naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of 42nd Street The Battle of 42nd Street , was a battle during World War II on the Greek island of Crete . After Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete under the codename Unternehmen Merkur ( " Operation Mercury " ) , the German forces were bayonet charged by a rearguard of retreating Australian and New Zealand forces south - east of Canea . Background . Canea , a town on the north coast of Crete , was important to the military defense of Crete . British and Commonwealth forces had been forced out of Greece by the Germans and had retreated to Crete . While there were between 27 , 000 – 28 , 000 troops in Crete to defend it , most were only lightly armed because the heavier equipment had been left in Greece . Although the Germans were able to dominate the skies , the British Royal Navy had control of the sea . The German plan was to use paratrooper s and glider s to send forces down by air . Geography . The unsealed road ran from Hania to Tsikslaria lined with olive trees running south from the main coastal road from Hania to Souda bay . The road was lower than the surrounding land and had a raised embankment on its western side . The road was nicknamed after the 42nd Field Company of the Royal Engineers , however known locally as Tsikalarion Road . Before the battle . The weakened Australian 2 / 7th and 2 / 8th Battalion s , supported by the New Zealand 21st , 28th , 19th , 22nd and 23rd Battalions , took up positions along 42nd Street . The Anzac units were manned at less than 50 percent of their normal strength . The offensive . The 1st Battalion of the 141st Gebirgsjager Regiment were seen approaching 42nd Street . C and D companies of the Australian 2 / 7th Battalion charged the Germans , on their flank . The New Zealand 28th ( Maori ) Battalion also joined in the charge , followed by the other battalions . The charge resulted in the Germans retreating over 1500 metres . Over 280 Germans and four Australians died during the charge . Aftermath . That afternoon , German forces were seen moving to the south - west on the flanks of the mountains trying to encircle the Anzacs . The Anzac troops withdrew joining the columns retreating south .
USCGC Itasca ( 1929 ) The USCGC " Itasca " was a Lake - class cutter of the United States Coast Guard launched on 16 November 1929 and commissioned 12 July 1930 . " Itasca " performed Bering Sea patrols ; but is most remembered as the " picket ship " that would provide air navigation and radio links for Amelia Earhart when she made her 1937 attempt to fly around the world . " Itasca " , stationed at Howland Island , tried to keep in radio contact with her . However , due to a series of misunderstandings or mishaps ( the details of which are still controversial ) , two - way radio contact was never established . " Itasca " was decommissioned on lend lease to the United Kingdom where she received a name change , becoming HMS " Gorleston " ( Y92 ) after the East Anglian port of Gorleston on 30 May 1941 . " Gorleston " was equipped with Type 286M Radar after arrival in England ; and was assigned to the 40th Escort Group escorting trade convoys between England and Sierra Leone with sister ships and , Lend - Lease destroyer and . After escorting convoys OS 4 , SL 87 , OS 10 , SL 93 , OS 12 , SL 95 , OS 17 , SL 100 , OS 22 , SL 106 , OS 28 , SL 112 , OS 34 and SL 118 on this eastern Atlantic route , " Gorleston " made a trip to Iceland escorting convoys DS 33 and SD 33 , and escorted convoys KMF 3 , MKF 3 , KMF 5 , MKF 5 , KMF 7 and MKF 7 between England and the Mediterranean Sea in support of Operation Torch . " Gorleston " was then assigned to the 42nd Escort Group with sister ship , s and , and sloops and escorting tanker convoys UC 1 and CU 1 . " Gorlestone " then resumed escorting eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean convoys until refit in Wales in December 1943 . After refit , " Gorleston " escorted eastern Mediterranean convoys from March 1944 until assigned to the Kilindini Escort Force in August 1944 . " Gorleston " escorted Arabian Sea convoys until transferred to Colombo in June 1945 . " Gorleston " spent the remainder of the war escorting Bay of Bengal convoys in support of Operation Zipper . " Gorleston " was returned to the United States on 23 April 1946 and redesignated USCGC " Itasca " until scrapped in 1950 .
Nejd Expedition The Egyptian Attack on Nejd 1817 - 1818 was a series of military conflicts waged by Egypt on behalf of the Ottoman Empire from 1817 - 1818 . It was part of the Ottoman – Saudi War that lasted from 1811 to 1818 . The campaign of 1817 / 8 was led by Ibrahim Pasha , with the goal of capturing Diriyah and to end the First Saudi State by the order of the Ottoman sultan Mahmud II . About 30 , 000 soldiers started from Hnakiyah to the west of Medina , having captured the village of Mawiyah in November 1817 , then Al - Rass , Al - Khabra , Unaizah and Buraidah in December 1817 , they reached Dir ' iyyah in April 1818 . After a siege of several months Abdullah bin Saud finally surrendered September 9 , 1818 .
Gochi - in no Tajima , called " Tajima the arrow - cutter " , was a warrior monk from Mii - dera who fought alongside the Minamoto clan forces , and many of his fellow Mii - dera monks at the Battle of Uji in 1180 . The bridge over the Uji River was torn up by Tajima ' s fellow " sōhei " , but the attacking Taira forces were still firing arrows , and were still threatening to cross the river . Tajima is said to have stood upon the bridge and , spinning his naginata , deflected many if not most of the arrows that came his way . According to the " Heike Monogatari " , " Then Gochi - in Tajima , throwing away the sheath of his long naginata , strode forth alone on to the bridge , whereupon the Heike straightaway shot at him fast and furious . Tajima , not at all perturbed , ducking to avoid the higher ones and leaping up over those that flew low , cut through those that flew straight with his whirring naginata , so that even the enemy looked on in admiration . Thus it was that he was dubbed ' Tajima the arrow - cutter ' . " " According to the Tale of Heike text , Tajima was listed as one of the samurai supporters of prince Mochihito , and not as a warrior monk , as he appears in most of the English sources . "
Daewoo Precision Industries K3 Daewoo Precision Industries K3 was the third indigenous firearm developed in Republic of Korea by the Agency for Defense Development , following the Daewoo Precision Industries K1 submachine gun and Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle . The K3 is inspired by FN Minimi and the United States - issued M249 Squad Automatic Weapon . It is manufactured by Daewoo Precision Industries , current S & T Motiv . The K3 is capable of firing both 5 . 56x45mm NATO and . 223 Remington rounds like the K2 assault rifle , but use of . 223 Remington will decrease its effectiveness in performance . The K3 light machine gun entered service since 1989 , replacing M60 machine gun from frontline use . Description . The K3 is a light machine gun resembling the FN Minimi and uses a standard 5 . 56 mm NATO cartridge . Its greatest advantage is that it is lighter than the M60 and can interchange cartridges with both the K1A and K2 . The feed can come from either a 30 - round box magazine or a 200 - round metal link belt . It can be used with a bipod for the Squad Automatic role , and fitted with a tripod for sustained fire support . The rear sight is adjustable for elevation and windage , and the foresight can be adjusted for elevation for zeroing . The barrel has a built - in carry handle for ease of changing the barrel . The gun is gas operated , with a rotating bolt . The weapon system was not designed for customization , due to the fact that most soldiers of the Korean military will not see extended use of their weapons . Foreign sales . One example of the K3 was purchased by South Africa in 2006 , and two examples were purchased by Thailand in the same year . A controversy broke out 2007 in the Philippines when the country ' s Armed Forces initially selected the FN Minimi rather than picking the K3 or the 5 . 56 mm Ultimax from Singapore . The AFP ' s Modernization Program was attacked for showing favoritism towards a Western firearms company over Asian arms manufacturers . Ultimately , 5 , 883 K3s were acquired by the Philippine Army for their SAW requirement . They , and 603 newly delivered Kia KM450 trucks , were first shown in public on February 18 , 2008 .
