nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: intimidate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Medieval Latin intimidātus, perfect passive participle of Latin intimidō (“to intimidate, terrify”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from in- (“in”) + timidus (“afraid, timid”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix); see timid. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/, [ɪnˈtʰɪmɪdeɪ̯t], /ɪnˈtɪmɪdɛjt/, /ənˈtɪmədæɪt/, /ənˈtəmədæɪt/ 1. To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence. Labels: transitive Example: He's trying to intimidate you. If you ignore him, hopefully he'll stop. Example: His father tried to intimidate his son into staying, threatening him with banishment and a possible beating.
Word: interrogation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English interrogacion, from Old French interrogacion, from Latin interrogātiō, from interrogō, from inter- (“between; among”) + rogō (“to ask; to request”). Equivalent to inter- + rogation or interrogate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of interrogating or questioning; an examination by questions; an inquiry. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: There is no interrogation in his eyes / Or in the hands, quiet over the horse's neck, / And the eyes watchful, waiting, perceiving, indifferent. Example: As an isolating language Belter Creole is rich in particles. Particles are used to indicate both negation and interrogation: na is the negative particle and it is placed before the verb 2. A question put; an inquiry. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. A question mark. Labels: countable, dated, uncountable
Word: intimidation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From intimidate + -ion. Compare French intimidation; perhaps modeled on it. Pronunciation: /ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/ 1. The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It broadly includes all the people with specific recognition for none, and the highest consecration we can make today is a committal of the Republican party to that saving constitutionalism which contemplates all America as one people and holds just government free from influence on the one hand, and unmoved by intimidation on the other.
Word: intoleration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in-bor. Middle English in- English in- English toleration English intoleration From in- + toleration. 1. Intolerance. Labels: dated, uncountable
Word: intonation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French intonation, from Medieval Latin intonatio, from intonō + -tiō. Pronunciation: /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/ 1. The rise and fall of the voice in speaking. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Emotive stress used to increase the power of delivery in speech. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: She well knew the power of intonation, and thought that, in the absence of the curled lip, the contemptuous twitch of the nose, and the supercilious toss of the head, her message might be acceptable for Louisa's sake,... 3. A sound made by, or resembling that made by, a musical instrument. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This additional cause of the intonation of thunder, together with the simile with which it is illustrated, is copied from our poet, both by Pliny, Nat. Hist. ii, 431, and Isidorus, Orig. xiii. Example: As when sulphureous fires, within the caves Of earth long pent, with intonation loud Burst through the riven rocks, and far as eye Can reach their furious devastation spread, So sudden, so resistless was the force Of this blasphemer's bold appeal to arms. 4. Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Her intonation was false. 5. Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: intoxication Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ɪntɑksɪˈkeɪʃən/, /ɪntɒksɪˈkeɪʃən/ 1. A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He suffered acute intoxication from the combined effects of several drugs. 2. The state of being intoxicated or drunk. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The act of intoxicating or making drunk. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A high excitement of mind; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: Excitement leads to enthusiasm, that moral intoxication, whose effects seem incredible to the sober, while the influence which produces the extravagance appears more extraordinary than the act itself.
Word: intubation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Probably coined in 1880–1884 by Joseph O'Dwyer, M.D.; in widespread publication in 1887. 1. The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Intubation, it is now claimed, offers these advantages. Since the revival of this procedure by Dr. O'Dwyer a little more than a year ago, it has been tested in many cases Example: Before proceeding to demonstrate the method of practising intubation of the larynx on this little cadaver, I will pass around for your inspection a few of the principal varieties of tubes devised to overcome obstruction in the larynx in croup and other forms of stenosis. They will serve to show the different stages of development through which this operation has passed from its inception in January 1880 to the present time.
Word: invagination Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English invaginate Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English -ion English invagination From invaginate + -ion. 1. The process where an anatomical part invaginates upon itself or into another structure. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. One of the methods by which the various germ layers of the ovum are differentiated. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: invader Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English invade Proto-Indo-European *-yósder. Proto-Italic *-āzios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere English -er English invader From invade + -er. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ 1. One who invades a region. Example: He remarks on the growth of the pretensions of the invaders since the treaty between Alfred and Guthrum which put the Northern warriors only on the same level as the twelf[-]hyndmen, or ordinary thegns. Example: The underroot tendril! We are at fault for giving the invader a path to Lady Brianna. 2. An intruder (especially on someone's privacy).
