nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: Lisbon Part of Speech: name Etymology: Etymology tree Paleo-Hispanicbor.? Tartessianbor.? Phoeniciander.? Latin Olisīpō Vulgar Latin Olisiponabor. Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna)bor. French Lisbonnebor. English Lisbon As the capital of Portugal, from French Lisbonne, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, the origin of which is uncertain. Older spellings include Ulixbona and Ulixbuna (in the Visigothic era); Ὀλισσιπών (Olissipṓn) or Ὀλισσιπόνα (Olissipóna) (by Greek writers), Olisippo (by Pliny the Elder), and Ulyssippo (by Pomponius Mela of Hispania), the last of which relates to the first-century Roman folk etymology that it was founded by and named after Ulysses; another common folk etymology is the Phoenician 𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤑 𐤏𐤁𐤀 (ʿlyṣ ʿbʾ /⁠ʿaliṣ-ʿuboʾ⁠/, “safe harbour”), but there is not much evidence for such words. Another possibility, based on hydronymy of the area, derives the name from Paleo-Hispanic's appellation for the Tagus, Lisso or Lucio. In other senses, with reference to the Portuguese city. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪzbən/ 1. A port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; the capital city of Portugal. Example: We see documentary footage (the trudging homeless) and an animated map—an inky line movies from Paris to Marseilles, from there to Oran, and finally to Casablanca, where the lucky ones escape via Lisbon and the rest “wait…and wait…and wait.” 2. A district of Portugal around the capital. 3. The Portuguese government. Labels: metonymically 4. A number of places in the United States: 5. A number of places in the United States: 6. A number of places in the United States: 7. A number of places in the United States: 8. A number of places in the United States: 9. A number of places in the United States: 10. A number of places in the United States: 11. A number of places in the United States: 12. A number of places in the United States: 13. A number of places in the United States: 14. A number of places in the United States: 15. A number of places in the United States: 16. A number of places in the United States: 17. A number of places in the United States: 18. A number of places in the United States: 19. A number of places in the United States: 20. A number of places in the United States: 21. A number of places in the United States: 22. A number of places in the United States:
Word: Lisbon Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Paleo-Hispanicbor.? Tartessianbor.? Phoeniciander.? Latin Olisīpō Vulgar Latin Olisiponabor. Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna)bor. French Lisbonnebor. English Lisbon As the capital of Portugal, from French Lisbonne, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, the origin of which is uncertain. Older spellings include Ulixbona and Ulixbuna (in the Visigothic era); Ὀλισσιπών (Olissipṓn) or Ὀλισσιπόνα (Olissipóna) (by Greek writers), Olisippo (by Pliny the Elder), and Ulyssippo (by Pomponius Mela of Hispania), the last of which relates to the first-century Roman folk etymology that it was founded by and named after Ulysses; another common folk etymology is the Phoenician 𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤑 𐤏𐤁𐤀 (ʿlyṣ ʿbʾ /⁠ʿaliṣ-ʿuboʾ⁠/, “safe harbour”), but there is not much evidence for such words. Another possibility, based on hydronymy of the area, derives the name from Paleo-Hispanic's appellation for the Tagus, Lisso or Lucio. In other senses, with reference to the Portuguese city. Pronunciation: /ˈlɪzbən/ 1. A sweet, light-coloured wine from Portugal. Example: We had plenty of port wine and Lisbon, which, with uninterrupted good humour, made the hours glide rapidly away.
Word: Liverpool Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old English *Liferpōl, from lifer (“thick water”, literally “liver”) + pōl (“pool”). Compare Old English lifrig (“thick, clotted”, literally “livery”). Pronunciation: /ˈlɪvə(ɹ)ˌpuːl/ 1. A city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world. Example: […] British potters in Liverpool treasonously inscribed pro-American slogans on 1810s pitchers for the lucrative export trade ($2,000 to $6,000 at William R. and Teresa F. Kurau). 2. A suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 3. A local government area in New South Wales, which includes the suburb; in full, the City of Liverpool. 4. A community in Nova Scotia, Canada. 5. A small village in Fulton County, Illinois, United States. 6. A neighbourhood of Lake Station, on the site of Liverpool, a former town in Lake County, Indiana. 7. A village in Onondaga County, New York, United States. 8. A small borough in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. 9. A tiny city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States.
Word: Liverpool Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old English *Liferpōl, from lifer (“thick water”, literally “liver”) + pōl (“pool”). Compare Old English lifrig (“thick, clotted”, literally “livery”). Pronunciation: /ˈlɪvə(ɹ)ˌpuːl/ 1. An obstacle for a horse to jump over, consisting of an oxer or vertical jump with a small pool of water or a tarpaulin underneath. 2. Ellipsis of Liverpool bit. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis
Word: Los Angeles Part of Speech: name Etymology: An anglicized form of Spanish Los Ángeles, an ellipsis of Pueblo de los Ángeles (literally “Town of the Angels”), itself an ellipsis of Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (literally “Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola”), taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin portiuncula, “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order. Pronunciation: /lɔs ˈændʒələs/, /lɔs ˈændʒəlɪs/, /lɔs ˈændʒəliz/, /lɔs ˈændʒəlɛs/, /lɑs ˈændʒələs/ 1. A placename Example: It is projected that the ride from Los Angeles to Las Vegas on such a supertrain would take 75 minutes. Example: Los Angeles would still be a piddling little town in a desert if it weren’t for Sierra snowmelt and city officials crafty enough to snooker eastern California farmers out of their water rights. 2. A placename Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 3. A placename 4. A placename 5. A placename 6. Synonym of 688: Ellipsis of Los Angeles class Labels: US
Word: Los Angeles Part of Speech: noun Etymology: An anglicized form of Spanish Los Ángeles, an ellipsis of Pueblo de los Ángeles (literally “Town of the Angels”), itself an ellipsis of Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (literally “Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola”), taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin portiuncula, “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order. Pronunciation: /lɔs ˈændʒələs/, /lɔs ˈændʒəlɪs/, /lɔs ˈændʒəliz/, /lɔs ˈændʒəlɛs/, /lɑs ˈændʒələs/ 1. Synonym of 688 Labels: US
Word: Louisiana Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from French Louisiane, named for King Louis XIV of France. Pronunciation: /luːˌiːziˈænə/, /ləˌwiːziˈænə/, /ˌluːziˈænə/ 1. A state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. Capital: Baton Rouge. Largest city: New Orleans. Example: A federal judge has temporarily blocked a Louisiana law requiring the Ten Commandments to be displayed in every public school classroom by the new year. 2. A vast territory in central North America: Labels: historical 3. A vast territory in central North America: Labels: historical 4. A vast territory in central North America: Labels: historical 5. A city in Pike County, Missouri, named for the founder's daughter, Louisiana Bayse. 6. A ghost town in Douglas County, Kansas. 7. The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and especially its athletic program, the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns. 8. A female given name.
Word: Lusaka Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /luːˈsɑːkə/ 1. The capital city of Zambia. Example: A Lusaka evening: a purpling sky, woodsmoke from supper fires, mosquitoes singing delirious rounds, the clapping and chanting of a church meeting, the bitter smell of car exhaust.
Word: madeira Part of Speech: noun 1. Alternative letter-case form of Madeira (“fortified wine”). Labels: alt-of, countable, uncountable
Word: Majorca Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Latin īnsula maior (“larger island”); the intermediate form was *Maiōrica. Pronunciation: /məˈjɔɹ.kə/, /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.kə/, /məˈjɔː.kə/, /məˈd͡ʒɔː.kə/ 1. Alternative form of Mallorca: An island in the Mediterranean; largest of the Balearic Islands. Labels: alt-of, alternative 2. A locality in the Shire of Central Goldfields, central Victoria, Australia
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name Etymology: The US state is from French Maine, named by its French explorers after the province in France with the same name; unrelated to the name of the river that flows through it. From Old French Cemaine, from Latin *Cenomania, from the name of the Gaulish Cenomani tribe of Gallia Celtica. The word was rebracketed as ce (“this”) + Maine, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century. Pronunciation: /mɛn/, /meɪn/ 1. A former province of Pays de la Loire, France. Capital: Le Mans. Labels: error-lua-exec 2. A state of the United States; probably named for the province in France. Capital: Augusta. Largest city: Portland. Labels: error-lua-exec Example: These first English migrants to Jamestown endured terrible disease and arrived during a period of drought and colder-than-normal winters. The migrants to Roanoke on the outer banks of Carolina, where the English had gone in the 1580s, disappeared. And a brief effort to settle the coast of Maine in 1607 and 1608 failed because of an unusually bitter winter. 3. A town in New York. Labels: error-lua-exec 4. A town in Outagamie County, Wisconsin; named for the state. Labels: error-lua-exec 5. A river in Maine, United States, flowing 5.5 miles from Pocomoonshine Lake in Princeton into Crawford Lake in Crawford. Labels: error-lua-exec 6. University of Maine. Labels: error-lua-exec
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name Etymology: From French Maine, from earlier Maienne, from Latin Meduāna, of uncertain origin. Doublet of Mayenne. Unrelated to the French province of the same name. Pronunciation: /mɛːn/ 1. A river in Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France, a tributary of the Loire, flowing 12 km through the city of Angers from the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe into the Loire.
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name 1. A Scottish and English surname from Old French, a variant of Main. 2. A village in Marathon County, Wisconsin; named for county sheriff Uriah E. Maine.
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Irish An Mhaing 1. A river in County Kerry, Ireland, flowing 43 km from Tobermaing into the Atlantic at Castlemaine.
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old Irish Maine. 1. A male given name from Old Irish, of historical usage, notably borne by Irish kings Maine mac Cerbaill and Maine mac Néill.
Word: Maine Part of Speech: name 1. Alternative form of Main: A river in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Manila Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla). Pronunciation: /mɐˈni.lɐ/, /məˈnɪl.ə/ 1. The capital city of the Philippines; the regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon. Example: Chinese traders, mostly from the southern ports of Amoy (Hsia-men) and Canton, took raw silk, fabrics, and apparel to Manila, where these cargoes were sold for silver and carried back for sale in the New World. Example: PNR trips were suspended at past 1 p.m. after the temblor struck Camarines Norte, but was felt in the city of Manila at Intensity 3. 2. Metro Manila, the National Capital Region (NCR). Labels: broadly 3. the entirety of Luzon. Labels: broadly 4. The national government or administrative authority of the Philippines. Labels: figuratively 5. A small town, the county seat of Daggett County, Utah, United States. 6. A census-designated place in Humboldt County, California, United States. 7. A city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States.
