nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: excommunication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English excommunicacion, from Late Latin excommūnicātiō. By surface analysis, excommunicate + -ion. Displaced native Old English āmǣnsumung. Pronunciation: /ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ 1. The act of excommunicating, disfellowshipping or ejecting; especially an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: excoriation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English excoriate Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion English excoriation From excoriate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˈɛks.kɔ.ɹi.eɪʃən/ 1. The act of excoriating or flaying. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The excoriated place, or the state of being excoriated or stripped of the skin; abrasion. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A Perſon of Honour, of a full Body abounding with ſharp Humours, was ſeized with an Herpes on his right Leg. […] [I]t inflamed and ſwelled very much, many Wheals aroſe, and fretted one into another, with great Excoriation. 3. A severe verbal denouncing. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exculpation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Medieval Latin exculpātiō. By surface analysis, exculpate + -ion. 1. The act of exculpating from alleged fault or crime. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. That which exculpates; an excuse. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: execration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin execrātiō. Pronunciation: /ɛksɪˈkɹeɪʃən/, /ɛksəˈkɹeɪʃən/ 1. An act or instance of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; an imprecation; an expression of utter detestation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He inveighed againſt the Folly of making oneſelf liable for the Debts of others; vented many bitter Execrations againſt the Brother; and concluded with wiſhing ſomething could be done for the unfortunate Family. Example: [W]hile all mourned and honoured the dead, thou hast lived to merit our hate and execration—lived to unite thyself with the vile tyrant who murdered thy nearest and dearest— […] 2. That which is execrated; a detested thing. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: For thus ſaith the Lord of hoſts the God of Israel, As mine anger and my furie hath beene powred foorth upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem: ſo ſhall my furie bee powred foorth upon you, when yee shall enter into Egypt: and ye ſhall be an execration, and an aſtoniſhment, and a curſe, and a reproch; and ye ſhall ſee this place no more.
Word: exemplification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English exemplificacion, exemplification, from Anglo-Norman exemplification, from Medieval Latin exemplificātiō. 1. The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. That which exemplifies; a case in point; example. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A copy or transcript attested to be correct by the seal of an officer having custody of the original. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exfoliation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin exfoliare (to remove leaves). 1. The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The removal of a layer of dead skin, as in cosmetic preparation. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The loss of leaves from a plant. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exhalation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin exhālātiō, from exhālō (“to breathe out, to exhale”), from hālō (“to breathe”). Equivalent to exhale + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɛkshəˈleɪ̯ʃən/, [ˌɛkshəˈleɪ̯ʃən] ~ [ˌɛkshəˈleɪ̯ʃn̩] 1. The act or process of exhaling; breathing out Labels: countable, uncountable Example: short exhalations of breath 2. That which is exhaled, or which rises in the form of vapor, fume, or steam Labels: countable, uncountable Example: exhalations from the earth or flowers Example: 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter II, http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks16/1600641.txt For a week the party watched the flood, and each day it receded to a considerable extent. A thick deposit of mud was left behind, but though the sun shone out warmly no offensive exhalations arose. 3. A bright phenomenon; a meteor. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exhilaration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From exhilarate + -ion. 1. The act of enlivening the spirits; the act of making glad or cheerful; a gladdening. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The state of being enlivened, cheerful or exhilarated. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exhortation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English exhortacioun, from Old French exhortacion, from Latin exhortātiōnem, accusative singular of exhortātiō (“encouraging; exhortation”), from exhortor (“to encourage, exhort”), from ex (“out of, from”) + hortor (“encourage”). By surface analysis, exhort + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɛɡzɔːˈteɪʃən/, /ˌɛksɔːˈteɪʃən/ 1. The act or practice of exhorting. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: All gladly drew round the table, and Mrs. Palmer's exhortation of “Poor dears, do enjoy yourselves,” was fulfilled, even to her own satisfaction. Example: His exhortations to his assistants to waste no time in getting on with the job, and to be tactful and courteous with those outside the railway service with whom they had to deal, are as apposite today as they were a century ago. 2. Language intended to give advice or to urge or encourage. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Come good Lorenzo, faryewell a while, Ile end my exhortation after dinner. Example: And ye haue forgotten the exhortation which speaketh vnto you as vnto children, My sonne, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him.
