nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: cowl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English coule, from Old English cūle, from earlier cugele (“hood, cowl”), from Ecclesiastical Latin cuculla (“monk's cowl”), from Latin cucullus (“hood”), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cagoule. Pronunciation: /kaʊl/, /kəʉl/ 1. A monk's hood that can be pulled forward to cover the face; a robe with such a hood attached to it. Example: c. 1536, William Tyndale, An Exposycyon vpon the v. vi. vii. Chapters of Mathewe, An Exposycyon of the syxte Capiter, And therfore al our monkes whose professyon was neuer to eate fleshe, set vp the Pope and toke dispensacyons bothe for that faste and also for theyr strayte rules, and made theyr strayte rules as wyde as the hodes of theyr cowles. Example: "What differ more (you cry) than Crown and Cowl?" / I'll tell you, friend: a Wiſe man and a Fool. 2. A mask that covers the majority of the head. 3. A thin protective covering over all or part of an engine; also cowling. Example: […] fire was spurting up from the torn engine cowl and glowing in the cockpit. 4. A usually hood-shaped covering used to increase the draft of a chimney and prevent backflow. Example: In the extreme clearness of the atmosphere the line of every roof, the cowl of every chimney was perceptible […] Example: I’m sure I’m very sorry, but it’s always this way when the wind’s in the east, sir, and we’ve tried ever so many sorts of cowls and chimney-pots, you’d be surprised. 5. A ship's ventilator with a bell-shaped top which can be swivelled to catch the wind and force it below. Example: He flung himself at the port ventilator as though he meant to tear it out bodily and toss it overboard. All he did was to move the cowl round a few inches, with an enormous expenditure of force, and seemed spent in the effort. 6. A vertical projection of a ship's funnel that directs the smoke away from the bridge. 7. A monk. Labels: metonymically
Word: cowl Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English coule, from Old English cūle, from earlier cugele (“hood, cowl”), from Ecclesiastical Latin cuculla (“monk's cowl”), from Latin cucullus (“hood”), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cagoule. Pronunciation: /kaʊl/, /kəʉl/ 1. To cover with, or as if with, a cowl (hood). Example: Why cowl thy face beneath the Mourner’s hood, Example: But he by wild and way […] Rode till the star above the wakening sun, Beside that tower where Percivale was cowl’d [i.e. became a monk], Glanced from the rosy forehead of the dawn. 2. To wrap or form (something made of fabric) like a cowl. Example: When he came downstairs from the bar with the whiskies, she had found a sweater for herself and had cowled a thick raincoat over Sligo. Example: As the evenings got colder, he used to reach up and pull down the green baize cloth, and cowl it around himself and wear it like a kind of igloo. 3. To make a monk of (a person). Labels: transitive 4. To scrape together Labels: Yorkshire Example: COWL, scrape together. "Cowlin t'cinders up."
Word: cowl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English coul, covel, from Old French cuvel (“vat”), diminutive of cuve, from Latin cūpa (“tub, cask, tun, vat”). Pronunciation: /kaʊl/, /kəʉl/ 1. A vessel carried on a pole, a soe. Labels: UK, obsolete
Word: cowl Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See caul, probably altered due to semantic association (“something covering the head”). Pronunciation: /kaʊl/, /kəʉl/ 1. A caul (the amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth). Example: According to one of his accounts—and his accounts varied with his audience—he was the seventh son of a seventh son, and born with a cowl on his face […] Example: 1982, André Brink, A Chain of Voices, New York: William Morrow, Part 3, “Campher,” p. 331, […] I’d been born with a cowl, which from my earliest age prompted a wide variety of predictions about my future, alternately dire and enthusiastic.
Word: cowl Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Ulster Scots coul, from Middle English cold. Pronunciation: /kaʊl/, /kəʉl/ 1. cold Example: An' bitther cowl; an' min' ye I had play,
Word: cowman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws Proto-Germanic *kōz Proto-West Germanic *kō Old English cū Middle English cow English cow Proto-Indo-European *mon- Proto-Germanic *mann- Proto-West Germanic *mann Old English mann Middle English man Middle English -man English -man English cowman From cow + -man. 1. A man involved in a free-range cattle business, in either ownership or hired hand roles. 2. A man involved in a dairy cattle or feedlot cattle business. Example: One cousin was rich and had a beautiful estate; the other was poor and was overseer and cowman for his cousin. Example: […] my cowman, who was George's successor at Road Farm […]
Word: cowled Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From cowl + -ed. 1. Wearing a cowl; hooded. Labels: not-comparable Example: She had thrown a shawl about her and, as they went together towards the tram, sprays of her fresh warm breath flew gaily above her cowled head and her shoes tapped blithely on the glassy road. Example: Very soon I became aware that I must have got off the path, for snow-cowled shrubs lay directly in my way […] 2. Fitted with a cowl. (of a chimney) Labels: not-comparable Example: 1977, Richard Adams, The Plague Dogs, Penguin, 1978, Fit 6, p. 234, There were […] drifts of wood-smoke blowing from cowled chimneys. 3. Cucullated. Labels: not-comparable
Word: cowled Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From cowl + -ed. 1. simple past and past participle of cowl Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: cowpea Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cow + pea. Pronunciation: /ˈkaʊpiː/ 1. Any of the plants in the species Vigna unguiculata, including the black-eyed pea.
Word: cowpox Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From cow + pox. 1. A pustular, eruptive skin disease of cattle caused by a virus of species Orthopoxvirus cowpox, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur from touching cows, and gives immunity to smallpox. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: cowry Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of cowrie. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: They tie [...] a string of cowry beads around their neck.
Word: cox Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Clipping of coxswain. Pronunciation: /kɒks/, /kɑks/ 1. A coxswain of a boat, especially of a racing crew. Example: A particularly nervous boy was appointed cox, and the steering principle explained to him by Joskins. Joskins himself took stroke. He told the others that it was simple enough; all they had to do was to follow him.
Word: cox Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Clipping of coxswain. Pronunciation: /kɒks/, /kɑks/ 1. To act as coxswain for. Labels: ambitransitive Example: The physicist Stephen Hawking used to cox for a college rowing team. Example: I coxed the lightweight 4+ yesterday.
Word: coxed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of cox Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: coxed Part of Speech: adj 1. Having a cox Labels: not-comparable
Word: coxing Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of cox Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: coyed Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of coy Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: coying Part of Speech: adj 1. Enticing.
Word: coying Part of Speech: verb 1. present participle and gerund of coy Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: cozens Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of cozen Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: craped Part of Speech: verb 1. simple past and past participle of crape Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: craw Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”). The root appears to be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”), though the identity and meaning of the suffix is unclear. Compare Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”). Other Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2). Pronunciation: /kɹɔː/ 1. The stomach of an animal. Labels: archaic 2. The crop of a bird.
Word: craw Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”). The root appears to be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”), though the identity and meaning of the suffix is unclear. Compare Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”). Other Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2). Pronunciation: /kɹɔː/ 1. To caw, crow. Labels: archaic Example: The night was now pitmirk; the wind soughed amid the head-stones and railings of the gentry, (for we must all die,) and the black corbies in the steeple-holes cackled and crawed in a fearsome manner.
Word: cress Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cresse, crasse, from Old English cressa, cærse (“cress”), from Proto-West Germanic *krassjō, from Proto-Germanic *krasjô (“cress”). Cognate with West Frisian kers (“cress”), Dutch kers (“cress”), German Kresse (“cress”), Danish karse (“cress”), Swedish krasse (“cress”), Icelandic krassi (“cress”). Pronunciation: /kɹɛs/ 1. A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Marcus Empiricus, a Roma physician, prescribed three scruples of cress, three of red onion, three of pine seed, three of Indian nard, for impotence.
Word: cress Part of Speech: noun 1. Archaic form of kris. Labels: alt-of, archaic
Word: crewel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Of unknown origin; earlier forms include crule, crewle, and croole. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹuː.əl/, /ˈkɹuːl/ 1. Worsted yarn, slackly twisted, used for embroidery. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: First for a May-fly: you may make his body with greenish colored crewel or willowish color
Word: crewel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Of unknown origin; earlier forms include crule, crewle, and croole. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹuː.əl/, /ˈkɹuːl/ 1. To make (embroidery) using the crewel method. Labels: transitive
Word: hadron Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós, “thick”) + -on. Coined by Russian physicist Lev Okun in 1962 in a plenary talk at the International Conference on High Energy Physics. Pronunciation: /ˈhæd.ɹɒn/, /ˈhæd.ɹɑn/ 1. A composite particle that comprises two or more quarks held together by the strong force and (consequently) can interact with other particles via said force; a meson or a baryon. Labels: particle Example: The weak decays of b hadrons are dominated by the spectator model process whereby the b quark decays to a c quark (or occasionally a u quark) with the emission of an external W, while the non-b antiquark or diquark acts simply as a passive spectator to the decay. Example: One can use the lattice simulations, which do represent the rigorous consequences of non-perturbative QCD, as guidance for models of hadron structure.
Word: rather Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English rather, from Old English hraþor, comparative of hraþe (“soon, early, fast”). More at rathe. Cognate with Dutch radder (“faster”), comparative of Dutch rad (“fast; quick”), German Low German radd, ratt (“rashly; quickly; hastily”), German gerade (“even; straight; direct”). By surface analysis, rathe + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹæðɚ/, /ˈɹʌðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹɛðəɹ/, /ˈɹɑːðə(ɹ)/ 1. Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) Labels: not-comparable Example: I'd rather not have spent all the money, but it really was an emergency. Example: I would like this one rather than the other one. 2. Used to introduce a contradiction; on the contrary. Labels: conjunctive, not-comparable Example: It wasn't supposed to be popular; rather, it was supposed to get the job done. Example: She didn't go along, but rather went home instead. 3. Introducing a qualification or clarification; more precisely. (Now usually preceded by or.) Labels: conjunctive, not-comparable Example: What the pupil already knew was indeed rather taken for granted than expressed, but it performed the useful function of transcending all textbooks, and supplanting all studies. Example: 1898, J. A. Hamilton, "Stanley, Edward George Geoffrey Smith", in Sidney Lee (Ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, Volume LIV: Stanhope–Stovin, The MacMillan Company, page 60, His ‘Iliad’ is spirited and polished, and, though often rather a paraphrase than a translation, is always more truly poetic than most of the best translations. 4. Somewhat, quite; to an unexpected degree. Labels: not-comparable Example: It's been rather/quite a good meal overall, but this melon is rather too tasteless. Example: We had some rather worse news today. 5. 2005, Annabelle du Fouet, “The murky world from whence it all came” (chapter 2), in Weather Balloons Make Rotten Sex Toys, Ellora's Cave, →ISBN, page 45 Labels: not-comparable 6. 2005, Annabelle du Fouet, “The murky world from whence it all came” (chapter 2), in Weather Balloons Make Rotten Sex Toys, Ellora's Cave, →ISBN, page 45: Translated from the original Latin, it reads, “Ivan the third; does it with birds.” Rather juvenile, don’t you think? Labels: not-comparable 7. More quickly. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: Pompey, being elated and filled with confidence by this victory, made all haste to engage Sertorius himself, and the rather lest Metellus should come in for a share in the honour of the victory.
Word: rather Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English rather, from Old English hraþor, comparative of hraþe (“soon, early, fast”). More at rathe. Cognate with Dutch radder (“faster”), comparative of Dutch rad (“fast; quick”), German Low German radd, ratt (“rashly; quickly; hastily”), German gerade (“even; straight; direct”). By surface analysis, rathe + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹæðɚ/, /ˈɹʌðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹɛðəɹ/, /ˈɹɑːðə(ɹ)/ 1. Prior; earlier; former. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: Now no man dwelleth at the rather town of Damietta.
Word: rather Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From Middle English rather, from Old English hraþor, comparative of hraþe (“soon, early, fast”). More at rathe. Cognate with Dutch radder (“faster”), comparative of Dutch rad (“fast; quick”), German Low German radd, ratt (“rashly; quickly; hastily”), German gerade (“even; straight; direct”). By surface analysis, rathe + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/, /ˌɹɑːˈðɜː(ɹ)/, /ˈɹæðɚ/, /ˈɹʌðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹɛðəɹ/ 1. An enthusiastic affirmation. Labels: England, dated Example: Would you like some? –Rather! Example: "Do you mean to say, young man," she said frostily, "that you expect me to drink this stuff?" ¶ "Rather! Bucks you up, you know."
Word: rather Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rather, from Old English hraþor, comparative of hraþe (“soon, early, fast”). More at rathe. Cognate with Dutch radder (“faster”), comparative of Dutch rad (“fast; quick”), German Low German radd, ratt (“rashly; quickly; hastily”), German gerade (“even; straight; direct”). By surface analysis, rathe + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹæðɚ/, /ˈɹʌðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹɛðəɹ/, /ˈɹɑːðə(ɹ)/ 1. A choice or a preference. Labels: dated, informal, uncommon Example: If I had my rathers I'd make up my own band. Art Blakey on the skins, Charlie Mingus on the bass, John Coltrane on the sax, Harry Edison on the horn- Example: I would rather do it by myself. I would rather, if I had my rathers, not be seen doing it.
Word: rather Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English rather, from Old English hraþor, comparative of hraþe (“soon, early, fast”). More at rathe. Cognate with Dutch radder (“faster”), comparative of Dutch rad (“fast; quick”), German Low German radd, ratt (“rashly; quickly; hastily”), German gerade (“even; straight; direct”). By surface analysis, rathe + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹæðɚ/, /ˈɹʌðə(ɹ)/, /ˈɹɛðəɹ/, /ˈɹɑːðə(ɹ)/ 1. To prefer; to prefer to. Labels: dialectal, nonstandard Example: You'd rather us be dead. Example: Until just before the pie was popped into the heat. A few of them suddenly realized who put that gorgeous hunk of crackers together, and gaped. We grinned back, but very cool. The ones who knew said nothing, rathering to die than let on they had been hustled by two negative dudes.
Word: aviate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Back-formation from aviator. Pronunciation: /ˈeɪvieɪt/ 1. To operate an aircraft.
Word: balboa Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa. See also Balboa. Pronunciation: /bælˈbəʊə/ 1. The currency of Panama, divided into 100 centésimos
Word: batik Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Javanese bathik. Pronunciation: /bəˈtiːk/ 1. A wax-resist method of dyeing fabric. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: There were batik dresses in which mingled indigo, orange, green, vermilion, and black; dresses of velvet and chiffon in screaming colors, blood-red, sulphur-yellow, sea-green; and one black and white thing in striking combination. Example: Look at her, whirling around the compound wearing batik shorts and a cotton shirt, her long black hair braided into two arcs fastened with colored bands, her teeth gleaming and one slipper broken.
Word: batik Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from Javanese bathik. Pronunciation: /bəˈtiːk/ 1. To dye fabric using the wax-resist method.
Word: bebop Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Alteration of earlier rebop, nonsense syllables used in scat singing in the 1940s. Compare doo be doo be doo, doo-wop, etc. Pronunciation: /ˈbiːbɒp/, /ˈbibɑp/ 1. An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies. Labels: uncountable
Word: bebop Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Alteration of earlier rebop, nonsense syllables used in scat singing in the 1940s. Compare doo be doo be doo, doo-wop, etc. Pronunciation: /ˈbiːbɒp/, /ˈbibɑp/ 1. To participate in bebop jazz, such as by dancing in a way associated with the genre. Labels: intransitive Example: Six months into their career, the Clash already showed themselves the equal of any rock band that had come before them, simply by assaulting the last frontier of rock mythology: the notion that the rock audience, like some sort of bebopping proletariat, was a receptacle of goodness and hope, and that rock 'n' roll offered redemption. Example: “The studios think we are having a horrible time out here,” said Richard Potter, a screenwriter who made “Strike Dancing,” a YouTube video showing pickets bebopping in formation to “Play That Funky Music.” 2. To walk in an easygoing, carefree manner. Labels: informal, intransitive, usually Example: Typically one could spot Chet bebopping down the sidewalk in an Amish hat, or hunched over a cafeteria table discussing Calvinism or the Vietnam war. Example: I can't even say it was the people who board and casually whack off the top of your head with their slung-over-the-shoulder carry-ons as they obliviously bebop down the aisle to locate their seats.
Word: bitt Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /bɪt/ 1. The bitts. 2. A bollard.
Word: bitt Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /bɪt/ 1. To put round the bitts. Labels: transitive Example: to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to slacken it gradually, which is called veering away
Word: defence Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English defens, defense, from Old French defens, defense, from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“protection”). Displaced Old English bewering. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfɛns/ 1. The action of defending, of protecting from attack, danger or injury. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: In cases of defence ’tis best to weigh The enemy more mighty than he seems: 2. Something used to oppose attacks. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: And nothing ’gainst Time’s scythe can make defence Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence. Example: As governments and health officials continue to flip-flop on vaccine age requirements, and anti-vaxxers spread falsehoods through social media and protests, the vaxxie might just be a powerful line of defence against vaccine hesitancy. 3. An argument in support or justification of something. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: Speak of my lameness, and I straight will halt, Against thy reasons making no defence. Example: In Hodgson's defence, it must be stated that in large parts this was a vibrant, energetic performance with the emphasis almost exclusively on attack. 4. A strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring; contrasted with offence. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: But the Danes remained resolute in defence - largely thanks to a spirited display by captain Daniel Agger - and they went ahead with their first meaningful attack. 5. The portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring; contrasted with offence. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: The most persistent tormentor was Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, who scored a hat-trick in last month’s corresponding fixture in Iceland. His ability to run at defences is instantly striking, but it is his clever use of possession that has persuaded some shrewd judges that he is an even better prospect than Theo Walcott. 6. Government policy or (infra)structure related to the military. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable Example: Department of Defence 7. Prohibition; a prohibitory ordinance. Labels: UK, countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: 1673, William Temple, “An Essay upon the Advancement of Trade in Ireland” in Miscellanea, London: Edw[ard] Gellibrand, 1680, p. 116, […] severe defences may be made against weaving any Linnen under a certain breadth, such as may be of better use to the poorest People […]
Word: defence Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English defencen, defensen, from Old French defenser or its etymon, Latin dēfēnsō. Pronunciation: /dɪˈfɛns/ 1. To furnish with defences; to fortify. Labels: UK, obsolete, transitive Example: Better manned and more strongly defenced.
Word: bogy Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈboʊ.ɡi/ 1. Alternative form of bogey. Labels: alt-of, alternative 2. Alternative form of bogie. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: borate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Middle Persian *bōragbor. Arabic بَوْرَق (bawraq)der. Medieval Latin boraxder. Anglo-Norman boreisbor. Middle English boras English borax English boro- Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃-der.? Latin carbōnemlbor. French carbonebor. English carbonbf. English -on English bor(on) English -ate English borate From bor(on) + -ate. 1. The oxyanion BO₃³⁻ or any of several more complex derivatives. 2. Any salt or ester formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical.
Word: bund Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From German Bund (“alliance, league”). Doublet of Bund, bond, and band. Pronunciation: /bʊnd/ 1. A league or confederacy; especially the confederation of German states. 2. A group of foreign sympathizers of Nazi Germany, most notoriously before and during World War II.
Word: bund Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Hindustani بند / बंद (band), from Classical Persian بند (band). Pronunciation: /bʌnd/ 1. A secondary enclosure, typically consisting of a wall or berm, which surrounds a tank or fluid-handling mechanism, intended to contain any spills or leaks. Example: The most important of these [secondary containment] provisions are bunds, which are enclosures capable of holding liquids that may escape from the vessels and pipes within the bund wall. 2. A perennial ("wet") or seasonal ("dry") pond constructed in a depression and in which fish are stored, typically for breeding. Labels: India 3. An embankment. Example: It is pleasant to see the Chinese domestics and their families; or native ladies dressed in silks, their glossy hair held in by a broad black velvet band with a spray of pearls in front, being propelled along the bund in their hand-carts; but they are not used among Europeans, excepting after dark. Example: A massive opening in the bund (embankment), specifically there to screen the quarry from view, was needed, along with a Midland Railway-style bridge carrying a historic bridleway.
Word: bund Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Hindustani بند / बंद (band), from Classical Persian بند (band). Pronunciation: /bʌnd/ 1. To provide berms or other secondary enclosures to guard against accidental fluid spills within. Example: Plant room floors are generally bunded and/or waterproofed to contain any leaks or spillages of liquids and fluids from faulty tanks, plant or pipe work.
Word: bund Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Variant of bandh, from Hindi बंध (bandh); see that entry for more. Doublet of etymology 2 above. Pronunciation: /bʌnd/ 1. Alternative form of bandh. Labels: India, alt-of, alternative
Word: despite Part of Speech: prep Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English despit, dispit, from Old French despit, from Latin dēspectum (“looking down on”), from dēspiciō (“to look down, despise”). The preposition is derived from Middle English dispit, itself derived from the phrase in dispit of (in despite of). Compare typologically Russian несмотря́ на (nesmotrjá na) (< смотре́ть (smotrétʹ)); невзира́я на (nevzirája na) (< взира́ть (vzirátʹ)), презре́в (prezrév) (< презре́ть (prezrétʹ) <~ зреть (zretʹ)) (compare despite—despise relation). Pronunciation: /dɪˈspaɪt/ 1. In spite of, not with standing. Example: Despite being a near-mirror image my of right, my left hand is terrible at these stuff. Example: So thou through windowes of thine age ſhalt ſee, Diſpight of wrinkles this thy goulden time.
Word: despite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The noun is derived from Middle English despit, dispit, from Old French despit, from Latin dēspectum (“looking down on”), from dēspiciō (“to look down, despise”). The preposition is derived from Middle English dispit, itself derived from the phrase in dispit of (in despite of). Compare typologically Russian несмотря́ на (nesmotrjá na) (< смотре́ть (smotrétʹ)); невзира́я на (nevzirája na) (< взира́ть (vzirátʹ)), презре́в (prezrév) (< презре́ть (prezrétʹ) <~ зреть (zretʹ)) (compare despite—despise relation). Pronunciation: /dɪˈspaɪt/ 1. Disdain, contemptuous feelings, hatred. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable Example: A fals double tunge is more fiers and fell Then Cerberus the cur couching in the kenel of hel; Wherof hereafter, I thinke for to write, Example: Thou waſt euer an obſtinate heretique in the deſpight of Beautie. 2. Action or behaviour displaying such feelings; an outrage, insult. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: he aſked kynge Arthur yf he wold gyue hym leue to ryde after Balen and to reuenge the deſpyte that he had done Doo your beſt ſaid Arthur I am right wroth ſaid Balen I wold he were quyte of the deſpyte that he hath done to me and to my Courte Example: Of how much sorer punishment suppose ye, shall hee be thought worthy, who hath troden vnder foote þe Sonne of God, and hath counted the blood of the couenant wherwith he was sanctified, an vnholy thing, and hath done despite vnto the spirit of grace? 3. Evil feeling; malice, spite, annoyance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: How often am I obliged to speak mal à propos, because my features are not sufficiently charming in a state of repose!—how often is my ingenuity racked to find a word, when a look would have been far better! I am compelled to be amusing, in my own despite. Example: And for these Corcyraeans—neither receive them into alliance in our despite, nor be their abettors in crime.
Word: despite Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English despite, dispite, dyspite, dyspyte, from Old French despitier. Pronunciation: /dɪˈspaɪt/ 1. To vex; to annoy; to offend contemptuously. Labels: obsolete Example: to despite his opposites
Word: charr Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative spelling of char (fish) Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: chaw Part of Speech: noun Etymology: An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”). Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɔ/, /t͡ʃɑ/, /t͡ʃɔː/ 1. That which is chewed. Labels: countable 2. Chewing tobacco. Labels: Appalachia, informal, uncountable Example: When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth. Example: "YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther."
Word: chaw Part of Speech: verb Etymology: An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”). Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɔ/, /t͡ʃɑ/, /t͡ʃɔː/ 1. To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud). Labels: Southern-US Example: The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt, Example: And next to him malicious Envy rode, Upon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw Betweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […] 2. To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: "I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight, And chawing vengeaunce all the way I went, Soone as my loathed love appeard in sight, With wrathfull hand I slew her innocent; 3. To steal. Labels: UK, slang Example: Some pikey's chawed my bike. 4. To be sulky. Labels: dialectal, intransitive
Word: chaw Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle, jawe (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or from Middle English *chawe, *chowe, from Old English *ċēawe, *ċēowe (“jaw”), or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɔ/, /t͡ʃɑ/, /t͡ʃɔː/ 1. The jaw. Labels: obsolete Example: all the poison ran about his chaw
Word: chaw Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /t͡ʃɔ/, /t͡ʃɑ/, /t͡ʃɔː/ 1. Obsolete form of cha (“tea”). Labels: alt-of, obsolete, uncountable
Word: chined Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From chine + -ed. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃaɪnd/ 1. Pertaining to, or having, a (particular type of) chine or backbone. Labels: not-comparable 2. Broken in the back. Labels: not-comparable, obsolete Example: Hee's chin'd, he's chin'd, good man, he is a mourner.
Word: chined Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From chine + -ed. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃaɪnd/ 1. simple past and past participle of chine Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: chiton Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Ancient Greek χιτών (khitṓn, “tunic”), from a Central Semitic *kittan, from the Akkadian 𒌆𒃰 (kitû, literally “flax, linen”), from Sumerian 𒄑𒃰 (kitû [GIŠ.GADA]). Pronunciation: /ˈkaɪtn̩/, /ˈkaɪtɑn/, /ˈkaɪtɒn/ 1. A loose woolen tunic worn by men and women in Ancient Greece and in Ancient Rome. Labels: historical Example: The Athenian maiden, unlike her Spartan sister, did not think it proper to publicly exhibit her bodily skill and beauty in a short chiton, but taking a bath seems to have been among her every-day habits as is shown by the numerous bathing scenes on vases. Example: On the night of our first attempt, we simply overdrank and passed out in our chitons in the woods near Francis’s house.
Word: chiton Part of Speech: noun Etymology: ] From New Latin chiton. See above. Pronunciation: /ˈkaɪtn̩/, /ˈkaɪtɑn/, /ˈkaɪtɒn/ 1. Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton. Example: In the giant chiton, Cryptochiton, this girdle has expanded so as to completely cover the plates. Example: The chiton (Fig. 14.1 a) is depressed (dorso-ventrally flattened), with a large foot which has a flat sole.
Word: distemper Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French destemprer, from Latin distemperare. Pronunciation: /dɪsˈtɛmpə(ɹ)/ 1. A viral disease of animals, such as dogs and cats, characterised by fever, coughing and catarrh. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A disorder of the humours of the body; a disease. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: […] and is the onlie laſt remedie for all debilities which haue long vexed the body through a hote diſtemper of the Lever, ſuch as a hote Gutte; it allayeth all Inflamations inward & outward. Example: O perplex'd diſcompoſition, O ridling diſtemper, O miſerable condition of Man. 3. A glue-based paint. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. A painting produced with this kind of paint. Labels: countable
Word: distemper Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French destemprer, from Latin distemperare. Pronunciation: /dɪsˈtɛmpə(ɹ)/ 1. To temper or mix unduly; to make disproportionate; to change the due proportions of. 2. To derange the functions of, whether bodily, mental, or spiritual; to disorder; to disease. Example: Guildenstern. The King, sir— Hamlet. Ay, sir, what of him? Guildenstern. Is in his retirement, marvellous distemper’d. Hamlet. With drink, sir? Guildenstern. No, my lord; rather with choler. Example: The imagination, when completely distempered, is the most incurable of all disordered faculties. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation; to disturb; to ruffle; to make disaffected, ill-humoured, or malignant. Example: 1799-1800, Samuel Taylor Coleridge (translator), The Piccolomini by Friedrich Schiller, Boston: Francis A. Niccolls & Co., 1902, p. 37, I have been long accustomed to defend you, To heal and pacify distempered spirits. 4. To intoxicate. Example: For the Courtiers reeling, And the Duke himselfe, (I dare not say distemperd, But kind, and in his tottering chaire carousing) They doe the countrie service. 5. To paint using distemper. Example: He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own. Example: We cleaned out the cellars, fixed the shelves, distempered the walls, polished the woodwork, whitewashed the ceiling, stained the floor; 6. To mix (colours) in the way of distemper. Example: to distemper colors with size
Word: doing Part of Speech: verb Etymology: See do. Pronunciation: /ˈduːɪŋ/, /ˈdiːɪn/ 1. present participle and gerund of do Labels: form-of, gerund, participle, present
Word: doing Part of Speech: noun Etymology: See do. Pronunciation: /ˈduːɪŋ/, /ˈdiːɪn/ 1. A deed or action, especially when somebody is held responsible for it. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: This is his doing. (= "He did it.") Example: Draining that swamp is going to take some doing!
Word: doing Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Pronunciation: /dɔɪŋ/ 1. The sound made by an elastic object when struck by or striking a hard object.
Word: bluet Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English blawede, blewed, blewet, bloued, blowed, bloweth, from Middle English blewe (“blue”). Alternatively, perhaps from Old French bleuet (diminutive of bleu (“blue”)). Compare modern French bleuet (“cornflower”). By surface analysis, blue + -et. Pronunciation: /bluːɪt/ 1. Any of several different plants, from several genera, having bluish flowers. Labels: countable Example: My breathing shakes the bluet like a breeze …. Example: They passed undulating fields of wheat speckled with the confetti of poppies and bluets. 2. Any of several different plants, from several genera, having bluish flowers. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Any of several different plants, from several genera, having bluish flowers. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Any of several small damselfly species, including the genera Coenagrion and Enallagma. Labels: countable 5. A kind of blue woolen cloth. Labels: historical, uncountable, usually Example: For the Feast of the Assumption, cloth of bluet and of rayed (i.e., striped) scarlet was bought for the robes of the Prince [Edward] and Sir John de Bretagne. Example: Bogo de Clare’s esquires were bought three cloths of scarlet ray and three of yellow cloth, together with furs and hoods of budge (lambskin). Bogo himself had bluet (blue cloth) and perse (dark-blue cloth), […]
Word: cony Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cony, back formation from conies (plural), from Anglo-Norman conis, the plural of connil (“rabbit”), from Latin cunīculus, of unknown origin. Cognate to Catalan conill, Dutch konijn, German Kaninchen, Spanish conejo, and Portuguese coelho. The original pronunciation was /ˈkʌni/ (for the spelling, compare honey and money), but the similarity to cunt (and particularly homophony with cunny) led through taboo avoidance both to the word's displacement in the main by rabbit and bunny and to the spelling-pronunciation /ˈkəʊni/ becoming standard. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊ.ni/, /ˈkoʊ.ni/ 1. A rabbit, especially the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (formerly known as Lepus cuniculus). Example: I were skynnes of conny, / That causeth I loke so donny. Example: ORLANDO. Are you native of this place? / ROSALIND. As the cony that you see / dwell where she is kindled. 2. Rabbit fur. Labels: UK, dialectal 3. Locally for other rabbit-like or hyrax-like animals, such as the Cape hyrax (das, dassie) or the pika (Ochotona princeps, formerly Lagomys princeps). 4. Locally for other rabbit-like or hyrax-like animals, such as the Cape hyrax (das, dassie) or the pika (Ochotona princeps, formerly Lagomys princeps). 5. A simpleton; one who may be taken in by a cony-catcher. Labels: obsolete Example: It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of cony and cony catcher. 6. An edible West Indian fish, a grouper given in different sources as: Epinephelus apua, the hind of Bermuda; nigger-fish, Epinephelus punctatus; Cephalopholis fulva. 7. Any of certain members of family Epinephelidae of Atlantic groupers, such as mutton hamlets, graysby, Cuban coneys, and rooster hinds. 8. A burbot. Labels: UK, dialectal 9. A woman; a sweetheart. Labels: obsolete
Word: cozen Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From coz(y) + -en. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊzən/, /ˈkoʊzən/ 1. To become cozy; (by extension) to become acquainted, comfortable, or familiar with. Labels: intransitive Example: "As I see it, Master Fraser, a 'bairn' ought to be verra concerned when a mon thrice her age cozens up to her." Example: A wasp nest cozened up in the corner of the far ceiling.
Word: cozen Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Perhaps from obsolete Italian cozzonare (“to cheat”), from cozzone (“middleman, broker”), from Latin cōciō (“dealer”). Pronunciation: /ˈkʌzən/ 1. To cheat; to defraud; to deceive, usually by small arts, or in a pitiful way. Labels: archaic Example: […] good Vulcan, for Cupids sake that hath cousned us all: befriend us as thou maiest […] Example: What diuell was't / That thus hath couſend you at hoodman-blinde?
Word: crump Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Pronunciation: /kɹʌmp/ 1. The sound of a muffled explosion. Example: And there was another bit [of a hymn]: ‘To an inheritance incorruptible. … Through faith unto salvation, Ready to be revealèd at the last trump.’ For ‘trump’ we always used to sing ‘crump.’ ‘The last crump’ was the end of the war and would we ever hear it burst safely behind us? Example: Crump, crack! A shell exploded near them and the whole aircraft yawned to port as if somebody had punched it through the sky.
Word: crump Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Onomatopoeic. Pronunciation: /kɹʌmp/ 1. To produce such a sound. Labels: intransitive Example: “Mortars crumped, and from the high ground to the east and south came the shriek of 88-millimeter shells, green fireballs that whizzed through the dunes at half a mile a second, trailing golden plumes of dust.”
Word: crump Part of Speech: adj Etymology: See crumb. Pronunciation: /kɹʌmp/ 1. Hard or crusty; dry baked Labels: Scotland, UK, dialectal Example: a crump loaf
Word: crump Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English crump, cromp, croume, from Old English crump, crumb (“stooping, bent, crooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *krump, from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz, *krumbaz (“bent”). Compare Dutch krom (“bent”), German krumm (“crooked”), Danish krum. Related to cramp. Pronunciation: /kɹʌmp/ 1. Crooked; bent. Labels: obsolete Example: Crooked backs and crump shoulders.
Word: crump Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English crump, cromp, croume, from Old English crump, crumb (“stooping, bent, crooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *krump, from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz, *krumbaz (“bent”). Compare Dutch krom (“bent”), German krumm (“crooked”), Danish krum. Related to cramp. Pronunciation: /kɹʌmp/ 1. To decline rapidly in health (but not as rapidly as crash). Labels: US, intransitive Example: I can only be in one place at a time, so sometimes I just have to say, “Listen, I’ve got this other patient that’s crumping down the hall.[”] Example: if the patient is acutely crumping from cardiac arrest, do not waste time doing an ECG when you could be performing CPR.
Word: crux Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin crux (“cross, wooden frame for execution”), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). Doublet of cross and crouch (“cross”). Pronunciation: /kɹʌks/, /kɹʊks/, /kɾʌks/, /krəks/, /kɹɐks/ 1. The basic, central, or essential point or feature. Example: The crux of her argument was that the roadways needed repair before anything else could be accomplished. 2. The critical or transitional moment or issue, a turning point. Example: The mad certitude of the ogre, Abel Tiffauges, that he stands at the crux of history and that he will be able to raise Prussia "to a higher power" (p. 180), contrasts sharply with the anxiety and doubt attendant upon most modern literary dreams. Example: The movie hits its dramatic crux an hour in, when Reality [Winner], at work at the contractor’s facility in Georgia, discovers what she deems a tragic scandal. 3. A puzzle or difficulty. Example: What I have advanced upon this species of verse will contribute to solve a poetical problem, thrown out by Dryden as a crux to his brethren Example: The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists. 4. The hardest point of a climb. Example: the real crux of the climb was encountered Example: The final half-mile was the crux of the climb. 5. A cross on a coat of arms.
Word: cud Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English code, cudde, coude, quede, quide, from Old English cudu, cwidu, from Proto-West Germanic *kwidu, from Proto-Germanic *kweduz (“resin”). Doublet of quid (“material for chewing”). Cognate with German Kitt and Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”). Pronunciation: /kʌd/, /kʊd/ 1. The portion of food which is brought back into the mouth by ruminants from their rumen, to be chewed a second time. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: cud Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English code, cudde, coude, quede, quide, from Old English cudu, cwidu, from Proto-West Germanic *kwidu, from Proto-Germanic *kweduz (“resin”). Doublet of quid (“material for chewing”). Cognate with German Kitt and Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”). Pronunciation: /kʌd/, /kʊd/ 1. To bring back into the mouth and chew a second time. Labels: transitive Example: Here were two ladies nearly fifty years old, throwing back their heads to sing love songs, nursery songs, hymns, God Save the Queen, Rule Britannia—songs that spilled over the drawing-room as easily as Small's cow songs spilled over the yard, only Small's songs were new, fresh grass snatched as the cow snatched pasture grass. The ladies’ songs were rechews—cudded fodder. Example: […] although the wagon wheels perpetually flung up rivers of red sand, and she travelled in a column of whirling ruddy dust, the sweet perfumes of newly cudded grass mingled with it, mile after mile, as if the four-divided stomachs of the great oxen were filled with nothing but concentrated memories of hours of grazing along the water heavy vleis.
Word: cud Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Shortened form of could. Pronunciation: /kʊd/ 1. Eye dialect spelling of could. Labels: alt-of, informal, nonstandard, pronunciation-spelling Example: 'Twas the anchor-ice comin' up. To the right, to the lift, as far as iver a man cud see, the water was covered with the same.
Word: cue Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cu (used for half a farthing, from q as an abbreviation for Latin quadrāns (“quarter of an as”)), from Latin cū, kū. Compare French ku. Pronunciation: /kjuː/, /kjʉw/, /kju/, /kjʉ/, /kɪʊ/ 1. The name of the Latin script letter Q/q. Example: "My name is Quinn," said Quinn. "Cue-you-eye-en-en." 2. A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a farthing or half farthing and noted with a q (for Latin quadrāns (“farthing”)) in the buttery books. Labels: UK, obsolete
Word: cue Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From earlier qu, abbreviation of Latin quandō (“when”), marked on actor's play copy where they were to begin. Pronunciation: /kjuː/, /kjʉw/, /kju/, /kjʉ/, /kɪʊ/ 1. An action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something. Example: This time Cudicini was left helpless when Natcho stepped up to expertly curl the ball into the top corner. That was the cue for further pressure from the Russian side and it took further Cudicini saves to keep the score down. 2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation for the next actor to speak; any word or words which serve to remind an actor to speak or to do something; a catchword. Example: When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. 3. A marker or signal that triggers something, such as the start of an audio recording. 4. A hint or intimation. Example: Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two lines as he leaves the house. 5. Humour; temper of mind. Labels: obsolete
Word: cue Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From earlier qu, abbreviation of Latin quandō (“when”), marked on actor's play copy where they were to begin. Pronunciation: /kjuː/, /kjʉw/, /kju/, /kjʉ/, /kɪʊ/ 1. To give someone a cue signal. Example: Cue the cameraman, and action! Example: The episode also opens with an inspired bit of business for Homer, who blithely refuses to acquiesce to an elderly neighbor’s utterly reasonable request that he help make the process of selling her house easier by wearing pants when he gallivants about in front of windows, throw out his impressive collection of rotting Jack-O-Lanterns from previous Halloweens and take out his garbage, as it’s attracting wildlife (cue moose and Northern Exposure theme song). 2. To spark or provoke. Labels: broadly Example: These techniques can cue an open dialogue with your interviewer. Example: The teenager, as beloved a full-back as any in these parts since Danny McGrain was tearing it up, cut in, shot and saw his attempt deflected in off Sterling's boot. Cue more pandemonium.