nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: stray Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English stray, from the noun (see above). Pronunciation: /stɹeɪ/ 1. Having gone astray; strayed; wandering. Example: The alley is full of stray cats rummaging through the garbage. Example: The organisation fills many gaps left by the state, operating a dizzying array of services, including homes for victims of domestic violence, food banks and a shelter for stray animals. 2. In the wrong place; misplaced. Example: a stray comma Example: a stray bullet
Word: straightforward Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From straight + forward. Pronunciation: /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/ 1. Proceeding in a straight course or manner; not deviating. 2. Easy, simple, uncomplicated, without difficulty. Example: For the most part they are of straightforward design and the largest group is the ex-Prussian "T16" Class 0-10-0 of Type "94", [...]. Example: Poland played with great energy, quick to the ball, strong in the challenge, and projecting the clear sense they had absolutely no intention whatsoever of making this a straightforward night. 3. Direct; forthright; frank; sincere. Labels: figuratively Example: A great deal of the uneasiness about Clinton reflects his propensity to dance away from straightforward yes or no answers to any character question.
Word: straightforward Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From straight + forward. Pronunciation: /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/ 1. In a straightforward manner; straightforwards; straightforwardly.
Word: strengthen Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From rare Middle English strengthenen (14th c.), from earlier strengthen (12th c.), where -en is the infinitive ending. Probably the original form was reinterpreted as strength + -en around the time when the infinitive ending was being apocopated in late Middle English. Pronunciation: /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, /ˈstɹɛnθən/, [ˈstɹeɪŋ(k)θən] 1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify. Labels: transitive Example: strengthen a muscle Example: strengthen a wall 2. To empower; to give moral strength to; to encourage; to enhearten. Labels: transitive Example: Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Example: my father and mother strengthened me in this my first impression, saying in my presence, I was intended for some great purpose 3. To augment; to improve; to intensify. Labels: transitive 4. To reinforce, to add to, to support (someone or something) Labels: transitive Example: strengthen an army Example: Each half-section of the battery weighs about eight tons, and the two underframes had to be strengthened to take this weight. 5. To substantiate; to corroborate (a belief, argument, etc.) Labels: transitive Example: strengthen the cause 6. To grow strong or stronger. Labels: intransitive Example: my affection seems so superfluous that I often wonder why it should be so strong. But wise or foolish, there it is, strengthening with the years whether I will or no
Word: strict Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Borrowed from Latin strictus, past participle of stringere (“to draw tight, bind, contract”). Doublet of strait and stretto. See stringent, strain. Related to strong. Pronunciation: /stɹɪkt/ 1. Strained; drawn close; tight. Example: strict embrace Example: strict ligature 2. Tense; not relaxed. Example: strict fiber 3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously particular. Example: to keep strict watch Example: to pay strict attention 4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous. Example: they are very strict in observing the Sabbath Example: No one, however, would have anything to do with him, as Mr. Keeson's orders in those respects were very strict ; he had often threatened any one of his employés with instant dismissal if he found him in company with one of these touts. 5. Rigidly interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted. Example: to understand words in a strict sense 6. Upright, or straight and narrow; — said of the shape of the plants or their flower clusters. 7. Severe in discipline. Example: Our teacher was always very strict. If we didn't behave, we would get punished. Example: It was a very strict lesson. 8. Irreflexive; if the described object is defined to be reflexive, that condition is overridden and replaced with irreflexive.
Word: stringent Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin stringēns, stringentem, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, to shear, stiff”). Pronunciation: /ˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/ 1. Strict; binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive; rigid; severe. Example: They have stringent quality requirements outlining what is acceptable.
Word: stroll Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German strollen, a variant of Alemannic German strolchen, from Strolch (“vagabond; rascal”). Pronunciation: /stɹəʊl/, /stɹoʊl/ 1. A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble; a saunter. 2. A dance of the 1950s in which dancers leisurely stepped, cross-stepped, and dipped at the knee to the beat of the music.
Word: stroll Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Borrowed from German strollen, a variant of Alemannic German strolchen, from Strolch (“vagabond; rascal”). Pronunciation: /stɹəʊl/, /stɹoʊl/ 1. To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove. Example: In Ancient Times, as Story tells, / The Saints would often leave their Cells, / And ſtrole about, but hide their Quality, / To try good Peoples Hoſpitality. Example: The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. [...] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one. 2. To go somewhere with ease. Example: [A] delighted shout from the children swung him toward the door again. His sister, Mrs. Gerard, stood there in carriage gown and sables, radiant with surprise. "Phil! You! Exactly like you, Philip, to come strolling in from the antipodes—dear fellow!" recovering from the fraternal embrace and holding both lapels of his coat in her gloved hands. 3. To walk the streets as a prostitute. Labels: intransitive, slang Example: "Nammers?" She'd told him before of some Vietnamese gang pressuring her to stroll for them. / "Don't even ask. You don't want to know." 4. To do, obtain, or achieve something in a casual and effortless way. Labels: intransitive Example: My daughter strolled through the exam.
