nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: cavalier Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *kaballosder.? Latin caballus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Late Latin caballāriusder. Old Occitan cavalierbor. Old Italian cavalierebor. Middle French cavalierbor. English cavalier First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier. Pronunciation: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/, /ˈkæ.vəˌlir/ 1. Lacking the proper care or concern for something important, reckless, rash, high-handed. Example: But, on the following day, no sign of Poirot. I was getting angry. He was really treating us in the most cavalier fashion. Example: Such a cavalier attitude might seem to suggest that doctors consider the uterus as dispensable an organ as, say, an appendix—and some feminists have accused the medical profession of just such callousness […] 2. High-spirited. 3. Supercilious. 4. Free and easy; unconcerned with formalities Labels: obsolete Example: Leporello (a surname that proved the antechamber not to be wholly illiterate), far from resembling Don Juan’s trembling valet, was a handsome young man, with an animated face, nimble in gait, and of cavalier manners; wearing elegantly enough the clothes which had, doubtless, appertained to his master; and evidently quite the pet of the ladies present, and paying assiduous court to Mademoiselle Astarté, the queen of the party. 5. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I of England (1600–1649). Labels: historical
Word: cavalier Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *kaballosder.? Latin caballus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Late Latin caballāriusder. Old Occitan cavalierbor. Old Italian cavalierebor. Middle French cavalierbor. English cavalier First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier. Pronunciation: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/, /ˈkæ.vəˌlir/ 1. A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights. Labels: historical 2. A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man. Labels: historical 3. A gentleman of the class of such officers. Labels: historical 4. Alternative letter-case form of Cavalier, a royalist partisan of Charles I of England during the English Civil War, especially from the upper classes. Labels: alt-of, historical 5. Someone with an uncircumcised penis. Labels: slang Example: The roundheads in the school showers easily equalled the cavaliers. Example: Since penile preference is so tied up with personal aesthetics and body image, it seems both logical and fair to leave the choice of cavalier or roundhead to the owner of the organ, thus avoiding the sort of life-long pain expressed in a comment like this:[…] 6. A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.
Word: cavalier Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Celtic *kaballosder.? Latin caballus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -ārius Late Latin caballāriusder. Old Occitan cavalierbor. Old Italian cavalierebor. Middle French cavalierbor. English cavalier First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier. Pronunciation: /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/, /ˈkæ.vəˌlir/ 1. Of a man: to act in a gallant and dashing manner toward (women). Labels: dated, transitive Example: His social and kind nature is inferred from his cavaliering the ladies Percy and Mortimer, and introducing them, before their husbands depart for the war. Example: "I thought," Graeme burred at him, transfixing him with shrewd eyes, "that you were cavaliering the Italian girl, Beatrice Cenci or Vittoria Colonna or whatever her name is?"
Word: celebrate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English celebraten, from celebrat(e) (“celebrated”, also used as the past participle of celebraten) + -en, borrowed from Latin celebrātus, perfect passive participle of celebrō (“frequent, go to in great numbers, celebrate, honor, praise”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from celeber (“frequented, populous”). Displaced native Old English fæġnian. Pronunciation: /ˈsɛl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/, /ˈsɛl.ə.bɹeɪt/, /ˈsel.ə.bɹæɪt/, /ˈsɛː.lɪb.ˈreːʈ/, /seˈlɪb.reːʈ/ 1. To extol or honour in a solemn manner. Labels: transitive Example: to celebrate the name of the Most High Example: To celebrate the centenary next month of the opening of the first section (Forest Gate to Tilbury) of the former London, Tilbury & Southend Railway, the Stephenson Locomotive Society is organising a special rail tour over that route and other lesser-known L.T.S.R. lines. 2. To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly. Labels: transitive Example: to celebrate a birthday Example: Hester Earle and Violet Wayne were moving about the aisle with bundles of wheat-ears and streamers of ivy, for the harvest thanksgiving was shortly to be celebrated, while the vicar stood waiting for their directions on the chancel steps with a great handful of crimson gladioli. 3. To engage in joyful activity in appreciation of an event. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: I was promoted today at work—let’s celebrate! Example: As Di Matteo celebrated and captain John Terry raised the trophy for the fourth time, the Italian increased his claims to become the permanent successor to Andre Villas-Boas by landing a trophy. 4. To perform or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to perform with appropriate rites. Labels: transitive Example: to celebrate a marriage
Word: celebration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French celebration, from Latin celebratio. Equivalent to celebrate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌsɛl.ɪˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌsɛl.əˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌsɛlˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌsel.əˈbɹæɪ.ʃən/, /sɛ(ː).le.breː.ʃən/ 1. The formal performance of a solemn rite, such as Christian sacrament. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We will attend the Christmas celebration in church. 2. The observance of a holiday or feast day, as by solemnities. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The celebrations around here for Easter are enjoyable. Example: In a Chinese New Year video message posted on her Facebook page yesterday, President Halimah Yacob said the fact that the celebrations here also commonly embrace those of other races is "true to the Singapore spirit". 3. The act or process of showing appreciation, joy, gratitude and/or remembrance, notably as a social event. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She jumped in the air in celebration of her success. Example: Waltz into a grand Austrian celebration this fall on the Danube River on an eight-day cruise marking the 300th birthday of Maria Theresa of Austria, whose one-time titles included Holy Roman Empress; Queen of Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia and Slavonia; Archduchess of Austria; and Duchess of Parma. 4. A social gathering for entertainment and fun; a party. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We are having a celebration at McDonald's for my dad's new job. Example: Next week includes celebrations for both Martin's birthday and for his new job.
