naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Balkhash Radar Station Balkhash Radar Station ( also described as Sary Shagan radar node and Balkhash - 9 ) is the site of two generations of Soviet and Russia n early warning radar s . It is located on the west coast of Lake Balkhash near Sary Shagan test site in Kazakhstan . Although it is used for monitoring satellites in low Earth orbit it is mainly a key part of the Russian system of warning against missile attack . It provides coverage of western and central China , India , Pakistan and submarine missile launches in the Bay of Bengal . There have been six radars at this site , although only one is operational in 2012 , and it is run by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces . The military town for the station is called Balkhash - 9 ( ) . The station is east of the village of Gulshat in Karagandy Province and north east of Priozersk , the main town for Sary Shagan . Space surveillance . Balkhash was founded as OS - 2 , a space surveillance site with four Dnestr ( NATO codename " Hen House " ) radar stations , which were started in 1964 and tested in 1968 . It could detect satellites at an altitude of up to . The prototype Dnestr radar , TsSO - P , was built nearby on the Sary Shagan test site . In 1967 - 8 a Dnepr early warning radar was started adjacent to the 4 Dnestr radars and it was commissioned in the early 1970s . The Dnepr radar is the only functioning radar on the site . Second generation Daryal radar . Balkhash had a Daryal - U radar ( NATO codename " Pechora " ) , a bistatic phased - array early warning radar consisting of two separate large phased - array antennas apart . The transmitter array was and the receiver was in size . The system is a VHF system operating at a wavelength of 1 . 5 to 2 meters ( 150 to 200 MHz ) . The claimed range of a Daryal installation is . Originally , at least seven Daryal facilities were planned , however , only the first two facilities completed , Pechora and Gabala , were ever operational . Two Daryal - U type were to be built at Balkhash and Mishelevka , Irkutsk , neither were completed before the collapse of the Soviet Union . The Balkhash Daryal started in 1982 . Some testing started in 1991 and then stopped in 1994 . In 2002 the never operational radar transferred to Kazakhstan who were left with the responsibility to demolish it . The radar was heavily looted and the receiver building ( " building no . 2 " ) burnt down in September 2004 . It further collapsed whilst being looted in January 2010 , killing one . The Daryal contained organic pollutant polychlorinated biphenyl in its capacitors . The Kazakh government allocated US $ 7 million to dispose of these and former Kazakh environment minister Nurlan Iskakov was convicted of embezzlement and sentenced to four years in prison relating to this money in 2009 .
HMS Herald ( 1806 ) HMS " Herald " was an 18 - gun ship - sloop of the " Cormorant " class in the Royal Navy , launched in 1806 at Littlehampton . In 1810 she was reclassed as a 20 - gun sixth rate ship ( but without being re - armed ) , and again re - rated as 24 guns in 1817 , just before she was broken up . Adriatic . " Herald " was commissioned in March 1806 under Captain G . M . Hony . On 18 May 1807 he sailed her to the Mediterranean , where he proceeded to cruise off Corfu in the early stages of the Adriatic campaign . " Herald " attacked French shipping off the island and later in the year cruised off the Dardanelles before returning to the Adriatic off Otranto , attacking a number of coastal merchant vessels with success . On 25 October 1807 , " Herald " was off Otranto when she found an armed " trabaccolo " anchored under the fortress . Despite resistance , " Herald ' s " boats cut out the vessel , which turned out to be the French privateer " César " , armed with four 6 - pounders . " César " was sailing from Ancona to Corfu with a cargo of rice and flour . All but four of the crew escaped . " Herald " suffered four men wounded . In January 1808 Commander George Jackson took command . " Herald " operated off the Italian coasts , capturing or destroying numerous French and Italian merchant ships during the year . In August 1810 " Herald " was re - rated as a 20 - gun post ship , though Jackson did not receive his promotion until one year later , in August 1811 . In the meantime , on 9 May 1811 , boats from " Herald " and cut out four coasting vessels