nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: antiepileptic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From anti- + epileptic. 1. Acting to prevent epileptic seizures Labels: not-comparable Example: This drug has an antiepileptic effect.
Word: antiepileptic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From anti- + epileptic. 1. A drug which acts to prevent epileptic seizures Example: He was prescribed a course of antiepileptics.
Word: antiglycolytic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From anti- + glycolytic. 1. Acting to prevent glycolysis Labels: not-comparable Example: The most common antiglycolytic agent is sodium fluoride.
Word: antimaternal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From anti- + maternal. 1. Having characteristics opposite those associated with maternity Example: The eponymous "Unnatural Mother," for one, certainly seems to show an antimaternal rather than a maternal reflex when she rapidly and automatically acts to save her town rather than her own child. 2. Pertaining to an immune response against the mother Example: an antimaternal antibody
Word: antiterrorism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́) Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-)der. English anti- Proto-Indo-European *tres- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *troséyeti Proto-Italic *trozeō Latin terreō Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Italic *-ōs Latin -or Latin terrorbor. Old French terreur Middle French terreur French terreur Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ῐσμός (-ĭsmós)der. Latin -ismusbor. French -isme French terrorisme English terrorism English antiterrorism From anti- + terrorism. 1. Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism. Labels: attributive, often, uncountable Example: Antiterrorism funding was increased after 2001.
Word: arrythmogenic Part of Speech: adj 1. Misspelling of arrhythmogenic. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: arrhythmogenic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English arrhythmia Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os Proto-Hellenic *génos Ancient Greek γένος (génos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor. French -gènebor. Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ik English -ic English -genic English arrhythmogenic From arrhythmia + -genic. 1. Relating to arrhythmogenesis Example: Catecholamines have an arrhythmogenic effect.
Word: radiation dose Part of Speech: noun 1. The amount of radiation that reaches something from a radioactive source, or the effect that that amount has; it can be measured in several ways, three of which are expressed by SI in sieverts (non-SI, in rems) and one of which is expressed by SI in grays (non-SI, in rads).
Word: ionizing radiations Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ionizing radiation Labels: form-of, plural
Word: Uecker Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from German Uecker. 1. A surname from German.
Word: absorbed doses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of absorbed dose Labels: form-of, plural
Word: radiation doses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of radiation dose Labels: form-of, plural
Word: kiddie cocktails Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of kiddie cocktail Labels: form-of, plural
Word: boat person Part of Speech: noun 1. A member of any of the ethnic or refugee groups known as "boat people". 2. Alternative form of boatperson. Labels: alt-of, alternative 3. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see boat, person.
Word: economizes Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of economize Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: economized Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of economize Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: equerries Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of equerry Labels: form-of, plural
Word: emergency room Part of Speech: noun 1. A department of a hospital where seriously ill or injured patients, often with life-threatening conditions that require urgent or immediate treatment, are brought in, usually by ambulance. Labels: Canada, Philippines, US
Word: eyering Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From eye + ring. 1. A colored circle around the eye of a bird.
Word: eyerings Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of eyering Labels: form-of, plural
Word: Old Faithful Part of Speech: name 1. A geyser in the American national park of Yellowstone, known for its regular eruptions.
Word: falsettos Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of falsetto Labels: form-of, plural
Word: alloy wheel Part of Speech: noun 1. A wheel made from an alloy other than steel (a lighter and more expensive one), as for example one of aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy, and (usually) styled so as to draw attention to its sportiness and desirability. Example: I see that he blinged it up a bit by ordering the package with the spoiler and the alloy wheels.
Word: fandangoes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fandango Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fandangos Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fandango Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fantasizes Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of fantasize Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: Lchashen Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Armenian Լճաշեն (Lčašen). 1. A village in Gegharkunik, Armenia.
Word: feting Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of fete Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: fêted Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of fête Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: fetishes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fetish Labels: form-of, plural
Word: ashen-faced Part of Speech: adj 1. Having a pallor (pale face) due to fear or a similar emotion. Labels: figuratively
Word: filet mignon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French filet (“fillet”) mignon (“tender”). Pronunciation: /ˌfiːleɪ ˈmiːnjɒ̃/, /fɪˈleɪ mɪnˈjɒ̃/, /-ɒn/ 1. A steak cut of beef taken from the tenderloin, or psoas major, of the steer or heifer. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: filets mignons Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of filet mignon Labels: form-of, plural
Word: leniate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin lēniō — to soften, to soothe. 1. To soothe. Labels: obsolete Example: Sometimes an offender is beheaded, sometimes thrown off a rock; […] yet, in these cases, as the Emperor's fury is leniated, they many times escape; but, when the Mutes come in place, all are displaced, against whom their commission is enlarged. Example: […] ſuch vehehement [sic] vexations and torments in Colicall dolours, which might be leniated by ſeverall Medicaments […]
Word: Evel Knievel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Evel Knievel, name of a world-famous daredevil. 1. A daredevil. Labels: idiomatic 2. A reckless showboating driver. Labels: idiomatic 3. (Citizens Band radio) Cop on a motorcycle. Labels: slang
Word: artemin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Coined in a 1998 paper by R.H. Baloh et al., in the journal Neuron. http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(00)80649-2 1. A neurotrophin, or nerve growth factor, in the GDNF family, bonding to the receptor GFRalpha3-RET.
