nandhakumarms/qualc-wiktionary-en huggingface dataset:
Word: aunt Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English aunte, from Anglo-Norman aunte, from Old French ante, from Latin amita (“father's sister”). Displaced native Middle English modrie (“aunt”) (from Old English mōdriġe (“maternal aunt”); compare Old English faþu, faþe (“paternal aunt”)). Notes on pronunciation and spelling The digraph ⟨au⟩ representing /æ ~ ɑː/ (rather than /ɔː/) is irregular. It likely reflects a development of Middle English /au̯/ to [aː~æː] before /m n/ in some varieties of Early Modern English, which later came to be identified with either /æ/ or [æː] from pre-fricative lengthening (in the latter case, creating a phoneme /æː/; this is the basis of the bath lexical set). Such pronunciations historically competed with more learned ones where /au̯/ underwent its normal development to /ɔː/, with the standard language eventually adopting /æ ~ ɑː/ in words that came to be spelt with ⟨a⟩ and /ɔː/ in those which came to be spelt with ⟨au⟩ except in this word. However, dialects may have /æ/ or /ɑː/ in other words such as launch, especially in the UK. An alternative explanation derives /æ ~ ɑː/ in this word (and other instances of bath before /m n/) from a collateral Middle English form with /a/, which would've undergone lengthening before nasals analogous to that occuring before fricatives. Though such a collateral form may be ancestral to pronunciations with /a ~ æ/ in some varieties, this hypothesis cannot explain why inherited instances of bath before /m n/ only derive from Middle English words which had variants in /au̯m au̯n/. Pronunciation: /ɑːnt/, /ænt/, /ant/, [änt], /ɔnt/ 1. The sister or sister-in-law of one’s parent. Example: As a rule, you see, I'm not lugged into Family Rows. On the occasions when Aunt is calling to Aunt like mastodons bellowing across primeval swamps and Uncle James's letter about Cousin Mabel's peculiar behaviour is being shot round the family circle... the clan has a tendency to ignore me. 2. The female cousin or cousin-in-law of one’s parent. 3. A woman of an older generation than oneself, especially a friend of one's parents, by means of fictive kin. Labels: endearing 4. Any elderly woman. Labels: obsolete 5. A procuress or bawd. Labels: obsolete Example: I saw neither hope of his reclaiming, nor comfort in his being; and was it not then better bestowed upon his uncle than upon one of his aunts?—I need not say bawd, for every one knows what aunt stands for in the last translation.
Word: nephew Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nevew, neveu (“nephew, grandson”), from Old French neveu, from Latin nepos, nepōtem, from Proto-Italic *nepōts (“nephew, grandson”), whence also French neveu, Italian nipote. Displaced or absorbed the inherited English neve (“nephew, grandson, male cousin”), from Middle English neve, from Old English nefa, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew, grandson”), whence Dutch neef, German Neffe. All ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *népōts (“grandchild, sister's son”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian nećak, Irish nia, Persian نوه (nave). Doublet of neve. Spelt with -ph- by readaptation to Latin nepos since the 15th century, which later triggered the spelling pronunciation with /f/. Pronunciation: /ˈnɛf.ju/, /ˈnɛv.ju/ 1. A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew). 2. A son of one's cousin or cousin-in-law 3. A son of one's child. Labels: archaic Example: Hir father many a time and oft would say my daughter deere, Of Nephewes thou my debtour art, their Graundsires heart to chéere.
Word: niece Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English nece (“niece, granddaughter”), from Old French nece (“niece, granddaughter”) (Modern French nièce (“niece”)) from Late Latin neptia, representing Latin neptis (“granddaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *néptih₂ (“granddaughter, niece”). Doublet of nift. Pronunciation: /niːs/, /nis/ 1. A daughter of one’s sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either the daughter of one's brother ("fraternal niece"), or of one's sister ("sororal niece"). Example: My niece just celebrated her 15th birthday. 2. A daughter of one’s cousin or cousin-in-law
Word: in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Back-formation from -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈɪn.lɔː/, /ˈɪn.lɔ/, /ˈɪn.lɑ/ 1. A relative by marriage (or through affinity). Labels: in-plural, often Example: Louie: 'Neither boiling nor baking can diminish this creature's overpowering musky scent. Only suitable for serving to unpleasant in-laws.' 2. Sometimes specifically a parent-in-law of one's child, for which the dedicated terms co-mother-in-law, co-father-in-law are rare.