Word: invective Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French invective, from Medieval Latin invectiva (“abusive speech”), from Latin invectīvus, from invectus, perfect passive participle of invehō (“bring in”), from in- + vehō (“carry”). See vehicle, and compare with inveigh. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/ 1. An expression which inveighs or rails against a person. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A severe or violent censure or reproach. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Something spoken or written, intended to cast shame, disgrace, censure, or reproach on another. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: And wordy attacks against slavery drew sneers from observers which were not altogether undeserved. The authors were compared to doctors who offered to a patient nothing more than invectives against the disease which consumed him. Example: [A] savage passage of 14th-century invective about the text-obsessed nerdiness of the Florentine bibliophile and friend of Petrarch, Niccolò Niccoli ... 4. A harsh or reproachful accusation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Politics can raise invective to a low art.
Word: invective Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle French invective, from Medieval Latin invectiva (“abusive speech”), from Latin invectīvus, from invectus, perfect passive participle of invehō (“bring in”), from in- + vehō (“carry”). See vehicle, and compare with inveigh. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/ 1. Characterized by invection or railing. Example: Tom's speeches became diatribes — each more invective than the last.
Word: investigation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English investigacioun, from Old French investigacion, from Latin investigatio. Morphologically investigate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/, /ɪnˌvɛs.təˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The investigation into the crime has led to various leads as well as plenty of dead ends. Example: Despite thorough investigation, the perpetrator of the attacks remains unknown.
Word: invigoration Part of Speech: noun 1. The act of invigorating or the state of being invigorated. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: (archaic) Example: Utnapishtim hears his wife's plea and tells Gilgamesh where he can find a miraculous plant of invigoration and rejuvenation.
Word: invitation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English invitacioun, ynvytacioun, from Latin invītātio, reinforced by Middle French invitation. By surface analysis, invite + -ation. Displaced native Middle English lathinge from Old English laþung (see dialectal English lathing). Pronunciation: /ɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/, [ɪnvɪˈtʰeɪʃən] ~ [ɪnvɪˈtʰeɪʃn̩] 1. The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: an invitation to a party, to a dinner, or to visit a friend Example: At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum. 2. A document or verbal message conveying an invitation. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: We need to print off fifty invitations for the party. 3. Allurement; enticement. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The brief exhortation introducing the confession in the Anglican communion-office. Labels: countable, uncountable 6. A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I assume also that opener would have shown no interest in slam by either bidding 4NT or 50 after the slam invitation of 46. Example: To any other invitation made by the captain, acceptance or refusal of the invitation is exclusively a question of points within the range advertised in the opening statement, and the invitation is always in the last called suit.
Word: invocation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English invocacioun, from Old French invocacion, from Latin invocatio, invocationem. Equivalent to invoke + -ation. Pronunciation: /ˌɪn.voʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A call or summons, especially a judicial call, demand, or order. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the invocation of papers or evidence into court 3. An act of invoking or claiming a legal right. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: McNeil (D) contended that his courtroom appearance with an attorney for the West Allis crime constituted an invocation of his Miranda right to counsel and that his subsequent waiver during police-initiated questioning regarding the Caledonia crime was invalid. Example: As a matter of legal principle, the State should report whether all the necessary conditions for the invocation of the right of self-defense were existent. 4. The act of invoking, such as a function call. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: irascible Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English, from Old French irascible, from Late Latin īrāscibilis, from Latin īrāscī (“to be angry, enraged”) + -bilis. See also -ible. Pronunciation: /ɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/, /ɪˈɹæs.ə.bəl/, /aɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ 1. Easily provoked to outbursts of anger; irritable. Example: The divine Plato, whose doctrines are not sufficiently attended to by philosophers of the present age, allows to every man three souls—one, immortal and rational, seated in the brain, that it may overlook and regulate the body—a second consisting of the surly and irascible passions, which like belligerent powers lie encamped around the heart[…] Example: Like some poor devils ashore that happen to know an irascible great man, they make distant unobtrusive salutations to him in the street, lest if they pursued the acquaintance further, they might receive a summary thump for their presumption. 2. Relating to the irascible passions. Example: The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."