Word: Manila Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla). Pronunciation: /mɐˈni.lɐ/, /məˈnɪl.ə/ 1. Venerupis philippinarum; a Pacific clam. 2. Alternative form of manila (“kind of cheroot”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: Mantua Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Latin Mantua. Pronunciation: /ˈmæn.t(j)u.ə/, /ˈmæn.t͡ʃu.ə/, /ˈmæn.ə.weɪ/ 1. Province of Lombardy, Italy. 2. City and capital of Mantua. Example: He and I / Will watch thy waking, and that very night / Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. 3. A town in Pinar del Río, Cuba. 4. A village in Ohio. 5. A village in Utah.
Word: Marseilles Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Old French Marseilles (nominative of Marseille), from Latin Massilia, Marsilia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), probably from a pre-Latin language of Italy, perhaps Ancient Ligurian mas (“spring”). Pronunciation: /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪ/, /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪlz/ 1. Alternative spelling of Marseille: the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Labels: alt-of, alternative Example: We see documentary footage (the trudging homeless) and an animated map—an inky line movies from Paris to Marseilles, from there to Oran, and finally to Casablanca, where the lucky ones escape via Lisbon and the rest “wait…and wait…and wait.” 2. A city in LaSalle County, in northern Illinois, United States.
Word: Marseilles Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Old French Marseilles (nominative of Marseille), from Latin Massilia, Marsilia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), probably from a pre-Latin language of Italy, perhaps Ancient Ligurian mas (“spring”). Pronunciation: /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪ/, /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪlz/ 1. A kind of fabric made from two series of threads interlacing each other, thus forming a double cloth, quilted in the loom. Labels: uncountable
Word: Melanesia Part of Speech: name Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- Proto-Indo-European *mélh₂ns Proto-Hellenic *mélās Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas)lbor. Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos)lbor. Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin -ia Old French -ie Middle French -ie French -ie French Mélanésiebor. English Melanesia From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants. Pronunciation: /ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/, /ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/ 1. A continental region of Oceania, consisting of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. Example: My job, then, is that of a cultural and religious broker of sorts, co-opting Melanesia to serve as a stimulus to thought in Le Moyne classrooms.
Word: Milan Part of Speech: name Etymology: Inherited from Middle English Milane, Melan, etc., from Old English Mæġelan, Megelan, Mediolana burg, etc. under influence from early forms of French Milan, from Medieval Latin Mediolāna etc., from Latin Mediolānum, q.v. As American settlements, typically after the Italian city. Doublet of Milano. Pronunciation: /mɪˈlɑn/, /mɪˈlæn/, /ˈmaɪlɪn/, /ˈmaɪlən/ 1. A city and comune, the capital of the Metropolitan City of Milan and the region of Lombardy, Italy. 2. A metropolitan city of Lombardy, established in 2015; in full, the Metropolitan City of Milan. 3. A former province of Lombardy. Labels: historical 4. Ellipsis of AC Milan, the Italian city's football club/soccer team. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 5. A female given name. 6. A number of places in the United States: 7. A number of places in the United States: 8. A number of places in the United States: 9. A number of places in the United States: 10. A number of places in the United States: 11. A number of places in the United States: 12. A number of places in the United States: 13. A number of places in the United States: 14. A number of places in the United States: 15. A number of places in the United States: 16. A number of places in the United States: 17. A number of places in the United States: 18. A number of places in the United States: 19. A number of places in the United States: 20. A number of places in the United States: 21. A number of places in the United States: 22. A number of places in the United States: 23. A number of places in the United States: 24. A number of places in the United States: 25. A number of places in the United States: 26. A number of places in the United States:
Word: Milan Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from Slavic. 1. A male given name from the Slavic languages.
Word: Montevideo Part of Speech: name Etymology: There is general agreement that the first two syllables come from Spanish or Portuguese monte (“hill”), in reference to the prominent hill to the west of the city. Beyond that, explanations differ. Two of the most popular stories are that the name comes from a reading of the abbreviated MONTE-VI-D-E-O ("sixth hill from east to west"), or that it comes from a Portuguese sailor's shout of "Monte vide eu". Pronunciation: /ˌmɒntɪvɪˈdeɪəʊ/, /mantɪvɪˈdeɪːəʊ/, /ˌmɒntɪˈvɪdiəʊ/ 1. The capital city of Uruguay. Example: The Tower of Montevideo has many rooms / Some of them are empty since I left you 2. A city, the county seat of Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States.
Word: Nairobi Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Maasai enkare nyrobi (“cold water, cold river”), the name of the Nairobi river. Pronunciation: /naɪˈɹəʊbi/ 1. The capital city of Kenya. Example: By 1899 the railhead had reached the further edge of the Athi Plain at mile 315, and halted while the survey parties went ahead, and a supply base was established at the foot of the hills. This spot has become Nairobi.
Word: Nassau Part of Speech: name Etymology: Borrowed from German Nassau, from German nass (“wet”). The Bahamian city is named after the German one. Pronunciation: /ˈnæsɔː/ 1. A city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. 2. The capital city of the Bahamas.
Word: Nassau Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from German Nassau, from German nass (“wet”). The Bahamian city is named after the German one. Pronunciation: /ˈnæsɔː/ 1. A wager consisting essentially of three separate bets, for the best score on each of the front nine (holes 1–9), back nine (holes 10–18), and total 18 holes.
Word: New England Part of Speech: name Etymology: The name of the American region was coined by English explorer John Smith in 1616. 1. A geographic region of the northeastern United States, consisting of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Example: [page 3] New England is that part of America in the Ocean Sea opposite to Noua Albyon in the South Sea; discouered by the most memorable Sir Francis Drake in his voyage about the worlde. In regarde whereto this is stiled New England, beeing in the same latitude. New France, off it, is Northward: Southwardes is Virginia, and all the adioyning Continent, with New Granado, New Spain, New Andolosia and the West Indies. [page 7] That part wee call New England is betwixt the degrees of 41. and 45: but that parte this discourse speaketh of, stretcheth but from Pennobscot to Cape Cod, some 75 leagues by a right line distant each from other […] Example: On the twenty-sixth of March, 1638, Peter Noyes, yeoman of the parish of Weyhill, Hampshire, gave his land back to the Lord of the Manor. No longer would he help his Hampshire neighbors erect fences around the common fields in the spring or watch the plow teams turn furrows in the rich loam. Noyes had decided. He was taking his eldest son to visit New England in the expectation of moving his family from Weyhill forever. 2. Other places in the United States: 3. Other places in the United States: 4. Other places in the United States: 5. Other places in the United States: 6. A place in England: 7. A place in England: 8. A place in England: 9. A place in England: 10. A loosely defined region in the north of New South Wales, Australia. 11. An electoral division in New South Wales, Australia.
Word: New Ireland Part of Speech: name 1. An island of the Bismarck Archipelago in New Ireland province, Papua New Guinea; a German colony from 1884 to 1921; governed by Australia from 1921 and then by Papua New Guinea from 1975 to the present day. 2. A province of Papua New Guinea. 3. A Crown colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain established in what is now the state of Maine, U.S., after British forces captured the area during the American Revolutionary War and again during the War of 1812. Labels: historical 4. A proposed renaming of Prince Edward Island, led by then lieutenant governor Walter Patterson in 1770. Labels: historical 5. A short-lived territory proclaimed by the Castle Hill convict rebellion in Australia. Labels: historical
Word: power-up Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Calque of Japanese パワーアップ (pawā-appu), itself a wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism) derived from power + up. 1. An item that alters the game in a positive way once that item is used.
Word: stressor Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is- Proto-Italic *dis- Latin dis- Proto-Indo-European *streyg- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *-ti Proto-Indo-European *strinégti Proto-Italic *stringō Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-eti Proto-Indo-European *stréngʰeti Proto-Italic *strengō Latin stringō Latin distringōder. Old French destrecierbor. Middle English destresse English stress English -or English stressor From stress + -or. 1. An environmental condition or influence that stresses (i.e. causes stress for) an organism. Example: These children are constitutionally sad. Other children, like Luke, develop depressive feelings out of the blue or in response to some mild stressor. Example: These paradoxical pleasures […] are acquired by controlling one's exposure to the stressor in gradually increasing doses.
Word: cruciform Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Latin crux (“cross”) + -iform. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹuːsɪfɔː(ɹ)m/ 1. Having the shape of a cross. Example: Near-synonym: X-shaped (not always differentiable)
Word: cruciform Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin crux (“cross”) + -iform. Pronunciation: /ˈkɹuːsɪfɔː(ɹ)m/ 1. A cross shape in DNA; a Holliday junction. 2. Any emblem in the shape of a cross. Example: Michael Eaton has discovered that if you visit its websites you will be warned: "Royal Mail, the Royal Mail Cruciform and the colour red are registered trademarks of Royal Mail Group plc."
Word: cross Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rode, from Old English rōd (“cross”); see English rood. Doublet of crouch (“cross”) and crux. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century. Cognates *Icelandic kross (“cross”) *Faroese krossur (“cross”) *Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”) *Danish kors (“cross”) *Swedish kors (“cross”) *North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”) *Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”) *West Frisian krús (“cross”) *Dutch kruis (“cross”) *German Low German Krüüz (“cross”) *German Kreuz (“cross”) Pronunciation: /kɹɒs/, /kɹɔs/, /kɹɑs/, [kɹɔ̟s] 1. Transverse; lying across the main direction. Example: At the end of each row were cross benches which linked the rows. Example: the cross refraction of the second prism 2. Opposite, opposed to. Labels: archaic Example: His actions were perversely cross to his own happiness. 3. Opposing, adverse; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for. Labels: archaic Example: As a fat body is more subject to diseases, so are rich men to absurdities and fooleries, to many casualties and cross inconveniences. Example: a cross fortune 4. (of someone) Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed; (of words) tinged with anger. Labels: UK Example: They exchanged a few cross words. Example: She was rather cross about missing her train on the first day of the job. 5. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged. Example: cross interrogatories Example: cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other 6. Of the sea, having two wave systems traveling at oblique angles, due to the wind over shifting direction or the waves of two storm systems meeting. Example: As my father remarked to me when I stole on deck to view the state of affairs, the sea was a "cross one," and very difficult to steer against. 7. Dishonest. Labels: archaic
Word: cross Part of Speech: prep Etymology: From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), from Old Norse kross, from Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (crucī). In this sense displaced native Middle English rode, from Old English rōd (“cross”); see English rood. Doublet of crouch (“cross”) and crux. Compare Welsh croes, Irish crois. The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century. Cognates *Icelandic kross (“cross”) *Faroese krossur (“cross”) *Norwegian Nynorsk kross, kors (“cross”) *Danish kors (“cross”) *Swedish kors (“cross”) *North Frisian kross, korss (“cross”) *Saterland Frisian Krjuus, Kjus (“cross”) *West Frisian krús (“cross”) *Dutch kruis (“cross”) *German Low German Krüüz (“cross”) *German Kreuz (“cross”) Pronunciation: /kɹɒs/, /kɹɔs/, /kɹɑs/, [kɹɔ̟s] 1. Across. Labels: archaic Example: She walked cross the mountains. Example: A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village. 2. The cross product of the previous vector and the following vector. Example: The Lorentz force is q times v cross B.
Word: pun Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English ponnen, ponen, punen, from Old English punian, pūnian (“to pound, beat, bray, bruise, crush, grind”), from Proto-Germanic *punōną (“to break to pieces, pulverize”). See pound. As a kind of word play, from the notion of "beating" the words into place. Pronunciation: /pʌn/, /pʊn/ 1. To beat; strike with force; to ram; to pound, as in a mortar; reduce to powder, to pulverize. Labels: obsolete, transitive Example: He would pun thee into shivers with his fist. 2. To make or tell a pun; to make a play on words. Labels: intransitive Example: We punned about the topic until all around us groaned.
Word: pun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English ponnen, ponen, punen, from Old English punian, pūnian (“to pound, beat, bray, bruise, crush, grind”), from Proto-Germanic *punōną (“to break to pieces, pulverize”). See pound. As a kind of word play, from the notion of "beating" the words into place. Pronunciation: /pʌn/, /pʊn/ 1. A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused. Example: The pun is the lowest form of wit. Example: "Certainly, my home at my uncle's brought me acquainted with a circle of admirals. Of Rears, and Vices, I saw enough. Now do not be suspecting me of a pun, I entreat."
Word: pun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 분 (bun), from Chinese 分 (“fen”). Pronunciation: /pʌn/, /pʊn/ 1. Alternative form of bun (“Korean unit of measure”). Labels: alt-of, alternative
Word: pun Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Hindi [Term?]. Pronunciation: /pʌn/, /pʊn/ 1. A certain number of cowries, generally 80. Labels: India, historical Example: Hackeries and carriages, loaded and empty, 8 annas. Sheep, goats, &c., 1 pun of cowries each.
Word: Wade-Giles Part of Speech: name Etymology: 1943. Named after British diplomats Thomas Francis Wade and Herbert Giles, who developed the system in the 19th century. 1. A system for transcribing the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese into the Latin alphabet; formally uses hyphens and the spiritus asper apostrophe. Example: The pronunciation aids to Chinese names are of doubtful value. They are not phonetic, being only a slight modification of the Wade-Giles system, and become really confusing when Mandarin pronunciations are given for Cantonese or historical spellings. Example: The problem of romanizing Chinese place names is a difficult one. Solutions differ from language to language, and there are several so-called "systems" used even in the English-speaking world. The system most widely accepted by professionals is the Wade-Giles system. One of its key advantages is that it permits the reader to check back to the original Chinese characters, since most dictionaries are arranged according to this romanization system.
Word: step- Part of Speech: prefix Etymology: From Middle English step-, from Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”). Cognate with Scots step- (“step-”), West Frisian stiep- (“step-”), Dutch stief- (“step-”), Low German steef- (“step-”), German stief- (“step-”), Swedish styv- (“step-”), Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”). Related to Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”). Not, however, related to the familiar English noun or verb step. Pronunciation: /stɛp-/ 1. A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent. Labels: morpheme
Word: consanguinity Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English consanguinytee, consanguinite, consanguinyte, from Old French consanguinité and Latin cōnsanguinitātem, accusative of Latin cōnsanguinitās, from cōnsanguineus, from Latin com- (“together”) + sanguineus (“of or pertaining to blood”), from Latin sanguis (“blood”). Pronunciation: /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnɪti/, /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnəti/, /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/, /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnəti/ 1. A consanguineous or family relationship through parentage or descent. A blood relationship. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: 1776, United States Declaration of Independence They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. Example: At Isabella's earnest request, he took both her and the child on board, for the single hour which remained to the voyagers, to the satisfaction of all parties, and it seemed as if the long-drooping flower had already revived beneath the genial smile of consanguinity, and the very tears she had shed were sweet and grateful, refreshing the bosom moved so tenderly. 2. Inbreeding Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The Mongrel Virginians was similar to other eugenic family studies in its method and mode of argumentation, but its intensive focus on "race mixing," rather than consanguinity, represents a marked departure from the previous studies.
Word: kinsman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English kynnesman, equivalent to kin + -s- + -man. Pronunciation: [ˈkʰɪnz.mən] 1. A male relative. Example: And I, the nearest kinsman of the Earl of Windsor, was to propose his election.
Word: kinswoman Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English kynneswomman; equivalent to kin + -s- + -woman. 1. A female relative. Example: Don Huberto actually fell in love with his kinswoman, and had presumption enough to declare his passion […]
Word: cohort Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Latin cohors (stem cohort-); borrowed into Old English as coorta, but reintroduced into Middle English as cōhort and chōors via Old French cohorte. Doublet of court. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊ̯ˌhɔːt/, [ˈkʰəʊ̯ˌhɔːt], /ˈkoʊ̯ˌhɔɹt/, [ˈkʰoʊ̯ˌhɔɹt], /ˈkəʉ̯ˌhoːt/ 1. A group of people supporting the same thing or person. Example: Coyness and caprice have in consequence become a heritage of the sex, together with a cohort of allied weaknesses and petty deceits, that men have come to think venial, and even amiable, in women, but which they would not tolerate among themselves. Example: A sin, an instant of rebellious pride of the intellect, made Lucifer and a third part of the cohorts of angels fall from their glory. 2. A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic. Example: The 18–24 cohort shows a sharp increase in automobile fatalities over the proximate age groupings. Example: The elderly are market segments, by generations or microgenerations within age cohorts or by historical experience as personality types. 3. Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries). Labels: Ancient-Rome, historical Example: Holonym: legion Example: Meronyms: maniple, century 4. An accomplice; abettor; associate. Example: He was able to plea down his sentence by revealing the names of three of his cohorts, as well as the source of the information. 5. Any band or body of warriors. Example: He ceas’d; and th’ Archangelic Power prepar’d / For ſwift deſcent, with him the Cohort bright / Of watchful Cherubim; […] 6. A natural group of orders of organisms, less comprehensive than a class. 7. A colleague. 8. A set of individuals in a program, especially when compared to previous sets of individuals within the same program. Example: The students in my cohort for my organic chemistry class this year are not up to snuff. Last year's cohort scored much higher averages on the mid-term. Example: Apprenticeship programmes supply the industry with an ongoing cohort of qualified talent. It is much cheaper to train new people than to pay inflated wages to attract existing talent. Apprenticeships are also a useful way of teaching the practical, hands-on skills that the modern railway needs.
Word: cohort Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Latin cohors (stem cohort-); borrowed into Old English as coorta, but reintroduced into Middle English as cōhort and chōors via Old French cohorte. Doublet of court. Pronunciation: /ˈkəʊ̯ˌhɔːt/, [ˈkʰəʊ̯ˌhɔːt], /ˈkoʊ̯ˌhɔɹt/, [ˈkʰoʊ̯ˌhɔɹt], /ˈkəʉ̯ˌhoːt/ 1. To associate with such a group.
Word: New York Part of Speech: name Etymology: From New + York. The name was chosen in honor of James, Duke of York, the original proprietor of the Province of New York. Pronunciation: /ˌnjuː ˈjɔːk/, /(ˌ)n(j)u ˈjɔɹk/, /ˌnu ˈjɔək/, /ˌnu ˈjoək/, [ˌnʊu̯ ˈjɔo̯k] 1. The largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey in addition to Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Example: New York is a former capital of the USA. Example: After a passing driver yelled at Aisha Lbhalla to “not blow up a building” and another man made obscene gestures and tailgated her on the way home, Lbhalla organized the self-defense class in Tennessee. She had heard about similar classes in New York and Los Angeles. 2. A state of the United States. Example: The capital of New York State is Albany, not New York City. Example: Entire states such as California, Illinois and New York are now sanctuaries, as well as major cities and counties such as Fairfax, Montgomery and Prince George’s counties and the District of Columbia in the capital region, according to the list. 3. New York County, a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan. Example: The New York County District Attorney only has jurisdiction in Manhattan; each of the five boroughs of New York City elects its own DA. 4. A former colony of England, from 1664 to 1707, and of Great Britain, from 1707 to 1776, which became the US state of the same name. Labels: historical 5. A settlement in Toretsk urban hromada, Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine (co-ordinates: 48°19′55″N 37°50′11″E). Example: In my recent strategic update, I go into great detail about how Russians want to encircle New York, which is located right between Chasiv Yar and Avdiivka. 6. A few places in England: 7. A few places in England: 8. A few places in England: 9. A few places in England:
Word: nice Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English nyce, nice, nys, from Old French nice, niche, nisce (“simple, foolish, ignorant”), from Latin nescius (“ignorant, not knowing”); compare nesciō (“to know not, be ignorant of”), from ne (“not”) + sciō (“to know”). Pronunciation: /ˈnaɪ̯s/, /ˈnaːs/, /ˈnɑ̟ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɒ̈ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɑ̟e̝s/ 1. Nicely. Labels: colloquial Example: Children, play nice. Example: He dresses real nice.
Word: nice Part of Speech: intj Etymology: From Middle English nyce, nice, nys, from Old French nice, niche, nisce (“simple, foolish, ignorant”), from Latin nescius (“ignorant, not knowing”); compare nesciō (“to know not, be ignorant of”), from ne (“not”) + sciō (“to know”). Pronunciation: /ˈnaɪ̯s/, /ˈnaːs/, /ˈnɑ̟ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɒ̈ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɑ̟e̝s/ 1. Used to signify a job well done. Example: Nice! I couldn't have done better. 2. Used to signify approval. Example: Is that your new car? Nice!
Word: nice Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nyce, nice, nys, from Old French nice, niche, nisce (“simple, foolish, ignorant”), from Latin nescius (“ignorant, not knowing”); compare nesciō (“to know not, be ignorant of”), from ne (“not”) + sciō (“to know”). Pronunciation: /ˈnaɪ̯s/, /ˈnaːs/, /ˈnɑ̟ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɒ̈ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɑ̟e̝s/ 1. niceness. Labels: uncountable Example: She had refused as kindly as she know how, using up as much nice as she had energy for because she was glad of his company when three o'clock rolled around and she started thinking about September. Example: We could debate forever about whether we have enough of one or too much of another. But I know one thing for sure: We never have too much nice.
Word: nice Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Name of a Unix program used to invoke a script or program with a specified priority, with the implication that running at a lower priority is "nice" (kind, etc.) because it leaves more resources for others. Pronunciation: /ˈnaɪ̯s/, /ˈnaːs/, /ˈnɑ̟ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɒ̈ɪ̯s/, /ˈnɑ̟e̝s/ 1. To run a process with a specified (usually lower) priority. Labels: Unix, transitive
Word: Nicosia Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), variant of Λευκουσία (Leukousía), equivalent to λευκός (leukós, “white”) or λεύκη (leúkē, “poplar”) + οὐσία (ousía, “property, estate”), but deriving from various Ancient Greek forms including Λευτεῶν (Leuteôn), Λευκοθέον (Leukothéon), and Λευκούπολις (Leukoúpolis) adapting an early or pre-Greek name variously recorded as Λέδραι (Lédrai), Λῆδρον (Lêdron), Λεδρῶν (Ledrôn), Λήδρα (Lḗdra), etc. Doublet of Lefkosia. Pronunciation: /ˌnɪkoʊˈsiə/, /ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/ 1. The capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus. 2. A district of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus around the city. 3. A comune in Enna province, Sicily, Italy.
Word: Normandy Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Middle English Normandie, Normandye, from Old English Normandiġ, from Old French Normendie, from normant + -ie. Compare Old Norse Norðmanndi (“Normandy”). Normant refers to the Germanic words for 'north' and 'man', as the original Normans were of Scandinavian origin. More at Norman. Pronunciation: /ˈnɔː(ɹ)məndi/ 1. An administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel. The modern region was created in 2016 with the merger of Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy. 2. A number of other places: 3. A number of other places: 4. A number of other places: 5. A number of other places: 6. A number of other places: 7. A number of other places: 8. A number of other places: 9. Ellipsis of Duchy of Normandy. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 10. Ellipsis of Normandy Landings; D-Day. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: "Having been associated with practically all combined operations, from two-man raids to the planning for Normandy, I have no hesitation in saying that the finest and most profitable of the lot was your raid on St. Nazaire."
Word: Orange Free State Part of Speech: name 1. A former province of South Africa, existing 1910–1994, now the province of Free State. Labels: historical 2. A former independent Boer republic in Southern Africa (1854–1902). Labels: historical
Word: Orleans Part of Speech: name Etymology: From French Orléans, ultimately from Latin Aurelianum, from the name of the Roman emperor Aurelian, who rebuilt the city. More at Aurelius. Pronunciation: /ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/, /ˈɔɹ.liːnz/, /ˌɔɹ.leɪˈɑ̃/, /ˌɔɹ.liˈɑːn/, /ɔːɹˈleɪ(ə)nz/ 1. A city, the capital of Loiret department, France; the regional capital of Centre-Val de Loire. 2. A surname from French [in turn transferred from the place name]. 3. A number of places in the United States: 4. A number of places in the United States: 5. A number of places in the United States: 6. A number of places in the United States: 7. A number of places in the United States: 8. A number of places in the United States: 9. A number of places in the United States: 10. A number of places in the United States: 11. A number of places in the United States: 12. A number of places in the United States: 13. A number of places in the United States:
Word: Orleans Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From French Orléans, ultimately from Latin Aurelianum, from the name of the Roman emperor Aurelian, who rebuilt the city. More at Aurelius. Pronunciation: /ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/, /ˈɔɹ.liːnz/, /ˌɔɹ.leɪˈɑ̃/, /ˌɔɹ.liˈɑːn/, /ɔːɹˈleɪ(ə)nz/ 1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, used for making clothes. Labels: uncountable 2. A variety of plum. Labels: countable
Word: Oslo Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Norwegian Oslo, from Old Norse Ósló, Ásló f or n. The first element is disputed, but is likely from ǫ́ss, áss (“god; one of the Æsir”), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz. Another theory is that it comes from áss (“hill, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *ansaz, but this is unlikely. The second element is ló f or n (“meadow”), from Proto-Germanic *lauhō f, *lauhaz m (compare the suffix -ley in English place-names). Pronunciation: /ˈɒzləʊ/, /ˈɔzləw/, /ˈɑzloʊ/, /ˈɑsloʊ/, /ˈɔzləʉ/ 1. A county and municipality, the capital city of Norway. Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania. Example: He was drawn to the three-dimensionality of the place: a town of 3,000, in the cleft between two towering mountains – the first seriously high ground you reach as you travel west of Oslo. […] Together with Vitterso, she devised a ‘winter mindset questionnaire’ to assess people’s attitudes to winter in Tromso, the Svalbard archipelago and the Oslo area. 2. A tiny city in Marshall County, in northwest Minnesota, United States. 3. An unincorporated community in Vernon Township, Dodge County, Minnesota, United States. 4. An unincorporated community in Indian River County, Florida, United States.
Word: Oxford Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”, literally “oxen's ford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Compare Old Norse Öxnafurða. Pronunciation: /ˈɒksfəd/, /ˈɔːksfəd/, /ˈɑksfɚd/ 1. A city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, famous for its university. Example: Earlier this month a technical glitch involving LTN data resulted in dozens of roads in Oxford incorrectly appearing as closed on satellite navigation devices. 2. Ellipsis of University of Oxford. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis 3. An English habitational surname derived from the city in England. 4. Other places in England: 5. Other places in England: 6. A number of places in the United States: Example: Candace Rivers’ involvement with trucking began, fittingly, on Interstate 20 not far from her hometown of Oxford, Alabama. 7. A number of places in the United States: 8. A number of places in the United States: 9. A number of places in the United States: 10. A number of places in the United States: 11. A number of places in the United States: 12. A number of places in the United States: 13. A number of places in the United States: 14. A number of places in the United States: 15. A number of places in the United States: 16. A number of places in the United States: 17. A number of places in the United States: 18. A number of places in the United States: 19. A number of places in the United States: 20. A number of places in the United States: 21. A number of places in the United States: 22. A number of places in the United States: 23. A number of places in the United States: 24. A number of places in the United States: 25. A number of places in the United States: 26. A number of places in the United States: 27. A number of places in the United States: 28. A number of places in the United States: 29. A number of places in the United States: 30. A number of places in the United States: 31. A settlement on Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands. 32. A place in Canada: 33. A place in Canada: Example: (historical) 34. A town in Waimakariri district, Canterbury, New Zealand. 35. A rural locality in Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia.
Word: Oxford Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”, literally “oxen's ford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Compare Old Norse Öxnafurða. Pronunciation: /ˈɒksfəd/, /ˈɔːksfəd/, /ˈɑksfɚd/ 1. A variety of shoe, typically made of heavy leather. Example: We had to have a young lady assistant to help us work this graft; and I asked Buck if he knew of one to fill the bill. "One," says I, "that is cool and wise and strictly business from her pompadour to her Oxfords. No ex-toe-dancers or gum-chewers or crayon portrait canvassers for this." 2. A type of basket weave cotton fabric used for clothing. Labels: attributive, usually Example: I was amazed at the sight of such a medley of things. The newest shapes in straw hats were lying side by side with camp ovens and frying-pans, while flannel and Oxford shirts, together with wideawake felt hats, vests, collars, and ties, kept company with boxes of tea, bags of flour, and ready-tapped barrels of whiskey, rum, and gin. 3. Ellipsis of Oxford scholar. Labels: Australia, abbreviation, alt-of, archaic, ellipsis 4. A dictionary published by Oxford University Press, especially the Oxford English Dictionary. 5. Ellipsis of Oxford shirt. Labels: abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis Example: […] slid his pants off, revealing glimpses of red cotton bikinis covered by the tail of his white oxford. 6. Ellipsis of Oxford marmalade. Labels: UK, abbreviation, alt-of, ellipsis
Word: Padua Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Medieval Latin Padua, from Venetan Padoa, from Latin Patavium. Pronunciation: /ˈpæd͡ʒ.u.ə/, /ˈpæd.ju.ə/ 1. A province of Veneto, Italy. 2. A city, the capital of Padua, Veneto.
Word: Palermo Part of Speech: name Etymology: From Italian Palermo, from Sicilian Palermu, from Arabic بَلَرْم (Balarm), from Latin Panormus, from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (păn-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”) for its natural harbor. Pronunciation: /pəˈlɜː(ɹ)məʊ/, /pəˈlɛə(ɹ)məʊ/ 1. A port city and comune, the capital of the Metropolitan City of Palermo and the region of Sicily, Italy. 2. A metropolitan city in Sicily, established in 2015; in full, the Metropolitan City of Palermo. 3. A former province of Sicily, Italy. Labels: historical 4. A large neighborhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. 5. A place in the United States: 6. A place in the United States: 7. A place in the United States: 8. A place in the United States: 9. A place in the United States: 10. A habitational surname
Word: Panama City Part of Speech: name 1. The capital city of Panama. 2. A city, the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States.