nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: coop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cǒupe, cupe, from Old English cȳpe (“basket, cask”) or possibly from Middle Dutch cûpe (compare modern Dutch kuip, Saterland Frisian kupe, Middle Low German kûpe), from Old Saxon *kûpa, côpa (“cask”) (compare Middle Low German kôpe, Old High German chôfa, chuofa, Middle High German kuofe, modern regional German Kufe f (“cask”)), probably from Latin cūpa, Medieval Latin cōpa (“cask”) (thus a doublet of coupe, cup, and keeve). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that if the word is from Latin, “it is difficult to account for the umlaut in Old English cýpe”. Pronunciation: /kuːp/, /kup/, /kʉːp/, /kʉp/, /kʊp/ 1. A basket, pen or enclosure for birds or small animals. Example: Poorly ventilated coops are likely to result in losses by suffocation, particularly during hot weather, when the coops are overcrowded. The bottom of the coop should be built solid of one-half-inch boards to prevent the birds' toes from sticking through and being injured. Example: "Well," said Calvin, "we could go over to the chicken coop this afternoon when all the hens are inside laying eggs. We might find some clues." 2. A wickerwork basket (kipe) or other enclosure for catching fish. Example: Falling in with a shoal of porpoises the vessel should be prepared with coops manufactured of copper wire, or other substance of great elasticity and strength; these coops to be lowered by blocks and pulleys in every direction round the vessel, and to be in the same manner hoisted when entered by the fish. Example: At a Court held 10th December, 1868, the Special Commissioners for English Fisheries made an order declaring to be legal, subject to certain alterations, a coop or fishing apparatus of the respondent, situated at Salmon Hall, near Workington, in the river Derwent, in the county of Cumberland, which the respondent claimed to use as legal. […] The said coop is a fishing-box or apparatus inserted in or forming part of the structure of a dam built across the river Derwent, […] 3. A narrow place of confinement, a cage; a jail, a prison. Labels: figuratively, slang Example: 'Tis the cruel gripe, / That lean hard-handed poverty inflicts, / The hope of better things, the chance to win, / The wiſh to ſhine, the thirſt to be amus'd, / That at the found of Winter's hoary wing, / Unpeople all our counties, of ſuch herds, / Of flutt'ring, loit'ring, cringing, begging, looſe, / And wanton vagrants, as make London, vaſt / And boundless as it is, a crowded coop. Example: Why think to shut up all things in your narrow coop, when we know there are not one or two only, but ten, twenty, a thousand things, and unlike? 4. A barrel or cask for holding liquids. Labels: obsolete Example: COOP. n. ſ. [kuype, Dutch.] 1. A barrel; a veſſel for the preſervation of liquids. Example: COOP, n. […] 3. A barrel or cask for the preservation of liquors. 5. An obstacle for a horse to jump over, shaped like an A-frame.
Word: coop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Possibly from coop, above. Sense 2 may be from English coup (“to tilt, overturn, upset”). Pronunciation: /kuːp/, /kaʊp/ 1. A cart with sides and ends made from boards, enabling it to carry manure, etc. Labels: England, Scotland, regional Example: Fan Coops an' Carts were unco rare, / An' Creels, an' Corrocks boot to ſair. […] 2. A cart which opens at the back to release its load; a tumbril. Labels: England, Scotland, regional Example: COOP, […] A cart, the box of which moves upon its shafts by hinges, by which means it may be emptied of its load without unyoking the horse, S. "The body of the cowp-cart is attached to the shafts by a peculiar kind of hinges, which allow of elevating it before, either partially or entirely, to facilitate the discharge of its load backwards, either by degrees into small heaps, or at once, without the trouble of unyoking the shaft horse." Agr. Surv. of Berw. p. 167. As used in the latter sense, the term is obviously from the v. to Coup, to overturn.
Word: coop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Uncertain; compare English cop (“top, summit (especially of a hill); head”). 1. A small heap. Labels: Scotland Example: COOP, s[ubstantive] A small heap, as, "A coop of muck," a heap of dung; Lanarks[hire].