Word: irrigation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French irrigation, from Latin irrigatio. Pronunciation: /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ 1. The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: “My father had ideas about conservation long before the United States took it up.[…]You preserve water in times of flood and freshet to be used for power or for irrigation throughout the year. …”
Word: irritation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French irritation, from Latin irrītātiō, from irrītāre (“to excite”). By surface analysis, irritate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ˌɪɹ.əˈteɪ.ʃən/, /ˌiɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of irritating or annoying. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: What irritation causes you to be so moody? 2. The state of being irritated. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It has already been established that the crew was competent and qualified for operation of AS66. With the exception of some overtones of irritation about the manner in which another aircraft, N799Y, affected the flight's progress into the Juneau area, the recorded cockpit conversation, in general, reflects a relaxed but businesslike atmosphere. Example: Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals. 3. A thing or person that annoys. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A state of inflammation or of painful reaction to cell or tissue damage. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Hip pain is a common complaint in children and may indicate a very mild irritation in the hip joint or may be the symptom of a very severe abnormality
Word: isthmian Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English isthmus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English isthmian From isthmus + -ian. 1. Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece.
Word: isthmian Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English isthmus Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Latin -nus Latin -ānus Latin -iānusbor. English -ian English isthmian From isthmus + -ian. 1. A native or inhabitant of an isthmus.
Word: iteration Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin iterātiō, from iterō. Morphologically iterate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, [ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩], [ˌɪɾ.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən], /ˌɪt.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/, [ˌɪɾ.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən] 1. A recital or a second performance; a repetition. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A variation or version. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The architect drafted several iterations of the floorplan before deciding on his final design. Example: Still going strong in his ninth decade, Wein celebrates his 88th birthday behind the piano accompanied by the latest iteration of his band, the Newport All-Stars, featuring tenor saxophonist […] 3. The use of repetition in a computer program, especially in the form of a loop. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A single repetition of the code within such a repetitive process. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The code calculates the appropriate value at each iteration.
Word: jailer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English gayoler, gayler, jayler, from Old French jaiolier, gaiolier, from jaiole. By surface analysis, jail + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒeɪlə(ɹ)/ 1. One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison. Example: Sometimes some of the ejected ministers preached to them privately, and now and then the jailer allowed Mr. H. to go out in the night to preach to them, and administer the Lord's Supper. Example: But the next morning came, and my coffee was brought by her mother; the next, and the next, by the under jailers; and Angiola continued grievously ill.
Word: jollification Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From jolly + -fication. 1. A merrymaking; noisy festivity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I shall go down with you on Wednesday in time for the jollification on Thursday. I always enjoy that day; they are such nice, friendly people, those good Hollingford ladies. Example: 1872, Sheridan Le Fanu, “Mr. Justice Harbottle,” Chapter 2, in In a Glass Darkly, […] old Judge Harbottle had arranged one of his dubious jollifications, such as might well make the hair of godly men's heads stand upright for that night.
Word: joust Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French jouster (modern French jouter), from Vulgar Latin *juxtō, *iuxtō, *iuxtāre, from Latin iūxta (“close to”). English since the early 14th century. Pronunciation: /d͡ʒaʊst/, /d͡ʒʌʊst/, /d͡ʒuːst/, /d͡ʒʌst/ 1. A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field. Example: medieval joust
Word: joust Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French jouster (modern French jouter), from Vulgar Latin *juxtō, *iuxtō, *iuxtāre, from Latin iūxta (“close to”). English since the early 14th century. Pronunciation: /d͡ʒaʊst/, /d͡ʒʌʊst/, /d͡ʒuːst/, /d͡ʒʌst/ 1. To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt. Example: The knights prepared to joust in the tournament. 2. To engage in verbal sparring over an important issue. (used of two people, both of whom participate more or less equally) Example: verbally joust Example: Politicians often joust with words during debates. 3. To touch penises while engaging in a sex act, especially oral sex. Labels: slang
Word: kinky Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From kink + -y. Compare Spanish canquiñi (“nappy”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɪŋki/ 1. Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl. Example: kinky hair Example: It seemed that there had never been a time when he had not known this moment of waiting while the packed church paused—the sisters in white, heads raised, the brothers in blue, heads back; the white caps of the women seeming to glow in the charged air like crowns, the kinky, gleaming heads of the men seeming to be lifted up—[…] 2. Marked by unconventional sexual preferences or behavior, as fetishism, sadomasochism, and other sexual practices. Labels: informal Example: What had I been expecting, behind that closed door, the first time? At the very least some minor sexual manipulation, some bygone peccadillo now denied him, prohibited by law and punishable by amputation. To be asked to play Scrabble, instead, as if we were an old married couple, or two children, seemed kinky in the extreme, a violation in its own way. Example: Their male customers are often identified as lonely, sleazy, and into kinky sex[…] 3. Queer; eccentric; crotchety.