Word: censure Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From 1350–1400 Middle English censure, from Old French, from Latin censūra (“censor's office or assessment”), from censēre (“to consider, to assess, to value, to judge, to tax, etc.”). Pronunciation: /ˈsɛn.ʃə/, /ˈsɛns.jʊə/, /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/, /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/, /ˈsen.ʃə/ 1. The act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Censure, which arraigns the public actions and the private motives of princes, has ascribed to envy, a conduct which might be attributed to the prudence and moderation of Hadrian. Example: Both the censure and the praise were merited. 2. Official reprimand. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: After his actions were challenged by foreign governments and Parliament initially tried to put a stop to his action, Denman returned home and argued his case with enough force that, by 1848, the Royal Navy was handed active permission and encouragement to raze every last slave factory they could find to the ground, and full authority to stop any ship, of any flag, that was thought to be a slaver, with a guarantee with^([sic]) no censure from the government. 3. A judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He that hath past / So many Cenſures is novv come at laſt / To haue your princely Eares, grace you him; […] Example: [E]xcommunication […] being the chief ecclesiastical censure 4. A judgment (either favorable or unfavorable); an opinion. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: Take each man's cenſure, but reſerve thy judgment.
Word: censure Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From 1350–1400 Middle English censure, from Old French, from Latin censūra (“censor's office or assessment”), from censēre (“to consider, to assess, to value, to judge, to tax, etc.”). Pronunciation: /ˈsɛn.ʃə/, /ˈsɛns.jʊə/, /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/, /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/, /ˈsen.ʃə/ 1. To criticize harshly. Labels: transitive Example: I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty. Example: The Woodwalton signalman, Rose, who was severely censured in Captain Tyler's report, behaved with great negligence. 2. To formally rebuke. Labels: transitive Example: The US House of Representatives on Wednesday voted to censure Rep. Adam Schiff, a key lawmaker in Democrats’ congressional investigations into former President Donald Trump during his presidency. 3. To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer.
Word: centralization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French centralisation, equivalent to central + -ization or centralize + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌsɛntɹəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/, /ˌsɛntɹələˈzeɪʃən/, /ˌsentɹəˌlɑeˈzæɪʃən/, /ˌsentɹəlaɪˈzæɪʃən/, [ˌsentɹəlɑe̯ˈzæɪʃən] 1. The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole Labels: British, English, Oxford, US, countable, uncountable Example: the centralization of power in the general government Example: the centralization of commerce in a city
Word: centrepiece Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From centre + piece. 1. An ornament to be placed in the centre, as of a table, ceiling, etc. 2. A central article or figure. Example: Below is the deep abyss of the Lauterbrunnen valley, and at its head a stately semi-circle of mountains, with the pyramidal Lauterbrunnen Breithorn as the centre-piece. Example: A small bottle of sparkling Rhineland wine was the centrepiece; beside it was a large marzipan pastry topped with strawberries.
Word: certification Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, /ˌsɝ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌsɝ.ɾɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən], /ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkæɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of certifying. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The granting of a certificate. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A professional qualification that certifies a person's ability. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: You do not possess the certifications required for this post.
Word: cessation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French cessation, itself a borrowing from Latin cessātiō. By surface analysis, cease + -ation. Compare cession < cede. Pronunciation: /sɛˈseɪʃən/ 1. A ceasing or discontinuance, for example of an action, whether temporary or final. Labels: countable, formal, uncountable Example: it might be advisable to permit the temporary cessation of the papal inquisition Example: The day […]was […]yearly observ'd for a festival Day by cessation from Labour.