Word: father-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fader in lawe, fadyr-in-lay, fader yn lawe, equivalent to father + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈfɑːðəɹɪnˌlɔː/ 1. One's spouse's father. 2. A stepfather. Labels: obsolete Example: `Yes,` replied Snawley. `The fact is, I am not their father, Mr Squeers. I'm only their father-in-law.`
Word: mother-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English moder in lawe; equivalent to mother + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɔː/, /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɑː/ 1. The mother of one's spouse. Example: For I am come to ſet a man at variance* againſt his father, ⁊ the daughter againſt her mother, and the daughter in law againſt her mother in law. Example: Odontophobia, or the fear of dental work, seems equally plausible, as does pentheraphobia - fear of the mother-in-law. 2. A mother-in-law apartment. 3. A mother-in-law sandwich. 4. A stepmother. Labels: obsolete Example: Do but consider, my dear Mr. Dashwood, how excessively comfortable your mother-in-law and her daughters may live on the interest of seven thousand pounds, 5. A spicy Caribbean sauce made with peppers, carrots, onions, lime juice, etc. Labels: uncountable
Word: brother-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English brother-in-lawe; equivalent to brother + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɔ/, /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɑ/, /ˈbɹʌðəɹ ɪn ˌlɔː/ 1. A male relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage: Example: The US Securities and Exchange Commission has closed its insider trading investigation into stock trades made by then-Sen. Richard Burr and his brother-in-law at the outset of the pandemic, the former senator announced Friday. 2. A male relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage: 3. Co-brother-in-law: A male relative of one's generation, separated by two degrees of marriage: Example: He was appalled by trench conditions and the prolongation of the war, a disillusionment further encouraged by the Easter rising, in which his brother-in-law, Francis Sheehy-Skeffington (qv), was murdered by a deranged Anglo–Irish officer, J. C. Bowen-Colthurst (qv). 4. Co-brother-in-law: A male relative of one's generation, separated by two degrees of marriage: Labels: uncommon
Word: sister-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English suster-in-lawe; equivalent to sister + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈsɪs.tɚ.ɪn.lɔ/, /ˈsɪs.tə.ɪn.lɔː/ 1. A female relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage: Example: Though they are not twins, my sister-in-law resembles my wife in almost every way. 2. A female relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage: Example: My sister-in-law and my brother met while they were both on vacation in Jamaica. 3. Co-sister-in-law: The wife of one's sibling-in-law. Labels: uncommon 4. Co-sister-in-law: The wife of one's sibling-in-law. Labels: uncommon
Word: son-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English sone in lawe; equivalent to son + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔː/ 1. The husband of one's child. Example: 12 ¶ And the men said vnto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? sonne in law, and thy sonnes, and thy daughters, and whatsoeuer thou hast in the citie, bring them out of this place. 13 For we will destroy this place, because the crie of them is waxen great before the face of the LORD: and the LORD hath sent vs to destroy it. 14 And Lot went out, and spake vnto his sonnes in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get yee out of this place: for the LORD wil destroy this citie: but hee seemed as one that mocked, vnto his sonnes in law. Example: A man in Salvage, N.L., is being called a 'miracle man' by some residents in the community for lifting a vehicle off his son-in-law, but he says he's no hero.
Word: daughter-in-law Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English doghter in lawe; equivalent to daughter + -in-law. Pronunciation: /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)ɪnˌlɔː/ 1. The wife of one's child. Example: For I am come to ſet a man at variance* againſt his father, ⁊ the daughter againſt her mother, and the daughter in law againſt her mother in law. Example: They discovered Weller had two daughters and a daughter-in-law in the same cemetery.
Word: NOLA Part of Speech: name Pronunciation: /ˈnoʊ.lə/ 1. Acronym of New Orleans, Louisiana. Labels: US, abbreviation, acronym, alt-of
Word: parents Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /ˈpɛə.ɹənts/, /ˈpɛɹ.ənts/, /ˈpæɹ.ənts/ 1. plural of parent Labels: form-of, plural Example: I like hanging out with my parents, but my friends think it's weird.
Word: parents Part of Speech: verb Pronunciation: /ˈpɛə.ɹənts/, /ˈpɛɹ.ənts/, /ˈpæɹ.ənts/ 1. third-person singular simple present indicative of parent Labels: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person
Word: bee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰey-der. Proto-Germanic *bijǭ Proto-West Germanic *bijā Old English bēo Middle English be English bee From Middle English be, bee, beo, bey, from Old English bēo, bīo (“bee”), from Proto-West Germanic *bijā, from Proto-Germanic *bijǭ (“bee”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”). Cognates Cognate with Yola been (“bees”), North Frisian bi (“bee”), West Frisian bij (“bee”), Dutch bij, by (“bee”), German Biene (“bee”), Limburgish Bé, bie (“bee”), Luxembourgish Bei (“bee”), Vilamovian byn (“bee”), West Flemish bieë (“bee”), Yiddish בין (bin, “bee”), Danish and Swedish bi (“bee”), Faroese býfluga (“bee”), Icelandic bý, býfluga (“bee”), Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk bie (“bee”); also Irish beach, meach (“bee”), Scottish Gaelic beach (“bee; beehive; wasp”), Latin fūcus (“bee”), Latvian bite (“bee”), Lithuanian bitė (“bee”), Belarusian пчала́ (pčalá, “bee”), Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Russian пчела́ (pčelá, “bee”), Czech včála, včela (“bee”), Polish pszczoła (“bee”), Serbo-Croatian пчѐла, bčela, pčèla (“bee”), Slovak včela (“bee”), Slovene čebela (“bee”), Ukrainian бджола́ (bdžolá, “bee”), Ossetian биндзӕ (binʒæ), бындз (bynʒ, “fly”), Pashto وينه (waynë́, wenë́, wuynë́, “termite; white ant”). Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey. Example: His face was belymmed as byes had him stounge[…]. Example: An angry Wasp th'one in a viall had, / Th'other in hers an hony-laden Bee. 2. Any stinging flying insect, especially a wasp. Labels: informal, proscribed
Word: bee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Possibly from dialectal bene, been, bean (“help given by neighbours”), from Middle English been, bene (“neighbourly help, prayer, petition, request, extra service given by a tenant to his lord”), from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, petition, favour, compulsory service”), from Proto-West Germanic *bōni, from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“prayer, request, supplication”). Thus a variant of obsolete ben (“prayer; petition”) and doublet of boon. Cognate with Danish bøn (“prayer”), Dutch ban (“curse”), German Bann (“ban”). More at ban. Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. A contest, especially for spelling; see spelling bee. Example: geography bee 2. A community gathering to share labour, e.g. a sewing bee or a quilting bee. Example: The cellar […] was dug by a bee in a single day. Example: There was but little variation in types of buildings in the pioneer period: house, church, store, barn and mill were usually much alike except in size, and a raising bee was the ordinary means of their erection.
