naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Explosion of the RFA Bedenham The RFA " Bedenham " was a naval armament carrier that exploded while docked in Gibraltar on 27 April 1951 , killing 13 people and causing a great deal of damage to the town . Cause of the explosion . The " Bedenham " had arrived in Gibraltar on 24 April 1951 , tying up at Gun Wharf . On the morning of 27 April , depth charge s were being unloaded into a lighter when one of them ignited . Several men were organised to fight the fire from the quayside , but to no avail . There was an explosion in the lighter , and the fire spread to the " Bedenham " , causing a violent explosion in which the bow was blown out of the water and onto Gun Wharf , while the rest of the ship sank . Casualties . 13 people were killed in the explosion , including George Campbell Henderson , a sub - officer with the dockyard fire service , who was posthumously awarded the George Cross for his bravery in attempting to extinguish the fire . The King ' s Police and Fire Services Medal ( for Gallantry ) was posthumously awarded to Albert Alexander Indoe , Chief Fire Officer HM Dockyard , Gibraltar . Two dock workers and two traders on nearby Ragged Staff Road were killed by flying debris . One fire fighter was injured . Dock overseer Salvador Bula was injured by the explosion but managed to get others who were injured by the blast to safety . Hundreds were injured and had to be taken to the Royal Naval Hospital Gibraltar , then known as the British Military Hospital Gibraltar . The crew of the " Bedenham " had already abandoned the ship by the time of the explosion , with the exception of the Captain and the Naval Armament Supply Officer , both of whom were blown into the water but subsequently rescued . Effect of the explosion . In addition to the human casualties , many of Gibraltar ' s buildings suffered substantial damage in the explosion , including the Cathedral of St . Mary the Crowned , the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity , and the Convent ( the official residence of the Governor of Gibraltar ) . Another effect of the explosion was to delay the programme of housing necessary for the Gibraltarians that had been repatriated following their evacuation during World War II . The Admiralty accepted full responsibility for the damage , and approximately £250 , 000 in Gibraltar pound s was paid out in indemnity .
Jean - François Du Cheyron Jean - François Du Cheyron , chevalier du Pavillon ( 29 September 1758 – 12 April 1782 ) was a French naval tactician and " Capitaine du vaisseau " , hero of the American Revolutionary War . He is considered one of the principal creators of naval communications before the era of radio . Commanding the ship " Triomphant " he was killed at the Battle of the Saintes after being hit by a cannonball .
Chinese cruiser Ning Hai The Ning Hai ( ) was a light cruiser in the Chinese fleet before World War II and the lead ship of her class . It was laid down and launched before the dust of Mukden Incident settled , meaning that the progress of its construction ran far more smoothly than its sistership " Ping Hai " . " Ning Hai " has a small hangar for two seaplanes ; two Aichi AB - 3 biplanes , one bought from Japan and one built locally using a spare engine and domestic lumbers , were assigned to it . There was no catapult , and the seaplanes were hoisted onto and deployed from the cruiser via a crane . Service record . " Ning Hai " served as the flagship of the Republic of China Navy since its commissioning until " Ping Hai " took over in April 1937 . As one of the more powerful surface combatants within the ROCN , " Ning Hai " was subjected to aerial attacks by the Imperial Japanese Navy since the Battle of Shanghai , but it was not until September 23 , during the Japanese assault on Kiangyin Fortress ( which guarded segment of Yangtze River near Nanking ) , for " Ning Hai " to come under severe attack by Japanese bombers , sustaining 4 bomb hits while Ping Hai was hit by 8 bombs and sunk . It was not until 25 September when B3Y1 torpedo bombers scored 2 direct hits on Ning Hai sinking her in shallow water . The fate of the escorting cruiser Ying Jui and the gunboat remains unknown for lack of evidence . These airstrikes were launched from both carrier " Kaga " and airfields around occupied Shanghai . The IJN captured the wreck on 5 December 1937 . An attempt to re - floated by the Japanese in April , 1938 was unsuccessful with 2 salvage divers killed . An attempt on 4 May 1938 was successful . She was towed to Shanghai for basic repairs . Originally it was to be transferred to the Collaborationist navy under Wang Jing - Wei , but the Japanese elected to seize it instead and had it towed to Sasebo to be outfitted it as a barracks hulk . Renamed " Mikura " on 11 July 1938 . Used as barracks hulk from July 1938 - December 1943 . In December 1943 reconstruction into a Coast Defence Frigate began . Renamed escort ship on June 1 , 1944 . The ship lost all cruiser armaments but gained radar sets ; the final weapons fit included two 127mm DP guns and five triple 25mm AA cannons . " Ioshima " was sunk by American submarine USS " Shad " on September 19 , 1944 .
Albatros B . III The Albatros B . III was a German World War I reconnaissance biplane , built by Albatros Flugzeugwerke . Development and design . The B . III was a development of the successful B . I and B . II . The pilots downward view was improved by adopting the wing layout of the Nieuport aircraft . The fuselage was similar to the predecessors , semi - monocoque with wooden longerons and formers covered by plywood . The undercarriage was unchanged . Operational history . Some of the following data is incorrect - possibly from D III , not B III The B . III entered service with " Jasta " 11 in January 1917 .
Battle of Kilometer 7 The Battle of Kilometer 7 occurred during the Chaco War between Bolivian forces commanded by Lt Col Bernardino Bilbao Rioja defending Fort Saavedra and Paraguayan forces under Col José Félix Estigarribia , from 7 November 1932 to February 1933 , and ended with a Paraguayan retreat to the northeast towards Gondra , later to be the site of the Battle of Campo Jordán . The Paraguayan initiative , which had belonged to the Paraguayans since the beginning of the siege of Boquerón passed to the Bolivian army until the Second Battle of Nanawa in July .
6th Photographic Squadron The Sixth Photographic Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 311th Photographic Wing . It was inactivated at Jefferson Barracks , Missouri on 1 January 1945 . History . The Sixth Photographic Squadron was formed and activated in early 1942 under the Second Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces . The squadron trained with F - 4 aircraft ( the reconnaissance version of the P - 38 Lightning ) in the northwest United States , however the squadron never reached operational readiness . It was reassigned to HQ Army Air Forces and assigned to administrative duties supporting 1st AAF Motion Picture unit in Culver City , California ( November 1942 – March 1943 ) . It was then reassigned to the Third Air Force under control of HQ USAAF , and based in Colorado Springs , Colorado . ' Sixth photo ' received film from aerial reconnaissance units deployed around the world in combat areas , then using photogrammetric equipment developed detailed maps and charts of foreign areas . The squadron was a very elite , specialized unit in which most personnel had a minimum of 2 years of university education in aerial photography analysis ; also many personnel had backgrounds in cartography and commercial photography and art . The squadron produced many maps of formerly uncharted areas and provided much intelligence information to commanders in deployed combat areas with highly accurate and detailed maps of landing beaches and rear areas held by enemy forces around the world . One project was the maps for Gen . Dolittle ' s raid on Tokyo on 18 April 1942 . In late 1944 the Group was assigned to 311th Photographic Wing and alerted for reassignment to China - Burma - India Theater , however unit never deployed due to difficulties and reluctance in moving large qualtities of sensitive and classified equipment to primitive facilities , plus foreseen inherent difficulties of supporting the unit deployed overseas . The unit was inactivated on 1 January 1945 .
Westland Wallace The Westland Wallace was a British two - seat , general - purpose biplane of the Royal Air Force , developed by Westland as a follow - on to their successful Wapiti . As the last of the inter - war general purpose biplanes , it was used by a number of front line and Auxiliary Air Force Squadrons . Although the pace of aeronautical development caused its rapid replacement in front line service , its useful life was extended into the Second World War with many being converted into target tugs and wireless trainers . In 1933 a Westland Wallace became the first aircraft to fly over Mount Everest , as part of the Houston Mount Everest Expedition . Design and development . In 1931 , Westland produced the PV - 6 , a private - venture development of its successful Wapiti . This updated aircraft embodied a number of improvements including a lengthened fuselage , brakes and wheel spats on the undercarriage and a new engine . By this time both the appearance and performance differed considerably from the standard Wapiti , so the company designated it the " PV6 Wallace . " Compared with the earlier Wapiti , the Wallace was 20 inches ( 0 . 5 m ) longer , incorporated an improved undercarriage and was powered by a 655 hp ( 488 kW ) Bristol Pegasus IV engine . The first batches of MK I Wallaces were conversions of Wapitis , a total of 68 powered by 570 bhp ( 425 kW ) Pegasus IIM3 engines . Westland designed an improved version , the Mk II which fitted with a more powerful engine and the then - novel idea of an enclosed canopy over both crew positions . This offered greater comfort for the crew and improved the rear gunner ' s aim by protecting him from the slipstream . Three Wallace Is ( " K4346 " - " K4348 " ) were later converted to Mk II standards , including fitting the closed canopy . Operational history . The original PV - 6 prototype , registered " G - ACBR " ( and also known as the Houston - Wallace ) along with Westland PV - 3 " G - ACAZ " , was part of the Houston Everest Expedition , named after Lucy , Lady Houston the patron , an attempt to fly over Mount Everest . Both aircraft received modifications that included fitting heating and oxygen equipment , fully enclosing the rear cockpits and using highly supercharged Bristol Pegasus IS 3 engines . Flown by Flight Lieutenant D . F . McIntyre , the two aircraft became the first to fly over Mount Everest on 3 April 1933 . Most of the Wallaces served with the Auxiliary Air Force : 501 , 502 , 503 and 504 squadrons beginning with the converted Wapitis early in 1933 . Others operated with the Anti - Aircraft Co - operation Flight at RAF Biggin Hill . The last Wallace was completed in October 1936 . When withdrawn from the general purpose role , many Wallaces were converted into target tug s . A total of 83 Wallaces remained in service at the beginning of the Second World War . The last were withdrawn in 1943 .