Word: arteriogenesis Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From arterio- + -genesis. 1. An increase in the diameter of existing arterial vessels
Word: arteriogeneses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of arteriogenesis Labels: form-of, plural
Word: astroglia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr Proto-Hellenic *astḗr Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́στρον (ắstron)der. English astro- English glia English astroglia From astro- + glia. 1. The group of star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord
Word: astroglial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr Proto-Hellenic *astḗr Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́στρον (ắstron)der. English astro- English glia English astroglia English -al English astroglial From astroglia + -al. 1. Of or pertaining to the astrocytes, the star-shaped glial cells of the brain and spinal cord Labels: not-comparable Example: Specifically, growing evidence indicates that there are several astroglial lineages, that there are regional differences in the patterns of gliogenesis within the CNS, that astrocytes from different brain regions have distinct properties (see Chapter 4), and that glial progenitors remain in the adult mammalian CNS.
Word: fingermark Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From finger + mark. 1. A blemish made by a dirty finger; a fingerprint. Example: He left his fingermark on the recently cleaned cloth. Example: “No,” I said, rather surprised, “I know that there are no two finger-marks alike, but that’s as far as my science goes.”
Word: fingermark Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From finger + mark. 1. To mark with a dirty or greasy finger; to leave a fingerprint. Labels: transitive
Word: fingermarks Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fingermark Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fingermarks Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of fingermark Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: fl. oz. Part of Speech: noun 1. Abbreviation of fluid ounce(s). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of
Word: flambeing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of flambe Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: flambeed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of flambe Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: flans Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of flan Labels: form-of, plural
Word: flans Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of flan Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: floozies Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of floozie Labels: form-of, plural 2. plural of floozy Labels: form-of, plural
Word: flowstone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From flow + stone. 1. A secondary layered mineral deposit of calcite or other mineral, formed by water flowing down the walls and along the floor of a cave.
Word: flowstones Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of flowstone Labels: form-of, plural
Word: foeticide Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From foetus + -cide or foetus + -icide; see feticide for more. 1. Alternative form of feticide Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable
Word: foeticides Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of foeticide Labels: form-of, plural
Word: follow-throughs Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of follow-through Labels: form-of, plural
Word: footmark Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From foot + mark. 1. footprint (an impression made by a foot) Example: “I just say it’s curious, that’s all. Here’s a young man who ought to cut and run, but he doesn’t cut and run. He stays here, and gives us every facility for comparing footmarks.”
Word: footmarks Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of footmark Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fleshless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English fleschles, flechles, equivalent to flesh + -less. Cognate with West Frisian fleisleas (“meatless”), Dutch vleesloos (“meatless”), German fleischlos (“meatless”). 1. Without flesh, lacking flesh; lean. Labels: not-comparable Example: Thrusting in my head between the stems, I found myself gazing at a fleshless skull.
Word: fortune-teller Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of fortune teller. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: The usual exchange between English children is as follows: A: Who do you love? (referring to one of the names on the fortune-teller) B: Simon. A: S-I-M-O-N (alternately opens and shuts the device as he or she says each letter).
Word: fortune-tellers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fortune-teller Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fossilizes Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of fossilize Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: fossilizing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of fossilize Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: autofocus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From auto- + focus. 1. A feature of some cameras and other optical systems that allows a correct focus on the subject to be obtained automatically Labels: uncountable Example: This camera has autofocus, so it's more expensive. 2. The automatic setting of the focus on an input element. Labels: uncountable Example: 2013, Jon Raasch, JavaScript Programming: Pushing the Limits Once the polyfill kicks in, it hijacks the user's input cursor and places it into a different field, a problem that does not exist in the native implementation of autofocus.
Word: autofocus Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From auto- + focus. 1. To focus automatically. Example: My camera makes a funny sound when it autofocuses. Example: The camera was autofocused before the picture was taken.
Word: four-leaf clover Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈfɔɹˈliːfˈkloʊ.vɚ/ 1. An uncommon variation of the clover, having four leaves instead of the usual three. 2. A bringer of good luck. Labels: idiomatic
Word: autofocuses Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of autofocus Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: four-leaf clovers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of four-leaf clover Labels: form-of, plural
Word: autofocusing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of autofocus Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: autofocused Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of autofocus Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: four-square Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of foursquare. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: four-square Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of foursquare. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: The reaſon why the Chineſes gave their Kingdom theſe Names, may be ſupposſed to be this ; in regard that formerly they did verily believe that the Heaven was round, the Earth four-ſquare, and in the middle point thereof lay their Kingdom.
Word: foxgloves Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of foxglove Labels: form-of, plural
Word: freesias Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of freesia Labels: form-of, plural
Word: freshers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fresher Labels: form-of, plural
Word: froshing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of frosh Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: froshed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of frosh Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: froshes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of frosh Labels: form-of, plural
Word: froshes Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of frosh Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: frowner Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From frown + -er. 1. One who frowns.
Word: frowners Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of frowner Labels: form-of, plural
Word: drowner Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From drown + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈdɹaʊnə(ɹ)/ 1. Someone who dies by drowning. Example: With the jumpers and the drowners, McGee, you don't pick up a pattern. That's because a jumper damned near always makes it the first time, and a drowner is usually almost as successful, about the same rate as hangers. 2. One who drowns another. Example: At eight you thought of boys as cat drowners and bird stoners. At nine there was another reason for boys' existence: they either noticed you or they didn't, and it desperately mattered which.
Word: drowners Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of drowner Labels: form-of, plural
Word: fry-up Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of fry up. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: full English breakfast Part of Speech: noun 1. A traditional breakfast from England, typically consisting of bacon, eggs, tomatoes, fried mushrooms, fried bread and sausages.
Word: full English breakfasts Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of full English breakfast Labels: form-of, plural
Word: creep up Part of Speech: verb 1. To advance or increase with stealth, unnoticed (literally or figuratively). Labels: intransitive Example: The lioness has to creep up behind her prey so as not to be noticed. Example: Then I was forced to rest; and, sitting down on the ground, saw that the glimmering streak of light had faded, and that the awful blackness of the previous night was creeping up again.
Word: fuchsias Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of fuchsia Labels: form-of, plural
Word: full-backs Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of full-back Labels: form-of, plural
Word: flip-flopping Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of flip-flop Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: Facebook Part of Speech: name Etymology: From facebook, earlier TheFacebook and Facemash. Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪsbʊk/, /ˈfɛjsbɵk/, /ˈfeɪsbuːk/, [ˈfeːsbuːk], /ˈfesbʉk/ 1. A social-networking website where users can find acquaintances or friends, exchange messages, and post updates. Example: Mia was just seeing a reel on Facebook that her friend had posted. Example: Google is one of several Big Tech firms that has made an aggressive push into gaming in recent years, along with Amazon (AMZN), Apple (AAPL) and Facebook (FB).
Word: Facebook Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From facebook, earlier TheFacebook and Facemash. Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪsbʊk/, /ˈfɛjsbɵk/, /ˈfeɪsbuːk/, [ˈfeːsbuːk], /ˈfesbʉk/ 1. A personal web profile on the social-networking site Facebook. Example: You might have a Facebook. So do I. And so does my mom and my grandma and all of her friends. But you know who doesn’t have a Facebook? Your kid’s friends. Example: 'An intimate photo has been posted on your cloned Facebook page,' says Greg. 'What, of me in the nuddy?' Nick snorts a note of laughter. 'No, of you and a woman.' 'What woman? Show me,' he says holding his hand out.
Word: Facebook Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From facebook, earlier TheFacebook and Facemash. Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪsbʊk/, /ˈfɛjsbɵk/, /ˈfeɪsbuːk/, [ˈfeːsbuːk], /ˈfesbʉk/ 1. To use the social-networking site Facebook. Labels: intransitive 2. To send a message or leave a comment on Facebook. Labels: transitive Example: Facebook me the details later. Example: Corinthia’s bathroom was never discussed with the Lugo Memorial student body, but when it (the bathroom) materialized, it was Facebooked, Instagrammed, Tweeted, Foursquared, WordPressed, Tumblred, Snapchatted, and so thoroughly digitally disseminated that it was as if pictures of Rinna Buss’s breasts had been leaked.
Word: gasmen Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of gasman Labels: form-of, plural
Word: gawker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English gawk Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English gawker From gawk + -er. 1. Someone who gawks; someone who stares stupidly.
