nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: write down Part of Speech: verb 1. Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see write, down. Example: I can't write down in the basement; it's cold there and my fingers cramp and get stiff. 2. To produce or set (something) down in writing; to record something. Labels: transitive 3. To write (something) in a simple or condescending style. Labels: ambitransitive Example: Good heavens, I can't write down to the level of the vulgar public! 4. To make a downward adjustment in the value of an asset. Labels: transitive 5. To condemn in writing; to document the faults, offenses, or wrongdoing of. Labels: transitive Example: By 1859, D. Morier Evans was exhibiting [George] Hudson as the principal character in his rogues' gallery entitled "Facts, Failures and Frauds"; and at the hands of modern economic historians he has been written down as a common swindler. Example: See also: cite
Word: emblazon Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From en- + blazon, from Old French blason (“shield”). Pronunciation: /ɪmˈbleɪzən/, /ɛmˈbleɪzən/ 1. To adorn with prominent markings. Labels: transitive Example: The route passes over low-lying land, the only item of note being the Cerebos salt works at Greatham, where one may catch a glimpse of the smart black diesel locomotive emblazoned with the firm's name writ large. 2. To inscribe upon. Labels: transitive Example: The benefactor's image is emblazoned on our memory. Example: Welcome to QAnon, sometimes referred to as “the Storm.” It’s a conspiracy theory that’s swept social media and is starting to break into the mainstream, with Trump rally attendees in Florida on July 31 holding signs and wearing T-shirts emblazoned with “We are Q” and the conspiracy theory’s main catchphrase, “Where we go one, we go all.” 3. To draw (a coat of arms); depict a heraldic device on something. Labels: transitive Example: The ordered system of symbols which we know as heraldry came into being in the twelfth century to meet a military need. These symbols were emblazoned on shields, surcoats and fighting flags, and served as an invaluable means of identification when the features were obscured by the great helm. 4. To celebrate or extol as with deeds or merit. Labels: transitive
Word: write-off Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Deverbal from write off. 1. The cancellation of an item; the amount cancelled or lost. 2. Something that is now worthless (such as a car after an accident).
Word: write-off Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Deverbal from write off. 1. Nonstandard form of write off. Labels: alt-of, nonstandard Example: If you are eager to manufacture the recharging unit, the analyst will be tempted to write-off the equipment over its physical life and provide you with a lower breakeven volume. If you prefer to outsource, the analyst will be tempted to write-off the equipment over its tax life and provide you with a higher breakeven volume. Example: This has spurred major efforts to write-off loans by the two pilot banks and considerable progress at the largest of the SOCBs (the ICBC).
Word: ridotto Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Italian ridotto (“foyer”). Doublet of redoubt. Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈdɒtəʊ/, /ɹəˈdoʊtoʊ/ 1. A public ball, typically a masquerade, popular in the 18th century. Labels: historical Example: May 26, 1742, Horace Walpole, letter to Horace Mann There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets. Example: Night came, with that increase of gaiety which has always been night's peculiar privilege—perhaps on the principle of contrast. Monday, it was the ridotto; Tuesday, the opera; Wednesday, Ranelagh; Thursday, the play; Friday, a ball; Saturday, a rout, or else a little of all these blended together. 2. An arrangement or abridgment of a piece from the full score.
Word: writing desk Part of Speech: noun 1. A desk at which someone may write.
Word: framework Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From frame + work. Pronunciation: /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/, /ˈfɹeɪm.wɝk/, /ˈfɹæɪm.wɜːk/ 1. A support structure comprising joined parts or conglomerated particles and intervening open spaces of similar or larger size. Labels: literally 2. The arrangement of support beams that represent a building's general shape and size. Labels: literally 3. The larger branches of a tree that determine its shape. Labels: figuratively 4. A basic conceptual structure. Labels: figuratively Example: These ‘three principles of connexion’ compose the framework of principles in Hume's account of the association of ideas. Example: He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record. With this biological framework in place, Corning endeavors to show that the capitalist system as currently practiced in the United States and elsewhere is manifestly unfair. 5. A reusable piece of code (and, sometimes, other utilities) providing a standard environment within which an application can be implemented. 6. An established and structured system of rules and principles used for analyzing and describing the structure of a language.
Word: writing pad Part of Speech: noun 1. A collection of blank pages of writing paper, bound together, often with a cardboard cover.