Word: chafe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *kalēō Latin caleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin calefaciō Classical Latin calfaciō Vulgar Latin *calfō Old French chauferbor. Middle English chaufen English chafe Inherited from Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃeɪf/ 1. Heat excited by friction. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Injury or wear caused by friction. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: Like a wylde Bull, that, being at a bay, / Is bayted of a mastiffe and a hound / […] That in his chauffe he digs the trampled ground / And threats his horns […] Example: When we returned we found the poor prisoner in a terrible chafe with the sentinel for detaining him, for the guard had been true to his trust.
Word: chafe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti Proto-Italic *kalēō Latin caleō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin calefaciō Classical Latin calfaciō Vulgar Latin *calfō Old French chauferbor. Middle English chaufen English chafe Inherited from Middle English chaufen (“to warm”), borrowed from Old French chaufer (modern French chauffer), from Latin calefacere, calfacere (“to make warm”), from calere (“to be warm”) + facere (“to make”). See caldron. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃeɪf/ 1. To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to stimulate and make warm. Labels: transitive 2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate. Labels: figuratively, transitive 3. To fret and wear by rubbing. Labels: transitive Example: to chafe a cable Example: i was reminded why i stopped wearing jeans. they hurt so bad compared to pleated pants […] yeah, but the sides of my hips and my junk were all sore. idr the english word, but ig they were ”wearing against it”. oh ”chafe”? 4. To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction. Labels: intransitive Example: the troubled Tiber chafing with her shores Example: [Gitche Manito] Breathed upon the neighbouring forest, / Made its great boughs chafe together, / Till in flame they burst and kindled; […] 5. To be worn by rubbing. Labels: intransitive Example: A cable chafes. 6. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated. Labels: figuratively, intransitive Example: He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter. Example: Many local politicians chafed under the restrictions of Guided Democracy[…]
Word: champ Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-der. Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ém-po-s Proto-Italic *kampos Latin campusbor. Proto-West Germanic *kamp Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-West Germanic *-jan Proto-West Germanic *kampijan Proto-Germanic *-jô Proto-West Germanic *-jō Frankish *kampijōbor. Medieval Latin campiō Old French champiunbor. Middle English champioun English champion English champ Clipping of champion /championship. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃæmp/ 1. Clipping of champion. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial 2. Clipping of championship. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, colloquial, in-plural Example: The team failed to make it to the Champs. 3. Buddy, sport, mate. (as a term of address) Labels: informal Example: Whatcha doing, champ? Example: “Jesus, this is actually almost depressing.” [honking] “Need a ride, champ?” “Although not as depressing as-- Ron, what the hell are you doing here?” “I'm giving you a ride home. Come on. Hop in.” “What, did my mother send you?” “No, not exactly. I just thought it'd give us the chance to bond.” “Yeah. Don't take this the wrong way, Ron, but I'd rather bond with a CHUD.” [inaudible]. “But CHUDs live in New York, so let's go.” [tires squealing]
Word: champ Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-der. Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ém-po-s Proto-Italic *kampos Latin campusbor. Proto-West Germanic *kamp Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-West Germanic *-jan Proto-West Germanic *kampijan Proto-Germanic *-jô Proto-West Germanic *-jō Frankish *kampijōbor. Medieval Latin campiō Old French champiunbor. Middle English champioun English champion English champ Clipping of champion /championship. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃæmp/ 1. To act or behave like a champ; to endure. Labels: informal Example: Either champ it out and post up on the cement or face-down in the sand or get out the hammock and hang it from a palm tree. Example: So on Wednesday I decided to champ up and get in a few couple of workouts all in one day.
Word: champ Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English champen, chammen (“to bite; gnash the teeth”), perhaps originally imitative. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃæmp/ 1. A dish comprising mashed potato and chopped scallions. Labels: Ireland, uncountable, usually
Word: champ Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English champen, chammen (“to bite; gnash the teeth”), perhaps originally imitative. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃæmp/ 1. To bite or chew, especially noisily or impatiently. Labels: ambitransitive Example: They began […] irefully to champ upon the bit. Example: Foamed and champed the golden bit.
Word: champ Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From champagne by shortening. Pronunciation: /ʃæmp/ 1. Champagne. Labels: informal, uncountable Example: "They're dressed up very elegantly and it's nice they have a glass of champ, even if it's non-alcoholic," Reif says. Example: We're drinkin' Santana champ, 'cause it's so crisp
Word: champ Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from French champ m (“field”). Doublet of campus and camp. 1. The field or ground on which carving appears in relief. Labels: obsolete, rare 2. The field of a shield. Labels: obsolete, rare Example: If a man, he adds, have taken for his arms 'a low of gules in a champ of silver,'¹ […] ¹A flame (pile wavy) gules in a silver field. Thus the arms of the family of Bataille de Mandelot are, Argent three flames, per piles wavy gules, issuant from the base. Woodward, Heraldry, i. 158. Otherwise one might almost suppose that the word 'low' of the MS. was a misprint or a misunderstanding of the scribe for 'cow'; for the instance in one MS. of the original French is that of a man who took 'une vache de geules et trois estoiles par dessus.'
Word: champ Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from French champ m (“field”). Doublet of campus and camp. 1. To set (a surface) with a champ (a contrasting field or background). Example: Three of red cloth of gold champed with (with a ground of) velvet. One of white cloth of gold champed with blue velvet. One of red champed with blue velvet.
Word: champ Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Blend of church + camp or back-formation from champing. 1. To camp overnight in a historic church as a novelty or part of a holiday.
Word: char Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Back-formation from charcoal. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɑː/, [t͡ʃaː], /t͡ʃɑɹ/, [t͡ʃɑɹ], [t͡ʃɑ˞] 1. To burn something to charcoal; to be burnt to charcoal. Labels: ergative Example: I charred the wood. Example: The wood charred. 2. To burn (something) severely, so as to blacken it. Labels: transitive Example: The fire charred her down to the bone. 3. To burn (something) slightly or superficially so as to affect colour. Labels: transitive Example: The chef charred the scallops just right.
Word: char Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from charcoal. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɑː/, [t͡ʃaː], /t͡ʃɑɹ/, [t͡ʃɑɹ], [t͡ʃɑ˞] 1. A charred substance.
Word: char Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown, perhaps from Celtic, such as Irish ceara (“fiery red”) (found in personal names). Or, perhaps borrowed from Middle Low German schar (“flounder, dab”), from Old Saxon skard, from Proto-Germanic *skardaz, related to *skeraną (“to cut”), referring to its shape. If so, related to shard. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɑː/, /t͡ʃɑɹ/, [t͡ʃɑɹ], [t͡ʃɑ˞] 1. Any of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Example: Among other native delicacies, they give you fresh char.
Word: char Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cherre (“odd job”), from Old English ċierr (“a turn, change, time, occasion, affair, business”), from ċierran (“to turn, change, turn oneself, go, come, proceed, turn back, return, regard, translate, persuade, convert, be converted, agree to, submit, make to submit, reduce”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”). Cognate with Dutch keer (“a time, turn, occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn, bight, bend”) and kehren (“to sweep”) or umkehren (“to return or reverse”). More at chore, ajar. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɑː/, /t͡ʃɑɹ/, [t͡ʃɑɹ], [t͡ʃɑ˞] 1. A time; a turn or occasion. Labels: obsolete 2. A turn of work; a labour or item of business. Labels: obsolete 3. An odd job, a chore or piece of housework. Example: When thou hast done this chare, I’ll give thee leave to play till doomsday. 4. A charlady, a woman employed to do housework; cleaning lady. Example: I had to scrub the kitchen today, because the char couldn't come. Example: But there was nobody at Kig and Kadgit's except the charwoman wiping over the “lino” in the passage. “Nobody here yet, Miss,” said the char.
Word: char Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English cherre (“odd job”), from Old English ċierr (“a turn, change, time, occasion, affair, business”), from ċierran (“to turn, change, turn oneself, go, come, proceed, turn back, return, regard, translate, persuade, convert, be converted, agree to, submit, make to submit, reduce”), from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną (“to turn”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”). Cognate with Dutch keer (“a time, turn, occasion”), German Kehre (“a turn, bight, bend”) and kehren (“to sweep”) or umkehren (“to return or reverse”). More at chore, ajar. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɑː/, /t͡ʃɑɹ/, [t͡ʃɑɹ], [t͡ʃɑ˞] 1. To turn, especially away or aside. Labels: obsolete 2. To work, especially to do housework; to work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant. Example: She explained that she was the commissionaire's wife, who did the charing, and I gave her the order for the coffee. Example: Her husband had been a soldier, and from a grateful country she received a pension large enough to keep her from starvation, and by charring and doing such odd jobs as she could get she earned a little extra to supply herself with liquor. 3. To perform; to do; to finish. Labels: obsolete Example: All's chared when he is gone. 4. To work or hew (stone, etc.)
