naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Norfolk Packet ( 1848 ) USS " Norfolk Packet " was a large schooner purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War . She was assigned to gunship duty in the inland waterways of the Confederate States of America . Purchase . Schooner " Norfolk Packet " was purchased by the Navy from George Goodspeed of New York City 10 September 1861 ; altered for naval service by J . Engles ; and commissioned 7 February 1862 at the New York Navy Yard , Lt . Watson Smith in command . Mississippi River mortar fleet . The schooner was assigned to the Mortar Flotilla assembled under Comdr . David Dixon Porter for Flag Officer David Farragut ’ s attack on New Orleans , Louisiana . The Flotilla arrived in the Mississippi River 18 March ; and , after eight days of arduous work in getting the larger vessels of the Fleet over the bars , was ready for action . The Flotilla moved into position on 16 April and the mortars opened fire on Forts Jackson and St . Philip which protected New Orleans from attack by sea . From 16 until 24 April the mortar schooners bombarded the Confederate works . On the night of the 24th , Farragut ’ s deep draft ships raked the forts and the next day New Orleans surrendered . Vicksburg . " Norfolk Packet " bombarded Vicksburg , Mississippi 27 June through 8 July 1862 supporting Farragut during his run past the batteries to meet Flag Officer Davis ’ s Western Flotilla . Following this operation the schooner sailed to Baltimore , Maryland , for repairs . South Atlantic blockade . " Norfolk Packet " was next assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron , and arrived Port Royal , South Carolina , 7 November 1862 . For the rest of the war , she blockaded the Confederate coast operating in the coastal waters of South Carolina , Georgia , and Florida . She participated in the bombardment of Fort McAllister , Georgia . 3 March 1863 ; captured schooner " Ocean Bird " off St . Augustine Inlet , Florida . 23 October ; assisted " Beauregard " in capturing British schooner " Linda " attempting to slip into Mosquito Inlet , Florida . 11 March 1864 . She took sloop " Sarah Mary " 26 June . Decommissioning and disposal . After fighting stopped , " Norfolk Packet " departed Port Royal , South Carolina , 23 June 1865 , decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard , 12 July , and was sold at public auction 10 August .
Battle of Cap de la Roque The Battle of Cap de la Roque was a naval battle that took place on May 22 , 1703 between a Dutch convoy protected by captain Roemer Vlack and a French squadron under Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon , during the War of the Spanish Succession . During this war the French and Spanish fleet could not face the English and Dutch in an open sea battle and therefore had switched to privateering . The allies were thus forced to protect their merchant convoys . On May 21 , 1703 a large merchant fleet consisting of about 110 English and Dutch ships transporting mainly salt , but also wine and sugar , left Lisbon for England . There were five escorting Dutch ships : line ships Muiderberg ( 50 ) , Gaesterland ( 46 ) and Schermer ( ? ) and frigats Rotterdam ( 34 ) and Rozendaal ( 36 ) under command of captain Roemer Vlacq on board the Muiderberg . The next day near Cabo da Roca ( fr : Cap de la Roque ) they encountered the squadron of Coëtlogon composed of five larger warships : " Vainqueur " ( 88 ) , " Monarque " ( 86 to 94 ) , " Éole " ( 64 ) , " Orgueilleux " ( 80 ) and " Couronne " ( 82 ) . Vlack , after signalling the merchantmen to save themselves , lined up his ships to protect the fleet and engaged the French . The Dutch fought valiantly but the French were too strong and ship after ship had to capitulate . Vlack and the Muiderberg fought on until half of the crew was dead or wounded . Vlack lost an arm and part of his shoulder , but he only surrendered when the main mast came down and the ship was on the point of sinking . The survivors were evacuated and what was left of the Muiderberg was burnt and sank . Thanks to the sacrifice of Vlacq , the convoy got away intact , meaning this Dutch defeat had little impact on the cause of the Grand Alliance . Vlacq , his men and the four ships were taken to Toulon , were Vlacq died of his wounds on July 17 , 1703 . Alternative name . This battle is sometimes called " The Battle of the Bay of Biscay " , but this is geographical not correct , as Cabo da Roca is situated in the southern part of Portugal .