Word: gawkers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of gawker Labels: form-of, plural
Word: get-togethers Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of get-together Labels: form-of, plural
Word: ginkgos Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ginkgo Labels: form-of, plural
Word: ginkgoes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ginkgo Labels: form-of, plural
Word: gms Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of gm; grams. Labels: form-of, plural Example: Add 5 gms of salt and 10 gms of sugar.
Word: go-betweens Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of go-between Labels: form-of, plural
Word: go-getters Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of go-getter Labels: form-of, plural
Word: gonococcal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From gonococc(us) + -al. Pronunciation: /ɡɒnəˈkɒkl̩/ 1. Of, or pertaining to, gonococcus. Labels: not-comparable
Word: gonococcus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From a short form of gonorrhea + -coccus. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɒnəˌkɒkəs/ 1. Any of the bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) that are responsible for gonorrhea.
Word: gonococci Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of gonococcus Labels: form-of, plural
Word: gravities Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of gravity Labels: form-of, plural
Word: greenflies Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of greenfly Labels: form-of, plural
Word: grocery store Part of Speech: noun 1. A store where groceries can be purchased, especially a supermarket. Labels: Canada, US
Word: thyrotoxicoses Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of thyrotoxicosis Labels: form-of, plural
Word: thyro- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-der. Proto-Hellenic *tʰurā Ancient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thŭ́rā) Ancient Greek -εος (-eos) Ancient Greek θῠρεός (thŭreós) Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *wéydos Proto-Hellenic *wéidos Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs) Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs)bor. New Latin thyreoīdēsbor. English thyroid Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- English thyro- From thyroid + -o-. Pronunciation: /θʌɪ.ɹəʊ/, /θaɪ.ɹoʊ/ 1. Thyroid. Labels: morpheme
Word: fuhgeddaboudit Part of Speech: intj Etymology: The phrase is associated with the inhabitants of New York City and the part of the state of New Jersey outside of it. Pronunciation: [fɵˈɡɛdəˌbæʊ.dɪʔ] 1. Pronunciation spelling of forget about it, representing New York City and New Jersey English. Labels: alt-of, pronunciation-spelling Example: As they say in New York, fuhgedaboudit. And speaking of successful muggers, perennial presidential candidate Lyndon LaRouche also had reason to smile Example: He apologized to me, quietly and sadly. He thought he was letting me down. “Fuhgeddaboudit,” I told him in my best New Jersey accent.
Word: gov't Part of Speech: noun 1. Abbreviation of government. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, countable, uncountable
Word: avascular Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English vascular English avascular From a- + vascular. 1. Lacking blood vessels. Example: An avascular mass was discovered during surgery.
Word: bilayered Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *dwi- Proto-Italic *dwi- Latin bi-bor. English bi- English layered English bilayered From bi- + layered. 1. Having a structure with two layers Labels: not-comparable Example: The prosthesis has a bilayered calcium phosphate coating.
Word: rondelle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French rondelle. Doublet of redondilla. 1. A small circular object. 2. One of the successive crusts formed on molten metal as it cools.
Word: scism Part of Speech: noun 1. Obsolete spelling of schism. Labels: alt-of, obsolete
Word: autoregressive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From auto- + regressive. 1. Employing autoregression, using a weighted sample of past data to predict future results Example: An autoregressive model was used.
Word: autoreactive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English auto- English react Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus Old French -ifbor. Middle English -yf English -ive English reactive English autoreactive From auto- + reactive. 1. Acting against the organism by which it was produced Example: an autoreactive T-cell clone
Word: biochemistries Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of biochemistry Labels: form-of, plural
Word: disinterment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English disinter Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English disinterment From disinter + -ment. Pronunciation: /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈtɜː.mənt/, /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈtɝː.mənt/ 1. The act of disinterring. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: disinterments Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of disinterment Labels: form-of, plural
Word: dictums Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈdɪk.təmz/ 1. Alternative form of dicta, plural of dictum Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: bioessential Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der. Ancient Greek βῐ́ος (bĭ́os) Ancient Greek βῐο- (bĭo-)der. English bio- Late Latin essentiālisbor. English essential English bioessential From bio- + essential. 1. Essential for life Labels: not-comparable Example: Nitrogen is one of around 30 bioessential elements incorporated into biogeochemical cycles.
Word: biocytin Part of Speech: noun 1. An organic compound having the chemical formula C₁₆H₂₈N₄O₄S, formed by covalent bonding between biotin and a lysine residue Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: biocomposites Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of biocomposite Labels: form-of, plural
Word: biocomposite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-der. Ancient Greek βῐ́ος (bĭ́os) Ancient Greek βῐο- (bĭo-)der. English bio- English composite English biocomposite From bio- + composite. 1. A composite material comprising a resin matrix and a bolster to reinforce natural fibers, wherein either the resin or the bolster is of biological origin.
Word: biocytins Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of biocytin Labels: form-of, plural
Word: bedrobes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of bedrobe Labels: form-of, plural
Word: bimodality Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English bimodal Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Latin -itāsder. Old French -itebor. Middle English -ite English -ity English bimodality From bimodal + -ity. 1. A bimodal condition Example: Frequency distributions of some of the variables indicate the existence of bimodalities.
Word: bimodalities Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of bimodality Labels: form-of, plural
Word: harelike Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English hare Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-West Germanic *-līk Old English -līċ Middle English -like English -like English harelike From hare + -like. 1. Characteristic of, or resembling a hare.
Word: kapus Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of kapu Labels: form-of, plural
Word: plication Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French plicacion, and its source, Latin plicatio. Pronunciation: /plɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ 1. An act of folding. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A fold or pleat. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: But the recognition of nappes set out the research project: you need not simply throw up your hands in despair at perverse plications and ceaseless crenelations in the Alps. 3. A surgical procedure in which a body part is strengthened or shortened by pulling together folds of excess material, and suturing them into place. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: perone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French péroné, from Ancient Greek περόνη (perónē, “fibula”). 1. The fibula. Labels: obsolete
Word: hadrodynamics Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From hadro- + dynamics. 1. The study of the laws that govern the motion and interaction of hadrons Labels: uncountable
Word: hypercomputation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *úp Proto-Indo-European *-er Proto-Indo-European *upér Proto-Hellenic *hupér Ancient Greek ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér) Ancient Greek ῠ̔περ- (hŭper-)der. English hyper- English computation English hypercomputation From hyper- + computation. 1. Any of several forms of computation that are theoretically (or practically) impossible with current technology. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: classical hadrodynamics Part of Speech: noun 1. The study of classical relativistic equations of motion for actions involving extended nucleons interacting with massive, neutral scalar and vector meson fields. Labels: uncountable
Word: quantum hadrodynamics Part of Speech: noun 1. A framework for describing the nuclear many-body problem as a relativistic system of baryons and mesons based on a local, Lorentz-invariant lagrangian density. Labels: uncountable
Word: hypercomputations Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of hypercomputation Labels: form-of, plural
Word: full names Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of full name Labels: form-of, plural
Word: galley proof Part of Speech: noun 1. A trial page or proof of continuous text that has not been divided into pages.
Word: page proof Part of Speech: noun 1. A trial page or proof that has been made up into pages.
Word: cantil Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Tzeltal kantiil (“yellow lips”). 1. Any of various snakes of the species Agkistrodon bilineatus.
Word: ochlocrat Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English ochlo- Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)der. Latin -o-bor. English -o- Proto-Indo-European *kret- Ancient Greek κρᾰ́τος (krắtos)bor. English -crat English ochlocrat From ochlo- (“mob”) + -o- + -crat (“supporter of rule thereby”). Pronunciation: /ˈɒkləkɹæt/ 1. An adherent of the principle of ochlocracy; an advocate of mob rule. Example: But Lysias was an unabashed ‘ ochlocrat.’ He was at this time poor, and his citizenship was shown to be illegal almost as soon as it was granted. Example: “You, Father, are an ochlocrat. No heresy in our time is more noxious than trying to implant ochlocracy in the Church. And that’s what you’re trying to do.”
Word: ochlocrats Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of ochlocrat Labels: form-of, plural
Word: Jack-in-the-pulpit Part of Speech: noun 1. A plant native to woodlands of northern Europe, Arum maculatum. 2. A plant native to eastern North America, Arisaema triphyllum. 3. Any plant in the genus Arisaema. 4. Cat's cradle.
Word: black swans Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of black swan Labels: form-of, plural
Word: pipefish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From pipe + fish. 1. A small fish of subfamily Syngnathinae in the seahorse family, having a long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout.
Word: cybertext Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cyber- + text, perhaps popularised by Espen J. Aarseth's 1997 "Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature"; though "The Cybertext Corporation" existed in Arcata in the 1980s. 1. Text on a computer, particularly hypertext Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The sense of mystory^([sic]) opens up for academics the conceptual space of allowing students a singular journey through a cybertext. Example: Cybertext may promote such a strong feeling of distance between readers, writers, and texts that referentiality to material conditions is downplayed. The very physical act of holding a book and turning its pages-in a sense, much more interactive than clicking a mouse[…] 2. Text on a computer, particularly hypertext Labels: uncountable Example: Procedural and generative cybertext work undermines the concept of authorship and encourages the discussion about 'cyborg authorship'
Word: permanent waves Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of permanent wave Labels: form-of, plural
Word: meros Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”). 1. the proximal segment of the hind limb; the thigh
Word: meros Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”). 1. the plain surface between the channels of a triglyph Example: A triglyph consists of six parts , two and a half of which are on each side, and the meros is in the centre and constitutes one part
Word: aethrioscopes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of aethrioscope Labels: form-of, plural
Word: paparazza Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian paparazza, changed from paparazzo to reflect feminine gender (both actual and grammatical), as is morphologically standard in Italian. Pronunciation: /ˌpæ.pəˈɹæ.tsə/, /ˌpɑ.pəˈɹɑ.tsə/ 1. A female paparazzo. Example: ^({1}) This Sophie he often talks to her about, who helps support her old sick parents so nobly and has just won a big prize for her writing, how did she go about finding herself as a paparazza? ^({2}) […] she might eventually interview Henry Miller there; she could begin her career as a paparazza that way… Example: Eventually the harried waitress turns paparazza and drives them out with flashbulbs.
Word: wigmaker Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From wig + maker. 1. A person who makes or sells wigs.
Word: nuntii Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of nuntius Labels: form-of, plural
Word: Elliana Part of Speech: name 1. A female given name.
Word: sacculus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from Latin sacculus (“a little sack or bag”), diminutive of saccus (“a sack, bag, purse”). Doublet of saccule. Pronunciation: /ˈsak.jʊl.əs/, /ˈsæk.jəl.əs/ 1. A small bag of herbs or medicinal substances, applied to the body. Labels: obsolete Example: Sacculi, or little bags of herbs, flowers, seeds, roots, and the like, applied to the head […]. 2. UK form of saccule. Labels: UK, alt-of
Word: linsang Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Javanese linsang. 1. Any of the members of two catlike Asian animal species classified in the mammalian family Prionodontidae. 2. Any of the members of two superficially catlike African animal species classified in the mammalian family Viverridae.
Word: linsangs Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of linsang Labels: form-of, plural
Word: pilot-hole Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of pilot hole. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: bivium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin bivium (“a place with two ways”). 1. One side of an echinoderm, including a pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side (trivium), which includes three ambulacra.
Word: marsh tit Part of Speech: noun 1. A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile palustris).
Word: viae Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of via Labels: form-of, plural
Word: willow tit Part of Speech: noun 1. A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile montanus).
Word: apodicticity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English apodictic Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Latin -itāsder. Old French -itebor. Middle English -ite English -ity English apodicticity From apodictic + -ity. 1. The state of being apodictic Labels: uncountable
Word: multiboot Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *moltos Latin multus Latin multīder. Middle English multi- English multi- Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-der.? Proto-Germanic *bautaną Frankish *bautander.? Old French botebor. Middle English bote English boot English multiboot From multi- + boot. 1. Having several operating systems available, such that any of them can be selected each time the computer is booted. Labels: not-comparable
Word: kaviar Part of Speech: noun 1. Archaic form of caviar. Labels: alt-of, archaic, uncountable
Word: IUML Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Indian Union Muslim League, a political party. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: gourmandise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From gourmand + -ise. Pronunciation: /ˈɡʊɹməndaɪz/, /ˈɡoɹ-/, /ˈɡɔɹ-/, /ˈɡʊəməndaɪz/, /ˈɡɔː-/ 1. To eat food in a gluttonous manner; to gorge; to make a pig of oneself. Example: I have long dream'd of such a kind of man, / So surfeit-swell'd, so old and so profane; / But, being awaked, I do despise my dream. / Make less thy body hence, and more thy grace; / Leave gormandizing; know the grave doth gape / For thee thrice wider than for other men. Example: A benevolent old Surgeon sat once in our company, with a Patient fallen sick by gourmandising, whom he had just, too briefly in the Patient’s judgment, been examining.
Word: gourmandise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree French gourmand French -ise French gourmandisebor. English gourmandise Borrowed from French gourmandise. Pronunciation: /ɡʊɹmənˈdiz/, /ˈɡoɹ-/, /ˈɡɔɹ-/, /ɡʊəmənˈdiːz/, /ˈɡɔː-/ 1. gluttony Labels: uncountable
Word: dual-boot Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From dual + boot. 1. Having two operating systems available, such that either of them can be selected each time the computer is booted. Labels: not-comparable Example: In either situation, a dual-boot installation uses unpartitioned free space on the current or on another hard disk as the target.
Word: unpartitioned Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Germanic *un- Proto-West Germanic *un- Old English un- Middle English un- English un- English partitioned English unpartitioned From un- + partitioned. 1. Not partitioned. Labels: not-comparable
Word: unpartitioned Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of unpartition Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: dual boot Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of dual-boot. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: ajars Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of ajar Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: story arc Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From story + arc. Pronunciation: /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑːk/, /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑɹk/ 1. The chronological construction of a plot or storyline, especially one specific to a particular character or plot aspect; an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television or comic books. Example: This story arc about "hunting the buffalo" is part of a larger story arc about "developing relationships with the Indians". Example: A story arc can be developed continuously until it is completed, but it is more usual for a drama series to treat a story arc discontinuously...
Word: story arcs Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of story arc Labels: form-of, plural
Word: ajarring Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of ajar Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: A plot Part of Speech: noun 1. The primary plot of a piece of literature, television, etc., contrasted with the secondary B plot. Example: The primary function of the A plot is to initiate the first movement and complication in the B plot and eventually absorb the B plot once it is resolved. Example: Shows have an A plot and a subsidiary, or B plot...
Word: A plots Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of A plot Labels: form-of, plural
Word: B plot Part of Speech: noun 1. The secondary plot of a piece of literature, television, etc., contrasted with the primary A plot. Example: The primary function of the A plot is to initiate the first movement and complication in the B plot and eventually absorb the B plot once it is resolved. Example: Shows have an A plot and a subsidiary, or B plot...
Word: B plots Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of B plot Labels: form-of, plural
Word: presidentes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of presidente Labels: form-of, plural
Word: digital video recorders Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of digital video recorder Labels: form-of, plural
Word: personal video recorders Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of personal video recorder Labels: form-of, plural
Word: costume dramas Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of costume drama Labels: form-of, plural
Word: period pieces Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of period piece Labels: form-of, plural
Word: voetganger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Afrikaans voetganger, from Dutch voetganger, from Middle Dutch voetganger. 1. The crawling form of a locust, not yet able to fly. Labels: South-Africa
Word: reacceptance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re-der. Old French re-bor. Middle English re- English re- Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- substratebor.? Proto-Indo-European *kap- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti Proto-Italic *kapjō Old Latin kapiō Latin capiō Latin accipiō Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin acceptārelbor. Old French accepterder. Middle French acceptancebor. ▲ Old French accepterder.? Middle English accepten English accept Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -iader. Old French -ancebor. Middle English -aunce English -ance English acceptance English reacceptance From re- + acceptance. 1. Acceptance again of something previously rejected. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Lost and recovered in the working through of repeated repudiations and reacceptances of femininity, vaginal sensations eventually unite and coordinate...
Word: reacceptances Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of reacceptance Labels: form-of, plural
Word: multi-byte Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of multibyte. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: laugh one's head off Part of Speech: verb 1. To laugh uproariously. Labels: idiomatic, informal
Word: half-width Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of halfwidth. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable
Word: half-width Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of halfwidth. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: half-widths Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of half-width Labels: form-of, plural
Word: full-width Part of Speech: adj 1. Alternative spelling of fullwidth. Labels: alt-of, alternative, not-comparable Example: The First Class compartments featured full-width mirrors, pleated curtains, folding tables, abstract murals, and teak veneering.
Word: fullwidth Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From full + width, as a calque of Japanese 全角 (zenkaku). 1. Of a text character, occupying the space of two alphanumeric characters in a monospace font, or two "normal" text columns. Labels: not-comparable
Word: unusably Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English unusable Middle English -ly English -ly English unusably From unusable + -ly. 1. In an unusable manner. Example: Hydrogenation allowed manufacturers to make a butter substitute that spreads easily even at refrigerator temperature, where butter is unusably hard.
Word: owlishly Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English owlish Middle English -ly English -ly English owlishly From owlish + -ly. 1. In an owlish manner, especially with regard to looking. Example: To the muzzy drumming of beer in his veins he gazed long and owlishly at the sombre cottage[.] Example: He gazed owlishly down at his confederates and they gazed owlishly back at him.
Word: all-nighters Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of all-nighter Labels: form-of, plural
Word: Tomé Part of Speech: name 1. A commune and city in Chile. 2. A former department of Chile.
Word: cartilagelike Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English cartilage Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-West Germanic *-līk Old English -līċ Middle English -like English -like English cartilagelike From cartilage + -like. 1. Resembling cartilage. Labels: not-comparable Example: The patient's liver contained cartilagelike tissue.