Word: bee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English bie, from Old English bēah, bēag, from Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz. Doublet of beag, a learned borrowing; and of bagel. Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. A ring or torque; a bracelet. Labels: obsolete Example: And kyng Arthur gaf her a ryche bee of gold and soo she departed Example: ...restoring unto the world much gold richly adorning his Sword, two hundred Rubies, many hundred Imperial Coynes, three hundred golden Bees, the bones and horseshoe of his horse enterred with him...
Word: bee Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Variant spellings. Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. Obsolete spelling of be. Labels: alt-of, obsolete Example: held that a ‘Nicholaitan is an heretike, like Nicholas, who held that wiues should bee common to all alike.’ 2. past participle of be; been Labels: form-of, obsolete, participle, past Example: His Lady sad to see his sore constraint, / Cride out, Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee / Add faith vnto your force, and be not faint: / Strangle her, els she sure will strangle thee.
Word: bee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English [Term?], from Old English be, from Latin be (the name of the letter B). Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. The name of the Latin script letter B/b. Example: "The ee-vee-ee-ar-en-oh-ee-ell-blank-bee-ell-oh-ess-ess-oh-em-blank-en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar is especially dee-ee-ell-eye-cee-eye-oh-you-ess." Our friends thanked the spelling bee for his help and then he buzzed off.
Word: bee Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Probably from Old English bēah (“ring”). Compare bow. Pronunciation: /ˈbiː/ 1. Any of the pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through. Labels: plural-normally
Word: honey Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare Saterland Frisian Hunich, West Frisian hunich, German Low German Honnig, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare North Frisian honning, hönning, West Frisian huning, Dutch honing, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk honning, Swedish honung, Faroese hunangur, Icelandic hunang), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks. Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja. Pronunciation: /ˈhʌni/, /ˈhʊni/, /ˈhʌne/ 1. A sweet, viscous, gold-colored fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: The honey in the pot should last for years. 2. A variety of this substance. Labels: countable, usually Example: The physical properties of the different honeys, color, granulation, aroma, flavor, etc., are indicated in the table only in a very general way. Example: If two of the California honeys, western hyssop and fleabane, having a positive polarization at 200 C. are disregarded, then the remaining... 3. Nectar. Labels: rare, uncountable, usually 4. Something sweet or desirable. Labels: figuratively, uncountable, usually Example: O my love, my wife! / Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath / Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Example: the honey of his language 5. A term of affection. Labels: uncountable, usually Example: Honey, would you take out the trash? Example: Honey, I'm home. 6. A woman, especially an attractive one. Labels: countable, informal, usually Example: Man, there are some fine honeys here tonight! Example: It's hard on a fella, when he don't know his way around If I don't find me a honey to help me spend my money I'm gonna have to blow this town. 7. A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey. Labels: uncountable, usually 8. Precum; pre-ejaculate. Labels: uncountable, usually, vulgar
Word: honey Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare Saterland Frisian Hunich, West Frisian hunich, German Low German Honnig, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare North Frisian honning, hönning, West Frisian huning, Dutch honing, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk honning, Swedish honung, Faroese hunangur, Icelandic hunang), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks. Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja. Pronunciation: /ˈhʌni/, /ˈhʊni/, /ˈhʌne/ 1. Involving or resembling honey. Example: So work the honey-bees, / Creatures that by a rule in nature teach / The act of order to a peopled kingdom. Example: Dim as the forming of / Dew in the warming of / Moonlight, they light on the petals; / All is revealed to them; / All!—from the sunniest / Tips to the honiest / Heart, whence they yield to them / Spice, through the darkness that settles. 2. Of a pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like most types of honey. Example: Then I looked close at the scalp he stroked, which was of the silkiest blonde. For a moment I was sure it come from Olga’s dear head, and reckoned also he had little Gus’s fine skull-cover someplace among his filthy effects, the stinking old savage, living out his life of murder, rapine, and squalor, and I almost knifed him before I collected myself and realized the hair was honeyer than my Swedish wife’s. 3. Honey-sweet. Example: But he answered the question with the honiest—Bohemian honey—of smiles: […] Example: Mais il se ravisa et revint dire, de son air bonhomme : « Écoutez donc Lantier, j’ai besoin d’un homard…[…] »
Word: honey Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare Saterland Frisian Hunich, West Frisian hunich, German Low German Honnig, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare North Frisian honning, hönning, West Frisian huning, Dutch honing, Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk honning, Swedish honung, Faroese hunangur, Icelandic hunang), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks. Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja. Pronunciation: /ˈhʌni/, /ˈhʊni/, /ˈhʌne/ 1. To sweeten; to make agreeable. Labels: transitive 2. To add honey to. Labels: transitive 3. To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments. Labels: intransitive Example: Honeying and making love. 4. To be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn. Labels: intransitive Example: [O]ne / Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men / But honeying at the whisper of a lord; / And one the Master, as a rogue in grain / Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory.