Battle of Woden ' s Burg ( 715 ) The Anglo - Saxon Chronicle records a battle fought in the year 592 at Woden ' s Burg , the neolithic long barrow now known as Adam ' s Grave , near Marlborough , Wiltshire . The entry states : " Her Ine 7 Ceolred fuhton æt Woddes beorge . " ( There Ine and Ceolred fought at Woden ' s hill . ) Ine was king of Anglo - Saxon Wessex and Ceolred was king of Anglo - Saxon Mercia . The identity of the opposing force is not recorded . The Anglo - Saxon Chronicle also records an earlier battle on the same site . The area was of strategic importance since it lay near the intersection of the ancient Ridgeway with Wansdyke .
Edward Ratcliff Edward Ratcliff ( February 8 , 1835 – March 10 , 1915 ) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War and a recipient of America ' s highest military decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions at the Battle of Chaffin ' s Farm . Born as a slave , he was freed when the Union Army took Yorktown . By September 29 , 1864 , Ratcliff was serving as a First Sergeant in Company C of the 38th Regiment U . S . Colored Troops . On that day , his unit participated in the Battle of Chaffin ' s Farm in Virginia , and it was for his actions during the battle that he was awarded the Medal of Honor six months later , on April 6 , 1865 . Ratcliff reached the rank of Sergeant Major before leaving the military . He died at age 80 and was buried in Cheesecake Cemetery , Charles Corner , York County , Virginia . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and Organization : Citation :
195th Ohio Infantry The 195th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 195th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 195th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio and mustered in March 14 through March 20 , 1865 for one year service under the command of Colonel Henry Blackstone Banning . The regiment left Ohio for Harpers Ferry , West Virginia , March 22 – 25 ; then to Winchester , Virginia , and was assigned to Brooks ' Provisional Division , Army of the Shenandoah . Ordered to Alexandria , Virginia , April 28 and served provost duty there until December . The 195th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service December 18 , 1865 at Alexandria , Virginia . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 32 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
No . 65 Squadron RAF No . 65 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force . World War I . The squadron was first formed at Wyton on 1 August 1916 as a squadron of the Royal Flying Corps with a core provided from the training ground at Norwich . By the end of World War I , it had claimed over 200 victories . Thirteen aces had served with it , including John Inglis Gilmour , Joseph White , Maurice Newnham , Thomas Williams , William Harry Bland , Alfred Leitch , Jack Armand Cunningham , Godfrey Brembridge , and George M . Cox . Arthur G . Jones - Williams , who would go on to long - range flight record attempts in 1929 , also served in the squadron . World War II . The squadron reformed in 1934 at RAF Hornchurch with the Hawker Demon , converting to the Gloster Gauntlet in 1936 and the Gloster Gladiator in 1937 . During World War II , the squadron operated Supermarine Spitfires , having converted from Gladiators in 1939 . In December 1943 , the squadron converted to North American Mustang s . For a period of time their Wing Commander was Reg Grant . Post war . In 1946 , the unit converted to the Spitfire LF . XVIe and then the de Havilland Hornet , the Gloster Meteor F . 4 and F . 8 , then the Hawker Hunter F . 6 . at RAF Duxford from ( ? ) until the squadron disbanded in 1961 , and then reformed in 1964 as a surface to air missile unit , operating the Bristol Bloodhound . During this period , it was based at RAF Seletar , Singapore , and it disbanded again in 1970 . It was last disbanded at RAF Coningsby in June 1992 , by re - numbering as No . 56 ( Reserve ) Squadron , after serving as the Operational Conversion Unit for the Tornado F . 2 and F . 3 fighter , with the alternative identity of No . 229 OCU .
Franciszek Alter Franciszek Alter ( born November 22 , 1889 in Lviv - January 23 , 1945 in Garmisch - Partenkirchen ) was a Polish general . Career . Franciszek Alter began his career as an officer in the Austro - Hungarian Army , reaching the rank of captain . He fought in the Polish Army during the Polish - Soviet War . He was promoted to general in March 1939 . During the German invasion of Poland , he commanded the 25th Infantry Division ( part of the Army Poznań ) . His division took part in the battle of Bzura and the defense of Warsaw , where it capitulated on the 28 September . Death . Alter refused to sign the Volksliste , and was imprisoned in the Oflag VII - A Murnau . In the Oflag , he fell ill , and died in early 1945 , on 23 January . Awards . Alter was awarded with the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari , the Knight ' s Cross of the Polonia Restituta , the Cross of Valour ( four times ) and the Cross of Independence .
Combat operations process Combat operations area - process is undertaken by armed forces during military campaign s , major operation s , battle s , and engagement s to facilitate the setting of objectives , direction of combat , and assessment of the operation plan ' s success . The basic model of the combat operations area process includes five phases that seek to acquire targets and objectives , allocate and orient appropriate forces for successful engagement of the enemy , make decisions about doctrinal approach to the engagement , execute the plan by engaging in combat , and conduct post - combat intelligence assessment of the success or failure of the operation ' s plan .
Lev Vasilevsky Lev Vasilevsky , also known as Leonid A . Tarasov , was the KGB Mexico City Illegal Resident during much of the period of the Manhattan Project . In 1943 , Moscow Center of KGB intelligence activities in North America , decided all contacts with J . Robert Oppenheimer , scientific director of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos laboratory , would be through ' illegals ' only . Vasilevsky operating from Mexico City was put in charge of running the illegal network after New York Resident Vasily Zarubin had been recalled to Moscow . Vasilevsky instructions were to control the network from the Mexico City Residentura . Bruno Pontecorvo was the conduit supplying the atomic secrets from Enrico Fermi . Vasilevsky provided Pontecorvo with an escape route through Finland which Pontecorvo used in 1950 after the arrest of Klaus Fuchs . Kitty Harris went to Mexico City in early 1943 to be a courier for Vasilevsky . She was further detailed by Vasilevsky to the Santa Fe drugstore safe house where she coordinated the front ' s clandestine activities . In 1945 , for his work in handling the Fermi line in the United States , Vasilevsky was appointed deputy director of Department S . For a short period in 1947 he was the director of the department of scientific and technological intelligence in the Committee of Information ( KI ) . In November 1945 , when the Soviet atomic bomb project was having difficulty starting its first nuclear reactor . Yakov Terletsky of the Soviet project and Vasilevsky travelled to Denmark to seek the advice of Niels Bohr , another veteran of the World War II Manhattan project .
John G . Sproston John Glendy Sproston ( 14 August 1828 – 8 June 1862 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Civil War . He was killed in action in a riverine action in Florida . Biography . John G . Sproston was born in Maryland . He was the eldest son of George Saxon Sproston , a U . S . naval surgeon , and Jane Glendy , a daughter of the Rev John Glendy , former Chaplain of the United States Senate . He was appointed to the Naval Academy in 1846 . He subsequently served with the Pacific Squadron during the war with Mexico . In 1854 , Sproston voyaged to Japan with the Perry ( Matthew Calbraith Perry ) Expedition . During the Civil War , he served as commanding officer of " Powhatan " and as executive officer of " Seneca " . On 1 November 1861 , during the Battle of Port Royal , Sproston personally fired many of the 11 - inch guns on board " Seneca " as the crew was new and untrained . Lt . Sproston was killed on 8 June 1862 , while on a boat expedition to destroy a Confederate privateer in the St . Johns River in Florida . Both John Sproston and his father are buried in Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore , Maryland . Namesakes . USS " Sproston " ( DD - 173 ) and USS " Sproston " ( DD - 577 ) were named for him .
8th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry The 8th Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 8th Kentucky Cavalry was organized at Russellville , Kentucky and mustered in for one year on August 13 , 1862 . It mustered in under the command of Colonel James Murrell Shackelford . The regiment was attached to District of Louisville , Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to November 1862 . It was unattached at Bowling Green , District of Western Kentucky , Department of the Ohio , to June 1863 ; attached to the 1st Brigade , 2nd Division , XXIII Corps , Army of the Ohio , to August 1863 ; unassigned , at Bowling Green , Kentucky ; and attached to the 1st Division , XXIII Corps , to September 1863 . The 8th Kentucky Cavalry mustered out of service on September 23 , 1863 . Detailed service . Duty at Russellville , Bowling Green and Hopkinsville , Ky . , District of West Kentucky , and at Clarksville , Tenn . , operating against guerrillas , until September 1863 . Actions at Morganfield , Ky . , August 3 , 1862 . Madisonville August 25 . Morganfield September 1 . Geiger ' s Lake September 3 . Near Madisonville September 4 . Ashbysburg September 25 . Henderson County November 1 . Greenville Road November 5 . Garrettsburg November 6 . Rural Hill , Tenn . , November 18 . Near Nashville , Tenn . , January 28 , 1863 . Expedition from Bowling Green , Ky . , to Tennessee State Line May 2 – 6 . Operations against Morgan July 2 – 26 . Buffington ' s Island , Ohio , July 19 . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 117 men during service ; 1 officer and 8 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 4 officers and 104 enlisted men died of disease .