Word: stuffy Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree English stuff Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English stuffy From stuff + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈstʌfi/ 1. Poorly ventilated; partially plugged. Example: I can’t smell very well today – I have a stuffy nose. Example: Let’s go outside – it’s getting stuffy in here. 2. Uncomfortably warm without sufficient air circulation. Example: Abby Jimenez Like my life was a stuffy room, and you’re the breeze that came in when the window opened. Example: If Euston is not typically English, St. Pancras is. Its façade is a nightmare of improbable Gothic. It is fairly plastered with the aesthetic ideals of 1868, and the only beautiful thing about it is Barlow's roof. It is haunted by the stuffier kind of ghost. Yet there is something about the ordered whole of St. Pancras that would make demolition a terrible pity. 3. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. 4. Angry and obstinate; sulky. Labels: US 5. Boring, old-fashioned, uninteresting, over-formal, pompous, very conventional. Example: The stuffy professor droned on as the class lost interest. Example: It could be argued that the rise of the socially conscious model reflects a very 2017 archetype: the “woke” young woman, who looks set to define femininity this decade in the same way that the lager-swilling ladette did in the 90s. It is also symptomatic of a broader cultural “awokening” that has reached the stuffiest institutions; even the royal family has recently relaxed its upper lip. 6. Stout; sturdy. Labels: Scotland
Word: stuffy Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree English stuff Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Middle English -y English -y English stuffy From stuff + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈstʌfi/ 1. Synonym of stuffed toy. Labels: Canada, US, childish, colloquial, often
Word: sty Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds). Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), dialectal German Steige (“hen-coop”), Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”), Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”), Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”), Icelandic stía (“a kennel”). Pronunciation: /staɪ/ 1. A pen or enclosure for swine. 2. A messy, dirty or debauched place. Labels: figuratively Example: To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty.
Word: sty Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English sty, from Old English stī, stiġ (“sty, pen, a wooden enclosure; hall”, chiefly in compounds). Cognate with German Stiege (“wooden crate”), dialectal German Steige (“hen-coop”), Danish sti (“sty, enclosure for swine, sheep, hens, etc.”), Swedish stia (“sty for pigs, geese, etc.”), Norwegian sti (“flock of sheep”), Icelandic stía (“a kennel”). Pronunciation: /staɪ/ 1. To place in, or as if in, a sty. Labels: transitive Example: and here you sty me In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o' the island 2. To live in a sty, or any messy or dirty place. Labels: transitive
Word: sty Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English stien, stiȝen, stighen, from Old English stīgan (“to go; ascend, mount”), from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, from Proto-Germanic *stīganą, from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-. Cognate with Dutch stijgen, German steigen, Danish stige, Norwegian Bokmål stige, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish stiga, Old Norse stíga. Pronunciation: /staɪ/ 1. To ascend, rise up, climb. Labels: obsolete Example: The beast impatient of his smarting wound, / And of so fierce and forcible despight, / Thought with his wings to stye aboue the ground [...]. Example: From this lower tract he dared to stie up to the clowdes.
Word: sty Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English stien, stiȝen, stighen, from Old English stīgan (“to go; ascend, mount”), from Proto-West Germanic *stīgan, from Proto-Germanic *stīganą, from Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-. Cognate with Dutch stijgen, German steigen, Danish stige, Norwegian Bokmål stige, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish stiga, Old Norse stíga. Pronunciation: /staɪ/ 1. A ladder. Labels: UK, dialectal
Word: sty Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English styanye, mistaken as "sty on eye" yet composed of Old English stīġend (“sty”, literally “riser”), agent noun from stīgan (“to rise”) + Middle English yë (“eye”). Pronunciation: /staɪ/ 1. An inflammation of the eyelid.
Word: subject matter Part of Speech: noun 1. The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The appearance of the book is as unattractive as its subject-matter. It has been reproduced from typescript by photolithography, as many theses are in these days of expensive printing; but the copy photographed has been carelessly typed on a machine with a defective spacing-mechanism and a number of damaged characters; to make matters worse, the typist has failed to keep the type clean. Example: When it was released in 2005, Brokeback Mountain entered the collective consciousness in a way that is vanishingly rare for a film with queer subject matter.
