naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Ushant ( 1778 ) The Battle of Ushant ( also called the First Battle of Ushant ) took place on 27 July 1778 , fought between French and British fleets west of Ushant , a French island at the mouth of the English Channel off the north - westernmost point of France . The battle ended indecisively and led to political disputes in both countries . Background . The British had 29 ships - of - the - line commanded by admiral Augustus Keppel , in HMS " Victory " , sailing from Spithead on 9 July 1778 . The French fleet had 32 ships commanded by admiral the Comte d ' Orvilliers , sailing from Brest on 8 July 1778 . Keppel sighted the French fleet west of Ushant on 23 July . D ' Orvilliers , who had orders to avoid battle , was cut off from Brest but retained the weather gage . Two of his ships , standing to windward , escaped into port , leaving him with 27 . Battle . The two fleets manoeuvred during shifting winds and a heavy rain squall until a battle became inevitable with the British more or less in column and the French in some confusion . However , the French managed to pass along the British line to windward with their most advanced ships . At around noon , opened fire on " Bretagne " , 110 guns , followed by " Ville de Paris " , 90 guns . The British van escaped with little loss but Sir Hugh Palliser ' s rear division suffered considerably . Keppel made the signal to wear and follow the French , but Palliser did not conform and the action was not resumed . Aftermath . France . Chartres requested permission to carry news of the battle to Paris and Versailles . He arrived there early on the morning of 2 August 1778 , had Louis XVI woken up and announced a victory . Chartres was widely celebrated and received a twenty minute standing ovation when he attended the opera . An effigy of Admiral Keppel was burnt in the gardens of the Palais Royal . Chartres then returned to Brest to rejoin the fleet . Fresh reports of the battle and Chartres ' role then began to arrive in the French capital . Far from a victory , it was now reported as being at best indecisive , and Chartres was accused by d ' Orvilliers of either misunderstanding or deliberately ignoring an order to engage the enemy . Chartres was soon mocked by street ballads in Paris , and the embarrassment led to Chartres eventually resigning from the Navy . He subsequently tried to gain permission to take part in a planned invasion of Britain the following year but he was refused by the King . Britain . A violent quarrel , exacerbated by political differences , broke out between the British commands . This led to two courts - martial , the resignation of Keppel , and great injury to the discipline of the navy . Keppel was court - martialled but cleared of dereliction of duty charges . Palliser was criticized by an inquiry , before the affair turned into a squabble of party politics .
David Rutherford - Jones Major - General David John Rutherford - Jones , CB ( born 11 August 1958 ) is a retired British Army officer and former Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . Early life . Rutherford - Jones was born on 11 August 1958 and educated at Lancing College , West Sussex , England from 1972 to 1976 . Military career . After attending the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst , Rutherford - Jones was commissioned into the 15th / 19th Hussars as a second lieutenant on 6 August 1977 . He was promoted to lieutenant on 6 August 1979 , to captain on 6 February 1984 , and major on 30 September 1990 . In 1991 , he commanded B squadron , 15th / 19th Hussars during a 6 - month tour of duty as part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus . Rutherford - Jones served as Chief of Staff of 1st Mechanised Brigade from 1993 to 1996 . He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1996 . He served at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe as a Staff Officer ( Class 1 ) in the Joint Operation Centre from 1996 to 1997 and was Chief of Staff of 3rd ( UK ) Division prior to the Kosovo War . He was then commanding officer of The Light Dragoons . While CO , the regiment served for a time in the Balkans . He was promoted to colonel on 30 June 2000 , and to brigadier on 31 December 2001 with seniority from 30 June 2001 . He commanded 20th Armoured Brigade during tours of duty in Kosovo ( 2001 / 02 ) and Iraq ( 2003 / 04 ) . In 2005 to 2007 , he was Director of the Royal Armoured Corps . On 14 August 2007 , he was promoted to major general and appointed Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . In September 2009 , he became Military Secretary , retiring from the post in February 2011 . He retired on 25 May 2011 . Later life . Upon retirement , he became Chief Executive of the charity Morden College . He has been a trustee of Blind Veterans UK since 2011 . Personal life . Rutherford - Jones is married to Sarah and has two children ; George and Alice . Honours and decorations . Rutherford - Jones was awarded the Queen ' s Commendation for Valuable Service " in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in the former Yugoslavia during the period 1st October 2001 to 31st March 2002 " . He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in the 2010 Queen ' s Birthday Honours . He was appointed Aide de Camp to Queen Elizabeth II on 12 December 2005 . His tenure expired on 1 October 2007 . On 31 October 2009 , he was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Corps of Army Music . References .
Egnatius Gellius Egnatius ( died 295 BC ) was the leader of the Samnites during the Third Samnite War , which broke out in 298 BC . By the end of the second campaign the Samnites appeared completely defeated , however in the following year Gellius Egnatius marched into Etruria , and roused the Etruscans to a close co - operation against Rome . This had the effect of withdrawing Roman troops from Samnium for a period of time ; but the forces of the confederates were defeated by the combined armies of consuls Lucius Volumnius Flamma Violens and Appius Claudius Caecus . In the fourth campaign in 295 BC Egnatius induced the Gauls and the Umbrians to join the confederacy ; but due to the withdrawal of the Etruscans and the Umbrians , the Gauls and the Samnites fell back beyond the Apennines , and were met by the Romans near the town of Sentinum . A decisive battle , marked by the heroic devotion of P . Decius Mus , ensured that the Samnites were defeated and their leader Egnatius was slain .
William de Warenne , 3rd Earl of Surrey William de Warenne , 3rd Earl of Surrey ( 1119 – 1148 ) , was the eldest son of the William de Warenne , 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth de Vermandois . He fought during the Anarchy generally remaining loyal to king Stephen . He was a crusader on the Second Crusade . Life . Still in his minority in 1137 he was serving with Stephen , King of England in Normandy being one of those young nobles who initially fled the battle . Stephen pursued them , held them and did his best to pacify them but did not make them fight . At his father ' s death in 1138 , William became the third Earl of Surrey . At Easter 1138 he accompanied his half - brother Waleran de Beaumont , 1st Earl of Worcester on an embassy to Paris ratifying a treaty between the English and French kings . On February 2 , 1141 , he and his half - brother Waleran were again with King Stephen at the battle of Lincoln but fled at the initial charge of the enemy forces . They both joined Queen Matilda but on King Stephen ' s release they were once again among his followers , William witnessing a royal charter at Canterbury in late 1141 . Crusader Knight ( 1146 – 48 ) . He was one of the nobles that , along with his second cousin , Louis VII of France , took crusading vows at Vezelay in 1146 , and he accompanied the initial army of the Second Crusade the next year . He was killed at the Battle of Mount Cadmus while the crusader army was marching across Anatolia ( modern day Turkey ) on their way to the Holy Land . In December 1147 the French - Norman force reached Ephesus . They were joined by remnants of the army of the Holy Roman Empire , which had previously taken heavy losses at Dorylaeum . They marched across southwest Turkey and fought an unsuccessful battle at Laodicea on the border between Byzantine Empire and Seljuks of Rum ( 3 – 4 January 1148 ) . On 8 January they battled again in the area of Mount Cadmus , where Turks ambushed the infantry and non - combatants only , because they had become separated from the rest of the army . King Louis and his bodyguard of Knights Templar and noblemen recklessly charged the Turks . Most of the knights were killed , including William , and Louis barely escaped with his life . His army arrived later at the coastal city of Adalia . The battle is recorded by Odo of Deuil , personal chaplain to Louis , in his book " De Profectione " on pages 68 through 127 . Family . He was a great - grandson of Henry I of France , and half - brother to Robert de Beaumont , 2nd Earl of Leicester , Waleran IV de Beaumont , Count of Meulan , and Hugh de Beaumont , 1st Earl of Bedford . William married Adela ( or Ela ) , daughter of William Talvas , count of Ponthieu , by Helie ( Ella ) daughter of Odo I , Duke of Burgundy . They had one child , a daughter , Isabel , who was his heir . She married first William of Blois , second son of king Stephen , and who became earl of Warenne or Surrey . After he died without children in October 1159 , she married Hamelin , half - brother of Henry II , who also became Earl of Warenne or Surrey . He took the de Warenne surname , and their descendants carried on the earldom .
Battle of Saint - Charles The Battle of Saint - Charles was fought on November 25 , 1837 between Great Britain and Lower Canada rebels . The British were victorious . On the morning of 25 November 1837 , 2 days after Charles Gore ' s defeat at the Battle of Saint - Denis and the retreat to Sorel the troops of Colonel George Wetherall about 420 regulars ( from the 1st and 66th Regiments of Foot ) , left St - Hilaire and marched on the camp at St - Charles . The camp was at that time defended by some 80 men of the parish of St - Charles and others . As they approached , the soldiers exchanged gunfire with small groups of combatants . Wetherall deployed his men some distance from the fortifications , then ordered them to charge . The fight was violent and unequal ( the defenders by then numbered no more than 60 or 80 ) , caused several deaths , especially among the Patriotes , who could not prevent their barricades being overrun . When the Patriotes were being slaughtered , some retreated , but others stayed back to surrender to the British . Thinking they had won , the British calmly walked up toward the Patriotes , but the Patriotes opened fire upon the British and killed 3 of them . Furious , the British massacred them . While retracing their steps to Montréal via Chambly , the troops had a skirmish on November 28 ( Pointe - Olivier , St - Mathies ) , but the defeat of the patriotes at St - Charles had potentially given the army complete control of the Richelieu region . At the end of battle the British had only three dead and 18 wounded , whereas the Patriotes had about 56 dead .
Toruń Castle Toruń Castle or Thorn Castle is a 13th - or 14th - century castle of the Teutonic Order located in Toruń ( Thorn ) , Poland . The Castle is part of the Medieval Town of Toruń , one of the World Heritage Sites in Poland . History . The Toruń Castle was one of the first castles built by the Order in the lands ceded to them by Duke Conrad of Masovia . The construction started in mid 13th century , and continued for about a hundred years . It was the first Teutonic castle in the Chełmno Land . The new town of Toruń grew together with the Teutonic fortifications protecting it . The palace ' s historic value comes from the fact that it was the base for the Teutonic Knights when they began their first mission to colonize pagan Old Prussians , and subsequently the formation of the Teutonic state . The castle ' s first known function was as the residence of a Teutonic commander . Little of the castle survives to the present day , as it has been demolished in centuries since , with much destruction occurring during a town rebellion in 1454 . The city rebelled on 4 February , and few days later the small Teutonic garrison negotiated a surrender ; they were allowed to leave the castle and the city . Shortly afterward , on 8 February , the castle was plundered , and than the Toruń City Council decided that it would be demolished to prevent the Teutonic Knights from reoccupying it . This event marked the beginning of the Thirteen Years ' War ( 1454 – 66 ) . The castle was partially excavated , rebuilt and turned into a historical monument in 1966 during the time of the People ' s Republic of Poland for the 500th anniversary of the Second Peace of Thorn . Architecture . Unlike most later Teutonic castles , it was not a four - winged , rectangular conventual castle ; instead it had only two wings , laid out in a pattern similar to that of a horseshoe . The largest section of the castle to survive to present day is the sewage tower ( dansker ) . The tower is located over a stream that joins the nearby Vistula river . The other section of the former castle remaining today are the cellars . Other sections of the former castle now function as permanent exhibits . The permanent exhibits , which are mostly in the palace ' s vaults , are displayed in settings such as the armoury , kitchen , dormitory , scriptorium , and the mint .
Leonard Coulshaw The Very Rev Leonard Coulshaw CB , MC , FKC was Chaplain of the Fleet and Archdeacon of the Royal Navy from 1948 to 1952 . Born on 24 February 1896 and educated at Southend High School for Boys and King ’ s College London , he served in the Essex Regiment during World War I . He was ordained in 1923 and after a curacy at St Andrew ’ s , Romford was commissioned as a Chaplain in the Royal Navy . Amongst others he served HMS Cyclops , HMS Iron Duke , HMS Effingham , HMS Ganges , HMS Royal Sovereign and HMS Revenge before becoming the head of the service in 1948 . After four years he became Vicar of West End ; and then in 1954 ( his last post before retirement ) Frensham . An Honorary Chaplain to both the King and the Queen he died on 22 July 1988 .
16th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 16th New York Volunteer Infantry ( or 1st Northern New York Regiment ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 16th New York Infantry was organized by company in small towns and the regiment was assembled in Albany , New York and mustered in for two years of service on May 15 , 1861 under the command of Colonel Thomas A . Davies . However , Regiments that formed later in the war and individual soldiers that reinforced the Regiment would serve three years . Companies were principally recruited as follows : A at Ogdensburg , B and F at Potsdam , C and E at Plattsburg , D at Gouverneur , G at DePeyster , H at Stockholm , I at Malone , and K at West Chazy and Mooers . The regiment was attached to the 2nd Brigade , 5th Division , Army of Northeastern Virginia from June 1861 to August 1861 ; Heintzelman ' s Brigade , Division of the Potomac to March 1862 ; Slocum ' s Brigade , Franklin ' s Division , I Corps to May 1862 ; 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , VI Corps to May 1863 . The 16th New York Infantry mustered out of service in Albany on May 22 , 1863 . The three - year men were transferred to the 121st New York . Detailed service . Mustered in at Albany , May 15 , 1861 , went into camp near Bethlehem and left the state for Washington on June 26 . To Alexandria on July 11 , from there to Manassas , where it was engaged but a very short time on the 21st and returned immediately after to Alexandria . On September 15 , 1862 to Fort Lyon . The winter of 1861 - 62 was passed at Camp Franklin . Ordered to Catlett ' s Station April 6 , 1862 , but at once returned to camp ; then ordered to Yorktown , where it arrived on May 3 . The regiment was in action at West Point , and at Gaines Mill , its loss being over 200 killed and wounded . It was present through the remainder of that week of battle , but was not closely engaged , then encamped at Harrison ' s Landing until August 16 , 1862 , when it returned for a brief period to Alexandria . In the Battle of Crampton ' s Gap it was in the van and lost heavily ; was held in reserve at Antietam ; at Fredericksburg was posted on picket duty , and after the battle went into winter quarters near Falmouth . It shared the hardships and discomforts of the Mud March under Burnside and was active in the Battle of Chancellorsville , with a loss at Salem Church of 20 killed , 87 wounded and 49 missing . A few days were next spent at Banks ' Ford , then a short time in the old camp at Falmouth , and on May 22 , 1863 , the regiment was mustered out at Albany . During its term of service its loss was 112 men killed or mortally wounded and 84 deaths from other causes . The three years men were transferred to the 121 st N . Y . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 213 men during service including 5 officers and 124 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 83 enlisted men who died of disease .
5th Guards Grenadiers The 5th Guard Grenadiers ( German : Garde - Grenadier - Regiment Nr . 5 ) was a regiment of the Imperial German Army prior to and during the First World War . Established in 1897 , it was part of the 5th Guard Infantry Brigade . The regiment was disbanded following the war and perpetuated by 5th and 6th Company , 4th Infantry Regiment of the Reichswehr .
UGM - 89 Perseus The UGM - 89 Perseus was a proposed U . S . Navy submarine - launched anti - ship ( AShM ) and anti - submarine ( ASW ) cruise missile that was developed under the Submarine Tactical Missile ( STAM ) project , which was also referred to as the Submarine Anti - ship Weapon System ( STAWS ) . This missile system was to be the centerpiece for a proposed third - generation nuclear - powered cruise missile submarine championed by then - Vice Admiral Hyman G . Rickover , the influential but controversial head of the Navy ' s nuclear propulsion program . Development . The Navy issued the STAM requirement in March 1969 , and the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company ( LMSC ) responded to this proposal , which included the formation of an undersea warfare program organization in Sunnyvale , California . It is unclear if this was to be an entirely new organization or part of the Lockheed Underwater Missile Facility ( LUMF ) which had been responsible for the design and development of the Polaris , Poseidon , and Trident submarine - launched strategic ballistic missile ( SLBM ) systems for the U . S . Navy . In February 1970 , the missile designation ZUGM - 89A Perseus was reserved for the U . S . Navy presumably for the STAM / STAWS missile development program . Design overview . Because of its large size , the UGM - 89 Perseus missile could not be launched from the Navy ' s standard 21 - inch ( 533 mm ) submarine torpedo tube s , but would be carried in a vertical launch system ( VLS ) housed within the proposed cruise missile submarine ' s hull . Twenty VLS tubes would be located in a separate compartment situated between the submarine ' s operations and reactor compartments . The individual launcher tube would be 30 x 300 inches ( 76 . 2 x 762 cm ) in dimension . The missile warhead payload would be a new 21 - inch ( 533 mm ) diameter homing torpedo to be developed concurrently with the UGM - 89 Perseus missile . By 1971 , the STAM project had evolved into a long - range advanced cruise missile ( ACM ) program capable of undertaking a variety of combat missions , including strategic nuclear strike " ( see table below ) " . The proposed ACM versions of the UGM - 89 Perseus STAM would use a slightly enlarged launch tube ( 40 x 400 inches , or 101 . 6 x 1016 cm ) , and 1979 would have been the date for its initial operational capability ( IOC ) . Cancellation . The UGM - 89 Perseus missile system was cancelled in 1973 , and its proposed nuclear - powered cruise missile submarine platform was officially cancelled in 1974 , with the Navy deciding to build the less expensive " Los Angeles " - class nuclear - powered attack submarines , which would subsequently carry both the Harpoon and Tomahawk cruise missiles . The AWS component of the UGM - 89 Perseus would later serve as the baseline for the proposed Sea Lance stand - off ASW missile system .
Timeline of the Libyan civil war and military intervention ( 16 August – 23 October ) The Libyan civil war began on 17 February 2011 as a civil protest and later evolved into a widespread uprising . By mid - August , anti - Gaddafi forces effectively supported by a NATO - led international coalition were ascendant in Tripolitania , breaking out of the restive Nafusa Mountains in the south to mount an offensive toward the coast and advancing from Misrata on loyalist - held cities and villages from the north and east . This period of the war was its endgame , with Muammar Gaddafi ' s defensive perimeter around Greater Tripoli collapsing and his government ultimately being routed from Tripoli . A number of members of the Gaddafi government were arrested or killed in action , including Gaddafi ' s youngest son Khamis , and a string of its last outposts teetered and eventually fell under the assault of the ( effectively ) NATO - backed revolutionaries . By the end of September , the National Transitional Council had won recognition from the United Nations , the Arab League , and the African Union as the legitimate governing authority of Libya , asserting control over the vast majority of the country . As the war entered its momentous final days , the last remaining stronghold of government loyalists was the city of Sirte , which Gaddafi declared to be the Great Socialist People ' s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ' s new capital after the fall of Tripoli . On 20 October , NTC forces that had been arrayed around the ever - shrinking positions occupied by loyalist holdouts made a decisive push and took control of the city , capturing Gaddafi as he attempted to flee . Gaddafi , who had been seriously wounded prior to his arrest , died in custody less than an hour later .
Edward Travis Sir Edward Wilfred Harry Travis KCMG CBE ( 24 September 1888 – 23 April 1956 ) was a British cryptographer and intelligence officer , becoming the operational head of Bletchley Park during World War II , and later the head of GCHQ . Career . Educated locally in Blackheath , Travis joined the Royal Navy in 1906 as a Paymaster officer , and served on HMS " Iron Duke " . From 1916 to 1918 , he worked on Navy cipher s . He retired in the 1920s , having reached the rank of Paymaster Commander . By 1925 , he was in charge of security at the Government Code and Cypher School ( GC & CS ) and deputy to Alastair Denniston . Travis replaced Denniston as the operational head of Bletchley Park in February 1942 , although both took the title of Deputy Director . This may have happened because in October 1941 , Alan Turing had written directly to Churchill on behalf of the cryptanalysts , over the head of Denniston , to alert Churchill to the fact that a shortage of staff at Bletchley Park was preventing them from deciphering many messages , to the detriment of the war effort . Turing had also praised the " energy and foresight " of Commander Travis . Turing ' s biographer says that after the change , Travis " presided over an administrative revolution " reconciling the management structure to the production process . Travis was involved with William Friedman in working on the 1943 BRUSA Agreement and the subsequent 1946 UKUSA Agreement . Travis remained head of the post - war successor to GCCS , GCHQ , and served as its director until 15 April 1952 , when he was replaced by Eric Jones . Travis was appointed CBE in 1936 , and KCMG in June 1944 . References .