Word: char Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of character. Used as the name of a data type in some programming languages, including notably C. Pronunciation: /ˈkæɹ/, /t͡ʃɑː/, /kɛə/, /kɑː/, /t͡ʃɑɹ/ 1. A character (text element such as a letter or symbol). Example: The unit is an 80-column, 30 char. /sec dot matrix printer which uses a 5 by 7 font. Example: Chars can be considered as integers if need be without an explicit cast. 2. A character (being involved in the action of a story). Labels: colloquial Example: In fact, when I somewhat lack inspiration, I tend to convert my characters according to the rules of a game which universe is close enough (I did it for some of the chars in my WIP, taking the Cyberpunk 2020 rulebook). Example: WoW exp I feel that it is just a progress from Lv70 to 80 and then back to square one to raid\arena or die expansion. So I don’t see the point of going back just to level my char to 80 and let them idle at end-game.
Word: char Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Non-rhotic spelling of cha. 1. Alternative form of cha (“tea”). Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative, uncountable Example: “’Ullo, cock,” it said, amiably enough. “So you’ve come to, ’ave yer? ’Ang on a bit, an’ I’ll get you a cup o’ char.” And it vanished again.
Word: characterization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek χαράσσω (kharássō) Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Ancient Greek -τήρ (-tḗr) Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr) Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō) Ancient Greek χᾰρακτηρίζω (khăraktērízō)der. Medieval Latin charactērizōder. English characterize Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English characterization From characterize + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌkæɹəktəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/, /ˌkæɹəktəɹəˈzeɪʃən/, /ˌkɛɹəktəɹəˈzeɪʃən/ 1. The act or process of characterizing. Example: Near-synonyms: portrayal, representation; definition Example: It was while he was performing the duties of the store that he acquired the soubriquet "Honest Abe"--a characterization that he never dishonored, and an abbreviation that he never outgrew.
Word: Charybdis Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χάρυβδις (Khárubdis). Pronunciation: /kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ 1. A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. Example: I have never yet been able to steer my lovers through the Scylla of presence, or the Charybdis of absence. 2. A personification of the above whirlpool as a female monster. Labels: Greek 3. Any dangerous whirlpool. Example: …that night, wee ſailed merrily by the Maſcarenas, a Charybdis in 21 degrees, var.13 and 17 minutes… Example: The tide here sets in alternately from N. to S. and from S. to N., which causes the whirlpool of Galofaro, the Charybdis of the ancients.
Word: chef Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French chef (from the positions of chef d'office and chef de cuisine), from Old French chief (“head, leader”) (English chief), from Vulgar Latin capus (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Latin caput (“head”) (possibly related to English cap (“head covering”)). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, and chief through Latin, and head and Howth through Proto-Indo-European. Pronunciation: /ʃɛf/, /t͡ʃɛf/ 1. The presiding cook in the kitchen of a large household. Example: The Chef's peace of mind was restor'd, And in due time a banquet was placed on the board. 2. The head cook of a restaurant or other establishment. Example: The cause of the disturbance, it appeared, was the angry little chef of Sir Francis Clavering's culinary establishment. 3. Any cook. Example: My partner is the chef of the household, while I do most of the cleaning. 4. One who manufactures illegal drugs; a cook. Labels: slang Example: But trying to stop all the nation's meth chefs makes as much sense as building a wall along the Mexican border. Example: Owsley Stanley, the world's most exacting and prolific LSD chef who supplied the majority of America's West Coast with LSD in the 1960s, claimed he made so much acid not because he wanted to change the world, but rather because it was almost impossible not to make vast quantities of the drug once the synthesis had been embarked upon. 5. A reliquary in the shape of a head. Labels: historical
Word: chef Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Unadapted borrowing from French chef (from the positions of chef d'office and chef de cuisine), from Old French chief (“head, leader”) (English chief), from Vulgar Latin capus (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Latin caput (“head”) (possibly related to English cap (“head covering”)). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, and chief through Latin, and head and Howth through Proto-Indo-European. Pronunciation: /ʃɛf/, /t͡ʃɛf/ 1. To work as a chef; to prepare and cook food professionally. Labels: informal, stative Example: It was Brick who talked on alumni relations with the active chapters and who cheffed at our steak fry (more of that later) and Mrs. Cowles who took over […] Example: I cheffed part-time at a nice restaurant in town. 2. To stab with a knife, to shank. Labels: Multicultural-London-English, transitive Example: He got cheffed up proper. Example: Still on my knife work chef him up with that rambo 3. To impress others. Labels: Internet Example: thinkin' that I be cheffin'.'
Word: cherish Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English charish, cherishen (“to have affection for, hold dear, treat kindly; to esteem, respect; to cherish; to take care of; to greet; to entertain, treat hospitably; to cheer; to encourage, incite”), from Old French cheriss-, chieriss-, extended stem of cherir, chierir (“to cherish”) (modern French chérir (“to cherish”)), from cher, chier (“dear, dearest”) (from Latin cārus (“beloved, dear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”)) + -ir (suffix forming infinitives of second conjugation verbs). Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/ 1. To treat with affection, care, and tenderness; to nurture or protect with care. Example: [T]he ſame Sun vvhich only cheriſheth and gently vvarmes his Countrey men, halfe parboyle and tanne other people, and thoſe rayes vvhich ſcorch the aduſted ſoyles of Calabria and Spaine, only varniſh and guild the green hony-ſuckled plaines and hillocks of England; […] Example: But the parent, we will ſuppose, cheriſhes his child with an affectionate indulgent care, and with all the circumſpection and aſſiduity that nature requires, in his infirm helpleſs ſtate of infancy; aſſiſts and cheriſhes his underſtanding, in its tender growth does; his utmoſt, according to his ability, to inculcate and impreſs religious principles, […] 2. To have a deep appreciation of; to hold dear. Example: I cherish your friendship. Example: his long-cherished dream 3. To cheer, to gladden. Labels: obsolete Example: And by the way, as was her wonted guize, / Her merry fitt ſhee freſhly gan to reare, / And did of ioy and iollitie deuize, / Her ſelfe to cheriſh, and her gueſt to cheare: […] Example: The webbe of our life, is of a mingled yarne, good / and ill together: our vertues would bee proud, if our faults / whipt them not, and our crimes would diſpaire if they / were not cheriſh'd by our vertues.
Word: chirp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English *chirpen (attested only in the derivative Middle English chirpinge, cyrpynge, chyrypynge (“chirping”). Compare Middle English chirken and chirmen. More at chirk, chirm. Compare also Middle English chirten (“to smack, chirrup”). Compare German zirpen and Dutch tjirpen. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɜːp/, /t͡ʃɚp/, /t͡ʃɘːp/ 1. A short, sharp or high note or noise, as of a bird or insect. 2. A pulse of signal whose frequency sweeps through a band of frequencies for the duration of the pulse; the quality of having a such a variation in frequency. Example: The long fiber lengths required to linearize the chirp can then be used […]
Word: chirp Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English *chirpen (attested only in the derivative Middle English chirpinge, cyrpynge, chyrypynge (“chirping”). Compare Middle English chirken and chirmen. More at chirk, chirm. Compare also Middle English chirten (“to smack, chirrup”). Compare German zirpen and Dutch tjirpen. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɜːp/, /t͡ʃɚp/, /t͡ʃɘːp/ 1. To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets; to chitter; to twitter. Labels: intransitive Example: "Well, I suppose you didn't come out of the egg either before you could chirp," said the woman who was on the egg. 2. To speak in a high-pitched staccato. Labels: intransitive 3. To modify (a pulse of signal) so that it sweeps through a band of frequencies throughout its duration. Labels: transitive 4. To cheer up; to make (someone) happier. Labels: obsolete, transitive 5. To speak rapid insulting comical banter back and forth; to bicker or argue. Labels: Canada 6. To inform on someone; snitch. Labels: UK, obsolete, slang
Word: chlorination Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- Proto-Hellenic *kʰlōrós Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós) Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Italic *-īnos Latin -īnusder. Old French -inbor. Middle English -in English -ine English chlorine Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātuslbor. English -ate English chlorinate Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion English chlorination From chlorinate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌklɒ.ɹɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act or process of chlorinating something; especially, the addition of chlorine to water to purify it, and a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: Christianization Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Analyzable as Christianize + -ation or Christian + -ization. 1. The act or process of converting or being converted to Christianity. Example: We should not underestimate European laypeople. They were perfectly capable of thinking for themselves, particularly about death, a religious theme in which everyone had an investment and about which everyone was likely to have an opinion. There is no need to invoke the idea of systematic pagan survival to account for this: Europe’s mass Christianization had been a steady if piecemeal process from the sixth century through to the fourteenth.
Word: churlish Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English churlysshe, cherlissh, from late Old English ċeorlisċ, ċierlisċ (“of or pertaining to churls”), equivalent to churl + -ish. Pronunciation: /ˈtʃɜːlɪʃ/, /ˈt͡ʃɝːlɪʃ/ 1. Of or pertaining to a serf, peasant, or rustic. Example: […] the eloquence and truth of his tribute stands in marked contrast to Kramer's churlish caricature of Kael as a happy pig wallowing in the dirt. 2. Rude, surly, ungracious. Example: [A]nd it is without all controuerſie, that learning doth make the minds of men gentle, generous, maniable, and pliant to gouernment; whereas Ignorance makes them churliſh, thwart, and mutinous; […] Example: A Churliſh Envious Curr vvas gotten into a Manger, and there lay Growling and Snarling to keep the Horſes from their Provender. The Dog Eat None himſelf, and yet rather Ventur'd the Starving his Own Carcaſe then he would ſuffer any thing elfe to be the Better for't. 3. Stingy or grudging. 4. Difficult to till, lacking pliancy; unmanageable. Example: 1730–1774, Oliver Goldsmith, Introductory to Switzerland Where the bleak Swiss their stormy mansion tread, And force a churlish soil for scanty bread.