388th Electronic Combat Squadron The 388th Electronic Combat Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with the 366th Fighter Wing , based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island , Washington as a Geographically Separated Unit ( GSU ) . History . Established in early 1942 as a light bomb squadron , equipped with A - 24 Banshees , although equipped with export model A - 31 Vengeance dive bombers for training . Trained under Third Air Force in the southeast United States , also used for antisubmarine patrols over the Atlantic southeast coast and then Gulf of Mexico . Deployed to Southern California in early 1943 to the Desert Warfare Center , trained in light bombing while supporting Army maneuvers in the Mojave Desert until October . Re - equipped with North American A - 36 Apache dive bombers and deployed to New Guinea as part of Fifth Air Force . In the Southwest Pacific the squadron attacked Japanese strong points and tactical positions and targets of opportunity in support of MacArthur ' s campaign along the north coast of New Guinea ; then advancing into the Netherlands East Indies and Philippines as part of the Island Hopping campaign . Re - equipped with P - 40s ; then later A - 20 Havocs . Engaged in heavy fighting on Lete ; Mindoro and Luzon in the Philippines during 1944 - 1945 . The squadron moved to Okinawa in mid - August and after the Atomic Bomb missions had been flown ; remained on Okinawa until December until returning to the United States with most personnel demobilizing . It was inactivated as a paper unit on January 6 , 1946 . The squadron was reactivated as a B - 29 Superfortress unit in the reserves in 1947 , but lack of funding and personnel led to rapid inactivation . Transferred to Tactical Air Command in the mid - 1950s and activated first with F - 68 Sabres , then F - 100 Super Sabres in 1958 . Inactivated in 1959 when its parent 312th TFW was inactivated and re - designated as the 27th TFW . Personnel and equipment of the squadron were re - designated as the 524th Tactical Fighter Squadron . Reactivated in 1977 as an F - 111A training squadron ; inactivated 1979 . Reactivated in 1981 as an EF - 111A Raven electronic warfare aircraft ; inactivated 1982 . Reactivated in 2004 flying Naval EA - 6B prowler electronic warfare aircraft . It inactivated in 2010 , replaced by the 390th Electronic Combat Squadron .
USS E - 1 ( SS - 24 ) USS " E - 1 " ( SS - 24 ) was an " E " - class submarine of the United States Navy . Originally named Skipjack , the boat was launched on 27 May 1911 by the Fore River Shipyard , Quincy , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Mrs . D . R . Battles ; renamed " E - 1 " on 17 November 1911 ; and commissioned on 14 February 1912 , Lieutenant Chester W . Nimitz in command . Service history . Six days after commissioning , " E - 1 " sailed from Boston for Norfolk via Newport and New York . Off the Virginia Capes , she underwent tests through April . Her engines were overhauled at New London , and she began operations off southern New England . On 28 September , she arrived at New York Navy Yard for alterations , repairs , and installation of a Sperry gyrocompass , for which she became a pioneer underwater test ship . She also experimented with submerged radio transmission . " E - 1 " conducted tests of these and other important developments under the direction of Commander , Submarine Flotilla , Atlantic Fleet , Lieutenant Nimitz . Throughout his career , the latter played a progressive and leading role in the incorporation into the Navy of the vast scientific and technological developments of this century , many of them pioneered by the Navy . On 14 October " E - 1 " proudly passed in review with the fleet in the North River before Secretary of the Navy George von L . Meyer . " E - 1 " continued important experimental development and training with the Atlantic Fleet for the next five years until 4 December 1917 , when she left Newport for the Azores and different duty . From 12 January 1918 , she patrolled between Ponta Delgada and Horta , protecting the islands from German attack and use as a haven by U - boat s . She returned to New London on 17 September . After overhaul , " E - 1 " trained new submariners and tested experimental listening gear . Placed in commission in reserve on 20 March 1920 , " E - 1 " arrived at Norfolk on 22 April . There she was placed in commission in ordinary on 18 July 1921 , and on 17 September sailed for Philadelphia , where she was decommissioned on 20 October and sold on 19 April 1922 .
Edwin R . Chess Edwin Ralph Chess ( February 12 , 1913 – June 12 , 2000 ) is a former Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force . Biography . Born in Chicago , Illinois in 1913 , Edwin R . Czeslawski AKA Chess was an ordained Roman Catholic priest . He attended Saint Mary of the Lake Seminary and DePaul University . In 1962 , he was given the title of Monsignor by Pope John XXIII . Career . Chess was originally commissioned an officer in the United States Army Reserve in 1942 . He would serve in World War II with the 47th Bombardment Group , the 57th Bombardment Wing and the Twelfth Air Force . In 1946 , he was released from active duty . In 1948 , Chess was recalled to active duty as a member of the United States Air Force . During the Korean War , he served with the 67th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing and the Fifth Air Force . Later in his career , Chess was named Command Chaplain of the U . S . Air Force Security Service before becoming Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force in 1961 . He was promoted to Chief of Chaplains and achieved the rank of Major General in 1966 . Chess remained Chief of Chaplains until his retirement in 1970 . Awards he received include the Bronze Star Medal , the Air Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters . Chess died in 2000 at the Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio , Texas . He had Parkinson ' s disease .
Battle of Prague ( 1648 ) The Battle of Prague between 25 July and 1 November 1648 was the last action of the Thirty Years ' War . General Hans Christoff von Königsmarck , commanding Sweden ' s flying column , entered the city , defended by the Governor Feldmarshall Rodolfo ( Rudolph ) Colloredo Mels und Wallsee , a former Wallenstein ' s general , and a veteran of the siege of Mantua and of the battle of Lutzen and captured Prague Castle on the western bank of the Vltava river . The Swedes attempted to enter the Old Town on the eastern bank of the river , but were repulsed on the Charles Bridge by Colloredo ' men . When a third Swedish army commanded by Prince Carl Gustaf came close to Prague , all three Swedish armies launched a number of attacks against the city which thanks to the energy of Feldmarshall Colloredo and their citizen soldiers , including Jews and students of the Academic Legion , and strong fortifications resisted . When in November Carl Gustaf received a report about the signed Peace , he ordered his troops to leave . Unable to enter the city , the Swedes settled for looting the Castle . Many of the treasures collected by Emperor Rudolf II ( such as the Codex Gigas and Codex Argenteus ) were taken to Sweden , whereof some can be found in Drottningholm Palace . A monument erected during the 19th century on Colloredo ' s tomb in the Maltese Order Church in Prague remind his victory over the Swedish : HIER RUHT RUDOLF GRAF COLLOREDO K . K . FELDMARSCHALL UND MALTHESERORDER GROSSPRIOR Vertheididiger der Alt und Neusstad Prags gegen die Schweden Geb . Am 2 Nov . 1585 Gest . Am 27 Jan . 1657 . ( " Here lies Rudolf , count Colloredo , Imperial and Royal Feldmarshall and Grand Prior of the Order of Malta , defender of the Old and New Town of Prague against the Swedes . Born 2 . Nov . 1585 Dead 27 Jan . 1657 " ) On Charles Bridge a 17th - century Latin inscription says : SISTE VIATOR , SED LUBENS , AC VOLENS UBI SISTERE DEBUIT , SED COACTUS GOTHORUM , AC VANDALORUM FUROR " Rest here , walker , and be happy : you can stop here willing , but unwilling were stopped the Goths ( Swedes ) and their Vandalic ferocity " The battle was referenced in Sabaton ' s song " 1648 " .
XXI Corps ( German Empire ) The XXI Army Corps / XXI AK ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army , before and during World War I . As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th Century and early part of the 20th Century , the XXI Army Corps was set up on 1 October 1912 in Saarbrücken as the " Generalkommando " ( headquarters ) for the districts of Koblenz , Trier and part of Alsace - Lorraine . It took over command of 31st Division from XV Corps and the newly formed 42nd Division ( the last division to be formed by the peacetime army ) . General der Infanterie Fritz von Below , former commander of 1st Guards Division , took command . It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate . but joined the predominantly Bavarian 6th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 5th Army , " Heeresgruppe " Gallwitz on the Western Front . Peacetime organisation . The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army ( Guards , I - XXI , I - III Bavarian ) had a reasonably standardised organisation . Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades , one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each . Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type , so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry , 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments . There were exceptions to this rule : Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units . This could include one or more World War I . Organisation on mobilisation . On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured . 42nd Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 7th Cavalry Division and the 31st Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units . Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters . Unusually , the Corps retained its 9th infantry regiment on mobilisation . In summary , XXI Corps mobilised with 27 infantry battalions , 9 machine gun companies ( 54 machine guns ) , 8 cavalry squadrons , 24 field artillery batteries ( 144 guns ) , 4 heavy artillery batteries ( 16 guns ) , 3 pioneer companies , and an aviation detachment . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , XXI Corps was assigned to the predominately Bavarian 6th Army forming part of the left wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 on the Western Front . By 1915 it was on the Eastern Front where it took part in the siege of Kovno and the battles on the Neman River and at Vilnius . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 5th Army , " Heeresgruppe " Gallwitz on the Western Front . Commanders . The XXI Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Dancon March Dancon March DANCON is short for Danish Contingent and the march has been a tradition with the Danish Defence since 1972 when the Royal Danish Army was deployed on Cyprus . The march invites foreign troops , allied with Denmark , to participate in the 25 or 100 km march . Apart from Cyprus , Dancon marches have taken place in Kosovo , Iraq , Afghanistan , Lebanon , Eritrea and the Gulf of Aden .
441 Tactical Fighter Squadron 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron was a unit of the Canadian Forces . It was originally formed as a unit of the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) during the Second World War . The squadron operated the McDonnell Douglas CF - 18 Hornet fighter jet from CFB Cold Lake in Alberta , Canada . It was deactivated in 2006 . History . No . 125 ( Fighter ) Squadron was formed on April 20 , 1942 at Sydney , Nova Scotia and flew Hurricanes as part of Eastern Air Command . It was renumbered No . 441 Fighter Squadron when it transferred overseas to Digby , Lincolnshire , England , on February 8 , 1944 . It was based in England , France , and Belgium throughout the Second World War . When the squadron returned to England it was disbanded on August 7 , 1945 . 441 Squadron reformed at RCAF Station St . Hubert on March 1 , 1951 and went to 1 Wing , then located at RAF North Luffenham on February 13 , 1952 . The squadron was temporarily situated at 3 Wing Zweibrücken on December 21 , 1954 , before moving to their intended destination , RCAF Station Marville , France . They were deactivated on September 1 , 1963 at Marville and then reactivated as 441 Strike / Attack squadron on September 15 , 1963 , then moved with 1 Wing to Canadian Forces Base Lahr in April 1967 . In 1971 the squadron moved to CFB Baden - Soellingen and changed its name to 441 Tactical Fighter Squadron . They disbanded again in 1986 and then finally reformed at 4 Wing Cold Lake on June 26 , 1986 . On July 6 , 2006 , 441 Squadron was once again stood down , and its crew amalgamating with 416 Tactical Fighter Squadron at CFB Cold Lake and re - formed as 409 Tactical Fighter Squadron . The squadron ' s colours and battle honours were placed in Sydney , Nova Scotia , where it first operated .
William M . Steele Lieutenant General William Michael Steele commanded the U . S . Army , Pacific from July 1996 to October 1998 . A native of Atlanta , Georgia , he graduated from The Citadel in 1967 and earned a Master of Arts in Management from Webster University in St . Louis . His military education includes the National War College . In Vietnam Steele served from 1969 to 1970 as battalion advisor for the 23rd Ranger Battalion and as operations advisor for the 2nd Ranger Group . Promoted to brigadier general in 1990 , his major command assignments include serving as Deputy Commanding General of the US Army Infantry Center , Commanding General of the 82nd Airborne Division and Commanding General of the U . S . Army Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas . Other major duty assignments for Steele were Assistant Division Commander for the 8th Infantry Division in Germany from 1990 to 1991 and Deputy Commandant for the U . S . Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth . Prior to coming to Hawaii , he served as Director for Operations for the U . S . Atlantic Command in Norfolk , Virginia . He is currently a member of The Citadel Board of Visitors . General Steele retired on 30 September 2001 .
3rd Mountain Infantry Division Ravenna The 3rd Mountain Infantry Division ( " Ravenna " ) was a mountain infantry division of the Italian Army during World War II . The Ravenna Division was mobilized for war in October 1939 . They were part of the Italian III Corps , First Army during the Italian invasion of France . They also took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia as part of the Italian XI Corps . The division was one of the twelve divisions that served on the Eastern Front as part of the Italian Army in Russia . The division was destroyed in Operation Little Saturn , the Red Army ' s offensive operation which consisted of a pincer movement which threatened to cut off the forces attempting to reach Stalingrad . The 1st Guards Army and the 3rd Guards Army attacked from the north , encircling 130 , 000 soldiers of the Italian 8th Army on the Don and advancing to Millerovo . The division was reforming in Italy , when Italy surrendered in September 1943 , it then surrendered to the Germans . Mountain divisions are not to be confused with the " Alpini " specialized mountain troops . The mountain divisions had pack horse artillery instead of the usual towed type . Commander . Edoardo Nebbia
66th Infantry Regiment ( Imperial Japanese Army ) The 66th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army . The regiment was attached to the 127th Infantry Brigade of the 114th Division and participated during the Second Sino - Japanese War . It was later reassigned to the 51st Division and during the later stages of World War II , the regiment was in New Guinea , as part of the Japanese Eighteenth Army .
Chase XC - 123A The Chase XC - 123A was an experimental transport aircraft developed by Chase Aircraft . The first jet - powered transport built for the United States Air Force , it was intended for use as a high - speed transport for high - priority cargo and personnel . The XC - 123A was determined to have insufficient advantages over existing types in service , and did not go into production . Design and development . In the late 1940s , Chase Aircraft had developed the XG - 20 , the largest glider ever built in the United States . By the time it was ready for operations , however , U . S . military doctrine had been altered to remove the requirement for the use of transport gliders in combat . However , the XG - 20 ' s aircraft had been designed to allow for the easy installation of powerplants , and Chase modified the two prototypes into powered aircraft , one becoming the XC - 123 , with twin piston engines . The second XG - 20 , however , was taken in hand for a more radical reconfiguration , being fitted with two twin - jet engine pods , of the type used by the Convair B - 36 and Boeing B - 47 bombers , to become the XC - 123A . As there was no provision for housing fuel in the former glider ' s wings , fuel tanks were installed underneath the cabin floor . Operational history . Dubbed " Avitruc " by its manufacturer , the XC - 123A conducted its maiden flight on April 21 , 1951 , becoming the first jet - powered transport aircraft to successfully fly in the United States . It was considered " excellent " in flight trials , with the aircraft showing few vices , and demonstrating reasonably good short - field capability . Despite this , even as the XC - 123 proved successful , the XC - 123A failed to win sufficient favor in flight testing to receive a production order . Although the aircraft ' s short - field performance was good , on rough , unimproved fields the low - slung jet pods would suck debris into the intakes , damaging the engines . In addition , the aircraft ' s design was mismatched to its engines , resulting in the XC - 123A being incapable of providing sufficient cargo capacity compared to the amount of fuel its jet engines required . As a result , the XC - 123A project was abandoned without additional aircraft being built . Following the conclusion of trials , the XC - 123A was converted to be powered by two Pratt & Whitney R - 2800 radial engines , and was used for boundary layer control trials as the Stroukoff YC - 123D , receiving serial number 53 - 8068 .