nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: mutter Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English muteren, moteren, of imitative origin. Compare Low German mustern, musseln (“to whisper”), German muttern (“to mutter; whisper”), Old Norse muðla (“to murmur”). Compare also Latin muttīre, mutīre. Pronunciation: /ˈmʌtə/, /ˈmʌtɚ/, [ˈmʌɾɚ], /ˈmɐtə/ 1. To utter words, especially complaints or angry expressions, indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; to say under one's breath. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: You could hear the students mutter as they were served sodden spaghetti, yet again, in the cafeteria. Example: The beggar muttered words of thanks, as passersby dropped coins in his cup. 2. To speak softly and incoherently, or with imperfect articulations. Example: The asylum inmate muttered some doggerel about chains and pains to himself, over and over. Example: Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare, / And mutter to himself. 3. To make a sound with a low, rumbling noise. Example: April could hear the delivery van's engine muttering in the driveway. Example: Thick lightnings flash, the muttering thunder rolls.
Word: mutter Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-New Indo-Aryan *𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭 (*maṭṭara) Hindi मटर (maṭar)bor. English mutter Borrowed from Hindi मटर (maṭar). Pronunciation: /ˈmʌtə/, /ˈmʌtɚ/, [ˈmʌɾɚ], /ˈmɐtə/ 1. Peas.
Word: myrmidon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Myrmidon, from Latin Myrmidones, from Ancient Greek Μυρμιδόνες (Murmidónes). Pronunciation: /ˈmɜː.mɪˌdɒn/, /ˈmɜː.mɪ.dən/, /ˈmɝ.mɪˌdɑn/, /ˈmɝ.mɪ.dən/ 1. A soldier or a subordinate civil officer who executes orders of a superior without protest or pity (sometimes applied to bailiffs, constables, etc). Example: Antonia bustled round the ransack'd room, / And, turning up her nose, with looks abused / Her master, and his myrmidons, of whom / Not one, except the attorney, was amused; […] Example: Tobias (to Jonas Fogg, manager of a madhouse): "I will die ere I submit to you or your vile myrmidons."
Word: myth Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek μῦθος (mûthos, “word, humour, companion, speech, account, rumour, fable”). Attested in English since 1830. Doublet of mythos. Pronunciation: /mɪθ/, /mɪt̪(ʰ)/, /majt̪(ʰ)/ 1. A traditional story which embodies a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; a sacred narrative regarding a god, a hero, the origin of the world or of a people, etc. Example: Jacobsen's theory about the empty storehouse is still valid, for a myth never has one meaning only; a myth is a polyphonic fugue of many voices. 2. Such stories as a genre. Labels: uncountable Example: Myth was the product of man's emotion and imagination, acted upon by his surroundings. (E. Clodd, Myths & Dreams (1885), 7, cited after OED) 3. A commonly-held but false belief, a common misconception; a fictitious or imaginary person or thing; a popular conception about a real person or event which exaggerates or idealizes reality. Example: Okay, okay, okay… First, of course, babies feel pain. How the fuck did we ever think otherwise⁉ But more importantly, the fact that painkillers are addictive was not a myth. It’s like a book of Greek mythology featuring the stories of Zeus, Sisyphus, Oedipus and Yanni. Come on! That last one is very real and it cannot be dismissed. Example: Scientists debunk the myth that gum stays in the human stomach for seven years. 4. A person or thing held in excessive or quasi-religious awe or admiration based on popular legend Example: Father Flanagan was legendary, his institution an American myth. (Tucson (Arizona) Citizen, 20 September 1979, 5A/3, cited after OED) 5. A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable. Example: As for Mrs. Primmins's bones, they had been myths these twenty years. Example: Living beyond the Omega-4 mass relay in the Terminus Systems, the mysterious Collector species is glimpsed so rarely as to be taken for a myth by most in galactic society. In reality, Collectors are human-sized insectoid bipeds and can resemble massive winged beetles. They are a terrifying force in the galaxy, responsible for the murder of hundreds of thousands. 6. An invented story, theory, or concept. Example: His story is a pure myth.
Word: nacre Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French nacre, from Medieval Latin nacchara, ultimately derived from Arabic نَقَّارَة (naqqāra). Doublet of nagara, nagada, naqareh, and naker. Also present in nacarat. Pronunciation: /ˈneɪkə/, /ˈneɪkəɹ/ 1. A shellfish which contains mother-of-pearl. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: The shell-fish called a Nacre, liveth even so with the Pinnotere, which is a little creature like unto a Crabfish[…]. 2. A pearly substance made mainly of stacked layers of aragonite and organic matter which lines the interior of many shells; mother-of-pearl. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: On a little table of dark perfumed wood thickly encrusted with nacre, […]was lying a note from Lord Henry, and beside it was a book bound in yellow paper, the cover slightly torn and the edges soiled.
Word: nag Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nagg, nage, nagge (“horse, small riding horse, pony”), cognate with Dutch negge, neg (“horse”), German Nickel (“small horse”). Perhaps related to English neigh. Pronunciation: /ˈnæɡ/, [ˈnæɡ], /ˈneɪ̯ɡ/, [ˈneɪ̯ɡ] 1. A small horse; a pony. 2. An old, useless horse. Example: We used to lure the nags into the back of our truck with oats and sugar, then we'd drive back to town to this warehouse and inject the nags with small quantities of morphine I'd stolen. 3. A paramour. Labels: derogatory, obsolete Example: Yon ribaudred nag of Egypt – Whom leprosy o'ertake!
Word: nag Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Probably from a North Germanic source; compare Swedish nagga (“to gnaw, grumble”), Danish nage (“to nag, bother”), Icelandic nagga (“to complain”). Compare typologically fret, Bulgarian глождя (gloždja), Russian глода́ть (glodátʹ), грызть (gryztʹ), по́едом есть (pójedom jestʹ), е́дкий (jédkij). Pronunciation: /ˈnæɡ/, [ˈnæɡ], /ˈneɪ̯ɡ/, [ˈneɪ̯ɡ] 1. To repeatedly remind or complain to (someone) in an annoying way, often about insignificant or unnecessary matters. Labels: ambitransitive Example: The room is never cleaned, so her mother nags and nags until she explodes with frustration and threatens to sell her to the lowest bidder. Example: Anyone would think that I nagged at you, Amanda! (From Amanda! by Robin Klein) 2. To bother with persistent thoughts or memories. Example: The notion that he forgot something nagged him the rest of the day. Example: I guess it happens all the time in crime stories where the detective suddenly remembers a bit of conversation that nags him in some way, then for some inexplicable reason, it's just right there in front of you, like a sign pointing 'here! 3. To bother or disturb persistently in any way. Example: But at night, around the uncertain edge of dreams, and when the wind nags, there are few whom an odd sound will not thrill Example: When a breeze comes up and nags the surface, it sparkles like a gemstone.
Word: nag Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Probably from a North Germanic source; compare Swedish nagga (“to gnaw, grumble”), Danish nage (“to nag, bother”), Icelandic nagga (“to complain”). Compare typologically fret, Bulgarian глождя (gloždja), Russian глода́ть (glodátʹ), грызть (gryztʹ), по́едом есть (pójedom jestʹ), е́дкий (jédkij). Pronunciation: /ˈnæɡ/, [ˈnæɡ], /ˈneɪ̯ɡ/, [ˈneɪ̯ɡ] 1. Someone or something that nags. Example: 'That fellow is a nag.' 'Aye, the worst kind,' agreed Hamish, and then smiled, and at that smile, Miss Gunnery thawed even more. Example: When we see Wolfe struggling with many depictions of woman characters throughout the novel (the earlier ones being nags and white trash), we greatly admire the development of this living tribute to Aline Bernstein, a woman whom he ends up despising in his later life. 2. A repeated complaint or reminder. Example: And finally the biggest thank you of all to my partner Steven Winston for your love, enthusiasm, encouragement, support, humour, nags, and glasses of wine. Example: I turned it on Eileen and threw in a couple of my normal nags about her driving. 3. A persistent, bothersome thought or worry. Example: All that while there was a little nag going on at the back of his mind, which he strove to disregard. But it insisted on attention, and to get rid of it he put down his palette abruptly and got out his mustard-tin cash-box and counted his money. Example: During my lengthy aerobic strolls (which more or less served as a tool of meditation), that thought about “college” became a persistent nag.
Word: nag Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈnæɡ/, [ˈnæɡ], /ˈneɪ̯ɡ/, [ˈneɪ̯ɡ] 1. Misspelling of knack. Labels: alt-of, misspelling
Word: nailer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nayler; equivalent to nail + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈneɪlɚ/ 1. One whose occupation is to make nails; a nail maker. 2. One who fastens with, or drives, nails. 3. A nailgun. 4. A piece of dimensional lumber and/or plywood secured to the deck or wall which provides a receiving medium for the fasteners. (Sometimes referred to as blocking.)
Word: namer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ Proto-Germanic *namô Proto-West Germanic *namō Old English nama Middle English name English name Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English namer From name + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈneɪm.ə/, /ˈneɪm.ɚ/ 1. One who names, or calls by name. Example: "Tony, I'm the executive director of S.H.I.E.L.D., the Strategic Homeland Intelligence, Enforcement, and Logistics Division," explained Fury. Tony nodded. […] "Want a tip? Fire your namer of things, because that's a mouthful." Example: It was that veteran namer of geological periods Charles Lyell who coined the term Pleistocene.
Word: nanny Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From nan (“grandmother; nursemaid”) + -y. The root is from nana (“grandma; nanny”), which is from nanna (“grandmother”), which is possibly derived from Proto-Celtic *nana (“grandmother”). See also Proto-Brythonic *nanī, Welsh nain (“grandmother”), Galician nana (“mama”), Spanish nana (“granny; nanny; mommy; housekeeper”), Sicilian nanna (“grandma”), Italian nonna (“granny”), Late Latin nonna (“nun; tutoress; old woman”), Norman nonne (“nun”), Old French nonain (“nun”). All probably ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root imitative of a child babbling, similar to Ancient Greek νάννα (nánna). (1795) It has often been assumed that the English term was originally a widespread child's word for "female adult other than mother" (compare Greek νάννα (nánna, “aunt”), nanna). On the other hand, according to recent research of the Dutch historical linguists Hans Beelen and Nicoline van der Sijs (published in Onze Taal, September 2018), on which see also etymologiebank.nl, in Dutch), the term nanny (and the British colloquial nan for "grandmother") may actually be eponymous, viz. being originally an affective form (i.e. a hypocoristic) of the popular female name Anne. The Dutch statesman and scientist Constantijn Huygens Jr. made the following observation during one of his many sojourns in England (noted in his Journaal, dated 13 December 1692): "Yesterday I received 10lb of chocolate again, from niece Becker, and she had Nanny, her maid, bringing me the money that she had owed me" (Gisteren kreegh 10 ℔ choccolate wederom van nicht Becker, en had Nanny, haer meidt, geweest om mij 't geldt, dat van haer hebben most, te brengen). Beelen and van der Sijs therefore assumed that "since many female domestic servants were named "Nan" or "Nanny", the name became a sobriquet for the profession of "maid, childminder" in the 18ᵗʰ century". ("Omdat veel vrouwelijke huisbedienden in het Engels de voornaam Nan of Nanny hadden, verschoof de betekenis in de achttiende eeuw naar die van een beroepsaanduiding: ‘meid, kindermeisje’") Pronunciation: /ˈnæni/ 1. A child's nurse. Example: Nanny Broome was looking up at the outer wall. Just under the ceiling there were three lunette windows, heavily barred and blacked out in the normal way by centuries of grime. Their bases were on a level with the pavement outside, a narrow way which was several feet lower than the road behind the house. 2. A grandmother. Labels: colloquial 3. A godmother. Labels: US, colloquial 4. A female goat. Example: Breeding is a consuming goal, and the ascendance of the sex drive is nearly as apparent in the behavior of a mountain goat billy. So given over is he to following and defending a succession of nannies as he searches for one in heat (estrus), he loses interest in food altogether; […] Example: Nannies and billies look very similar, both having dangerously sharp, curved black horns. 5. Synonym of sylvester (“device for pulling out pit props”).
Word: nanny Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From nan (“grandmother; nursemaid”) + -y. The root is from nana (“grandma; nanny”), which is from nanna (“grandmother”), which is possibly derived from Proto-Celtic *nana (“grandmother”). See also Proto-Brythonic *nanī, Welsh nain (“grandmother”), Galician nana (“mama”), Spanish nana (“granny; nanny; mommy; housekeeper”), Sicilian nanna (“grandma”), Italian nonna (“granny”), Late Latin nonna (“nun; tutoress; old woman”), Norman nonne (“nun”), Old French nonain (“nun”). All probably ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root imitative of a child babbling, similar to Ancient Greek νάννα (nánna). (1795) It has often been assumed that the English term was originally a widespread child's word for "female adult other than mother" (compare Greek νάννα (nánna, “aunt”), nanna). On the other hand, according to recent research of the Dutch historical linguists Hans Beelen and Nicoline van der Sijs (published in Onze Taal, September 2018), on which see also etymologiebank.nl, in Dutch), the term nanny (and the British colloquial nan for "grandmother") may actually be eponymous, viz. being originally an affective form (i.e. a hypocoristic) of the popular female name Anne. The Dutch statesman and scientist Constantijn Huygens Jr. made the following observation during one of his many sojourns in England (noted in his Journaal, dated 13 December 1692): "Yesterday I received 10lb of chocolate again, from niece Becker, and she had Nanny, her maid, bringing me the money that she had owed me" (Gisteren kreegh 10 ℔ choccolate wederom van nicht Becker, en had Nanny, haer meidt, geweest om mij 't geldt, dat van haer hebben most, te brengen). Beelen and van der Sijs therefore assumed that "since many female domestic servants were named "Nan" or "Nanny", the name became a sobriquet for the profession of "maid, childminder" in the 18ᵗʰ century". ("Omdat veel vrouwelijke huisbedienden in het Engels de voornaam Nan of Nanny hadden, verschoof de betekenis in de achttiende eeuw naar die van een beroepsaanduiding: ‘meid, kindermeisje’") Pronunciation: /ˈnæni/ 1. To serve as a nanny. Labels: intransitive, transitive 2. To treat like a nanny's charges; to coddle. Labels: derogatory, transitive Example: In real life, says a Democratic campaign aide, members of Congress are too nannied by staff to stride about hatching plots, one-on-one. Example: All politicians seem worried. After 40-plus years of being nannied by the EU they are now faced with having to stand on their own two feet.
Word: nativist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English native Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English nativist From native + -ist. 1. An advocate of nativism. Example: The growers’ rebellion against E-Verify, and Mr. Smith’s contortions to buy them off, is further proof that the country cannot live without immigrant labor—no matter what the nativists may claim. Example: In short, mainstream parties no longer offer an element that every successful political project requires: a promise of a better world. But nativists still offer it. They solve the problem of climate change by pretending it doesn't exist.
Word: nativist Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English native Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English nativist From native + -ist. 1. Related to nativism. Example: When you add the unprecedented engagement of growing numbers of Latino voters in 2008, it becomes clear that the nativist path is the path to permanent political irrelevance. Unless you can find a way to get rid of all the Latinos. Example: “I would describe it as isolationist, protectionist and, to a certain extent, nativist,” Mr. Bush said in an interview on NBC’s “Today” show that aired on Tuesday, promoting his new book of paintings and essays honoring immigrants in America.
Word: neat Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English nete, net, nette, from Anglo-Norman neit (“good, desirable, clean”), a variant of Old French net, nette (“clean, clear, pure”), from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”), derived from nitēre (“to shine”). Doublet of net and nitid. Cognate with German nett (“nice, kind”). Compare also nait. Pronunciation: /ˈniːt/ 1. Clean, tidy; free from dirt or impurities. Example: My room is neat because I tidied it this morning. She has very neat hair. Example: Then his sallow face brightened, for the hall had been carefully furnished, and was very clean. ¶ There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls. 2. Free from contaminants; unadulterated, undiluted. Particularly of liquor and cocktails; see usage below. Example: I like my whisky neat. Example: 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 464-465, A cup of neate wine of Orleance, That never came neer the brewers of England. 3. Conditions with a liquid reagent or gas performed with no standard solvent or cosolvent. Example: The Arbuzov reaction is performed by adding the bromide to the phosphite, neat. The molecular beam was neat acetylene. 4. With all deductions or allowances made; net. Labels: archaic Example: Why without telling the least title of Falshood, within the space of the last Week’s Play, the Gains of Count Cog, really amounted to no less than Twenty Thousand Pounds Sterling neat Money. Example: Dr. Swift […] says, in his short view of the state of Ireland, that the whole cash of that kingdom amounted to 500,000 l. that out of this they remitted every year a neat million to England, and had scarce any other source to compensate themselves from […] 5. Having a simple elegance or style; clean, trim, tidy, tasteful. Example: The front room was neat and carefully arranged for the guests. 6. Well-executed or delivered; clever, skillful, precise. Example: Having the two protagonists meet in the last act was a particularly neat touch. 7. Facile; missing complexity or details in the favor of convenience or simplicity. Example: Courts should not reduce this case to a neat set of legal rules. 8. Good, excellent, desirable; interesting; cool. Labels: Canada, US, colloquial Example: Hey, neat convertible, man. Example: "You can tell that Rory has had this type of talent in him for some time now, and to see him putting it together is pretty neat to see." 9. Obsolete form of net (“remaining after expenses or deductions”). Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: What is the neat weight of 4 hogsheads of tobacco, each weighing 10cwt. 3qrs. 10lb. gross; — tare 100lb. per hdd.?
Word: neat Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From Middle English nete, net, nette, from Anglo-Norman neit (“good, desirable, clean”), a variant of Old French net, nette (“clean, clear, pure”), from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”), derived from nitēre (“to shine”). Doublet of net and nitid. Cognate with German nett (“nice, kind”). Compare also nait. Pronunciation: /ˈniːt/ 1. Used to signify a job well done. 2. Used to signify approval.
Word: neat Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nete, net, nette, from Anglo-Norman neit (“good, desirable, clean”), a variant of Old French net, nette (“clean, clear, pure”), from Latin nitidus (“gleaming”), derived from nitēre (“to shine”). Doublet of net and nitid. Cognate with German nett (“nice, kind”). Compare also nait. Pronunciation: /ˈniːt/ 1. An artificial intelligence researcher who believes that solutions should be elegant, clear and provably correct. Compare scruffy. Labels: informal
Word: neat Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nete, neat, from Old English nēat (“animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle”), from Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą (“foredeal, profit, property, livestock”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Dutch noot (“cow, cattle”, in compounds), dialectal German Noß (“livestock”), Alemannic German Nooss (“young sheep or goat”), Swedish nöt (“cattle”), Icelandic naut (“cattle, bull”) and Faroese neyt (“cattle”). More at note. Pronunciation: /ˈniːt/ 1. A bull or cow. Labels: archaic Example: Who both by his calfe, & his lambe wil be known, / may well kill a neate and a shepe of his owne. / And he that wil reare up a pyg in his house, / hath cheaper his bacon, and sweter his souse. Example: Thanks, i'faith; for silence is only commendable / In a neat's tongue dried.
Word: neat Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nete, neat, from Old English nēat (“animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle”), from Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą (“foredeal, profit, property, livestock”), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Dutch noot (“cow, cattle”, in compounds), dialectal German Noß (“livestock”), Alemannic German Nooss (“young sheep or goat”), Swedish nöt (“cattle”), Icelandic naut (“cattle, bull”) and Faroese neyt (“cattle”). More at note. Pronunciation: /ˈniːt/ 1. Cattle collectively. Labels: archaic, plural, plural-only Example: From thence into the open fields he fled, / Whereas the Heardes were keeping of their neat / And shepheards singing to their flockes, that fed, Example: And yet the steer, the heifer, and the calf / Are all call’d neat.
Word: neb Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English neb, from Old English nebb (“beak, nose, face”), from Proto-Germanic *nabją (“beak, nose”). Cognate with Danish næb, Dutch neb, German Schnabel, Old Norse nef, Swedish näbb, Swedish regional näv. Pronunciation: /nɛb/ 1. A bird's beak. Labels: dialectal 2. A person's mouth. Labels: obsolete 3. A person's nose. Labels: dialectal 4. The peak of a flat cap. Labels: dialectal 5. The nose or snout of an animal, now especially of a fish. Labels: dialectal 6. A projecting extremity; a point or sharp projection. Labels: dialectal Example: In Acorns the nebb dilating splitteth the two sides, which sometimes lye whole, when the Oak is sproated two handfuls. 7. A nib, as of a pen. Labels: dialectal
Word: neb Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /nɛb/ 1. Clipping of nebulizer. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping Example: […] the standard nebulizer treatment is withheld from the child. […] Other physicians and nurses not associated with the hospital told me […] "the child either needs a neb or doesn't need a neb."
Word: necessity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English necessite, from Old French necessite, from Latin necessitās (“unavoidableness, compulsion, exigency, necessity”), from necesse (“unavoidable, inevitable”); see necessary. Doublet of Necessitas. Pronunciation: /nɪˈsɛsəti/ 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I bought a new table out of necessity. My old one was ruined. Example: Educating the public about some of the myths that underlie their fears that non-traditional families will of necessity be detrimental to the well-being of foster children. 2. The condition of being needy; desperate need; lack. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: For it is in vain for a man to think to seek God in his necessity and exigence, if he seek not God in his ordinances, and do not joy in them. 3. Something necessary; a requisite; something indispensable. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A tent is a necessity if you plan on camping. Example: Look for the bare necessities / The simple bare necessities / Forget about your worries and your strife 4. Something which makes an act or an event unavoidable; an irresistible force; overruling power. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: After eating a full meal, the human body's necessity for food will compel the person to eat again in the future. Example: I stopped, and said with inly muttered voice, 'It doth not love the shower, nor seek the cold: This neither is its courage nor its choice, But its necessity in being old. 5. The negation of freedom in voluntary action; the subjection of all phenomena, whether material or spiritual, to inevitable causation; necessitarianism. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. Greater utilitarian good; used in justification of a criminal act. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: doctrine of necessity 7. Indispensable requirements (of life). Labels: countable, in-plural, uncountable
Word: needs Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English nedes (“of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably”) [and other forms], from Old English nēdes, nīedes (“of necessity; not willingly”), from nīed + -es (suffix forming adverbs from nouns). The English word is equivalent to need + -'s (possessive marker) and hence to need + -s (suffix forming adverbs). Pronunciation: /niːdz/, /nidz/ 1. Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably. Labels: archaic, not-comparable Example: As touching corporal puniſhments and penance, as faſting, diſciplin, hare cloth and other chaſtiſements, it behoueth thee herein to vſe good diſcretiõ, taking ſuch as help to repreſſe the aſſaults and temptations of the fleſh, and leuing others that may be hurtful, not yeelding herein to the heats, which ſome nouices are vvont to haue in their beginning, who thorough indiſcrete mortifying, and dompting of their fleſhe, fal into ſome ſuche infirmitie, as aftervvardes they muſt needes pamper and cheriſhe it to much. Example: To haue no Schreene between this part he plaid, / And him he plaid it for, he needes will be / Abſolute Millaine,[…]
Word: needs Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Pronunciation: /niːdz/, /nidz/ 1. plural of need Labels: form-of, plural
Word: needs Part of Speech: verb Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Pronunciation: /niːdz/, /nidz/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of need Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: nightfall Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From night + fall. Cf. dewfall. Pronunciation: /ˈnaɪt.fɔl/, /ˈnaɪt.fɑl/, /niːt.fɑːl/ 1. The close of the day; the coming of night. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: at nightfall 2. Nocturnal emission. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: node Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus. Pronunciation: /nəʊd/, /noʊd/ 1. A knot, knob, protuberance or swelling. 2. The point where the orbit of a planet, as viewed from the Sun, intersects the ecliptic. The ascending and descending nodes refer respectively to the points where the planet moves from South to North and N to S; their respective symbols are ☊ and ☋. 3. A leaf node. 4. A computer or other device attached to a network. 5. The point at which the lines of a funicular machine meet from different angular directions. 6. The point at which a curve crosses itself, being a double point of the curve. See crunode and acnode. 7. A similar point on a surface, where there is more than one tangent-plane. 8. A vertex or a leaf in a graph of a network, or other element in a data structure. 9. A hard concretion or incrustation which forms upon bones attacked with rheumatism, gout, or syphilis; sometimes also, a swelling in the neighborhood of a joint. 10. A point along a standing wave where the wave has minimal amplitude. 11. The knot, intrigue, or plot of a dramatic work. Labels: rare 12. A hole in the gnomon of a sundial, through which passes the ray of light which marks the hour of the day, the parallels of the Sun's declination, its place in the ecliptic, etc. 13. The word of interest in a KWIC, surrounded by left and right cotexts. 14. A region of an electric circuit connected only by (ideal) wires (i.e. the voltage between any two points on the same node must be zero). 15. A point in a parse tree that can be assigned a syntactic category label. 16. A point in a cladogram from which two clades branch, representing the presumed ancestor.
