naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Nesbit Moor ( 1355 ) The Battle of Nesbit Moor was an engagement fought in August , 1355 between forces of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England . Background . Hostilities broke out in early 1355 , following the end of a truce , and breakdown of negotiations for the release of David II from English captivity . The English pre - emptively raided into Scotland , and burnt the lands of Patrick V , Earl of March . Raid at Norham . The Earl in retaliation , with William , Lord of Douglas , with their contingents , supplemented by a force of sixty French knights marched to the Merse in August . Douglas sent Sir William Ramsay of Dalhousie , and a force of men to despoliate and raid the country around Norham Castle , captained by Sir Thomas Grey of Heaton . Douglas ' ploy was to encourage Grey into an ambush . Ramsay called on Grey and his garrison to come out of the castle and fight them . Grey , suspicious of other marauding Scots forces , sent scouts to look for evidence of them , but kept behind the stout walls of the castle . Ramsay ' s men burnt the village , and drove off the chattels and beasts . The scouts returned with nothing to report and incensed at Ramsay ' s depredations , Grey with Lord Dacre led a force of men - at - arms , to give chase to the Scots and to recover their stolen gear and livestock . Battle . March and Douglas meanwhile had hidden themselves in woods to the south of Duns , Ramsay , knowing where they were abandoned the livestock , and rode north to inform the Earls of Grey ' s imminent arrival . Grey left the cattle to be collected later , pursued Ramsay , and led his men directly into the trap . Douglas and March ' s main force then cut off any chance of Grey ' s retreat , by moving their men between them and the border . As soon as Grey saw the Banners of March and Douglas , chivalric honour forbade him to escape , and battle was joined . The Englishmen rushed the Scots but soon the superior Scottish numbers began to tell . The Scots won the day and took many prisoners , including Dacre , Grey , and his newly knighted son Sir Thomas Grey , and losing very few of their own , excepting John Haliburton of Dirleton . Aftermath . The important English prisoners were taken away into captivity , whereas most of the common soldiery were bought by one of the French knights , and massacred in revenge for the death of his father by the English , giving rise to a local landmark known as " Slaughter Hill " . The garrison at Berwick on hearing of the fight marched on Norham expecting it to be under siege . March , Douglas and Thomas Stewart , 2nd Earl of Angus counter - attacked and laid siege to Berwick . Unable to take the Castle March ordered a massacre of English civilians in the town and set it ablaze . The Scots retreated following news af a large army advancing under Edward III of England , who then proceeded into Scotland and laid waste to Lothian , in an episode that would be remembered as the " Burnt Candlemas " .
Abraham Roberts General Sir Abraham Roberts GCB ( 11 April 1784 – 28 December 1873 ) was a British East India Company Army General who served nearly 50 years in India . Roberts had two sons , both who obtained the highest ranks in the British Army . One son and a grandson would win the Victoria Cross , the highest decoration for bravery in the face of the enemy in the British Army . Early life . Abraham Roberts was a member of a famous Waterford city family that contributed greatly to the city . He was the son of Anne Sandys and The Reverend John Roberts , a magistrate in County Waterford and a rector of Passage East . Career . General Sir Abraham Roberts gained the rank of Colonel in the service of the Honourable East India Company and was the commander of the 1st Bengal European Regiment and the Lahore Division . He fought in the First Afghan War . He was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB ) . He left India in 1853 to live in Ireland with his 2nd wife , who outlived him . He also had a house in Bristol , which is now open to the public , 23 Royal York Crescent , Bristol , Somerset BS8 - England . Family . He married Frances Isabella Ricketts , daughter of George Poyntz Ricketts , on 20 July 1820 . On the death of his first wife he married , Isabella Bunbury , daughter of Abraham Bunbury , on 2 August 1830 .
Fang Zhenwu Fang Zhenwu ( ) ( 1885 – December 1941 ) was a Chinese military officer in the early 20th century . Biography . Fang was born in 1885 in Shou County , Lu ' an , Anhui province , in the Empire of China . He took part in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and joined the revolutionary New Army in Shanghai . However , after the defeat of Sun Yat - sen in his revolt against Yuan Shikai , Fang went into exile in Japan , becoming a member of the Chinese Revolutionary Party . In 1918 , he returned to China per Sun ’ s orders as commander of a battalion in Sun ’ s rival government in Guangdong and in 1921 relocated to Shanghai as a member of the inner circle of the new Kuomintang government . However , the new Chinese government was soon rent with factionalism , and Fang sided with the northern Beiyang Government , and eventually served in the Fengtian clique army under Zhang Zongchang until 1925 , when he went over to the Nationalist army of General Feng Yuxiang . He rose to be commander of the 3rd Army , and later of the 4th Army Group , as well as commander of Jinan garrison before receiving the post of chairman of the government of Anhui province in 1929 . Due to his dissatisfaction with Chiang Kai - shek , he was detained and removed from office in October 1929 . Following the Japanese invasion of Jehol in February 1933 , Fang joined the Anti - Japanese National Salvation Movement . He organized the Movement ' s forces in China and led them north to confront the Japanese . On May 26 , Fang united with Feng Yuxiang at Zhangjiakou and organized the Chahar People ' s Anti - Japanese Army Alliance , being its commander of the North Route , fighting against Japanese in the east of Chahar province . The army had some success , capturing Duolun for a time from the Japanese and their collaborators . However , the Chahar People ’ s Anti - Japanese Army was eventually beaten back by the Imperial Japanese Army and dispersed by the forces of Chiang Kai - shek , who still wished to reach an agreement with Japan and make war on the Communist Party and its Red Army . Living in Guilin for a time , Fang had to move to Hong Kong in 1939 under threat by the Kuomintang . He left when the Japanese occupied Hong Kong in 1941 , but was assassinated by Kuomintang agents on his way back to Guangdong with crowds of refugees in December 1941 , near Zhongshan , in Guangdong province , China .
François Amable Ruffin François Amable Ruffin ( 31 August 1771 – 15 May 1811 ) was a General of division in Napoleon ' s First French Empire . He was mortally wounded while leading his troops against the British . Biography . Having been captain of a company of volunteers from Bolbec , he was named commander of the 7th Battalion of Seine - Inférieure on 20 September 1792 . He fought in the French Revolution and subsequently in the battles of the First French Empire , seeing action at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 and the Battle of Heilsberg in 1807 . His conduct at the Battle of Friedland in 1807 saw him given the title of " comte de l ' Empire " and promoted to General of Division ( " Général de division " ) , and he took command of Marshal Victor ' s I Corps . Ruffin joined the Peninsular War , leading I Corps into Spain in September 1808 . He served at Somosierra , Ucles , Medellin and Talavera , before commanding one of Victor ' s divisions at the Battle of Barrosa on 5 March 1811 . During the battle for the Barrosa Ridge , Ruffin was shot through the neck , causing him to be paralysed . He was captured by the British army and shipped to England . Although he appeared to be recovering from his wound , he suffered a relapse on the voyage and died aboard the transport " Gorgon " on 15 May . He was buried with full military honours at Portsmouth , and RUFFIN is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris .
East Indies Station The Commander - in - Chief , East Indies was a British Royal Navy admiral , and effectively the formation subordinate to him , from 1865 to 1941 . Even in official documents , the term East Indies Station was often used . From 1831 to 1865 the East Indies and the China Station were a single command known as the East Indies and China Station . The East Indies Station , established in 1865 , covered the Indian Ocean ( excluding the waters around the Dutch East Indies , South Africa and Australia ) and included the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea . These responsibilities did not imply territorial claims , but rather that the navy would actively protect Britain ' s trading interests . The East Indies Station had bases at Colombo , Trincomalee , Bombay , Basra and Aden . In response to increased Japan ese threats , the separate East Indies Station was merged with the China Station in December 1941 to form the Eastern Fleet . On 7 December 1941 cruisers on the station included the heavy cruiser s HMS " Cornwall " , HMS " Dorsetshire " , and HMS " Exeter " ; the light cruiser s HMS " Glasgow " , HMS " Danae " , HMS " Dauntless " , HMS " Durban " , HMS " Emerald " , and HMS " Enterprise " ( some sources also place the WWI - era heavy cruiser HMS " Hawkins " as being on station on that date , while others report her being under refit and repair in the U . K . between early November 1941 & May 1942 ) ; and six armed merchant cruiser s . Also assigned to the station was 814 Naval Air Squadron at China Bay , Ceylon , which unit was at that time equipped with Fairey Swordfish torpedo bomber s . Commanders - in - Chief . Commanders - in - Chief have included : Commander - in - Chief , East Indies : Commander - in - Chief , East Indies and China Station Commander - in - Chief , East Indies & Cape of Good Hope Station Commander - in - Chief , East Indies Station
20th Division ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army . Its call sign was the . History . The 20th Division and the 19th Division were raised on 24 December 1915 as a garrison force for Korea . After Japan ' s victory in the Russo - Japanese War , and subsequent occupation , and then annexation of Korea , the need was felt for a dedicated garrison force , raised from people with local knowledge . The 20th Division was stationed in central Korea , in what is now Yongsan - gu , Seoul and was responsible for the security of southern Korea . Although officially raised in 1915 , due to budgetary issues , the 20th Division existed only on paper until 1918 . After the Manchurian Incident , its strength was increased by the addition of the 29th Infantry Regiment . In 1931 , the 20th Division was stationed in the Liaodong Peninsula at Jinzhou . In 1937 it was present at the Marco Polo Bridge Incident . However , in July 1937 , without having seen any combat , it was withdrawn back to Keijo . In September , 1942 , its 77th Infantry Regiment was elevated into the 30th Division . From 1943 , the remainder of the 20th Infantry Division was transferred to the Japanese Eighteenth Army in the Southern Area Command ( New Guinea ) . Of the approximately 25 , 000 men dispatched , only 1 , 711 survived the war . More men died in New Guinea from malaria and malnutrition than from combat with the Americans or Australians . Organization . The original order of battle for the 20th Division included : As of July 1937 , the 20th Division was a ( Square Division ) commanded by Lieutenant - General Bunsaburo Kawakishi : IJA 20th Division
George Erskine General Sir George Watkin Eben James Erskine GCB , KBE , DSO ( 23 August 1899 – 29 August 1965 ) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War . Background . Erskine was the son of Major - General George Elphinstone Erskine by his second wife Eva Constance Sarah , daughter of Canon Ebenezer Wood Edwards . He was a descendant of the noted 18th century jurist John Erskine of Carnock . Military career . Erskine was commissioned into the King ' s Royal Rifle Corps . He served during World War I in France and Belgium . During the 1930s he served in India but returned to Britain in 1937 to become Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General at Eastern Command . In 1939 he became a General Staff Officer for 1st London Division of the Territorial Army . In 1941 he was appointed Commander of 2nd Bn King ' s Royal Rifle Corps who were then part of 69th Infantry Brigade and deployed to North Africa where he earned his DSO in 1942 . He was then appointed General Officer Commanding ( GOC ) , 7th Armoured Division and served in North Africa , Italy and Normandy between 1943 and 1944 . During the Battle of Normandy , however , Second Army commander Miles Dempsey was unimpressed with 7th Armoured Division ' s performance and VIII Corps commander , Richard O ' Connor , considered his direction of the division during Operation Goodwood as excessively cautious . Shortly afterwards , in the difficult bocage country during Operation Bluecoat , the division failed to gain its objectives and Erskine was replaced . In spite of his indifferent performance as a field commander Erskine had qualities which suited him to other roles so that this episode proved only a temporary setback to his career . He became Head of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force Mission to Belgium in 1944 and then GOC of 43rd Wessex Division in 1945 . After the war Erskine was Commander of British Forces in Hong Kong in 1946 , Director General of the Territorial Army in 1948 to 1949 and GOC British Troops , Egypt and Mediterranean Command in 1949 . Returning to the United Kingdom , he became GOC - in - Chief , Eastern Command in 1952 . In 1953 he was appointed GOC - in - Chief , East Africa Command where he was responsible for managing the response to the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya and led Operation Anvil in Nairobi in April 1954 . He was GOC - in - Chief , Southern Command from 1955 to 1958 when he retired . He was an ADC General to the Queen from 1955 to 1965 . Erskine was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( KBE ) in 1950 , a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( KCB ) in 1952 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB in 1955 . From 1958 to 1963 he was Lieutenant Governor and Commander - in - Chief of Jersey . Family . Erskine married Ruby de la Rue , daughter of Sir Evelyn de la Rue , 2nd Baronet , in 1930 . They had two sons and one daughter . References .
USS LST - 70 USS " LST - 70 " was an in the United States Navy . Like many of her class , she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation . " LST - 70 " was manned by a United States Coast Guard crew throughout the war . " LST - 70 " was laid down on 13 November 1942 at Jeffersonville , Indiana , by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Co . ; launched on 8 February 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . George R . Bickel ; and commissioned on 28 May 1943 . Service history . During World War II " LST - 70 " was assigned to the Asiatic - Pacific theater and participated in the occupation and defense of Cape Torokina in November 1943 , the Green Islands landing in February 1944 , the capture and occupation of Guam in July 1944 . " LST - 70 " participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima in February 1945 . In the documentary film " To the Shores of Iwo Jima " , one of the LCVP s belonging to " LST - 70 " can be seen going ashore at the Battle of Iwo Jima . The boat has " PRESS " painted on the side of it , and was presumably bringing photographers and reporters ashore . " LST - 70 " also participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April and May 1945 . Following the war , " LST - 70 " performed occupation duty in the Far East in October and November 1945 . She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 1 April 1946 , and struck from the Naval Register on 1 May 1946 . She was sold for scrapping on 1 July 1946 to Arctic Circle Exploration , Inc . , of Seattle , Washington . " LST - 70 " earned five battle star s for World War II service .
Bror Munck ( born 1857 ) Bror Olivier Claës Munck , friherre Munck af Fulkila ( Jönköping , Sweden , 1857 – Stockholm , Sweden , 1935 ) was an officer of the Swedish Army , eventually attaining the rank of lieutenant - general . Biography . He was the son of Carl Munck and Henriette Cederström . He became an officer in the Swedish Army in 1877 and was appointed ryttmästare of Smålands husarregemente in 1897 . By 1904 he had been promoted to major at Skånska dragonregementet and in 1906 he became lieutenant - colonel and was in charge of Livregementets dragoner . He was promoted again two years later to colonel and took command of Kronprinsens husarregemente where he stayed from 1910 to 1913 . He spent the next two years as executive officer at Livgardet till häst where he was promoted to major - general at the end of his stay . From 1915 to 1917 he was Inspector of the Cavalry . His last position was as commanding officer for III . fördelningen ( 3rd division ) in Skövde , a position he held from 1917 to 1922 when he was discharged and at the same time was promoted to lieutenant - general . He then became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences . Private life . He married Ebba De Geer in 1886 .
Thirty - Fourth Army ( Japan ) The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final stages of World War II . History . The IJA 34th Army was formed in Hopei province , in Japanese - occupied China on 3 July 1944 from the , a force created out of reserve elements of the IJA 11th Army to protect Japanese rear lines when the IJA 11th Army moved south to participate in the Battle of Guilin – Liuzhou during Operation Ichi - Go . Afterwards , it was transferred to the operational control of the Japanese Sixth Area Army , and continued in its role as a garrison force for Wuhan and the surrounding region . In March 1945 , it participated in counter - insurgency operations with the IJA 12th Army and in June was transferred to the operational control of the Kwantung Army . The following month , it completed a transfer from China to Hamhung , in northern Korea , where it was assigned border patrol during against possible incursions by the Soviet Union into Korea and part of southern Manchukuo . It was overrun by the Soviet Red Army during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria at the end of World War II .
27th Division ( United Kingdom ) The British 27th Division was a First World War regular army infantry division formed in late 1914 by combining various units that had been acting as garrison s about the British Empire . The division spent most of 1915 on the Western Front in France before moving to Salonika where it remained with the British Salonika Army for the duration of the war . In 1916 its commander Hurdis Ravenshaw was captured by an Austrian submarine whilst sailing to England . In 1918 in Salonika the division took part in the Battle of Doiran . Units . The following battalions also served with the brigade for periods in 1915 : The brigade joined the division in May 1915 from the 6th Division before joining the 2nd Division in August .
Siegfried Thomaschki Siegfried Paul Leonhard Thomaschki ( 20 March 1894 – 31 May 1967 ) was a German general who commanded the 11 . Infanterie Division during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Siegfried Thomaschki was captured by Soviet troops on 8 May 1945 in the Courland Pocket , he was held until 1955 . Siegfried Thomaschki was the third child of Paul Thomaschki , an East Prussia n theologian , and his wife Elisabeth , née Schucht . Like his father he was a member of Corps Masovia Königsberg .
Zhang Lexing Zhang Lexing ( 張樂行 , 1810 – 1863 ) was a guerrilla leader during the Nien Rebellion in China . Zhang was originally a landlord and a member of a powerful lineage involved in salt - smuggling . In 1852 he was chosen to lead the Nien , and in 1856 was bestowed with the title " Lord of the Alliance " when the Nien organised themselves under a banner system inspired by the Eight Banners of the ruling Qing Dynasty . Zhang also at this time claimed the title of " Great Han Prince with the Mandate of Heaven " . In 1863 he was defeated and captured along with his son and adopted son by Mongol cavalry general Sengge Rinchen . Prior to being executed , he confessed that he could no longer remember how many places he had plundered ; he also claimed to not know the whereabouts of his wife , who had been chased off by government troops , or his brother Zhang Minxing , who had left for the southwest along with several thousand men , and that other Nien leaders had already been killed . Despite the apparent loss of leadership , the Nien rebellion would continue for another five years , with Sengge Richen being killed in a Nien ambush only two years after Zhang ' s death .
4730th Air Defense Group The 4730th Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the New York Air Defense Sector at McGuire Air Force Base , New Jersey , where it was discontinued in 1959 . The group was formed to provide a single command and support organization for the two fighter interceptor squadrons of Air Defense Command ( ADC ) , that were tenants at McGuire , a Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) base . It was also assigned a maintenance squadron to perform aircraft maintenance . It was discontinued when the 332d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron moved in 1959 , leaving only a single fighter squadron at McGuire . History . The group was established to provide a headquarters for Air Defense Command ( ADC ) Fighter - Interceptor Squadrons ( FIS ) stationed at McGuire AFB , a Military Air Transport Service base , and whose 1611th Air Base Group acted as host base organization . Assigned the 332d FIS and 539th FIS , flying radar equipped and rocket armed F - 86 Sabre aircraft , some of which were equipped with data link for interception control through the Semi - Automatic Ground Environment system as its operational components to train and maintain tactical flying units to defend the Mid - Atlantic United States . These squadrons were already stationed at McGuire and had been assigned to the New York Air Defense Sector . Maintenance for the two squadrons was combined in the 601st Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron ( CAMS ) , which was activated at McGuire . The 332d FIS converted to F - 102 Delta Dagger aircraft in July 1957 , while the 539th FIS retained its F - 86s until the Spring of 1959 , when it converted to F - 106 Delta Dart s . The group was discontinued shortly after the 332d FIS departed for Louisiana , leaving only a single operational ADC squadron at McGuire . The 601st CAMS was also inactivated , while the 539th FIS was then assigned directly to the New York Air Defense Sector . Lineage . Assignments Components Stations References . Bibliography . Further Reading