Word: chute Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French chute. Pronunciation: /ʃuːt/, /ʃut/, /ʃʉt/, /ʃɪu̯t/ 1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel. Example: On reaching the slip, the barrow was wheeled off the truck onto a scaffolding gantry built out over the wall, and the concrete tipped down a corrugated iron chute on to a steel plate. 2. A waterfall or rapid. 3. A pen or passageway to constrain the movement of an animal, such as livestock being loaded for transport; the pen in which an animal is confined before being released in a rodeo. 4. An extension to a straightway on either the home stretch or the backstretch, to avoid having a turn at the start of the race.
Word: chute Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of parachute. Pronunciation: /ʃuːt/, /ʃut/, /ʃʉt/, /ʃɪu̯t/ 1. A parachute. Labels: informal Example: Yet the initial IMF rescue plan was far from the parachute which it professed to be – the chute did open briefly but only for it to "Roman candle", the hapless victim left to plummet to earth with a sickening thud. Example: At first, Cyclops's chute began to Roman candle , but in another moment, it popped. 2. A spinnaker. Labels: broadly, slang
Word: chute Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Clipping of parachute. Pronunciation: /ʃuːt/, /ʃut/, /ʃʉt/, /ʃɪu̯t/ 1. To parachute. Labels: informal, intransitive
Word: ciliate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in 1760; borrowed from New Latin ciliātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix). 1. Ciliated, having cilia. Labels: not-comparable 2. Of or pertaining to the eyelash. Labels: not-comparable
Word: ciliate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First attested in 1760; borrowed from New Latin ciliātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix). 1. Any of many protozoa, of the phylum Ciliophora, that have many cilia (fine hairs).
Word: circulation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English circulacioun, from Latin circulatio. Morphologically circulate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌsɜː(ɹ).kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/, /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ 1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: For example, by changing the use of existing rooms, removing or replacing unsightly features, clearing obstacles to easy circulation, rearranging direction signs and generally introducing as much order as possible, most outdated station buildings can be made reasonably efficient and attractive. 3. Currency; circulating coins; notes, bills, etc., current for coin. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The new bills will come into circulation next Friday. 4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measurement of diffusion, especially the number of copies sold of a publication. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: June 1 2016, Karen Roberts in the Evening Express, Aberdeen Journals - The Broad Street Years The reputation and circulation of the paper continued to grow, and the board decided a new custom-built base was required for both the Press and Journal and Evening Express to replace the crumbling, but much loved, Broad Street offices. Example: Print circulation across the top 50 US magazines fell 5% year-on-year. 5. The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In the dead state all is apparently without motion. No agent within indicates design, intelligence, or foresight: there is no respiration; no digestion, circulation, or nutrition; […] 6. The movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: circumnavigation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From circum- + navigation. 1. The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Under our new World may alſo be compriſed thoſe vaſt Southern Coaſts and Streights of Magelan, firſt lighted on by Ferdinandus Magelanus in the year 1520, in his Circumnavigation of the Univerſe ; which forty five years after Sir Francis Drake, and next Sir Thomas Bendiſh, Engliſhmen, made a furhter inſpection into ; and in the Year 1600 Oliver van Noord a Hollander paſt, but of later years a Spaniard, Fedinand de Quier, out-ſhot them all by a more ample Diſcovery then all the former.
Word: circumstance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English circumstaunce, from Old French circonstance, from Latin circumstantia. Pronunciation: /ˈsɜːkəmst(ə)ns/, /-ɑːns/, /-æns/, /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ 1. Something which is related to, or in some way affects, a fact or event. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The report should focus on to the current circumstances of the organisation, to help us find a way to grow in the future. Example: She went missing in somewhat spooky circumstances. 2. An event; a fact; a particular incident, occurrence, or condition (status). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I have ſeen Two or Three antique Buſts of Alexander in the ſame Air and Poſture, and am apt to think the Sculptor had in his Thoughts the Conqueror's weeping for new Worlds, or ſome other the like Circumſtance of his History. Example: Then another circumstance happened, which made a lasting impression on my memory, though I was but a small child. 3. Evasive or indirect language; circumlocution. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: Right, you are in the right, and therefore / I holde it meet without more circumſtance at all, / Wee ſhake hands and part; […] Example: But he (as louing his owne pride, and purpoſes) / Euades them, with a bumbaſt Circumſtance, / Horribly ſtufft with Epithites of warre, 4. Condition in regard to worldly estate; state of property; situation; surroundings. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She was born into comfortable circumstances. Example: When men are eaſy in their circumſtances, they are naturally enemies to innovations: […]
Word: circumstance Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English circumstaunce, from Old French circonstance, from Latin circumstantia. Pronunciation: /ˈsɜːkəmst(ə)ns/, /-ɑːns/, /-æns/, /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ 1. To place in a particular situation, especially with regard to money or other resources. Example: Frank muttered something. Tidings had in some shape reached his ears that his father was not comfortably circumstanced as regarded money. Example: While also taxing Ferrein with the same motives, Diderot's account of his doings is much more circumstanced than La Mettrie's, and also much more amusing, thanks to the interpolation of the «bijoux» motif.
Word: circumstantial Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin circumstantia + English -al, equivalent to circumstance + -ial. Pronunciation: /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, /səːkəmˈstanʃəl/ 1. Pertaining to or dependent on circumstances, especially as opposed to essentials; incidental, not essential. Example: We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in religious worship […] and what is merely circumstantial. Example: Evidence for cannibalism abounds - even if circumstantial - both from the modern world and throughout history, but academic anthropology has found itself in a funk of denial. 2. Involving evidence that relies on inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, thus, suggesting guilt but not directly proving it. Example: It is unlikely he will be convicted; the evidence against him is circumstantial at best. Example: Never, he said, in the course of his long experience, had he known a charge of murder rest on slighter evidence. Not only was it entirely circumstantial, but the greater part of it was practically unproved. 3. Abounding with minor circumstances; in great detail; particular. Example: My Unkle's account is more circumstantial I must confess—but I believe mine is the true one for all that. Example: For although my information appears too direct and circumstantial to be fictitious, yet the magnitude of the enterprise, the desperation of the plan, and the stupendous consequences with which it seems pregnant, stagger my belief […] 4. Full of circumstance or pomp; ceremonial.
Word: circumstantial Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin circumstantia + English -al, equivalent to circumstance + -ial. Pronunciation: /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, /səːkəmˈstanʃəl/ 1. Something incidental to the main subject, but of less importance. Labels: in-plural Example: the circumstantials of religion 2. An adjunct or circumstant.
Word: citation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English citacioun, from Old French citation, from Latin citātiō. By surface analysis, cite + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/, /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃən/, [ˌsaɪˈtʰeɪʃn̩] 1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: No citation was issued upon this appeal returnable to the next term of this court, nor was the record filed and the cause docketed during that term. On the 29th of May, 1865, however, a citation was issued, returnable at this term, and service of this citation was acknowledged by the present district attorney; and the writ was returned and the record filed at this term, under an agreement between the district attorney and the attorney for the claimants, to submit the cause upon printed briefs. Example: In late September, over a three-day period, Placer County conducted 183 stops among riders, some involving groups, which led to 30 citations and 25 e-motorcycles being towed. 2. The paper containing such summons or notice. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. An entry in a list of sources from which information was taken, typically following a prescribed bibliographical style; a reference. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. An instance of having had one's work cited. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She has over 1,000 citations. 6. The passage or words quoted; a quotation. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. A quotation with attached bibliographical details demonstrating the use of a particular lexical item in a dictionary, especially a dictionary on historical principles. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Historically, target words were garnered through focused reading programs and citations were handwritten on slips of paper which were collated alphabetically and stored in drawers for ready access (much like old-fashioned library catalogues). 8. Enumeration; mention. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It's a simple citation of facts. 9. A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law. Labels: countable, uncountable 10. A commendation in recognition of some achievement, or a formal statement of an achievement. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: clamor Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Recorded in English since c. 1385, as Middle English clamour, from Old French clamor (modern clameur), from Latin clāmor (“a shout, cry”), from clāmō (“cry out, complain”). The verb sense "to silence" may have a distinct (unknown) etymology. Pronunciation: /ˈklæm.ɚ/, /ˈkleə̯m.ɚ/, /ˈklɛə̯m.ɚ/, /ˈklæm.ə/ 1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. Labels: US, countable, uncountable Example: For when he knew his Rival freed and gone, / He ſwells with Wrath; he makes outrageous Moan: / He frets, he fumes, he ſtares, he ſtamps the Ground; / The hollow Tow'r with Clamours rings around: […] 2. Any loud and continued noise. Labels: US, countable, uncountable 3. A continued public expression, often of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry. Labels: US, countable, uncountable