Word: madmen Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of madman Labels: form-of, plural Example: Hoffman's view is that all terrorists have goals, and that it is dangerous to see them only as madmen bent on destruction.
Word: madman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English mad Proto-Indo-European *mon- Proto-Germanic *mann- Proto-West Germanic *mann Old English mann Middle English man Middle English -man English -man English madman From mad + -man. Pronunciation: /ˈmædmən/, /ˈmædˌmæn/ 1. A man who is insane or mentally disturbed. 2. A person who makes risky and questionable decisions. 3. A daredevil.
Word: madness Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English madnes, madnesse; equivalent to mad + -ness. Pronunciation: /ˈmad.nəs/, /ˈmæd.nəs/, /ˈmæd.nɪs/, /ˈmɛd.nɘs/ 1. The state of being mad; insanity; mental disease. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Though this be madneſſe, / Yet there is Method in 't: […] Example: You were lonely for a man I said, "Take me as I am" 'Cause you might enjoy some madness for a while 2. The state of being angry. Labels: uncountable, usually 3. Rash folly. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: insanity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A three-part word (root 'sane', prefix 'in-' meaning 'not', suffix '-ity', meaning 'the state of'). Derived from Latin precursory equivalents. Two possible candidates for construction order: * insane + -ity: īnsānus (“unhealthy; insane”) + -itās *: Latin īnsānus (“unsound in mind; mad, insane”), from in- + sānus (“sound, sane”). Modern forms of roots: in- + sane * in- + sanity: in- (“lacking; without”) + sānitās (“health; sanity”) *: Latin sānitās (“sound in mind; sane”), from sānus + -itās. Modern forms of roots: sane + -ity Pronunciation: /ɪnˈsænɪti/ 1. The state of being insane; madness. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The defendant pleaded insanity in the hope of getting a reduced sentence. Example: But the bed-side of Lady Marchmont had a darker lesson than the grave, the ravings of insanity revealed the fiery world of that beating and passionate heart. Ethel could only feel too fearful, too humbled, for judgment; but she wept, even while she prayed, beside her early friend.
Word: folly Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English folie, from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”). Pronunciation: /ˈfɑli/, /ˈfɒli/ 1. Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It would be folly to walk all that way, knowing the shops are probably shut by now. Example: With the voices singing in our ears, saying That this was all folly. 2. Thoughtless action resulting in tragic consequence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The purchase of Alaska from Russia was termed Seward's folly. Example: Thames Water has become the latest object lesson in the predictable and predicted folly of privatised monopolies, aided by a regulator that’s an even bigger wet wipe than the fatbergs bunging up the sewers. 3. A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A luncheonette in the shape of a coffee cup is particularly conspicuous, as is intended of an architectural duck or folly. Example: “The Villa Straylight,” said a jeweled thing on the pedestal, in a voice like music, “is a body grown in upon itself, a Gothic folly. […]”
Word: folly Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈfɑli/, /ˈfɒli/ 1. To follow. Labels: dialectal Example: "You got any money?" he said to me. ¶ "Hell no, maybe enough for a pint of whisky till I get to Denver. What about you?" ¶ "I know where I can get some." ¶ "Where?" "Anywhere. You can always folly a man down an alley, can't you?" Example: "Anybody got the makin's?" he said. "That's one hell of a thick bunch of canvas, but I follied the seam."
Word: folly Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Uncertain. The most common theory is that term primarily denotes a clump of trees and relates to French feuille, feuillée and English foliage; it has also been suggested that it refers to some perceived connection or resemblance of the named place to an architectural folly, but many places so named have no architectural follies and cannot be named directly for them. Pronunciation: /ˈfɑli/, /ˈfɒli/ 1. A clump of trees, particularly one on the crest of a hill (or sometimes on a stretch of open ground). Example: 'Every hill seems to have a Folly' [...] 'I mean a clump of trees on the top.' Example: Folly Beach, the next island to the south (batik 3.7), bears the name given it by mariners, who looked for the island's tree-crested dune ridge, a volley or folly of trees, as a navigation guide [...] Probably a lot of East Coast islands bore the temporary name of Folly Beach.
