nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: porter Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English porter, portere, portare, borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour and Old French portier, from Late Latin portarius (“gatekeeper”), from Latin porta (“gate”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɔɹtɚ/, /ˈpɔːtə/, /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/, /ˈpoətə/ 1. To serve as a porter; to carry.
Word: reaction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English reaccion, from Old French reaction, from Latin reāctiō, from the verb reagō, from re- (“again”) + agō (“to act”); more at re-, action; equivalent to react + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɹiˈækʃən/ 1. An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event. Example: The announcement of the verdict brought a violent reaction. Example: You were in the courtroom. What is your reaction? 2. A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition. Example: In this reaction, the acid and base will neutralize each other, producing a salt. 3. Reactionary politics; a period in which reactionary thought or politics is resurgent or dominant. Example: And as Europe advanced year by year more deeply into the low featureless plains of reaction, censorship and mediocrity and the pestilential swamps of poverty, unhappiness and oppression, the image of the liberating revolution became ever more luminous. 4. Unpurposeful behavior. Labels: Austrian 5. An icon or emoji appended to a posted message by a user to express their feeling about it. Labels: Internet
Word: gairaigo Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 外来語. 1. A foreign, typically non-Sinitic loanword into Japanese.
Word: stocking Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From stock (“cover with material”) + -ing. Corruption of old plural -en, i.e. stocken, now singular. Pronunciation: /ˈstɑkɪŋ/, /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ 1. A soft garment, usually knit or woven, worn on the foot and lower leg under shoes or other footwear. Example: a pair of stockings 2. Ellipsis of Christmas stocking; a large, sock-like bag used to store small Christmas gifts, typically hung on a mantelpiece. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 3. A broad ring of a different fur colour on the lower part of the leg of a quadruped. 4. A knitted hood of cotton thread which is eventually converted by a special process into an incandescent mantle for gas lighting.
Word: stocking Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- Proto-Germanic *stikanąder. Proto-Germanic *stukkaz Proto-West Germanic *stokk Old English stocc Middle English stok English stock English -ing English stocking From stock + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈstɑkɪŋ/, /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of stock Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present Example: I've almost finished stocking these groceries.
Word: stocking Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- Proto-Germanic *stikanąder. Proto-Germanic *stukkaz Proto-West Germanic *stokk Old English stocc Middle English stok English stock English -ing English stocking From stock + -ing. Pronunciation: /ˈstɑkɪŋ/, /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ 1. A ratio of the actual density of trees in an area to the ideal density that would make the fullest use of the land.
Word: -s Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Inherited from Middle English -s, -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōs, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural endings). The spread of this ending in later Middle English was once argued to have been the result of Anglo-Norman influence; however, -as was already the most common Old English plural marker (used in approximately 40% of Old English nouns), and was initially more common in the North of England where French influence was weakest, only later gradually spreading south, replacing the usual southern plural ending -en. Cognate with Scots -s (plural ending), Saterland Frisian -s (plural ending), West Frisian -s (plural ending), Dutch -s (plural ending), Low German -s (plural ending), Danish -er (plural ending), Swedish -r, -ar, -or (plural ending), Icelandic -ar (plural ending), Gothic -𐍉𐍃 (-ōs, nominative plural ending of a-stem masculine nouns). Not directly related to German -er (plural ending) which has a different origin. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Used to form regular plurals of nouns. Labels: morpheme Example: one computer → five computers; Kennedy → Kennedys; hanger-on → hangers-on; lapful → lapfuls; cul-de-sac → cul-de-sacs; standby → standbys; push-up → push-ups; gin and tonic → gin and tonics; pair → pairs; beef → beefs 2. Used to form many pluralia tantum (nouns that are almost or entirely without singular forms). Labels: morpheme Example: shorts Example: sunglasses 3. Used to form many pluralia tantum (nouns that are almost or entirely without singular forms). Labels: morpheme 4. When appended to a number ending in at least one 0, expresses a range of numbers which share the digits before some or (usually) all of the 0s; frequently used for decades, centuries and temperatures. Labels: morpheme Example: We often look back on the 1960s [the years from 1960 to 1969] with rose-tinted glasses. Example: The Industrial Revolution went into full-swing during the 1800s [the years from 1800 to 1899 – but see usage notes].
