naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battalion of University Volunteers from the Royal University of Toledo The Battalion of University Volunteers from the Royal University of Toledo was a military unit created at the initiative of all the University ' s professors in August 1808 after the uprising of 2 May in Madrid against the Napoleon ic invasion . Formation . After the formation of the Supreme Central Council of Aranjuez in September that started the war of independence , the University of Toledo approached the Provincial Council offering its services to create a battalion , without receiving a reply . On 14 August , the proposal was studied by various professors , and on the 17th the " Corps of Honor Volunteers of the Royal University of Toledo Plan " was approved . The proposal was submitted directly to the Supreme Central Council which approved it immediately , with the instruction that the University would be prepared to contribute its funds , together with the Town Council , for the support of the unit . The number of men was fixed at six hundred distributed in four companies for which the military command would choose the officers and non - commissioned officers . Any number of students and professors who wanted voluntarily could join the battalion . The students could enjoy academic advantages which included passing the time that would have been spent in the National Militia , in the Battalion . Also , the vestuary , uniformity and training hours were instituted . The unit remained entrusted to Lieutenant Colonel Bartolomé Obeso , who represented the Central Council . Activities . The events of the war forced the Central Council to move to the south , on the road to Seville . After spending the night in Toledo on 1 December , the battalion of volunteers was designated as an escort until it reached the destination , which happened on 17 December . The unit remained in the area , fighting at the outskirts throughout 1809 . In addition to supplying officers to diverse combat units , it was the embryo of the Seville Military Academy . Among its most prominent members was Baldomero Espartero , who would much later become Regent of Spain during the minority of Isabel II and the leader of the Progressive Party .
George Stringer George Stringer VC ( 24 July 1889 – 22 November 1957 ) from Newton Heath , Manchester was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Early life . Upon leaving school , George working for a local cloth dyer and bleacher . In 1905 he went on to join the Lancashire Fusilier Volunteers , a militia unit , and just before the outbreak of World War I he joined a territorial unit of the Manchester Regiment , then went on active duty with the 1st Battalion . Military career . His unit fought in France until December 1915 , then was posted to Mesopotamia in January 1916 . He was awarded the VC for heroic actions during the Battle of Es Sinn on 8 March 1916 . During the effort to relieve the besieged garrison of British and Indian Army troops at Kut - el - Amara . Citation . " For most conspicuous bravery and determination . After the capture of an enemy position , he was posted on the extreme right of the Battalion in order to guard against any hostile attack . His battalion was subsequently forced back by an enemy counter - attack , but Private Stringer held his ground single - handed and kept back the enemy till all his hand - grenades were expended . His very gallant stand saved the flank of his battalion and rendered a steady withdrawal possible . " Three days later he saved the lives of two officers , for which he was Mentioned in Despatches and Serbia awarded him the Miloš Obilić Gold Medal for Bravery . Some time after this he was wounded and developed and Jaundice and was returned to the UK in June 1917 . As a result of his wounds he was given a disability pension and a job as a doorkeeper with the Manchester Assistance Board which he kept until he retired at age 62 , with time out during World War II for a stint as a munitions worker . At the age of 68 he died in the town of Oldham and later buried in Philips Park Cemetery , close to William Jones VC . His medals are in the collection of the Museum Of The Manchester Regiment , Ashton - under - Lyne , Greater Manchester . External links . I
Joseph Nicholson Barney Joseph Nicholson Barney was born in 1818 in Maryland , son of John Barney and Elizabeth Nicholson Hindman . He married Eliza Jacobs Rogers on June 9 , 1846 in New Castle County , Delaware . He married a second time to Anne ( Nannie ) Seddon Dornin . He died in Virginia in 1899 . Civil War . Joseph Nicholson Barney was appointed into the Confederate Navy and was Commander of the CSS " Jamestown " during the Battle of Hampton Roads and so was also present during the famous Naval battle with the . Later he assumed command of the Confederate raider , CSS " Florida " in September 1863 but had to be detached due to ill health . From 1864 to 1865 , he was a Confederate Naval Agent in Europe . He surrendered on his return and took the Oath of Allegiance to the U . S . Constitution on September 29 , 1865 .
406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron 406 " City of Saskatoon " Maritime Operational Training Squadron is an air force unit with the Canadian Forces . Based at 12 Wing Shearwater since 1972 , it is responsible for crew training on the CH - 124 Sea King helicopter . The squadron was originally an Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) unit flying with RAF Fighter Command . History . The squadron was formed as No . 406 Squadron RCAF at RAF Acklington on 5 May 1941 , as part of No . 12 Group of Fighter Command to operate as night fighter s . The squadron was equipped with Blenheim Mk . IF heavy fighters , re - equipping with the improved Beaufighter Mk . IIF the next month . They operated out of several airfields in the United Kingdom , changing to the Beaufighter Mk . VIF in mid - 1942 , and receiving the Mosquito Mk . XII night - fighter during April 1944 . They upgraded to the Mosquito Mk . XXX in July 1944 , and operated this aircraft for the remainder of the war . In November 1944 it was renamed No . 406 ( Intruder ) Squadron to carry out daylight offensive operations over mainland Europe . In June 1945 the squadron was posted to RAF Predannack in Cornwall , where it disbanded in August 1945 . The unit was reformed as a reserve unit , 406 Tactical Bomber Squadron ( Auxiliary ) on 1 April 1947 at RCAF Station Saskatoon . It flew B - 25 Mitchell light bombers , and also Harvard and T - 33 Silver Star aircraft for army co - operation duties . It was redesignated 406 ( Light Bomber ) Squadron on 1 April 1949 , and adopted the title " City of Saskatoon " in September 1952 . In March 1958 under the name 406 Squadron , it was re - equipped with C - 45 Expeditor and CSR - 123 Otter aircraft , and assigned to a light transport and emergency rescue role . The squadron was disbanded again on 1 April 1964 . The squadron was reformed for a third time at CFB Shearwater on 12 July 1972 as the 406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron , operating the CH - 124 Sea King helicopter and the CP - 121 Tracker ASW aircraft . In mid - 1981 , the operational Tracker squadron , 880 Maritime Reconnaissance Squadron , was transferred CFB Summerside , which left 406 Squadron only responsible for Sea King training . It currently provides trained air and ground crews for 423 and 443 Maritime Helicopter squadrons . Around 200 to 300 students graduate from 406 Squadron courses each year .
Ayios Nikolaos Station Ayios Nikolaos Station ( also spelled " Agios Nikolaos " ; ) is a British army station and part of in the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia in Cyprus . It is a former village ( Ayios Nikolaos , SBA ) connected by a road to the main area of the Dhekelia Garrison . The Joint Service Signal Unit ( JSSU ) , formerly 9 Signal Regiment ( 2 Wireless Regiment pre - 1959 ) and the Royal Air Force ' s 33 Signals Unit , is based at Ayios Nikolaos . This unit is a British Armed Forces run Static Communications station . The Joint Service Signal Unit ( Cyprus ) ( JSSU ( Cyp ) ) was formed on 1 April 1999 as a result of the amalgamation of the Joint Service Signal Unit ( Ayios Nikolaos ) and elements of 33 Signals Unit RAF . It is a three - squadron organisation , commanded by a Royal Signals Lieutenant Colonel , with a number of Royal Air Force and civilian contractors attached . " Ayios Nikolaos " or " Agios Nikolaos " is a very common place name in Greece and Cyprus ; it is Greek for " Saint Nicholas " .
Nagao Fujikage Nagao Fujikage ( 長尾藤景 ) was a samurai of the Nagao clan who served under Uesugi Kenshin during Japan ' s Sengoku period . He was counted among Kenshin ' s Twenty - Eight Generals and fought on the left flank at the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima in 1561 .
Stare Selo Castle Stare Selo Castle is a castle in Stare Selo village , Pustomyty Raion , Lviv Oblast , Ukraine . This castle , or fortress , was built by Princes Ostrogski family . Its original timber fortifications , first mentioned in 1448 , were destroyed by the invading Turks in the late 15th century . A more secure stone fort , intended to defend the Bârlad Road from Lviv to Romania , was built in Stare Selo in the 1580s . Those walls were breached and rendered useless by Khmelnytsky ' s Cossacks during the Siege of Lviv in 1648 . The existing fortress , almost triangular in shape , with 15 - metre high walls and a ceremonial gate on the south side , was commissioned by Prince Władysław Dominik Zasławski , one of the last members of the Ostrogski family . The citadel was erected in 1649 - 54 and formerly contained the palatial residence of Prince Zaslawski , one of the richest landowners of Eastern Europe and brother - in - law of King John III Sobieski . After Prince Zaslawski died in Stare Selo in 1656 , the fortress gradually fell into disrepair , although it successfully withstood a siege by the Turks in 1674 .
German destroyer Z6 Theodor Riedel Z6 " Theodor Riedel " was a built for the German Navy ( ) in the mid - 1930s . Design and description . " Theodor Riedel " had an overall length of and was long at the waterline . The ship had a beam of , and a maximum draft of . She displaced at standard and at deep load . The Wagner geared steam turbines were designed to produce which would propel the ship at . Steam was provided to the turbines by six high - pressure Wagner boilers with superheater s . " Theodor Riedel " carried a maximum of of fuel oil which was intended to give a range of at , but the ship proved top - heavy in service and 30 % of the fuel had to be retained as ballast low in the ship . The effective range proved to be only at . " Theodor Riedel " carried five 12 . 7 cm SK C / 34 guns in single mounts with gun shield s , two each superimposed , fore and aft . The fifth gun was carried on top of the rear deckhouse . Her anti - aircraft armament consisted of four 3 . 7 cm SK C / 30 guns in two twin mounts abreast the rear funnel and six 2 cm C / 30 guns in single mounts . The ship carried eight above - water torpedo tube s in two power - operated mounts . Four depth charge throwers were mounted on the sides of the rear deckhouse and they were supplemented by six racks for individual depth charges on the sides of the stern . Enough depth charges were carried for either two or four patterns of 16 charges each . Mine rails were fitted on the rear deck that had a maximum capacity of 60 mines . Career . The ship was ordered on 9 January 1935 and laid down at DeSchiMAG , Bremen on 18 July 1935 as yard number W900 . She was launched on 22 April 1936 and completed on 2 July 1937 .
Eldon Bargewell Major General Eldon A . Bargewell was a general in the United States Army and commander of Delta Force . Bargewell was born in Hoquiam , Washington and graduated from Hoquiam High School in 1965 . Bargewell also served as a member of the 75th Ranger Regiment , commander of US Special Operations Command Europe , assistant chief of staff for SFOR military operations in Sarajevo , and the director of the center operations , plans , and policies of US Special Operations Command . While serving as the Operations Officer for Multinational Force Iraq Bargewell pursued an outside administrative investigation as to how knowledge of the Haditha incident in Iraq passed up the Marine chain of command and whether or not any commanders lied in their reports . The informal investigation , pursuant to Army regulation AR 15 - 6 , began on March 19 , 2006 and was expected to examine how servicemembers and their commanders were trained in the rules of engagement . The completed report was sent to Army Lt . Gen . Peter W . Chiarelli , the second - ranked US commander in Iraq , on the morning of June 15 , 2006 . This was separate from a criminal investigation being conducted by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service .
Regiment Mooirivier Regiment Mooi Rivier ( named after the Mooi ( Afrikaans for " Beautiful " ) River ) is an armour ed regiment of the South African Army . As a reserve unit , it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Territorial Army or United States Army National Guard unit . It is part of the South African Army Armour Formation and is headquartered in the South African university town of Potchefstroom . History . The Regiment was founded in 1954 by the first vice - rector of the Potchefstroom University , Professor Fanus du Plessis . Regiment Mooirivier was founded as 2 Antitank Regiment SAA / ACF . During 1955 the regiment was converted to an armoured car regiment and renamed Regiment Hendrik Potgieter . In 1959 the Regiment was renamed Regiment Mooirivier . This unit served in South Africa ' s various internal conflicts as well as during its " Border War " , including duty in South - West Africa and transborder operations into Angola during the periods 1975 to 1976 and 1983 to 1984 . Commanding Officers . Regimental Sergeant Majors
Radar Bomb Scoring Division The Radar Bomb Scoring Division was a Strategic Air Command military organization which controlled the RBS units and operations of the 1st Combat Evaluation Group . The division included a maintenance office and as with the preceding 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group at Carswell AFB , the division had 3 Radar Bomb Scoring Squadrons with RBS detachments at fixed radar stations and at semi - mobile radar stations . The semi - mobile stations called " MDLs ( Mobile Duty Locations ) were sites set up for SAC special missions [ and the ] equipment , trailers , books , etc " were stored at Barksdale AFB when not in use . Each squadron manned an RBS Express train , but the squadrons were inactivated in 1966 after Vietnam War deployments had begun . RBS trains were inactivated later in the war after the 1968 - 9 Project 693 downsized by discharging 1st term SAC airmen up to 11 mos . early . Post - war the annual Combat Skyspot trophy was awarded for the outstanding RBS detachment ( e . g . , to Ashland Det 7 in 1985 ) . Operations . The squadrons initially used AN / MSQ - 1 , AN / MSQ - 1 , and AN / MSQ - 2 automatic tracking radar / computer systems , and bomber crashes during RBS sorties included 2 B - 47 bomber s at the Bayshore Bomb Scoring Site in 1961 . The Reeves AN / MSQ - 35 Bomb Scoring Central was developed for the division ( the 1st class was in the fall of 1962 , and mid - 1963 testing was at the White Sands Missile Range . ) During the Vietnam War , the Statesboro detachment used a Soviet T2A for training crews to jam the signal , and 3 US bombing systems developed during the war ( AN / MSQ - 77 , AN / TSQ - 81 , & AN / TSQ - 96 ) were used post - war in the United States by the RBS Division , which replaced them with the solid - state US Dynamics AN / TPQ - 43 Bomb Scoring Set ( SEEK SCORE ) developed from the AN / TPB - 1C Course Directing Central . At the end of the Cold War , most RBS detachments became Formerly Used Defense Sites ( e . g . , the earlier Milford Radar Bomb Scoring Site in Beaver County , Utah , closed in 1971 and is designated FUDS J08UT0874 . ) The personnel and the assets of the RBS Division became the 1st Electronic Combat Range Group on 1 July 1989 when the 1CEVG was split and other 1CEVG organizations transferred to SAC headquarters . 806L systems . The Electronic Systems Division 806L " Range Threat " systems for electronic warfare simulation were developed for use by 1CEVG late in the Cold War such as the US Dynamics AN / MST - T1 Miniature - Multiple Threat Emitter Simulator ( MUTES ) , for which the group evaluated the prototype in 1977 ( operational in October 1978 ) . Similarly , TLQ - 11 jammer improvements were in 1978 , and in 1979 1CEVG members completed a prototype study and testing of the new Threat Reaction Analysis Indicator System ( TRAINS ) for analyzing how aircrews and avionics reacted to ground - based threats .
Fort de la Croix - de - Bretagne The Fort de la Croix - de - Bretagne is a fortification in the vicinity of Briançon in the Dauphiné region of southeastern France . It was built as part of the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications in 1876 - 79 to defend France against invasion from Italy , at a cost of 1 , 416 , 642 francs . It overlooks the valley of the Durance from an altitude of and monitors the Cervière road to Italy . The position was used by the French Army in the defense of Briançon until 1940 , when it was part of the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné . The position overlooks the earlier Fort des Têtes and , in conjunction with the Grande Maye , was planned to bar an advance from Italy over the Col du Montgenèvre in the vicinity of the Gondrans . The garrison comprised 496 men , serving seven 155mm guns , five 138mm guns and four mortars . Croix - de - Bretagne and the Fort de l ' Infernet provided each other mutual support . Built in stone , it was never modernized to deal with explosive projectiles .
AN / SPY - 1 The AN / SPY - 1 ( Array , Navy / Search Protect , Yellow 1 ) is a US naval radar system manufactured by Lockheed Martin . The array is a passive electronically scanned system and is a key component of the Aegis Combat System . The system is computer controlled , using four complementary antennas to provide 360 degree coverage . The system was first installed in 1973 on the USS " Norton Sound " and entered active service in 1983 as the SPY - 1A on USS " Ticonderoga " . The - 1A was installed on ships up to CG - 58 , with the - 1B upgrade first installed on " Princeton " in 1986 . The upgraded - 1B ( V ) was retrofitted to existing ships from CG - 59 up to the last , CG - 73 . The SPY - 1D was first installed on " Arleigh Burke " in 1991 . It is a variant of the - 1B to fit the " Arleigh Burke " class . The - 1D ( V ) , the Littoral Warfare Radar , was an upgrade introduced in 1998 for high clutter near - coast operations , where the earlier " blue water " systems were especially weak . The SPY - 1F is a smaller version of the 1D designed to fit frigate s . It is not used by the US Navy , but has been exported to Norway . The origin of the SPY - 1F can be traced back to the Frigate Array Radar System ( FARS ) proposed to the German Navy in the 1980s . The SPY - 1K is the smallest version of the radar currently offered , based on the same architecture as the 1D and 1F . It is intended for use on very small vessels such as corvette s , where the SPY - 1F would be too large . As of 2007 , none are in service , although the radar is incorporated into the design of the yet - unbuilt AFCON Corvette . Air and Missile Defense Radar . In July 2009 , Lockheed Martin was one of three companies awarded contracts to study the development of a new Air and Missile Defense Radar ( AMDR ) to be composed of an S - Band radar , an X - Band radar and a Radar Suite Controller to defend against evolving anti - ship and ballistic missile threats .
South Army ( German Empire ) The South Army ( ) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I . It was formed on 11 January 1915 to fight against Russia and served exclusively on the Eastern Front . It was dissolved on 25 January 1918 . History . The South Army was formed in Breslau , on 11 January 1915 , by the transformation of II Corps for the Hungarian Carparthian Front . II Corps commander , General der Infanterie Alexander von Linsingen took over the new army command . On 8 July 1915 , von Linsingen transferred as commander of the new Army of the Bug . In his place , General der Infanterie Felix Graf von Bothmer of II Bavarian Reserve Corps took command of the South Army . With the Russians withdrawing from the war ( Treaty of Brest - Litovsk ) and the run down of German forces on the Eastern Front , the army was dissolved on 25 January 1918 . The headquarters of the army was located in Mukachevo ( from 11 January 1915 ) , Stryi ( from 5 June 1915 ) , Berezhany ( from 4 September 1915 ) , Khodoriv ( from 15 November 15 , 1916 ) and Chortkiv ( from 4 August 1917 ) . Commanders . The South Army had the following commanders during its existence :
Vernard Eugene Bivin Vernard Eugene Bivin was born in Greenville , Kentucky on 23 November 1921 . Navy career . Bivin enlisted in the United States Navy in 1940 . Awarded the Navy Cross . Bivin was killed in action on board Salt Lake City ( CA - 25 ) on 12 October 1942 during the Battle of Cape Esperance , Seaman First Class . He received a posthumous Navy Cross . Namesake . The " USS Bivin " ( DE - 536 ) was launched 7 December 1943 by Boston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . Ella Florence Bivin , mother of " Seaman Bivin " ; and commissioned 31 October 1944 , Lieutenant Commander M . Kelly in command .
Panzergranate 39 Panzergranate 39 or Pzgr . 39 was a German armor - piercing shell used during World War II . It was manufactured in various caliber s and was the most common anti - tank shell used in German tank and antitank guns of 50 to 88 mm calibers . The shell was of APCBC - HE - T construction meaning that it consisted of the shell body fitted with penetrating and ballistic caps , an explosive filler and a tracer unit that was incorporated into the base fuze . Phlegmatized PETN or RDX were commonplace as the explosive filling . Pzgr . 39 was only used in guns firing fixed ammunition . Exactly the same Pzgr . 39 shells of a certain caliber could be fitted to different cartridge cases . For example the 7 . 5 cm Pak 40 L / 46 antitank gun and the 7 . 5 cm KwK 40 L / 48 tank gun fired the same projectile , even though they had completely different cartridge cases . Different versions of the shell were made , but the changes were usually minor . For instance , in the 88 mm Pzgr . 39 - 1 version the quality of steel was improved . The 75 mm Pzgr . 39 / 42 of KwK 42 and Pak 42 guns had two driving band s instead of one . In the Pzgr . 39 / 43 of KwK and Pak 43 guns , the driving bands were made wider than those of Pzgr . 39 - 1 . The widening took place because the high gas pressure in these long - barreled guns presented certain problems when firing the older Pzgr . 39 – 1 shells with narrower driving bands . The abbreviation ' FES ' , found on many Pzgr . 39 rounds indicates the presence of sintered iron driving bands . Technical data of 75 mm Pzgr . 39 FES