Word: subscribe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English subscriben, subskryben, from Latin subscrībere (“write beneath”). By surface analysis, sub- + scribe. Compare its native English equivalent underwrite. Pronunciation: /səbˈskɹaɪb/ 1. To write (one’s name) at the bottom of a document; to sign (one's name). Example: [They] subscribed their names under them. Example: […] although the will is holographic, and a holographic instrument cannot be admitted to probate where testator told the subscribing witnesses that it was not his will, […] 2. To sign; to mark with one's signature as a token of consent or attestation. Labels: transitive Example: Parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond. Example: Officers subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or records. 3. To sign up to have copies of a publication, such as a newspaper or a magazine, delivered for a period of time. Labels: ergative Example: Would you like to subscribe or subscribe a friend to our new magazine, Lexicography Illustrated? 4. To pay for the provision of a service, such as Internet access, a cell phone plan, or a streaming service. Example: I subscribed to this streaming service years ago. 5. To believe or agree with a theory or an idea [with to]. Example: I don’t subscribe to that theory. 6. To pay money to be a member of an organization. 7. To contribute or promise to contribute money to a common fund. Labels: intransitive Example: […] under no circumstances could I ever again be nominated for any public office, as no corporation would subscribe to a campaign fund if I was on the ticket, and that they would subscribe most heavily to beat me; Example: The culprits are old boys of Ardingly College, Sussex, who, in years gone by, wrote their names on the walls of the organ loft, an act which was strictly forbidden. Now they have been invited to subscribe towards the £400 required to make improvements to the organ. 8. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount. Labels: transitive Example: Each man subscribed ten dollars. 9. To agree to buy shares in a company. Example: The capital which had been subscribed to this bank, at two different subscriptions, amounted to one hundred and sixty thousand pounds, of which eighty per cent only was paid up. 10. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. Labels: obsolete Example: Admit no other way to save his life , (As I subscribe not that, nor any other, But in the loss of question) […] 11. To yield; to admit to being inferior or in the wrong. Labels: obsolete 12. To declare over one's signature; to publish. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: I will subscribe him a coward. 13. To indicate interest in the communications made by a person or organization. Labels: intransitive Example: Please like this video, and subscribe to my YouTube channel. 14. To register for notifications about an event or similar. Labels: intransitive Example: If you subscribe to the MouseClick event, your application can react to the user clicking the mouse.
Word: sober Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Inherited from Middle English sober, from Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense "not drunk," displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen. Pronunciation: /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/, /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ 1. Not drunk; not intoxicated. 2. Not under the influence of any recreational drug. Example: Ten months sober, I must admit Just because you're clean, don't mean you don't miss it 3. Not given to excessive drinking of alcohol. Example: Amid all the confusion and disorder that sin has introduced into the world, the Christian in union with God has a grace or Divine help that enables him to live the sober, self-restrained life. Example: After eliminating alcohol from their lives, some sober individuals exclusively date nondrinkers. 4. Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled. Labels: figuratively Example: God help me to watch and to be sober. Example: [N]o ſober man vvould put himſelf into a danger for the Applauſe of ſcaping vvithout breaking his Neck. 5. Dull; not bright or colorful. Example: Twilight grey / Had in her sober livery all things clad. 6. Subdued; solemn; grave. Example: See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby. Example: What parts gay France from sober Spain? A little rising rocky chain. 7. Poor; feeble. Labels: Scotland
Word: sober Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Inherited from Middle English sober, from Old French sobre, from Latin sōbrius, from se- (“without”) + ebrius (“intoxicated”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”). In the sense "not drunk," displaced native undrunken, from Old English undruncen. Pronunciation: /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/, /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ 1. To make or become sober. Labels: often, with-up Example: His expression sobered. Example: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, / And drinking largely sobers us again. 2. To overcome or lose a state of intoxication. Labels: often, with-up Example: It took him hours to sober up. 3. To moderate one's feelings; to accept a disappointing reality after losing one's ability to believe in a fantastic goal. Example: Losing his job was a sobering experience.
Word: subside Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin subsīdō (“to settle, subside”). Pronunciation: /sʌbˈsaɪd/, /səbˈsaɪd/ 1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees. Labels: intransitive 2. To fall downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. Labels: intransitive Example: An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed. 3. To fall into a state of calm; to be calm again; to settle down; to become tranquil. Labels: intransitive Example: The sea subsides. Example: The tumults of war will subside. 4. To cease talking. Labels: colloquial, intransitive
Word: subsistence Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English subsistence; partly from Middle French subsistence (modern French subsistance) and partly from its etymon Late Latin subsistentia (“substance, reality, in Medieval Latin also stability”), from Latin subsistēns, present participle of subsistere (“to continue, subsist”). Perhaps also partly from subsist + -ence. Pronunciation: /səbˈsɪstəns/ 1. Real being; existence. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the human nature loseth its proper subsistence , and is assumed into the subsistence of the divine nature 2. The act of maintaining oneself at a minimum level. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. Inherency. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: the subsistence of qualities in bodies 4. Something (food, water, money, etc.) that is required to stay alive. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In the general course of human nature, a power over a man's subsistence amounts to a power over his will. Example: His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province. 5. Embodiment or personification or hypostasis of an underlying principle or quality. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: subsume Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin subsūmere, from sub- + sūmō (“to take”). Compare English consume. Pronunciation: /səbˈsjuːm/, /səbˈsuːm/ 1. To place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include or contain something else. Labels: transitive Example: Near-synonym: comprise Example: March 14, 2018, Roger Penrose writing in The Guardian, Mind over matter': Stephen Hawking – obituary A few years later (in a paper published by the Royal Society in 1970, by which time Hawking had become a fellow “for distinction in science” of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge), he and I joined forces to publish an even more powerful theorem which subsumed almost all the work in this area that had gone before. 2. To consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule. Labels: transitive
Word: subvert Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English subverten, from Old French subvertir, from Latin subvertō (“to overthrow”, literally “to underturn, turn from beneath”). Pronunciation: /səbˈvɜːt/, /səbˈvɝt/ 1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly. Labels: transitive Example: He […] razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Example: , Book IV, Chapter XVIII This would be to subvert the principles and foundations of all knowledge. 2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound. Labels: transitive Example: The oppressive regime stays in power only as long as they manage to subvert the will of the people. 3. To upturn convention from the foundation by undermining it (literally, to turn from beneath). Labels: transitive
Word: subvert Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from subvertising, by analogy with advert. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌbvət/, /ˈsʌbvɚt/ 1. An advertisement created by subvertising.
Word: succeed Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /səkˈsiːd/ 1. Misconstruction of secede. Labels: alt-of, misconstruction
Word: successful Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From success + -ful. Pronunciation: /səkˈsɛs.fəl/, [səkˈsɛs.fɫ̩], /səkˈses.fəl/, [səkˈses.fɫ̩] 1. Resulting in success; assuring or promoting success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect. Example: a successful use of medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise Example: If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the ever more expensive and then universally known killing hazards of gasoline cars: […] .
Word: suffice Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English suffisen, from Middle French souffire, from Latin sufficiō (“supply, be adequate”), from sub (“under”) + faciō (“do, make”). Cognate with French suffire. Pronunciation: /səˈfaɪs/, /səˈfʌɪs/, /ˈsʌ.fɪs/, /səˈfaɪz/, /səˈfɑes/ 1. To be enough or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be adequate; to be good enough. Labels: intransitive Example: For this plum cake, two eggs should suffice. Example: To recount almighty works, / What words or tongue of seraph can suffice? 2. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of. Labels: transitive Example: A joint of lamb sufficed even his enormous appetite. Example: Lord Brougham's salary would have sufficed more than ninety Prussian judges. 3. To furnish; to supply adequately. Labels: archaic Example: During the festival, the temple suffices food to the beggars. Example: The king sufficed his army with food and weapons before the great battle.
Word: sufficient Part of Speech: det Etymology: From Old French sufisanz, soficient, from Latin sufficiēns, present participle of sufficiō. Pronunciation: /səˈfɪʃənt/ 1. An adequate quantity of; enough. Example: We have sufficient supplies to last the winter. Example: There is not sufficient access to the Internet in many small rural villages. 2. A quantity (of something) that is as large as is needed. Example: We don't need any more; we already have sufficient. Example: Sufficient of us are against this idea that we should stop now.
Word: sufficient Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Old French sufisanz, soficient, from Latin sufficiēns, present participle of sufficiō. Pronunciation: /səˈfɪʃənt/ 1. Of a type or kind that suffices, that satisfies requirements or needs. Example: This is a necessary condition but not a sufficient one. 2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit. Example: They felt sufficient to maintain their present prosperity and independence. Example: I have never yet felt adequate. I have never yet felt sufficient. 3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible. Labels: archaic Example: ...to take the best ways we can, to make it known to the Duke of York; for, till Sir J. Minnes be removed, and a sufficient man brought into W. Pen's place, when he is gone, it is impossible for this Office ever to support itself. 4. Having enough money to meet obligations and live comfortably. Labels: obsolete Example: I shall in this place only mention that qualification by wealth; the rather, being applyed to the deputies of towns and citties, where they use to say of a rich man, he is a very sufficient man : and the other sufficiencies and qualifications are mentioned on other occasions. Example: Some persons have been called, who have proved (it is true) that he was insufficient at that time, and could not pay more than 3 or 4,000l.; but the same witnesses give an account, that his ill circumstances were then known but to four or five persons of his acquaintance, and that by all other people, who had any knowledge of him at that time, he was looked upon to be very sufficient ; he had left off his business upon having raised an estate; he was of good reputation: he lived at Hackne in a house making a good appearance, with good furniture, and a great quantity of plate, till the last, till the time of his being put in prison, which was not till last year, that he surrendered himself in discharge of his bail.