Word: coop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cooperative, by shortening. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊ.ɒp/, /ˈkoʊ.ɑp/ 1. Alternative form of co-op. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: casual Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French casuel, from Late Latin cāsuālis (“happening by chance”), from Latin cāsus (“event”) (English case), from cadere (“to fall”) (whence English cadence). Pronunciation: /ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/, /ˈkaʒjuːəl/, /ˈkazjuːəl/, /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, /ˈkæʒwəl/ 1. Happening by chance. Example: They only had casual meetings. Example: casual breaks, in the general system 2. Coming without regularity; occasional or incidental. Example: The purchase of donuts was just a casual expense. Example: a constant habit, rather than a casual gesture 3. Employed irregularly. Example: He was just a casual worker. Example: This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched room near the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything. In a moment she had dropped to the level of a casual labourer. 4. Careless. Example: I removed my jacket and threw it casually over the back of the settee. 5. Happening or coming to pass without design. Example: It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face. Example: Hogan assumed the entire creek bed was to be played as a casual hazard, moved his ball out and assessed himself a one-stroke penalty. 6. Informal; relaxed. Example: tone in casual interactions 7. Designed for informal or everyday use. Example: pants in the casual wear collection
Word: casual Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French casuel, from Late Latin cāsuālis (“happening by chance”), from Latin cāsus (“event”) (English case), from cadere (“to fall”) (whence English cadence). Pronunciation: /ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/, /ˈkaʒjuːəl/, /ˈkazjuːəl/, /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, /ˈkæʒwəl/ 1. A worker who is only working for a company occasionally, not as its permanent employee. Labels: Australia, New-Zealand, UK 2. A worker who is doing a particular type of job temporarily, not as a lifetime career. Example: Of the scavagers proper there are, as in all classes of unskilled labour, that is to say, of labour which requires no previous apprenticeship, and to which any one can “turn his hand” on an emergency, two distinct orders of workmen, “the regulars and casuals” to adopt the trade terms; that is to say, the labourers consist of those who have been many years at the trade, constantly employed at it, and those who have but recently taken to it as a means of obtaining a subsistence after their ordinary resources have failed. 3. A soldier temporarily at a place of duty, usually en route to another place of duty. 4. A member of a group of football hooligans who wear expensive designer clothing to avoid police attention; see casual (subculture). Labels: UK, historical Example: At 15, he became a casual: one of the label-wearing, wedge-flicking, swaggering hooligan peacock boys who dominated the north-west when I was growing up. Casuals were working-class lads (called Perry boys in Manchester) who loved football, fighting and brilliant sportswear. 5. One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he or she does not belong; a vagrant in the casual ward. Labels: UK, historical Example: During the great prevalence of vagrancy, the cost of the sick was far greater than the expense of relief. In the quarter ending June 1848, no less than 322 casuals were under medical treatment, either in the workhouse of the Wandsworth and Clapham union or at the London Fever Hospital. 6. A player of casual games. Labels: derogatory, informal Example: The devs dumbed the game down so the casuals could enjoy it. 7. A person whose engagement with media is relaxed or superficial. Labels: slang Example: Casuals outnumbered regulars in the art-house audience two to one. Example: Most often, when a series is marketed toward casuals, the loyals feel that their interests and needs are not being met. 8. A tramp. Labels: UK, dated Example: I was a boy in 1922 or 1923, when buses first started to run between the village and the town; there were tramps, casuals as they were called; the whole pattern of my boyhood was knit into a very loaded atmosphere of human character. 9. Shoes suitable for everyday use, as opposed to more formal footwear. Labels: in-plural Example: Next spring you’ll see more women than ever wearing “casuals” and “flats,” the shoes with the wedge heels or no heels at all. Example: In girls wearing casuals, ugly hypertrophied skin over the heels was frequently noted, probably due to the loose shoe moving as they walked.
Word: catalepsy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek κατάληψις (katálēpsis, “act of seizing”), from καταλαμβάνω (katalambánō, “to seize”), from κατά (katá, “against”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “to take”). By surface analysis, cata- + -lepsy. Pronunciation: /ˈkætəˌlɛpsi/ 1. A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions. Example: "But they could not have been asleep!" cried Lord John. "Dash it all, Challenger, you don't mean to believe that those folk were asleep with their staring eyes and stiff limbs and that awful death grin on their faces!" "It can only have been the condition that is called catalepsy," said Challenger. Example: I was furious with Edgar Allan Poe for writing so accurately about this. His tales of catalepsy and live burial poisoned my childhood, and still killed me.
Word: pizzle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch Low Saxon pesel or West Flemish pezel, diminutive of Middle Dutch pese (“a sinew, tendon, string, pizzle”), from Old Dutch *pisa (“sinew, string, fibre”), possibly ultimately related to vezel (“fiber”), from Proto-West Germanic *fas-il-, from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”) (see Old High German faso (“fiber”)); in which case this alternation *pes- / *fes- may indicate a repeated borrowing from a (non-Indo-European?) substrate language. Cognate with Dutch pees, Middle Low German pese (“tendon, bowstring”), Dutch pees (“sinew, tendon”), German Low German Peserick, Pesel (“pizzle”), dialectal German Pisel (“penis”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɪzl̩/ 1. The penis of an animal. Example: Although, if in the lion the position of the pizzle be proper, and that the natural situation, it will be hard to make out their retrocopulation, or their coupling and pissing backward, according to the determination of Aristotle [...]. 2. The penis of an animal. 3. The penis of an animal. 4. A baton made from the penis of an ox, once used to beat men and animals.
Word: pizzle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Dutch Low Saxon pesel or West Flemish pezel, diminutive of Middle Dutch pese (“a sinew, tendon, string, pizzle”), from Old Dutch *pisa (“sinew, string, fibre”), possibly ultimately related to vezel (“fiber”), from Proto-West Germanic *fas-il-, from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”) (see Old High German faso (“fiber”)); in which case this alternation *pes- / *fes- may indicate a repeated borrowing from a (non-Indo-European?) substrate language. Cognate with Dutch pees, Middle Low German pese (“tendon, bowstring”), Dutch pees (“sinew, tendon”), German Low German Peserick, Pesel (“pizzle”), dialectal German Pisel (“penis”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɪzl̩/ 1. To beat (with a pizzle). Labels: rare, transitive Example: Next Morning I went into his Room, and took hold of his Pizzle.―He jump'd out of Bed, and ſnatch'd it from me, and ſwore, he valued his Pizzle as he valued his Life, and would as ſoon loſe an Inch of one as t'other, for he he kept it on Purpoſe to pizzle the Bitch his Wife. Example: [A] preliminary caucus was held, "a sort of dodge on the sly", a closed door affair, at the Executive mansion, to "settle the hash" of those who might be tender-footed or disposed to bolt, and to pizzle them into arrangements.
Word: debunk Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin dē-der. English de- English bunkumclip. English bunk English debunk From de- (“away”) + bunk (“nonsense”) (from bunkum, from Buncombe County) 1923. Pronunciation: /diːˈbʌŋk/, /diːˈbʊŋk/, /dɪˈbʌŋk/, /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/, /dɪˈbɐŋk/ 1. To discredit, or expose to ridicule the falsehood or the exaggerated claims of something; to refute. Labels: transitive Example: The explosion story was thoroughly debunked on National Public Radio in November 1999. Example: debunk a theory
Word: debunk Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *-h₁ Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ Proto-Italic *dē Latin dē Latin dē-der. English de- English bunkumclip. English bunk English debunk From de- (“away”) + bunk (“nonsense”) (from bunkum, from Buncombe County) 1923. Pronunciation: /diːˈbʌŋk/, /diːˈbʊŋk/, /dɪˈbʌŋk/, /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/, /dɪˈbɐŋk/ 1. A debunking; the act by which something is debunked. Labels: informal
Word: vibraphone Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English vibra(to) Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der. Proto-Hellenic *pʰōnā́ Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ)der. English -phone English vibraphone From vibra(to) + -phone. Pronunciation: /ˈvɑɪ.bɹəˌfəʊn/ 1. A percussion instrument with a double row of tuned metal bars, each above a tubular resonator containing a motor-driven rotating vane, giving a vibrato effect.
Word: journal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (whence modern French journal), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/, /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ 1. A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook. 2. A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject. Example: The university's biology department subscribes to half a dozen academic journals. 3. A chronological record of payments or receipts. 4. A general journal. 5. A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.
Word: journal Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (whence modern French journal), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/, /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ 1. To archive or record something. Labels: transitive 2. To scrapbook. Labels: intransitive, transitive Example: Coffee shops-cum-meeting-spots dotted across the city are teeming (Equator, Blue Bottle and Saint Frank). Caffeine-fuelled, lactose-intolerant, macadamia milk latte-drinking young folk are journalling, manifesting, coding, ChatGPT-ing and pitching their ideas.
Word: journal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal (“daily”), from Old French jornel (“day”) (whence modern French journal), from Latin diurnālis, from diurnus (“of the day”). Doublet of diurnal and the journal from French. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/, /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ 1. Daily. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: […]his faint ſteedes watred in Ocean deepe, / Whiles from their iournall labours they did reſt[…].
Word: journal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French journal. Doublet of diurnal and the journal from Middle English. 1. The amount of land that can be worked in a day. Example: Yet the whole extent of cultured country, or all the fields actually cultivated for the ſupport of the inhabitants, will hardly exceed two millions of journaux (or day’s work); above three millions lie entirely waſte; and 850,000 journaux are covered with ſand. Example: The extent of these “Métairies” varies according to the number of the family of the métayer, and the nature of the soil, from 65 journaux (52 statute acres) to 30 journaux (24 acres), for the métayer generally endeavours to cultivate the land he holds, without the help of hired servants or labourers. Average land producing rye ought to be worth to the métayer 7 francs (5 s. 7 d.) per journaux (four-fifths of an acre); that producing wheat 25 francs (1 l.) per acre. The only land farmed is meadow land, situated in the lower part of Médoc, called “Bas Médoc,” and a part of the district of Blaye, which is let, at an average, 80 francs (3 l. 4 s.) the journaux (four-fifths of an acre).[…]The best wheat land gives 10 hectolitres per journaux, that is, three quarters and four-sevenths per four-fifths of an acre. The worst three hectolitres (1 quarter per four-fifths of an acre,) or one journal. Rye gives six hectolitres per journaux (2 quarters per four-fifths of an acre). Oats sometimes 25 hectolitres per journaux (8 quarters and 13-14ths, per four-fifths of an acre).
Word: journal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown, apparently of Scots origin. Perhaps from chirnel, from English kernel (“lump in the flesh”), owing to resemblance in shape. 1. the part of a rotating shaft or axle that rests on the bearing
Word: journal Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Unknown, apparently of Scots origin. Perhaps from chirnel, from English kernel (“lump in the flesh”), owing to resemblance in shape. 1. To insert (a shaft, an axle, etc.) into a journal bearing. Labels: transitive Example: In a harvester binder having a hollow shaft journalled at right angles to the main axle and driving motion from the main driving wheel, a spindle journalled within the hollow shaft and having the needle attached to one of its ends[…] Example: The cranks are placed upon posts, rafts, or boats in the stream, and journalled at the water-line, thus keeping one-half of the paddle-surface in action, while the common floating-wheel, or current-wheel, only keeps one[…]
Word: vaccine Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin vaccīnus (“of or derived from a cow”), from vacca (“cow (female cattle)”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Sense 1 refers to the early use of the cowpox virus as a vaccination against smallpox: see New Latin variolae vaccīnae (“cowpox”, plural, literally “infectious diseases of cattle causing pustules”), coined by the British physician and scientist Edward Jenner (1749–1823). Pronunciation: /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ 1. Of, pertaining to, caused by, or characteristic of cowpox. Labels: historical, not-comparable 2. Of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; also, of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination. Labels: historical, not-comparable Example: I will call upon them: they are healthy children, we can have the vaccine infection from them, and I will inoculate the boy myself. 3. Of, pertaining to, or derived from cattle. Labels: archaic, not-comparable Example: [M]y play could not have been written but for the work done by Sir Almroth Wright in the theory and practice of securing immunization from bacterial diseases by the inoculation of "vaccines" made of their own bacteria: a practice incorrectly called vaccinetherapy (there is nothing vaccine about it) apparently because it is what vaccination ought to be and is not.
Word: vaccine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is probably partly: * derived from vaccine (adjective) (see etymology 1); and * borrowed from French vaccine (“cowpox (short for variole vaccine); vaccination against smallpox using material from cowpox”), vaccin (“cowpox material used for smallpox vaccination”), both noun uses of vaccin (adjective), from Latin vaccīnus (see etymology 1). The verb is derived from the noun. Cognates * Italian vaccina * Portuguese vacina * Spanish vacuna Pronunciation: /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ 1. A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I am much inclined to the vaccine. My friend, Mr. L—, has had all his children vaccined, and I just wait to see the effect. Example: But he really ought to know the difference between a vaccine and an anti-toxin. Stimulate the phagocytes! The vaccine doesnt affect the phagocytes at all. 2. The process of vaccination; immunization, inoculation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: My dog has had two vaccines this year. 3. The material taken from cowpox pustules used for vaccination against smallpox. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable 4. The disease cowpox, especially as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox. Labels: also, countable, obsolete, uncountable 5. Something defensive or protective in nature, like a vaccine (sense 1.1). Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable 6. A software program which protects computers against, or detects and neutralizes, computer viruses and other types of malware; an antivirus. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable
Word: vaccine Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The noun is probably partly: * derived from vaccine (adjective) (see etymology 1); and * borrowed from French vaccine (“cowpox (short for variole vaccine); vaccination against smallpox using material from cowpox”), vaccin (“cowpox material used for smallpox vaccination”), both noun uses of vaccin (adjective), from Latin vaccīnus (see etymology 1). The verb is derived from the noun. Cognates * Italian vaccina * Portuguese vacina * Spanish vacuna Pronunciation: /vækˈsin/, /ˈvækˌsin/ 1. Synonym of vaccinate (“to treat (a person or an animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease”). Labels: archaic, transitive Example: [S]ince you have decided that the boy shall be vaccined, let us send directly for the surgeon and have it done, and then he will be safe.
Word: uzi Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after Uziel Gal (1923–2002), the Israeli army officer who designed it. Pronunciation: /ˈuːzi/ 1. A type of compact submachine gun, having a caliber of 9 millimeters with ammunition housed in the grip of the weapon.
Word: bifurcate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bifurcātus. Surface Analysis bi- + furcate. Pronunciation: /ˈbaɪfəˌkeɪt/, /ˈbaɪfɚˌkeɪt/ 1. To divide or fork into two channels or branches. Labels: intransitive Example: A considerable switch is to take place between Charing Cross and Cannon Street as termini for existing trains, in order to develop parallel working over the flat junction at Borough Market, where the two routes bifurcate (four tracks to Cannon Street and two to Charing Cross), as many as 20 times in the maximum hour, when the junction will handle 104 trains in all. Example: Elizabeth's disturbing presentation of herself as both virginal and sexual bifurcated after her death into opinion about whether she was virginal or sexual, so that on the one hand Elizabeth was apotheosized as the saint who through her refusal to marry had kept England Protestant and free, while on the other hand she was still the object of detraction by persons such as “one Sheapheard, a barrister of Lincolns Inn, [and] a base Jesuited papist,” who during James I's reign uttered ”base and scandalous” words regarding the late queen's honor. 2. To cause to bifurcate. Labels: transitive Example: The forces that reduce two people to a Goodreads recommendation have bifurcated us politically, and that day we saw the virtual, intangible dangers of this attention economy turn very real: thousands of violent rioters, radicalised online, seemingly brainwashed, fighting with guns for a lie.
Word: bifurcate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bifurcātus. Surface Analysis bi- + furcate. Pronunciation: /baɪˈfɛːkɪt/, /baɪˈfɛːkeɪt/, /baɪˈfɚkət/, /baɪˈfɚkeɪt/ 1. Divided or forked into two; bifurcated. Labels: not-comparable 2. Having bifurcations. Labels: not-comparable
Word: tritium Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from New Latin tritium, from Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third”) + New Latin -ium. By surface analysis, trit- + -ium. Pronunciation: /ˈtɹɪt.i.əm/, /ˈtrɪʃ.i.əm/, /ˈtrɪʃ.əm/ 1. A radioactive isotope of the element hydrogen (symbol T, ³H or 31H) having one proton and two neutrons. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. An atom of this isotope. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Electrochemical polymerization of the 1,2-tritiated monomer produced a polymer in which all of the tritiums were eliminated except for those located at the ends of the chains
Word: isotope Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From iso- (“equal”) + -tope (“place”), because the different isotopes of an element always occupy the same place in the periodic table. The term was coined by Scottish doctor Margaret Todd in 1909 and first used publicly on February 27, 1913 by English chemist Frederick Soddy. Pronunciation: /ˈaɪ.sə.təʊp/, /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ 1. Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.
Word: isotope Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Possible back-formation from isotopy. Pronunciation: /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ 1. To define or demonstrate an isotopy of (one map with another). Labels: transitive
Word: radioactive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Coined by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in 1898 as French radio-actif, equivalent to English radio- + active. Pronunciation: /ˌɹeɪdiəʊˈaktɪv/, /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ 1. Exhibiting radioactivity. Example: As a matter of fact many of our best drinking waters have all sorts of unspecified qualities. Burton water, for example, is radioactive by Beetham's standards up to the ninth degree. Example: Today, no one would intentionally smear radioactive materials on their face, but in 1933, the dangers of radioactivity were not yet fully understood. 2. Dangerous and disgusting, particularly of people or ideas. Labels: figuratively, rare Example: Even sleazy tactics and his radioactive mouth may not be able to contain this debacle. Example: It was as though he was possessed of an invisible aura repelling incoming bodies. ‘Look. No one wants to be associated with him now. He’s become radioactive.’
Word: radioactive Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Coined by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in 1898 as French radio-actif, equivalent to English radio- + active. Pronunciation: /ˌɹeɪdiəʊˈaktɪv/, /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ 1. Any radioactive substance. Example: Any ship nearby will receive a lethal dose of gamma rays, neutrons, and other radioactives.
Word: radioactivity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From radioactive + -ity or radio- + activity. Pronunciation: /ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/ 1. Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Today, no one would intentionally smear radioactive materials on their face, but in 1933, the dangers of radioactivity were not yet fully understood. 2. The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: Tatler Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈtætlə(ɹ)/ 1. An English surname of uncertain origin.
Word: gamma ray Part of Speech: noun 1. Very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of radioactivity. Example: Doc Bruce Banner, belted by gamma rays, Turns into the Hulk – Ain’t he unglamour-rays [=unglamorous]! Example: There’s a tongue-in-cheek book titled “Learn Greek in 25 years,” but you’ll be surprised at how straightforward it is to learn the alphabet: those alpha males, beta releases and gamma rays have seen to that.
Word: William Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English William, from Anglo-Norman Willame, from Old High German Willahelm, from Proto-Germanic *Wiljahelmaz (> Latin Gulielmus), from Proto-Germanic *wiljô (“will”) + *helmaz (“helmet”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European roots *welh₁- (“to choose, wish, want”) and *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal, save”) respectively. Cognate with Dutch Willem, German Wilhelm, etc.; cognate borrowings outside of Germanic include Guillaume and Guillermo. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪl.i.əm/, /ˈwɪl.jəm/ 1. radiotelephony clear-code word for the letter W.
Word: William Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Middle English William, from Anglo-Norman Willame, from Old High German Willahelm, from Proto-Germanic *Wiljahelmaz (> Latin Gulielmus), from Proto-Germanic *wiljô (“will”) + *helmaz (“helmet”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European roots *welh₁- (“to choose, wish, want”) and *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal, save”) respectively. Cognate with Dutch Willem, German Wilhelm, etc.; cognate borrowings outside of Germanic include Guillaume and Guillermo. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪl.i.əm/, /ˈwɪl.jəm/ 1. A male given name from the Germanic languages popular since the Norman Conquest. Example: This name hath been most common in England since King William the Conquerour, insomuch that upon a festival day in the Court of King Henry the Second, when Sir William Saint-John, and Sir William Fitz-Hamon, especial Officers, had commanded that none but of the name of William should dine in the great Chamber with them, they were accompanied with a hundred and twenty Williams. Example: But we have known Williams and Richards, names not found in sacred story, but familiar to our country, prove as gracious saints as any Safe deliverance, Fight the good fight of faith, or such like, 2. A surname.
Word: indulgence Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English indulgence, indulgens, from Middle French indulgence and its source, Latin indulgentia. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈdʌl.d͡ʒəns/ 1. The act of indulging. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: will all they that either through indulgence to others or fondness to any sin in themselves, substitute for repentance any thing that is less than a sincere, uniform resolution of new obedience Example: As indulgence in several wives depended mainly on the length of a man's purse, the poor naturally contented themselves with monogamy. 2. Tolerance. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of catering to someone's every desire. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A wish or whim satisfied. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: "In other words, the ONLY indulgences we'll be getting for a while is fixing your wardrobe. This means no new manga. No new games. Nothing. Get used to it." 5. Something in which someone indulges. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I made but one error—giving way to petulance in the earlier instance; that lost me the Prince of Conti. Temper is bourgeois indulgence, though I own to a predilection for it. 6. An indulgent act; a favour granted; gratification. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: If all these gracious indulgences are without any effect on us, we must perish in our own folly. 7. A pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: To understand how indulgences were intended to work depends on linking together a number of assumptions about sin and the afterlife, each of which individually makes considerable sense.
Word: indulgence Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English indulgence, indulgens, from Middle French indulgence and its source, Latin indulgentia. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈdʌl.d͡ʒəns/ 1. To provide with an indulgence. Labels: transitive
Word: alpha particle Part of Speech: noun 1. A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity. Example: Holonyms: alpha ray, alpha radiation
Word: brody Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /bɹoʊdi/, /bɹəʊdi/ 1. Intentionally spinning in circles and sliding in an automobile. Labels: slang Example: I spun a brody in some chat up at the old zinc mine.
Word: spontaneous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Latin sponte Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Indo-European *-éyos Proto-Italic *-ejos Proto-Italic *-eos Latin -eus Latin -āneus Late Latin spontāneuslbor. English spontaneous Learned borrowing from Late Latin spontāneus. Pronunciation: /spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/, /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ 1. Self-directed; happening or acting without external cause or instigation; proceeding from natural feeling, temperament, or momentary impulse. Example: He made a spontaneous offer of help. Example: Lady Bertram agreed to it all with a calm “Yes”; and at the end of a quarter of an hour’s silent consideration spontaneously observed, “Sir Thomas, I have been thinking—and I am very glad we took Fanny as we did, for now the others are away we feel the good of it.” 2. Done by one's own free choice, or without planning. Example: YSL, as he is often called, is equally capable of casual, aristocratic cruelty and earthy, spontaneous tenderness, and when you study his face it can be hard to distinguish boredom from rapture. 3. Controlled and directed internally; self-active; spontaneous movement characteristic of living things. 4. Produced without being planted or without human cultivation or labor. Example: He persisted in his design; and, because he would not make his wants known, actually subsisted for several days on hips, haws and sloes, and other spontaneous fruits which he gathered in the woods and fields. 5. Sudden, without warning. 6. Said or done without prior planning or prior writing. Example: He made a spontaneous remarks in the court.
Word: kowtow Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From either Cantonese 叩頭 /叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) or Mandarin 叩頭 /叩头 (kòutóu). Literally, “knock head”. Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/ 1. To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground. Labels: historical, intransitive Example: When the weather turned cold, the tears that he shed would become frozen like veins; the blood on his forehead from kowtowing would also freeze and would not drip. 2. To grovel, act in a very submissive manner; to show obeisance to (someone or something) in such a manner; to bow. Labels: figuratively, intransitive Example: I suppose you're going to be nice to Odie and kowtow to Jon and lick the mailman's boots! I don't like you already. Example: The letter to Razin contained another thought that preoccupied Stalin in the first months after the war: the need to avoid “kowtowing to the West,” including showing “unwarranted respect” for the “military authorities of Germany.” 3. To bow very deeply. Labels: intransitive
Word: kowtow Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From either Cantonese 叩頭 /叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) or Mandarin 叩頭 /叩头 (kòutóu). Literally, “knock head”. Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/ 1. The act of kowtowing. Labels: intransitive Example: Three elders dressed in their long silk ceremonial gowns perform the kowtow before the altar in their clan ancestral hall.
Word: unstable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English unstable; equivalent to un- (not) + stable. Pronunciation: /ʌnˈsteɪ.bəl/ 1. Not stable. Example: unstable foundation Example: The structure is too unstable to stand safely. 2. Having a strong tendency to change. Example: The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania.[…]It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped. 3. Fluctuating; not constant. Example: politically unstable Example: The political situation remains unstable. 4. Fickle. Labels: figuratively 5. Unpredictable. Labels: figuratively Example: All of the characters in Rocko's Modern Life are anthropomorphic animals of varying species, the vast majority of whom are mentally unstable. Murray said that he matched personalities of his characters to the various animals in the series to form a social caricature. 6. Readily decomposable. Example: chemically unstable 7. Radioactive, especially with a short half-life.
Word: unstable Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂éntsder. Proto-Germanic *anda- Proto-West Germanic *anda- Old English and- Old English on- Middle English on- English un- English stable English unstable From un- (reversive prefix) + stable. Pronunciation: /ʌnˈsteɪ.bəl/ 1. To release (an animal) from a stable. Labels: transitive Example: When the last tune of music floated from the fleet, he unstabled his quarter horse and headed for the coastal road leading west and north on his circuit.
Word: notify Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English notifien, a borrowing from Old French notifier, notefiier. Pronunciation: /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/ 1. To give (someone) notice (of some event). Labels: transitive Example: The dispatcher immediately notified the volunteer fire department of the emergency call. Example: Once a decision has been reached and notified to the parties it becomes binding. 2. To make (something) known. Labels: obsolete, transitive 3. To make note of (something). Labels: obsolete, transitive
Word: half-life Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From half- + life. Pronunciation: /ˈhæfˌlaɪf/ 1. The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay. Example: "The guy that just left—what's he got in his lungs?" / "Well, I'm not very sure. But the two best candidates are uranium-233 and plutonium-239, one or both." / "They're in his bones too, aren't they?" / "Yeah, they're both boneseekers. And they've got half-lives of one hundred sixty-two thousand and twenty-four thousand years respectively. So they stay hot for a long time." Example: O₂^(•−) and OH^• are highly unstable (half-life at the level of microseconds and nanoseconds, respectively) and cannot cross membrane, while H₂O₂, though not a free radical but a ROS, is relatively stable (half-life around 1 ms) (Møller et al. 2007) and can cross membranes through aquaporins. 2. In a chemical reaction, the time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall from a chosen value to half that value. Labels: physical 3. The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacological, physiologic, or radiological activity. Example: For nonporous surfaces such as steel, in a dark and low-humidity environment, the CCP virus has an 18-hour half-life—the time required for it to decrease by half , according to the researchers' findings. 4. The amount of time it takes for an idea or a fashion to lose half of its influential power. Example: Most books of scholarship have surprisingly short intellectual half-lives during which they make a difference"
Word: exponential Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English exponent Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial English exponential From exponent + -ial. Pronunciation: /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/, /ˌɛk.spəʊˈnɛn.tʃəl/, /ˌɛk.spoʊˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/, /ˌek.spəˈnen.t͡ʃəl/ 1. Expressed in terms of an exponent (power of a base), the base often being 10 or e. Example: In base-10 exponential form, 1,000,000 is written as 10⁶. Example: If not otherwise specified, "the" exponential function is normally understood to mean eˣ. 2. Characterised by a rate of change that is proportional to the value of the varying quantity, or, equivalently, by a doubling or halving over successive fixed intervals of time or other parameter, described as exponential growth or exponential decay. Example: There were two deaths on Monday, four on Tuesday, and eight on Wednesday. The rate of increase seems exponential. Example: ... Students apply the definition of slope to various representations of growth functions to discover differences between exponential and constant rate of growth. 3. Characterised by a very rapid rate of change, especially increase, or merely a very large amount or degree. Labels: broadly Example: Near-synonyms: extreme, huge Example: There's been an exponential rise in the number of crimes reported this year, compared to last year.
Word: exponential Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English exponent Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial English exponential From exponent + -ial. Pronunciation: /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/, /ˌɛk.spəʊˈnɛn.tʃəl/, /ˌɛk.spoʊˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/, /ˌek.spəˈnen.t͡ʃəl/ 1. Any function that has an exponent as an independent variable.
Word: exponent Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin expōnēns, present participle of expōnō (“to expose; to exhibit, display, set out; to explain”), from ex- (“out, away”) + pōnō (“to lay, place, put”). Pronunciation: /ɛkˈspəʊ.nənt/, /ˈɛk.spə.nənt/, /ɪkˈspəʊ.nənt/, /ɛkˈspoʊ.nənt/, /ˈɛk.spoʊ.nənt/ 1. One who expounds, represents or advocates. Example: Like attracts like," explained Mrs. Mailey, who was quite as capable an exponent as her husband. Example: To think of Kant as an exponent of virtue may seem to some readers itself novel and not easily associated with the Kant familiar to discussions of justice and rights. 2. The number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2³=8. 3. The degree to which the root of a radicand is found, for example, the 2 in ^(2])√=b. Labels: obsolete Example: A Power that hath neither the Signs #43; or - before it, is look'd upon as Affirmative, and if it be preceded by a Number that contains the Root ſought and its Exponent may be commenſured by the Exponent of the Root; namely for the Square Root by 2, for the Cube by 3, &c. it will contain the Root ſought. Example: And univerſally the Exponent of the m Power, is m times the Exponent of the Root, and the Exponent of the m-Root (or #92;frac#123;1#125;#123;m#125; Power) is #92;frac#123;1#125;#123;m#125; times the Exponent of the Root. 4. A phonological manifestation of a morphosyntactic property; in layman's terms, the expression of one or more grammatical properties by sound. Example: However, there have been no examples presented of gender systems where the plain n triggers one exponent for gender agreement, and the male and female ns together trigger a different exponent. 5. The part of a floating-point number that represents its exponent value.