Word: non Part of Speech: adv Pronunciation: /nɑn/, /nɒn/ 1. Obsolete form of none. Labels: alt-of, not-comparable, obsolete 2. Used to negate or invert the meaning of the following adjective. More properly written as the prefix non-. Labels: nonstandard, not-comparable
Word: non Part of Speech: noun Pronunciation: /nɑn/, /nɒn/ 1. A non-Muslim citizen. Labels: Malaysia, slang 2. A nonwhite person. Labels: slang Example: For nons to be eligible to apply to live in White countries they also must first go through a thousand years of purging their criminal elements
Word: bathroom Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- Proto-Germanic *baþą Proto-West Germanic *baþ Old English bæþ Middle English bath English bath Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-? Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH-der. Proto-Germanic *rūmą Proto-West Germanic *rūm Old English rūm Middle English roum English room English bathroom From bath + room. Compare Dutch badkamer (“bathroom”), German Badezimmer (“bathroom”), Swedish badrum (“bathroom”), Faroese baðrúm (“bathroom”). Pronunciation: /ˈbɑːθɹʊm/, /ˈbɑːθɹuːm/, /ˈbæθˌɹum/, /ˈbæθɹʊm/, /ˈbæθɹuːm/ 1. A room containing a shower or bathtub, and (typically but not necessarily) a toilet. Example: “down this ‘ere little stair–mind your ‘ead, mum–everythink is modern, put in by Mr. Noakes w’en ‘e took to lettin’ for the summer.” ”A bathroom?” asked Harriet hopefully. ”Well, no, m’lady, not a bath'''room,” replied Mrs. Ruddle, as though that were too much to expect, “but everythink else is quite modern as you’ll find–only requirin’ to be pumped up night and morning in the scullery.” Example: Although there was a cloakroom on the ground floor, the Old Rectory had only one bathroom, a defect which necessitated embarrassed, low-voiced enquiries before anyone upset their carefully worked-out rota by taking an unexpected bath. 2. A lavatory: a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub. Labels: Australia, Canada, Philippines, South-Africa, US, euphemistic Example: Most Americans don't know 'WC' and many Brits mock 'bathroom' but almost everyone understands 'toilet' or 'lavatory'.
Word: bathroom Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- Proto-Germanic *baþą Proto-West Germanic *baþ Old English bæþ Middle English bath English bath Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-? Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH-der. Proto-Germanic *rūmą Proto-West Germanic *rūm Old English rūm Middle English roum English room English bathroom From bath + room. Compare Dutch badkamer (“bathroom”), German Badezimmer (“bathroom”), Swedish badrum (“bathroom”), Faroese baðrúm (“bathroom”). Pronunciation: /ˈbɑːθɹʊm/, /ˈbɑːθɹuːm/, /ˈbæθˌɹum/, /ˈbæθɹʊm/, /ˈbæθɹuːm/ 1. To assist a patient with using the toilet and general personal hygiene. Labels: transitive
Word: rite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Via Middle English and Old French, from Latin ritus. Pronunciation: /ɹaɪt/ 1. A religious custom. 2. A prescribed behavior. Labels: broadly Example: It was the capable manager's long-established custom to escort Mrs Pridger to a theatre once a week, and Saturday evening had come to be the occasion of this rite. Example: But he had to perform the rites of hospitality, had to behave politely to his ally.
Word: rite Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Variation of right. Pronunciation: /ɹaɪt/ 1. Informal spelling of right. Labels: alt-of, informal, not-comparable Example: He's rite, you know.