Word: calcein Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Blend of calcium + fluorescein. 1. A fluorescent dye, with chemical formula C₃₀H₂₆N₂O₁₃; related to fluorescein; used in some contexts as a calcium indicator Labels: uncountable
Word: blebbing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of bleb Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: blebbed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of bleb Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: calceins Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of calcein Labels: form-of, plural
Word: A/C Part of Speech: noun Etymology: All such senses are by shortening of one type or another (for example, abbreviations, initialisms, or clippings). 1. Abbreviation of account. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, uncountable, usually 2. Initialism of account current. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism, uncountable, usually 3. Initialism of air conditioning. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism, uncountable, usually Example: Holonym: HVAC 4. Initialism of alternating current Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, initialism, uncountable, usually
Word: caprolactone Part of Speech: noun 1. A cyclic ester with the chemical formula C₆H₁₀O₂ Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: caprolactones Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of caprolactone Labels: form-of, plural
Word: carbenoxolone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃-der.? Latin carbōnemlbor. French carbonebor. English carbon Proto-Indo-European *swel-der.? Ancient Greek ῡ̔́λη (hū́lē)der. Frenchder. English -yl English carbonyl Proto-Indo-European *wed- Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ Proto-Hellenic *údōr Ancient Greek ῡ̆̔́δωρ (hū̆́dōr) Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hudro-)lbor. French hydro- Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os Proto-Hellenic *génos Ancient Greek γένος (génos) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs)lbor. French -gène French hydrogènebor. English hydrogen Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-der.? Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús) ▲ Ancient Greek γένος (génos) French oxygènebor. English oxygen ▲ English -yl blend English hydroxyl blend English carboxyl English carb(oxy) English enoxolone English carbenoxolone From carb(oxy) + enoxolone. Pronunciation: /ˌkɑɹ.bɪˈnɑk.səˌloʊn/ 1. A synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizinic acid having the chemical formula C₃₄H₅₀O₇; used as a drug for treatment of various conditions including esophageal inflammation. Labels: uncountable
Word: adrenaline rushes Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of adrenaline rush Labels: form-of, plural
Word: facty Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From fact + -y. Doublet of factic. 1. Consisting principally of facts Labels: dated, informal Example: A 'facty' article on 'The Political Condition of Spain'. Example: The attribution is probably wrong, said Thomas, but the tradition of his being a painter was interesting if we considered the specially artistic character of the 3rd gospel, as against the purely facty nature of the other two synoptics, or the mystical nature of the 4th.
Word: factiness Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English facty Proto-Germanic *-inōną Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- Proto-Germanic *-atjaną Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Germanic *-þuz Proto-Germanic *-assuz Proto-Germanic *-inassuz Proto-West Germanic *-nassī Old English -nes Middle English -nesse English -ness English factiness From facty + -ness. 1. The state of being full of, or solely concerned with, facts Labels: uncountable Example: He is a most cordial lover of purity and truth, but the angular factiness of his pursuits has kept him at too cold a distance from the spirit world.
Word: Mary Celeste Part of Speech: name Etymology: Mary + Celeste. From an American-flagged brigantine by this name that was found drifting and deserted in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872. The disappearance of the crew and passengers has never been satisfactorily explained. 1. An American sailing ship found deserted and adrift while under sail in the Atlantic in 1872.
Word: Mary Celeste Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Mary + Celeste. From an American-flagged brigantine by this name that was found drifting and deserted in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872. The disappearance of the crew and passengers has never been satisfactorily explained. 1. A ship found empty of all people, in good condition, seemingly abandoned on the high seas; a ghost ship. Labels: idiomatic
Word: Flying Dutchman Part of Speech: name Etymology: From flying + Dutchman. Pronunciation: /ˌflaɪ.ɪŋ ˈdʌtʃ.mən/ 1. A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that sails very fast but never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where its occupants may wish to contact or hear from persons long dead. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.
Word: Flying Dutchman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From flying + Dutchman. Pronunciation: /ˌflaɪ.ɪŋ ˈdʌtʃ.mən/ 1. A ghost ship.
Word: POUM Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish or Catalan POUM. 1. Workers' Party of Marxist Unification, an anti-Stalinist, revolutionary, communist party formed in Spain in 1935, which was active during the Spanish Civil War. Labels: historical Example: We had got to defend the P.O.U.M. buildings if they were attacked, but the P.O.U.M. leaders had sent instructions that we were to stand on the defensive and not open fire if we could possibly avoid it.