nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: gravitation Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Latin gravis Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin -itō Latin gravitō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō New Latin gravitātiōbor. English gravitation Borrowed from New Latin gravitātiō. By surface analysis, gravitate + -ion. Pronunciation: /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪ̯ʃən/, [ˌɡɹʷævɪˈtʰeɪ̯ʃən] ~ [ˌɡɹʷævɪˈtʰeɪ̯ʃn̩], /ˌɡɹævɪˈtæ̝ɪ̯ʃən/, [ˌɡɹʷævɪˈtʰæ̝ɪ̯ʃən] ~ [ˌɡɹʷævɪˈtʰæ̝ɪ̯ʃn̩] 1. The fundamental force of attraction which exists between all matter in the universe that tends to draw bodies towards each other, due to matter causing the curvature of spacetime. It is the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: jellyfish Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gel- Latin gelū Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin gelō ▲ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātus Latin -āta Early Medieval Latin gelāta Old French geleebor. Middle English gele English jelly Proto-Indo-European *péysks Proto-Germanic *fiskaz Proto-West Germanic *fisk Old English fisċ Middle English fisch English fish English jellyfish From jelly + fish. From being an aquatic creature (i.e. fish) that is gelatinous (“jelly”). Despite the name, jellyfish are not biologically classified as fish. The term appeared in the mid-19th century and displaced various older terms such as sea jelly (now much less common), blubber/sea blubber, nettle/sea nettle (both now referring to specific jellyfish species), and, in scientific literature, medusa. Pronunciation: /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ 1. An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: A recent study focused on the enzymatic and cytotoxic functions of jellyfish metalloproteases and identified diverse proteolytic effects including gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities. Example: There are asexual variants among all sorts of creatures, including jellyfish, dandelions, lichens and lizards. 2. An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. Labels: countable, especially, uncountable 4. An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. A sudoku technique involving possible cell locations for a digit, or pair, or triple, in uniquely four rows and four columns only. This allows for the elimination of candidates around the grid. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: wife Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *wībą Proto-West Germanic *wīb Old English wīf Middle English wyf English wife Inherited from Middle English wyf, wif, from Old English wīf (“woman, wife”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą (“woman; wife”). Cognates Germanic cognates include Scots wife (“wife; woman”), North Frisian wuf, wüf (“wife, woman”), Saterland Frisian Wieuw (“woman; wife; female”), West Frisian wiif (“wife; woman”), Cimbrian baibe, baip (“wife; woman”), Dutch wijf (“woman; female”), German Weib (“woman; wife; female”), German Low German Wiev (“woman; female”), Mòcheno baib (“woman”), Vilamovian bow (“wife; woman”), Yiddish ווײַב (vayb, “wife; woman”) Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish viv (“wife; woman”), Faroese vív (“wife; woman”), Icelandic víf (“wife; woman”). The further etymology is unknown, with a number of disputed suggestions. One suggestion connects Tocharian A/B kip/kwīpe (“genitals, female pudenda”), for a hypothetical Indo-European *gʰwíbʰ- (“pudenda”). Another suggestion connects Old English wǣfan (“wrap, clothe”), Old Norse vífa (“wrap, veil”) for a suggested original motive of "married woman wearing a scarf". Yet another suggestion connects Old High German weibōn (“move to and fro”), Old Norse veifa (“swing, throw”), for a motive of "one who is moving busily; housekeeper, maidservant" (cf. German Weibel (“manservant, usher”)). Pronunciation: /wæf/, /waɪf/ 1. A married woman, especially in relation to her spouse. Example: The Fisherman and His Wife Example: And I geue vnto the ſame Elizabeth my wif the ſparuers and hangings of the ſame twoo beddes vſuallye occupied, and hanging ouer and about the ſame twoo beddes[…] 2. The female of a pair of mated animals. Example: A new wife for the gander is introduced into the pen. Example: I stepped out and advanced valiantly upon a long-maned bull in the midst of his wives. I was armed with the regular club with which the boat-pullers killed the wounded seals gaffed aboard by the hunters. 3. Synonym of woman. Labels: Scotland
Word: wife Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *wībą Proto-West Germanic *wīb Old English wīf Middle English wyf English wife Inherited from Middle English wyf, wif, from Old English wīf (“woman, wife”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą (“woman; wife”). Cognates Germanic cognates include Scots wife (“wife; woman”), North Frisian wuf, wüf (“wife, woman”), Saterland Frisian Wieuw (“woman; wife; female”), West Frisian wiif (“wife; woman”), Cimbrian baibe, baip (“wife; woman”), Dutch wijf (“woman; female”), German Weib (“woman; wife; female”), German Low German Wiev (“woman; female”), Mòcheno baib (“woman”), Vilamovian bow (“wife; woman”), Yiddish ווײַב (vayb, “wife; woman”) Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish viv (“wife; woman”), Faroese vív (“wife; woman”), Icelandic víf (“wife; woman”). The further etymology is unknown, with a number of disputed suggestions. One suggestion connects Tocharian A/B kip/kwīpe (“genitals, female pudenda”), for a hypothetical Indo-European *gʰwíbʰ- (“pudenda”). Another suggestion connects Old English wǣfan (“wrap, clothe”), Old Norse vífa (“wrap, veil”) for a suggested original motive of "married woman wearing a scarf". Yet another suggestion connects Old High German weibōn (“move to and fro”), Old Norse veifa (“swing, throw”), for a motive of "one who is moving busily; housekeeper, maidservant" (cf. German Weibel (“manservant, usher”)). Pronunciation: /wæf/, /waɪf/ 1. To marry (a woman). Labels: colloquial Example: Mentally scarred for life, love is war / And some chicks are just too hard to wife Example: Mecca knew she wasn't lying. She had the type of beauty that made niggas want to wife her.
Word: wilde Part of Speech: adj 1. Obsolete spelling of wild. Labels: alt-of, obsolete
Word: Uluru Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Pitjantjatjara Uluṟu. An old family name, possibly “great pebble” or “Earth mother”. Pronunciation: /ˈuːluɹuː/, /uːluˈɹuː/ 1. A giant free-standing rock in central Australia.
Word: Kata Tjuta Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Pitjantjatjara Kata Tjuṯa. 1. A rock formation in central Australia, close to Uluru; formerly, The Olgas and Mount Olga.
Word: liberal Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”); it is attested since the 14th century. The noun is first attested in the 1800s. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹəl/, /ˈləb.(ə.)ɹəl/ 1. Generous; permitting liberty; willing to give unsparingly. Example: He was liberal with his compliments. Example: Indeed, the Government has been very liberal in the expenditure of public money 2. Ample, abundant; generous in quantity. Example: Add a liberal sprinkling of salt. Example: For this reason a liberal amount of piping should be used. If a liberal supply of piping is provided at first, the first cost will of course be greater, but the extra expenditure is called for but once. 3. Widely open to new ideas, willing to depart from established opinions or conventions; permissive. Example: Her parents had liberal ideas about child-rearing. 4. Unrestrained, licentious. Labels: obsolete Example: Myself, my brother, and this grieved count, Did see her, hear her, at that hour last night, Talk with a ruffian at her chamber-window; Who hath indeed, most like a liberal villain, Confess'd the vile encounters they have had A thousand times in secret. 5. Pertaining to a type of education the purpose of which is personal development rather than functional learning. Example: Americans remain enamored with Europe's ability to produce the consequential thought for America. It was the same in nearly every liberal field. Education sought its roots in such Europeans as Froebel, Frobenius, and Rousseau. Political science tried to connect to Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Nietzsche, Machiavelli, and Otto von Bismarck, for instance. Economics copied the thought of Adam Smith, […] 6. Pertaining to a type of education the purpose of which is personal development rather than functional learning. Example: He had a full education studying the liberal arts. 7. Open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical liberalism or "modern liberalism"/progressivism. Example: Endorsing the liberal anti-interventionist credo that the marketplace should act as the "site of verification," the advocates of white lead opposed government intervention for the sake of open economic competition, which they claimed revealed its true value and thus should be the sole determinant: "When the railways were built, the stage coaches disppeared; they died a timely death. If zinc white is truly superior to white lead, it will kill us in the marketplace, but the government should not intervene." These were the words of Expert-Bezançon, in his February 1903 deposition to the parliamentary committee examining the bill for banning lead-based pigments in paint.
Word: liberal Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adjective is from Old French liberal, from Latin līberālis (“befitting a freeman”), from līber (“free”); it is attested since the 14th century. The noun is first attested in the 1800s. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹəl/, /ˈləb.(ə.)ɹəl/ 1. One with liberal views, supporting individual liberty (see Wikipedia's article on Liberalism). 2. Someone with progressive or left-wing views, especially on social and environmental issues. Labels: Canadian, Philippine, US Example: And I love Puerto Ricans and Negros As long as they don't move next door. So love me, love me, love me, I'm a liberal. 3. A supporter of any of several liberal parties. 4. One who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian). Labels: UK 5. A conservative, especially a liberal conservative. Labels: Australian
Word: Ayers Rock Part of Speech: name Etymology: Named after former Premier of South Australia Henry Ayers (1821–1897). Pronunciation: /ˌɛə(ɹ)z ˈɹɒk/ 1. A giant, red-colored free-standing monadnock in the south of Northern Territory in Central Australia.
Word: The Olgas Part of Speech: name 1. Former name of Kata Tjuta.
Word: hay fever Part of Speech: noun Etymology: First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition. 1. An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis. Labels: uncountable, usually
Word: activate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus ▲ Ancient Greek ἐνεργητῐκός (energētĭkós)sl. Latin āctīvusbor. Old French actifbor. Middle English actyf English active Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos Proto-Italic *-ātos Latin -ātuslbor. English -ate English activate From active + -ate. Pronunciation: /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ 1. To encourage development or induce increased activity; to stimulate. Labels: transitive Example: activate the economy 2. To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable. Labels: transitive Example: The pranksters activated the fire alarm by spraying deodorant next to it. 3. To render more reactive; excite. Labels: transitive 4. To render a molecule reactive, active, or effective in performing its function. Labels: transitive 5. To render a substance radioactive. Labels: transitive 6. To hasten a chemical reaction, especially by heating. Labels: transitive 7. To remove the limitations of demoware by providing a license; to unlock. Labels: transitive 8. To aerate in order to aid decomposition of organic matter. Labels: transitive 9. To organize or create a military unit or station. Labels: transitive Example: A new squadron was activated. 10. To bring a player back after an injury. Labels: transitive
Word: activity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti Proto-Italic *agō Latin agō Proto-Indo-European *-wós Proto-Indo-European *-iHwósder. Latin -īvus ▲ Ancient Greek ἐνεργητῐκός (energētĭkós)sl. Latin āctīvus Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *-tāts Latin -tās Latin āctīvitāsder. Middle French activitébor. English activity From Middle French activité, from Latin activitas. Equivalent to active + -ity. Pronunciation: /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/, /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/, [ækˈtɪv.ə.ɾi], [ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] 1. The state or quality of being active; activeness. Labels: uncountable Example: Pit row was abuzz with activity. Example: For quotations using this term, see Citations:activity. 2. Something done as an action or a movement. Labels: countable Example: The activity for the morning was a walk to the store. 3. Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion. Labels: countable Example: An increasing number of sports activities are on offer at the university. Example: Quilting can be an enjoyable activity. 4. The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time and have no natural end point. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: […]distinctions among states of affairs are reflected to a striking degree in distinctions among Aktionsart types. That is, situations are expressed by state verbs or predicates, events by achievement verbs or predicates, and actions by activity verbs or predicates. 5. The number of radioactive decays per unit time. Unit for it: becquerel or curie Labels: countable, uncountable 6. The property of substances to react with other substances Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: experience Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English experience, from Old French, from Latin experientia (“a trial, proof, experiment, experimental knowledge, experience”), from experiens, present participle of experiri (“to try, put to the test, undertake, undergo”), from ex (“out”) + peritus (“experienced, expert”), past participle of *periri (“to go through”); see expert and peril. Displaced native Old English āfandung (“experience”) and āfandian (“to experience”). Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/, /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ 1. The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: It was an experience he would not soon forget. Example: March 20, 1684-5, John Sharp, Sermon preached at Whitehall Those that undertook the religion of our Savior upon his preaching, had no experience of it. 2. An activity one has performed. Labels: countable 3. A collection of events and/or activities from which an individual or group may gather knowledge, opinions, and skills. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Virtually all employers now require jobseekers to have work experience even for entry-level roles. Many believe this will hurt companies in the long run. Example: they knew soone by experience how slenderly guarded against danger, the majestie of Rulers is 4. The knowledge thus gathered. Labels: uncountable Example: In his submission to the UN, [Christof] Heyns points to the experience of drones. Unmanned aerial vehicles were intended initially only for surveillance, and their use for offensive purposes was prohibited, yet once strategists realised their perceived advantages as a means of carrying out targeted killings, all objections were swept out of the way. 5. A business offering in which a major focus is the way that the customer interacts with the business throughout the transaction, as opposed to only its outcome (the product or service). Labels: countable, uncountable Example: CDNOW's custom music selection and Levi Strauss & Co.'s custom-fit jean service are also good examples of giving customers more than just the product, but an experience as well. Example: Therefore, this chapter argues for an engagement with the actions, performances and practices of the experiencing subjects that 'make places' in the experience economy. 6. Synonym of experience points Labels: countable, uncountable Example: As your troops conquer the enemy, they'll earn experience and gain levels. Each time they level up, their stats will increase. 7. Trial; a test or experiment. Labels: obsolete, uncountable Example: She caused him to make experience / Vpon wyld beasts, which she in woods did find, / With wrongfull powre oppressing others of their kind
Word: experience Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English experience, from Old French, from Latin experientia (“a trial, proof, experiment, experimental knowledge, experience”), from experiens, present participle of experiri (“to try, put to the test, undertake, undergo”), from ex (“out”) + peritus (“experienced, expert”), past participle of *periri (“to go through”); see expert and peril. Displaced native Old English āfandung (“experience”) and āfandian (“to experience”). Pronunciation: /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/, /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ 1. To observe certain events; undergo a certain feeling or process; or perform certain actions that may alter one or contribute to one's knowledge, opinions, or skills. Labels: transitive Example: A 2022 report published by the Scottish Borders Council states: "Hawick has been affected more by depopulation than any other Borders town, with all parts of the town experiencing population loss, and Hawick Central is currently experiencing the highest depopulation out of the 30 Intermediate Zones in Scottish Borders."
Word: train Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English trayne (“treachery”), from Anglo-Norman traine, Middle French traïne, from traïr (“to betray”). 1. Treachery; deceit. Labels: obsolete, uncountable Example: In the meane time, through that false Ladies traine / He was surprisd, and buried under beare, / Ne ever to his worke returnd againe [...]. 2. A trick or stratagem. Labels: countable, obsolete 3. A trap for animals, a snare; (figuratively) a trap in general. Labels: countable, obsolete 4. A lure; a decoy. Labels: countable, obsolete 5. A live bird, handicapped or disabled in some way, provided for a young hawk to kill as training or enticement. Labels: countable, obsolete 6. A clue or trace. Labels: countable, obsolete
Word: train Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English trayne (“treachery”), from Anglo-Norman traine, Middle French traïne, from traïr (“to betray”). 1. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: If but a dozen French / Were there in arms, they would be as a call / To train ten thousand English to their side. Example: O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. 2. To be on intimate terms with. Labels: colloquial, obsolete
Word: train Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Dutch traan (“tear, drop”), from Middle Dutch trâen, from Old Dutch trān, from Proto-West Germanic *trahnu (“tear”). Compare German Träne (“tear”), Tran (“train oil”). 1. train oil, whale oil Labels: obsolete, uncountable
Word: rail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rail, rayl, *reȝel, *reȝol (found in reȝolsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from Old English regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regō (“to rule, to guide, to govern”); see regular. Doublet of regal, regula, rigol, and rule. Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. A horizontal bar extending between supports and used for support or as a barrier; a railing. Example: Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grab hold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern. 2. The metal bar forming part of the track for a railroad. Example: A "moving platform" scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays. 3. A railroad; a railway, as a means of transportation. Example: We travelled to the seaside by rail. Example: a small Scottish village not accessible by rail 4. A conductor maintained at a fixed electrical potential relative to ground, to which other circuit components are connected. Example: ISA devices draw power from the +5 V, −5 V, +12 V, and −12 V rails of the power supply unit. Example: There has been another, fairly gradual change in the ATX specification: Initially a lot of power was supplied on the 5V and 3.3V rails, but over time more and more power shifted to 12V because it's more efficient. Modern (ATX12V 2.x) PSUs supply most of their power on the 12V rail and not a lot on the 5V rail, which means a modern PSU may not be able to supply an old board, unless it's a really beefy PSU—because providing 500W on the 12V rail is of very little use to an AT or early ATX system. 5. A horizontal piece of wood that serves to separate sections of a door or window. 6. One of the lengthwise edges of a surfboard. Example: Rails alone can only ever have a marginal effect on a board's general turning ability. 7. A vertical section on one side of a web page. Labels: Internet Example: We're experimenting with ads in the right-hand rail. 8. A large line (portion or serving of a powdery illegal drug). Example: Do a couple rails and chase your own tail 9. Each of two vertical side bars supporting the rungs of a ladder. 10. The raised edge of the game board.
Word: rail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English rail, rayl, *reȝel, *reȝol (found in reȝolsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from Old English regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regō (“to rule, to guide, to govern”); see regular. Doublet of regal, regula, rigol, and rule. Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. To travel by railway. Labels: intransitive Example: Mottram of the Indian Survey had ridden thirty and railed one hundred miles from his lonely post in the desert […] 2. To place on a track. Labels: transitive 3. To enclose with rails or a railing. Labels: transitive Example: They ought to rail off the playground. Example: It ought to be fenced in and railed. 4. To range in a line. Labels: transitive Example: They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart. 5. To sexually penetrate in a rough manner. Labels: slang, transitive, vulgar 6. To snort a line of powdered drugs. Labels: slang, transitive Example: All I can think about is being seventeen days sober and desperate to rail a line of blow after last night's group outing to see Sofia Coppola's The Bling Ring (at my request), which, in hindsight, was a fucking dumb thing for a rehab to approve of.
Word: rail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French râle, rale, from Middle French raalle, from Old French rasle. Compare Medieval Latin rallus. Named from its harsh cry, Vulgar Latin *rasculum, from Latin rādere (“to scrape”). Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. Any of several birds in the family Rallidae.
Word: rail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle French railler. Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. To complain violently (against, about). Example: Till thou canst raile the seale from off my bond Thou but offend'st thy Lungs to speake so loud: Repaire thy wit good youth, or it will fall To endlesse ruine. I stand heere for Law. Example: He always said: “Let them rail on; he laughs best who laughs last.”
Word: rail Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English rail, reil, from Old English hræġl (“garment, dress, robe”). Cognate with Old Frisian hreil, reil, Old Saxon hregil, Old High German hregil (“clothing, garment, dress”). Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. An item of clothing; a cloak or other garment; a dress. Labels: obsolete 2. Specifically, a woman's headscarf or neckerchief. Labels: obsolete Example: A course hempen raile about her shoulders.
Word: rail Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Probably from Anglo-Norman raier, Middle French raier. Pronunciation: /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, [ɹeɪ(ə)ɫ], /reɪl/, /reːl/, /raɪl/ 1. To gush; to flow. Labels: obsolete Example: his breste and his brayle was bloodé – and hit rayled all over the see. Example: So furiously each other did assayle, / As if their soules they would attonce haue rent / Out of their brests, that streames of bloud did rayle / Adowne, as if their springes of life were spent[…]. 2. To blow. Labels: obsolete
Word: accomplishment Part of Speech: noun Etymology: * First attested in the early 15th century. * (completes, perfects, equips): First attested around 1600. * accomplish + -ment * Borrowed from French accomplissement, from accomplir Pronunciation: /əˈkɒm.plɪʃ.mənt/, /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/, /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/ 1. The act of accomplishing; completion; fulfilment. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the accomplishment of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc 2. That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I’ll make a proof how I advance in / My new accomplishment of dancing. Example: Accomplishments have taken virtue’s place, / And wisdom falls before exterior grace ; 3. Something accomplished; an achievement. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Increasing sales by 20% in the last quarter was seen as a major accomplishment for the business. 4. The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time until a natural end point. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Thus it is attested that some children have taken an accomplishment verb like disappear, which does not have a causative counterpart, and used it as a causative accomplishment in sentences like He disappeared it, i.e. ‘He made it disappear.’
Word: accordance Part of Speech: noun Etymology: * (compliance): First attested around 1300. * (agreement): First attested in the early 14th century. * accord + -ance * From Middle English accordaunce, from Old French acordance (“agreeing, reconciliation, harmony”). Pronunciation: /əˈkɔː.dəns/, /əˈkoɹ.dəns/, /əˈkoː.dəns/ 1. Agreement; harmony; conformity; compliance. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: However, I do not think it appropriate to divide my history in accordance with this threefold partition, so as to deal with singular instances separately, but I shall mix the three kinds, joining things natural with artificial, ordinary with extraordinary, and paying very close attention to all the most useful ones. Example: And what had been done that was not in strict accordance with the law of Parliament? 2. The act of granting something. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: eventually Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From eventual + -ly. The third sense is influenced by any of several European languages, including Czech eventuálně, French éventuellement, Swedish eventuellt. Pronunciation: /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃuː.ə.li/, /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃʊ.li/, /ɪˈvɛn.tjʊ.li/, /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.ə.li/, /ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.li/ 1. In the end; at some later time, especially after a long time, a series of problems, struggles, delays or setbacks. Labels: not-comparable Example: Everyone's true colors will be revealed eventually. Example: She didn't arrive. Eventually, we started without her. 2. For some tail; for all terms beyond some term; with only finitely many exceptions. Labels: not-comparable Example: Eventually, all prime numbers are odd. 3. Possibly, potentially, perhaps. Labels: not-comparable, proscribed Example: I will come eventually, but haven't decided yet.
Word: down Part of Speech: prep Etymology: From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”). Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. From the higher end to the lower of. Example: The ball rolled down the hill. Example: We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith. 2. From north to south of. Example: We sailed down the eastern seaboard. 3. Towards the mouth of (a river); in the direction of flow of. Example: In this game we float sticks down the river. 4. From one end to another of (in any direction); along. Example: The bus went down the street. Example: They walked down the beach holding hands. 5. At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference). Labels: Ireland, UK Example: I'll see you later down the pub. 6. To (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference). Labels: Ireland, UK Example: I'm going down the shops.
Word: down Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”). Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. Labels: transitive Example: The storm downed several old trees along the highway. Example: A single rifle shot downed the mighty beast. 2. To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. Labels: transitive Example: The helicopter was downed by a surface-to-air missile. 3. To lower; to put (something) down. Labels: transitive Example: The bell rang for lunch, and the workers downed their tools. 4. To defeat; to overpower. Labels: figuratively, transitive Example: To down proud hearts that would not willing die. 5. To disparage; to put down. Labels: colloquial, transitive Example: ‘I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the Wits, once at our House, – when they talked of Ghosts.’ Example: Now you have a social worker who downs women who are gay! […] I have met a woman and fell in love with her and I still get humiliated and discriminated against because he (social worker) is against homosexuality and is causing a lot of confusion here. 6. To go or come down; to descend. Labels: intransitive, obsolete, rare Example: ...that is, that the trade of the world is too little for us two, therefore one must down. 7. To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty. Labels: colloquial, transitive Example: He downed an ale and ordered another. Example: After watching people downing drink on the train, I am in need of slaking my own thirst, so I pop into the station's Centurion Bar. 8. To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession. Labels: Canadian, transitive Example: He downed it at the seven-yard line. 9. To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket. Labels: transitive Example: He downed two balls on the break.
Word: down Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English doun, doune (“down”), from Old English dūne (“down”), aphetic form of adūne (“down, downward”), from earlier ofdūne (“down”, literally “off the hill”), from of (“of, off of”) + dūn (“hill, mount, dune, down”). More at Etymology 2 below. For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Old Frisian dene (“down”, adverb, literally “(to the) floor”), Middle Low German dāle (“down, downwards”, literally “(in/to the) dale/valley”), whence German Low German dal (“down”). Compare also Saterland Frisian deel (“down”, literally “to/into the dale”), West Frisian del (“down”). Cognate with Scots doon (“down”). Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. A negative aspect; a downer, a downside. Example: I love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off. 2. A grudge (on someone). Labels: dated Example: She had a down on me. I don't know what for, I'm sure; because I never said a word. 3. A downer, depressant. Example: I am on drugs that I don't need to be on. They feel if I'm on a lot of downs, then I won't complain about my prison life 4. An act of swallowing an entire drink at once. 5. A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed. Example: I bet after the third down, the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field. 6. A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid. Example: I haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs. 7. The shift or period of time during which a dealer manages a given table before rotating to the next table at a casino or cardroom, which is often 30 minutes. 8. A downstairs room of a two-story house. Example: She lives in a two-up two-down. 9. Down payment. 10. The lightest quark with a charge number of −¹⁄₃.
Word: down Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *dūnaz? Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-nós? Proto-Celtic *dūnomder.? Proto-West Germanic *dūnā Old English dūn Middle English doune English down From Middle English doune, from Old English dūn, from Proto-West Germanic *dūn (“sandhill, dune”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz, *dūnǭ (“pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze, dust”). Alternatively, perhaps borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“city, fort, stronghold”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”). Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune. Doublet of Down. Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. A hill; in England, especially a chalk hill. Labels: Australia, Southern-England, also, countable, especially, often, plural, uncountable Example: We went for a walk over the downs. Example: The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills in south east England. 2. A field, especially one used for horse racing. Labels: countable, plural-normally, uncountable 3. A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep. Labels: UK, countable, in-plural, uncountable Example: Seven thousand broad-taild Sheepe gras'd on his Downes;
Word: down Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂nós Proto-Germanic *dūnaz Old Norse dúnnbor. Middle English doun English down From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”). Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Down or Cotton-Thiſtle. This hath many large Leaves lying on the Ground, ſomewhat cut in, and as it were crumpled on the Edges, of a green Colour on the upper ſide, but covered with long hairy Wool or Cottony Down, ſet with moſt ſharp and cruel pricks Example: No candle should light it, neither should any flower adorn it, save for several dried stalks of old and withered thistles, their heads pale with silken down, held in a common glass jar. 3. The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: But love him as he was, when youthful Grace, And the firſt Down began to ſhade his face Example: The servant to whom he put this question was a young fellow with chubby cheeks, small, dull eyes, and a round chin, covered with a colorless down. 4. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Thou boſom Softneſs! Down of all my Cares! I cou'd recline my thoughts upon this Breaſt To a forgetfulneſs of all my Griefs, And yet be happy: but it wonnot be. Example: When in the down I sink my head, Sleep, Death's twin brother, times my breath.
Word: down Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂nós Proto-Germanic *dūnaz Old Norse dúnnbor. Middle English doun English down From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”). Pronunciation: /ˈdaʊ̯n/, /ˈdʌʊ̯n/, [dəu̯n], /ˈdæʊ̯n/, /ˈdaːn/ 1. To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down. Labels: transitive Example: What pain to quit the world, just made their own, Their nest so deeply downed, and built so high !
Word: Down syndrome Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Named after English physician John Langdon Haydon Down (1828–1896), who first described the condition as a distinct form of mental disability in the 1860s. Pronunciation: /daʊn ˈsɪndɹəʊm/, /daʊn ˈsɪndɹoʊm/, /-dɹəm/ 1. A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. Labels: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New-Zealand, US, uncountable, usually
Word: mama Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The origin of the noun is uncertain; it is probably a reduplication of ma, thought to be a sound made by babies when breastfeeding. The word is possibly influenced by Middle French maman (“mother”) (modern French maman), mamme (both probably from Latin mamma (“breast; nurse; (childish) mother, mama; grandmother”), probably cognate with Ancient Greek μᾰ́μμη (mắmmē, “breast; (childish) mother, mama; (Koine) grandmother”), both possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to nurse; mama, mother”)), but this is also uncertain as all the words could have developed independently as onomatopoeias. Etymology 1, noun sense 3 (“(Caribbean) used as a term of address for a woman”) is possibly partly from a West African language; compare Akan mmá, mmaa (“woman”). The interjection and verb are derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈmæmə/, /ˈmʌ-/, /məˈmɑː/, /ˈmɑmə/, /ˈmɐmə/ 1. Synonym of mother (“a female parent”). Labels: Canada, US, childish, often Example: I love the cookies which mama bakes me every week. Example: [S]hée is admoniſhed of nature, yea commaunded of dutie, to cheriſhe hir owne childe, with hir owne teates, otherwiſe when the babe ſhall nowe beginne to tattle and call hir Mamma, with what force canne ſhe heare it of his mouth vnto whome ſhée hath denyed Mamma? 2. Synonym of mother (“a female parent”). Labels: Canada, US, childish, figuratively, often Example: The exhibition of the New Society of Water-Colour Painters has grown to be quite as handsome and agreeable as that of its mamma, the old Society in Pall Mall East. 3. Synonym of mother (“a female parent”). Labels: Canada, US, childish, obsolete, often Example: That they should spend their Christmas at Merle Park was an acknowledged thing;—to mamma Tringle an acknowledged benefit, because she liked to have her daughter with her; to papa Tringle an acknowledged evil, because he could not endure to be made to give more than he intended to give. 4. A lesbian partner. 5. Used as a (respectful) term of address for a woman, especially an older one. Labels: Caribbean, informal Example: About a.d. 1150 Mango Capac and Mama Oella, his sister-wife [Manco Cápac and Mama Ocllo], appeared by the Lake Titicaca. 6. A girlfriend. Labels: slang Example: [W]hat would I do supposing the Jane on whom I had always looked as a steady mamma had handed me the old skimmer and told me to take all the air I needed because she had gotten another sweetie? 7. A wife. Labels: slang Example: I need to talk to mama before I buy the car. 8. A woman regarded as sexually attractive or (derogatory) promiscuous. Labels: slang Example: Whoa, that chick in the bikini is a real mama!
Word: mama Part of Speech: intj Etymology: The origin of the noun is uncertain; it is probably a reduplication of ma, thought to be a sound made by babies when breastfeeding. The word is possibly influenced by Middle French maman (“mother”) (modern French maman), mamme (both probably from Latin mamma (“breast; nurse; (childish) mother, mama; grandmother”), probably cognate with Ancient Greek μᾰ́μμη (mắmmē, “breast; (childish) mother, mama; (Koine) grandmother”), both possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to nurse; mama, mother”)), but this is also uncertain as all the words could have developed independently as onomatopoeias. Etymology 1, noun sense 3 (“(Caribbean) used as a term of address for a woman”) is possibly partly from a West African language; compare Akan mmá, mmaa (“woman”). The interjection and verb are derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈmæmə/, /ˈmʌ-/, /məˈmɑː/, /ˈmɑmə/, /ˈmɐmə/ 1. Often preceded by oh: used to express approval, joy, surprise, etc. Labels: Caribbean, US Example: He do n't do a thing in the world except travel around with some more o' them handy boys and lay for jack-pots. And the talk he gives you! Mamma! He 's better 'n any o' them shell-workers that used to graft out at the gover'ment pier. Example: He scribbled a name and address on the back of his business card and handed it to Betty. "Only one show, kid, but it draws real good. Sunday vaudeville is the best showcase in town." Betty could scarcely breathe. It was like seven spotlights converging deep inside her into a searing hot nucleus. The Winter Garden! Oh, Mama!
Word: mama Part of Speech: verb Etymology: The origin of the noun is uncertain; it is probably a reduplication of ma, thought to be a sound made by babies when breastfeeding. The word is possibly influenced by Middle French maman (“mother”) (modern French maman), mamme (both probably from Latin mamma (“breast; nurse; (childish) mother, mama; grandmother”), probably cognate with Ancient Greek μᾰ́μμη (mắmmē, “breast; (childish) mother, mama; (Koine) grandmother”), both possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to nurse; mama, mother”)), but this is also uncertain as all the words could have developed independently as onomatopoeias. Etymology 1, noun sense 3 (“(Caribbean) used as a term of address for a woman”) is possibly partly from a West African language; compare Akan mmá, mmaa (“woman”). The interjection and verb are derived from the noun. Pronunciation: /ˈmæmə/, /ˈmʌ-/, /məˈmɑː/, /ˈmɑmə/, /ˈmɐmə/ 1. Synonym of mother (“to treat (someone) as a mother would be expected to treat her child; to nurture”). Labels: informal, transitive, uncommon Example: What shall be the effeminating effect upon the rising generation if the brave men of today are to be mammaed by a crew of timid Supervisors? Example: Had Maude deduced that if Cliffie could smoke she was grown and on her own, that she no longer needed mamaing? 2. To call (someone) "mama" (noun sense). Labels: informal, obsolete, rare, transitive, uncommon Example: Priſc[illa] vvill Mamma-up Mrs. Sinclair, and vvill undertake to court her guardian to let her paſs a delightful vveek vvith her. 3. To call out "mama". Labels: informal, intransitive, uncommon Example: [W]hen the next Sunday two and the third Sunday four babies cooed and mammaed and howled in chorus it was more than he could stand. Example: They passed a newspaper back and forth among themselves. The item that each solid and blunt forefinger pointed out was an advertisement headed "One Hundred Dollars Reward." To earn it one must return the rag-doll lost, strayed, or stolen from the Millionaire's mansion. It seemed that grief still ravaged, unchecked, in the bosom of the too faithful Child. […] She wailed for her Betsy in the faces of walking, talking, mama-ing, and eye-closing French Mabelles and Violettes. The advertisement was a last resort.
Word: mama Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Xhosa umama and Zulu umama, sometimes only distinguishable from English mama (see etymology 1) by the context and pronunciation. Pronunciation: /ˈmʌmə/, /ˈmɑː-/, /ˈmæmə/, /ˈmə-/, /ˈmɑ-/ 1. Synonym of mother (“a female parent”). Labels: South-Africa, informal, uncommon 2. Synonym of mother (“a female parent”). Labels: South-Africa, familiar, informal, often, uncommon Example: We had gone to his house on our way to school, as usual, when we learnt of his arrest. His mother said they'd been worken up about three a.m. by the police who took him away. […] 'Did they say when he'll be back, Mama?' I asked. 'No, my child,' his mother said. 3. A middle-aged black woman. Labels: South-Africa, informal, uncommon Example: And the old mealie mamas who used to go past in the street with big bulging sacks on their heads, calling "Meeeeealies!" 4. A middle-aged black woman. Labels: South-Africa, familiar, informal, often, uncommon Example: She came over now, sweating and smiling amiably, to wipe the table with a filthy cloth. 'How are you today, Mr Doctor?' […] 'I'm good, Mama. How about you?' […] When she'd gone he asked, 'Why do you call her Mama?' […] 'I don't know. It's a term of affection or something. Respect. I don't know.' Example: She [Miriam Makeba] was 76 when she died, with Nelson Mandela (who had eventually persuaded Makeba, a long-time campaigner for his freedom, to return to post-apartheid South Africa) leading the tributes to an artist now revered as ‘Mama Africa’.