Word: rite Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Variation of right. Pronunciation: /ɹaɪt/ 1. Informal spelling of right. Labels: alt-of, informal, not-comparable Example: It's rite next to my house. Example: 1970-1975, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure One of our cats has a bald spot on his hind & it looks like it was shaved rite off.
Word: rite Part of Speech: intj Etymology: Variation of right. Pronunciation: /ɹaɪt/ 1. Informal spelling of right. Labels: alt-of, informal Example: Rite, let's do it.
Word: rite Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Variation of right. Pronunciation: /ɹaɪt/ 1. Informal spelling of right. Labels: alt-of, informal
Word: car Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Acronym of contents of the address part of register number. Note that it was based on original hardware and has no meaning today. Pronunciation: /kɑː/, [kʰɑː], [kʰäɾ], /kɑɹ/, [kʰɑ̝͗ɹ] 1. The first part of a cons in Lisp. The first element of a list. Example: The elements of a list are the successive cars along the "cdr chain." That is, the elements are the car, the car of the cdr, the car of the cdr of the cdr, etc.
Word: wing Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English winge, wenge, from Old Norse vængr ("wing of a flying animal, wing of a building"; compare vængi (“ship's cabin”)), from Proto-Germanic *wēingijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”), thus related to wind. Cognate with Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Swedish vinge (“wing”), Elfdalian waingg (“wing”), Faroese vongur (“wing”), Icelandic vængur (“wing”), Norwegian Nynorsk veng (“wing”). Replaced native Middle English fither (from Old English fiþre, from Proto-Germanic *fiþriją), which merged with Middle English fether (from Old English feþer, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō). More at feather. Pronunciation: /wɪŋ/, /ˈwɪŋɡ/ 1. To injure slightly (as with a gunshot), especially in the wing or arm. Labels: transitive 2. To fly. Labels: intransitive Example: Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines. 3. To travel swiftly. Labels: intransitive Example: He had pulled up so expertly that the man escaped, so smoothly that not a passenger was jarred, and now he sat with a dazed and vacant expression on his face, leaning forward on his steering wheel, while caustic inquiry and retort winged unheeded up and down the line behind him. 4. To add a wing (extra part) to. Labels: transitive 5. To act or speak extemporaneously; to improvise; to wing it. Labels: transitive Example: I lost all my notes I'd made, so was partially winging the meeting. 6. To throw. Labels: transitive 7. To furnish with wings. Labels: transitive 8. To transport with, or as if with, wings; to bear in flight, or speedily. Labels: transitive Example: ⁠Deep folly! yet that this could be— ⁠That I could wing my will with might ⁠To leap the grades of life and light, And flash at once, my friend, to thee: […] 9. To traverse by flying. Labels: transitive
Word: cold Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Inherited from Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Cognates Cognate with Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”). Pronunciation: /kəʊld/, [kʰɔʊɫd], [kʰɒʊɫd], /kɔwld/, [kʰɔw(ɫ)d] 1. A condition of low temperature. Labels: uncountable Example: Come in, out of the cold. 2. A harsh place; a place of abandonment. Labels: countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: The former politician was left out in the cold after his friends deserted him. 3. A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever. Labels: countable Example: I caught a miserable cold and had to stay home for a week Example: Dr. Jon S. Abramson, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Wake Forest Medical School, has found no medical evidence to support feeding a cold and starving a fever. He is particularly offended by the latter part of the phrase. […] “Always feed both colds and fevers,” Abramson said. 4. Rheum; sleepy dust. Labels: slang, uncountable Example: Who the fuck is this, pagin' me at 5:46 in the morning? / crack of dawn and now I'm yawnin' / wipe the cold out my eye, see who's this pagin' me and why Example: But I remember this, moms would lick her finger tips / to wipe the cold out my eye before school with her spit
Word: cold Part of Speech: adv Etymology: Inherited from Middle English colde, from Old English calde, ċealde (“coldly”), from the adjective (see above). Pronunciation: /kəʊld/, [kʰɔʊɫd], [kʰɒʊɫd], /kɔwld/, [kʰɔw(ɫ)d] 1. At a low temperature. Example: The steel was processed cold. 2. Without preparation. Example: The speaker went in cold and floundered for a topic. Example: Two weeks after it closed, he started rehearsals for Cheer Up, a new play by Mary Roberts Rinehart booked into the Harris Theatre. It was to open cold without any out-of-town tryout under the direction of a young Cecil B. DeMille […] 3. In a cold, frank, or realistically honest manner. Labels: dated, informal, slang Example: Now Little Bo Peep cold lost her sheep / And Rip van Winkle fell the hell asleep