Word: -s Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: From Middle English -(e)s (third-person singular ending), from Northumbrian Old English -es, -as (third-person singular endings). Gradually replaced the older -eth, from Old English -(e)þ, -aþ, during the Middle English and Early Modern English periods. It is predominantly believed that -(e)s is identical to the Old English second-person singular ending -es, -est (cf. archaic Modern English -est, as in thou singest). The use for the third-person singular would have been caused by speakers of Old Norse who switched to speaking English and confounded the endings due to analogy with their native tongue. In Old Norse, the second and third person singular indicative forms were identical (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.). An alternative theory sees the shift from /θ/ in -eth to /s/ (later /z/) in -(e)s as a mere phonetic simplification due to the frequency of the ending, but the objection to this is that no such development can be observed anywhere else in English. Nevertheless the relative similarity in sound between both forms may have facilitated the spread of -es. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Used to form the third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs. Labels: morpheme Example: to eat → he eats 2. Used in various other indicative present tenses Labels: dialectal, morpheme, nonstandard Example: I likes what I likes
Word: -s Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *-as Proto-West Germanic *-as Old English -es Middle English -es English -s From Middle English -es, from Old English -es, the masculine and neuter genitive singular ending of strong nouns. More at -'s. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Used in the formation of certain English adverbs. Labels: morpheme Example: forward + -s → forwards Example: downward + -s → downwards
Word: -s Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: A variant spelling of -'s, partly an archaism, partly by dropping the apostrophe. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the word bearing the marker. Labels: morpheme Example: hers; its; ones (now one’s); theirs Example: (neopronouns): eirs; hirs; pers; thons; xyrs; zirs 2. Alternative form of -'s. Labels: alt-of, alternative, morpheme, nonstandard Example: devils doorbell; dogs-bane; St. Marys; (obsolete) kings
Word: -s Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Modern sense in slang [circa 1936]. According to OED, a colloquial clipping of the hypocoristic diminutive suffix -sy. As AHD writes, -sy itself usually being informal, ironic and/or jocular, and possibly a combination of -s (“plural marker”) and conflation of -y as adjectival with its sense as a diminutive suffix (e.g., puppy, kitty), the latter notion probably from Scots. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Hypocoristic suffix Labels: colloquial, humorous, informal, morpheme, sometimes Example: Babs; moms; pops; homes; toots
Word: -s Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Derived from 's. Pronunciation: /s/, /z/, /ɪz/, /əz/ 1. Alternative spelling of 's. Labels: Internet, alt-of, alternative, clitic, informal Example: whats he talking about
Word: -in Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ineclip. English -in Clipping of -ine. 1. Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin). Labels: countable, morpheme, uncountable Example: albumin, casein, chitin, pepsin, saponin 2. Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin). Labels: countable, morpheme, uncountable Example: renin, pancreatin 3. Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin). Labels: countable, morpheme, uncountable Example: penicillin, streptomycin 4. Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin). Labels: countable, morpheme, uncountable Example: cobalamin, niacin, vitamin
Word: -in Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: From the particle in, modelled after sit-in. Compare -off. 1. Attached to a word (usually a verb) to denote a protest, demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word. Labels: morpheme Example: At Stanford 380 students volunteered to give blood for military and civilian casualties in South Viet Nam: Ohio State held a similar “bleed-in.”
Word: -in Part of Speech: suffix Etymology: Emically usually held to be a clipping of -ing. Etically a prosodically coexistent alternative form thereof in some varieties. 1. Alternative form of -ing. Labels: alt-of, alternative, dialectal, informal, morpheme
Word: -in Part of Speech: suffix 1. Alternative form of -en. Labels: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Example: elf + -in → elfin
Word: boiler Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bew-der.? Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.? Latin bulla Proto-Indo-European *-yétider. Latin -iō Latin bulliō Old French boillirbor. Middle English boillen English boil Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English boiler From boil + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈbɔɪlə/, /ˈbɔɪlɚ/ 1. A person who boils something. 2. A steam boiler. Example: If such was the case and a hole drilled through the brace in the boiler, it might become stopped up opposite the gauge cock and the steam would leak down between the boiler head and the brace on the inside, which would perhaps cause a flutter of steam and water to show at the gauge cock when open. 3. An apparatus for heating circulating water or other heat transferring liquid. 4. A device consisting of a heat source and a tank for storing hot water, typically for space heating, domestic hot water etc., disregarding the source of heat. 5. A kitchen vessel for steaming, boiling or heating food. 6. A sunken reef, especially a coral reef, on which the sea breaks heavily. 7. A tough old chicken only suitable for cooking by boiling. 8. An old woman. Labels: Australia, UK, derogatory, slang
Word: boiler Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of boilerplate. Pronunciation: /ˈbɔɪlə/, /ˈbɔɪlɚ/ 1. Boilerplate. Labels: informal, no-plural, rare Example: While it appears the FRM40_TEXT table is the answer, saving a form with boiler text does not seem to insert into this table. Example: Note that Stuart Grey makes the assertion: "I think rationally on all subjects.", and then proceeds to use the standard boiler tactics and phrases of the people WHO instigate conflict and war.
Word: fireplace Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From fire + place. Pronunciation: /ˈfaɪəpleɪs/, /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ 1. An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney. Example: Sepia Delft tiles surrounded the fireplace, their crudely drawn Biblical scenes in faded cyclamen blending with the pinkish pine, while above them, instead of a mantelshelf, there was an archway high enough to form a balcony with slender balusters and a tapestry-hung wall behind. Example: Opposite the old church is a Tudor black-and-white cottage, flanked at one end by the Brocket Arms, a splendid 400-year-old pub with stone-flagged floors, a vast inglenook fireplace and a garden full of oak tables and benches for summer evening meditation.
Word: chimney Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English chymeneye, chymneye, chymene, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta, from Latin camīnus, from Ancient Greek κάμῑνος (kámīnos, “furnace”). Doublet of chimenea. Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/, /ˈt͡ʃɪməni/ 1. A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue. Example: Our chimney was a square hole in the roof: it was but a little part of the smoke that found its way out, and the rest eddied about the house, and kept us coughing and piping the eye. Example: The external aspect of the oficina was not unlike that of a north-country coal or iron mine—tall chimneys and machinery, corrugated iron buildings, offices and houses, the shanties of workmen, a high bank of refuse. 2. The glass flue surrounding the flame of an oil lamp. Example: By next winter he was spending every evening poring over the work of Théodore Agrippa d'Aubigné on the French Reformation by the light of a little oil lamp, with a tiny cistern the size of an orange and no chimney[.] 3. The smokestack of a steam locomotive. Labels: UK 4. A narrow cleft in a rock face; a narrow vertical cave passage. 5. A vagina. Labels: euphemistic, vulgar 6. A black eye; a shiner. Labels: Northern-Ireland, slang
Word: chimney Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English chymeneye, chymneye, chymene, from Old French cheminee, from Late Latin camīnāta, from Latin camīnus, from Ancient Greek κάμῑνος (kámīnos, “furnace”). Doublet of chimenea. Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/, /ˈt͡ʃɪməni/ 1. To negotiate a chimney (narrow vertical cave passage) by pushing against the sides with back, feet, hands, etc.
Word: descendant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English dessendaunte, borrowed from Middle French, from Latin dēscendēns, present participle of descendere, from dē + scandere (“to climb, ascend”). Pronunciation: /dɪˈsɛndənt/, /dɪˈsendənt/ 1. Descending; going down. Labels: not-comparable Example: The elevator resumed its descendant trajectory. Example: Eagle descendant, or descending. See DESCENDANT, and Pl. 22, fig. 6. Eagle descendant, displayed. See Pl. 22, fig. 7. Eagle displayed, recursant. See DISPLAYED RECURSANT, and Pl. 22, […] 2. Descending from a biological ancestor. Labels: not-comparable Example: Power in the kingdom is transferred in a descendant manner. Example: Pitiable sportster, / To choose thy prey so humbly, to seduce / A beggar wench who hath not the high pride / Descendant still from kingly ancestors, / To keep her royal place. 3. Proceeding from a figurative ancestor or source. Labels: not-comparable
Word: descendant Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English dessendaunte, borrowed from Middle French, from Latin dēscendēns, present participle of descendere, from dē + scandere (“to climb, ascend”). Pronunciation: /dɪˈsɛndənt/, /dɪˈsendənt/ 1. One of the progeny of a specified person, at any distance of time or through any number of generations. Example: Meronyms: issue, line, progeny; family; clan Example: The patriarch survived many descendants: five children, a dozen grandchildren, even a great grandchild. 2. A thing that derives directly from a given precursor or source. Labels: figuratively Example: This famous medieval manuscript has many descendants. 3. A later evolutionary type. Example: Dogs evolved as descendants of early wolves. 4. A language that is descended from another. Example: English and Scots are the descendants of Old English. 5. A word or form in one language that is descended from a counterpart in an ancestor language. Example: The direct descendant of this form is the Slavic aorist: Sb.-Cr. nȍsī, dȍnosī. 6. The intersection of the western (setting) horizon and the ecliptic, its ecliptical longitude; the astrological sign it corresponds to.
Word: smokestack Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From smoke + stack. Pronunciation: /ˈsmoʊkˌstæk/ 1. A conduit or group of conduits atop a structure allowing smoke to flow out, as on a steam locomotive, ship, factory, or power plant using fossil fuels. Example: With its long tapered cowcatcher, massive headlamp and enormous diamond smokestack behind, wagon-top boiler, high running-plate above the driving-wheels reached from a front door in the square side-window cab, cylinders with slide valves mounted on top, and double bogie tender, General in its present form is typical of much earlier American locomotive practice. Example: One of those areas can be found at the city’s northern edge, where the towering smokestacks of Wuhan Iron and Steel loom behind bent-backed farmers tending vegetable patches. Today Qingshan district is a patchwork of tiny fields, polluted streams and roadside markets selling building materials. But the city government is in the process of transforming this no-man’s-land into a sparkling new suburb. Between the steelworks and the mighty Yangtze River, demolished buildings and hoardings advertise a new logistics centre. Down the road, a giant railway station (Wuhan’s third) and a 6-kilometre bridge (the city’s fifth to cross the Yangtze) were completed in 2010.
Word: chimenea Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Spanish chimenea, from French cheminée. Doublet of chimney. Pronunciation: /tʃɪməˈneɪ.ə/ 1. A Mexican outdoor oven with bulbous body and usually a vertical smoke vent or chimney. Example: Time was when every smart urban patio was equipped with one of those gas-burning heaters of the type found outside London cafés. In this age of sensitivity to global warming we've come to be wary of them […], but somehow those strange little chimineas seem to have warmed the hearts of the nation. I've always found them a bit odd looking – like something from The Hobbit – and you do need to position them where they can do their job without endangering life, limb and property.
Word: hearth Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English herth, herthe, from Old English heorþ, from Proto-West Germanic *herþ, from Proto-Germanic *herþaz, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“heat; fire”). Cognate with West Frisian hurd, Dutch haard, German Herd, Swedish härd. The modern spelling is from an Middle English/Early Modern English /hɛːrθ/, from earlier /heːrθ/, levelled from inflected forms with /rð/ where the vowel would have been lengthened. The reflex of this pronunciation was preserved in obsolete dialectal /ˈhɜɹθ/. Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːθ/, [ˈhɑːθ], /ˈhɑɹθ/, [ˈhɑɹθ], /ˈhɜɹθ/ 1. The place in a home where a fire is or was traditionally kept for home heating and for cooking, usually constituted by at least a hearthstone and often enclosed to varying degrees by any combination of reredos, fireplace, oven, smoke hood, or chimney. Example: For by the hearth the children sit ⁠Cold in that atmosphere of Death, ⁠And scarce endure to draw the breath, Or like to noiseless phantoms flit: […] 2. A hearthstone, either as standalone or as the floor of an enclosed fireplace or oven. Example: cooking on an open hearth Example: When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped ; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs kneeling on the hearth and heaping kindling on the coals, and her pretty little Alsatian maid beside her, laying a log across the andirons. 3. A fireplace: an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire may be built. 4. The lowest part of a metallurgical furnace. 5. A brazier, chafing dish, or firebox. 6. Home or family life. Labels: figuratively Example: To put it simply, he seems to me to be starting out to harm the city, from its very hearth, by setting out to wrong you. 7. A household or group in some forms of the modern pagan faith Heathenry. Labels: Germanic Example: Asatru is practised all over Northern Europe and also in North America. Like Druidry, it is organized into bodies with sub-groups, the hearths. Example: Smaller localized groups known as 'hearths' meet regularly, and are comparable, in size and function, with a Wiccan 'Coven' or Druidic 'Grove'.
Word: foyer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French foyer (“hearth, lobby”), in turn from Vulgar Latin *focārium, from Late Latin focārius, from Latin focus (“hearth”). Cognate with Spanish hogar (“home”). Pronunciation: /ˈfɔɪ.eɪ/, /ˈfɔɪ.ɝ/, /fɔɪˈeɪ/, /ˈfoɪ.ə/ 1. A lobby, corridor, anteroom, or waiting room. Example: We had a drink in the foyer waiting for the play to start. Example: Now it's big black cars and Riviera views / And your lover in the foyer doesn't even know you / And your secrets end up splashed on the news front page 2. A lobby, corridor, anteroom, or waiting room. Example: Near-synonym: vestibule 3. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal. 4. A hostel offering accommodation and work opportunities to homeless young people. Labels: UK
Word: geta Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Japanese 下駄 (geta). 1. A Japanese raised wooden clog, worn with traditional Japanese garments such as the kimono. Example: Because of August he wears shorts and sandals, the Japanese geta sort called thongs. Example: The Japanese geta or wooden sandal is a superb, though little-utilized, tool for training in the martial arts.[…]The geta are flat, wooden sandals raised on vertical slats. 2. A technique for capturing stones by enclosing them in a “net” preventing them from escaping in any direction.
Word: life-time Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of lifetime. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: dimple Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- Proto-Germanic *dumpaz Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz Proto-West Germanic *dumpil Old English *dympel Middle English dimpel English dimple From Middle English dimpel, dimpil, dympull, from Old English *dympel (“pit, depression”), from Proto-West Germanic *dumpil, from Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz (“sink-hole, dimple”), from Proto-Germanic *dumpaz (“hole, hollow, pit”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“deep, hollow”), equivalent to dialectal dump (“deep hole, pool”) + -le (diminutive suffix). Cognate with German Low German Dümpel, German Tümpel (“pond, pool”). Related also to Old English dyppan (“to dip”). Pronunciation: /ˈdɪm.pəl/ 1. A small depression or indentation in a surface. Example: The accident created a dimple in the hood of the car. Example: The garden pool's dark surface […] breaks into dimples small and bright. 2. A small depression or indentation in a surface. Example: You have very cute dimples. 3. A small depression or indentation in a surface.
Word: dimple Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- Proto-Germanic *dumpaz Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz Proto-West Germanic *dumpil Old English *dympel Middle English dimpel English dimple From Middle English dimpel, dimpil, dympull, from Old English *dympel (“pit, depression”), from Proto-West Germanic *dumpil, from Proto-Germanic *dumpilaz (“sink-hole, dimple”), from Proto-Germanic *dumpaz (“hole, hollow, pit”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“deep, hollow”), equivalent to dialectal dump (“deep hole, pool”) + -le (diminutive suffix). Cognate with German Low German Dümpel, German Tümpel (“pond, pool”). Related also to Old English dyppan (“to dip”). Pronunciation: /ˈdɪm.pəl/ 1. To form a small indentation in (something). Labels: transitive Example: The hailstorm dimpled the roof of our car. 2. To form a small indentation in (something). Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: The young girl dimpled in glee as she was handed a cupcake. 3. To form a small indentation in (something). Labels: transitive Example: And smiling eddies dimpled o'er the main.
Word: cleft Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave. Pronunciation: /ˈklɛft/, [ˈkʰl̥ɛft] 1. An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting. Example: The river flows through a cleft in the mountains. Example: Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him / Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim / Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils. 2. A piece made by splitting. Example: a cleft of wood 3. A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern.
Word: cleft Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave. Pronunciation: /ˈklɛft/, [ˈkʰl̥ɛft] 1. To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in "The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall." Example: This may be so because in most languages the most natural clefting involves NP's, and it is in fact hard in most languages to cleft the verb, although some — notably Kwa languages in West-Africa — allow such clefting. Example: When the affected object is clefted, the clefted constituent may be assigned a contrastive reading on the event denoted by the clause, as is shown in (62).
Word: cleft Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈklɛft/, [ˈkʰl̥ɛft] 1. simple past and past participle of cleave Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: cleft Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈklɛft/, [ˈkʰl̥ɛft] 1. split, divided, or partially divided into two. Labels: not-comparable
Word: cleaver Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English clevere, equivalent to cleave + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈklivɚ/ 1. A squarish, heavy knife used by butchers for hacking through bones, etc. Example: When he came to Nottingham, he entered that part of the market where butchers stood, and took up his inn in the best place he could find. Next, he opened his stall and spread his meat upon the bench, then, taking his cleaver and steel and clattering them together, he trolled aloud in merry tones:... Example: Concurrently with Flay's visualization of the cleaver falling—the cleaver fell. 2. A Paleolithic biface. 3. A type of clave, or rhythm stick, a concussive musical instrument used in traditional Bahamian music. Labels: Bahamas 4. The act of eliminating someone or something, especially when done by someone with a history of other eliminations; a dismissal, rejection, or removal. Labels: figuratively Example: Conte has broken the mould further with the suggestion he might escape the Abramovich cleaver, becoming the first of his line to leave by his own volition. 5. A type of oar blade with an asymmetric, mostly rectangular shape that resembles a cleaving knife. 6. A line segment that bisects the perimeter of a triangle and has one endpoint at the midpoint of one of the triangle's three sides.
Word: aquatic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂ Proto-Italic *akʷā Latin aqua Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icus Latin -āticus Latin aquāticusder. Middle French aquatiquebor. English aquatic Borrowed from Middle French aquatique (“living in water”), from Latin aquaticus (“relating to water”), from aqua (“water”). Pronunciation: /əˈkwɑ.tɪk/, /əˈkwæ.tɪk/, /əˈkwɒ.tɪk/, /ɘˈkwɔ.tɘk/ 1. Relating to water; living in or near water, taking place in water.
Word: aquatic Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂ Proto-Italic *akʷā Latin aqua Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icus Latin -āticus Latin aquāticusder. Middle French aquatiquebor. English aquatic Borrowed from Middle French aquatique (“living in water”), from Latin aquaticus (“relating to water”), from aqua (“water”). Pronunciation: /əˈkwɑ.tɪk/, /əˈkwæ.tɪk/, /əˈkwɒ.tɪk/, /ɘˈkwɔ.tɘk/ 1. Any aquatic plant. Example: In such a cistern the present and other hardy aquatics may be grown with success.
Word: prison Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English prisoun, prison, from Old English prisūn, a borrowing from Old French prison, from Latin prehensiōnem, accusative singular of prehensiō, from the verb prehendō. Doublet of prehension. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɪzn̩/, [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩] 1. A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The cold stone walls of the prison had stood for over a century. 2. Confinement in prison. Labels: uncountable Example: Prison was a harrowing experience for him. 3. Any restrictive environment, such as a harsh academy or home. Labels: colloquial, countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: The academy was a prison for many of its students because of its strict teachers.
Word: prison Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English prisoun, prison, from Old English prisūn, a borrowing from Old French prison, from Latin prehensiōnem, accusative singular of prehensiō, from the verb prehendō. Doublet of prehension. Pronunciation: /ˈpɹɪzn̩/, [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩] 1. To imprison. Labels: transitive
Word: strand Part of Speech: noun Etymology: * From Middle English strand, strond, from Old English strand (“strand, sea-shore, shore”), from Proto-West Germanic *strand, from Proto-Germanic *strandō (“edge, rim, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)trAnt- (“strand, border, field”), from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to broaden, spread out”). Cognate with West Frisian strân, German Strand (“beach”), Danish, Dutch, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish strand (“beach”), Faroese strond (“beach”), Icelandic strönd (“beach”). * (street): Perhaps from the similarity of shape. Pronunciation: /ˈstɹænd/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷænd] ~ [ˈst̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷænd], /ˈstɹand/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷand], /ˈstɾänd/ 1. The shore or beach of the sea or ocean. Example: Grand Strand Example: A woman that wandring in our coaſtes hath bought / A plot for price: where ſhe a citie ſet: / To whom we gaue the ſtrond for to manure. 2. The shore or beach of a lake or river. Labels: archaic, dialectal, poetic 3. A small brook or rivulet. 4. A passage for water; gutter. Labels: Northern-England, Scotland, UK, dialectal 5. A street.
Word: strand Part of Speech: verb Etymology: * From Middle English strand, strond, from Old English strand (“strand, sea-shore, shore”), from Proto-West Germanic *strand, from Proto-Germanic *strandō (“edge, rim, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)trAnt- (“strand, border, field”), from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to broaden, spread out”). Cognate with West Frisian strân, German Strand (“beach”), Danish, Dutch, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish strand (“beach”), Faroese strond (“beach”), Icelandic strönd (“beach”). * (street): Perhaps from the similarity of shape. Pronunciation: /ˈstɹænd/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷænd] ~ [ˈst̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷænd], /ˈstɹand/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷand], /ˈstɾänd/ 1. To run aground; to beach. Labels: transitive 2. To leave (someone) in a difficult situation; to abandon or desert. Labels: figuratively, transitive 3. To leave (someone) in a difficult situation; to abandon or desert. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: Jones pops up; that's going to strand a pair. 4. To leave an element (e.g., an adposition) without its complement adjacent to it. Labels: transitive Example: We first note that wh-movement can freely strand prepositions in Icelandic, as in the other Scandinavian languages. Example: In her dissertation, Goldberg (2005) offers a review of diagnostics used to identify verb-stranding VPE to that point, including tests which link the characteristics of English-style VPE (which strands an auxiliary verb) to verb-stranding VPE in languages like Hebrew and Irish.
Word: strand Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Origin uncertain. Cognate with Scots stran, strawn, strand (“strand”). Perhaps the same as strand ("rivulet, stream, gutter"; see Etymology 1 above); or from Middle English *stran, from Old French estran (“a rope, cord”), from Middle High German stren, strene (“skein, strand”), from Old High German streno, from Proto-West Germanic *strenō, from Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”), from Proto-Indo-European *strēy-, *ster- (“strip, line, streak, ray, stripe, row”); related to Dutch streng (“skein, hank of thread, strand, string”), German Strähne (“skein, hank of thread, strand of hair”). Compare also Old High German stranga (“strand of hair”), modern German Strang (“strand, thread, cord”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɹænd/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷænd] ~ [ˈst̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷænd], /ˈstɹand/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷand], /ˈstɾänd/ 1. Each of the strings which, twisted together, make up a yarn, rope or cord. 2. A string. 3. An individual length of any fine, string-like substance. Example: strand of spaghetti Example: strand of hair 4. A group of wires, usually twisted or braided. 5. A series of programmes on a particular theme or linked subject. Example: By 1985, the children's strand had been renamed Children's BBC (CBBC by the mid-1990s), which continued to show animation among other programming in a dedicated time slot. 6. An element in a composite whole; a sequence of linked events or facts; a logical thread. Labels: figuratively Example: strand of truth Example: The explanation draws equally from other contemporary strands of political and social theory. 7. A nucleotide chain. 8. A specialization of a senior high school track. Labels: Philippines, formal 9. Synonym of track. Labels: Philippines, informal
Word: strand Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Origin uncertain. Cognate with Scots stran, strawn, strand (“strand”). Perhaps the same as strand ("rivulet, stream, gutter"; see Etymology 1 above); or from Middle English *stran, from Old French estran (“a rope, cord”), from Middle High German stren, strene (“skein, strand”), from Old High German streno, from Proto-West Germanic *strenō, from Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”), from Proto-Indo-European *strēy-, *ster- (“strip, line, streak, ray, stripe, row”); related to Dutch streng (“skein, hank of thread, strand, string”), German Strähne (“skein, hank of thread, strand of hair”). Compare also Old High German stranga (“strand of hair”), modern German Strang (“strand, thread, cord”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɹænd/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷænd] ~ [ˈst̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷænd], /ˈstɹand/, [ˈstɹ̝̊ʷand], /ˈstɾänd/ 1. To break a strand of (a rope). Labels: transitive 2. To form by uniting strands. Labels: transitive
Word: record Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English recorde, borrowed from Old French record, from recorder. See record. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/, /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/, /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ 1. An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium. Example: The person had a record of the interview so she could review her notes. Example: The tourist's photographs and the tape of the police call provide a record of the crime. 2. Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference. Example: We have no record of you making this payment to us. Example: My remarks were struck from the record. 3. Ellipsis of phonograph record (“a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph”). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: I still like records better than CDs. Example: He's the record doctor / Tell him your woes / He'll reach in his bag / And he'll give you a dose 4. Ellipsis of phonograph record (“a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph”). Labels: broadly, informal 5. A set of data relating to a single individual or item. Example: Pull up the record on John Smith. What's his medical history? 6. A data structure similar to a struct, in some programming languages such as C and Java based on classes and designed for storing immutable data. Example: This chapter examines another data structure, the record (available in Pascal but not in all other high-level languages). Records make it easier to organize and represent information in Pascal, a major reason for the popularity of the Pascal[…] Example: The new record type provides another solution. A record is a class-like construct for data classes, a restricted form of class like enums and annotations. 7. The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events. Example: The heat and humidity were both new records. Example: Australia set a record of 10 back-to-back T20I wins.
Word: record Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English recorde, borrowed from Old French record, from recorder. See record. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/, /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/, /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ 1. Enough to break previous records and set a new one; world-class; historic. Labels: attributive, not-comparable Example: "But it's far worse for me," said Edmund, "because you'll at least have a room of your own and I shall have to share a bedroom with that record stinker, Eustace."
Word: record Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English recorden (“to repeat, to report”), borrowed from Old French recorder (“to get by heart”), from Latin recordārī (“remember, call to mind”), from re- (“back, again”) + cor (“heart; mind”). Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈkɔːd/, /ɹə-/, /ɹɪˈkɔɹd/ 1. To make a record of information. Labels: transitive Example: I wanted to record every detail of what happened, for the benefit of future generations. Example: The display and result must be placed in the context that was it was against a side that looked every bit their Fifa world ranking of 141 - but England completed the job with efficiency to record their biggest away win in 19 years. 2. To make an audio or video recording of. Labels: transitive Example: Within a week they had recorded both the song and the video for it. Example: However, the ability to record people without their knowledge, with the stroke of a finger over the spectacle frame or a voice command, has prompted privacy concerns. 3. To give legal status to by making an official public record. Labels: transitive Example: When the deed was recorded, we officially owned the house. 4. To fix in a medium, usually in a tangible medium. Labels: intransitive 5. To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording. Labels: intransitive 6. To repeat; to practice. Labels: intransitive, obsolete, transitive 7. To sing or repeat a tune. Labels: ambitransitive, obsolete Example: 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 741-742, Come Berecynthia, let vs in likewise, And heare the Nightingale record hir notes. Example: They long’d to see the day, to heare the larke Record her hymnes and chant her carols blest, 8. To reflect; to ponder. Labels: obsolete Example: […] he was […] carried to the Scaffold on the Tower-hill […], himself praying all the way, and recording upon the words which he before had read.
Word: strife Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English strif, stryf, striffe, from Old French estrif, noun derived from estriver, from Frankish *strīban; compare Dutch strijven. More at strive. Pronunciation: /stɹaɪf/ 1. Striving; earnest endeavor; hard work. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Exertion or contention for superiority, either by physical or intellectual means. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents' strife. Example: Hee is proud, knowing nothing, but doting about questions, and ſtrifes of wordes,[…] 3. Bitter conflict, sometimes violent. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A few observations about the interpretation of vows or pledges may not be out of place here. Interpretation of pledges has been a fruitful source of strife all the world over. No matter how explicit the pledge, people will turn and twist the text to suit their own purposes. 4. A trouble of any kind. Labels: colloquial, countable, uncountable 5. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: He ſpide lamenting her unlucky ſtrife, Example: The street cleaning machine, an English invention, which we described in No. 48, vol 2, Scientific American, was recently tested in a strife with hand labor, in Manchester, and it did better work and as much, with only the attendance of two men, than thirty men sweeping and using hoes and shovels.
Word: col legno Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Borrowed from Italian col legno (literally “with the wood”). Pronunciation: /ˌkɒl ˈlɛnjəʊ/, /ˌkoʊl ˈleɪnjoʊ/ 1. A musical notation indicating that the strings of an instrument are to be struck with the wooden part of the bow. Labels: not-comparable Example: Webern took particular care with the col legno passages. In the quiet ostinatos of the first and third pieces (which can be seen as parallel in many ways), he added weich gezogen (gently drawn) to the col legno indications.
Word: martellato Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Italian martellato (“hammered”), from martellare (“to hammer, throb”), from martello (“hammer”), related to Latin martulus, marculus (“small hammer”), diminutive of marcus (“hammer”). Pronunciation: /ˌmɑː(ɹ)təˈlɑːtəʊ/ 1. Strongly accented, or hammered out; used of notes played on bowed string instruments, handbells, or the piano. Labels: not-comparable
Word: martellato Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Italian martellato (“hammered”), from martellare (“to hammer, throb”), from martello (“hammer”), related to Latin martulus, marculus (“small hammer”), diminutive of marcus (“hammer”). Pronunciation: /ˌmɑː(ɹ)təˈlɑːtəʊ/ 1. A passage played with a strong accent, or hammered out.
Word: gratuity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French gratuité (from Old French gratuite) or directly from Medieval Latin gratuitas (“a free gift”), from Latin gratuitus (“freely given, free”); see gratuitous. Pronunciation: /ɡɹəˈtjuːətɪ/, /ɡɹəˈtuːətɪ/ 1. An additional payment given freely as thanks for service. Example: service gratuity Example: cash gratuity 2. Euphemistic form of fee, in contexts where such additional payments have been made obligatory. Labels: euphemistic, form-of Example: Restaurants in places such as Kansas City, Atlanta and Philadelphia have begun adding automatic 20% gratuities to checks, during the tournament, according to industry groups and restaurant operators. 3. Euphemistic form of bribe. Labels: euphemistic, form-of
Word: adagietto Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagietto, a diminutive of adagio. Pronunciation: /əˌdæ(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/, /əˌdɑː(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/ 1. A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played slightly faster than adagio. 2. A passage having this mark. 3. A short adagio movement
Word: adagietto Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagietto, a diminutive of adagio. Pronunciation: /əˌdæ(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/, /əˌdɑː(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/ 1. More lighthearted than adagio. Labels: not-comparable
Word: adagietto Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Italian adagietto, a diminutive of adagio. Pronunciation: /əˌdæ(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/, /əˌdɑː(d)ʒiːˈɛtəʊ/ 1. Describing a passage having this mark. Labels: not-comparable
Word: precipitato Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Borrowed from Italian precipitato, masculine past participle of precipitare (“to precipitate”). Doublet of precipitate. 1. precipitately Labels: not-comparable
Word: burel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English burel, burrel, borel, from Old French burel, diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”). Doublet of bureau, which was taken from later (early modern) French. 1. A coarse woolen cloth. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Burels at this time seem to have been made in lengths of 20 ells and sold at 8d. the ell, while the better quality cloths - browns, plunkets, blues, and greens - were nearly twice the length, and cost about 22d. the ell.
Word: chanlon Part of Speech: noun 1. A type of cloth of the 13th century. Labels: historical Example: Winchester itself was an early centre of the manufacture of chanlons, which were rugs used for coverlets or counterpanes, and in the consuetudinary of the city, which dates back at least to the early years of the thirteenth century, the looms are divided into two classes, the 'great looms' used for burel weaving paying 5s. per year, and the 'little looms' for chanlons paying 6d. or 12d., according to their size.
Word: consuetudinary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Medieval Latin cōnsuetudinārius, from cōnsuētūdō (oblique stem cōnsuētūdin-) + -ārius, from cōnsuēscō + -tūdō, from con- + suēscō. By surface analysis, consuetude + -ary. 1. A ritual book containing the forms and ceremonies used in the services of a particular monastery, cathedral or religious order. Example: Winchester itself was an early centre of the manufacture of chanlons, which were rugs used for coverlets or counterpanes, and in the consuetudinary of the city, which dates back at least to the early years of the thirteenth century, the looms are divided into two classes, the 'great looms' used for burel weaving paying 5s. per year, and the 'little looms' for chanlons paying 6d. or 12d., according to their size. 2. An unwritten law established by usage, derived by immemorial custom from antiquity.
Word: consuetudinary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Medieval Latin cōnsuetudinārius, from cōnsuētūdō (oblique stem cōnsuētūdin-) + -ārius, from cōnsuēscō + -tūdō, from con- + suēscō. By surface analysis, consuetude + -ary. 1. Customary; considered law by virtue of the fact that it is generally observed. Labels: not-comparable
Word: cogware Part of Speech: noun 1. A coarse cloth of the 14th century. Labels: historical, uncountable, usually Example: The better quality was used for ordinary cloths, and the worst was made up into coarse cloth known as cogware and Kendal cloth, three quarters of a yard broad, and worth from 40d. to 5s. the piece. The term cogware seems to have sprung from its being sold to cogmen, the crews of the ships called cogs; but whether for their own use, or for export is not quite clear. 2. A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the 16th century. Labels: historical, uncountable, usually
Word: mordant Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French mordant, from Latin mordeō. Doublet of mordent. Pronunciation: /ˈmɔːdn̩t/, /ˈmoɹd(ə)nt/ 1. Having or showing a sharp or critical quality. 2. Serving to fix a dye to a fiber.