Word: exponential growth Part of Speech: noun 1. The growth in the value of a quantity in which the rate of growth is proportional to the instantaneous value of the quantity; for example, when the value has doubled, the rate of increase will also have doubled. The rate may be positive or negative. Labels: uncountable, usually 2. Very rapid growth. Labels: broadly, proscribed, uncountable, usually
Word: exponentially Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree English exponent Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisder. Old French -ialder. Middle English -ial English -ial English exponential Proto-Indo-European *leyg-der. Proto-Germanic *līkąder. Proto-Germanic *-līkaz Proto-Germanic *-ê Proto-Germanic *-līkê Proto-West Germanic *-līkē Old English -līċe Middle English -ly English -ly English exponentially From exponential + -ly. Pronunciation: /ɛkspə(ʊ)ˈnɛnʃəli/ 1. In an exponential manner. Example: But every known algorithm for this problem requires a number of steps that increases exponentially as n increases. Example: Therefore, if absorption causes an attenuation of the oscillation amplitude, the temperature must decrease exponentially with increasing thickness. 2. rapidly, greatly Labels: proscribed Example: The more serious a Christian is about God's kingdom, the more exponentially complicating that venture is […] Example: He'd felt like Kathryn's soul was in her eyes as she'd regarded him for those precious few seconds... and her spirit was even more exponentially beautiful than […]
Word: gunmetal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From gun + metal. Pronunciation: /ˈɡʌnmɛt(ə)l/, /-ɾ(ə)l/ 1. A type of bronze used for making cannons. Labels: countable, historical, uncountable Example: The beſt Guns are not made of malleable Metal, and cannot be made of pure Copper or Braß; but it is neceſſary to put in courſer Metals to make it run cloſer and ſounder, as Lead and Pot-metal. […] About 20l. of Lead is uſually put into 100l. of Pot-metal; but about 6l. is ſufficient to put into 100l. of Gun-metal. Example: Braſs, Copper, Latten, Bell-Metal, Pan-Metal, Gun-Metal, or Shruff-Metal, whether clean or mixed, carried beyond Sea, forfeits double the Value thereof; (Tin and Lead only excepted) the Informer half, […] 2. An alloy of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc, originally used for making guns. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The pump [of the steam fire-engine], being at the forward end, was made of gun metal and was double acting, having eight brass suction-valves, four on each side, and four discharge valves, opening into the air vessels, to which a double discharge valve, having one opening on the inside and two on the outside, was attached for the purpose of using two lines of hose. Example: It is three tiers high inside the prison and everything is the color of gunmetal. Everything is dark and cold, except for those patches of light, where authority stands. 3. A dark grey or bluish-grey colour; gunmetal grey. Labels: also, attributive, countable, uncountable Example: Yet even asleep, a Sabre, Jaguar, Harrier, Phantom, Falcon or Eagle holds the eye as a design classic, and that worrisome beauty is still there close up—the cared for, nurtured, spoiled feel, the expensive finish, the quality of the materials, the craftsmanship evident in the flush rivets, the highly polished canopy, the gunmetal sheen of the external instrument sensors, each carefully protected by rubber sheaths with flapping red tags to remind the pilot to take them off before flight.
Word: fuller Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From full. Pronunciation: /ˈfʊ.lə/, /ˈfʊ.ləɹ/ 1. comparative form of full: more full Labels: comparative, form-of Example: Comment must be circumspect until fuller particulars are available, [...].
Word: fuller Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English fullere, from Old English fullere, from Latin fullō (“fuller”) + -ere; equivalent to full (“to densen cloth”) + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈfʊ.lə/, /ˈfʊ.ləɹ/ 1. One who fulls cloth. Example: Near-synonyms: feltmaker, felter
Word: fuller Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Unknown. Pronunciation: /ˈfʊ.lə/, /ˈfʊ.ləɹ/ 1. A convex, rounded or grooved tool, used by blacksmiths for shaping metal. 2. A groove made by such a tool (in the blade of a sword etc.).
Word: fuller Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Unknown. Pronunciation: /ˈfʊ.lə/, /ˈfʊ.ləɹ/ 1. To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer. Labels: transitive Example: to fuller a bayonet
Word: prepositional case Part of Speech: noun 1. A noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.
Word: lava lamp Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A trademarked name registered by Mathmos in 1963 for the item. 1. A kind of lamp, typically used more for decoration than illumination, in which the gentle flow of randomly-shaped clumps of wax purportedly suggests the flowing of lava.
Word: synapse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek σύναψις (súnapsis, “conjunction”), from συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to clasp”). Introduced by neurophysiologist Charles Scott Sherrington. Pronunciation: /ˈsɪnæps/, /ˈsaɪnæps/, /sɪˈnæps/ 1. The junction between the terminal of a neuron and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass.