nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: fiendish Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English fiend Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Germanic *-iskaz Proto-West Germanic *-isk Old English -isċ Middle English -ish English -ish English fiendish From fiend + -ish. Pronunciation: /ˈfiːndɪʃ/ 1. Sinister; evil; like a fiend. Example: The detective was puzzled by the fiendish plot to steal the diamonds. Example: She had a fiendish smile that hinted at a cunning plan. 2. Very difficult. Example: The exam was filled with fiendish questions that made no sense. Example: a fiendish crossword puzzle
Word: non-maskable interrupt Part of Speech: noun 1. A hardware-level interrupt that cannot be masked by software, such as a memory parity error.
Word: garb Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French garbe ("graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French galbe), from Italian garbo (“grace, elegance”), from Germanic (compare Old High German garwi, garawi (“dress, equipment, preparation”), Middle High German gerwe (“outfitting, jewelry, clothing, robe, regalia”), modern German Gärbe, Gerbe and English gear), ultimately from Frankish *garwijan (“to prepare”), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”). Pronunciation: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/ 1. Fashion, style of dressing oneself up. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A type of dress or clothing. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking.[…]Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men. 3. A guise, external appearance. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.
Word: garb Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French garbe ("graceful outline, silhouette"; > Modern French galbe), from Italian garbo (“grace, elegance”), from Germanic (compare Old High German garwi, garawi (“dress, equipment, preparation”), Middle High German gerwe (“outfitting, jewelry, clothing, robe, regalia”), modern German Gärbe, Gerbe and English gear), ultimately from Frankish *garwijan (“to prepare”), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną (“to prepare”). Pronunciation: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/ 1. To dress in garb. Labels: transitive
Word: garb Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English garbe, from Old French garbe, variant of jarbe; akin to German Garbe. Doublet of gerbe. Pronunciation: /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/ 1. A wheatsheaf. 2. A measure of arrows in the Middle Ages. Example: Yorkshire supplied 500 bows, and 580 garbs of arrows, 360 of which had iron heads pointed with steel.
Word: trepidation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin trepidātiō, from trepidō (“be agitated”). Pronunciation: /ˌtɹɛp.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ 1. Anxiety over the uncertain future or possible ill-occurrence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I decided, with considerable trepidation, to let him drive my car without me. Example: She reached it soon after half-past two. She found its gloomy nineteenth-century façade, black with the smuts of ninety years, a little daunting, and mounted its broad steps in some trepidation. But she rang the bell hard and knocked firmly. 2. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable
Word: despot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French despote, from Old French despote, from Medieval Latin despota, from Ancient Greek δεσπότης (despótēs, “lord, master, owner”). Cognate with Sanskrit दम्पति (dámpati). Pronunciation: /ˈdɛs.pɒt/, /ˈdɛz.pɒt/, /ˈdɛs.pət/ 1. A ruler with absolute power; a tyrant. Example: The Red Holocaust is best interpreted in this light as the bitter fruit of an^([sic]) utopian gambit that was socially misengineered into a dystopic nightmare by despots in humanitarian disguise. 2. A title awarded to senior members of the imperial family in the late Byzantine Empire, and claimed by various independent or semi-autonomous rulers in the Balkans (12th to 15th centuries) Labels: historical
Word: harbinger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Originally, a person sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow. Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/, /ˈhɑɹ.bɪn.d͡ʒəɹ/ 1. A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something. Example: harbinger of danger; harbinger of doom; harbinger of spring Example: Make all our Trumpets ſpeak, giue thẽ all breath / Thoſe clamorous Harbingers of Blood, & Death 2. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when travelling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Labels: obsolete Example: outward decency […] is the Harbinger to provide the lodging for inward holinesse
Word: harbinger Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Originally, a person sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herberjour, herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from herbergier (“to set up camp; to shelter; to take shelter”) + -or (suffix forming agent nouns), from Old High German heribergan, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *harjabergu (“army camp, shelter”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow. Pronunciation: /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/, /ˈhɑɹ.bɪn.d͡ʒəɹ/ 1. To announce or precede; to be a harbinger of. Labels: transitive Example: It was harbingered also by the terrible comet of January, which appeared in a cadent and obscure house, denoting sickness and death; […]
Word: bushel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”). Pronunciation: /ˈbʊʃəl/, /ˈbuʃəl/ 1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts; equivalent in volume to approximately 0.0364 cubic meters (imperial bushel) or 0.0352 cubic meters (U.S. bushel). Example: The quarter, bushel, and peck are nearly universal measures of corn. Example: Forecasts are showing no sign of an end to the drought, with corn prices hitting a record high of $8.16 (£5.19) a bushel on Thursday, while soya beans hit a high of $17.17. 2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Example: And he sayde unto them: is the candle lighted, to be put under a busshell, or under the borde: ys it not therfore lighted that it shulde be put on a candelsticke? 3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure. Example: a heap containing ten bushels of apples 4. A large indefinite quantity. Labels: colloquial, figuratively Example: The prime minister[…]has got pounds of vision. Ounces of it! Pints! A whole bushel worth of phoned-in gibberish designed to get him through a single news cycle. Example: The same film [Hamnet], in the coming weeks, will win awards by the bushel. 5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. Labels: UK
Word: bushel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”). Pronunciation: /ˈbʊʃəl/, /ˈbuʃəl/ 1. To mend or repair clothes. Labels: US, ambitransitive 2. To pack grain, hops, etc. into bushel measures.
Word: rundlet Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɹʌndlət/ 1. A small cask of no certain dimensions, which may contain from 3 to 20 gallons. 2. Such a cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure for liquids, especially wine, usually 18.5 gallons. Example: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
Word: rundlet Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɹʌndlət/ 1. A partial or secondary umbel. Labels: obsolete Example: Rundlets roundish, with many equal, bristle-shaped spokes.
Word: tun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original. Pronunciation: /tʌn/, /tʊn/ 1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.) 2. A fermenting vat. 3. A traditional unit of liquid measure (from the volume of such a cask) equal to 252 wine gallons or 2 pipes. Labels: historical Example: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons. 4. Synonym of long ton: a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each. 5. Synonym of ton: any extremely or excessively large amount. Labels: figuratively Example: He therefore sends you, meeter for your spirit, / This tun of treasure; and, in lieu of this, / Desires you let the dukedoms that you claim / Hear no more of you. Example: A Tun of Man in thy Large bulk is writ, / But sure thou'rt but a Kilderkin of wit. 6. Synonym of drunkard: a person who drinks excessively. Labels: archaic, derogatory, humorous 7. Any shell belonging to Tonna and allied genera. 8. The cryptobiotic state of a tardigrade, when its metabolism is temporarily suspended. 9. A small silver cup holding half a pint, sometimes having a whistle in the handle that could not be blown until the cup was empty. Labels: obsolete Example: So abundant is the supply of tankards and "tuns" […] 10. a chimney. Labels: UK, dialectal
Word: tun Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin. Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original. Pronunciation: /tʌn/, /tʊn/ 1. To put into tuns, or casks. Labels: transitive Example: Strong beer that is brewed in small quantities, and ale, whatever the quantity may be, should be tunned the second day after brewing; and small beer should be tunned as soon as it has fairly taken the yeast
Word: tun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Mayan. 1. A part of the ancient Maya Long Count Calendar system which corresponds to 18 winal cycles or 360 days.
Word: tun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Malay tun. 1. A respectful term of address to royalties and certain award recipients Labels: Malaysia
Word: butt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English but, butte (“goal, mark, butt of land”), from Old English byt, bytt (“small piece of land”) and *butt (attested in diminutive Old English buttuc (“end, small piece of land”) > English buttock), from Proto-West Germanic *butt, from Proto-Germanic *buttaz (“end, piece”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰnós (“bottom”), later thematic variant of Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn ~ *bʰudʰn-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Cognate with Norwegian butt (“stump, block”), Icelandic bútur (“piece, fragment”), Low German butt (“blunt, clumsy”). Influenced by Old French but, butte (“but, mark”), ultimately from the same Germanic source. Compare also Albanian bythë (“buttocks”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of vessel”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) and Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná, “bottom”), from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to bottom, boot. PIE word *bʰudʰmḗn Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. Example: And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered ground. Example: In the sketch (which is taken about 75 Jovian days after that of the 2nd July) there is shown a dark copper-coloured streak along the southern margin of the south brown belt, butting on to a bluff-headed streak of cumulus cloud which may be the same remarkable bluff head noticed on July 2.
Word: butt Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat. Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. To strike bluntly, particularly with the head. Labels: transitive Example: Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. 2. To strike bluntly with the head. Labels: intransitive Example: Rams butt at other males during mating season. 3. To cut in line (in front of someone). Labels: Canada, Eastern, intransitive, transitive Example: Teacher! He just butted me! Example: Additionally, kids are pinched, fondled, propositioned, and hit; and it all goes unseen amid the general confusion and nonspecific orders from the cafeteria supervisors who are yelling things like, "Keep it down, you people!" "No butting!" "Wait your turn, boys!" All of which sound as though there is law and order, just no actual justice to the victim.
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat. Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head; a head butt. Example: Be careful in the pen, that ram can knock you down with a butt. Example: The handcuffed suspect gave the officer a desperate butt in the chest. 2. A thrust in fencing. Example: To prove who gave the fairer butt, / John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From late Middle English bote, but, butte (“wine cask”), of disputed origin. Probably (1) from Anglo-Norman but, from Old French bot (“barrel, wine-skin”), Late Latin buttis (“cask”); (2) alternatively, a later form of Middle English bitte, bit, butte (“leather bottle”), from Old English bytt, byt, from Proto-West Germanic *buttjā, from Vulgar Latin *buttia and thus a doublet of boccia. Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 126 wine gallons which is one-half tun. Example: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons. – 2. A wooden cask for storing wine, usually containing 126 gallons. Example: […]I escap'd upon a butt of sack which the sailors heav'd o'erboard[…]
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English but, butte, botte (“flounder; plaice; turbot”), possibly derived from sense 1 (“blunt end”), meaning "blunt-headed fish." Compare Dutch bot and the second element of English halibut. Cognate with West Frisian bot, German Low German Butt, German Butt, Butte, Swedish butta. Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. Any of various flatfish such as sole, plaice or turbot. Labels: Northern-England
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Variant of putt. Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. A heavy two-wheeled cart. Labels: Ireland, West-Country, dated 2. A three-wheeled cart resembling a wheelbarrow. Labels: Ireland, West-Country, dated
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Originally apparently a less-desired cut, named either due to its often being packed in butts (“casks”) for storage and shipping, or from the use of butt to refer to "the larger or thicker end of something, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end" or "the waste end". Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. The shoulder of an animal, especially the portion above the picnic, as a cut of meat. Example: Cut the foot off one inch above the joint, as this makes a much neater looking shoulder. The top third of the shoulder that was removed from the “California ham” is known as the shoulder butt. This piece is divided into lean butt ("Boston Butt") and fat butt ("Clear Plate") […] The lean butt makes an excellent roast. Example: Alternative choices for the shoulder butt oven roast: if you are buying the butt of pork then you must enjoy the flavour that you get only with the fattiet cuts of meat; consequently I suggest the boneless pork loin rib end. Apart from the butt, this wonderful piece of pork has the most fat […]
Word: butt Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /bʌt/, /bʊt/ 1. Synonym of butty (“a friend or buddy”). Labels: Wales, colloquial Example: 2025, Eleri Griffiths, Woman goes viral after delivery photo catches her in just a towel (BBC News) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2p0n73zmro "He looks up, laughs as he sees the way I'm looking - soaking wet and in a towel - takes a full-blown picture, and just walks off. "I'm like, 'cheers butt'," she added.
Word: hogshead Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Late Middle English hogshead, hagyshed, hogeyshed, hoggesyde, hokkeshed, Middle English hoggeshed, hogges-hed, hogeshed, hoggeshede, hoggesheed, hoggesheudes, hoggesheved, hoggishede, hoggisheed, hoggyssehed, hogyshed, hoogeshed (“measure of liquid capacity equivalent to about 63 gallons; large barrel or cask”, literally “hog’s head”), from hog, hogge (“swine, especially a castrated male swine”) + hed (“animal or human head”), equivalent to hog + -s- + head. The connection between the cask and the head of a hog is uncertain, but may refer to the shape of the cask. The word has often been borrowed into other languages as “ox-head”. Pronunciation: /ˈhɒɡzˌhɛd/, /ˈhɑɡzˌhɛd/, /ˈhɔɡz-/ 1. A cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure of capacity for liquids, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52+¹⁄₂ imperial gallons (a half pipe). Labels: UK Example: [...] their vessels for use are made some of clay, of which sort some are so great as that they will containe more then one hogshead of water. Example: The best Veſſel for Conveyance, (if you carry above 20 Miles) is, a great Tun that holds five Hogſheads; but if no more than 10, 15, or 20 Miles, ordinary Hogſheads will do well enough. I know by Experience you may ſafely carry 300 Carps, ſix and ſeven Inches long, in one Hogſhead; but from ſeven to a Foot, not ſo many by a fourth Part. 2. A large barrel or cask of indefinite contents, especially one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. Example: [...] Now the Shippe boaring the Moone with her maine Maſt, and anon ſwallowed with yeſt and froth, as you'ld thruſt a Corke into a hogſhead. Example: [T]he Wind blowing from the Shore, nothing came to Land that Day, but Pieces of Timber, and a Hogſhead which had ſome Brazil Pork in it, but the Salt-water and the Sand had ſpoil'd it.
Word: Ladin Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Ladin ladin, itself from Latin latīnus. Doublet of Latin and Ladino. Pronunciation: /ləˈdiːn/ 1. A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.
Word: Ladin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ladin ladin, itself from Latin latīnus. Doublet of Latin and Ladino. Pronunciation: /ləˈdiːn/ 1. A person speaking Ladin as a mother tongue.
Word: tierce Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia. Pronunciation: /ˈtɪəs/, /ˈtɪɚs/, /ˈtɜːs/ 1. A third. Labels: obsolete 2. Synonym of terce: the third canonical hour or its service. 3. A cask of a certain size, or its volume used as a measure of capacity. Larger than a barrel but smaller than a hogshead. Labels: historical Example: He then gave me a large piece of silver coin, such as I never had seen or had before, and told me to get ready for the voyage, and he would credit me with a tierce of sugar, and another of rum […]. Example: Have an eye to the molasses tierce, Mr. Stubb; it was a little leaky, I thought. 4. The third tone of the scale. See mediant. 5. A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king and queen is called tierce-major. 6. The third defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at head height. Example: [W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another. 7. An ordinary that covers the left or right third of the field of a shield or flag. 8. One sixtieth of a second, i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system. (Also known as a third.) Labels: obsolete
Word: barrel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Old French barilbor. Middle English barel English barrel From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear. Pronunciation: /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/, [ˈbæɹəɫ], /ˈbæɹəl/, /ˈbɛɚəl/, /ˈbɛɹəl/ 1. To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels. Labels: transitive 2. To move quickly or in an uncontrolled manner. Labels: intransitive Example: He came barrelling around the corner and I almost hit him. Example: Snow shattered and spilled down the slope. Within seconds, the avalanche was the size of more than a thousand cars barreling down the mountain and weighed millions of pounds. 3. To assume the shape of a barrel; specifically, of the image on a computer display, television, etc., to exhibit barrel distortion, where the sides bulge outwards. Labels: intransitive 4. To bet consecutively on multiple streets. Labels: slang
Word: puncheon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English punchoun, from Anglo-Norman ponchon, pounceon et al., and Middle French ponçon, poinchon et al., from Old French ponchon, from Latin pūnctiōnem (“act of piercing”). Doublet of punction. Related to Middle High German punze (“chisel; burin, graver”), ponze (“puncheon, standardized cask”), German Punze (“puncheon, punch, counter”). Pronunciation: /ˈpʌntʃən/ 1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc. 2. A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud. Example: he chose to regard [his father] with a lowering and suspicious mien, unless it were in the dead hours of the night, when he developed a morbid craving to be trotted back and forth and up and down the puncheon floor [...]. 3. A piece of roughly dressed timber with one face finished flat (by either hewing or sawing). 4. A split log or heavy slab of timber with the face smoothed, used especially for flooring but also for log cabin walls, piers, or plank roads. 5. A walkway or short, low footbridge over wet ground constructed with such timbers, made by laying one or more planks or dressed timbers over sills set directly on the ground. 6. A short low bridge of similar construction. 7. A cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure of capacity varying from 72 to 120 gallons. Example: Once in the Grenada islands, when I and above eight others were pulling a large boat with two puncheons of water in it, a surf struck us, and drove the boat and all in it about half a stone's throw, among some trees, and above the high water mark. Example: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
Word: tercian Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of tertian (“An English measure of capacity for liquids”). Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.
Word: kilderkin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch kinderkin, a variant of kinerkijn, itself a diminutive of kintal. See quintal. 1. A small barrel. 2. An old English liquid measure, usually being half a barrel; containing 18 English beer gallons, or 83.178 L. Example: 1882: 23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons. — James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, p. 205. Example: Barrels came in firkins, nine gallons; kilderkins, eighteen gallons; halves, twenty-seven gallons; barrels, thirty-six gallons and hogsheads, fifty-four.
Word: firkin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle Dutch *vierdekijn, diminutive of vierde (“fourth”), from vier (“four”); equivalent to fourth + -kin. Pronunciation: /ˈfɝkɪn/, /ˈfɜːkɪn/ 1. A varying measure of capacity, usually being a quarter of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons. Labels: UK Example: 23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons. Example: But for his other guests he let bear in the massy cups of silver, and the great eared wine jars holding two firkins apiece, and he let pour forth to the Witches and the Foliots, and they drank the cup of memory unto King Gorice XI., slain that day by the hand of Goldry Bluszco. 2. A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, used for butter, lard, etc. Labels: US 3. A measurement for the mass of butter, equalling 56 pounds.
Word: falt Part of Speech: noun 1. An old English measure of wheat in London containing 9 bushels. Example: ...1 Hen. V, cap. 10... This statute also denounces the London falt, which contained nine bushels, and a practice which had grown up in the city of making sellers of corn not only submit to this extra measure, but to a tax for measuring corn.
Word: windle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Perhaps from wind. Pronunciation: /ˈwɪndəl/ 1. The redwing. Labels: UK, dialectal Example: The modus operandi somewhat recalls the stratagem of Gideon, for the birds—chiefly thrushes, blackbirds, fieldfares, redwings (locally "windles"), and starlings (smaller birds being disregarded)—terrified by the noise, and dazed by the lantern glare, suffered themselves to be taken by the hand, or, if roosting aloft, as was the case on still nights, to be knocked down with the poles which the lads carried.
Word: windle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English windle, windel, from Old English windel (“basket”), from Proto-West Germanic *windil, from Proto-Germanic *windilaz (“wrap; diaper; plaitwork; basket”), equivalent to wind + -le. Related to Old English windan (“to wind, twist”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɪndəl/ 1. A basket. Labels: dialectal 2. An old English measure of corn, half a bushel. Example: In the Derby household book of 1561, wheat, malt, and oats are sold by the quarter and the windle, in which the quarter clearly contained sixteen windles, and must have been a wholly different measure from that which we are familiar. Example: On 16th September, 1622, he caused his steward and clerk of the market to alter all the measures and weights for corn, &c., from windles, affondolls, &c., and reduce them to the Winchester measure of 2 gallons to the peck and 8 gallons to the bushell, and 4 bushells to the sack, and 2 sacks to the quarter ; whereas before they sold by affondolls, whereof 4 made a windle (whereof 3 quarters make a new or Winchester bushell) and 4 of those windles made but one old bushell.
Word: windle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English windel, shortened from Old English windelstrēaw (“windlestraw, coarse grass or reed”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɪndəl/ 1. Any dried-out grass leaf or stalk in a field. Example: We rode by the side of a barren mountain, which was covered to an extent of three miles with quartz, and produced little or no herbage, except a species of wiry or windle-grass, which was much parched by the sun. Example: Some of them saw nothing more but some windle straws (larsar lena) blowing round the floor, but she I spoke to saw distinctly troops of fairies riding round on horses no bigger than small birds. 2. Any dried-out grass leaf or stalk in a field. Example: That he has given a fair character of the Crested dog's tail, I have proved by repeated experiments; in the North of Ireland, we know its panicles but two well, under the name of windle straws. 3. Bent grass (Agrostis spp.).
Word: windle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English windel, from Old Norse vindla (“to wind up”) or Middle Dutch windelen (“to turn around, spin”). Related to Old English windelstān (“tower with a winding staircase”), bewindla (“a hedge or border”), hringġewindla (“a sphere”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɪndəl/ 1. A windlass. Example: A car-brake shalt provided with a tapering windle connected at its largest portion with a brake-chain which is thickest at the end nearest the windle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. Example: They hoary women, past now age and spent, By cranks and windles, from those perilous rocks ; Aye crying, like to one wildered, were those wands... 2. A reel for winding something into a bundle, such as winding string or yarn into skeins or straw into bundles. Example: She comes—she comes—God's sake speak her fair and canny, or we will have a ravelled hasp on the yarn-windles. Example: After this she took a pair of yarn windles, which she nine times unintermittedly veered and frisked about; then at the ninth revolution or turn, without touching them any more, maturely perpending the manner of their motion, she very demurely waited on their repose and cessation from any further stirring.
Word: windle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English windel, from Old Norse vindla (“to wind up”) or Middle Dutch windelen (“to turn around, spin”). Related to Old English windelstān (“tower with a winding staircase”), bewindla (“a hedge or border”), hringġewindla (“a sphere”). Pronunciation: /ˈwɪndəl/ 1. To bind straw into bundles. Labels: transitive 2. To wind yarn. Labels: dialectal, transitive 3. To whirl around in the air; (of snow) to drift. Labels: dialectal, intransitive
Word: wey Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English weie, waie, weihe, wæȝe, from Old English wǣġ (“a weight; a tool for weighing, balance, scale”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales; weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, bring, transport”). Cognate with German Waage (“weight”), Icelandic vág (“a weight”). Pronunciation: /weɪ/ 1. An old English measure of weight containing 224 pounds; equivalent to 2 hundredweight. Labels: archaic, uncommon Example: Than though I hadde this wouke ywonne a weye of Essex cheese. Example: Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6½ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. […] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
Word: pondus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *pondos Latin pondusbor. English pondus Borrowed from Latin pondus (“a weight”). Pronunciation: /ˈpɑndəs/, /ˈpɒndəs/ 1. An old English measure of weight, usually of wool, perhaps equal to 3 cloves. Labels: historical Example: The pondus of wool at Alton Barnes and Stert is three cloves or 21 pounds.
Word: chaldron Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A collateral form of cauldron. 1. An old English dry measure, containing four quarters. At London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke. Labels: archaic Example: The celdra or chaldron is employed in some places, especially at Finchale or Wearmouth. It appears to contain four quarters or thereabouts, and is perhaps the original measure of which the quarter is a fraction. Example: The visitors recorded that it [Locomotion] could haul 20 wagons, each holding one Newcastle chaldron of coal (53 cwt.).
Word: chaldron Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative form of chawdron. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: Hovv fare I? troth, for ſixpence a meale, vvench, as vvel as heart can vviſh, vvith Calves Chaldrons, and Chitterlings, beſides I haue a Punck after ſupper, as good as a roſted Apple. Example: To Lift a Swan. […] [P]lace the tvvo halves, ſlit ſide dovvnvvard, ſtrevv ſome Salt and Cinnamon about it, and ſerve up Chaldron Sauce, in Saucers, Garniſhing vvith VVater-Lillies, VVater-Creſſes, or any ſuitable flovvers, or greens, grovving in or by the vvater.
Word: apposite Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin appositus, past participle of adponere, from ad- + ponere (“to put, place”). See apposition. Pronunciation: /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/, /əˈpɒz.ɪt/, /əˈpɑ.zɪt/ 1. Strikingly appropriate or relevant; well suited to the circumstance or in relation to something. Example: c. 1833–1856, Andrew Carrick, John Addington Symonds (editors), Medical Topography of Bristol, in Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association/Volume 2/3, Medical Topography would be the most apposite title, since it comprehends the principal objects of investigation; …. Example: Flora, however, received the remark as if it had been of a most apposite and agreeable nature; approvingly observing aloud that Mr. F's Aunt had a great deal of spirit. 2. Positioned at rest in respect to another, be it side-to-side, front-to-front, back-to-back, or even three-dimensionally: in apposition. Example: In other words, they are used to name, rather than to describe. They are apposite nouns and not adjectives. 3. Related, homologous. Example: If the shift in theatrical setting and the shift in dramaturgy are at all related, they are apposite developments, independent yet homologous signs of a changing political and cultural climate.
Word: apposite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin appositus, past participle of adponere, from ad- + ponere (“to put, place”). See apposition. Pronunciation: /ˈæp.ə.zɪt/, /əˈpɒz.ɪt/, /əˈpɑ.zɪt/ 1. That which is apposite; something suitable. Labels: rare Example: Hugh gave the boy apples or other small apposites[…], but the child was too interested in the bishop to notice the gifts.
Word: hundredweight Part of Speech: noun Etymology: 16th century, from hundred + weight. 1. A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as Labels: Canada, US 2. A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as Labels: UK, historical Example: The hundredweight of 112 avoirdupois lbs. becomes general in the period before me, and is employed for the commoner kinds of materials. 3. A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as Labels: historical 4. A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as Labels: historical
Word: crannock Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Possibly Welsh. 1. An old Irish measure of corn equivalent to the quarter. The crannock of oats appears to contain two quarters, as sometimes occurs with its English equivalent. Example: Cran'nock (s.) An ancient measure of corn. Example: In Ireland the crannock is used instead of the quarter. It is, however, plainly identical with it, being divided into the same number of bushels and pecks.
Word: trugg Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈtɹʌɡ/ 1. An old English measure of corn, perhaps equal to ¹⁄₁₂ of a quarter. Example: The sum on one estate in the year 1371 is divided into 12 trugg; the double sum of 24 trugg being employed for measuring oats.
Word: coomb Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English *comb, *cumb (> Scots cumb, coom (“tub, cistern”)), from Old English cumb (“a vessel; a liquid measure”), from Proto-Germanic *kumbaz (“bowl, vessel”). Compare German Kumpf (“bowl”). Alternatively, perhaps from Latin cumba (“boat, tomb of stone”), from Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē, “hollow of a vessel, cup, boat”). Pronunciation: /kuːm/ 1. An old English measure of corn (e.g., wheat), equal to half a quarter or 4 bushels. Example: It was equal to half a quarter, i.e. is identical with the coomb of the eastern counties. Example: Two kilderkins, or strikes, make a measure called a barrel, liquid, and a coomb, dry; this last term being ancient and little used.
Word: coomb Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /kuːm/ 1. Alternative spelling of combe. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: From the centre of each side of this tree-bound square ran avenues east, west, and south into the wide expanse of corn-land and coomb to the distance of a mile or so.
Word: mett Part of Speech: noun 1. An old English measure of volume, perhaps equal to two bushels. Labels: historical Example: Once the mitta, or mett, a quantity of two bushels, is used for salt. The name still lingers in Lancashire.
Word: mitta Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *metan (“to measure”). Cognate with German Metze. 1. An old English measure of volume, perhaps equal to two bushels. Labels: historical Example: Once the mitta, or mett, a quantity of two bushels, is used for salt. The name still lingers in Lancashire.
Word: measure Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English mesure, from Old French mesure, from Latin mēnsūra (“a measure”), mētior (“to measure”, supine stem in mēns-) + -tūra. Largely displaced native Old English metan ("to measure" whence modern mete) and ġemet (“a measure”). See also -ure. Pronunciation: /ˈmɛʒ.ə/, /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/, /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/, /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/, /ˈmeʒ.ə/ 1. A prescribed quantity or extent. Labels: obsolete Example: I will correct thee in measure, and will not leaue thee altogether vnpunished. 2. A prescribed quantity or extent. Example: Mom's rage has no measure. Example: Full to the utmost measure of what bliss Human desires can seek or apprehend. 3. A prescribed quantity or extent. Example: It ended up being a bittersweet night for England, full of goals to send the crowd home happy, buoyed by the news that Montenegro and Poland had drawn elsewhere in Group H but also with a measure of regret about what happened to Danny Welbeck and what it means for Roy Hodgson's team going into a much more difficult assignment against Ukraine. 4. The act or result of measuring. Example: a measure of salt 5. The act or result of measuring. Example: By what measure should we judge the performance of our teachers? Example: Honesty is the true measure of a man. 6. The act or result of measuring. Example: The villagers paid a tithe of a thousand measures of corn. 7. The act or result of measuring. Example: The fragments shrank by increments of about three kilodaltons (a measure of molecular weight). 8. The act or result of measuring. Example: The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. 9. The act or result of measuring. Labels: archaic 10. The act or result of measuring. 11. The act or result of measuring. Example: coal measures; lead measures Example: For many years the coal measures on the shores of Lough Allen were worked only in the most primitive fashion, and the coal was transported laboriously in the inevitable ass carts of the Irish peasant. 12. The act or result of measuring. Labels: archaic Example: the greatest common measure of two or more numbers 13. The act or result of measuring. 14. Metrical rhythm. Labels: archaic 15. Metrical rhythm. Labels: archaic Example: He took her soft hand, ere her mother could bar,— / "Now tread we a measure!" said young Lochinvar. Example: They danced on silently, softly. Their feet played tricks to the beat of the tireless measure, that exquisitely asinine blare which is England's punishment for having lost America. 16. Metrical rhythm. Example: a poem in iambic measure 17. Metrical rhythm. 18. A course of action. Labels: in-plural Example: The president said the measures involve a ban on all visitors to the country via all ports of entry who aren't residents or diplomats. El Salvadorans or residents who return to El Salvador will be quarantined for 30 days.. 19. A course of action. Example: The solitary, lumbering trolls of Scandinavian mythology would sometimes be turned to stone by exposure to sunlight. Barack Obama is hoping that several measures announced on June 4th will have a similarly paralysing effect on their modern incarnation, the patent troll.
Word: measure Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English mesure, from Old French mesure, from Latin mēnsūra (“a measure”), mētior (“to measure”, supine stem in mēns-) + -tūra. Largely displaced native Old English metan ("to measure" whence modern mete) and ġemet (“a measure”). See also -ure. Pronunciation: /ˈmɛʒ.ə/, /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/, /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/, /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/, /ˈmeʒ.ə/ 1. To ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard. Labels: transitive Example: We measured the temperature with a thermometer. Example: You should measure the angle with a spirit level. 2. To be of (a certain size), to have (a certain measurement). Labels: stative Example: The window measured two square feet. Example: This park is the first large-scale public park in Taiwan. It is located on the border of Nantzu District in Kaohsiung City and Chiaotou village, Kaohsiung County and this park measures 95 hectares. 3. To estimate the unit size of something. Example: I measure that at 10 centimetres. 4. To judge, value, or appraise. Example: ſince they meaſure our deſerts so meane, That in conceit beare Empires on our ſpeares, Affecting thoughts coequall with the cloudes, They ſhalbe kept our forced followers, Til with their eies they view vs Emperours. Example: Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite / Thy power! what thought can measure thee? 5. To obtain or set apart; to mark in even increments. 6. To traverse, cross, pass along; to travel over. Labels: rare Example: A true devoted pilgrim is not weary / To measure kingdoms with his feeble steps. Example: "And for a very sensible reason; there never was but one like her; or, that is, I have always thought so until to-day," replied the tar, glancing toward Natalie; "for my old eyes have seen pretty much everything they have got in this little world. Ha! I should like to see the inch of land or water that my foot hasn't measured." 7. To adjust by a rule or standard. Example: To secure a contented spirit, you must measure your desires by your fortune and condition, not your fortunes by your desires 8. To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure; often with. Labels: often Example: With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Example: That portion of eternity which is called time, measured out by the sun. 9. To regulate or control (one's actions, speech, etc.), as if one were carefully measuring their length or quantity. Labels: transitive Example: To measure one’s own activity, to make it conform to these standards of clearness, brevity and truth, is practically a very difficult matter. Example: In its opening portrait of Madame Caillaux, the rightist and anti-Caillaux Illustration asked its readers to imagine not a wronged victim or a female ruled by emotion but a careful player who measured her every word.
Word: tonto Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish tonto (“stupid, foolish; idiot, fool”), of uncertain etymology. Originally in US use but now chiefly British. Cf. earlier Tonto, with which it is sometimes confused. 1. Synonym of idiot: someone who is foolish or stupid. Labels: slang Example: Even us tontos figured that one out.
Word: tonto Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish tonto (“stupid, foolish; idiot, fool”), of uncertain etymology. Originally in US use but now chiefly British. Cf. earlier Tonto, with which it is sometimes confused. 1. Synonym of crazy. Labels: offensive, possibly, slang Example: He told the businessmen that the law that required the certification by the President was ‘tonto’. Example: His two heroes are both ex-FO types and both terminally tonto about cricket.
Word: tonto Part of Speech: noun 1. a traditional Ugandan fermented beverage made from bananas Labels: uncountable
Word: abogado Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Spanish abogado, from Latin advocātus, from advocō (“to call, summon”). Doublet of advocate. Pronunciation: /ˌæb.əˈɡɑ.doʊ/ 1. Counsel; advisor; counselor; barrister.
Word: nugatory Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin nūgātōrius. Pronunciation: /ˈn(j)uːɡətɔɹi/ 1. Trivial, trifling or of little importance. Example: In sorrow and disgust, you wander over those multitudinous Books: you dwell in endless regions of the superficial, of the nugatory: to your bewildered sense it is as if no insight into the real heart of Friedrich and his affairs were anywhere to be had. Example: I might refer to the general conviction and the common sense of society that such an investment cannot be treated as absolutely idle and nugatory. 2. Ineffective, invalid or futile. Example: I can not dismiss the subject of Indian affairs without again recommending to your consideration the expediency of more adequate provision for giving energy to the laws throughout our interior frontier and for restraining the commission of outrages upon the Indians, without which all pacific plans must prove nugatory. Example: Even among the most experienced and discriminating of men, she rarely allowed the élite of the high-born or distinguished to escape her temporary allurements, so that she was the absolute horror, alike of the designing, whose baits she rendered nugatory, and the innocent attached ones, whose expectations she blighted, and whose young hearts were lacerated by the perfidy of those whom she misled. 3. Having no force, inoperative, ineffectual. Example: But these regulations would have been impotent and nugatory, had not the licentious nobles been awed by the sword of the civil power. Example: The word "necessary" is considered as controlling the whole sentence, and as limiting the right to pass laws for the execution of the granted powers to such as are indispensable, and without which the power would be nugatory. 4. Removable from a computer program with safety, but harmless if retained.