Word: exhumation Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˌɛks.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of digging up that which has been buried. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exoneration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin exonerātiō. By surface analysis, exonerate + -ion. 1. An act of disburdening, discharging, or freeing morally from a charge or imputation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Alpaca. (Camelus Pacos,) also Paco. […] This animal, like the camel, is domable, and will carry from seven to nine stone; it will fall on its knees for the convenient reception and exoneration of its burthen. Example: Mr. Spitzer’s proposal also calls for the creation of a state office that would be responsible for studying all cases that resulted in exonerations and looking for flaws in the system that led to those wrongful convictions. 2. The state of being disburdened or freed from a charge. Labels: uncountable
Word: expatiate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From the participle stem of Latin expatior, from ex- + spatior (“walk about”). Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/, /ɛkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/ 1. To write or speak at length; to be copious in argument or discussion. Example: [H]e expatiated on the inconveniences of trade, that carried from us the commodities of our country, and made a parcel of upſtarts as rich as men of the moſt ancient families of England. Example: To the pure mind of Isabella thought of no other had arisen; and it was far better that the generous romance of her young heart should expatiate on the rival in heaven, than for a moment dread a rival on earth, and therefore become subject to jealousy... 2. To range at large, or without restraint. Labels: rare Example: [L]ooks on heav'n with more than mortal eyes, / Bids his free ſoul expatiate in the skies, / Amidſt her kindred ſtars familiar roam, / Survey the region, and confeſs her home! Such was the life great Scipio once admir'd, / Thus Atticus, and Trumball thus retir'd. 3. To expand; to spread; to extend; to diffuse; to broaden. Labels: obsolete
Word: expatriate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié. Pronunciation: /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/, /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/ 1. Living outside of one's own country. Labels: not-comparable Example: an expatriate rebel force
Word: expatriate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié. Pronunciation: /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/, /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/ 1. One who lives outside one's own country, especially temporarily for a profession or education. 2. One who has been banished from one's own country.
Word: expatriate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1787, the adjective and noun in 1812; borrowed from Medieval Latin expatriātus, perfect passive participle of expatriō (“to banish”) (see -ate (etymology 1,2 and 3)), from Latin ex- (“out of”) + patria (“native land”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); possibly after French expatrier and expatrié. Pronunciation: /ɛksˈpætɹɪ.eɪt/, /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ 1. To banish; to drive or force (a person) from his own country; to make an exile of. Labels: transitive 2. To withdraw from one’s native country. Labels: intransitive 3. To renounce the rights and liabilities of citizenship where one is born and become a citizen of another country. Labels: intransitive
Word: expectation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French expectation, from Latin exspectātiō, from exspectō (“expect”). By surface analysis, expect + -ation. Displaced native Old English wēn. Pronunciation: /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ˌek.spekˈtæɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: “A tight little craft,” was Austin’s invariable comment on the matron;[…]. ¶ Near her wandered her husband, orientally bland, invariably affable, and from time to time squinting sideways, as usual, in the ever-renewed expectation that he might catch a glimpse of his stiff, retroussé moustache. 2. That which is expected or looked for. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: And so it had always pleased M. Stutz to expect great things from the dark young man whom he had first seen in his early twenties ; and his expectations had waxed rather than waned on hearing the faint bruit of the love of Ivor and Virginia—for Virginia, M. Stutz thought, would bring fineness to a point in a man like Ivor Marlay,[…]. Example: Thus the B.R. diesel fleet today is composed of a rather assorted collection of designs. Some have proved to be remarkably satisfactory in service; others have so far not come up to expectations and I suppose it is doubtful whether any more orders for some types will be forthcoming. 3. That which is expected or looked for. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He struggled with his parents' expectations. 4. The prospect of the future; grounds upon which something excellent is expected to occur; prospect of anything good to come, especially of property or rank. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Emma was not sorry to be pressed. She read, and was surprized. The style of the letter was much above her expectation. There were not merely no grammatical errors, but as a composition it would not have disgraced a gentleman; the language, though plain, was strong and unaffected, and the sentiments it conveyed very much to the credit of the writer. It was short, but expressed good sense, warm attachment, liberality, propriety, even delicacy of feeling. She paused over it, while Harriet stood anxiously watching for her opinion, with a "Well, well," and was at last forced to add, "Is it a good letter? or is it too short?" Example: Charles Penrhyn, for he was the object of Louisa's preference, had expectations—that term, so vague when those expectations depend upon others. 5. The value of any chance (as the prospect of prize or property) which depends upon some contingent event. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. The first moment; the expected value; the long-run average value of a variable over many independent repetitions of an experiment. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. The arithmetic mean. Labels: colloquial, countable, uncountable 8. The leaving of a disease principally to the efforts of nature to effect a cure. Labels: countable, rare, uncountable
Word: expectoration Part of Speech: noun 1. The action of expectorating, of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting. Labels: uncountable, usually 2. That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: experimentation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin ex- + -periri (akin to periculum), "attempt". Morphologically experiment + -ation. Pronunciation: /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ɪ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ɛkˌspɛɹ.ɪ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ɪkˌspɪɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of experimenting; practice by experiment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: When we situate climax during intercourse as the bullseye, we gate off the idiosyncrasy and experimentation that are the wellspring of sexual pleasure. 2. A set of actions and observations, performed to verify or falsify a hypothesis or to research a causal relationship between phenomena. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: As in much of biology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.