Word: suite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French suite. See also the doublet suit. Pronunciation: /swiːt/, /sjuːʈ/ 1. A group or train of attendants, servants etc.; a retinue. Example: [A]s to men, we shall live altogether at the Duc de Romagnecourt's, his suite of servants will be ours. 2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or classed together. Example: a suite of rooms Example: a suite of minerals 3. A group of connected rooms, usually separable from other rooms by means of access. Example: The Presidential suite is well appointed and allows for good security. 4. A musical form, popular before the time of the sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. 5. An excerpt of instrumental music from a larger work that contains other elements besides the music; for example, the Nutcracker Suite is the music (but not the dancing) from the ballet The Nutcracker, and the Carmen Suite is the instrumental music (but not the singing and dancing) from the opera Carmen. 6. A group of related computer programs distributed together.
Word: sunflower Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Compound of sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ə/, /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.əɹ/ 1. Any plant of the genus Helianthus, so called probably from the form and color of its floral head, having the form of a large disk surrounded by yellow ray flowers. Example: The flowers glowed red and golden: snapdragons and sunflowers, and nasturtians trailing all over the turf walls and peeping in at the round windows. Example: The low-beamed Bell Inn, believed to date from 1520, is locally renowned for its garden where giant sunflowers grow. In 1978, one reached the spectacular height of 23 ft 6 in. 2. Any plant of the genus Helianthus, so called probably from the form and color of its floral head, having the form of a large disk surrounded by yellow ray flowers. 3. A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals. 4. Any flat, radially symmetric organic compound, such as coronene. Labels: informal 5. Synonym of worm-star. 6. An Automatic Warning System (AWS) indicator in the driver's cab that is displayed after a driver has acknowledged an audible warning, which consists of a yellow circle enclosing a white circle, with black spokes overlaid. Labels: UK
Word: sunless Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der. Proto-Germanic *sunnô Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ Proto-West Germanic *sunnā Old English sunne Middle English sonne English sun Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-der. Proto-Germanic *leusaną Proto-Germanic *lausaz Proto-Germanic *-lausaz Proto-West Germanic *-laus Old English -lēas Middle English -les English -less English sunless From sun + -less. 1. Without the sun or sunshine; shaded; shadowed. Example: In Xanadu did Kubla Khan / A stately pleasure-dome decree: / Where Alph, the sacred river, ran / Through caverns measureless to man / Down to a sunless sea. 2. Dreary, cheerless. Labels: figuratively Example: When I first saw her, her countenance was sunless, her complexion colourless; she looked like one who had no source of enjoyment, no store of bliss anywhere in the world.
Word: superstructure Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *úp Proto-Indo-European *-er Proto-Indo-European *upér Proto-Italic *super Latin super Latin super-lbor. English super- English structure English superstructure From super- + structure. 1. Any structure built above the top full deck (FM 55-501). Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that which is raised on a foundation or basis. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The Wards are open-topped, with skyscrapers rising from the superstructure. Towers are sealed against vacuum, as the breathable atmosphere envelope is only maintained to a height of about seven meters. The atmosphere is contained by the centrifugal force of rotation and a "membrane" of dense, colorless sulphur hexafluoride gas, held in place by carefully managed mass effect fields. 3. All that part of a building above the basement. Labels: countable, figuratively, sometimes, uncountable 4. The sleepers and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed. Labels: UK, countable, uncountable 5. The social sphere of ideology which includes religion, art, politics, law and all traditional values. Labels: Marxism, countable, uncountable Example: The superstructure evolves more slowly and is more resistant to change than the economic infrastructure, especially in the modern industrial age of advanced capitalism.
Word: surmise Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French surmis, past participle of surmetre, surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) + metre (“to put”). Pronunciation: /sɜːˈmaɪz/, /sɚˈmaɪz/ 1. Thought, imagination, or conjecture, which may be based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: surmises of jealousy or of envy Example: This opinion, however, is merely a surmise, which may or may not be the case. 2. Reflection; thought; posit. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: My Thought, whoſe Murther yet is but fantaſticall, / Shakes ſo my ſingle ſtate of Man, / That Function is ſmother'd in ſurmiſe, / And nothing is, but what is not. Example: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken; / Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes / He star'd at the Pacific—and all his men / Look'd at each other with a wild surmise— / Silent, upon a peak in Darien.
Word: surmise Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Old French surmis, past participle of surmetre, surmettre (“to accuse”), from sur- (“upon”) + metre (“to put”). Pronunciation: /sɜːˈmaɪz/, /sɚˈmaɪz/ 1. To imagine or suspect; to conjecture; to posit with contestable premises. Labels: intransitive Example: If, as I surmise, you see the ladies this evening, you might mention my intended visit.
Word: moderate Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English moderat(e) (“moderate, temperate”), borrowed from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“to regulate, to restrain, to moderate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“a measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”). Cognate with French modéré. Pronunciation: /ˈmɒdəɹət/, /ˈmɑdəɹət/ 1. Not excessive; acting in moderation Example: moderate language Example: a moderate Calvinist 2. more than mild, less than severe 3. Mediocre 4. Average priced; standard-deal 5. Not violent or rigorous; temperate; mild; gentle. Example: a moderate winter Example: These are called the Islands of the Blest; rains fall there seldom, and in moderate showers, but for the most part they have gentle breezes, bringing along with them soft dews 6. Having an intermediate position between liberal and conservative. Labels: US
Word: moderate Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Pronunciation: /ˈmɒdəɹət/, /ˈmɑdəɹət/ 1. One who holds an intermediate position between extremes, as in politics. Example: While the moderates usually propose political compromise, it's often only achieved when the extremists allow them so Example: The moderates are the natural advocates of ecumenism against the fanatics of their churches. 2. One of a party in Scottish Church history dominant in the 18th century, lax in doctrine and discipline, but intolerant of evangelicalism and popular rights. It caused the secessions of 1733 and 1761, and its final resultant was the Disruption of 1843. Labels: historical
Word: moderate Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English moderaten (“to restrain, curb; (law) modify”), from moderat(e) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin moderātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Pronunciation: /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/, /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ 1. To reduce the excessiveness of (something). Labels: transitive Example: to moderate rage, action, desires, etc. Example: By its astringent Quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm Water. 2. To become less excessive. Labels: intransitive Example: He used to be an extremist but moderated later in life. 3. To preside over (something) as a moderator. Labels: transitive Example: to moderate a synod 4. To act as a moderator; to assist in bringing to compromise. Labels: intransitive Example: We need more users to volunteer to moderate the comment section of our forum. 5. To supply with a moderator (substance that decreases the speed of neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increases likelihood of fission). Labels: transitive Example: a graphite-moderated reactor
Word: surplus Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus. Pronunciation: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/, /ˈsɜːpləs/ 1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus; overage. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government. Labels: countable, uncountable 3. The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose. Labels: countable, uncountable 4. assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted. Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: surplus Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus. Pronunciation: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/, /ˈsɜːpləs/ 1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient. Labels: not-comparable Example: surplus population Example: surplus words
Word: surplus Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus. Pronunciation: /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/, /ˈsɜːpləs/ 1. To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc. Labels: transitive Example: This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]
Word: swagger Part of Speech: verb Etymology: A frequentative form of swag (“to sway”), first attested in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595), see quotations. Pronunciation: /ˈswæɡ.ə/, /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ 1. To behave (especially to walk or carry oneself) in a pompous, superior manner. Example: What hempen home-ſpuns haue we ſwaggering here, / So neere the Cradle of the Faierie Queene? Example: He is a political humbug, the greatest of all humbugs; a man who swaggers about London clubs and consults solemnly about his influence, and in the country is a nonentity. 2. To boast or brag noisily; to bluster; to bully. Example: To be great is not […] to swagger at our footmen. Example: For the common Soldier when he goes to the Market or Ale-house will offer this Money, and if it be refused, perhaps he will SWAGGER and HECTOR, and Threaten to Beat the BUTCHER or Ale-Wife, or take the Goods by Force, and throw them the bad HALF-PENCE. 3. To walk with a swaying motion. Example: It's the injustice… he is so unjust— whiskey-blind, swaggering home at five.
Word: swagger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: A frequentative form of swag (“to sway”), first attested in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595), see quotations. Pronunciation: /ˈswæɡ.ə/, /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ 1. Confidence, pride. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: After spending so much of the season looking upwards, the swashbuckling style and swagger of early season Spurs was replaced by uncertainty and frustration against a Norwich side who had the quality and verve to take advantage 2. A bold or arrogant strut. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: He steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk, and would let that cripple of a steamboat get the upper hand of him in a minute. 3. A prideful boasting or bragging. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Too often we honor swagger and bluster and the wielders of force; too often we excuse those who are willing to build their lives on the shattered dreams of others.
Word: swagger Part of Speech: adj Etymology: A frequentative form of swag (“to sway”), first attested in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595), see quotations. Pronunciation: /ˈswæɡ.ə/, /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ 1. Fashionable; trendy. Labels: archaic, slang Example: It is to be a very swagger affair, with notables from every part of Europe, and they seem determined that no one connected with a newspaper shall be admitted. Example: 15 March, 1896, Ernest Rutherford, letter to Mary Newton Mrs J.J. [Thomson] looked very well and was dressed very swagger and made a very fine hostess.
Word: swagger Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From swag + -er. Pronunciation: /ˈswæɡ.ə/, /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ 1. Someone carrying a swag; a swagman. Labels: Australia, New-Zealand, historical Example: There were now more swaggers passing down Ferry Street and more coming to ask for food […]. Example: She looked down in her half-dreaming state and thought they might be swaggers. There were lots of them that year, camped out on the riverbank netting for whitebait, then fanning out around the streets selling their catch door to door.
Word: swain Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English swayn, swain, sweyn, swein, from Old English sweġen (attested also as personal name Swein, Sweġen), from Old Norse sveinn, from Proto-Germanic *swainaz (“relative, young man, servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself; separate; apart”), thus properly one's own. Cognate with Danish svend (“hireling, young man”), Norwegian svein (“lad, young man, servant”) Icelandic sveinn (“boy, lad, servant”), Swedish sven (“swain, servant”), Low German Sween, dialectal German Schwein, Old English swān (“swineherd, lad”). Pronunciation: /sweɪn/ 1. A young man or boy in service; a servant. Labels: obsolete 2. A knight's servant; an attendant. Labels: obsolete 3. A country labourer; a countryman, a rustic. Labels: archaic Example: theſe that ſeeme but ſilly country Swaines, May haue the leading of so great an hoſte, As with their waight ſhal make the mountains quake. 4. A rural lover; a male sweetheart in a pastoral setting. Labels: poetic Example: Why thus from the Plain does my Shepherdess rove Forsaking Her Swain and neglecting his love? Example: “Oh, dear Miss Dobson, will you but accept my hand, all these things shall be yours—the cards, the canister, the goldfish, the demon egg-cup—all yours!” Zuleika, with ravishing coyness, answered that if he would give her them now, she would “think it over.” The swain consented, and at bed-time she retired with the gift under her arm.
Word: swang Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈswæŋ/, [ˈswæŋ], /ˈsweɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈsweɪ̯ŋ], /ˈswɛ̃ŋ/ 1. A swamp.
Word: swang Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈswæŋ/, [ˈswæŋ], /ˈsweɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈsweɪ̯ŋ], /ˈswɛ̃ŋ/ 1. To steer one's vehicle from side to side while driving. Labels: slang Example: Turn on my blinker light and then I swang it slow Example: I'mma swang, I'mma swing my slab lean to the left
Word: swang Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈswæŋ/, [ˈswæŋ], /ˈsweɪ̯ŋ/, [ˈsweɪ̯ŋ], /ˈswɛ̃ŋ/ 1. simple past of swing. Now largely replaced by swung. Labels: archaic, dialectal, form-of, past
Word: swanky Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From swank + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈswæŋki/, /ˈsweɪ̯ŋki/, /ˈswɛ̃ŋki/ 1. Rather posh, elegant, ritzy. Labels: informal Example: His manner never had been modest or retiring. Now it was unmistakably swanky; he was putting on side to an extent that made fellows who observed him smile and shrug their shoulders. Example: So anyway, anniversary night and I've gone off. The sensational dinner, booked a swanky hotel and had a blinder.
Word: swanky Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From swank + -y. Pronunciation: /ˈswæŋki/, /ˈsweɪ̯ŋki/, /ˈswɛ̃ŋki/ 1. Alternative form of swankie. Labels: alt-of, alternative, countable, uncountable
Word: swathe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English swathe, swath, from Old English swaþu, swæþ (“bandage”), probably akin to Old English swaþul, sweþel (“a swathe, wrap, band, bandage”). Pronunciation: /sweɪð/, /swɑð/, /swɔð/ 1. A bandage; a band.
Word: swathe Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English swathen, from Old English *swaþian, akin to Old English besweþian (“to swathe, swaddle”). Pronunciation: /sweɪð/, /swɑð/, /swɔð/ 1. To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers Example: Their children are never swathed, or bound about with any thing when they are first born' but are put naked into the bed with their parents to lie. Example: The head was swathed in linen bands that had been white, but were now stained and discoloured with damp, but of this I shall not speak more, and beneath the chin-cloth the beard had once escaped.
Word: swathe Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English swathe, from Old English swaþu (“track, trace”), from Proto-Germanic *swaþō. More at swath. Pronunciation: /sweɪð/, /swɑð/, /swɔð/ 1. Alternative form of swath. Labels: UK, alt-of, alternative Example: United's stature is such that one result must not bring the immediate announcement of a shift in the balance of power in Manchester - but the swathes of empty seats around Old Trafford and the wave of attacks pouring towards David de Gea's goal in the second half emphasised that City quite simply have greater firepower and talent in their squad at present. Example: 2012, The Economist, Sep 29th 2012 issue, Venezuela’s presidential election: The autocrat and the ballot box As well as the advantages of abused office, Mr Chávez can boast enduring popularity among a broad swathe of poorer Venezuelans. They like him for his charisma, humble background and demotic speech.
Word: sway Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From earlier swey (“to fall, swoon”), from Middle English sweyen, from Old English *swǣġan (“to bend, bow”), from Proto-West Germanic *swaigijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₁- See also Saterland Frisian swooie (“to swing, wave, wobble”); also Lithuanian svai̇̃gti (“to become giddy or dizzy”), the second element of Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬱𐬑𐬎𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬀 (paⁱri-šxuaxta, “to surround”), Sanskrit स्वजते (svájate, “he embraces, enfolds”). The noun derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /ˈsweɪ̯/, /ˈswe̞(ː)/, /ˈswæ̝ɪ̯/ 1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; a swing or sweep of a weapon. Labels: countable, uncountable 2. A rocking or swinging motion. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The old song caused a little sway in everyone in the room. 3. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side Labels: countable, uncountable Example: I doubt I'll hold much sway with someone so powerful. Example: Though both Mr. Knight and Mr. Hennessey view themselves as traders first, the “finfluencer” culture has flourished with the surge in online interest, and they have considerable sway. 4. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. Rule; dominion; control; power. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: Prospero:[…]Confederates / (ſo drie he was for Sway) with King of Naples / To giue him Annuall tribute, doe him homage / Subiect his Coronet, to his Crowne and bend / The Dukedom yet vnbow'd (alas poore Millaine) / To moſt ignoble ſtooping. Example: Prayuth's return as prime minister takes Thailand back to 1980s. Military still holds sway in a democracy that has yet to mature. 6. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work. Labels: countable, uncountable 7. The maximum amplitude of a vehicle's lateral motion. Labels: countable, uncountable 8. Synonym of sweet flag (“Acorus calamus”) Labels: countable, uncountable
Word: sway Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From earlier swey (“to fall, swoon”), from Middle English sweyen, from Old English *swǣġan (“to bend, bow”), from Proto-West Germanic *swaigijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₁- See also Saterland Frisian swooie (“to swing, wave, wobble”); also Lithuanian svai̇̃gti (“to become giddy or dizzy”), the second element of Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬱𐬑𐬎𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬀 (paⁱri-šxuaxta, “to surround”), Sanskrit स्वजते (svájate, “he embraces, enfolds”). The noun derived from the verb. Pronunciation: /ˈsweɪ̯/, /ˈswe̞(ː)/, /ˈswæ̝ɪ̯/ 1. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and forward; to rock. Labels: intransitive Example: sway to the music Example: The trees swayed in the breeze. 2. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield. Labels: transitive Example: to sway the sceptre Example: As sparckles from the Anduile vse to fly, / When heauie hammers on the wedge are swaid 3. To influence or direct by power, authority, persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. Compare persuade. Labels: transitive Example: Do you think you can sway their decision? Example: This was the race / To sway the world, and land and sea subdue. 4. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; to warp. Labels: transitive Example: reeds swayed by the wind Example: judgment swayed by passion 5. To hoist (a mast or yard) into position. Labels: transitive Example: to sway up the yards 6. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to incline. Example: euen in these Personall Respects, the Ballance swayes on our part: […] 7. To have weight or influence. Example: The example of sundry churches […] doth sway much. 8. To bear sway; to rule; to govern. Example: Hadst thou swayed as kings should do.
Word: excessive Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English excessive, excessif, from Old French excessif, from Medieval Latin excessivus, equivalent to excess + -ive. Pronunciation: /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/ 1. Exceeding the usual bounds of something; too much (of amount); extravagant; immoderate. Example: The movie's excessive use of special effects distracted from the plot. Example: "You can throw off your cumbersome disguise here," said Lucy, though the words could scarcely be distinguished, from her excessive agitation, Evelyn hastily caught up a cloak and cap laid ready for him, and a few minutes brought them into the sitting-room.