Ali Fuat Cebesoy Ali Fuat Cebesoy ( September 1882 , Constantinople ( Istanbul ) – January 10 , 1968 , Istanbul ) was a Turkish officer , politician and statesman . Early life . Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanım . Ali Fuat is the grandson ( mother ' s side ) of Müşir Mehmet Ali Pasha ( Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit ) who was the commander of the Danube Army ( " Tuna Şark Ordusu " ) during Russo - Turkish war , participated in Congress of Berlin as one of three representatives of the Ottoman Empire and killed on September 7 , 1878 in Đakovica ( Kosovo ) by Albanian insurgent s who were not satisfied with results of Berlin Congress . Ali Fuat attended the War School ( 1902 ) and graduated from the Ottoman War College ( 1905 ) as a Staff Captain ( " Erkân - ı Harp Yüzbaşısı " ) . Military career . He was assigned to the 3rd Rifle Battalion ( " Üçüncü Nişancı Taburu " ) , the 28th Cavalry Regiment ( " Yirmi Sekizinci Süvari Alayı " ) based in Beirut under the command of Fifth Army based in Damascus and after to 15th Artillery Regiment ( " On Beşinci Topçu Alayı " ) based in Thessalonica under the command of Third Army as an intern . He joined the Committee of Union and Progress ( membership number was 191 ) . On June 28 , he was assigned to the staff officer of the Third Army . And then he was promoted to the rank of Senior Captain and appointed to the area commander of Karaferye ( present day : Veria ) . On January 9 , 1909 , he was appointed to the military attaché in Rome , Italy . On October 1 , 1911 , he was appointed to the chief of the 1st department ( chief of operations ) of the Western Army . On February 20 , he was temporarily appointed to the chief of staff of the I Corps , VII Corps . And then he was appointed to the commander of a detachment that was formed to liberate İpek ( present day : Peć ) and Yakova ( present day : Đakovica ) from insurgents . Balkan Wars . On June 24 , he was dispatched to Europe for the preparation to the transfer of arms and ammunition to Tripoli Vilayet . On September 29 , he was appointed to the chief of staff of the İşkodra Corps . And he participated in the Balkan Wars . He became the chief of staff of the Yanya Corps and on November 10 , he was appointed to the deputy commander of the 23rd Division ( " Yirmi Üçüncü Fırka " ) , replacing " Mirliva " Cevat Pasha . On December 12 , when the Greek offensive commanded by Konstantinos Sapountzakis was launched , he planned to retreat orderly but because soldiers got panic , his division was defeated . In the defense line of Bizani he was severely wounded in thigh but continued to direct artillery fire while on a stretcher . On March 6 , 1913 , he and his forces surrendered with following the instruction of Esad Pasha ( Battle of Bizani ) . And then he was transferred to a hospital in Kifissia , a suburb of Athens , to get medical treatment . World War . On January 15 , 1914 , he was appointed to the chief of staff of the VIII Corps . After Kress von Kressenstein was appointed the chief of staff of this corps , replacing Ali Fuat , he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel ( " Kaymakam " ) and on September 19 , he was appointed to the commander of the 25th Division . In January 1915 , he participated in First Suez Offensive . On January 7 , he and his division left Birüssebi ( present day : Beersheba ) for the desert and arrived at the front of the Suez Canal . But the Ottoman forces couldn ' t pass the canal and retreated . He and his division went back to Gaza on January 20 , 1915 . After the Gallipoli Campaign was launched , the 25th Division was dispatched to the Gallipoli Front on May 24 , 1915 and started to arrive there on June 2 , 1916 . His division entered to the order of the XVII Corps of the First Army and deployed in Bulair - Saros areas . On January 20 , 1916 , he was appointed to the commander of the 14th Division . At first his division was planned to be used in Second Suez Offensive and sent to Maallaha . But because of Russian offensive , his division entered to the command of the Seconde Army under the command of Ahmet İzzet Pasha , on June 27 , sent back from the Rayak station to Aleppo and dispatched to Diyârbekir . On September 30 to the commander of the 5th Division and in January he became the chief of staff of the Seconde Army . On January 12 , 1917 , he returned to the Sina - Palestine Front and in April he became the deputy commander of the Sina - Palestine Front . On June 30 , 1917 , he became the commander of the XX Corps . After the Armistice of Mudros was signed , he concurrently became the deputy commander of Seventh Army , replacing Mustafa Kemal . After the Seventh Army was abolished , he transferred the headquarters of XX Corps from Syria to Ereğli , then to Konya and to Ankara . War of Independence . Ali Fuat Pasha organized the resistance in Western Turkey against the Greek invasion and thus actually started the National Independence War . He contributed to the resistance forces against the Greek army that had begun to occupy Western Anatolia . He signed Amasya Protocol and at the end of the Sivas Congress in 1920 , he was appointed as the general commander of the National Forces by the Board of Representatives . The presence of him and his army in Ankara is the reason behind Atatürk ' s choice of this city as the center of Turkish War of Independence . The same year , he was elected as a deputy at the First Parliament . He was appointed ambassador to Moscow , Soviet Union in 1921 , as he had quarrels with Ismet Inonu , who was appointed by Atatürk as the Commander of the Western Front although Inonu had failed against Greek invasion at Kutahya - Altıntas in 1921 . By personally negotiating with Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin in Moscow , he signed the Treaty of Moscow ( 1921 ) along the lines of the Brest - Litovsk Peace Treaty as the representative of the Ankara government , which provided financial and military support from the Soviet Union to the Turkish Independence War , in exchange for the return of Batum back to Soviet Union . After finishing his duty as an ambassador , he was elected as the second spokesman of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey . Political life . After the declaration of the Republic , he became a deputy . In this new era of his political career , he joined the founders of the opposition party , the Progressive Republican Party , and he was elected as the general secretary of the party in 1924 . During the rebellion of Şeyh Sait , the Law on the Maintenance of Order was affected and the Progressive Republican Party was closed down . Ali Fuat Cebesoy was arrested with the accusations of participating in the attempt of assassination against Atatürk and was taken to İzmir . He was tried at the İzmir Independence Court and was acquitted in 1926 . He retired with the title of general . He stayed away from politics for four years between 1927 and 1931 ) . In 1931 , he returned to politics and elected as a deputy from Konya . He served as the deputy of Konya and Eskişehir until 1950 . He also served as Minister of Public Works from 1939 to 1943 , Minister of Transportation ( 1943 – 1946 ) and as the president of the Parliament in 1948 . He was an independent candidate of the Democratic Party from Eskişehir in the first democratic elections of the Turkish history held on May 14 , 1950 and he was elected with a landslide . In the following years , he was elected as a deputy from İstanbul and served in the parliament for ten more years between 1950 and 1960 . After the military coup on May 27 , 1960 , he was initially arrested by the junta with the rest of the Democratic Party MPs but later set free . After this experience he quit politics for good . In accordance with his will , he was buried to the backyard of a mosque near Geyve train station , where the first shots of the Turkish War of Independence were fired , when he died at the age of 86 . However , his remains were moved to the Turkish State Cemetery in Ankara , after the military coup of 1980 .