Word: expiration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English expiracioun, exspiracioun (“vapor, breath”), from Latin expīrātiōnem, exspīrātiōnem, accusative singular of expīrātiō, exspīrātiō. By surface analysis, expire + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɛk.spəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, [ˌɛk.spəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən] ~ [ˌɛk.spəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃn̩], /ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən/, [ˌɛk.spɚˈeɪ̯.ʃən] ~ [ˌɛk.spɹ̩ˈeɪ̯.ʃn̩], /ˌɛk.spaɪ̯ˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ 1. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: uncountable Example: Holonym: respiration Example: crackles heard on expiration 2. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: countable Example: labored expirations 3. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: countable, euphemistic, uncountable 5. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: expiration date 6. An act, process, or instance of expiring. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: explication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French explication, from Latin explicātiō, explicātiōnem. 1. The act of opening or unfolding. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The act of explaining; an explanation. Labels: countable, dated, formal, uncountable Example: Her anthemic "Who Stands For Life" is a powerful explication of what it means to be "pro-life". 3. The sense given by an expositor. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exploitation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French exploitation, from exploiter (“exploit”), from Latin explicō (“unfold, deploy”). By surface analysis, exploit + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/ 1. The act of utilizing something; industry. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the exploitation of natural resources Example: Whereas in the middle ages the idea of acquiring wealth was limited by a body of moral rules imposed under the sanction of religious authority, after 1500 those rules, and the institutions, habits, and ideas to which they had given birth, were no longer deemed adequate. They were felt as constraint. There were evaded, criticized, abandoned, because it was felt that they interfered with the exploitation of the means of production. 2. The improper use of something for selfish purposes. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the exploitation of children in beauty pageants Example: "The second function is for seers who have used magic, but do not know about the second function. This criteria selects the informed while preventing premeditated exploitation of this function." 3. The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a right. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Undocumented migrants are vulnerable to exploitation. 4. The marketing and promotion of a film. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This territory continued to be the greatest field for the exploitation and distribution of our films non-theatrically, […] Example: The difference is that obtaining increased financial input during the production phase of the film reduces the risk during the exploitation phase. 5. A genre of media focused on lurid depictions of topical social issues such as violence, sexuality and marginalized groups. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]certainly it is not an adventure story, either, as McKernan seems to suggest, an exploitation novel aiming to attract readers through the use of "the odd," "the perverse," or "the exotic." Example: It is here that we arrive at the main question of this paper: can an exploitation director be an auteur?
Word: exploration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French exploration, from Latin exploratio. Morphologically explore + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/ 1. The process of exploring. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: By this time, largely inspired by The Railway Magazine, I had begun to spread my wings, and had started on a long career of railway exploration. 2. The process of penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of (especially geographical) discovery. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The exploration of unknown areas was often the precursor to colonization. 3. The (pre-)mining process of finding and determining commercially viable ore deposits (after prospecting), also called mineral exploration. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A physical examination of a patient. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exportation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English export Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English exportation From export + -ation. 1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying or sending commodities abroad or to another country, in the course of commerce. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The commodity exported; an export. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of carrying something away or out from a place. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 4. Either the logical law ((P∧Q)→R)⇒(P→(Q→R)), or the rule of replacement ((P∧Q)→R)⇔(P→(Q→R)). Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: expostulation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin expostulātiōnem, accusative singular of expostulātiō (“complaint, expostulation”), from expostulō (“demand, expostulate”), from ex (“out of, from”) + postulō (“demand or claim”). See expostulate. 1. The act of reasoning earnestly in order to dissuade or remonstrate. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: [H]eedless of my expostulations and the growling thunder, and the great drops that began to plash around her, she remained calling, at intervals, and then listening, and then crying outright. Example: At length, by dint of much wriggling, and loud and incessant expostulations upon the unbecomingness of his hugging a fellow male in that matrimonial sort of style, I succeeded in extracting a grunt […]
Word: expound Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English expounden, from Old French espondre, from Latin exponere. Doublet of expone and expose. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspaʊnd/, /ɛkˈspaʊnd/ 1. To set out the meaning of; to explain or discuss at length. Labels: formal, transitive Example: Today I'll expound at length the theory propounded last week. Example: “[…] Some day, when you are tired of London, come down to Treadley, and expound to me your philosophy of pleasure over some admirable Burgundy I am fortunate enough to possess.” 2. To make a statement, especially at length. Labels: formal, intransitive Example: He expounded often on the dangers of the imperial presidency. Example: Fowler was also interested in metallurgy and the use of new materials that could withstand greater stresses, something he expounded on when giving his presidential address to the new Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1927.
Word: expropriation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English expropriate Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion English expropriation From expropriate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɛksˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/ 1. The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to private property without material compensation; the act of depriving oneself of private propriety rights. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: c. 1648, Walter Montagu, Devout Essaies. The soul of man then is capable of a state of much peace and equanimity, in the exterior bands and agitations; but this capacity is rather an effect of the expropriation of our reason, then a vertue resulting from her single capacity.
Word: expurgation Part of Speech: noun 1. The act of expurgating, purging, or cleansing; purification from anything noxious, offensive, sinful, or erroneous. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: extemporization Part of Speech: noun 1. The act of extemporizing; the act of doing anything extempore. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: extenuation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: An adaptation of extenuātiōn-, the oblique stem of the Latin extenuātiō (“a thinning or diminishing”, “rarefaction”; rhetoric “a lessening”, “diminution”, “extenuation”), noun of action from extenuō (“to thin, reduce, or diminish”). Equivalent to extenuate + -ion. Compare the French exténuation. Pronunciation: /ɪksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/, /ɛksˌtɛnjʊˈeɪʃən/ 1. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This mightily helpeth the extenuation of members. Example: A yong man…had an extenuation for want of nourishment in his Limbs. 2. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: Winds proceed from extenuation of the Air, by the Sun. 3. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: All Dilatation is some degree of Extenuation. Example: The Sea is the same at all seasons; what it gets by Rivers and showers, losing by exhalations and extenuations through the excessive heats…within the Torrid Zone. 4. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: The saide citie is much decaid…not a little to the extenuacion of that part of this realme. Example: Such extenuation let me begge, As in reproofe of many Tales deuis’d…I may…Finde pardon on my true submission. 5. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Sometimes…wee humble ourselves lower than there is cause…And no lesse well doth God take these submisse extenuations of our selves. Example: Through their…extenuation [of their grievance], wretchedness and peevishness they undo themselves. 6. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, obsolete, rhetoric, uncountable Example: We call him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation. Example: When for extenuation sake we use a lighter and more easie word or terme then the matter requires. 7. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Extenuation, by which the Crime, that seemed great, is made lesse. Example: He…was to find excuses and extenuations for sins. 8. The action of extenuating; extenuated condition. Labels: US, countable, humorous, in-plural, uncountable Example: They were clad in silken extenuations from the throat to the feet. Example: One side wore…extenuations of a…green colour.
Word: extermination Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French extermination, itself a learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin exterminātiō. 1. The act of exterminating; total destruction or eradication. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: extermination of error or vice Example: extermination of weeds from a field 2. Elimination. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: extirpation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin exstirpātiō. 1. The act of extirpating or uprooting. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: it aims at the correction of our manners, and extirpation of our vices
Word: extra Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary. Pronunciation: /ˈɛkstɹə/, /ˈɛksʈɾa/ 1. Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary. Labels: not-comparable, usually Example: I don't mind doing some extra work, as long as I get extra pay. Example: Kellogg himself became the biggest on-site celeb of all, delivering a weekly ‘Question Box’ lecture in which he explained that tobacco destroyed testicles, and that Ancient Rome had only fallen because the decadent Senators had started tossing their slaves into cookery pots to lend their food extra flavour, thus proving that an over-rich diet could lead to wholesale civilisational collapse. 2. Extraordinarily good; superior. Labels: dated, not-comparable, usually 3. Over the top; going beyond what is normal or appropriate, often in a dramatic manner. Labels: comparable, not-comparable, slang, usually Example: You unfollowed her for posting cat memes? You're so extra! Example: I highly recommend getting some more bread on the side—they offer small loaves and soup crackers for free, but I'm so extra, I bought my own loaf.
Word: extra Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary. Pronunciation: /ˈɛkstɹə/, /ˈɛksʈɾa/ 1. To an extraordinary degree. Labels: informal, not-comparable Example: That day he ran to school extra fast.
Word: extra Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Abbreviation of extraordinary. Pronunciation: /ˈɛkstɹə/, /ˈɛksʈɾa/ 1. Something additional, such as an item above and beyond the ordinary school curriculum, or added to the usual charge on a bill. 2. An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle, for example to report an important late-breaking event. Example: Extra, extra! Read all about it! 3. A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball. 4. A supernumerary or walk-on in a film or play. 5. The state or trait of being over the top, of behaving in an overly dramatic manner. Labels: slang Example: Stop! I can't deal with all your extra today! 6. Something of an extra quality or grade. 7. A day of extra duties (often, over the weekends), as a form of punishment. Labels: Singapore, countable
Word: extract Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin extractum, neuter perfect passive participle of extrahō, from ex- (“out of”) + trahō (“to drag”). Pronunciation: /ˈɛkstɹækt/ 1. Something that is extracted or drawn out. 2. A portion of a book, document, recording etc. incorporated distinctly in another work (for written or spoken words, synoymous to a citation; a quotation). Example: I used an extract of Hemingway's book to demonstrate culture shock. 3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue Example: vanilla extract Example: extract of beef 4. Any substance extracted is such a way, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained Example: quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark. 5. A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract). 6. A peculiar principle (fundamental essence) once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts. Labels: obsolete 7. Ancestry; descent. 8. A draft or copy of writing; a certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgment therein, with an order for execution.
Word: extract Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Latin extractum, neuter perfect passive participle of extrahō, from ex- (“out of”) + trahō (“to drag”). Pronunciation: /ɪkˈstɹækt/, /ɛkˈstɹækt/ 1. To draw out; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc. Labels: transitive Example: to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, or a splinter from the finger Example: The bee / Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet. 2. To withdraw by squeezing, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process. Compare abstract (transitive verb). Labels: transitive Example: to extract an essential oil from a plant Example: Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. 3. To pick out; to cite or reproduce a snippet of Labels: transitive Example: extract a passage from a text. Example: extract a line from a song. 4. To select parts of a whole Labels: transitive Example: We need to try to extract the positives from the defeat. 5. To determine (a root of a number). Labels: transitive Example: Please extract the cube root of 27. Example: […] Mr. Nackybal was thoroughly examined, both in cubing and extracting, from the table that Louit had provided.
Word: extraneous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin extrāneus (“from without, strange”). Doublet of strange. Cognate with estrange (verb), Spanish extraño. Pronunciation: /ɛkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/, /ɪkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/, /ekˈstɹæɪ.ni.əs/ 1. Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; foreign. Labels: not-comparable Example: to separate gold from extraneous matter Example: Extraneous substances were found on my cup of water. 2. Not essential or intrinsic. Labels: not-comparable Example: Edward had seen beauty often, and seen it with every possible aid; but never had he seen beauty so perfect, yet so utterly devoid of extraneous assistance. Example: If the Government believes that part of the railways' salvation is to be found in ridding them of extraneous concerns, it should have had the courage either to close the railway works down as quickly as possible, or to hive them off as an entirely separate concern, [...].
Word: extrication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English extricate Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion English extrication From extricate + -ion. 1. The act or process of extricating or disentangling; a freeing from perplexities; disentanglement. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Rescue of a trapped person in a vehicle or machinery. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of sending out or evolving. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: exultation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English exultacion, from Old French exultacion, from Latin exsultātiō, exsultātiōnem. Pronunciation: /ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/ 1. The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Strange that this idea carried with it something of exultation! so much does the pride of man rejoice in aught that marks him from his fellows, and little does it seem to matter whether that mark be for good or for evil. 2. A group of skylarks; the collective noun for skylarks. Labels: collective, countable
Word: eyot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English eyt, eit, from Old English īġeoþ, īgoþ, iggaþ, iggoþ (“ait, eyot, islet, small island”), diminutive of īġ, ēġ, īeġ (“island”) (whence English ey (“island”)) which also constitutes the first element of island. See also ait and Norwegian Bokmål øy. Pronunciation: /eɪt/, /ˈeɪ.ət/, /aɪt/ 1. A little island, especially in a river or lake. Labels: UK
Word: fabrication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French fabrication, from Latin fabricatio. Equivalent to fabricate + -ion. Pronunciation: /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/ 1. The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture Labels: uncountable Example: the fabrication of a bridge, a church, or a government Example: The AISC Standard for Steel Building Structures addresses trade practices and common concerns related to structural steel fabrication and construction. 2. That which is fabricated; a falsehood. Labels: countable Example: The story is doubtless a fabrication. Example: The conscious mind refuses to admit any failure to perceive, and puts in its place a series of rationalisations which are fabrications and distortions of the real nature of things. 3. The act of cutting up an animal carcass as preparation for cooking; butchery. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: For many years meat fabrication was done by hand, with the butchers improving their craft with the advent of higher quality metals, knives, and tools. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1800s, meat processing changed.
Word: facilitation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From facilitate + -ion. Compare Latin facilitātiō. Pronunciation: /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/, /fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən/ 1. The act of facilitating or making easy. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The process of synapses becoming more capable of transmitting the same type of signal each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of these synapses. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: fader Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English fade Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English fader From fade (verb) + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪdə/ 1. A device used to raise and lower sound volume. 2. A program or algorithm for fading out colors.
Word: fader Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English fade Proto-Indo-European *-yōs Proto-Germanic *-izô Proto-West Germanic *-iʀō Proto-Germanic *-ōzô Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀō Old English -ra Middle English -ere English -er English fader From fade (adjective) + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪdə/ 1. comparative form of fade: more fade Labels: comparative, form-of
Word: fain Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English fain (“enjoyable, pleasing; fond of; glad, pleased; good, suitable; happy, joyful”), from Old English fægen (“happy, joyful, fain”), from Proto-West Germanic *fagan (“glad”), from Proto-Germanic *faganaz (“glad”), from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“joyful; pretty”). Cognates * Old Norse fagna (“to rejoice”), feginn (“glad, joyful”) * Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (faginōn, “to rejoice”) * Old High German fehan, gifehan (“to rejoice”) * Old Saxon fagan, fagin Pronunciation: /feɪn/ 1. Often followed by of: glad, well-pleased. Labels: UK, archaic, dialectal, poetic Example: VVhat is the truſt or ſtrength of fooliſh man? / They that of late vvere daring vvith their ſcoffes, / Are glad and faine by flight to ſaue themſelues. Example: The cantie, auld folks, crackin crouſe, / The young ones ranting thro' the houſe— / My heart has been ſae fain to ſee them, / That I for joy hae barkit vvi' them. 2. Often followed by of: glad, well-pleased. Labels: UK, archaic, dialectal, poetic Example: [T]hey vvere faine to patche uppe the Matter vvith a little piece of Paper clappid over the foreſaid VVordes, […] Example: By this heaunly ground I tread on, I muſt be faine to pavvne both my plate, & the tapeſtry of my dining chambers. 3. Often followed by of: glad, well-pleased. Labels: UK, archaic, broadly, dialectal, poetic Example: Penker in his ſermõ [sermon] ſo loſt his voice that he was faine to leaue of [off] & come downe in the middes. Example: [I]n this condition, he [Jesus] is fain to bear his burdenſom Croſs tovvards the place of his Execution, John 19. 17. till he vvas able to carry it no longer, but even fainted under it; […] 4. Chiefly followed by to, or (obsolete) for or of: eager or willing, or inclined. Labels: UK, archaic, dialectal Example: Man and Birds are fayne of climbing high. 5. Favourable, well-disposed. Labels: archaic, obsolete Example: I felt a spirit of love begin to stir / Within my heart, long time unfelt till then; / And saw Love coming towards me, fair and fain, / (That I scarce knew him for his joyful cheer,) / Saying, "Be now indeed my worshipper!". 6. Accustomed, apt, wont. Labels: archaic, obsolete Example: [S]carcely ſhe could ryde, / And eke through heauie armes, vvhich ſore annoyd / The Prince on foot, not vvonted ſo to fare; / VVhoſe ſteadie hand vvas faine his ſteede to guyde, / And all the vvay from trotting hard to ſpare, / So vvas his toyle the more, the more that vvas his care. Example: [T]o a buſie man temptation is fain to climbe up together vvith his buſineſſes, and ſins creep upon him onely by accidents and occaſions; vvhereas to an idle perſon they come in a full body, and vvith open violence, and the impudence of a reſtleſſe importunity.
Word: fain Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English fain (“eagerly, willingly; gladly, joyfully”), from fain (adjective): see etymology 1. Pronunciation: /feɪn/ 1. Chiefly preceded or followed by would. Labels: archaic, obsolete Example: And in her hand ſhe held a mirrhour bright, / VVherein her face ſhe often vevved fayne, / And in her ſelfe-lou'd ſemblance tooke delight; / For ſhe vvas vvondrous faire, as any liuing vvight. Example: How faine (like Pilate) would I wash my hands / Of this most greeuous murther. 2. Chiefly preceded or followed by would. Labels: archaic, obsolete Example: Now vvould I giue a thouſand furlongs of Sea, for an Acre of barren ground: Long heath, Brovvne firrs, any thing; the vvills aboue be done, but I vvould faine dye a dry death. Example: For to tell you truth, I love him [Jesus], because I vvas by him eaſed of my burden, and I am vveary of my invvard ſickneſs; I vvould fain be vvhere I ſhall die no more, and vvith the Company that ſhall continually cry Holy, Holy, Holy.
Word: fain Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English fainen (“to be glad or joyful, rejoice; to make happy, gladden; to welcome; of an animal: to show happiness, as by wagging the tail; to act fawningly or flatteringly”), from Old English fæġnian (“to be glad, rejoice; to celebrate; to be delighted with, applaud; to wish for”), from Proto-West Germanic *faginōn (“to be glad, rejoice; to make glad, gladden”), from Proto-Germanic *faginōną (“to be glad, rejoice”), from *faganaz (“glad”): see further at etymology 1. Doublet of fawn. Pronunciation: /feɪn/ 1. To be delighted or glad about (someone or something); to rejoice in; also, to favour or prefer (someone or something). Labels: archaic, obsolete, rare, transitive Example: Hovv often vvould the Svvaines prepare their Morrice & their May / To haue a ſight of her, vvhen all enamoured vvent their vvay? / The ſprevvſeſt Citie-Lads for her vvould faine the Countrie-aire, / And that their prouder Girles had but adultrate beauties ſvvaire, […] 2. To make (someone) glad; to gladden; hence, to congratulate (someone); to welcome (someone). Labels: archaic, obsolete, transitive 3. To celebrate or worship; specifically, to offer an oblation which is not a sacrificial blót (“ceremonial offering”). Labels: Germanic, archaic, intransitive, obsolete 4. Chiefly followed by of, in, on, or to: to be delighted or glad; to rejoice. Labels: archaic, intransitive, obsolete Example: A diſtaffe in her other hand ſhe had, / Vpon the vvhich ſhe litle ſpinnes, but ſpils, / And faynes to vveaue falſe tales and leaſings bad, / To throvv amongſt the good, vvhich others had diſprad. 5. To desire, to wish. Labels: archaic, intransitive, obsolete
Word: faint Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English faynt, feynt (“weak; feeble”), from Old French faint, feint (“feigned; negligent; sluggish”), past participle of feindre, faindre (“to feign; sham; work negligently”), from Latin fingere (“to touch, handle, form, shape, frame, form in thought, imagine, conceive, contrive, devise, feign”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”). Cognate with feign and fiction and more distantly dough. Pronunciation: /feɪnt/ 1. Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to lose consciousness Example: I felt faint after my fifth gin and tonic. Example: He almost fell faint due to the hot climate. 2. Lacking courage, spirit, or energy; cowardly; dejected. Example: Faint heart ne'er won fair lady. 3. Barely perceptible; not bright, or loud, or sharp. Example: There was a faint red light in the distance. 4. Performed, done, or acted, weakly; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy. Example: faint efforts Example: faint resistance 5. Slight; minimal. Example: a faint chance Example: do you have the faintest understanding of what they mean? 6. Sickly, so as to make a person feel faint. Labels: archaic Example: Happening to pass a fruiterer’s on their way; the door of which was open, though the shop was by this time shut; one of them remarked how faint the peaches smelled.
Word: faint Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English faynt, feynt (“weak; feeble”), from Old French faint, feint (“feigned; negligent; sluggish”), past participle of feindre, faindre (“to feign; sham; work negligently”), from Latin fingere (“to touch, handle, form, shape, frame, form in thought, imagine, conceive, contrive, devise, feign”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”). Cognate with feign and fiction and more distantly dough. Pronunciation: /feɪnt/ 1. The act of fainting, syncope. Example: She suffered another faint. 2. The state of one who has fainted; a swoon. Labels: rare
Word: faint Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English fainten, feynten, from the adjective (see above). Pronunciation: /feɪnt/ 1. To lose consciousness through a lack of oxygen or nutrients to the brain, usually as a result of suddenly reduced blood flow (may be caused by emotional trauma, loss of blood or various medical conditions). Labels: intransitive Example: A fainting fit. Example: If I send them away fasting […] they will faint by the way. 2. To lose courage or spirit; to become depressed or despondent. Labels: intransitive Example: If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. 3. To decay; to disappear; to vanish. Labels: intransitive Example: November 12, 1711, Alexander Pope, letter to Henry Cromwell Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, faint before the eye.
Word: fairly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English fayrly, fayrely, vayrliche, equivalent to fair + -ly. Pronunciation: /ˈfɛə.li/, /ˈfɛːlɪj/, /ˈfɛɹ.li/, /ˈfeɹ.li/, /ˈfeːli/ 1. In a fair manner; fair; not biased or skewed or favouring a certain party Example: A jury is expected to ensure that the accused is fairly judged. 2. Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously. Example: a town fairly situated for foreign trade 3. Honestly; properly. Example: Consumer laws aim to have consumers fairly treated. Example: 10. You will be civil and attentive to passengers, giving proper assistance to ladies and children getting in or out, and never start the car before passengers are fairly received or landed. 4. Softly; quietly; gently. 5. Partly, not fully; somewhat. Example: The weather this weekend will be fairly dry. Example: My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price. 6. Almost; practically. Labels: dated Example: We quadrilled, waltzed, and conversed, in all of which my clever partner excelled; and her charms, combined with the excellent champagne I imbibed, fairly dazzled my imagination. Example: Betty grew so nervous and frightened, that she fairly bawled to her colleague, Moggy, and told her she would not stay in the room unless she sat up all night with her. 7. Of handwriting: neatly and legibly. Labels: archaic Example: That Pen, which now writes blottingly, might be well made at first, and will write fairly again […] Example: I was at the Mathematical School, where the Maſter taught his Pupils after a Method ſcarce imaginable to us in Europe. The Propoſition and Demonſtration were fairly written on a thin Wafer, with Ink compoſed of a Cephalick Tincture. This the Student was to ſwallow upon a faſting Stomach, and for three days following eat nothing but Bread and Water. As the Wafer digeſted, the Tincture mounted to his Brain, bearing the Propoſition along with it.
Word: faithless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English feithles, equivalent to faith + -less. 1. Lacking faith; lacking belief in something. Example: "You're so faithless about pills," he said, "that I'm not going to give you any." 2. Not believing in God, religion, or a comparable ideology. 3. Unfaithful (said of people, towards their partners) Example: Menelaus, who fought to recover his faithless wife, has clearly rooted himself in Sparta for the remainder of his life […] 4. Not observant of promises or covenants. 5. Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows 6. Serving to disappoint or deceive
Word: fake Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The origin is not known with certainty, although first attested in 1775 C.E. in British criminals' slang. It is probably from feak, feague (“to give a better appearance through artificial means, spruce up, embellish”), itself from German Low German fegen, from Middle Low German vēgen, from Old Saxon fegōn, from Proto-West Germanic *fegōn (“to clean up, polish”). Akin to Dutch veeg (“a swipe”), Dutch vegen (“to sweep, wipe”); German fegen (“to sweep, to polish”). Compare also Old English fācn (“deceit, fraud”). Perhaps related also to Old Norse fjúka (“to fade, vanquish, disappear”), Old Norse feikn (“strange, scary, unnatural”). Pronunciation: /feɪ̯k/ 1. Not real; false, fraudulent. Example: Which fur coat looks fake? Example: Seeing Rossano Brazzi play an aristocratic White Russian, standing in the fakest snow that wartime supplies could buy, may be the most peculiar twist of all in the curious story of how Ayn Rand's autobiographical first novel came to the screen. 2. Insincere
Word: fake Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The origin is not known with certainty, although first attested in 1775 C.E. in British criminals' slang. It is probably from feak, feague (“to give a better appearance through artificial means, spruce up, embellish”), itself from German Low German fegen, from Middle Low German vēgen, from Old Saxon fegōn, from Proto-West Germanic *fegōn (“to clean up, polish”). Akin to Dutch veeg (“a swipe”), Dutch vegen (“to sweep, wipe”); German fegen (“to sweep, to polish”). Compare also Old English fācn (“deceit, fraud”). Perhaps related also to Old Norse fjúka (“to fade, vanquish, disappear”), Old Norse feikn (“strange, scary, unnatural”). Pronunciation: /feɪ̯k/ 1. Something which is not genuine, or is presented fraudulently. Example: I suspect this passport is a fake. Example: Among other interesting and weighty opinions, which were in general agreement with our contentions, was one by Mr. H. A. Staddon of Goodmayes, a gentleman who had made a particular hobby of fakes in photography. His report is too long and too technical for inclusion, but, under the various headings of composition, dress, development, density, lighting, poise, texture, plate, atmosphere, focus, halation, he goes very completely into the evidence, coming to the final conclusion that when tried by all these tests the chances are not less than 80 per cent. in favour of authenticity. 2. A move meant to deceive an opposing player, used for gaining advantage for example when dribbling an opponent. 3. A trick; a swindle Labels: archaic