Word: erect Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English erect, a borrowing from Latin ērectus (“upright”), past participle of ērigō (“raise, set up”), from ē- (“out”) + regō (“to direct, keep straight, guide”). Pronunciation: /ɪˈɹɛkt/ 1. Upright; vertical or reaching broadly upwards. Example: Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect—a column in a scene of ruins. 2. Rigid, firm; standing out perpendicularly, especially as the result of stimulation. Example: The penis should be fully erect before commencing copulation. Example: erect nipples 3. Having an erect penis or clitoris. Example: OK, baby, I'm erect now. Let's get it on! 4. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed. Labels: obsolete Example: But who is he, by years / Bowed, but erect in heart? 5. Directed upward; raised; uplifted. Labels: obsolete Example: His piercing Eyes, erect, appear to vievv / Superior VVorlds, and look all Nature thro'. 6. Watchful; alert. Example: vigilant and erect attention of mind 7. Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.
Word: erect Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English erecten, from the adjective (see above). Pronunciation: /ɪˈɹɛkt/ 1. To put up by the fitting together of materials or parts. Labels: transitive Example: to erect a house or a fort 2. To cause to stand up or out. Labels: transitive 3. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise. Example: to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc. 4. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise. Labels: intransitive Example: As soon as electrical power was restored, the attitude indicators' gyros would have begun to erect. 5. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify. Labels: transitive Example: that didst his state above his hopes erect Example: , Preface I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. 6. To animate; to encourage; to cheer. Labels: transitive Example: It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance. 7. To cast or draw up (a figure of the heavens, horoscope etc.). Labels: transitive Example: In 1581 Parliament made it a statutory felony to erect figures, cast nativities, or calculate by prophecy how long the Queen would live or who would succeed her. 8. To enter a state of physiological erection. Labels: intransitive Example: On the 17th of July, the patient returned to the country, perfectly healed: the penis erected and he was capable of coition. Example: On an adequate stimulus the penis erected, the testes were drawn up, and the dartos muscle slowly contracted. 9. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, etc. Labels: transitive Example: from fallacious foundations, and misapprehended mediums, erecting conclusions no way inferrible from their premises Example: Malebranche erects this proposition. 10. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. Labels: transitive Example: to erect a new commonwealth Example: In 1686, he was appointed one of the Commissioners in the new ecclesiastical commission erected by King James, and was proud of that honour.
Word: writing paper Part of Speech: noun 1. Paper designed to be written on with ink; it may be ruled or unruled. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: dramatic Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek δράω (dráō) Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă) Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma) Proto-Indo-European *-tis Ancient Greek -τις (-tis) Ancient Greek -σῐς (-sĭs) Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Hellenic *-kos Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Hellenic *-tós Ancient Greek -τος (-tos) ▲ Ancient Greek -κός (-kós) ? Ancient Greek -τικός (-tikós) Ancient Greek δρᾱμᾰτῐκός (drāmătĭkós)bor. Latin drāmaticuslbor. English dramatic Learned borrowing from Latin drāmaticus. By surface analysis, drama + -tic. Pronunciation: /dɹəˈmætɪk/ 1. Of or relating to the drama. Example: Monteverde found the conditions of dramatic music more favourable to his experiments than those of choral music, in which both voices and ears are at their highest sensibility to discord. Example: The Orestea is in effect one great single tragedy in three separate parts, each with its own dramatic purpose, yet harmonized by a common inspiration—three great acts of a drama, simple but complex; the whole, as its component members, showing unity of action in rise, crisis, and fall, and progressing in a series of like orderly stages toward a definite dramatic goal. 2. Striking in appearance or effect. Example: a dramatic view of the Alps Example: Each year remarkable advances in prenatal medicine bring ever more dramatic confirmation of what common sense told us all along-that the child in the womb is simply what each of us once was: a very young, very small, dependent, vulnerable member of the human family. 3. Having a powerful, expressive singing voice. 4. Tending to exaggerate in order to get attention. Labels: informal Example: You're not bleeding out; the knife barely scratched your skin. Stop being so dramatic!
Word: wrongdoer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From wrong + doer. 1. Someone who does wrong, whether morally, ethically, or in contravention of a law. Example: Get and keep wrongdoers out of your thorp (village). Example: Where the owner of the property and several insurers have rights of action for different portions of the value, all arising out of the same wrongful act, they may join in a single action against the wrongdoër.
Word: wrongful Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English wrongful, equivalent to wrong + -ful. Pronunciation: /ˈɹɒŋfəl/ 1. wrong or unjust Example: And now, with the tyranny of wrongful power, "The loathsome mark has fallen, the mall remains Sceptreless, free, uncircumscribed, but man Equal, unclassed, tribeless, and nationless, Exempt from awe, worship, degree, the king Over himself; just, gentle, wise." 2. unlawful or illegal
Word: gifted Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈɡɪftɪd/ 1. Endowed with special, in particular intellectual, abilities. Example: a gifted artist Example: a school for gifted children
Word: gifted Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈɡɪftɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of gift Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: gifted Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈɡɪftɪd/ 1. A person who has special abilities or unusually great intellect. Example: […] the gifteds would have to sit on a side table, getting cramp, or lean against the wall, sliding off into vertigo. Example: […] the gifteds' social characteristics were more common than sensible. The belief prevailed that gifted students were withdrawn, scared, rejected subjects who were more to be pitied than emulated.
Word: wrongheaded Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From wrong + headed. 1. Having an obstinately (persistently, stubbornly) perverse/erroneous opinion or judgement. Example: He's not just wrong, but wrongheaded, about raising the kids. Example: Reputation—a mere barren reputation, that brings nothing with it, save a post obit bond on posterity—has lost its ancient value: and the panters after posthumous reputation are now closely confined to a few wrongheaded enthusiasts, […]
Word: compromise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French compromis, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin compromissum (“a compromise, originally a mutual promise to refer to arbitration”), prop. neuter of Latin compromissus, past participle of compromittere (“to make a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter”), from com- (“together”) + promittere (“to promise”); see promise. Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/, /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/, /ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑez/, [ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑe̯z], [ˈkɔ̟mpɹəˌmɑe̯z] 1. The settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: But basely yielded upon compromise / That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows. Example: All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter. 2. A committal to something derogatory or objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: a compromise of character or right Example: I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the compromise of that sex the belonging to which was, after all, my strongest claim and title to them. 3. A breach of a computer or network's rules such that an unauthorized disclosure or loss of sensitive information may have occurred, or the unauthorized disclosure or loss itself. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: compromise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French compromis, from Medieval Latin, Late Latin compromissum (“a compromise, originally a mutual promise to refer to arbitration”), prop. neuter of Latin compromissus, past participle of compromittere (“to make a mutual promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter”), from com- (“together”) + promittere (“to promise”); see promise. Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/, /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/, /ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑez/, [ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑe̯z], [ˈkɔ̟mpɹəˌmɑe̯z] 1. To bind by mutual agreement. Labels: ambitransitive Example: Laban and himself were compromised / That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied / Should fall as Jacob's hire. Example: In all the flutter of peace talk, a public desire to be done with war, and a readiness to compromise through mediation, was revealed. 2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to compound. Example: The controversy may easily be compromised. 3. To find a way between extremes. Labels: intransitive 4. To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion. Example: to pardon all who had been compromised in the late disturbances 5. To cause impairment of. Labels: transitive 6. To breach (a security system). Labels: transitive Example: They tried to compromise the security in the computer by guessing the password.
Word: talented Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Middle English talent English talent English -ed English talented From talent + -ed. Pronunciation: /ˈtæləntɪd/ 1. Endowed with one or more talents. Example: talented child Example: talented pianist
Word: colonel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First attested in the 1540s, from Middle French coronnel, from Old Italian colonnello (“the officer of a small company of soldiers (column) that marched at the head of a regiment”), from compagnia colonnella (“little column company”), from Latin columna (“pillar”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”), o-grade form from a Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be elevated, be prominent”). See hill, holm. The French spelling was reformed late 16th century. The English spelling was modified in 1580s in learned writing to conform to the Italian form (via translations of Italian military manuals), and differing pronunciations (either with "r" or "l") coexisted until around 1650, where it came to be pronounced with "r" only. Spanish and Portuguese coronel, also from Italian, shows similar evolution by dissimilation and perhaps by influence of corona. Pronunciation: /ˈkɜː.nl̩/, [ˈkɜː.nl̩], /ˈkɝ.nl̩/, [ˈkɝ.nl̩] 1. A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines). Example: The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it. […] But there was not a more lascivious reprobate and gourmand in all London than this same Greystone. 2. A military leader, distinct from the modern professional military rank. Labels: historical Example: General Charles-Maximilian Fiennes was made colonel of the army. 3. An honorary civilian title bestowed by some southern US states, most commonly Kentucky; notably Colonel Sanders of KFC. Example: "Colonel" was often used as an honorific, indicating no actual military service: between 1792 and 1916, according to Ron Bryant, a curator at the Kentucky Historical Society, 400 of the 650 colonels commissioned were honorary. 4. An informal title used to address an elderly man. Labels: Southern-US, dated 5. A form of address for an auctioneer, from the American Civil War practice of commanding officers organizing the public sale of seized goods. Labels: US
Word: colonel Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in the 1540s, from Middle French coronnel, from Old Italian colonnello (“the officer of a small company of soldiers (column) that marched at the head of a regiment”), from compagnia colonnella (“little column company”), from Latin columna (“pillar”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”), o-grade form from a Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be elevated, be prominent”). See hill, holm. The French spelling was reformed late 16th century. The English spelling was modified in 1580s in learned writing to conform to the Italian form (via translations of Italian military manuals), and differing pronunciations (either with "r" or "l") coexisted until around 1650, where it came to be pronounced with "r" only. Spanish and Portuguese coronel, also from Italian, shows similar evolution by dissimilation and perhaps by influence of corona. Pronunciation: /ˈkɜː.nl̩/, [ˈkɜː.nl̩], /ˈkɝ.nl̩/, [ˈkɝ.nl̩] 1. To act as or like a colonel. Labels: intransitive Example: Then did Sir Knight abandon dwelling, And out he rode Colonelling.
Word: usable Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Old French usable, from the verb user (“to use”). Pronunciation: /ˈjuː.zə.bəl/ 1. Capable of being used. Example: The late Professor Pat White was an outspoken critic. In his 1986 book Forgotten Railways, he dismissed as smoke and mirrors the oft-used argument that 33% of rail routes carried only 1% of the traffic, as it ignores the fact that a third of the national road network also only carried 2% of cars and lorries. But unlike rail, road got away with it because no mention was made of how much it cost the taxpayer to keep them usable. 2. Easy to use; exhibiting good usability. 3. homosexual Example: 2019 episode 1 A Very English Scandal Are you telling me that you were useable?
Word: equipoise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *aikʷos Latin aiquos Latin aequus Latin aequi-der. English equi- English poise English equipoise From equi- + poise. Pronunciation: /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/ 1. A state of balance; equilibrium. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Government was unnerved, confounded, and in a manner suspended. Its equipoise was totally gone. Example: “An easy evasion”, retorted the excited bride, who had lost her mental equipoise. 2. A counterbalance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Perhaps that quality which existed, in spite of the equipoise against it, in Sir Howard, was fidelity in friendship. Example: The cone's not fixed, it's hung by a chain from a lever, and balanced by an equipoise.
Word: equipoise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *aikʷos Latin aiquos Latin aequus Latin aequi-der. English equi- English poise English equipoise From equi- + poise. Pronunciation: /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/ 1. To act or make to act as an equipoise. Labels: transitive 2. To cause to be or stay in equipoise. Labels: transitive
Word: bridle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English bridel, from Old English brīdel, from Proto-West Germanic *brigdil, from Proto-Germanic *brigdilaz (“strap, rein”), equivalent to braid + -le. Pronunciation: /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ 1. The headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins. Example: […] the horseman, who is the user of bridles and knows their use 2. A restraint; a curb; a check. Labels: figuratively Example: Let wisdom put a bridle on them before they are grown head-strong and unruly 3. A length of line or cable attached to two parts of something to spread the force of a pull, as the rigging on a kite for attaching line. 4. A mooring hawser. 5. A piece in the interior of a gunlock which holds in place the tumbler, sear, etc. 6. A gesture expressing pride or vanity.
Word: bridle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English bridel, from Old English brīdel, from Proto-West Germanic *brigdil, from Proto-Germanic *brigdilaz (“strap, rein”), equivalent to braid + -le. Pronunciation: /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ 1. To put a bridle on. Labels: transitive Example: He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. 2. To check, restrain, or control with, or as if with, a bridle; as in bridle your tongue. Labels: transitive Example: Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. 3. To show hostility or resentment. Labels: intransitive Example: Immigrant-rights and religious organizations bridled at the plan to favor highly skilled workers over relatives. (Houston Chronicle, 6/8/2007) 4. To hold up one's head proudly or affectedly. Labels: intransitive
Word: euphonious Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From euphonical + -ous (suffix forming adjectives denoting possession or presence of a quality, commonly in abundance). Euphonical is derived from euphonic + -al (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’); with euphonic from euphony + -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’), and euphony borrowed from French euphonie, from Ancient Greek εὐφωνία (euphōnía), from εὐ- (eu-, prefix meaning ‘good, well’) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound; (human) voice; discourse, speech”) (from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say, speak”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Pronunciation: /juːˈfəʊ.nɪ.əs/, /juˈfoʊ.ni.əs/ 1. Of sounds, especially speech: demonstrating or possessing euphony; agreeable to the ear; pleasant-sounding. Example: Before I ſet forward on my travels, I choſe to change my name from Collier to Coglioni or Collioni, as more euphonious; […] Example: We think it difficult to copy more successfully a model so curiously polished as the Botanic Garden; to assemble ideas more luxuriously elegant; to annex epithets more unexpectedly apposite: or to harmonize couplets more imitative and euphonious.
Word: dissipate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1425, in Middle English, the adjective from 1606 to 1765; from Middle English dissipaten, from Latin dissipātus, perfect passive participle of dissipō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), also written dissupō (“to scatter, disperse, demolish, destroy, squander, dissipate”), from dis- (“apart”) + supō (“to throw”). Doublet of dissipe (“to dissipate”), now obsolete. Pronunciation: /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/ 1. To drive away, disperse. Labels: transitive Example: August 1773, James Cook, journal entry I soon dissipated his fears. Example: The extreme tendency of civilization is to dissipate all intellectual energy. 2. To use up or waste; squander. Labels: transitive Example: The vast wealth […] was in three years dissipated. Example: So much for the effort and ingenuity of Montmartre. All the catering to vice and waste was on an utterly childish scale, and he suddenly realized the meaning of the word "dissipate"—to dissipate into thin air; to make nothing out of something. 3. To vanish by dispersion. Labels: intransitive 4. To cause energy to be lost through its conversion to heat. Example: The traction motors serve as generators when dynamic braking is used, the generated output being dissipated in fan-cooled resistance banks mounted in a removable roof section. Example: Regenerative braking is retained. Like rheostatic braking, this uses the traction motors to provide a braking effort, but the current developed is fed back into the overhead catenary rather than dissipated through resistance banks. 5. To be dissolute in conduct. Labels: colloquial, dated, intransitive
Word: dissipate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The verb is first attested in 1425, in Middle English, the adjective from 1606 to 1765; from Middle English dissipaten, from Latin dissipātus, perfect passive participle of dissipō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), also written dissupō (“to scatter, disperse, demolish, destroy, squander, dissipate”), from dis- (“apart”) + supō (“to throw”). Doublet of dissipe (“to dissipate”), now obsolete. Pronunciation: /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/ 1. dissipated Labels: obsolete
Word: dispersion Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From disperse + -ion, from Middle English dispersioun, from Old French dispersion, from Latin dispersiō. Pronunciation: /dɪˈspɜːʒən/, /dɪˈspɝʒən/, /dəˈspøːʒən/ 1. The state of being dispersed. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A process of dispersing. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The degree of scatter of data. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. The separation of waves of different frequency in space or time; the amount of such separation. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The removal of inflammation. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: refraction Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *wre- Latin re- Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Latin frangō Latin refringō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin refrāctiōbor. English refraction Borrowed from Latin refrāctiō. Pronunciation: /ɹəˈfɹækʃən/ 1. The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The degree to which a metal or compound can withstand heat Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: erectile Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From French érectile, from Latin erectus, past participle of erigere, equivalent to erect + -ile. Pronunciation: /əˈɹɛktaɪl/ 1. Capable of being raised to an upright position. Labels: not-comparable 2. Capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid. Labels: not-comparable Example: The penis and clitoris contain erectile tissue which responds to sexual stimulation. Example: The observation that topical application of nitroglycerin to the penis may lead to erection adequate for sexual intercourse (Talley and Crawley 1985) has stimulated several investigations on the efficacy of this potential mode of treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Word: scapegrace Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From scape (“(archaic) escape”) + grace (“grace of god”). Pronunciation: /ˈskeɪpɡɹeɪs/ 1. A wild and reckless person (especially a boy); a scoundrel. Example: He is now laden with that superabundant energy which makes a fool of a man, and a scapegrace of a boy, and he wants to work it off. Example: An infantry officer in the trenches, Graves wrote of his rocky and scapegrace return to civilian life: "I still had the Army Habit of commandeering anything of uncertain ownership that I found lying about; also a difficulty in telling the truth--it was always easier for me now, when charged with any fault, to lie my way out in Army style."
Word: heraldry Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From herald + -ry. First attested in 1572. Displaced earlier heraldy, equivalent to herald + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈhɛɹ.əl.dɹi/ 1. The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank. Labels: uncountable Example: Rouge Dragon Pursuivant is a specialist in heraldry at the College of Arms. Example: The ordered system of symbols which we know as heraldry came into being in the twelfth century to meet a military need. These symbols were emblazoned on shields, surcoats and fighting flags, and served as an invaluable means of identification when the features were obscured by the great helm. 2. An armorial ensign along with its history and description. Labels: countable 3. Pageantry. Labels: uncountable Example: Onlookers were impressed by the rich and colorful heraldry.
Word: scintilla Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Existing in English since the 17th century; borrowed from Latin scintilla (“spark”). Pronunciation: /sɪnˈtɪlə/ 1. A small spark or flash. Example: If the action of the electrodynamic waves is so violent that, even without artificial electrification of the secondary conductor, scintillæ occur in its spark-gap, the aluminium leaves remain almost without change. 2. A small or trace amount. Labels: figuratively Example: a scintilla of hope Example: And, if I except the sagacious remark of General Duane which has been so curtly brushed aside, not a scintilla of light has been cast upon these causes by any researches ever published by the Lighthouse Board of Washington.
Word: scintillant Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈsɪntɪlənt/ 1. That scintillates. Example: The father said with patience, "I will bestow on you my fine white horse, my Expansible Egg for your shelter, my Scintillant Dagger to illuminate the night […] Example: It had suddenly began to snow, though the sky was pure platinum, and the slow scintillant downcome got reflected in the silent looking glass.
Word: excoriate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/, /ɪkˈskoʊɹ.iˌeɪt/ 1. to remove the skin and/or fur of, to flay, to skin Labels: transitive 2. To wear off the skin of; to chafe. Labels: transitive 3. To strongly condemn or criticize. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: The teacher continued to excoriate the student after his academic issues. Example: Madeleina di Farja had described Ori, and Cutter had envisaged an angry, frantic, pugnacious boy eager to fight, excoriating his comrades for supposed quiescence.
Word: excoriate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/, /ɪkˈskoʊɹ.iˌeɪt/ 1. Excoriated. Labels: obsolete Example: If the bowelles be excoriate, ye shall gyue thys peculier remedy.
Word: exculpate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Medieval Latin exculpātus, perfect passive participle of exculpō (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from ex- (“out, from”) + culpa (“fault; blame”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /ˈɛkskəlpeɪt/ 1. To clear of or to free from guilt; exonerate. Example: 1896, Edward Manson, J. S. Henderson (editors), Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy and Companies' Winding-Up, Volume 3, Sweet & Maxwell, page 72, When one comes to look at subsection 7, it is quite clear that the Court can only allow expenses to a person ordered to attend for examination if in the opinion of the Court he is exculpated from any of the charges made or suggested against him. Example: The inquest on keeper Davidson was duly held, and at the commencement seemed likely to cause Tony Palliser less anxiety than he had expected. Northrop knew all about Tony's flirtation with Lucy Davidson, but it also knew a good deal more about that lady than Tony did, and exculpated him.
Word: exigency Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French exigence, from Late Latin exigentia (“urgency”) (from exigēns + -ia), from exigere (“to demand”). Pronunciation: /ˈɛksɪd͡ʒənsi/, /ˈɛɡzəd͡ʒənsi/, /ˈɛksəd͡ʒənsi/, /ɛ(k).si.d͡ʒɤn.si/ 1. The demands or requirements of a situation which often demand immediate action. Labels: countable, in-plural, uncountable Example: My business is with you, and you only. You should not have undertaken your office, unless prepared for its various exigencies. Example: No ordinary man could have escaped those frightful claws when Numa sprang from so short a distance, but Tarzan was no ordinary man. From earliest childhood his muscles had been trained by the fierce exigencies of his existence to act with the rapidity of thought. 2. An urgent situation, one requiring extreme effort or attention. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: upstage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage. Pronunciation: /ʌpˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ 1. The part of a stage that is farthest from the audience or camera. Labels: uncountable
Word: upstage Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage. Pronunciation: /ʌpˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Toward or at the rear of a theatrical stage. Example: The actor turned and walked upstage. 2. Away from the audience or camera.
Word: upstage Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage. Pronunciation: /ʌpˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ 1. At the rear of a stage. Example: The minimalist play used no upstage scenery. 2. Haughty, aloof. Labels: figuratively, obsolete Example: If she hasn't time for this or that, if she refuses to make or keep appointments, if her face does not greet all comers with a sweet and charming smile, then the word is passed around that ‘So-and-So is getting high-hat and up-stage.’
Word: upstage Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From up- + stage. The figurative uses “haughty” and “to draw attention away” derive from actors moving to a higher and thus more visible position on a sloped stage. Pronunciation: /ʌpˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ 1. To draw attention away from others, especially on-stage. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: She only wore that dress to upstage everyone. Example: Although constantly upstaged by Miss Moore's vocal flings, Cary Grant brought the appropriate note of light comedy to his role. 2. To force other actors to face away from the audience by staying upstage. Labels: transitive 3. To treat snobbishly. Labels: broadly, transitive 4. To restage upward; to restage (a case of a disease, usually a cancer) to a higher stage than that found at last assessment. Labels: transitive Example: Almost one-third of patients were upstaged after re-exploration, three-quarters of whom actually had stage III disease.
Word: childe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old English ċild. Pronunciation: /t͡ʃaɪld/ 1. Obsolete form of child. Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: I will that non childe of myne have any childe's parte of my goodes saving thies childer here in my will namyd, […] Example: It'm I gyue & bequithe vnto my Mr iij childringe my beste coalte […] It'm I bequithe & gyue vnto yt childe yt my wiffe is wth all at this p'sente fortie […] 2. A child of noble birth. 3. The cognomen given to the oldest son prior to his taking his father's title. Example: Childe Rowland to the dark tower came. His word was still "Fie, foh, and fum, I smell the blood of a British man." 4. A vampire who was turned by another vampire (the childe's sire) in a particular way. Example: She had waded in blood and reveled in death, she had torn her enemies asunder with shadow and given their childer to the flame. Example: Alexander, the ancient vampire who has ruled Paris for many centuries, has been deposed by his own childe, Sir Geoffrey.
Word: HTTPS Part of Speech: name 1. Initialism of Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, an extension to HTTP that uses an encrypted form of data transfer on the Internet. Labels: Internet, abbreviation, alt-of, initialism
Word: perfin Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the first syllables of perforated initial. 1. Perforated initial; a series of small holes punched into a stamp and forming a letter, series of letters or other design for the purpose of preventing the unauthorized use of the stamps. 2. A stamp marked with perforated initials.
Word: arduous Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”). Pronunciation: /ˈɑː.djuː.əs/, /ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/, /ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/ 1. Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance. Example: The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle. Example: Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four. 2. burning; ardent Labels: obsolete Example: 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore. 3. Difficult or exhausting to traverse. Example: Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles. Example: Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.
Word: discourage Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage. Pronunciation: /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/, /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ 1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject. Labels: transitive Example: Don't be discouraged by the amount of work left to do: you'll finish it in good time. Example: Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged. 2. To persuade somebody not to do (something). Labels: transitive Example: Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can.
Word: discourage Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage. Pronunciation: /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/, /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ 1. Lack of courage Labels: rare, uncountable
Word: syncretism Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin syncretismus, from Ancient Greek συγκρητισμός (sunkrētismós, “federation of Cretan cities”), from συγκρητίζω (sunkrētízō, “to unite against a common enemy”), from σύν (sún, “together”) (see English syn-) + Κρῆτες (Krêtes, “Cretans”). By surface analysis, syn- + Crete + -ism (“Crete joining together”). Pronunciation: /ˈsɪŋkɹəˌtɪzm̩/ 1. The reconciliation or fusion of different systems or beliefs (religious, cultural, or otherwise cosmologic or ontologic). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Having thus established his trinity of hypotheses, M. Lamennais deduces therefrom, by a badly connected chain of analogies, his whole philosophy. And it is here especially that we notice the syncretism which is peculiar to him. The theory of M. Lamennais embraces all systems, and supports all opinions. Example: It provides a more natural explanation of the Colossian syncretism as stemming from local religious impulses that continued to wield a powerful draw on people converted to Christianity from the local Jewish communities and pagan cults.[…]The kind of syncretism we find at Colossae was not unique to that city or region. 2. The fusion of different inflexional forms. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In this paper a distinction is assumed between full syncretism, which affects whole morphemes, and partial syncretism, which affects only some case allomorphs, and also between syncretism proper and mere loss of a case morpheme. Example: Romanian conjugation displays several cases of syncretism, in which two paradigmatic slots share the same grammatical desinence.[…]On the other hand, the syncretisms of the imperfect and subjunctive are not phonologically conditioned and, as such, apply to every verb without exception.
Word: thorough Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English thoruȝ, þoruȝ, from Old English þuruh, a byform of Old English þurh, whence comes English through. The adjective derives from the preposition and adverb. The word developed a syllabic form in cases where the word was fully stressed: when it was used as an adverb, adjective, or noun, and less commonly when used as a preposition. Pronunciation: /ˈθʌɹə/, /ˈθʊɹə/, /ˈθʌɾə/, /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, /ˈθɝoʊ/ 1. Painstaking and careful not to miss or omit any detail. Example: The Prime Minister announced a thorough investigation into the death of a father-of-two in police custody. Example: Not enough! Your work has to be thorougher than this. 2. Utter; complete; absolute. Example: Dr. Oldfield once said to me, 'You talk to me quite all right, but why is it that you never open your lips at a committee meeting? You are a drone.' I appreciated the banter. The bees are ever busy, the drone is a thorough idler.
Word: thorough Part of Speech: prep Etymology: From Middle English thoruȝ, þoruȝ, from Old English þuruh, a byform of Old English þurh, whence comes English through. The adjective derives from the preposition and adverb. The word developed a syllabic form in cases where the word was fully stressed: when it was used as an adverb, adjective, or noun, and less commonly when used as a preposition. Pronunciation: /ˈθʌɹə/, /ˈθʊɹə/, /ˈθʌɾə/, /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, /ˈθɝoʊ/ 1. Through. Labels: archaic Example: Ye might haue ſeene the frothy billowes fry Vnder the ſhip, as thorough them ſhe went […] Example: You are contented to be led in triumph Thorough the streets of Rome?
Word: thorough Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English thoruȝ, þoruȝ, from Old English þuruh, a byform of Old English þurh, whence comes English through. The adjective derives from the preposition and adverb. The word developed a syllabic form in cases where the word was fully stressed: when it was used as an adverb, adjective, or noun, and less commonly when used as a preposition. Pronunciation: /ˈθʌɹə/, /ˈθʊɹə/, /ˈθʌɾə/, /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, /ˈθɝoʊ/ 1. A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water. Labels: UK, dialectal Example: The Ignorance and Idleness of the Plowman, who either goes so shallow, or plows his Thoroughs so wide, or misses Part of the Ground.
Word: vacationist Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Middle English vacation English vacation Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English vacationist From vacation + -ist. 1. Someone who is on vacation. Example: Anyone was welcome to ride. And as the train rolled along the backwoods section it picked up countless non-paying passengers from among vacationists and boys from camps.
Word: vacationer Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Middle English vacation English vacation English -er English vacationer From vacation + -er. Pronunciation: /vəˈkeɪ.ʃən.ə(ɹ)/ 1. Someone who is on vacation Labels: US
Word: vaccinal Part of Speech: adj 1. Of or relating to vaccine or vaccination Labels: not-comparable 2. Caused by vaccination Labels: not-comparable
Word: painstaking Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From pains + taking; see take pains. The /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/ pronunciation which dominates in the United States suggests a reanalysis of the word as pain + staking. Pronunciation: /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/, /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/ 1. Carefully attentive to details; studious; diligent in performing a process or procedure. Example: All these painstaking men, considered together, may be said to have completed another species of criticism. Example: It is hoped to feature the historic vehicles to be found on the line in a future article, so that full justice may be done to the painstaking work of renovation on many of them, such as the North Eastern Railway Coach Group's NER autocoach No 3453.
Word: painstaking Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From pains + taking; see take pains. The /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/ pronunciation which dominates in the United States suggests a reanalysis of the word as pain + staking. Pronunciation: /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/, /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/ 1. The application of careful and attentive effort. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I esteeme Bocace his Decameron, Rabelais, and the kisses of John the second (if they may be placed under this title) worth the paines-taking to reade them. Example: It is not by a flight of imagination that you gain the ascents of spiritual experience. It is by the toils and the watchings and the painstakings of a solid obedience.
Word: vacuum flask Part of Speech: noun 1. A Dewar vessel, a scientific instrument used to store liquified gases. 2. A type of glass flask used in a laboratory similar to an Erlenmeyer flask, but with a side spout used for connection to an aspirator. 3. Synonym of thermos.
Word: Dewar vessel Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after James Dewar. 1. A type of double-walled vacuum flask with silver lining.
Word: Dewar flask Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after James Dewar. 1. A type of double-walled vacuum flask with silver lining.
Word: hanged Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈhæŋd/, /ˈheɪ̯ŋd/, /ˈhɛ̃ŋd/ 1. simple past and past participle of hang (now only when referring to the method of execution, elsewhere hung is used) Labels: form-of, participle, past Example: The Londoners seeing that they could get no vantage against the duke, who was without their reach, to bewreak their anger they took his arms, which in most despiteful wise they hanged up in the open places of the city in sign of reproach, as for a traitor; […]
Word: hanged Part of Speech: adj Pronunciation: /ˈhæŋd/, /ˈheɪ̯ŋd/, /ˈhɛ̃ŋd/ 1. damned (as an intensifier or vehement denial) Labels: euphemistic, informal, not-comparable Example: I'm hanged if I know how to get the idea through his thick skull!
Word: executed Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːtɪd/, /ˈɛksəˌkjuːtɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of execute Labels: form-of, participle, past
Word: libretto Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Italian libretto, diminutive of libro (“book”), from Latin liber (“book”). Pronunciation: /lɪˈbɹɛt.əʊ/, /lɪˈbɹɛt.oʊ/ 1. The text of a dramatic musical work, such as an opera. Example: From Mozart's letters we know that the composer decided to enlarge the part of Osmin, the harem keeper, because the originator of the part, Ludwig Fischer, had a freakishly low bass voice that Mozart wanted to exploit. Osmin's principal arias and ensembles were duly lengthened beyond what appeared in the original libretto, and he was given yet another song in the third act. 2. A book containing such a text.