Word: maintain Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English mayntenen, from Old French maintenir, from Late Latin manūteneō, manūtenēre (“I support”), from Latin manū (“with/in/by the hand”, ablative of manus) + tenēre (“to hold”). Pronunciation: /meɪnˈteɪn/, /mənˈteɪn/ 1. To keep up; to preserve; to uphold (a state, condition etc.). Example: maintain contact Example: maintain order 2. To declare or affirm (a clause) to be true; to assert. Example: Pullman traditionalists will no doubt maintain that the full-service-at-every-seat principle is popular with their clientele; [...]. Example: She maintains that the internet should face similar curbs to TV because young people are increasingly living online. "It's totally different, someone at Google watching the video from the comfort of their office in San Francisco to someone from a council house in London, where this video is happening right outside their front door." 3. To keep in good condition and working order. Example: The admirable smoothness of the riding also reflected the greatest credit on those who, despite the difficulties caused by the shortage of men and materials, have succeeded in maintaining the track in such first-class order. 4. To support (someone), to back up or assist (someone) in an action. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: And thenne he asked leue & wente oute of his heremytage for to mayntene his neuewe ageynst the myghty Erle and so hit happed that this man that lyeth here dede dyd so moche by his wysedome and hardynes that the Erle was take and thre of his lordes by force of this dede man. Example: When I left Mr. Bates, I went down to my Father; where, by the Aſſiſtance of him and my Uncle John, and ſome other Relations, I got forty Pounds, and a Promiſe of thirty Pounds a year to maintain me at Leyden: there I ſtudied Phyſick two years and ſeven months, knowing it would be uſeful in long Voyages. 5. To keep composed; to keep one's head up; to stay confident, strong, self-assured; to avoid being a victim; to keep oneself from falling apart. Labels: intransitive, slang Example: No matter what, you gotta maintain.
Word: keep up Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English kepen up (“to perpetuate, maintain, preserve”), equivalent to keep + up. 1. To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling. Labels: transitive Example: This was the West Lancashire Railway, an ambitious but feckless little concern which, in a life lasting a quarter of a century, never earned a dividend, failed to keep up its debenture payments (despite a dangerous attempt to do so by issuing more debentures) and ended up in the hands of a receiver. Example: The NRA is pumping groundwater into the River Itchen in Hampshire to keep up its flow and is trying to save three streams, the Tong, the Little Stour and the Dour from going dry this summer. 2. To continue with (work, etc). Labels: idiomatic, transitive Example: Non obstante the Change of Religion, the Plough-boies, and also the Schooleboies will keep-up and retain their old Ceremonies and Customes and priviledges. Example: Keep up the good work of entertaining your fans on court Steffi; we know you can do it; your fans are behind you all the way. 3. To maintain position; to prevent oneself from falling behind; to stay even or ahead of another while walking, driving, etc. Labels: idiomatic, intransitive Example: They ran so fast I could hardly keep up. Example: Rooney and his team-mates started ponderously, as if sensing the enormity of the occasion, but once Scholes began to link with Ryan Giggs in the middle of the park, the visitors increased the tempo with Sunderland struggling to keep up. 4. To ensure that one remains well-informed about something. Example: I always try to keep up with (or "keep up on") current affairs. 5. To prevent someone from going to bed or to sleep Example: The crying baby kept me up all night 6. To use capital letters as much as reasonable. Labels: obsolete
Word: preserve Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English preserven, from Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin prēservāre (“keep, preserve”), from Late Latin praeservāre (“guard beforehand”), from prae (“before”, adverb) + servāre (“maintain, keep”). Displaced native Old English nerian. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈzɜːv/, /pɹəˈzɝv/ 1. A sweet spread made of any of a variety of fruits. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A reservation, a nature preserve. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Suppose Shakespeare had been knocked on the head some dark night in Sir Thomas Lucy's preserves, the world would have wagged on better or worse, the pitcher gone to the well, the scythe to the corn, and the student to his book; and no one been any the wiser of the loss. 3. An exclusive area of activity. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Kids regard their tree houses as their own preserve. Example: No one can argue with that—neither the Army Commander nor Zhilinsky nor even the Grand Duke. That is the Emperor’s preserve. The Emperor says France must be saved. We can only do his bidding.
Word: preserve Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English preserven, from Old French preserver, from Medieval Latin prēservāre (“keep, preserve”), from Late Latin praeservāre (“guard beforehand”), from prae (“before”, adverb) + servāre (“maintain, keep”). Displaced native Old English nerian. Pronunciation: /pɹəˈzɜːv/, /pɹəˈzɝv/ 1. To protect; to keep from harm or injury. Example: Let's pray that we'd be preserved from danger. Example: Every people has the right to preserve its identity and culture. 2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, such as sugar or salt; to season and prepare (fruits, meat, etc.) for storage. Example: to preserve peaches or grapes 3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact. Example: to preserve appearances; to preserve silence Example: I preserved a composed manner throughout the interrogation.