from the town of Monastarrachi . War of 1812 . On 4 July 1812 , Jackson sailed " Herald " for Jamaica . There she captured the American ship " Venus " on 17 December . In May 1813 Captain Clement Milward took command of " Herald " off Halifax , Nova Scotia . Operating off the American coast during the War of 1812 , " Herald " captured one English , one French and four American vessels during 1813 , all of which she sent to Nassau , New Providence . On 14 January 1814 , " Herald " captured the American ship " Adolphus " , and shared the prize money , by agreement , with and . At the end of 1814 , " Herald " was at the Battle of New Orleans . First , she was among the vessels sharing in the proceeds of the capture of five American gunboats at the Battle of Lake Borgne . The British took the five gunboats into service under the names " Ambush " , " Firebrand " , " Destruction " , " Harlequin " , and " Eagle " . Then , with , " Aetna " , " Meteor " , " Thistle " and " Pygmy " , " Herald " went up the Mississippi River to create a diversion . In accordance with Cochrane ' s orders , " Herald " was moored off Prospect Bluff , and embarked troops of the 5th Battalion of the West India Regiment on 5 April 1815 , arriving in Jamaica on 10 May . " Herald " accompanied a convoy , arriving in Portsmouth on 25 September . Fate . On 9 September 1817 , " Herald " was broken up at Chatham Naval Dockyard .
Russell Bannock Russell " Russ " Bannock OOnt , DSO , DFC * , ( born November 1 , 1919 ) was a Second World War ace and chief test pilot for de Havilland Canada , Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Early years . Bannock was born in Edmonton in 1919 , and worked as a commercial pilot before the Second World War , obtaining his private pilot ' s license in 1938 and his commercial pilot ' s license in 1939 . Second World War . After entering the Royal Canadian Air Force , he received his pilot ' s wings in 1940 and was appointed as an instructor at Trenton , Ontario . Later he was posted to Royal Air Force Ferry Command from June to August 1942 . In September 1942 , Bannock became chief instructor with the Flying Instructor School at Arnprior in Ontario . Bannock ' s request for overseas service was granted in 1944 and he joined 60 OTU based in High Ercall , England . In June 1944 , Bannock was then transferred to No . 418 Squadron RCAF , flying intruder missions over Europe with the de Havilland Mosquito Mk VI fighter - bomber . He quickly proved adept at this type of operation and achieved his first victories . In October 1944 , he was promoted to Wing Commander and took command of the squadron . Bannock also flew ' Diver ' operations against the German V - 1 " flying bombs " launched against London and southern England . On one mission he shot down four V - 1s in one hour . A bar to his Distinguished Flying Cross was added for his missions against the V - 1s . Bannock was transferred to No . 406 Squadron RCAF in November 1944 as commanding officer , and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . By April 1945 , Bannock had destroyed 11 enemy aircraft ( including 2 on the ground ) , 4 damaged in the air and 19 . 5 V - 1 ' s destroyed . Bannock became Director of Operations , RCAF Overseas Headquarters , in London in May 1945 until September 1945 when he attended the Royal Air Force Staff College . Post - Second World War . Retiring from the RCAF in 1946 , he joined the de Havilland Canada Aircraft Company as chief test pilot , flying prototypes like the Beaver and various short take - off and landing aircraft . In 1950 Bannock became Director of Military Sales and later Vice President and President from 1976 to 1978 . . In 1968 he formed his own consulting business , Bannock Aerospace Ltd . In 1956 , Bannock was appointed an associate fellow of the Canadian Aeronautical Institute . He was also chairman of the Canadian Aerospace Industries Association ’ s Export Committee 1964 - - - 1968 , and was a director from 1976 - 1977 . Bannock was also President of the Canadian Fighter Pilots Association , Director of the Canadian Industrial Preparedness Association , and the Canadian Exporters Association . In the late 1990s , his wartime navigator , Robert Bruce , recorded his Symphony in B flat , dedicated to Bannock and in part inspired by the night sorties they flew together . In 2011 , he was made a member of the Order of Ontario " for his contributions to the aerospace industry " .
Fort Banks Mortar Battery Fort Banks Mortar Battery is a historic mortar battery on Kennedy Drive in Winthrop , Massachusetts that was part of the old Fort Banks . It was originally built in 1892 and named for the Civil War general and congressman Nathaniel P . Banks It consisted of four concrete pits , arranged in a square , each of which had four 12 inch ( 300mm ) diameter mortars which could throw an 800 pound ( 350 kg ) shell 9 miles ( 14 km ) to sea . The combination was known as an Abbott Quad . Because a mortar throws a shell in a very high arc , they could be mounted in pits , invisible to the ship which was the target , and therefore very hard for an attacker to silence . The powder charge , which was a bag loaded separately from the shell , weighed 65 pounds ( 30 kg ) . There was a serious accident on the site on October 15 , 1904 , when , during practice , a charge went off without the breech of the mortar being fully closed . Four men were killed and nine others were seriously injured . Later , anti - aircraft guns were added and the Fort became the base for the Army ' s 9th Artillery Regiment . It also had a 250 - bed hospital . In the 1950s Nike anti - aircraft rockets were based on the site . Of the four pits , only one , Mortar Pit B , remains , together with two underground bunkers leading off the pit . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 . It is currently located in the middle of a residential neighborhood .
39th Division ( German Empire ) The 39th Division ( " 39 . Division " ) was a unit of the Prussia n / German Army . It was formed on April 1 , 1899 , and was headquartered in Colmar ( now in France ) . The division was subordinated in peacetime initially to the XIV Army Corps ( " XIV . Armeekorps " ) and then to the XV Army Corps ( " XV . Armeekorps " ) . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Recruitment . The division was a mixed unit : its Prussian elements , although designated Upper Alsatian , were mainly raised in the more densely - populated Rhine Province and the Province of Westphalia , as the Alsatian German population was insufficient to support all the units stationed there . The 126th Infantry Regiment was from the Kingdom of Württemberg . The 66th Field Artillery was from the Grand Duchy of Baden . The 14th Jäger Battalion , attached on mobilization from the XIV Army Corps , was from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Schwerin . Combat chronicle . The division began World War I fighting in the Battle of the Frontiers , and then fought in the Race to the Sea , culminating in the Battle of the Yser . The division remained on the Yser front until January 1916 , when it was transferred to the vicinity of Verdun . It then fought in the Battle of Verdun and also saw action in the later phases of the Battle of the Somme . It spent the first half of 1917 in the trenches of the Champagne and served in the Second Battle of the Aisne , also known as the Third Battle of Champagne ( and to the Germans as the Double Battle Aisne - Champagne ) . It then moved to Flanders and saw action in the Battle of Passchendaele . In 1918 , it fought in the German Spring Offensive and remained in the Flanders region during the subsequent Allied offensives . Allied intelligence rated the division as second class . Pre - World War I organization . The organization of the 39th Division in 1914 , shortly before the outbreak of World War I , was as follows : Order of battle on mobilization . On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I , most divisional cavalry , including brigade headquarters , was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters . The 39th Division was redesignated the 39th Infantry Division . Its initial wartime organization was as follows : Late World War I organization . Divisions underwent many changes during the war , with regiments moving from division to division , and some being destroyed and rebuilt . During the war , most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments ( a " square division " ) . An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters , the cavalry was further reduced , the engineer contingent was increased , and a divisional signals command was created . The 39th Infantry Division ' s order of battle on February 20 , 1918 was as follows :
Battle of Châlons ( 274 ) The Battle of Châlons was fought in 274 between Roman Emperor Aurelian and Emperor Tetricus I of the Gallic Empire . Fought in what is now Châlons - en - Champagne , France , it was the battle that marked the end of the independent Gallic Empire , and its unification back to the Roman Empire , after thirteen years of separation . Aurelian , having subdued revolts in the eastern Roman Empire , began preparing to reconquer the Gallic Empire by early 274 . Meanwhile , Tetricus ' hold on his domain was steadily weakening , facing continuous raids from German tribes and internal troubles with the rebellion of Faustinus , a provincial governor . Tetricus ordered his troops to leave the Rhine and march southward , where they met the Roman army in the Catalunian fields of Châlons - sur - Marne . Aurelian ' s army was better trained and well commanded , and when Tetricus was captured in the midst of the fighting , the Rhine army disintegrated and was torn apart by Aurelian ' s troops . The battle was remembered for years for its high death toll . Historians dispute whether Tetricus truly intended to fight at Châlons . Some older accounts portray Tetricus as unhappy with his position as Gallic emperor . According to these accounts , Tetricus deliberately positioned his troops so they could easily be defeated , having previously sent Aurelian a letter , imploring with the words of Virgil , " rescue me undefeated from these troubles . " Tetricus would then surrender during the battle . However , historians from recent times have disagreed , deeming the story of Tetricus ' betrayal as a propaganda made up by Aurelian . Logically , Aurelian could have prevented many casualties to his army by simply having Tetricus surrender before the battle even started . Aurelian badly needed troops from Tetricus ' army to secure the Rhine from the Germanic tribes , but instead the battle of Châlons nearly destroyed the Rhine army . The costly battle made it much harder for Aurelian to defend the Rhine area . In the years to come , Alamans and Franks invaded the Rhineland , taking forts and destroying cities . In the aftermath of the Battle of Châlons , Tetricus and his son were taken to Rome and paraded in a triumph . Tetricus was spared further punishment ; instead , Aurelian made him a Roman administrator , a " corrector Lucaniae " , overseeing part of Italy .
Stephen Soldz Stephen Soldz ( born 19 November 1952 ) is a psychoanalyst , clinical psychologist , professor , and anti - war activist . Soldz is director of the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis . He has received media attention as a vocal critic regarding allegations of the use of psychological torture by the U . S . government in its conduct of the War in Iraq and the War on Terror . In August 2007 , Soldz publicly challenged the American Psychological Association to ban the involvement by professional psychologist s in the interrogation of ' enemy combatant ' prisoner s held by the CIA and Defense Department . < br > Soldz , in an interview with the " San Francisco Chronicle " , publicly accused psychologists attached to the U . S . military base at Guantanamo Bay of developing and applying torture techniques on detainees while advising interrogators on the levels of abuse that detainees could withstand . In November 2007 , Soldz coauthored an article on psychological torture at Guantanamo Bay with Julian Assange , published via WikiLeaks . The American Psychological Association did not pass the ban advocated by Soldz , but instead issued a resolution stating its opposition to torture and restricting its members from participating in interrogations that involved practices that could be defined as torture . Additionally , Soldz , in his role as the publisher of the " Iraq Occupation and Resistance Report " web site , has written for Znet website questioning the accuracy in reporting the number of Iraqi civilian deaths since the March 2003 invasion and has challenged claims that the al - Jazeera television network was supportive of Saddam Hussein . He has also written opinion columns on the Iraq war for the Daily Kos web site . Outside of politics , Soldz and Leigh McCullough co - edited the 1999 book " Reconciling Empirical Knowledge and Clinical Experience : The Art and Science of Psychotherapy " , published by the American Psychological Association . Also in 1999 , Soldz and George E . Vaillant published their article " The Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course : A 45 - Year Longitudinal Study " in the " ' Journal of Research in Personality " . The journal ’ s editors later named the Soldz - Vaillant article as the publication ' s most important paper for that year .
Ian Garnett Admiral Sir Ian David Graham Garnett KCB ( born 27 September 1944 ) is a retired Royal Navy officer . From 2005 to 2008 he was the Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies . Early life . Born in Surrey , England , he was the son of Capt Ian Garnett , of the Royal Navy . He attended the independent Canford School near Wimborne Minster , Dorset . He then went to the Royal Naval College , Dartmouth . Career . Admiral Ian Garnett joined the Royal Navy in 1962 . He served in HM Ships " London " , " Beachampton " and the Royal Yacht " Britannia " . Later he joined 814 Squadron onboard HMS " Hermes " . He then served on exchange with the Royal Australian Navy on board HMAS " Melbourne " before flying Sea King helicopters in HM Ships " Tiger " and " Blake " and then became Operations Officer in HMS " Naiad " . In 1978 he became the Deputy Director ( RN ) of the Joint Maritime Operations Training School and then took command of HMS " Amazon " , a Type 21 Frigate . In 1983 he became Assistant Director ( Ships ) in the Operational Requirements Division of the Ministry of Defence . He then commanded HMS " Active " , and then moved on to lead the Royal Navy Presentation Team from 1988 . In 1989 he became Captain Naval Operational Command Systems and then Director of Operational Requirements ( Sea Systems ) . In 1993 he was made Flag Officer Naval Aviation and in 1995 he became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic for NATO . In February 1999 he was appointed Chief of Joint Operations at the Permanent Joint Headquarters and in September 2001 he became Chief of Staff at SHAPE . Retirement . He retired from the Royal Navy in December 2004 , and from 5 January 2005 until 4 January 2008 was Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies . He was appointed Chairman of Chatham Historic Dockyard in 2005 . He is currently chairman of the Royal Navy Club of 1765 & 1785 ( United 1889 ) . He is currently President of the Type 21 Club Association of RN Amazon Class Frigates 1971 - 1994 .
Wound Chevron A Wound Chevron was a badge of the United States Army which was authorized for wear on an Army uniform between the years of 1918 and 1932 . The Wound Chevron was displayed on the lower right cuff of a military uniform , and denoted wounds which were received in combat against an enemy force . The Wound Chevron was a replacement insignia for the short lived Army Wound Ribbon . In 1932 , with the creation of the Purple Heart , Wound Chevrons were no longer awarded to Army personnel . A directive of the United States War Department permitted soldiers to exchange wound chevrons for the new Purple Heart medal . This was not required , however , and some Army personnel elected to retain wound chevrons for wear on the military uniform instead of the Purple Heart . For those who were subsequently wounded in the Second World War , both the original wound chevrons and the Purple Heart medal were worn simultaneously . It is historically agreed that Army regulations did not permit wearing both the Purple Heart and the Wound Chevron at the same time ; however , photographic evidence indicates that this was often done by veterans of both the First World War and Second World War . In the modern military , the Wound Chevron is considered obsolete . The decoration is very similar to the Overseas Chevron , which in World War I was worn on the left sleeve .
HMS Actaeon ( 1831 ) HMS " Actaeon " was a 26 - gun sixth - rate frigate of the Royal Navy . Career . " Actaeon " was designed in 1827 by the School of Naval Architecture , and launched from Portsmouth Dockyard on 31 January 1831 . She was first commissioned in November 1830 under Captain Frederick William Grey for service in the Mediterranean , followed by service off South America from November 1834 under Captain Lord Edward Russell where she was involved in the chartering of the Acteon Group : a group of islands named by Russell after this vessel . By 1838 she was back in Portsmouth under the command of Robert Russell , who sailed her back to South America in August that year . " Actaeon " was back in Britain , this time at Plymouth in 1844 , before departing for the African coast in December 1844 under Captain George Mansel . Whilst serving on this post , she captured the slaver s " Astrea " and " Theresa " on 9 September 1847 . She was paid off at Portsmouth in 1848 , but was recommissioned again in 1857 to serve as a survey vessel off " the coast of China and Tartary " , under the command of Captain William Thornton Bate . She was then present at the bombardment of Canton in 1857 , during the Second Opium War , where Bate was shot and killed on 29 December . He was replaced by Robert Jenkins on 30 December , and then by John Ward on 1 March 1858 . Ward carried out surveys for further military operations in August 1859 , before returning to Britain . Actaeon was at Shanghai on the night of Sunday , 7 April 1861 for the British census . Actaeon Sound in the Queen Charlotte Strait region of British Columbia , Canada , was named for the " Actaeon " in 1865 . " Actaeon " was then out of commission at Portsmouth in 1866 , becoming a hospital ship . She was hulked in 1870 and lent to the Cork Harbour Board , before being sold at Portsmouth in February 1889 for breaking up .