Word: hot Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English hot, hoot, from Old English hāt (“hot”), from Proto-West Germanic *hait, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz (“hot”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“to heat; to become hot”). Cognates Cognate with Yola hoat, hoate, hote (“hot”), West Frisian hjit, hyt (“hot”), Bavarian hoaß (“hot”), Central Franconian heeß (“hot”), Dutch heet (“hot”), German heiss, heiß, heyß (“hot”), Vilamovian haas, haes, hȧś, hǡs (“hot”), Yiddish הייס (heys, “hot”), Danish hed (“hot”), Faroese and Icelandic heitur (“hot”), Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish het (“hot”); also Lithuanian kaitra (“heat”). Related to heat. Superseded non-native Middle English chaud, from Old French chaut (“hot”); and early Modern English calent, from Latin calēns (“hot”). Pronunciation: /hɒt/, /hɔt/, /hɑt/, [hɔ̟t] ~ [hɞ̠t] 1. Hotly; at a high temperature. Example: Oak burns hot and lasts a long time. Its smoke is a medium to heavy flavor but not too overpowering. It leaves a buttersmooth, nutty finish. 2. Rapidly, quickly. Example: Whatever happened, braking into the next-to-last hairpin, a blue-sky turn called Cog Cut, Durelle went in too hot. Example: He went in hotter than he could have, the Cforce snugging him into the bucket seat. At the first switchback, there was already a hundred-foot drop-off […] 3. While shooting, while firing one's weapon(s). Example: to come in hot; to go in hot Example: We would pop over the riverbank and come down hot (shooting) on a designated target. […] We started rolling in hot with rockets, then suddenly we started taking fire from the […]
Word: hot Part of Speech: verb Etymology: From Middle English hot, hoot, from Old English hāt (“hot”), from Proto-West Germanic *hait, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz (“hot”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“to heat; to become hot”). Cognates Cognate with Yola hoat, hoate, hote (“hot”), West Frisian hjit, hyt (“hot”), Bavarian hoaß (“hot”), Central Franconian heeß (“hot”), Dutch heet (“hot”), German heiss, heiß, heyß (“hot”), Vilamovian haas, haes, hȧś, hǡs (“hot”), Yiddish הייס (heys, “hot”), Danish hed (“hot”), Faroese and Icelandic heitur (“hot”), Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish het (“hot”); also Lithuanian kaitra (“heat”). Related to heat. Superseded non-native Middle English chaud, from Old French chaut (“hot”); and early Modern English calent, from Latin calēns (“hot”). Pronunciation: /hɒt/, /hɔt/, /hɑt/, [hɔ̟t] ~ [hɞ̠t] 1. To heat; to make or become hot. 2. To become lively or exciting. Example: Turf war's hotting up.
Word: hot Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English hot, hoot, from Old English hāt (“hot”), from Proto-West Germanic *hait, from Proto-Germanic *haitaz (“hot”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“to heat; to become hot”). Cognates Cognate with Yola hoat, hoate, hote (“hot”), West Frisian hjit, hyt (“hot”), Bavarian hoaß (“hot”), Central Franconian heeß (“hot”), Dutch heet (“hot”), German heiss, heiß, heyß (“hot”), Vilamovian haas, haes, hȧś, hǡs (“hot”), Yiddish הייס (heys, “hot”), Danish hed (“hot”), Faroese and Icelandic heitur (“hot”), Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish het (“hot”); also Lithuanian kaitra (“heat”). Related to heat. Superseded non-native Middle English chaud, from Old French chaut (“hot”); and early Modern English calent, from Latin calēns (“hot”). Pronunciation: /hɒt/, /hɔt/, /hɑt/, [hɔ̟t] ~ [hɞ̠t] 1. A hot meal, usually in the phrase "three hots" (i.e. three hot meals per day) or derivations such as three hots and a cot.
Word: warm Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *warmaz Proto-West Germanic *warm Old English wearm Middle English warm English warm From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, from one of: * Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”), which is related to Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (warāni, “to burn”), Armenian վառել (vaṙel, “to burn, heat, warm”), Old Church Slavonic варити (variti, “to cook, boil”). * Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mo-s, from the root *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), in which case cognate with Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós) (making perhaps a distant doublet of thermos), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharmá). In any case cognate within Germanic to West Frisian waarm, Saterland Frisian woorm, Dutch warm, German warm, Swedish varm, Icelandic varmur. Pronunciation: /wɔːm/, /waːm/, /wɔɹm/ 1. Of a somewhat high temperature, often but not always connoting that the high temperature is pleasant rather than uncomfortable. Example: The tea is still warm. Example: This is a very warm room. 2. Friendly and with affection. Example: We have a warm friendship. 3. Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green. 4. Close to a goal or correct answer. Labels: informal Example: Earlier you were way off, but now you're getting warmer. Example: That was a further clue; and here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," as children say at blind-man's-buff, although, as a matter-of-fact, she had now been talking of George Miller at all. 5. Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced. 6. Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness. Labels: figuratively Example: a warm piano sound 7. Ardent, zealous. Labels: archaic Example: a warm debate, with strong words exchanged Example: Mirth, and youth, and warm desire! 8. Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; prosperous. Labels: dated, informal Example: You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him. Example: Mrs. and the Miss Cathcarts began to be considered as people of some consequence in the circle in which they moved, while he gradually obtained in the city the name of a warm man. 9. Requiring arduous effort. Labels: archaic Example: The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.
Word: warm Part of Speech: verb Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *warmaz Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *warmijaną Proto-West Germanic *warmijan Old English wierman Proto-West Germanic *warmōn Old English wearmian Middle English warmen English warm From Middle English warmen, wermen, wyrmen, from Old English wierman (“to make warm”) and wearmian (“to become warm”), from Proto-West Germanic *warmijan and *warmōn. Cognate with Dutch warmen, German wärmen, Swedish värma. Pronunciation: /wɔːm/, /waːm/, /wɔɹm/ 1. To make or keep warm. Labels: transitive Example: Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself. Example: enough to warm, but not enough to burn 2. To become warm, to heat up. Labels: intransitive Example: My socks are warming by the fire. Example: The earth soon warms on a clear summer day. 3. (sometimes in the form warm up) To favour increasingly. Labels: intransitive Example: Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected. Example: He is warming to the idea. 4. To cause (someone) to favour (something) increasingly. Labels: ditransitive Example: It is with no small degree of irony that I confess that immersing myself in an interdisciplinary project has warmed me to the seductions of disciplinary perspectives. 5. To become ardent or animated. Labels: intransitive Example: The speaker warms as he proceeds. 6. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven. Labels: transitive Example: 1717 November 20, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester there was a collection of all that had been written […] : I warmed my head with them. Example: Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed. 7. To give emotional warmth to a person. Labels: transitive Example: That is just the way God tells me this book is His Word. I read it, and it warms me and gives me light. 8. To beat or spank. Labels: colloquial, transitive Example: Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […] 9. To scold or abuse verbally. Labels: colloquial, transitive 10. To prepopulate (a cache) so that its contents are ready for other users. Labels: transitive 11. To send electronic mail from (a domain) to improve its reputation for mail sending. Labels: Internet, transitive
Word: warm Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *warmaz Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *warmijaną Proto-West Germanic *warmijan Old English wierman Proto-West Germanic *warmōn Old English wearmian Middle English warmen English warm From Middle English warmen, wermen, wyrmen, from Old English wierman (“to make warm”) and wearmian (“to become warm”), from Proto-West Germanic *warmijan and *warmōn. Cognate with Dutch warmen, German wärmen, Swedish värma. Pronunciation: /wɔːm/, /waːm/, /wɔɹm/ 1. The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating. Labels: colloquial Example: Shall I give your coffee a warm in the microwave? Example: Sit ye down before the fire , my dear , and have a warm
Word: temperature Part of Speech: noun Etymology: Borrowed from Latin temperātūra (cf. also French température), from the past participle stem of tempero (“to temper”). Pronunciation: /ˈtɛm.p(ə.)ɹə.t͡ʃə/, [ˈtʰɛm.pʰə.ɹət͡ʃə], [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹə.t͡ʃə], /ˈtem.p(ə.)ɹə.t͡ʃə/, [ˈtʰem.pʰə.ɹə.t͡ʃə] 1. A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: The boiling temperature of pure water is 100 degrees Celsius. Example: The temperature in the room dropped nearly 20 degrees; it went from hot to cold. 2. An elevated body temperature, as present in many illnesses; fever. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: You have a temperature. I think you should stay home today. You’re sick. Example: "Aren't you feeling so well this morning?" she asked him anxiously. "Do you think you've got a temperature?" 3. A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents. Labels: countable, uncountable Example: In consequence, macroscopic amounts of matter in thermal contact with one another tend to be at the same temperature, a fact of sufficient fundamental importance to merit belated designation as the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. 4. A parameter that controls the degree of randomness of the output. Labels: countable, uncountable 5. The general mood. Labels: colloquial, countable, figuratively, uncountable Example: But it is both easier and more accurate to take the industry's true temperature at small private gatherings like a conference organized by the Ziff Davis publishing company in northern California last week. Example: [Stephen] Miller's words did not seem designed to lower the temperature. 6. The state or condition of being tempered or moderated. Labels: countable, obsolete, uncountable 7. The balance of humours in the body, or one's character or outlook as considered determined from this; temperament. Labels: archaic, countable, uncountable Example: Our intemperence it is that pulls so many several incurable diseases on our heads, that hastens old age, perverts our temperature, and brings upon us sudden death. Example: […]that not only the production of a rational Being was concern'd in it, but that possibly the happy foundation and temperature of his body, perhaps his genius and the very cast of his mind […]
Word: lukewarm Part of Speech: adj Etymology: Etymology tree Middle English leuk Proto-Germanic *warmaz Proto-West Germanic *warm Old English wearm Middle English warm Middle English leukwarm English lukewarm From Middle English leukwarm, lukewarm (“lukewarm, tepid”), equivalent to luke (“lukewarm”) + warm. Compare Saterland Frisian luukwoarm (“lukewarm”), German Low German luukwarm (“lukewarm”); first element is related to Dutch leuk (“lukewarm”), as in leukwater (“lukewarm water”). Compare also West Frisian lijwarm (“lukewarm”), Afrikaans louwarm (“lukewarm”), German Low German lowarm, luwarm (“lukewarm”), German lauwarm (“lukewarm”). First element believed to be an alteration of Middle English lew (“tepid”) (> English dialectal lew), from Old English *hlēowe (“warm, sunny”), from Proto-Germanic *hliwjaz, *hlēwaz, *hlūmaz, *hleumaz (“warm”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱal(w)e-, *ḱel(w)e-, *k(')lēw- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Dutch lauw (“tepid”), German lau (“lukewarm”), Faroese lýggjur (“warm”), Swedish ljum (“lukewarm”), ljummen (“lukewarm”) and ly (“warm”), Danish lummer (“muggy”), Danish and Norwegian lunken (“tepid”), dialectal Swedish ljummen (“lukewarm”). Pronunciation: /ˌluːkˈwɔːm/, /ˌlukˈwɔɹm/, /ˈluk.wɔɹm/ 1. Between warm and cool. Example: Wash it in lukewarm water. Example: My curry is lukewarm. 2. Unenthusiastic (about a proposal or an idea). Example: The suggestion met with only a lukewarm response. Example: The skipper Mr. Cooke had hired at Far Harbor was a God-fearing man with a luke warm interest in his new billet and employer, and had only been prevailed upon to take charge of the yacht after the offer of an emolument equal to half a year's sea pay of an ensign in the navy.
Word: fresh Part of Speech: adj Etymology: From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersċ (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”). The verb is from Middle English freshen (“to freshen”), from the adjective. Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk frisk (“fresh”), Swedish frisk (“well, fresh”), Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian prėskas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian пре́сный (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco and frisk. Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore. Pronunciation: /fɹɛʃ/ 1. Newly produced or obtained; recent. Example: He followed the fresh hoofprints to find the deer. Example: I seem to make fresh mistakes every time I start writing. 2. Not dried, frozen, or spoiled. Example: After taking a beating in the boxing ring, the left side of his face looked like fresh meat. Example: I brought home from the market a nice bunch of fresh spinach leaves straight from the farm. 3. (of plant material) Still green and not dried. Example: With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…] 4. Invigoratingly cool and refreshing. Example: What a nice fresh breeze. Example: The corridor stinks of sweat and cigarette smoke, and I daringly open the window a little. The freshest air floats in, smelling of sappy grasses, the delicate pollens of wild flowers, the resins of the pine forests; hinting at the chill blue scent of distant snows. 5. Without salt; not saline. Example: After a day at sea it was good to feel the fresh water of the stream. Example: There we made our ſhip faſt with foure ropes, in ſmooth water, and the freſh water ranne downe out of the hill into the ſea, […] 6. Rested; not tired or fatigued. Example: Before the match, Hodgson had expressed the hope that his players would be fresh rather than rusty after an 18-day break from league commitments because of two successive postponements. 7. In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed. Example: a fresh hand on a ship 8. Youthful; florid. Example: these fresh nymphs 9. Good, fashionable. Labels: slang Example: a fresh pair of sneakers Example: I've been thinking about the way you walk Baby ooh I like the way you talk Tell you something I really can't hide Heaven must have sent you to be by my side Fresh and lovely fresh like a dream come true I'll give anything to spend the night with you 10. Tipsy; drunk. Labels: archaic, slang Example: How long did Mr. Crisp stay with you?—He might have stayed two hours; he stayed some time after; he drank ale and got fresh.
Word: fresh Part of Speech: adv Etymology: From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersċ (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”). The verb is from Middle English freshen (“to freshen”), from the adjective. Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk frisk (“fresh”), Swedish frisk (“well, fresh”), Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian prėskas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian пре́сный (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco and frisk. Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore. Pronunciation: /fɹɛʃ/ 1. Recently; just recently; most recently. Labels: not-comparable Example: We are fresh out of milk. Example: fresh-cooked salmon.
Word: fresh Part of Speech: noun Etymology: From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersċ (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”). The verb is from Middle English freshen (“to freshen”), from the adjective. Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk frisk (“fresh”), Swedish frisk (“well, fresh”), Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian prėskas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian пре́сный (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco and frisk. Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore. Pronunciation: /fɹɛʃ/ 1. A rush of water, along a river or onto the land; a flood. Example: They went on very well with their work until it was nigh done, when there came the second epistle to Noah's fresh, and away went their mill, shot, lock, and barrel. 2. A stream or spring of fresh water. Example: […]And take his bottle from him. / When that's gone, / He shall drink naught but brine, for I'll not show him / Where the quick freshes are. 3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Example: When they cross any great Water, or violent Fresh, or Torrent, they throw Tobacco, Puccoon, Peak, or some other valuable thing, that they happen to have about there, to intreat the Spirit presiding there, to grant them a safe passage. It is call'd a Fresh, when after very great Rains, or (as we suppose) after a great Thaw of the Snow and Ice lying upon the Mountains Page 43 to the North West, the Water descends, in such abundance into the Rivers, that they overflow the Banks which bound their Streams at other times.