Word: protect Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Attested in English since 1530, from Latin prōtēctus (“covered, protected”), past participle of prōtegō, prōtegere (“to cover the front, protect”) from prō, prō- (“before, in front of”) + tegō, tegere (“to cover”), see tegument. Largely displaced native Middle English shelden, from Old English sċildan (“to protect,” literally “to shield”). Pronunciation: /pɹəˈtɛkt/ 1. To keep safe; to defend; to guard; to prevent harm coming to. Labels: ambitransitive Example: to protect a child from danger Example: This antivirus package will protect your computer from hackers. 2. To book a passenger on a later flight if there is a chance they will not be able to board their earlier reserved flight.
Word: prevent Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English preventen (“anticipate”), from Latin praeventus, perfect passive participle of praeveniō (“to anticipate”), from prae (“before”) + veniō (“to come”). Pronunciation: /pɹɪˈvɛnt/, /pɹəˈvɛnt/ 1. To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something). Labels: transitive Example: I brush my teeth regularly to prevent tooth decay. Example: Barriers have been put up to prevent more people (from) entering the stadium. 2. To take preventative measures. Labels: archaic, intransitive Example: I think you must be mad, and she shall not have a glimpse of it while I'm here to prevent! 3. To come before; to precede. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. Example: We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. 4. To outdo, surpass. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: With that he put his spurres vnto his steed, / With speare in rest, and toward him did fare, / Like shaft out of a bow preuenting speed. 5. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: their ready guilt preventing thy commands
Word: deteriorating Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /dɪˈtɪəɹ.i.əɹˌeɪ.tɪŋ/ 1. Getting worse. Example: On Monday, chipmaker Nvidia (NVDA) cut its sales outlook for the fourth quarter, citing “deteriorating macroeconomic conditions, particularly in China.” Last week, Intel’s (INTC) CEO also noted that “trade and macro concerns, especially in China, have intensified.”
Word: deteriorating Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /dɪˈtɪəɹ.i.əɹˌeɪ.tɪŋ/ 1. present participle and gerund of deteriorate Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: 'scuse Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Apheretic form of excuse. Pronunciation: /skjuːz/ 1. Excuse. Labels: colloquial, transitive Example: 'Scuse me, when is the bus due?
Word: 'scuse Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Apheretic form of excuse. 1. Excuse me. Labels: colloquial Example: 'Scuse, can I come past?
Word: 'scuse Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Apheretic form of excuse. Pronunciation: /skjuːs/ 1. An excuse. Labels: colloquial Example: Oh! she said we must get our 'scuses — the rule, you know.
Word: makeless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English makeles, equivalent to make (“companion, mate, equal, peer”) + -less. Cognate with Danish mageløs (“matchless”), Swedish makalös (“incomparable, peerless, matchless”). Pronunciation: /ˈmeɪkləs/ 1. Matchless, without equal, peerless. Labels: archaic, not-comparable, rare Example: Consider Cyrus in your cruell thought, A makelesse Prince in riches, and in might. Example: That which I mentioned of the makeless Bride [translating Italian unica sposa] Of God the Spirit[…] 2. Without a mate; widowed. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: For, stoode it with the pleasure of his will To marrie me, my fortune is not such, So hard, that I so long should still persist Makelesse alone in wofull widowhood. Example: The world will wail thee, like a makeless wife.
Word: matchless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From match + -less, modelled after or partly continuing Middle English makeless (“having no peer or equal, matchless”), equivalent to make + -less. Compare Swedish makalös (“incomparable, matchless”), Danish mageløs (“matchless”). 1. Having no match; without equal. Example: [T]he Prince was to declare the victor in the first day's tourney, who should receive as prize a warhorse of exquisite beauty and matchless strength. Example: It was not his matchless talent that exalted Koufax beyond his greatest contemporaries so much as it was his knowledge that character was not connected to talent. 2. Having no mate. Example: In this comedy, a matchmaker has a matchless daughter. Try as he might, he cannot seem to find anyone for her.
Word: matchless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English match Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der. Proto-Germanic *leusaną Proto-Germanic *lausaz Proto-Germanic *-lausaz Proto-West Germanic *-laus Old English -lēas Middle English -les English -less English matchless From match + -less. 1. Without the use of matches for ignition. Labels: not-comparable Example: a matchless stove
Word: think tank Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the use of think tank or think box in the 19th century to refer to the human brain. Pronunciation: /ˈθɪŋk ˌtæŋk/, /ˈθəŋk ˌtɛŋk/, /ˈθɪŋk ˌtaŋk/, /ˈt̪ɪŋk ˌʈaŋk/ 1. A group of people who collectively perform research and develop reports and recommendations on topics relating to strategic planning or public policy, and which is usually funded by corporate, government, or special interests. Labels: idiomatic Example: Why don't we take a leaf out of the government's book and have a think tank? Example: As 1965 drew to a close a secret research project for the United States Department of Defense was concluded by a ‘think-tank’ of seven psychologists at the American Institute for Research, in the Maryland woods outside Washington, DC. 2. The brain. Labels: obsolete Example: Slade’s eyes, china blue and menacing, held hers for an instant, then he turned again to her father and completed his sentence, “or else I think I know a stunt that will speed up your work . . . something that will make your think-tank bubble a bit faster. And if it don’t, then you’ll learn something about Hoppy Slade that you didn’t know before. Go to bed and sleep on that!”
Word: maladies Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of malady Labels: form-of, plural
Word: malady Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English maladie, from Old French maladie (“sickness, illness, disease”), from malade (“ill, sick”), from Latin male habitus (“ill-kept, not in good condition”), 1st century AD. See also malice and habit. Pronunciation: /ˈmæl.ə.di/ 1. Any ailment or disease of the body; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. Example: As, to prevent our maladies unseen, / We sicken to shun sickness when we purge. Example: The maladies of the body may prove medicines of the mind. 2. A moral or mental defect or disorder. Example: Love's a malady without a cure.
Word: ailment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English ail Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom Proto-Italic *-mentom Latin -mentum Old French -mentbor. Middle English -ment English -ment English ailment From ail + -ment. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪ̯lmənt/, [ˈeɪ̯lmənt] ~ [ˈeɪ̯lmn̩t] 1. Something which ails one; a disease; sickness. Example: Near-synonym: complaint (contextually synonymous) Example: He had always been remarkably immune from such little ailments, and had only once in his life been ill, of a vicious pneumonia long ago at school. He hadn't the faintest idea what to with a cold in the head, he just took quinine and continued to blow his nose.
Word: madwoman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English mad Proto-Germanic *wībą Proto-West Germanic *wīb Old English wīf Proto-Indo-European *mon- Proto-Germanic *mann- Proto-West Germanic *mann Old English mann Old English wīfmann Middle English woman Middle English -woman English -woman English madwoman From mad + -woman. 1. A woman who is insane or mentally disturbed. Example: but there seemed to be no reality in the whole scene except poor little Miss Flite, the madwoman, standing on a bench and nodding at it. Example: A madwoman with cropped hair and staring eyes stumbled into the column just ahead of our party, shouted words no one could understand, and fled among the trees.
Word: madwomen Part of Speech: noun 1. plural of madwoman Labels: form-of, plural
Word: acrophobia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From acro- + -phobia. 1. phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level Labels: countable, uncountable Example: You know, being elevated to the position of Chairman has given me rather a bad attack of acrophobia. Example: But it's no place for anyone with acrophobia, what with its myriad drop-offs and switchbacks.
Word: grep Part of Speech: name Etymology: From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print. Pronunciation: /ɡɹɛp/ 1. A program which selects lines in a file which match a given pattern.
Word: grep Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From an idiomatic command sequence in the qed and ed text editors: ‘g/re/p’, meaning: globally search for a regular expression and print. Pronunciation: /ɡɹɛp/ 1. To use a program such as grep to search in a file. Example: You can't grep dead trees. Example: Running netstat and grepping for sshd will give a similar output to this: […] 2. To search anything (perhaps a paper document by eye). Labels: broadly
Word: anthophobia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From antho- + -phobia. 1. Fear of flowers. Labels: uncountable Example: He must be gaga to have forgotten what she said the last time about her strange anthophobia (somehow stemming from that debauche à trois thirty years ago). Roses she never liked anyway.
Word: greppable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English grep Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis Proto-Italic *-ðlis Latin -bilis Latin -ābilis Old French -ablebor. Middle English -able English -able English greppable From grep + -able. Pronunciation: /ˈɡɹɛ.pə.bəl/ 1. In a format suitable for searching with the program grep; able to be grepped. Labels: not-comparable
Word: claustrophobia Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin claustrum (“a shut-in place”), from Latin claudō (“to shut, close; to imprison, confine”) + -phobia. First attested in the British Medical Journal. Pronunciation: /ˌklɒs.trəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/, /ˌklɔː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/, /ˌklɑs.trəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ 1. The abnormal fear of closed, tight places. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: She complained of emaciation, nervousness, tenderness of the scalp, weakness of the back, claustrophobia, and other morbid fears. Example: The first scenes, which take place in a minitheater that keeps shrinking, will be painful for anyone with even a tinge of claustrophobia.
Word: inundation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French inundacion (“flood”) (French inondation), from Latin inundatio (“flood”), form of inundō (“to flood, overflow”) (English inundate). By surface analysis, inundat(e) + -ion. 1. The act of inundating; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The state of being inundated; flooding. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Serious as was the flood damage in England, the bursting of some of the dykes on the coast of Holland resulted in an even more widespread and devastating inundation. 3. An overflowing or superfluous abundance; a flood; a great influx. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: There is an inundation of tourists in summer, but in winter the town is almost deserted. Example: But he did not long abuse my patience, for the objects before him had now put him by all his, and, coming out with that formidable machine of his, he lets the fury loose, and pointing it directly to the pouting-lipt mouth, that bid him sweet defiance in dumb-shew, squeezes in the head, and, driving with refreshed rage, breaks in, and plugs up the whole passage of that soft pleasure-conduit, where he makes all shake again, and put, once more, all within me into such an uproar, as nothing could still but a fresh inundation from the very engine of those flames, as well as from all the springs with which nature floats that reservoir of joy, when risen to its flood-mark.
Word: invalidation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From invalidate + -ion or in- + validation. Pronunciation: /ɪnˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/, /ɪnˌvæl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ 1. The act of invalidating, or the state of being invalidated Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: inveterate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1528, the verb in 1574; borrowed from Latin inveterātus (“of long standing, chronic”), perfect passive participle of inveterō and participial adjective (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + veterō (“to age”), from vetus, veteris (“old”). Cognate with Italian inveterato, French invétéré. By surface analysis, in- (“not, opposite”) + veterate. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/, /ɪnˈvetəɹɪt/ 1. Firmly established from having been around for a long time; of long standing. Example: Near-synonyms: deep-rooted, ingrained, ineradicable, indelible, radicated, chronic, permanent Example: an inveterate disease 2. Having had a habit (usually a bad habit) for a long time. Example: Near-synonyms: hardened, chronic, dyed-in-the-wool Example: an inveterate idler; an inveterate gambler; an inveterate smoker 3. Malignant; virulent; spiteful. Example: A man of mild manners can form no idea of inveterate revenge or cruelty[…] Example: 1765–70, Henry Brooke, The Fool of Quality; or, The History of Henry, Earl of Moreland This his lordship perused with a countenance, and scrutiny, apparently inveterate.
Word: inveterate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The adjective is first attested in 1528, the verb in 1574; borrowed from Latin inveterātus (“of long standing, chronic”), perfect passive participle of inveterō and participial adjective (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from in- (“in, into”) + veterō (“to age”), from vetus, veteris (“old”). Cognate with Italian inveterato, French invétéré. By surface analysis, in- (“not, opposite”) + veterate. Pronunciation: /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/, /ɪnˈvetəɹɪt/ 1. To fix and settle after a long time; to entrench. Labels: obsolete Example: "the vulgar conceived that now there was an end given, and a consummation to superstitious prophecies, the belief of fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men, and to an ancient tacit expectation which had by tradition been infused and inveterated into men's minds." Example: "none of these Princes do use to maintaine any armies together, which are annex'd and inveterated with the governments of the provinces, as were the armies of the Roman Empire. "
Word: irreversible Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Italic *n̥- Latin in- Latin ir- English ir- English reversible English irreversible From ir- + reversible. Pronunciation: /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/, /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɝ.sə.bəl/ 1. Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backwards. Labels: not-comparable Example: an irreversible engine 2. Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled. Labels: not-comparable Example: an irreversible sentence or decree Example: Manganism has been known about since the 19th century, when miners exposed to ores containing manganese[…]began to totter, slur their speech and behave like someone inebriated. The poisoning was irreversible, and soon ended in psychosis and death. 3. Incapable of being reversed to the original state without consumption of free energy and increase of entropy. Labels: not-comparable
Word: irradiation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French irradiacion, from Latin irradiatio. Morphologically irradiate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ɪˌɹeɪdiˈeɪʃən/ 1. An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated. Labels: uncountable 2. An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. illumination; irradiance; brilliance. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 4. mental light or illumination. Labels: countable, figuratively, obsolete, uncountable 5. The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, especially when a little out of focus. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable