naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Wilson King Captain James Wilson King ( 1818 – 1905 ) was Chief Engineer of the US Navy . During his career he held every position in the US Navy to which an engineer officer could be called . He is chiefly remembered today for his 1880 book " The Warships and Navies of the World " ; " this was an important book to establish reliable contemporary information " and was republished by the US Naval Institute in 1982 . Early life . King was born in 1818 in Maryland . He was appointed to the navy from Maryland , as a third assistant engineer on 2 September 1844 . During the Mexican – American War King was attached to the paddle - frigate " Mississippi " , and participated in the capture of all but one the towns on the Mexican coast taken by the navy . During this time , King was promoted to second assistant engineer on 10 July 1847 . During his early career King served on all the first steamers belonging to the US Navy excepting the first " Fulton " . King was promoted to first assistant engineer on 13 September 1849 , and to chief engineer on 12 November 1852 . King was appointed government inspector of ocean mail steamers at New York in 1853 . Then in 1858 he was appointed Chief Engineer at the New York navy - yard . The American Civil War . King was Chief Engineer of the North Atlantic Fleet in the early part of the American Civil War . " Subsequently he was the superintendent of the construction of all the armour - clads built west of the Alleghanies , involving an expenditure in the aggregate of seven millions of dollars " . Post war career . King was promoted engineer in chief on 15 March 1869 . In 1869 President Grant appointed King chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering . In this post , King introduced double - expansion engines into the US Navy . King held this post until 20 March 1873 . During the mid - 1870s King , as " Chief Engineer of the US Navy , made many visits , official and private , to Europe to collect information relating to ship building , machinery and other aspects of naval warfare . " In 1877 , he produced a report to congress entitled " European ships of war and their armament , naval administration and economy , marine constructions and appliances , dockyards , etc . , etc " . " King ' s critical evaluations of naval architecture assumed that Congress might soon fund new designs for a re - equipped American navy . A second edition was published in 1878 . King then produced an expanded version of these reports as his 1880 book " The Warships and Navies of the World " . King was placed on the retired list on 26 August 1881 . King died at his home at 3221 Powelton Avenue , Philadelphia on 6 June 1905 .
Denis Rouleau Vice - Admiral Denis Rouleau is a retired officer who served in the Royal Canadian Navy . Career . Rouleau completed a bachelors degree in engineering and management at the Royal Military College of Canada and attended the Canadian Forces College , graduating the Advanced Military Studies Course and the National Security Studies Course . Rouleau served as executive officer on and as commanding officer on , both destroyers , before becoming the first Canadian naval officer ever assigned to NORAD . After serving in various administrative positions at the National Defence Headquarters , he took command of the multi - national Standing NATO Maritime Group One before heading back to Ottawa . From June 15 , 2008 , until July 25 , 2010 , Rouleau served as the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff . Rouleau ' s last posting from August 2010 until his retirement in 2012 was as Canada ' s military representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization .
Convoy JW 55A Convoy JW 55A was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II . It sailed in December 1943 , reaching the Soviet northern ports at the end of the month . All ships arrived safely . Ships . JW 55A consisted of 19 merchant ships which departed from Loch Ewe on 12 December 1943 . Close escort was provided by the destroyer " Westcott " and two minesweepers . There was also an Ocean escort , comprising the destroyer " Milne " ( Capt . IMR Campbell commanding ) and seven other Home Fleet destroyers . The convoy was also accompanied initially by a local escort group from Britain , and was also joined later by a local escort group from Murmansk . A cruiser cover force comprising " Belfast " ( V . Adm R Burnett commanding ) , " Norfolk " , and " Sheffield " also followed the convoy , to guard against attack by surface units . Distant cover was provided by a Heavy Cover Force comprising the battleship " Duke of York " , the cruiser " Jamaica " and four destroyers under the command of V Adm . Bruce Fraser . JW 56A was opposed by a U - boat force of eight boats in a patrol line , code - named " Eisenbart " , in the Norwegian Sea . A surface force comprising the battleship " Scharnhorst " and five destroyers was also available , stationed at Altenfjord . Action . JW 55A departed Loch Ewe on 12 December 1943 , accompanied by its local escort , of two minesweepers and its close escort . Three days later it was joined by the ocean escort , while the Cruiser Force and Distant Cover Force also put to sea , taking station off Iceland . The convoy was sighted east of Bear Island by " U - 386 " but no attack developed . The darkness of the polar night limited any action by German aircraft , and no reconnaissance aircraft found JW 55A during her voyage . Nor did " Scharnhorst " make any move to sortie against the convoy , though the intense German radio traffic made Fraser wary of the possibility , and his Heavy cover Force accompanied JW 55A all the way to Kola , a risky and highly unusual move . On 20 December the convoy was met by the eastern local escort , three Soviet destroyers and a British minesweeper . JW 55A arrived in Murmansk on 22 December without loss or interference . Conclusion . All 19 ships of JW 55A arrived safely , though the presence of Adm . Fraser and his force caused much suspicion among the Soviets . The German forces in Norway were discomfited by their lack of activity , and took steps to re - inforce their patrol line in the Arctic , against the next Allied convoy . Ships involved . Allied ships . Merchant ships Close escort Ocean escort Cruiser cover force Distant Cover Force Axis ships . U - boat force Surface force
Front for National Salvation The Front for National Salvation ( FRONASA ) was a Uganda n rebel group formed by Yoweri Museveni in 1972 . Kikosi Maalum ( led by Milton Obote ) and FRONASA , as well as several smaller groups including Save Uganda Movement and Uganda Freedom Union , formed the Uganda National Liberation Front ( UNLF ) and its military wing the Uganda National Liberation Army ( UNLA ) in 1979 to fight alongside Tanzanian forces against Idi Amin .
Danilo Kalafatović Danilo Kalafatović ( ; 27 October 1875 – 1946 ) was a military officer who served in the armies of the Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the first half of the 20th century . During the Second World War , he became Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia . Second World War . With the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , General Kalafatović was named Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army by King Peter II , succeeding General Dušan Simović . Following the defeat of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , Kalafatović designated Foreign Minister Aleksandar Cincar - Marković and General Radivoje Janković to sign the unconditional surrender of the country to the Axis powers .
William Ruschenberger William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger , M . D . ( 4 September 1807 in Cumberland County , New Jersey – 24 March 1895 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) was a surgeon for the United States Navy , a naturalist , and an author . Biography . After attending schools in Philadelphia and New York he entered the Navy as surgeon ' s mate , 10 August 1826 . He graduated in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania in 1830 , and was commissioned surgeon , 4 April 1831 . He commissioned with the U . S . Sloop - of - war " Peacock " in 1836 , and accompanied the second mission of diplomatist Edmund Roberts to Muscat and Siam , subsequently fleet surgeon of the East India Squadron 1835 – 1837 . Ruschenberger was attached to the naval rendezvous at Philadelphia 1840 – 1842 . At the Brooklyn Navy Yard hospital 1843 – 1847 , he organized the laboratory for supplying the service with unadulterated drugs . He was again fleet surgeon of the East India Squadron 1847 – 1850 , of the Pacific Squadron 1854 – 1857 , and of the Mediterranean Squadron from August 1860 until July 1861 . During the intervals between cruises he was on duty at Philadelphia . During the Civil War he was surgeon of the Boston Navy Yard . He was on special duty at Philadelphia 1865 – 1870 , was the senior officer in the medical corps 1866 – 1869 , and was retired on 4 September 1869 . He was president of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1870 – 1882 , and president of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia 1879 – 1883 . He was commissioned medical director on the retired list on 3 March 1871 . Dr . Ruschenberger published some of the results of his investigations during his cruises , by which he had acquired a wide reputation . He also served as a member of the Board of Appointments whose purpose was to form rules and plans for the United States Naval Academy . Dr . Ruschenberger rose to the rank of commodore before he retired . Works . He also published numerous articles on naval rank and organization ( 1845 – 1850 ) , and contributed papers to medical and scientific journals . He edited the American edition of Mrs . Somerville ' s " Physical Geography " , with additions and a glossary ( 1850 ; new ed . , 1853 ) . With regard to the opening of Thailand – United States relations , the accounts of Dr . Ruschenberger and Mr . Roberts were collected , edited and re - published as " Two Yankee Diplomats In 1830 ' s Siam . "
12th Brigade ( Australia ) The 12th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the Australian Army . It was initially raised in 1916 as part of the expansion of the First Australian Imperial Force , which was Australia ' s overseas volunteer force during World War I . Attached to the 4th Division and consisting of four infantry battalions — the 45th , 46th , 47th and 48th Battalions — it served in the trenches of the Western Front from June 1916 onwards . In May 1918 , the brigade was one of three that was selected to disband one of its battalions in order to provide reinforcements to other units in the Australian Corps and it was at this time that the 47th Battalion was disbanded . Following the end of hostilities , the brigade was disbanded in early 1919 . In 1921 , the decision was made to reorganise Australia ' s part - time military forces in order to replicate the numerical designations and structure of the AIF . As a result , the 12th Brigade was re - raised at this time as a unit of the Citizens Force , which later adopted the title of " Militia " in 1929 when the compulsory training scheme was suspended . Upon the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 , the brigade was stationed in Tasmania , where it served in a garrison role . The brigade was assigned to the 4th Division between April and June 1943 , and then assigned to the 12th Division until October 1944 . During this time the brigade ' s establishment was reduced from four battalions to three , however , the brigade ' s establishment changed a number of times . The following units were attached to the brigade at various times during the war : 22nd Light Horse , 40th Battalion , 12th / 50th Battalion , 22nd Motor Regiment , 36th Battalion , 55th / 53rd Battalion , 38th Battalion , 10th / 48th Battalion , 12th / 40th Battalion .
14th / 17th Minesweeper Flotilla The 14th / 17th Minesweeper Flotilla was a Royal Navy minesweeper flotilla based in Malta during the Second World War . History . The flotilla comprised four fleet minesweepers from the Devonport based 14th M / S Flotilla – two " Halcyon " class ( HMS " Speedy " and HMS " Hebe " ) and two " Bangor " class ( HMS " Rye " and HMS " Hythe " ) . The four vessels were detached from 14th M / S Flotilla in 1942 and designated 17th M / S Flotilla on arrival in Gibraltar . The flotilla commander was Cdr Doran RN in HMS " Speedy " . The flotilla proceeded to Malta in June 1942 as part of the Malta Convoy Operation " Harpoon " . The four sweepers cleared the approaches to Grand Harbour and led the " Harpoon " convoy into Malta . During its service in Malta the flotilla was known as 14th / 17th Minesweeper Flotilla . The flotilla participated in the famous Malta Convoy " Operation Pedestal " during August 1942 , which included the rescue of the oil tanker SS " Ohio " , for which Lt J . A . Pearson of HMS " Rye " was awarded the DSC . 14th / 17th Minesweeper Flotilla , Malta , August 1942
French frigate Hermione ( 2012 ) The Hermione is a 12 - pounder " Concorde " class frigate , presently being completed in Rochefort by the Asselin organisation . She is a reproduction of the 1779 " Hermione " which achieved fame by ferrying General Lafayette to the United States in 1780 to allow him to join the American side in the American Revolutionary War . Construction . This project was conceived by members of the Centre International de la Mer in 1992 , and construction began in 1997 , envisaging a launch in the Spring of 2013 ( as compared to the original , which took less than a year to build ) . The shipyard is in one of the two dry docks beside the Corderie Royale at Rochefort . As far as possible , traditional construction methods are used although modern power tools were substituted for the period tools on some jobs . The site is open to the public , and admission fees help fund the project . The original plans have been modified in several ways for reasons of strength and safety : planks have been bolted rather than pegged to avoid movement during the long period of construction . Similarly , the mast sections are fastened with glue rather than metal hoops to avoid water penetration . The cannons are lightweight and non - functional to save weight , and for safety reasons . Hemp rigging will be used , but the sails will be synthetic for strength and to allow a smaller crew to handle them . An engine will be used for safety , and electric generators for lighting and basic amenities . Gallery . Photographs of the reconstruction from 2005 Photographs of the reconstruction from 2006 Photographs of the reconstruction from 2009
184th Airborne Division Nembo 184th Airborne Division Nembo or 184th Divisione Paracadutisti Nembo ( Italian ) was an airborne division of the Italian Army during World War II . The " Nembo " was formed in December 1942 from the 185 Parachute Regiment from 185 Airborne Division Folgore . The 183 Regiment was sent to North Africa , where it was destroyed . The 185 Parachute Regiment was sent to northeastern Italy to fight Yugoslav partisans , and was later sent to Sicily , where it fought against the Allied invasion there . It also fought on the mainland when Sicily was evacuated . The rest of the division was sent to Sardinia in June 1943 . After the Italian surrender , a significant part of the " Nembo " went over to the German side , eventually becoming the basis of the 4th Fallschirmjäger Division . History . " Nembo " was sent to Yugoslavia in the spring of 1943 , on anti - partisan operations near the Italian border city of Gorizia . In June 1943 , the 183 and 184 Parachute Regiments were sent to Sardinia to defend the island against what was expected to be the main Allied landing . The 185 Parachute Regiment was sent to Calabria . When the Allies landed in Sicily in July 1943 , the 185 was sent to reinforce the island but it arrived too late to affect the outcome . It was selected to form the rear guard and protect the withdrawing Italian and German forces , which were evacuating to the mainland . After the allied landings in Southern Italy the division engaged the British 8th Army in the Aspromonte massif , with a notable battle fought against Canadian troops on 8 September 1943 . After the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces the 12 Parachute Battalion of the 184 regiment and the majority of the 3 Parachute Battalion of the 185 regiment sided with the retreating Germans , while the rest of the division joined the Italian Co - Belligerent Army . In January 1944 , the Allies launched Operation Shingle , the landings at Anzio . A Battalion of the " fascist " Nembo was sent to defend the beach - head , fighting alongside the 4th Fallschirmjäger Division . What remained of the " fascist " Nembo was one of the last Italian units to surrender on 4 May 1945 .
Eardisley Castle Eardisley Castle was in the village of Eardisley in Herefordshire , England , some 11 km north - east of Hay - on - Wye ( ) . This was an 11th - century motte and bailey castle with a moat around the bailey filled by a stream . It is recorded in the Domesday Survey as being held by Robert ( probably Robert de Basqueville , father of Ralph de Baskerville ) from Roger de Lacy . In 1263 the castle was in the possession of Roger de Clifford where he imprisoned the Bishop of Hereford , Peter de Aquablanca . From around 1272 the castle was probably the chief residence of the Baskerville family although its ownership changed frequently . The de Bohuns , Earls of Hereford were for some time overlords of Eardisley until 1372 when the earldom of Hereford ceased and it passed to the Crown In 1403 Henry IV ordered the castle to be fortified against attacks by Owain Glyndŵr although by 1374 the castle had already been ruined . By the 1640s the castle was in the possession of Sir Humphrey Baskerville , a Royalist , and in the Civil War it was burnt down to the ground with only one of the gatehouse s escaping ruin . A member of the Baskerville family was still living in this ruin in 1670 in comparable poverty . The mound and wet ditches are the only traces now remaining .
Farragut - class destroyer ( 1934 ) The " Farragut " - class destroyers were a class of eight 1 , 365 - ton destroyer s in the United States Navy . Following the provisions of the London Naval Treaty of 1930 , the ships were laid down between 1932 and completed by 1935 . After more than 14 years since the last of the previous class of American destroyers ( the " Clemson " - class ) was commissioned , the " Farragut " ' s were commissioned in 1934 and 1935 . These ships were slightly larger than their predecessors , faster , and they had only two stacks , versus the four stacks common to all the earlier classes . The class was the first of six classes of 1 , 500 - ton destroyers built in the 1930s to modernize the United States Navy , and all eight " Farragut " ' s saw extensive front - line service during World War II . Design . The list of desired improvements compiled from the operational expericence of the earlier " Wickes " and " Clemson " classes was both long and comprehensive . Both classes had pointed sterns that deeply dug into the water , greatly increasing turning diameter . This was addressed with the flat stern design of the " Farragut " class . The previous classes were flush deck designs ; while providing good hull strength , this proved to be wet in high seas . This was addressed with the raised forecastle employed on the Farragut class . Cruising range on both the " Wickes " and " Clemson " classes had been a constant affliction of commanders ; the " Clemson " ' s had been built with wing tanks giving better range , but at the cost of having high mounted fuel oil on both sides — a decidedly - vulnerable feature in a ship without an armored belt such as a destroyer . The " Farragut " class corrected this range deficiency by having a design range of as opposed to the " Clemson ' s " . Steady improvements to both boilers and steam turbines in the years intervening between the " Clemson " and " Farragut " designs allowed greater speed and a reduction from 4 to 2 smoke stacks . The success of the efforts become clear with the testimony of Admiral Land , who was then the head of the Bureau of Construction and Repair to the General Board , comparing the " Farragut " class to the " Wickes " and " Clemson " classes . Those advantages were : This had all been accomplished on a displacement rise of only 22 % . Operations . All ships were present at the attack on Pearl Harbor . " Worden " ran aground in Alaskan waters in 1943 . " Hull " and " Monaghan " were lost in Typhoon Cobra in December 1944 . The remaining five ships survived World War II ; they were fated to be broken up for scrap shortly after the end of the war . U . S . destroyers : an illustrated design history By Norman Friedman
Carrol Chandler Carrol H . " Howie " Chandler ( born March 16 , 1952 ) , is a retired United States Air Force four - star general . He last served as the 35th Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force from August 27 , 2009 to Junuary 14 , 2011 . He previously served as Commander of Pacific Air Forces from November 2007 to August 20 , 2009 and Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations , Plans and Requirements from October 23 , 2005 to November 29 , 2007 . As Vice Chief , he presides over the Air Staff and serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Requirements Oversight Council and Deputy Advisory Working Group . He assists the Chief of Staff with organizing , training , and equipping of 680 , 000 active - duty , Guard , Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas . He retired from the Air Force by March 1 , 2011 . In 2012 he joined Pratt & Whitney as Vice President , Business Development . Background . General Chandler entered the U . S . Air Force in 1974 after graduating from the United States Air Force Academy . He has commanded a numbered air force , two fighter wings , a support group and a fighter squadron . His previous staff assignments include two tours at Headquarters Pacific Air Forces and at the Pentagon , as well as tours at Headquarters United States Pacific Command , Headquarters U . S . Military Training Mission in Saudi Arabia and Headquarters Allied Air Forces Southern Europe . Prior to assuming his current position , General Chandler served as Commander of Alaskan Command , Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command Region , 11th Air Force and Joint Task Force - Alaska with headquarters at Elmendorf Air Force Base , Alaska . The general is a command pilot with more than 3 , 900 flying hours in the T - 38 , F - 15 and F - 16 .
Medical intelligence Medical Intelligence is defined by the Department of Defense as : That category of intelligence resulting from collection , evaluation , analysis , and interpretation of foreign medical , bio - scientific , and environmental information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors . Also called MEDINT . NCMI . The National Center for Medical Intelligence ( " NCMI " ) , formerly the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center ( " AFMIC " ) located at Fort Detrick , Maryland is a field production agency of the Defense Intelligence Agency . NCMI has primary responsibility for medical intelligence within the Department of Defense .