Ioan C . Filitti Ioan Constantin Filitti ( , first name also Ion ; Francized " Jean C . Filitti " ; May 8 , 1879 – September 21 , 1945 ) was a Romania n historian , diplomat and conservative theorist , best remembered for his contribution to social history , legal history , genealogy and heraldry . A member of the Conservative Party and an assistant of its senior leader Titu Maiorescu , he had aristocratic ( boyar ) origins and an elitist perspective . Among his diverse contributions , several focus on 19th - century modernization under the " Regulamentul Organic " regime , during which Romania was ruled upon by the Russian Empire . As a historian , Filitti is noted for his perfectionism , and for constantly revising his own works . I . C . Filitti had an auspicious debut in diplomacy and politics , but his career was mired in controversy . A " Germanophile " by the start of World War I , he secretly opposed the pact between Romania and the Entente Powers , and opted to stay behind in German - occupied territory . He fell into disgrace for serving the collaborationist Lupu Kostaki as Prefect and head of the National Theater , although he eventually managed to overturn his death sentence for treason . Filitti became a recluse , focusing on his scholarship and press polemics , but was allowed to serve on the Legislative Council after 1926 . In his political tracts , written well after the Conservative Party ' s demise , I . C . Filitti preserves the orthodox conservative principles of Maiorescu . His attachment to boyar tradition was expanded into a critique of centralized government , etatism and Romanian liberalism . Toward the end of his life , he supported the dictatorial regime known as National Renaissance Front . Biography . Origin and early life . Through his paternal family , Filitti descended from historical figures whose careers were intertwined with the history of Wallachia , the Romanian subregion and former autonomous state . It originated with ethnic Greek migrants from the Epirus — where the Filitti family was known to be residing in the 17th century . The main settlers were male monks , whose presence was attested in Buzău County around 1786 : rising through the ranks of the Romanian Orthodox Church , Dositei Filitti served as Wallachian Metropolitan Bishop , assigning nephew Constandie to preside over the Diocese of Buzău . Although his Epirote father was a noted Russophile , the Metropolitan regarded himself as a liberal - minded Wallachian patriot : he founded the local school of divinity , provided scholarships to young Wallachians , and sponsored the growing printing industry . In tandem , he spoke out against the practice of slavery , protecting Romani women from their Wallachian masters and donating money for the release of " devşirme " victims . During times of turmoil , when Wallachia effectively became a dominion of the Russian Empire , Dositei was swiftly deposed on Russian orders . The historian claimed lineage from the non - monastic branch of the Filitti clan . A Silvestru Filitti , active ca . 1810 , was among the first private practitioners in Wallachia . Fully Romanianized , 20th - century Filittis were still members of Romania ' s privileged class . A native of Bucharest , Ioan C . was the son of Colonel Constantin Filitti , a former Ordinance Officer of the Romanian " Domnitor i " . By then , the family owned a country estate , at Alexeni , Ialomiţa County . The Filittis preserved strong connections with the Ialomiţa region , where Colonel Filitti had twice served as Prefect . Ioan inherited from him a deep dislike and mistrust toward the dominant National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , sentiments which carried him into Conservative politics : Constantin regarded himself as a political victim of the PNL establishment , and in particular of the Brătianu family . Colonel Filitti had another son , Alexandru — better known under the moniker " Filitti - Robăneşti " . The mother , Elena , was born into the Ghica family . Her father , Mihail Ghica , was a staff officer of the Royal Army , who had been married for a while to writer Elena Văcărescu . Thorough his mother ' s other relatives , Ioan also descended from the eponymous boyar line of Slatina ( the Slătineanus ) . I . C . Filitti studied at Saint Sava National College , where he was colleagues with future politician ( and adversary ) Ion G . Duca . He was an eminent student , who earned top distinctions annually , and moved on to study at the " École Libre des Sciences Politiques " in Paris . His first ever published work as a historian was a French - language tome , " Le Rôle diplomatique des phanariotes de 1700 à 1821 " ( " The Diplomatic Role of Phanariotes from 1700 to 1821 " ) . Signed " Jean C . Filitti " , it was probably his " Licence ès Lettres " , and , although receiving good reviews , was never listed by its author in his official resumés . He became a Doctor of Law in 1904 , when he published the first draft of his study about " Regulamentul Organic " as the first ever Romanian constitution . Entry into public life . Young Filitti made a remarkably early entry into the diplomatic corps , and stayed on with the Romanian Legation in France . In this capacity , he purposefully embarrassed PNL Foreign Minister Ion I . C . Brătianu by not sending in all Legation employees to receive him during an official visit . During his return trips to Romania , Filitti was focusing on researching his own family archives , and , in 1910 , published the volume " Aşezământul cultural al mitropolitului Dosit [ h ] ei Filitti , de la înfiinţare până azi " ( " Metropolitan Dosit [ h ] ei Filitti ' s Cultural Foundation , from Its Establishment to the Present Day " ) . In researching this work , Filitti sought input from the genealogical school in Greece and Macedonia , and from Romanian diplomats working in Istanbul . In a show of perfectionism , Filitti constantly revised the work as new data surfaced , and , in 1936 , declared the 1910 edition to be entirely unusable . Filitti was soon drawn into the Conservative establishment , by politics and family connections . His wife Alexandrina ( " Sanda " ) , descending from another branch of the Ghica clan , was a distant relative of two Conservative potentates and doyens of the Cantacuzino political family : Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino - Nababul , who was twice the Prime Minister of Romania , and newspaper magnate Grigore Gh . Cantacuzino . She brought in considerable wealth . Filitti was by then also in contact with " Junimea " , an inner - Conservative club dedicated to cultural criticism , presided upon by the aged literary patron Titu Maiorescu . As noted in 2008 by political scientist Ioan Stanomir , the young diplomat was " an orthodox " Junimist " who survived the end of his world . " Like other historiographers and doctrinaires raised by " Junimea " , Filitti the scholar firmly believed in the preservation of boyar " demesne s " and , as political scientist Victor Rizescu suggests , took part in the century - long debate opposing elitist historians to the advocates of natural law . Filitti ' s biographer and posthumous daughter - in - law , Georgeta Penelea - Filitti , also writes that , even in the 1910s , he had become a Conservative apologist , who felt compelled to justify the party line in a " trenchant and unresponsive " manner . Like senior " Junimists " Maiorescu and Petre P . Carp , Filitti reserved contempt for Take Ionescu , the rising star of Romanian conservatism , whom he depicted as a manipulator with no actual convictions . Filitti ' s first important postings were received from the Conservative cabinet of P . P . Carp , wherein Titu Maiorescu held the Foreign Affairs portfolio . After 1910 , Maiorescu appointed Filitti head of the Ministry ' s Political Section in Bucharest , and then granted him supervision of the Consular and Litigation sections . Filitti was also sent on regular missions to France , Austria - Hungary , the Ottoman Empire , Serbia and Italy . The missions allowed Filitti to expand his activity as a historiographer and archivist . The main stimulus of this activity was , according to Filitti ' s son Manole , a sense of filial duty : " since destiny wished for his parents to have such assets as would allow him to study in Paris for a couple of years , [ my father ] felt compelled to repay them by publishing works which would live up to that degree of education . " According to historian Lucian Boia , although " non - academic " , Filitti ' s work has earned deserved praise from within the scholarly community . Georgeta Penelea - Filitti argues that I . C . Filitti ' s work , indicative of his personality , covers an impressively " large horizon . " On May 8 , 1913 , shortly before the Second Balkan War , Filitti began keeping a diary , which records the political intrigues of his age , and offers insight into Conservative affairs . One of the first events recorded there is the August 1913 Peace Conference of Bucharest . Filitti was the official Secretary during the proceedings . In this context , he also helped Titu Maiorescu with drafting " Cartea Verde " ( " The Green Book " ) , that is the official justification of Romanian foreign policy . Decades later , he recalled that the congress had been a magnificent affair , noting especially the triumphant arrival of King Carol I , that " old Nestor of European monarchs " . The Conference , he recalled , " was the swan song of the old Conservative Party . " His services during the Conference earned him public praise from Maiorescu , and Filitti , who feared for his prospects , was kept on at the Ministry even after the National Liberal Emanuel Porumbaru became Minister in January 1914 . In tandem with his diplomatic endeavors , he spent time researching at the Vatican Library in Rome . As noted by Manole Filitti , Ioan C . received " special recommendations " , which allowed him entry into the less accessible archives of the Holy See . Such study trips resulted in a two - volume anthology of historical sources , " Din arhivele Vaticanului " ( " From the Vatican Archives " , 1913 and 1914 ) . Germanophile polemicist and " Domniile române . . . " . World War I was a turning point in Filitti ' s diplomatic career . Like many of his fellow Conservatives , and against the lobby which dominated the PNL , he believed in tying Romania to the Central Powers , especially to the German Empire and Austria - Hungary . The Entente Powers alternative , he argued , was bankrupt , because Romania would find herself manipulated by a hostile Russian Empire . His core idea , paraphrased by Georgeta Filitti , was that : " Any entente , any attempt to collaborate , any concession made to [ Russia ] would sooner or later turn against us . " The diplomat witnessed with alarm that public opinion was against him , either because of seductive Francophilia , or because a war on Austria - Hungary could bring Romania Transylvania region and other irredenta : " The Russian gold has bought off the press and many private persons . Others are guided by sentimentality " . In restaurants such as Casa Capşa , " Franco - hysteria and Russo - Frenchitude [ have reached ] a peak " , and " people of no significance " were even proposing to assassinate the Germanophile King Carol . In this context , he believed , Transylvania could only stand to lose its character if ever governed from Bucharest . At around that time , Filitti issued at his expense the Germanophile brochure " Cu Tripla Alianţă " ( " With the Triple Alliance " ) . He prudently signed it with the fake initials " F . K . " In it , Filitti spoke out at length about containing Pan - Slavism , more important a priority than " the nation ' s other aspirations " ( in Transylvania ) : " The best thing one may wish upon Romania is that the Muscovite Empire be evicted as far away as possible from the heart of Europe . " The pamphlet was also noted for its unfulfilled prophecy that Italy would also join the war as a German ally , and for arguing that , either way , Austria - Hungary was set to collapse after the war . The text ' s reception , he noted , was disastrous : no reviews were printed , almost no bookstores would sell it , and the few who looked over it attributed it to an agent of influence or to some " paid - off Jew " . In " Cu Tripla Alianţă " and in his dairy , the diplomat continued to complain that the Francophile mood was irrational , since France and the Entente as a whole only " love [ Romanians ] when they need us " , which was " only natural " . In the same vein , his diary documents earlier instances where ( he argued ) France had gambled with Romania ' s independence . In his more public existence , I . C . Filitti was still regarded with sympathy by the entire political and cultural establishment . In 1915 , he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy . The institution also granted him its prestigious Năsturel Herescu Award . This was in recognition of his groundbreaking monograph on modernization under the " Regulamentul " regime : " Domniile române sub Regulamentul Organic " ( " Romanian Reigns under " Regulamentul Organic " " ) . It described in some detail the culture shock of the 1830s , when the Westernized elites reversed a process of Turkification , and noted the ambivalent policies of Russian governors . The book also speaks about the 1832 manhunt for , and forced sedentarization of , Wallachia ' s Romani people , both the fugitive slave s and the free nomads . " Domniile române . . . " was simultaneously published in Bucharest ( by Editura Socec ) , Leipzig ( Otto Harrassowitz ) and Vienna ( Carl Gerold ) . It was then reprinted by the official Editura Academiei press , under the supervision of historian Nicolae Iorga . The encounter was confrontational : Iorga decided to cut out entire passages where , he argued , the author had gone into too much detail . The intervention was unwittingly destructive , as part of the documents cited by Filitti , and only by him , have since been destroyed . It was also in 1915 that Filitti contributed his views on the thorny issue of " Capitulations " , contracts reputedly signed by two Danubian Principalities ( Wallachia and Moldavia ) when they first came under the Ottoman Empire ' s suzerainty . The author postulated that the Capitulations regulated the status of foreigners living in ancient Romania , exempting them from the consequences of common law , and creating major legal problems after 1800 . His research produced the article " România faţă de capitulaţiile Turciei " ( " Romania in Relation to the Turkish Capitulations " ) , taken up by the Academy ' s official yearbook . It saw print at the same time as his new collection of documents , sampling the archives of French Ambassadors to the Porte : " Lettres et extraits concernant les relations des principautés roumaines avec la France , 1728 - 1810 " ( " Letters and Excerpts on the Relations between the Romanian Principalities and France " ) . Filitti and the Kostaki administration . I . C . Filitti was not in a celebratory mood as the National Liberals publicized their August 1916 Treaty , when Romania became part of the Entente . His diaries record not only his general frustration , but also his belief that the decades of PNL rule had left the military ill - prepared , and claims about generalized embezzlement within the Army . He was soon after drafted into the Romanian Land Forces , as officer of the Second Field Army , and stationed in Bucharest . When the German - led counteroffensive forced the army on the retreat , resulting in the Central Powers ' occupation of southern Romania , Filitti took his most controversial decision . In circumstances that are largely unknown , he opted to stay behind in occupied territory , and greeted the enemy . According to Boia , Filitti received two contradictory orders : one to follow the Imperial Russian Army as liaison officer , the other to stay behind in Bucharest ; he conveniently opted to follow the latter . The Filitti family had by then divided its loyalties : judge Ioan D . Filitti , formerly a PNL politico , followed the Germanophile line ; instead , Ioan C . ' s own brother Alexandru entered history when he led a cavalry charge on a German machine gun turret , located outside of Balş . At the time , Lupu Kostaki was organizing left - behind Conservatives and forming a provisional administration , answering to the German command . Filitti served Kostaki as Head of the National Theater Bucharest . Under his management , the Theater took on some 67 new productions of Romanian plays . The Germans also assigned him to an administrative position , making him the Prefect of Ialomiţa County . However , Filitti himself was troubled by his association with the puppet regime . According to Georgeta Filitti , the diary he kept shows " the efforts to interpose himself between the foreign military authorities and his own administrators , to alleviate the unbearable regime of requisitions , the abuse and Prussian arrogance , [ efforts which ] were , for the most part , ineffectual . " Like other Germanophiles , Filitti justified himself as a protector of Romanian interests during times of chaos , and was discouraged to find out that the German regime regarded him as a servant . He had similar trouble getting along with some of his Romanian colleagues , in particular Virgil Arion , the phantom Minister of Education ( whom he described as nepotistic , aloof , and especially " lazy " ) . Both of his assignments failed to satisfy him : he was , according to Boia , a " strange " choice for the Theater leadership , and gave up on this office in April 1917 ; Filitti himself viewed his Prefect ' s job as inane , and repeatedly presented his resignation ( only accepted in February 1918 ) . His departure from the Theater was in fact hastened by the Germans , who took over the location for their own purposes . Filitti informed the troupe members that they had to pay rent , and they moved out in protest . While in Ialomiţa , Filitti combined his administrative missions ( retold as short notes in his diaries ) with historical research , and tapped into a documentary fund at Alexeni . Although only a junior member of the administrative staff , Filitti aimed for a position at the core of government , and demanded from Kostaki a post better suited to his intelligence , " in Bucharest " . He noted that the death of Maiorescu in June 1917 had stripped him of political support inside the Conservative Party , and had derailed his steady advancement . Meanwhile , the legitimate government had relocated to Iaşi , in besieged Moldavia . Late in 1916 , it court - martial led Filitti " in absentia " , and sentenced him to death for the crime of high treason . By January 1918 , the collapse of Russian forces on the Eastern Front led the Iaşi administration into negotiating a separate peace with the Central Powers . Germanophile Alexandru Marghiloman took over as Premier , in what seemed to spell a moral victory for the pro - German camp . However , Filitti was drawing closer to the more disgruntled Germanophiles , led by P . P . Carp , who wanted to sign peace on their own terms : " I ask Carp , should he leave to negotiate for Romania , to take me with him . He says that he ' ll take along his son . I note that one does not exclude the other . He agrees " ( January 12 , 1918 ) . Filitti was also upset that Marghiloman himself had not yet offered him a high diplomatic post during negotiations over the Buftea - Bucharest Peace Treaty , and noted that the Ententist King , Ferdinand I , " made it hard " for him to be accepted back into the diplomatic corps . As noted by Georgeta Filitti , Ferdinand vetoed successive proposals to rehire him as public servant . In June 1918 , I . C . Filitti handed himself in to the authorities in Moldavia , and , upon retrial , was acquitted of treason . In addition to presenting evidence of his efforts to curb German excesses , he enlisted the testimony of Ialomiţa citizens , who vouched for him . However , Boia concludes , the retrial itself was a sham : " A rehabilitation as politicized in the new context as had been his sentencing at the end of 1916 . " Post - 1918 controversy . Upon the end of 1918 , when the Central Powers succumbed on the Western Front , the pro - Entente forces regained power . I . C . Filitti faced the political repercussions : blocked out of the Foreign Ministry and diplomatic corps , he had to reinvent himself as a full - time historian , publicist and essayist . He largely immersed himself in his decades - long work , in effect a multilevel historical narrative covering the history of the Danubian Principalities , from the foundation of Wallachia ( 14th century ) to the emergence of United Romania ( 1859 ) . Much of his interest , marked by what Georgeta Filitti calls " excessive accuracy " , was in reviewing the intricate boyar genealogies . He substantiated the various inheritance claims , and , in addition , painstakingly retraced the borders of Wallachia ' s oldest " demesnes " . During his retrial , facing the possibility of execution , Filitti also turned his attention to the philosophy of history , reading profusely from Ernest Renan and Hippolyte Taine . According to Filitti , the war spelled out the end of Romania ' s aristocratic order , leaving the country prey to the " nouveaux riches " and the neo - Jacobins . As the Conservative Party itself collapsed into obscurity , he remained largely cut off from the outside world , and rejected many of the recent innovations . Reportedly , he wrote all his books and articles in dip pen , and never watched a motion picture . After 1919 , he had to recover from financial ruin , having entrusted the bulk of his assets ( what had not been lost in the war ) to a broker , who gambled it away and then committed suicide . Filitti lived secluded in a townhouse on Oltarului Street , in the Bucharest quarter of Moşilor . He repeatedly complained about street noises , confiscated the footballs of neighborhood children , and eventually received ( from Romanian Police chief Gavrilă Marinescu ) a permanent guard to protect him from distractions . Filitti had few visiting friends , among them Alexandru Filitti - Robăneşti , teacher Alexandru Pisoschi , historians Emanoil Hagi - Moscu and G . D . Florescu . He was however in constant correspondence with other scholars who shared his passions , including Greek jurist Panagiotis Zepos , His Majesty ' s Antiquarian G . T . Kirileanu , bibliophile Constantin Karadja , regional historian G . Poboran , academician - priest Nicolae M . Popescu and Hungarian archivist Endre ( Andrei ) Veress . In addition to the anti - Germanophile Nicolae Iorga , his rivals in academia included a new generation of leading historians , who were targets of his polemical articles : Gheorghe I . Brătianu , George Fotino , Constantin C . Giurescu and P . P . Panaitescu . The latter was however influenced by Filitti ' s ideas on the sources of landed property , and incorporated them into his own historical narrative . An early product of Filitti ' s interest in genealogy was a 1919 book about his relatives , the Cantacuzinos : " Arhiva Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino " ( " The Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino Archive " ) . It refers to the documents collected by Cantacuzino - Nababul , whom the book describes as : " Good and kind , a self - effacing host , confident of the nation ' s faculties . " The author tracked down Nababul ' s origins to Michael " Şeytanoğlu " Kantakouzenos , a Byzantine Greek in Ottoman service , active around 1580 . The factual errors of this study caused Filitti great distress , to the point where he planned to entirely revise his version of the Cantacuzino family tree . The book is still considered a particularly relevant source on the obscure genealogies of some high - ranking Greek - Romanian families : Cara ( g ) iani , Filodor , Gheraki and Plagino . Filitti the politician returned in 1921 with an extended " " covering his wartime stances : " " ( " Russia , Austria - Hungary and Germany Confront Romania " ) . The same year , in May , Iaşi ' s " Viaţa Românească " review hosted his tract on administrative reform , whereby he criticized attempts to impose centralized government on post - war Greater Romania . He proposed three essential policies : decentralization , the depoliticization of public administration , and enhanced executive powers for the prefects . These prolonged P . P . Carp ' s ideas on local autonomy and , in addition , attempted to protect the existing local government of the newly united Transylvania , Bessarabia and Bukovina . He still struggled with prejudice against Germanophiles : also in 1921 , he tried to obtain the History Chair at the University of Iaşi , but lost once his old adversary Iorga intervened against him . Two years later , he was present at the funeral ceremony of Dimitrie Onciul , a fellow historian and " Junimist " . Onciul , whose Germanophila had been the topic of a major scandal in 1919 , was honored by Filitti with a funeral oration . It stated : " All of us , we are what our known or unknown ancestors have accumulated in our beings ; we are that which preceding generations have planted in us ; we are the echo of our dead . " Recovery . In the early 1920s , I . C . Filitti worked with the formerly " Junimist " tribune " Convorbiri Literare " , which published fragments of his research on Maiorescu ( 1922 ) and novelist Costache Negruzzi ( 1923 ) . Filitti subsequently turned his attention to some of the earliest sources on Wallachian history , adding his opinion to the debate surrounding the historicity of Negru Vodă ( described by some early modern sources as Wallachia ' s state - builder ) . His topical study , published by in the 1924 Romanian Academy annals , concluded that Negru Vodă was in fact the stuff of legend , concocted by the 17th - century Wallachian Lord Matei Basarab . The next year , he returned to social history , with the book " Clasele sociale în trecutul românesc " ( " Social Classes in the Romanian Past " ) . It mainly explained the difference between the concepts of nobility in Western Europe , on one hand , and the Danubian Principalities , on the other : Moldo - Wallachian nobility had no concept of knighthood , as all boyars were defined by their " demesnes " . Eventually , in 1926 , King Ferdinand allowed Filitti to resume his political career , making him a member of the Romanian Legislative Council . An emanation of the 1923 Constitution , it comprised experts tasked with reviewing laws endorsed by Parliament , and whose exact role sparked a series of controversies . Filitti was among those who described the Council as a necessary branch of the legislature , rather than as an organ of the executive . Also in 1926 , Filitti was one of the authors of a legal history overview , " Contribuţii la istoria justiţiei penale în Principatele române " ( " Contributions to the History of Penal Justice in the Romanian Principalities " ) . By means of Iorga ' s academic journal " Revista Istorică " , he also publicized his discovery of a 17th - century Romanian glossary , which emissaries of the Holy See used on their missions to the Danubian Principalities . He returned in 1927 with a work tracing the very history of the Legislative Council : " Originea şi menirea Consiliului Legislativ " ( " The Origin and Purpose of the Legislative Council " ) . Filitti ended the 13th and final notebook of his diary on March 6 , 1928 . By 1929 , he turned his attention to the history of medicine in Wallachia , publishing a study of medical practice between 1784 and 1828 . The same year , he edited the critical edition of the 1829 boyar register ( " catagrafie " ) , originally compiled by Russian authorities under " Regulamentul " provisions . It notably showed the division of aristocracy into three classes , with only 70 entries in the top , " great boyars " , category . Filitti conclusively showed that , at only 4 . 6 ‰ of the Wallachian population , Wallachian boyars formed one of the thinnest layers of European aristocrats proportional to the respective population . While still involved in the disputes over Legislative Council attributions , Filitti was a member , and later President , of the state ' s Heraldry and Genealogy Commission . The appointment again brought him into disagreement with the Romanian monarch , this time involving the heraldic symbols of Greater Romania . Filitti and Kirileanu suggested redesigned coats of arms of the Romanian counties , each bearing the Steel Crown , as a show of national unity ; Ferdinand disagreed , and the counties were only allowed their simple escutcheons . He was turning his attention to the Slătineanu branch of his family , and completed a biographical study on Ion Slătineanu , governor of Brăila in the 1830s ( hosted by the magazine " Analele Brăilei " , 1 / 1929 ) . Some of Filitti ' s biographical work was dedicated to the 16th - century Wallachian hero Michael the Brave . In 1931 , he published an investigation of Michael ' s early career as titular Ban of Oltenia . A year later , he detailed Michael ' s introduction of serfdom in Wallachia : " Despre " legătura " lui Mihai Viteazul " ( " On ' Bondage ' under Michael the Brave " ) . Between these , the academic review " Analele Economice şi Statistice " , Vol . XIV , reissued the 1857 count of emancipated Romani slaves , annotated by Filitti . In 1932 , returning to the history of Oltenian Bans , he gave an account on the Craioveşti family history , taken up by " Arhivele Olteniei " journal . His ongoing research into social issues of the early 19th century produced another book , " Frământări politice şi sociale în Principatele române de la 1821 la 1828 " ( " Political and Social Turmoil in the Romanian Principalities from 1821 to 1828 " , Cartea Românească , 1932 ) . It has been described as a " non - partisan analysis " of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and its reverberations , and features detail on the property dispute between local Orthodox monks and their Greek Orthodox competitors . Conservative theories and " Principatele române . . . " . By 1928 , I . C . Filitti ' s writing was moving from sheer historical research , as he was taking a stand in political theory . As noted by Ioan Stanomir , Filitti ' s evolution in this direction marks a final cycle in the history of classical , " Burkean " , conservatism in Romania , which did not have a political aspect , but was complementary and contemporary with the views of his rival Nicolae Iorga . According to Stanomir , the objectivity professed by Filitti the historiographer was at odds with his ambition to rehabilitate " Junimea " and the Conservative cause , to prolong their relevancy into the 1930s . Some of his core ideas were updated versions of 19th - century " Junimist " concepts : the praise of moderation and organicity , the rejection of state capitalism and its " pseudo - bourgeoisie " , and in particular the critique of generous land reforms . Directly influenced by the agrarian skepticism of Carp and Maiorescu , Filitti argued that the division of large estates into non - lucrative plots had only enhanced endemic problems , such as poverty or an unskilled workforce , and had prevented an organic growth toward good governance . Filitti ' s diary chides the political establishment of Greater Romania for not obtaining sufficient guarantees of territorial integrity — particularly so against Russia ' s successor , the Soviet Union — and for deprofessionalizing the diplomatic corps . From Maiorescu , Filitti borrowed the essential sociological concept of " forms without content " , criticizing all modernization which did not take into account local realities , writing : " After seven decades of bourgeois forms , without a bourgeoisie , with all that maelstrom of laws and regulations , which has grown to cover 20 , 000 pages [ . . . ] , the tally shows that [ . . . ] the villages of all places have registered no profit , although [ . . . ] Romania is , at heart , nothing but one giant village . " In his post - " Junimist " studies , Filitti angrily noted that the PNL regime had only increased the ranks of the bureaucracy ( and implicitly enlarged their political machine ) , perpetuating etatism . He proposed measures to counter this trend by encouraging a " rural bourgeoisie " , " self - reliant " , determined to reemerge " from the darkness and routine " of country life , and , in time , capable of supporting a national industry . In 1932 , Filitti , who kept a vivid interest in Romanian Orthodox history , published " Biserici şi ctitori " ( " Churches and " Ktitor s " " ) . He was preoccupied with similar thoughts when he decided to sponsor the rebuilding and refurbishing of two ancestral churches : the Dormition Church in Slatina , originally built by his Slătineanu relatives ( whom he commemorated with a coat of arms , displayed over the church entrance ) ; and the " Sfântul Dumitru de Jurământ " Metochion of Constandie Filitti ( whom he had reburied on church premises ) . It was in 1934 that I . C . Filitti registered one of his greatest successes , when he published a revised and extended version of his 1904 study : " Principatele române de la 1828 la 1834 . Ocupaţiunea rusească şi Regulamentul Organic " ( " The Romanian Principalities from 1828 to 1834 . The Russian Occupation and " Regulamentul Organic " " ) . The study even earned him accolades from Iorga , who called it " an extraordinarily rich work of pragmatic history " . The work mainly documents the emergence of a civic consciousness , called " public spirit " by Filitti , over the years when " Regulamentul " was in force , and speaks about how the Moldo - Wallachian Russophile class turned Russophobic as it became acquainted with Tsarist autocracy . " Principatele române . . . " includes additional data on the rift between the liberal youth , with its ideal of national liberation , and the peasantry , more determined to terminate the " corvée " system . He continued to publish on topical issues of legal history , documenting the antique Wallachian form of " Weregild " ( " plata capului " , " head payment " ) , and on historiography , with a " Revista Istorică " biography of Wallachian chronicler Radu Greceanu . His other book for that year was an extended political manifesto , " Rătăcirile unei pseudo - burghezii şi reforme ce nu se fac " ( " The Aberrations of a Pseudo - bourgeoisie and Reforms Not Effected " ) . In 1935 , Filitti completed his " Proprietatea solului în Principatele române până la 1864 " ( " Land Ownership in the Romanian Principalities to 1864 " ) and " Contribuţii la istoria diplomatică a României în secolul al XIX - lea " ( " Contributions to the Diplomatic History of Romania in the 19th Century " ) . In " Vechea organizare fiscală a Principatelor Române până la Regulamentul Organic " ( " On the Ancient Fiscal Order of the Romanian Principalities to " Regulamentul Organic " " ) , he discussed the proliferation of state taxes over the centuries , and the measure to which the Orthodox clergy was exempted . A fourth book , on literary history , saw print with the title " Cărţi vechi privitoare la români " ( " Old Books Relating to the Romanians " ) . Also in 1935 , he released a selection of his memoirs , as " Câteva amintiri " ( " Some Recollections " ) , and set in print his conferences for the state Radio Company : " Dezvoltarea politică a României moderne " ( " The Political Development of Modern Romania " ) . Building on his previous research in " Arhiva Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino " , Filitti also contributed an article about the Romanian origins of French diplomat Maurice Paléologue ( " Adevărul " daily , September 29 , 1935 ) and edited for print the letters of Oltenian engineer Petrache Poenaru ( " Arhivele Olteniei " , 74 - 76 / 1934 ) . His other contribution for 1935 was a collection of texts on political history , called " Pagini din istoria României moderne " ( " Pages from the History of Modern Romania " ) . The volume criticized the PNL ' s historical narrative , Romania ' s answer to Whiggishness , and noted that , from the beginning , the Conservatives were closer to the models of classical liberalism than their revolutionist opponents . Published with the " Lupta " Graphic Arts Institute in 1936 , Filitti ' s new essay revisited the birth and evolution of conservatism in the Danubian Principalities and then Romania : " Conservatori şi junimişti în viaţa politică românească " ( " Conservatives and " Junimists " in Romanian Political Life " ) . The work postulated that local conservatism had in fact originated within the first phase of Romanian liberalism , grouping opponents of the " extremist " , " utopian " , " exulted " force which became the National Liberal elite . He argued that , since the National Liberals had become the establishment and did away with their republican agenda , the Conservatives , " in reality moderate liberals " , came to be falsely depicted as " reactionaries " . His retrospective portrait of " Junimea " was , according to Stanomir , particularly " melancholy " , his own " Junimism " " never abjured " . Final years . In 1936 , I . C . Filitti wrote an article defining the scope and history of the Legislative Council . It was featured in the anniversary collection of articles published by Council President Ioan Ionescu - Dolj . His revised work on the Cantacuzinos , published in Bucharest as " Notice sur les Cantacuzène du XIe au XVIIe siècles " ( " Note on the Cantacuzinos from the 11th to the 14th Century " ) , traced the family links between Cantacuzino - Nababul and 14th - century Byzantine Emperor John VI , whom Filitti identified as a usurper . Also then , he republished a political pamphlet by the 18th - century poet Alecu Văcărescu , with the journal " Preocupări Literare " . Filitti was preparing his retirement from public life , and designated his only son Manole as a curator of the Filitti Archive . Filitti Jr was a lawyer , financier and amateur rugby footballer , who would later serve as manager of the Phoenix Oil Factory . Married to actress Mimi Enăceanu , he was for long based in Iaşi , sharing a villa with the poet Mihail Codreanu . It was there that Ioan C . ' s grandson Ion was born in 1936 . His baptism was a public affair involving some of the established aristocratic houses , and one of the last functions ever attended by Filitti Sr ( who met and befriended Codreanu on the occasion ) . The National Renaissance Front dictatorship , with King Carol II at its helm , put an end to democratic rule in Greater Romania . Under these circumstances , I . C . Filitti was recovered by the official school of historians . From 1938 , sociologist Dimitrie Gusti employed Filitti as an external contributor to the standard Romanian dictionary , " Enciclopedia României " . His " fundamental " contribution was , according to Stanomir , the " Legislative Council " entry , included in Volume I . Together with I . C . Vântu , Filitti also wrote the section on the administrative reform , whereby Carol had replaced the counties with larger " ţinuturi " . This entry justified Carol ' s ideas on territorial division , describing the new regions as organic , " moral , cultural , economic and financial " units . The two authors offered praise to the supposedly increased representative powers of communes , and to the laws protecting private property within urban domains . As noted by Georgeta Filitti , I . C . Filitti was again dissatisfied with the finished product : " The [ " Enciclopedia " ] copy he left comprises numerous rectifications to his own entries and observations made on those of other authors , which would be welcomed for any future reediting . " Filitti ' s other contribution for 1938 is an eponymous volume about the 1821 Wallachian revolutionist Tudor Vladimirescu , with the subtitle : " Rostul răscoalei lui " ( " The Purpose of His Revolt " ) . The outbreak of World War II again pushed Filitti away from public life . Romania was an Axis country , and , as such , Bucharest endured heavy bombardments by the United States Air Force . The air attack of April 4 , 1944 , effectively destroyed the Filitti residence , its art collection ( including Murano glass ware ) and scores of unedited documents . The historian survived , but , according to Georgeta Filitti , the incident " hastened his death " . I . C . Filitti died in September 1945 , almost a year after King Michael ' s Coup broke with the Axis . By his own account , he had published 82 volumes , 267 topical articles , and completed some 700 family tree s . Many of these texts were circular of " rectifications " to previous editions , addressed to the community of scientists at large . Legacy . Filitti ' s death occurred shortly before a came into existence . He was survived by his wife and son . An aristocrats by blood and conservatives by conviction , Ioan C . ' s descendants and relatives suffered heavily as a result of the new policies : the outspoken anti - communist Filitti - Robăneşti became a political prisoner , as did his cousin Puiu Filitti , who had been the King ' s Adjutant . Alexandrina Filitti was stripped of virtually all her land during the land reform and nationalization , but still forced to meet agricultural quotas imposed by the government ; when she failed to do so , Manole Filitti took it upon himself to face the consequences , and spent some three years in communist jails . Upon release , Manole and part of the Filitti clan moved into a single Bucharest home , located near the Darvari Skete . Reintegrated as a clerk for nationalized enterprises , he remarried , in 1985 , to historian Georgeta Penelea . Of Croat and Istro - Romanian ancestry , she is related to prestigious woman reporter Mihaela Catargi . Manole ' s son Ion had a career in engineering , but could not advance professionally due to his aristocratic lineage . He emigrated to West Germany , where a branch of the Filittis still resides . Although officially censored , Filitti ' s work was not entirely inaccessible . As indicated by Victor Rizescu , under orthodox Marxism - Leninism , the idea of boyar precedence in the early Danubian Principalities was not discarded , but rather integrated within a " modes of production " theory . Some of Filitti ' s books were reprinted in the 1980s , when national communism allowed selective exposure to Romania ' s conservative schools of thought . As noted by historian Ovidiu Pecican , the regime was trying to encourage " autarkic xenophobia " , preventing intellectuals from receiving Western ideas , but in exchange allowing them a selective recovery of old ideas . In 1985 , " Proprietatea solului . . . " , " Frământări politice şi sociale . . . " and " România faţă de capitulaţiile Turciei " were reissued in critical editions . On the academic side , the main contributor to this particular recovery project was Georgeta Penelea - Filitti , also distinguished as the editor of books by Iorga , Mihail Kogălniceanu , etc . The Romanian Revolution of 1989 resulted in more consideration being granted to I . C . Filitti , as both researcher and polemicist . The Filitti Archive , preserved by Manole Filitti , was divided into separate funds , and divided between several institutions : the Romanian Academy Library , the National Archives , the Cotroceni Palace collection , and the Ialomiţa County Museum . Selections from the historian ' s diaries were published by Georgeta Filitti as fascicles in the academic review " Revista Istorică " , during the early 1990s . Beginning 2008 , she published the diary in book form , with the Ialomiţa Museum press and Cetatea de Scaun company of Târgovişte . Romania ' s academic community was thus prompted to reassess the overall value of Ioan C . Filitti ' s work . The popular history review " Magazin Istoric " grants an I . C . Filitti Award as one of its four annual distinctions for exceptional research and writing . In 2009 , Editura Compania company published historian Dan Berindei ' s book of scholarly biographies , which notably includes a chapter on Filitti . According to Boia , Berindei bracketed out Filitti ' s entire career in occupied Romania , while expressing a vague regret that Filitti never reached his full potential in diplomacy . Boia asks rhetorically : " the historian knows [ the reason for this ] , shouldn ' t the reader also find it out ? " According to political scientist Cristian Cercel , Ioan Stanomir takes credit for having helped recover Filitti ' s contributions as conservative theorist , which had been " all too soon forgotten . " In his 2004 book " Conştiinţa conservatoare " ( " The Conservative Consciousness " ) , Stanomir places Filitti alongside Constantin Rădulescu - Motru , Alexandru Duţu and Virgil Nemoianu , as one of the intellectuals who preserved a place for " Junimist " conservatism into the latter 20th century and beyond .