Word: noisy Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English noise Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English noisy From noise + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈnɔɪzi/, /ˈnɔːɪzɪ/ 1. Making a noise, especially a loud unpleasant sound Example: the noisy crowd. Example: For obvious reasons the percussion is normally arranged along the back of the platform, whether centrally or to one side, and sometimes also in two tiers, the heavy, noisier instruments behind, and the pitched, agile instruments such as vibraphone, marimba, etc. in front. An outstanding exception, however, exists in Roberto Gerhard's Epithalamion where the composer expressly desired that the all-important kitchen department be spread out in front of the strings and hence nearest the audience. 2. Full of noise. Example: a noisy bar Example: This market is the noisiest and swarmiest centre of noisy and swarming Florence, and I always like to pass through it on that account. 3. Unpleasant-looking and causing unwanted attention Example: noisy clothes 4. Accompanied by or introducing random fluctuations that obscure the real signal or data Example: Looked at more carefully, and over a longer time period, the relationship between the economy and the incumbent’s performance is positive, but noisy. “The incumbent wins when the economy is good” is a useful, weak prior, but not an iron law, and one that historically has had many exceptions.
Word: nominee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From nomin(ate) + -ee. Pronunciation: /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ 1. A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office. 2. A person or organisation in whose name a security is registered though true ownership is held by another party, called nominator, especially for the purpose of concealing the identity of the nominator. Example: The Supreme Court confiscated half of Thaksin Shinawatra's fortune after finding that, while being Prime Minister, he held shares in commercial companies through nominees. 3. A person to whom the holder of a copyhold estate surrenders their interest.
Word: nonchalance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French nonchalance. Pronunciation: /ˈnɒnʃələns/, /ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːns/ 1. Indifference, unconcern; carelessness; coolness; disregard, detachment. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: nonsensical Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Germanic *ne Proto-Indo-European *ís? Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos Proto-Germanic *ainaz Proto-Germanic *nainaz Proto-West Germanic *nain Old English nān Middle English non ▲ Old English nān Old English nān- Middle English non- English non- Proto-Indo-European *sent-der. Proto-Italic *sentiō Latin sentiō Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin sēnsusbor. Proto-Germanic *sinnaz Frankish *sinnbor. Vulgar Latin *sennus Old French sensbor. Middle English sense English sense English nonsense Proto-Indo-European *-ikos Proto-Italic *-ikos Latin -icuslbor. Old French -iquebor. Middle English -ic Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al Middle English -ical English -ical English nonsensical From nonsense + -ical. 1. Without sense; absurd. Example: Well, her very foolish grandmother has mixed herself up in some nonsensical correspondence with the court of St. Germains; or, rather, has let herself be made a tool by Mr. Trevanion, who, I am happy to say, is not Ethel's husband; they arrested him just in time. Example: President Donald Trump’s presidential memorandum ordering an investigation of Joe Biden’s cognitive decline and his use of the autopen […] is also nonsensical fan service, amplifying addled MAGA conspiracy theories that contend, with a straight face, that Biden was really a robotic clone.
Word: notebook Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From note + book. Pronunciation: /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/, /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ 1. A book (physical or digital) in which notes or memoranda are written. Example: Near-synonyms: notepad, rough book, writing pad, logbook, journal Example: For Caſſius is a-weary of the World: / Hated by one he loues, brau'd by his Brother, / Check'd like a bondman, all his faults obſeru'd, / Set in a Note-booke, learn'd, and con'd by roate / To caſt into my Teeth. 2. A kind of user interface in literate programming, allowing calculations to be interspersed with human-readable comments, diagrams, etc. Labels: attributive, sometimes Example: We have found the use of Jupyter notebooks to be a convenient way of sharing work and code in a compact and reproducible manner. Jupyter notebooks are easy to update and adapt over time compared to a static CD-ROM. 3. Ellipsis of notebook computer (“laptop computer”). Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: Over time, the difference in size between laptops and notebooks became a matter of no more than an inch or two in length and width, and a fraction of an inch in thickness.
Word: nourish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English norischen, from Old French nouriss-, stem of one of the conjugated forms of norrir, from Latin nutriō (“to suckle, feed, foster, nourish, cherish, preserve, support”). Pronunciation: /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, /ˈnʊɹ.ɪʃ/, /ˈnɝ.ɪʃ/ 1. A nurse. Labels: obsolete
Word: nourish Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English norischen, from Old French nouriss-, stem of one of the conjugated forms of norrir, from Latin nutriō (“to suckle, feed, foster, nourish, cherish, preserve, support”). Pronunciation: /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/, /ˈnʊɹ.ɪʃ/, /ˈnɝ.ɪʃ/ 1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply with food or other matter which increases weight and promotes health. Labels: transitive Example: He planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. Example: other carnivorous Animals are difficultly nourished by Plants alone 2. To support; to maintain; to be responsible for. Labels: transitive Example: I in Ireland nourish a mighty band. 3. To encourage; to foster; to stimulate Labels: transitive Example: to nourish civility Example: to nourish a sense of self-worth 4. To cherish; to comfort. Labels: transitive Example: Ye have nourished your hearts. 5. To educate or bring up; to nurture; to promote emotional, spiritual or other non-physical growth. Labels: transitive Example: Nourished up in the words of faith. 6. To promote growth; to furnish nutriment. Labels: intransitive Example: This type of nourishes very well. 7. To gain nourishment. Labels: intransitive, obsolete Example: a kingdom may have good limbs, but will have empty veins, and nourish little
Word: novelette Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *nu Proto-Indo-European *néwos Proto-Italic *nowos Latin novus Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -lus Latin -ellus Latin novellus Vulgar Latin *novella Italian novellabor. English novel Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tosder.? Latin -ittus Old French -ettebor. Middle English -ette English -ette English novelette From novel + -ette. Pronunciation: /nɒvəˈlɛt/, /nɒvl̩ˈɛt/ 1. A short novel, synonymous with novella. 2. A story longer than a short story, but shorter than a novella. Example: Best novella was Nnedi Okorafor’s African-flavoured space opera Binti (Tor), while best novelette was Folding Beijing by Hao Jingfang, translated by Ken Liu. Example: Nebula Awards® will be made in the following categories […] Novelette: at least 7,500 words but less than 17,500 words[…] 3. A short piece of lyrical music, especially one for the piano.
Word: nullification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Late Latin nullificatio, from nullifico, equivalent to null + -ification. Pronunciation: /ˌnʌlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ 1. The act of nullifying; a rendering void and of no effect, or no legal effect. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Mason and I had an entirely civil debate about the merits of nullification versus an official "apology" for what had been done to Oppenheimer. I argued that an apology was not sufficient and that nullification was required precisely to restore the integrity of the security-review system. 2. The nullification crisis in U.S. history, confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He infused the threat with credibility, and the nullification movement fizzled, though Jackson also helped craft a compromise reduction in tariff rates to somewhat mollify South Carolinians. 3. Surgical removal of genitals (and sometimes nipples) as a form of body modification. Labels: countable, neologism, uncountable Example: Surgeons talk about procedures that result in bodies that don't exist in nature: those with both sets of genitals – the "phallus-preserving vaginoplasty"; double mastectomies that don't have nipples; "nullification" surgery, where there are no genitals at all, just smooth skin.
Word: nurture Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English norture, noriture, from Old French norriture, norreture, from Late Latin nutritura (“nourishment”), from Latin nutrire (“to nourish”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ 1. The act of nourishing or nursing; tender care Labels: countable, uncountable 2. That which nourishes; food; diet. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Other great houses there bee of the English in Ireland, which thorough licentious conversing with the Irish, or marrying, or fostering with them, or lacke of meete nurture, or other such unhappy occasions, have degendred from their auncient dignities, and are now growne as Irish, as O-hanlans breech, as the proverbe there is. 3. The environmental influences that contribute to a person’s development (as opposed to "nature"). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A Deuill, a borne-Deuill, on whoſe nature / Nurture can neuer ſticke : Example: […]a man neither by nature nor by nurture wiſe. 4. The act or process of encouraging the growth or development of something. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The problem is aggravated by the fact that much of the gay sub-culture is not conducive to the nurture of the radical ego integrity of which Erikson speaks.
Word: nurture Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English norture, noriture, from Old French norriture, norreture, from Late Latin nutritura (“nourishment”), from Latin nutrire (“to nourish”). Pronunciation: /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ 1. To nourish or nurse. Example: Look where he would, some heap of ruins afforded him rich promise of a working off; the whole town appeared to have been ploughed, and sown, and nurtured by most genial weather; and a goodly harvest was at hand. 2. To encourage, especially the growth or development of something. Labels: broadly, figuratively Example: 2009, UNESCO, The United Nations World Water Development Report – N° 3 - 2009 – Freshwater and International Law (the Interplay between Universal, Regional and Basin Perspectives), page 10, →ISBN The relationships between universal norms and specific norms nurture the development of international law.
Word: obstinate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Inherited from Middle English obstinat(e) (“obstinate, stubborn”), from Latin obstinātus, perfect passive participle of obstinō (“set one's mind firmly upon, resolve”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ob (“before”) + *stinare, from stare (“to stand”). Doublet of ostinato. Pronunciation: /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/, /ˈɒb.stɪ.nɪt/, /ˈɑb.stə.nət/, /ˈɑb.stə.nɪt/ 1. Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent. Example: From this consideration it is that we have derived the custom, in times of war, to punish […] those who are obstinate to defend a place that by the rules of war is not tenable […] Example: […] the junior Osborne was quite as obstinate as the senior: when he wanted a thing, quite as firm in his resolution to get it; and quite as violent when angered, as his father in his most stern moments 2. Of an inanimate object, not easily subdued or removed. Example: an obstinate blockage in the pipe Example: 1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part IV, Chapter XXIX, Now it happened that Kasturbai […] had again begun getting haemorrhage, and the malady seemed to be obstinate. 3. Of a facial feature or expression, fixed and unmoving. Example: He had the same pile of curly hair, but he was clean-shaven with a heavy, obstinate jowl.
Word: obstreperous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i) Proto-Italic *op Latin ob Latin ob- Latin strepō Latin obstrepō Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Italic *-os Old Latin -os Latin -us Latin obstreperusbor. English obstreperous Borrowed from Latin obstreperus, first attested circa 17th c. Compare obstropulous. Pronunciation: /əbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/, /ɒbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/, /əbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/, /ɑːbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/ 1. Attended by, or making, a loud and tumultuous noise; boisterous. Example: [O]n a clear still summer evening you may hear from the battery of New York the obstreperous peals of broad-mouthed laughter of the Dutch negroes at Communipaw. Example: This disposition his subsequent life had not tended to change in any considerable degree, though increased knowledge, with much observation, and a little reading, had rendered the gaiety of the young man a very different thing to the obstreperous mirth of the boy. 2. Stubbornly defiant; disobedient; resistant to authority or control (whether in a noisy manner or not). Example: [W]e came to Whittingham. Thence to Newcastle, where an obstreperous horse retarded us for an hour at least. Example: My dress was draggled, my hat had slipped back, and the kinks and curls of my obstreperous hair were something awful.
Word: offend Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French offendre, from Latin offendō (“strike, blunder, commit an offense”), from ob- (“against”) + *fendō (“strike”). Pronunciation: /əˈfɛnd/ 1. To hurt the feelings of; to displease; to make angry; to insult. Labels: transitive Example: Your accusations offend me deeply. Example: ‘ […] I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because “it was wicked to dress us like charity children”. We nearly crowned her we were so offended. She saw us but she didn't know us, did she?’. 2. To feel or become offended; to take insult. Labels: intransitive Example: Don't worry. I don't offend easily. 3. To physically harm, pain. Labels: transitive Example: Strong light offends the eye. Example: Som fowles there be that have so perfaict ſight Agayn the Sonne their Iyes for to defend And ſom bicauſe the light doeth theim offend Do never pere but in the darke or nyght 4. To annoy, cause discomfort or resent. Labels: transitive Example: Physically enjoyable frivolity can still offend the conscience 5. To sin, transgress divine law or moral rules. Labels: intransitive Example: I dailie and hourelie offend in thought, word, and deed, in a relapſe by mine owne weakneſſe and wilfulneſſe, my bonus Genius, my good protecting angel is gone, I am falne from that I was, or would bee, worſe and worſe, […] 6. To transgress or violate a law or moral requirement. Labels: transitive Example: Wearing faded baggy offends against the club's rules of proper dress. Example: The plaintiff’s claim is replete with conclusions, expressions of opinion, and evidence. Therefore, the statement of claim offends the rules of pleading and ought to be struck out pursuant to Queen’s Bench Rule 25.11(b). 7. To cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall. Labels: archaic, obsolete, transitive Example: "If any man offend not (stumbles not, is not tripped up) in word, the same is a perfect man." Example: "If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out."
Word: official Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English official, from Old French official, from Latin officiālis, from Latin officium (“duty, service”), by surface analysis, office + -ial. Pronunciation: /əˈfɪʃəl/, [əˈfɪʃəl] ~ [əˈfɪʃɫ̩] 1. Of or about an office or public trust. Example: official duties 2. Derived from the proper office or officer, or the appropriate authority; made or communicated by authority Example: an official statement or report 3. Approved by authority; authorized. Example: The Official Strategy Guide 4. Approved by authority; authorized. Example: Despite these testimonies, "accidental asphyxiation" remains his official cause of death. 5. Sanctioned by the pharmacopoeia; appointed to be used in medicine; officinal. Example: an official drug or preparation 6. Discharging an office or function. Example: the stomach and other parts official unto nutrition 7. Relating to an office, especially a subordinate executive officer or attendant. 8. Relating to an ecclesiastical judge appointed by a bishop, chapter, archdeacon, etc., with charge of the spiritual jurisdiction. 9. True, real, beyond doubt. Labels: informal Example: Well, it's official: you lost your mind! 10. Listed in a national pharmacopeia.
Word: official Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English official, from Old French official, from Latin officiālis, from Latin officium (“duty, service”), by surface analysis, office + -ial. Pronunciation: /əˈfɪʃəl/, [əˈfɪʃəl] ~ [əˈfɪʃɫ̩] 1. An office holder, a person holding an official position in government, sports, or other organization. Example: Officials in the Firefly administration assure the Sylvanians they don't want war either. Example: In most soccer games, there are three officials: the referee and two linesmen.
Word: offshoot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English off- Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwdeti? Proto-Germanic *skuttōnąbf.? Proto-Germanic *skeutaną Proto-West Germanic *skeutan Old English sċēotan Middle English schoten English shoot English offshoot From off- + shoot. Pronunciation: /ˈɔf.ʃuːt/, /ˈɒf.ʃuːt/ 1. Something which shoots off or separates from a main stem or branch of a plant. Example: the offshoots of a tree 2. Something which develops from something else. Example: an offshoot of a criminal organization Example: The reason is that the Berks & Hants Railway Company, under the powers of which the line was built, also included the Reading-Basingstoke section. The company was an offshoot of the G.W.R., which absorbed it before any section was opened.