Robert MacTier Robert Mactier VC ( 17 May 1890 – 1 September 1918 ) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . On 1 September 1918 , Mactier was a Battalion runner with 23rd Battalion AIF at the Battle of Mont St Quentin . He was sent forward by an officer to determine the cause of a delay in the Battalion moving into its jumping off position . The cause was a well placed enemy machine gun . On his own initiative , Mactier jumped out of the trench and charged the gun , killing its crew of six . He then charged two other machine guns , killing more crews and causing at least 40 enemy to surrender . He was killed by fire from a fourth machine gun , but not before enabling his Battalion to form up on time . Mactier ' s actions have been described as " " a remarkable one - man offensive " " . Early life . Robert Mactier was born at Tatura on 17 May 1890 , the seventh of ten children of Robert and Christina Mactier of " Reitcam " ( " Mactier " spelt backwards ) , a nearby property . He went to school locally , and later worked on his father ' s properties until he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force at Seymour on 1 March 1917 . He sailed from Melbourne with the other 151 Victorians of 23rd Battalion , 19th Reinforcement aboard HMAT A11 " Ascanius " on 11 May . He arrived in France on 14 November , and joined the Battalion on 23 November . He fought in all of the Battalion ' s subsequent battles until his death , including at Albert , where he was gassed , Hamel and the August Offensive . Victoria Cross action . He was 28 years old , and a Private in the 23rd Battalion when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . The full citation for the Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement to the " London Gazette " on 13 December 1918 : Mactier was buried nearby but was later reinterred in the Hem Farm cemetery . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Australian War Memorial , Canberra , Australia . Honours and awards . Mactier has been commemorated in numerous ways . In his home town of Tatura , there is a stained glass window in St Andrews Church dedicated to the memory of Mactier and his parents . The Robert Mactier VC Memorial Garden , commonly known as Mactier Park , is also named after him . In 1963 the Soldiers ' club at Simpson Barracks , Watsonia , Victoria was named the " Mactier VC Club " in his honour . It also holds a bust of him by Wallace Anderson . His name is recorded on panel 99 of the Roll of Honour in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial .
Ernest Charles Ashton Lieutenant - General Ernest Charles Ashton CB CMG VD ( 1873 – 1957 ) was a Canadian soldier and Chief of the General Staff , the head of the Canadian Army from 1935 until 21 November 1938 . He retired from the Canadian Army in 1941 . Military career . Ashton was commissioned as a provisional second lieutenant in the Dufferin Rifles in 1893 . Promoted to captain in 1895 , major in 1902 and lieutenant colonel in 1907 , he was became Commanding Officer of the Dufferin Rifles that year . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 36 Battalion Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914 at the start of World War I . He went on to be Commanding Officer of 9th Reserve Canadian Infantry Brigade in 1915 . Promoted to brigadier in 1917 , he became Commander of 15th Canadian Infantry Brigade that year . Promoted to major - general in 1918 , he became Adjutant General of the Canadian Army . He went on to be Quartermaster General in 1920 , Commander Military District 2 in 1930 and Commander Military District 11 in 1933 . In 1935 he was selected to be Chief of the General Staff and in 1939 he became Inspector - General of Military Forces in Canada . He retired in 1941 . He was appointed a Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in January 1918 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in June 1935 .
Fritz - X Bomb The Fritz - X Bomb was a guided glide bomb , developed by the company Ruhrstahl from 1938 to attack armored ships . It was first used in 1943 , sinking the Italian battleship Roma . Had some other successes , but because of its short range and the fact of having to be guided by radio while the plane was watching the target , it enabled measurements of electronic warfare , and especially with defense fighters , become inefficient . Even so it was used on land , against bridges in the final months of the war . Technical structure . The Fritz X was based on a Bomb type SD 1400 ( Splitterbombe , dickwandig , 1400 kg ) developed . It got one now aerodynamic conveniently designed tip , four stubby wings with a wingspan of 1 . 40 m and a box Tail . A Centrifugal control served to stabilize the longitudinal axis and a Fernlenkempfänger to control the Height and Aileron . Was controlled by the missile carrier aircraft from more than one Radio remote control in the VHF frequency range . It was the bombardier , the Weapon a so - called " command encoder with a flexibly mounted Lenkstab ( Joystick ) Always keep the goal in coverage . This had the disadvantage that - in contrast to how the glide bomb Henschel Hs 293 - The goal had to be flown over . The dropping height was 4000 - 7000 meters . At the rear , inside the four tail light sentences were appropriate , were used as an aid in the target control . The color of the light sentences was chosen to differentiate the bombardier in the air , the Fritz X was . When the bombing attempt Fritz X met in a target range of 5 × 5 meters . History of development and deployment . Dipl . - Ing . Max Kramer of the DVL experimented since the late 1930 Remote - controlled free - falling bombs of years with 250 kg mass . In 1940 , the Ruhr Steel AG in the development included , as they already had experience in the development and production of unguided bombs . The " Fritz X " came on 29 August 1943 to the troops . On 9 September 1943 was the Air force their greatest success with this weapon won : After Truce the Allies with Italy ran the Italian Fleet from La Spezia out and took on course Malta In order to surrender to the Allies . Twelve fighters Dornier Do 217 III . Group of 100 Fighter Wing under Major Bernhard Jope , Started with one " Fritz X " on board to attack the Federation . The Italian Battleship the Littorio class " RN Roma ( 1942 ) " Flagship of the Italian fleet , received two hits and sank after an explosion of the ammunition chamber . Ten man died in 1455 , including the Admiral Carlo Bergamini . The sister ship " RN Italia " was damaged . The final entries with the Fritz X were made in April 1945 against the Oder bridge . Other vessels in the course of the war of " Fritz X " were damaged or sunk , were : A total of about 2 , 500 cases bombs were built .
Marksmanship Medal The Marksmanship Medal is a decoration of the United States Navy and the Coast Guard and is the highest award one may receive for weapons qualification . The Marksmanship Medal is the equivalent of the Expert Marksmanship Badge in the United States Army and Marine Corps . The Marksmanship Medal is awarded for qualifying as an expert marksman on either the 9 mm M9 pistol ( Navy ) , . 40 S & W SIG P229 DAK ( Coast Guard ) , or M16 rifle . To qualify at the expert level , a superior score must be obtained on an approved weapons qualification course . The standard weapons qualification course for pistol normally consists of several courses of fire from strong - side supported ( standing ) , weak - side supported ( standing ) , strong - side supported ( kneeling ) . For the rifle , qualification course consists of firing from a position sitting on your back foot and from a prone position . Those qualifying as an expert marksman are authorized to wear the Marksmanship Medal , awarded as two separate decorations for rifle or pistol qualifications . Those having qualified on both pistol and rifle may receive both medals for simultaneous wear . The Marksmanship Medal is worn as a full - sized medal on a dress uniform . On a duty uniform all successful qualifiers may wear the award as the standard Marksmanship Ribbon . Those qualifying as an expert are authorized to affix the Expert Device and those qualifying as a sharpshooter are authorized a bronze device in shape of an " S " on their ribbon . The Navy Marksmanship Medals were first issued in 1969 .
Wanda Krahelska - Filipowicz Wanda Krahelska - Filipowicz ( 1886 - 1968 ) code name “ Alinka " ” or “ Alicja ” , was a leading figure in Warsaw ' s underground resistance movement throughout the years of German occupation during World War II in Poland . As the well - connected wife of a former ambassador to Washington , she used her contacts with both the military and political leadership of the Polish Underground to materially influence the underground ' s policy of aiding Poland ' s Jewish population during the war . Early on , Krahelska - Filipowicz used her influence to persuade the Government in Exile , including members of the Delegatura and its military counterpart , the AK , of the importance of setting up a central organization to help Poland ' s Jews , and to back the policy with significant funding . Krahelska - Filipowicz also personally sheltered Jewish individuals in her own home early during the German occupation . Among the refugees was the widow of the Jewish historian Szymon Aszkenazy . A Catholic Socialist activist and a devout Democrat , she was the editor of the Polish art magazine " Arkady " . In the pre - World War I partitioned Poland , on 18 August 1906 , at the age of twenty she took part in an assassination attempt on the Russian governor - general of Warsaw , Georgi Skalon . She threw three ' dynamite bombs ' on the governor ' s coach ; two did explode and slightly injured three persons in governor ' s entourage . Afterwards , she fled to Cracow in Austrian part of Poland , entered into fictional marriage with painter Adam Dobrodzicki and became citizen of Austria - Hungary . Austria refused to extradite her to Russia and instead arranged a trial in Wadowice , starting on 16 February 1908 . Wanda Dobrodzicka had confessed but was acquitted .
George Napier Colonel The Hon . George Napier ( 11 March 1751 – 13 October 1804 ) was a British Army officer , most notable for his marriage to Lady Sarah Lennox , and for his sons Charles James Napier , William Francis Patrick Napier and George Thomas Napier , all of whom were noted military officers , collectively referred to as “ Wellington ’ s Colonels . ” He also served as Comptroller of Army Accounts in Ireland from 1799 until his death in 1804 . Death . George Napier was the younger son of Francis Napier , 6th Lord Napier and his wife Henrietta Maria Johnston . Military service . Napier was commissioned into the 25th Foot in 1767 and was promoted Lieutenant in 1771 . He became the regiment ' s Quartermaster in 1776 . In 1778 he transferred to the 80th Regiment of Foot ( Royal Edinburgh Volunteers ) as a Captain . He served in the American War of Independence on the staff of Sir Henry Clinton . He sold his commission in 1781 , but was commissioned into the 1st Foot Guards in 1782 . In 1783 he transferred to the 100th Regiment of Foot ( Loyal Lincolnshire Regiment ) as a Captain . In 1794 he was promoted Major , transferred to the 87th Foot , and then transferred again to the newly - raised Londonderry Regiment as Lieutenant - Colonel . In 1800 he was promoted Colonel . Marriages . On 22 January 1775 he married Elizabeth Pollock , and together they had one daughter , Louisa Mary Napier ( died 1776 ) . On 27 August 1781 he married Lady Sarah Lennox , daughter of Charles Lennox , 2nd Duke of Richmond . He was described at the time as being “ impoverished ” . Her previous marriage had ended in scandal and divorce ; George was Sarah ' s second husband , Sarah was George ' s second wife . Together they raised eight children , including three who were to become famed military officers : In 1785 he moved his family to Celbridge in County Kildare , Ireland , where George eventually earned a post as Comptroller of Army Accounts . Lady Sarah was the sister of the very wealthy Lady Louisa Conolly and Emily FitzGerald , Duchess of Leinster who lived nearby . During the Irish Rebellion of 1798 , in which one of the rebel leaders was his nephew Lord Edward FitzGerald , he is said to have armed his five sons , put his house in a state of defence , and offered an asylum to all who were willing to resist the insurgents . Trivia . In 1999 , a 6 - part miniseries called " Aristocrats " , based on the lives of Sarah Lennox and her sisters , aired in the U . K . George Napier appears at various ages in the series , played by Martin Glyn Murray and Jeremy Bulloch . His grandson Colonel Napier brought the first pair of skis to Davos in 1888 , starting the popular sport of Alpine skiing that had formerly been the activity of a few experts .
Vaughn Ary Vaughn A . Ary is an American Major General who is the current Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Director of the United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division . Biography . Ary was born and raised in Ada , Oklahoma . He received his BA from Northwestern Oklahoma State University in 1984 and his JD from the University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1987 . After graduating from Officer Candidates School , The Basic School , and Naval Justice School , Ary reported to the 3rd Force Service Support Group in Okinawa , Japan . In 1990 , he was transferred to the 1st Force Service Support Group for the Gulf War . In 1991 , he became the Deputy Staff Judge Advocate of US Marine Forces , Atlantic . In 1993 , he became Head of the Law of Armed Conflict Branch in the office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy following a one - year LLM program at George Washington University Law School . In 1998 , Ary became Deputy Legal Counsel to then - Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff John Shalikashvili . In 1999 , he returned to the 1st Force Service Support Group as the Officer in Charge of Legal Teams Delta and Echo following a one - year Masters of Military Studies program at the Marine Corps Command and Staff College . From 2001 to 2004 , Ary served as the Staff Judge Advocate of the 1st Force Service Support Group during Operation Iraqi Freedom . From 2004 to 2006 , he served as the commanding officer of the 2nd Recruit Training Battalion in San Diego . From 2006 to 2008 , he served as the Staff Judge Advocate of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing . From 2008 to 2009 , he served as the Deputy Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps .