nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: chronicle Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English cronicle, cronycle, from Anglo-Norman cronicle, from Old French cronike, from Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of or concerning time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹɒnɪkəl/, /ˈkɹɑnɪkl̩/ 1. A written account of events and when they happened, ordered by time. Example: Also a choice cachinatory chronicle, entitled "How to Laugh, and what to Laugh at." Example: Little disappointed, then, she turned attention to "Chat of the Social World," gossip which exercised potent fascination upon the girl's intelligence. She devoured with more avidity than she had her food those pretentiously phrased chronicles of the snobocracy—[…]—distilling therefrom an acid envy that robbed her napoleon of all its flavor.
Word: chronicle Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English cronicle, cronycle, from Anglo-Norman cronicle, from Old French cronike, from Latin chronica, from Ancient Greek χρονικός (khronikós, “of or concerning time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɹɒnɪkəl/, /ˈkɹɑnɪkl̩/ 1. To record in or as in a chronicle. Labels: transitive Example: The posterists of Austin chronicled the changing social landscape and graphically redefined Texas for the rest of the country and the world […] Example: As the board’s director, Ms. Jankowicz, 33, bore the brunt of the attacks, a subject she knows well. Her most recent book, called “How to Be a Woman Online,” chronicles abuses she and other women face from trolls and other malign actors on the internet.
Word: adulterate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin adulterātus (“adulterate, adulterated, defiled, polluted, counterfeited”), perfect passive participle of adulterō (“to adulterate, defile, commit adultery (with), counterfeit”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from ad- (“to, in the direction of”) + alter (“other”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), literally “to go after someone else”. Equivalent to adultery + -ate. Pronunciation: /əˈdʌltəɹət/, [-ˈdəl-] 1. Corrupted or made impure by being mixed with something else; adulterated. Labels: archaic, literary Example: Theſe, and other like places in abundance through all thoſe ſhort Epiſtles, muſt either be adulterat, or elſe Ignatius [of Antioch] was not Ignatius, nor a Martyr, but moſt adulterate, and corrupt himſelf. 2. Tending to commit adultery; relating to or being the product of adultery; adulterous. Labels: archaic, literary Example: I am poſſeſt with an adulterate blot, / My bloud is mingled with the crime of luſt: [...] Example: I [i.e., ay] that inceſtuous, that adulterate beaſt, / With witchcraft of his wits, with trayterous gifts, / O wicked wit, and giftes that haue the power / So to ſeduce; wonne to his ſhamefull luſt / The will of my moſt ſeeming vertuous Queene; [...]
Word: adulterate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin adulterātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (verb-forming suffix). Pronunciation: /əˈdʌltəɹeɪt/, [-ˈdɒl-], /əˈdʌltəˌɹeɪt/, [-ˈdəl-] 1. To corrupt, to debase (someone or something). Labels: archaic, literary, transitive Example: For thus, that King violated that Oath which he ought moſt religiouſly to have ſworn to; but that he might not ſeem openly and publickly to violate it, he craftily adulterated and corrupted it; and leaſt he himſelf ſhould be accounted perjur'd, he turn'd the very Oath into a Perjury. [...] And who durſt pervert and adulterate that Law which he thought the only Obſtacle that ſtood in his way, and hindred him from perverting all the reſt of the Laws? 2. To make less valuable or spoil (something) by adding impurities or other substances. Labels: archaic, literary, transitive Example: to adulterate coins, drugs, food and drink, etc. Example: The present war has so adulterated our tongue with strange words, that it would be impossible for one of our great grandfathers to know what his posterity have been doing, were he to read their exploits in a modern newspaper. 3. To commit adultery with (someone). Labels: archaic, literary, transitive 4. To defile (someone) by adultery. Labels: archaic, literary, transitive Example: Yet ſome would perſwade us, that this abſurd opinion was King Davids; becauſe in the 51st Pſalm he cries out to God, Againſt thee onely have I ſinn'd; as if David had imagin'd that to murder Uriah and adulterate his Wife, had bin no ſinn againſt his Neighbour, when as that Law of Moſes was to the King expreſly, Deut. 17. not to think ſo highly of himſelf above his Brethren. 5. To commit adultery. Labels: also, archaic, figuratively, intransitive, literary Example: But Fortune, oh, / She is corrupted, chang’d, and wonne from thee, / Sh’adulterates hourely with thine Vnckle Iohn, / And with her golden hand hath pluckt on France / To tread downe faire reſpect of Soueraigntie, / And made his Maieſtie the bawd to theirs.
Word: adverse Part of Speech: adj Etymology: First attested around 1374, from Old French avers (French adverse), from Latin adversus (“turned against”), past participle of advertere, from ad- (“to”) + vertere (“to turn”). See also versus. Pronunciation: /ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/, /ədˈvɜ(ɹ)s/ 1. Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction. Example: adverse criticism Example: adverse weather 2. Opposed; contrary; opposing one's interests or desire. Example: adverse circumstances 3. Opposite; confronting. Labels: not-comparable Example: the adverse page Example: the adverse party
Word: afloat Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English float English afloat From a- + float. Pronunciation: /əˈfloʊt/, /əˈfləʊt/ 1. In or into a state of floating. Labels: not-comparable Example: You have so little Brains, that a Penn’orth of Butter melted under ’um, would set ’um afloat: Example: […] I went down to my Boat, got the Water out of her, and got her afloat, loaded all my Cargo in her, and then went Home again for more; 2. In, or while in, a vessel at sea or on another body of water; at sea. Labels: not-comparable Example: […] that trade […] may likewise employ many useful hands both ashore and afloat, Example: They was the roughest crew afloat, was Flint’s; the devil himself would have been feared to go to sea with them. 3. Under water (bearing floating objects). Labels: not-comparable Example: 1695, Edmund Gibson (translator), Camden’s Britannia, London: A. Swalle, “Staffordshire,” […] it [the River Dove] overflows and lays the meadows afloat in April, like another Nile. 4. In or into circulation or currency. Labels: figuratively, not-comparable, usually Example: setting a lie aflote Example: […] I shall not be judged fairly; it will get afloat that I am not a good girl, 5. In or into a condition of stimulation, arousal, confusion, bewilderment, etc. Labels: figuratively, not-comparable, obsolete Example: No angry passions rise to disturb the silent progress of the work, […] no irritable humours are set afloat: Example: […] they knew how to abstain from the overdose of liquor that sets the brain afloat and loosens the tongue.
Word: afloat Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English float English afloat From a- + float. Pronunciation: /əˈfloʊt/, /əˈfləʊt/ 1. Floating. Labels: not-comparable Example: A rubber duck and other toys were afloat in the bath. Example: On such a full sea are we now afloat; / And we must take the current when it serves, / Or lose our ventures. 2. In, or found while in, a vessel at sea or on another body of water. Labels: not-comparable Example: […] that trade […] may likewise employ many useful hands both ashore and afloat, 3. Floating in the air; flowing freely; not tied, braided, etc. (of hair or clothing) Labels: not-comparable Example: her black hair loose and a-float down her dazzling white neck Example: unbound silvery-gold tresses afloat beneath a jeweled coronet 4. Covered with water, bearing floating objects. Labels: not-comparable Example: The decks are afloat. Example: The yard was afloat. Jody looked out of the window and saw two drowned biddies floating about with upturned bellies. 5. Covered, overspread, filled (with or in something). Labels: figuratively, not-comparable Example: The larch-wood was afloat with clear, lyric green, Example: The world was afloat in primrose light, pale and exquisite. 6. Having just enough resources to continue to operate; barely able to pay expenses; (of a private individual, family, etc.) keeping one's head above water. Labels: not-comparable Example: The donation will keep our business afloat for quite a while. Example: […] you nede not to be sorye, as thoughe your frendely liberalitie had not be very acceptable vnto me. I haue receaued euery thing, and now I am afloate, by your lyberall sendyng. 7. Believed or talked about by many people; being passed from person to person. Labels: figuratively, not-comparable, usually Example: The supervisor was never fired, though countless accusations of dishonesty were afloat. Example: […] she and I were accepted, whatever ugly rumours had been afloat in the past year, as man and wife. 8. Stimulated, aroused, activated. Labels: figuratively, not-comparable, obsolete Example: You’ll find, when once my passion is afloat, / The soul of Caesar, in a petticoat! Example: My half frozen blood and my fears again afloat made me tremble through every limb; 9. In a state of confusion, bewilderment, or distraction. Labels: figuratively, not-comparable, obsolete Example: 1789, Edward Gibbon, letter to Lord Sheffield dated August 1789, in Miscellaneous Works, London: A. Strahan et al., 1796, p. 201, I know not what to say; my mind is all afloat; yet you will not reproach me with caprice or inconstancy. Example: […] he could correctly analyze and parse any sentence you could give him, no matter how complex; but when it came to talking he was all afloat.
Word: afloat Part of Speech: prep Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *né Proto-Indo-European *n̥- Proto-Hellenic *ə- Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-)der. English a- English float English afloat From a- + float. Pronunciation: /əˈfloʊt/, /əˈfləʊt/ 1. Floating upon. Labels: obsolete Example: early 1600s, John Webster and William Rowley, The Thracian Wonder, London: Thomas Johnson, 1661, Act I, Scene 1, But Huswife, as for you, / You with your Brat, wee’l send afloat the Main, Example: […] great wee see must be the art and cunning of that man, that keeps him afloat the streame of Soveraigne favour,
Word: anew Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English onew, of newe, from Old English of niowe. By surface analysis, a- (“of, from”) + new. Pronunciation: /əˈnu/, /əˈnjuː/ 1. Again, once more; afresh, in a new way, newly. Labels: Philippines, especially, formal, literary, not-comparable, poetic Example: Each morning, opportunity—like the sun—dawns anew. Example: Then they set somewhat of food before me, whereof I ate my fill, and gave me somewhat of clothes wherewith I clad myself anew and covered my nakedness; after which they took me up into the ship, […]
Word: descry Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English descrien, descriven in the 14th century already had the dual sense of "to proclaim, announce, make known" and "to see, discern, discover". On the one hand, the Middle English word is a loan Old French descrier (“to proclaim, announce, cry”), from des- + crier (“shout, cry”); in this case, the word is a doublet of decry, which was loaned from the same French source in the 17th century. Alternatively, as suggested by the spelling descriven, the Middle English word may be a contraction of Old French descrire, descrivre (“to describe”), from Latin describere, and thus a doublet of describe (so Palmer 1890, attributing the view to Walter William Skeat), but modern dictionaries more often seem to prefer the view that there was a secondary, folk-etymological influence on descrien by descriven within Middle English (so The Century Dictionary 1911). The semantic shift from "announce" to "discern, detect" is via "to cry out on discovering something that has been looked for". Palmer (1890) compares the etymology of Latin explorare "to search a wood &c. with cries". Pronunciation: /dɪˈskɹaɪ/ 1. To announce a discovery: to disclose; to reveal. Labels: literary, transitive Example: The kalender, […] hath late deſcry'd / That evill affected planet Mars, ally'd / To temporizing Mercury, conjoyn'd / I'th'houſe of Death; […] Example: His Body was found almost naked in the field, for his Purple Robe he had thrown aside, lest it should descry him, unwilling to be found. 2. To see, especially from afar; to discover (a distant or obscure object) by the eye; to espy; to discern or detect. Labels: literary, transitive Example: VVe vvere deſcried, theyle mock vs novv dounright. Example: Wee haue descryed vpon our neighbouring / shore, a portlie saile of ships make hitherward.
Word: universalisability Part of Speech: noun Etymology: c. 1950 universalisable + -ity 1. The quality (as of a rule) of being able to be applied universally; that is, to any given situation with no exceptions. Labels: uncountable Example: Some have thought that universalisability was the criterion of ethicalness.
Word: visibility Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle French visibilité, from Late Latin visibilitas; equivalent to visible + -ity. Pronunciation: /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/, /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ 1. The condition of being visible. Labels: uncountable 2. The degree to which things may be seen. Labels: countable Example: The visibility from that angle was good. 3. The scope within which a variable, function, etc. is able to be accessed directly. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. Something worthy of being seen; a sight. Labels: countable, obsolete, rare, uncountable Example: ‘Sir, I have seen all the visibilities of Paris, and around it; but to have formed an acquaintance with the people there, would have required more time than I could stay.’
Word: aspect Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English aspect, from Latin aspectus (“look, sight; appearance”), from aspiciō (“see; catch sight of; inspect”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + speciō (“look, look at, behold; observe”). Pronunciation: /ˈæspɛkt/ 1. To have a particular aspect or type of aspect. 2. To channel a divine being. 3. To look at. Labels: obsolete
Word: assure Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French asseurer (Modern French assurer), from Latin ad- + securus (“secure”). Cognate with Spanish asegurar. Doublet of assecure. Pronunciation: /əˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, /əˈʃʊə(ɹ)/, /əˈʃʊɹ/, /əˈʃɝ/ 1. To make sure and secure; ensure. Labels: transitive 2. To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something). Labels: transitive Example: I assure you that the program will work smoothly when we demonstrate it to the client. Example: He assured of his commitment to her happiness. 3. To guarantee, promise (to do something). Labels: obsolete Example: That as a law for euer should endure; / Which to obserue in word of knights they did assure. 4. To reassure. Labels: transitive
Word: beloved Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English beloved, biloved, equivalent to belove + -ed. Pronunciation: /bɪˈlʌvd/, /bɪˈlʌv.ɪd/ 1. Much loved, dearly loved. Example: But I found at laſt, by hearing and conſidering of things that are Divine, which indeed I heard of you, as alſo of beloved Faithful, that was put to death for his Faith and good-living in Vanity-fair, That the end of these things is death. [Rom[ans] 6. 21, 22, 23.] And that for theſe things ſake, the wrath of God cometh upon the children of diſobedience. [Eph[esians] 5. 6.] Example: When the Toy had once taken Jupiter in the Head to Enter into a State of Matrimony, he Reſolv'd for the Honour of his Celeſtial Lady, that the whole World ſhould keep a Feſtiual upon the Day of his Marriage, and ſo Invited all Living Creatures, Tag-Rag and Bob-Tail, to the Solemnity to his Wedding. They all came in very Good Time, ſaving the Tortoiſe. Jupiter […] Ask'd him, Why ſo Late? Why truly ſays the Tortoiſe, I was at Home, at my Own Houſe, my Dearly Beloved Houſe, and [Home is Home, let it be never ſo Homely.]
Word: beloved Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English beloved, biloved, equivalent to belove + -ed. Pronunciation: /bɪˈlʌvd/, /bɪˈlʌv.ɪd/ 1. Someone who is loved; something that is loved. Example: […] Chriſtian, with deſire fell ſick, Hopeful alſo had a fit or two of the ſame Diſeaſe: Wherefore, here they lay by it a while, crying out, becauſe of their pangs, If ye ſee my Beloved, tell him that I am ſick of love. Example: Near and dear relations are the only beloveds of others, as parents, children, &c. They set their affections so much on these, that Christ has little or no share in them: […] Christ is preferable to all such beloveds, and indeed to any creature-enjoyment whatever.
Word: beloved Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English beloved, biloved, equivalent to belove + -ed. Pronunciation: /bɪˈlʌvd/, /bɪˈlʌv.ɪd/ 1. simple past and past participle of belove. Labels: form-of, obsolete, participle, past Example: Dearly beloved in the Lord, ye coming to his holy Communion, must consider what St. Paul writeth to the Corinthians, how he exhorteth all persons diligently to try and examine themselves, or ever they presume to eat of this bread, and drink of this Cup: […] Example: He [William Russell, Lord Russell] was a man of great candour and of a general reputation, univerſally beloved and truſted; of a generous and obliging temper.
Word: commence Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English commencen, comencen (also as contracted comsen, cumsen), from Anglo-Norman comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre, formed from Latin com- + initiō (whence English initiate). Pronunciation: /kəˈmɛns/, /kəˈmens/ 1. To begin, start. Labels: intransitive Example: Here the anthem doth commence: Example: His heaven commences ere the world be past! 2. To begin, start. Labels: transitive Example: The speeches commenced three days of workshops, seminars, and cultural activities. 3. To begin or start. Labels: Appalachia, intransitive Example: At dawn we'll commence to drive. 4. To begin to be, or to act as. Labels: transitive Example: […] he furnish’d me with a Gun, Cartouch-box, and Powder-horn, &c. and thus accouter’d I commenc’d Soldier. Example: When we are wearied of the trouble of prosecuting crimes at the bar, we commence judges ourselves […] 5. To take a degree at a university. Labels: UK, dated, intransitive Example: […] I question whether the Formality of Commencing was used in that Age: inclining rather to the negative, that such Distinction of Graduates was then unknown […] Example: […] was admitted a minor fellow of his college 4 Oct. 1591, a major fellow 11 March 1591-2, and commenced M.A. in 1592.
Word: compile Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English compilen, from Old French compiler, from Latin compīlō (“to plunder”). Pronunciation: /kəmˈpaɪl/, /kəmˈpɑɪl/ 1. To make by gathering pieces from various sources. Labels: transitive Example: Samuel Johnson compiled one of the most influential dictionaries of the English language. Example: So what is it that makes SBB (Swiss national railways) tick? In my humble opinion, two things. Firstly, a comprehensive and set-in-stone integrated timetable (incorporating trains, ferries, cable cars and buses, including the world-famous yellow 'post-autos'), compiled four years in advance and which gets tested twice before it becomes operational. 2. To construct; to build. Labels: obsolete Example: Before that Merlin dyde, he did intend / A brasen wall in compas to compyle / About Cairmardin […] 3. To achieve (a break) by making a sequence of shots. Labels: transitive Example: Steve Davis compiled a 147. 4. To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code. Labels: transitive Example: After I compile this program I’ll run it and see if it works. 5. To be successfully processed by a compiler into executable code. Labels: intransitive Example: There must be an error in my source code because it won’t compile. 6. To contain or comprise. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: After ſo long a race as I haue run / Through Faery land, vvhich thoſe ſix books cõpile [compile] / giue leaue to reſt me being halfe fordonne, / and gather to my ſelfe nevv breath avvhile. 7. To write; to compose. Labels: obsolete Example: They are at their leisure much given to poetry; in which they compile the praises of virtuous men and actions , satires against vice
Word: compile Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English compilen, from Old French compiler, from Latin compīlō (“to plunder”). Pronunciation: /kəmˈpaɪl/, /kəmˈpɑɪl/ 1. An act of compiling code. Example: […] programming team managers assumed the "improved programs" produced through structured programming would not require as many compiles during development. Example: Any file with an error or warning on it will be added to this smart group until the next compile.
Word: compiler Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English compilour, from Anglo-Norman compilour, from Old French compileur, from Latin compīlātōrem, equivalent to compile + -er. Pronunciation: /kəmˈpaɪlə/, /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ 1. One who compiles. Example: a compiler of poetry anthologies Example: my favourite crossword compiler 2. A computer program that transforms source code into object code. Example: As a result, many compilers automatically allocate blocks of memory and then parcel chunks out to programs with a suballocator when needed. That is, the compiler allocates a chunk of some 4,000 bytes and then parcels this memory out to you in bits and pieces when you need it. Example: The recommended Apple Objective-C compiler, Clang/LLVM (versions 4.2 and above) provides support for autosynthesis of declared properties. This means that the compiler will automatically synthesize declared properties […]
Word: compiles Part of Speech: verb 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of compile Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: leonine Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”), from Old French leonin, and from its etymon Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”), from leō (“lion”) (from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”); further etymology uncertain) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Pronunciation: /ˈliːənaɪn/, /-nɪn/, /ˈliəˌnaɪn/ 1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike. Example: He was of a leonine-coloured haire, sanguinocholerique, middle sized, strong. Example: Ti′ger. […] A fierce beaſt of the leonine kind. 2. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike. Example: leonine facies Example: The most terrible variety of this hideous evil is the leonine leprosy, so called because the head of the sufferer resembles that of a lion.
Word: leonine Part of Speech: adj Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Etymology 2, adjective sense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation. The noun is derived from the adjective. Pronunciation: /ˈliːənaɪn/, /-nɪn/, /ˈliəˌnaɪn/ 1. Of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo; specifically (in Leonine City), to Pope Leo IV (r. 847–855) who ordered the building of a wall around Vatican Hill to protect what is now Vatican City, or (in Leonine Prayers) to Pope Leo XIV (r. 2025–present). Labels: not-comparable Example: The Nineteenth and Tvventieth Days vvere ſpent in ſeeing the Monuments of the Leonine City, the Vatican Church, the Palace and Library. 2. Being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme); also (by extension), of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme. Labels: not-comparable Example: leonine rhyme Example: In the Church of St. Dominick is a ſmall Picture of the Bleſſed Virgin, vvith the Infant JESUS in her Arms, vvell painted, and yet, appears to have been done in the Iron Age of Painting and other Arts, by the follovving verses, vvrit under it. […] Theſe Leonine Verſes, as plainly appears by them, expreſs a Senſe contrary to the Intention of the VVriter.
Word: leonine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Etymology 2, adjective sense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation. The noun is derived from the adjective. Pronunciation: /ˈliːənaɪn/, /-nɪn/, /ˈliəˌnaɪn/ 1. Synonym of Leonine verse (“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”). Labels: in-plural Example: A[llen]. The Clink of Syllables call'd Rymes, / Brought in ith' barb'rous Runick times, / To ſober Criticks ſeems to be / A paultry part of Poetry, / Becoming Monkiſh dull Divines, / VVho traded much in Leonines. / J[ohn]. Altho' to ſpoil I ſhould be ſorry, / An undergraduate Antiquary, / Yet I'll produce a Line or tvvo / Of Leonines in Cicero, / Before the Monks long time ago. Example: [F]rom the jingling of the Greek couplet juſt before, and ſimilar inſtances of his taſte, I am perſuaded Sir VVilliam intended theſe as Leonines perfect in their kind.
Word: leonine Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin leōnīna + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Leōnīna is a feminine singular form of Latin leōnīnus (see etymology 1), and may refer to the use of a lion motif on the coin: see the 1787 quotation. Pronunciation: /ˈliːənaɪn/, /-nɪn/, /ˈliəˌnaɪn/ 1. A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and used in England as a debased form of the sterling silver penny; it was outlawed under Edward I (reigned 1272–1307). Labels: historical Example: In the eyghte and twentye yere of his raign in the Chriſtmaſſe ſeaſon Kyng Edwarde ſet foorth a proclamation, forbidding and prohibiting all foraine coine to bee receyued and payde as ſterling mony wythin his dominion, commaunding by the ſame proclamation, that two peeces of them ſhould go for one ſterlying, vntill the feaſt of Eaſtre. There were diuers moneyes in thoſe dayes currant wythin this realme, as Pollardes, Crocards, Staldinges, Egles, Leonines, Steepinges, and all theſe were white monyes, artificially made of ſiluer, copper, and ſulphur, ſo that it was an yll tyme for baſe moneyes, and muche choppyng and chaunging was vſed in buying and ſelling of thynges. Example: [I]n the raign of E[dward] I. there were divers white monies called Pollards, Crocards, Staldings, Eagles, Leonines, and Steepings artificially made of ſilver, copper, and ſulphur, and yet currant within the Realme; and for that two pieces of theſe monies were but of the value of one ſterling. King E. I. by his Proclamation utterly forbad the ſame.
Word: Scot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old English Sċottas (“people from Ireland, Irishmen”), from Late Latin Scōttī (see Scōtī for more). See Scoti. Pronunciation: /ˈskɒt/, /ˈskɑt/, /ˈskɔʔ/ 1. A person born in or native to Scotland.
Word: Scot Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old English Sċottas (“people from Ireland, Irishmen”), from Late Latin Scōttī (see Scōtī for more). See Scoti. Pronunciation: /ˈskɒt/, /ˈskɑt/, /ˈskɔʔ/ 1. A surname 2. A male given name transferred from the surname, of rare usage, variant of Scott.
Word: lav Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /læv/ 1. Clipping of lavatory. Labels: Ireland, UK, abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, slang Example: Please, miss, I need to go to the lav. Example: If you had too much slap on when you went out . . . your mates say too much slap on your ecaf. Yeah. Oh really girl? Yes . . . Go in the lavs here and have a look. 2. Clipping of lavalier microphone. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, clipping, informal Example: When you’re recording interviews, it’s best to use a lav.
Word: Maggie Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈmæɡi/ 1. A diminutive of the female given name Margaret. Example: Maggie. Never in her life had she heard her mother called Maggie. It was a name from her youth, that dead time Jerene had never been allowed to talk about [- - -]. Her mother was Margaret now. Example: I could tell that some of the guests were confused by the name of Maggie―no-one had called her by that clunky, unfashionable name in years― 2. Margaret Thatcher, former British prime minister. Labels: informal
Word: confound Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”), from Anglo-Norman cunfundre and Old French confondre, from Latin cōnfundō (“to mingle, mix together”). Related to found (“to melt (metals in a foundry)”) (but not to found (“to start”), nor to find) and to fusion. Pronunciation: /kənˈfaʊnd/ 1. A confounding variable. Example: The participants certainly differ in how their practice is distributed (1, 2, or 3 days), but they also differ in how much total practice they get (3, 6, or 9 hours). This is a perfect example of a confound—it is impossible to tell if the results are due to one factor (distribution of practice) or the other (total practice hours); the two factors covary perfectly.
Word: complain Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Latin con- Latin com- Proto-Indo-European *pel- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-tider. Proto-Italic *plāngō Latin plango Latin plangere Medieval Latin complangereder. Old French conplaindre Old French complaindreder. Middle English complaynen English complain From Middle English complaynen, from Old French complaindre, from Medieval Latin complangere (“to bewail, complain”), from Latin com- (“together”) + plangere (“to strike, beat, as the breast in extreme grief, bewail”); see plain, plaint. Pronunciation: /kəmˈpleɪn/ 1. To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment. Labels: intransitive Example: Joe was always complaining about the noise made by his neighbours. Example: O loſs of ſight, of thee I moſt complain! 2. To state the presence of something negative; to indicate that one is suffering from something; to report (e.g.) a symptom. Labels: intransitive Example: The patient complained of headache, nausea, and joint pain. 3. To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge. Labels: intransitive Example: They've complained about me to the police again. Example: Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the king? 4. To creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel. Example: the complaining bed-springs
Word: compound Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Possibly from Malay kampong, kampung (“group of buildings, village”), via Dutch or Portuguese, altered under the influence of Etymology 2. Doublet of kampung. Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/, /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/, /ˈkɔmpæɔnd/, /ˈkɒmpæʊnd/, /kəmˈpaʊnd/ 1. An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined. 2. An enclosure for secure storage. Example: A separate building on the west side will house a standby powerhouse and a workshop, and there will be an unroofed compound for compressed air cylinders and water tanks. Example: A total of 75 cycle spaces are being installed at three Greater Anglia stations - [...]. And a secure compound for bicycles is being built at Cambridge North. 3. A group of buildings situated close together, e.g. for a school or block of offices. Example: Shepard: What kind of proof do you have that the major is dangerous? Transmission: Three days ago, we sent two Alliance representatives to meet with him at his compound. They have disappeared. We believe Kyle and his followers killed them. Transmission: That compound is a cult, Shepard. They call him 'Father Kyle' now. He's set himself up as some kind of religious leader. Example: Some 20 supporters managed to get inside the court compounds. About half an hour after the verdict was delivered, they gathered near the Constitutional Court entrance and shouted: "On March 24, use your pen to oust the dictator." 4. A group of buildings where members of the same extended family live together. Labels: Philippines, broadly
Word: compound Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/, /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/, /kəmˈpaʊnd/, /komˈpaʊnd/ 1. Composed of elements; not simple. Labels: not-comparable Example: a compound word Example: Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances. 2. Dealing with numbers of various denominations of quantity, or with processes more complex than the simple process. Labels: not-comparable Example: compound addition Example: compound proportion 3. An octave higher than originally (i.e. a compound major second is equivalent to a major ninth). Labels: not-comparable
Word: compound Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/, /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/, /kəmˈpaʊnd/, /komˈpaʊnd/ 1. Anything made by combining several things. 2. A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight. 3. A substance made from any combination of ingredients. Labels: dated Example: A compound of spurge, cardamom, cinnamon of Mecca, pellitory, ginger, nettle seed is an Arab specific for sexual weakness. 4. A legal procedure whereby a criminal or delinquent avoids prosecution in a court in exchange for his payment to the authorities of a financial penalty or fine. 5. A lexeme that consists of more than one stem. Example: Compositionally there is no great distinction between cell wall and cell surface, both are relatively transparent compounds, but both parts of the cell are of high significance in Biology due to their central role in cell functioning. 6. A lexeme that consists of more than one stem or affix, e.g. "bookshop", "high school" or "non-standard". Example: In the majority of the compounds of non- the hyphen is usually retained; but it is commonly omitted in the case of a few, such as nonconformist, nonentity, nonsense, in which the etymology has been to some extent lost sight of. 7. A compound locomotive, a steam locomotive with both high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders. Example: From a dead stand, with regulator full open and the lever at about 50 per cent we got up to about 60 m.p.h. by the top of the bank. The big compound was making plenty of noise - but what musical and wonderful noise! 8. Ellipsis of compound exercise. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis
Word: compound Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/, /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/, /kəmˈpaʊnd/, /komˈpaʊnd/ 1. To form (a resulting mixture) by combining different elements, ingredients, or parts; to mingle with something else. Labels: transitive Example: to compound a medicine Example: Only compound me with forgotten dust. 2. To settle by agreeing on less than the claim, or on different terms than those stipulated. Labels: transitive Example: to compound a debt 3. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement. Labels: transitive Example: I pray, my lords, let me compound this strife. Example: No! no—if Charles has done nothing false or mean, I shall compound for his extravagance 4. To come to terms of agreement; to settle by a compromise. Labels: intransitive Example: to compound with someone / for something Example: Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; […] compound with him by the year. 5. To compose; to constitute. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: his pomp and all what state compounds 6. To increase in value with interest, where the interest is earned on both the principal sum and prior earned interest. Labels: intransitive 7. To worsen a situation. Labels: transitive Example: […] This latest example of nationalistic self-interest compounded anger across the EU over Trump’s travel ban, imposed last month without consultation or scientific justification. 8. Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed. Labels: intransitive Example: At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.
Word: convert Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱe? Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm Proto-Italic *kom Proto-Italic *kom- Proto-Indo-European *wert- Proto-Indo-European *wértetor Proto-Italic *wertō Proto-Italic *komwertō Latin convertōder. Old French convertirbor. Middle English converten English convert From Middle English converten, from Old French convertir, from Latin converto (“turn around”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒn.vət/, [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət], /ˈkɑn.vɚt/, [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] 1. A person who has converted to a religion. Example: They were all converts to Islam. Example: While still in this relationship, Greene, a convert to Roman Catholicism at 23, was asked to be godfather to Catherine Walston, a 30-year-old married woman, at her own conversion. 2. A person who is now in favour of something that they previously opposed or disliked. Example: I never really liked broccoli before, but now that I've tasted it the way you cook it, I'm a convert! 3. Anyone who has converted from being one thing to being another. Example: A great advantage of these temporary conversions of a man into a beast is that it enables the convert in his animal shape to pay out his enemy without being suspected. 4. The equivalent of a conversion in rugby Labels: Canadian
Word: contrary Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English contrarie, compare French contraire, from Old French contraire, from Latin contrārius (“opposite, opposed, contrary”), from contrā (“against”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/, /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/, /ˈkɒntɹi/, /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ 1. Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse. Example: contrary winds Example: And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me[…] 2. Opposed; contradictory; inconsistent. Example: Galileo [Galilei]'s zeal for his opinions soon led him again to bring the question under the notice of the Pope, and the result was a declaration of the Inquisition that the doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be contrary to the sacred scripture. 3. Given to opposition; perverse; wayward. Example: a contrary disposition; a contrary child
Word: contrary Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English contrarie, compare French contraire, from Old French contraire, from Latin contrārius (“opposite, opposed, contrary”), from contrā (“against”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/, /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/, /ˈkɒntɹi/, /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ 1. Contrarily Example: I never act contrary to my principles.
Word: contrary Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English contrarie, compare French contraire, from Old French contraire, from Latin contrārius (“opposite, opposed, contrary”), from contrā (“against”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/, /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/, /ˈkɒntɹi/, /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ 1. The opposite. Example: No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a knave. 2. One of a pair of propositions that cannot both be simultaneously true, though they may both be false. Example: If two universals differ in quality, they are contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both false. 3. A type of loaded die. Labels: historical
Word: contrary Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English contrarie, compare French contraire, from Old French contraire, from Latin contrārius (“opposite, opposed, contrary”), from contrā (“against”). Pronunciation: /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/, /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/, /ˈkɒntɹi/, /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ 1. To oppose; to frustrate. Labels: obsolete Example: You that be of the court, & eſpecially ye ſworn chaplains beware of a leſſon that a great man taught me at my firſt coming to the court he told me for a good will, he thoughte it wel. He ſayd vnto me. You muſt beware how ſo euer ye do that ye cõtrary not the king, let him haue his ſaiyngs, folow him, go with him. Mary out vpon this counſel, ſhal I ſay, as he ſayes? Example: The Athenians having left the enemie in their owne land, for to pass into Sicilie, had very ill successe, and were much contraried by fortune[…]. 2. To impugn. Labels: obsolete 3. To contradict (someone or something). Labels: obsolete Example: thus wilfully sir Palomydes dyd bataille with yow & as for hym sir I was not gretely aferd but I dred fore laūcelot that knew yow not Madame said Palomydes ye maye saye what so ye wyll I maye not contrary yow but by my knyghthode I knewe not sir Tristram Example: I finde them everie one in his turne to have reason, although they contrary one another. 4. To do the opposite of (someone or something). Labels: obsolete 5. To act inconsistently or perversely; to act in opposition to. Labels: obsolete 6. To argue; to debate; to uphold an opposite opinion. Labels: obsolete 7. To be self-contradictory; to become reversed. Labels: obsolete
Word: contend Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English contenden, borrowed from Old French contendre, from Latin contendere (“to stretch out, extend, strive after, contend”), from com- (“together”) + tendere (“to stretch”); see tend, and compare attend, extend, intend, subtend. Pronunciation: /kənˈtɛnd/ 1. To be in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to fight. Labels: intransitive Example: The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with them in battle. Example: For never two such kingdoms did contend without much fall of blood. 2. To struggle or exert oneself to obtain or retain possession of, or to defend. Labels: intransitive Example: 17th century, John Dryden, Epistle III to the Lady Castlemain You sit above, and see vain men below / Contend for what you only can bestow. Example: God has entrusted something to the church, and it is the church's job to contend for it, even unto death 3. To be in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute; to argue. Labels: intransitive Example: these simple ideas are far from those innate principles which some contend for Example: many of those things he so fiercely contended about , were either falle or trivial 4. To believe (something is reasonable) and argue (for it); to advocate. Labels: intransitive Example: In this paper the author contends that no useful results can be obtained if this method is used. Example: Some panellists contended that the costs of research and care justified the establishment of a permanent national commission 5. To try to cope with a difficulty or problem. Example: However, the challenges for the railway world are much greater than for automotive as we generally have more occupants, higher speeds, greater masses, higher energies, and an absence of seatbelts or airbags to contend with.
Word: resplendant Part of Speech: adj 1. Obsolete spelling of resplendent. Labels: alt-of, obsolete
Word: constancy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cōnstantia. Pronunciation: /ˈkɑnstənsi/, /ˈkɒnstənsi/ 1. The quality of being constant; steadiness or faithfulness in action, affections, purpose, etc. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: A little Water cleares vs of this deed. How eaſie is it then? your Conſtancie Hath left you vnattended. Example: Punctuality is a species of Constancy, a very unfashionable quality in a Lady. 2. An unchanging quality or characteristic of a person or thing. Labels: countable, usually Example: […] yonger ſpirits, […] whoſe conſtancies Expire before their faſhions: […]
Word: resplendent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From the obsolete sense of the English verb splendish (“to shine”), from Latin splendere (“to shine”), or from resplend + -ent, from Latin resplendere (“to shine back, glitter”). Pronunciation: /ɹɪˈsplɛn.dənt/ 1. Shining brilliantly; gleaming; radiant. Example: The resplendent sun rose over the horizon. Example: The resplendent sun / Shone forth in all his glory. 2. Shiny and colorful, and thus pleasing to the eye; splendid in appearance. Example: The peacock displayed its resplendent plumage. Example: Soon after the arrival of Mrs. Campbell, dinner was announced by Abboye. He came into the drawing room resplendent in his gold-and-white turban. […] His cummerbund matched the turban in gold lines. 3. Magnificent; glorious; splendid; marked by extraordinary excellence or beauty. Labels: figuratively Example: The queen appeared in resplendent majesty. Example: They celebrated their resplendent victory. 4. Exhibiting the property of resplendency in Peano arithmetic.
Word: boast Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English bosten, from bost (“boast, glory, noise, arrogance, presumption, pride, vanity”), probably of North Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bausuz (“inflated, swollen, puffed up, proud, arrogant, bad”). Cognate with Scots bost, boist (“to threaten, brag, boast”), Anglo-Norman bost (“ostentation”) (from Germanic). Related to Norwegian baus (“proud, bold, daring”), dialectal German baustern (“to swell”), German böse (“evil, bad, angry”), Dutch boos (“evil, wicked, angry”), West Frisian boas (“bad, wicked, angry, shrewd, clever”). Compare also dialectal Norwegian bausta, busta (“to rush onward, make a noise”). Possible doublet of boost. Compare typologically puffy, Russian напы́щенный (napýščennyj), наду́тый (nadútyj). Pronunciation: /bəʊst/, /boʊst/ 1. A brag; ostentatious positive appraisal of oneself. 2. Something that one brags about. Example: It was his regular boast that he could eat two full English breakfasts in one sitting. 3. A shot where the ball is driven off a side wall and then strikes the front wall.