declaration itself regardless of the object—was itself the art. He could choose anything indifferent to, or even in spite of, its aesthetic merits.
Word: nominative Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ Proto-Italic *nōmn̥ Latin nōmen Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin nōminō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Ancient Greek ὀνομᾰστῐκή (onomăstĭkḗ)calq. Latin nōminātīvusder. Old French nominatifbor. ▲ Latin nōminātīvusbor. Middle English nominatyf English nominative From Middle English nominatyf, either via Old French nominatif or directly from Latin nōminātīvus (“pertaining to naming, nominative”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɑm(ɪ)nətɪv/, /ˈnɒm(ɪ)nətɪv/ 1. The nominative case. 2. A noun in the nominative case.
Word: indefinite article Part of Speech: noun 1. A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun. Example: The English Indefinite Article, "a" or "an", is more frequently used that the Italian Indefinite Article, "un", "uno", "una". Example: In the indefinite article, we must note the plural in i, due to the influence of the plural li of the definite article[.]
Word: indefinite pronoun Part of Speech: noun 1. A pronoun that does not specify the identity of its referent.
Word: subordinating conjunction Part of Speech: noun 1. A word that appears at the beginning of a subordinate clause and establishes its nature. Example: Near-synonym: subordinator
Word: subject Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English subget, from Old French suget, from Latin subiectus (“lying under or near, adjacent, also subject, exposed”), as a noun, subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”), as a calque of Ancient Greek ὑποκείμενον (hupokeímenon). Pronunciation: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/, /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ 1. Likely to be affected by or to experience something; liable. Example: a country subject to extreme heat Example: Menu listings and prices are subject to change. 2. Conditional upon something; used with to. Example: The local board sets local policy, subject to approval from the State Board. 3. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. Example: Long he them bore above the subject plain 4. Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state. Example: , Book I Esau was never subject to Jacob.
Word: subject Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”). Pronunciation: /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/, /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ 1. The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action. Example: A subject (Sub) is a word, phrase, or clause that performs the action of or acts upon the verb in the predicate. Example: In the active sentence ‘The cat ate the mouse’, ‘the cat’ is the subject and ‘the mouse’ is the object. 2. By extension: an actor or agent; one who takes action. Example: the subjects and objects of power 3. The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc. Example: this subject for heroic song Example: Make choice of a subject beautifull and noble, which […] shall […]afford[…] an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate itself. 4. A particular area of study. Example: Her favorite subject is physics. Example: One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains.[…]But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject, means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in dire need of repair. 5. A citizen in a monarchy. Example: I am a British subject. Example: Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, and without prejudice to section 39, this Act shall apply to proceedings by or against the Crown in like manner as it applies to proceedings between subjects. 6. A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority. Example: […]the Grand Khan seemed to grasp the "truth" of the religion and might become a convert, thereby gaining for Christianity the souls of all his subjects. 7. The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue. Example: The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. 8. A human, animal, or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc; especially, one being studied in a scientific experiment, such as a clinical trial. Example: human subject research Example: animal subjects 9. A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity. 10. That of which something is stated. 11. A variable isolated on one side of an equality, expressed in terms of other variables. Example: Making x the subject of x²-6x#43;3y#61;0, we get x#61;3#92;pm#92;sqrt#123;9-3y#125;.