naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Decoration for Distinguished Civilian Service The Department of the Army Decoration for Distinguished Civilian Service was established by directive of the Secretary of the Army in May 1956 . This award consists of a gold medal , lapel button and certificate . This award recognizes distinguished service toward the accomplishment of the Army ' s mission . Eligibility . The Secretary of the Army awards this decoration to those who provide distinguished service that makes a substantial contribution to the accomplishment of the Army ' s missions . Eligible individuals include , employees of the Federal Government , officials at the policy development level , Army contractors , and technical personnel who serve the Army in an advisory capacity or as consultants . Army civilian employees are not eligible , as they are eligible for Department of the Army Honorary Awards , nor are military personnel . Description . The Decoration for Distinguished Civilian Service medal is a gold disc 40 mm in height and 36 . 5 mm in width , with a laurel wreath on the lower half of the rim representing non - military service . Superimposed on the disc is an equilateral triangle which symbolizes the civilian . Displayed on the triangle is the eagle of the Great Seal of the United States . The reverse of the medal bears the inscription " AWARDED TO " . . . " FOR DISTINGUISHED CIVILIAN SERVICE TO THE UNITED STATES ARMY . " The medal is suspended by a white ribbon 35 mm in width . The edges of the ribbon have thin stripes of white , ultramarine blue , white , and old glory red .
Chelliah Thurairaja Major General Dr . Chelliah Thurairaja , USP , SLMC was a Sri Lankan military physician , Sri Lankan Army general and sportsmen . He was the former Director of Army Medical Services and Colonel Commandant of the Sri Lanka Army Medical Corps . A triple international in basketball , badminton and golf , he is the only Sri Lankan to represented the country in two sports disciplines at the Asian Games - in 1966 in basketball and in 1982 in golf , later winning the gold medal in golf at the World Masters Games 2002 . Educated at the prestigious Royal College , Colombo , where he was an all - round student taking part in cricket , rugby , basketball , badminton , athletics and boxing winning colours in four sports . He played in the Bradby Shield Encounter . Moving on to the University of Ceylon to study medicine and was one of the top ranked in his batch . He was the University sportsman of the year 1961 - 62 . A keep rugby player , he played for Havelock Sports Club in 1961 , which year they won the Clifford Cup . His international rugby career included games against the Combined Universities and Barbarians as a member of the Defence Services rugby team . Dr Thurairaja captained the Ceylon basketball team . Dr Thurairaja won the gold medal in golf at the World Masters Games 2002 and captained the Asian Games contingent from Sri Lanka . After completing his medical training and qualifying as a doctor , he joined the Ceylon Army in 1961 as a Capitan in the Medical Corp . His career in the army lasted 37 years , when he retired in 1998 as a Major General , the Head of the Medical Corp and Director of Army Medical Services as well as the Medical Advisor to the Sri Lankan Army . General Thurairaj has received the Uttama Seva Padakkama ( USP ) and the Sri Lanka Armed Services Long Service Medal . Dr . Thurairaja is a qualified consultant radiologist and in sports medicine . He was the President of the Sri Lanka Sports Medicine Association , Vice - President of Asian Federation of Sports Medicine and an Executive Committee Member of the International Federation of Sports Medicine . He had also authored four manuals on sports medicine . He was married to the late Menik Thurairaja ( née Perera ) , and they have three children – Ruvi , Leisha and Michele , and is now married to Loret Thurairaja .
Beauford T . Anderson Beauford Theodore " Andy " Anderson ( July 6 , 1922 – November 7 , 1996 ) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War II . Early life . Anderson was born on July 6 , 1922 in Eagle , Wisconsin , and moved to nearby Soldiers Grove before joining the Army . Military service . Enlisting in the United States Army in 1942 , Anderson was sent to the South West Pacific theater in July 1944 . He earned the Bronze Star while serving on the island of Leyte in the Philippines . By April 13 , 1945 , he was participating in the Battle of Okinawa as a technical sergeant in the 381st Infantry Regiment , 96th Infantry Division . During a Japan ese counterattack at Kakazu Ridge on that day , he single - handedly held off a flanking force by alternately firing his carbine and throwing activated mortar shells . Although seriously wounded by shrapnel during the action , he refused medical evacuation until he had reported the situation to his commander . For these actions , Anderson was awarded the Medal of Honor the next year , on June 27 , 1946 . Anderson served in the United States Army Reserve after the war , eventually gaining a commission as a second lieutenant . He left the military on September 30 , 1952 , after ten years of service . Medal of Honor citation . He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty . When a powerfully conducted predawn Japanese counterattack struck his unit ' s flank , he ordered his men to take cover in an old tomb , and then , armed only with a carbine , faced the onslaught alone . After emptying 1 magazine at pointblank range into the screaming attackers , he seized an enemy mortar dud and threw it back among the charging enemy Japanese soldiers , killing several as it burst . Securing a box of mortar shells , he extracted the safety pins , banged the bases upon a rock to arm them and proceeded alternately to hurl shells and fire his piece among the fanatical foe , finally forcing them to withdraw . Despite the protests of his comrades , and bleeding profusely from a severe shrapnel wound , he made his way to his company commander to report the action . T / Sgt . Anderson ' s intrepid conduct in the face of overwhelming odds accounted for 25 enemy killed and several machineguns and knee mortar s destroyed , thus single - handedly removing a serious threat to the company ' s flank . Later life . After returning from the war , Anderson lived in Beloit , Wisconsin , and later spent time in Mackinac Island , Michigan . Ultimately , he relocated to Monterey County , California , where he served as mayor and city councilman of Seaside and as a Monterey County Supervisor . He lived on a cattle ranch near Hunter Liggett and spent the last years of his life in Salinas . Anderson died on November 7 , 1996 . His wife of 50 years , Phyllis , died the next month , on December 23 . They are buried together in Arlington National Cemetery .
William Edwards ( United States Navy officer ) William W . Edwards ( ca . 1790 – 14 August 1813 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the War of 1812 . Born in Petersburg , Virginia , Edwards was appointed a midshipman 1 September 1811 . In 1813 he was assigned to " Argus " , and was killed in the action with HMS " Pelican " on 14 August 1813 . Namesake . USS Edwards was named in his honor .
7 . 5×57mm MAS The 7 . 5×57mm MAS or 7 . 5×58mm mle 1924c was a short - lived French rifle cartridge that was introduced in the mid - 1920s to replace the 8 mm Lebel . The " Lebel " round was powerful and accurate but due to its shape it was particularly poorly suited to automatic weapons with large - capacity magazines . The only weapon ever fielded in 7 . 5 mm MAS mod . 1924 was the " fusil - mitrailleur mle 1924 " , an automatic rifle sharing similarities with the B . A . R . Early examples of the FM 24 proved prone to various failures ; additionally , it was possible to mistake the new 7 . 5 x 57 mm with a German 7 . 92x57mm Mauser round . The new 7 . 5 mm round was abandoned and replaced by the 7 . 5x54mm MAS mod . 1929 .
Troop Sergeant Major In the British Army , the Troop Sergeant Major ( TSM ) is the senior NCO in a Royal Artillery troop , usually a Warrant Officer Class 2 . This differs from a cavalry troop or infantry platoon , in which the highest - ranking NCO is usually a sergeant . Troop Sergeants Major in the cavalry . The appointment was formerly current in British cavalry units . It was introduced in 1813 to replace the Quartermaster as the senior NCO of a troop , and was roughly equivalent to a Colour Sergeant in the infantry . As the squadron replaced the troop as the main tactical and administrative division of the regiment , so the Squadron Sergeant Major superseded the Troop Sergeant Major . It was revived in 1938 as an appointment of the short - lived rank of Warrant Officer Class III ( WOIII ) . The new Troop Sergeant Major , and his infantry counterpart , the Platoon Sergeant Major , were part of an experiment in giving experienced NCOs command of units formerly reserved for commissioned officer s ( troops and platoons ) . The experiment was not considered a success , and no promotions were made to the rank after 1940 : most existing WOIIIs were commissioned as lieutenants . The old appointment is presumably why Staff Sergeant s are referred to and addressed as " Sergeant Major " in British cavalry regiment s . A Staff Sergeant can command a cavalry troop , in the same way as the old WOIII TSMs .
First Battle of Polotsk In the First Battle of Polotsk , which took place on 17 – 18 August 1812 , Russian troops under the command of Peter Wittgenstein fought French and Bavarian troops led by Nicolas Oudinot near the city of Polotsk , halting Oudinot ' s advance toward Saint Petersburg . The First Battle of Polotsk should be distinguished from the Second Battle of Polotsk which took place during the same campaign two months later . After the battle of Klyastitsy and several minor losses Oudinot ' s Corps retreated to Polotsk . In the early morning of 17 August , the 1st Infantry Corps led by Wittgenstein attacked the French positions near the village of Spas , forcing the French to retreat . Oudinot transported additional units to the sector of the attack and also counterattacked in the centre . By the night both the French and the Russians managed to keep their positions . Oudinot was wounded and had to hand over the command to Gouvion Saint - Cyr . The next morning Gouvion Saint - Cyr undertook a major offensive . He managed to mislead Wittgenstein about the area of the offensive , regroup his troops and suddenly attack the left flank and centre of the Russian positions . In the beginning the offensive was a major success , the French troops crushed the Russians and captured seven cannons . When the defeat seemed imminent , Wittgenstein organized a cavalry counterattack . It caused a scare among the French who had to cease the offensive and retreat . On the other hand , Wittgenstein retreated to the Drissa . For the next two months both the French and the Russians did not attempt to upset the balance of powers . French - Bavarian losses numbered 6 , 000 killed , wounded , and missing while the Russians lost 5 , 500 . Bavarian general officer losses were heavy . General of Infantry Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy was mortally wounded and General - Major Siebein was killed . General - Majors Vincenti and Raglovitch were both wounded . Among the French , both Oudinot and General of Brigade François Valentin were wounded . Russian Generals Berg , Hamen , and Kazatchkowski suffered wounds .
10 . 5 cm Leichtgeschütz 42 The 10 . 5 cm Leichtgeschütz 42 , commonly the LG 42 , was a German recoilless gun manufactured by Rheinmetall and used during World War II . History . The development history of the LG 42 isn ' t clear , but it seems obvious that the success of the company ' s 7 . 5 cm LG 40 during the Battle of Crete in 1941 spurred the Germans to continue development of recoilless guns in larger calibers . Krupp seems to have gotten its 10 . 5 cm LG 40 into service first , but the Rheinmetall LG 42 was apparently manufactured in larger quantities . Design issues . The LG 42 was basically an enlarged and improved version of the 7 . 5 cm LG 40 . It incorporated torque vanes in the jet nozzle to counteract the torque forces imparted by the round engaging the rifling and any clogged or eroded nozzles . It also used the improved priming mechanism developed after the problems with the smaller weapon became apparent . Like all the German 10 . 5 cm recoilless rifles it shared shells with the 10 . 5 cm leFH 18 ( light Field Howitzer ) . The LG 42 - 1 version was built using light alloys in parts of the carriage , but the LG 42 - 2 replaced these with ordinary steel as light alloys became too valuable later in the war . Both versions could be broken down into 4 loads for parachute operations . Operational use . Both 105 mm recoilless guns , unlike the 75 mm LG 40 , equipped independent artillery batteries and battalions . These include Batteries 423 – 426 , 429 , 433 , and 443 , most of which were later incorporated into Leichtgeschütze - Abt . ( Light Gun Battalion ) 423 and 424 . These units served in both the Arctic under 20th Mountain Army and in central Russia under Heeresgruppe Mitte ( Army Group Center ) . References . Engelmann , Joachim and Scheibert , Horst . " Deutsche Artillerie 1934 - 1945 : Eine Dokumentation in Text , Skizzen und Bildern : Ausrüstung , Gliederung , Ausbildung , Führung , Einsatz " . Limburg / Lahn , Germany : C . A . Starke , 1974 Hogg , Ian V . " German Artillery of World War Two " . 2nd corrected edition . Mechanicsville , PA : Stackpole Books , 1997 ISBN 1 - 85367 - 480 - X
29th Punjabis The 29th Punjabis was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was raised in 1857 , as the 21st Regiment of Punjab Infantry . It was designated as the 29th Punjabis in 1903 and became 10th ( Training ) Battalion of 15th Punjab Regiment in 1922 . In 1943 , it was converted into the 15th Punjab Regimental Centre . In 1947 , the 15th Punjab Regiment was allocated to the Pakistan Army . In 1956 , the 1st , 14th , 15th and 16th Punjab Regimental Centres where amalgamated to form the Punjab Regimental Centre . Early History . The regiment was raised in 1857 , during the upheaval of the Indian Mutiny , as the Jullundur Punjab Battalion . It was designated as the 29th ( Punjab ) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry in 1864 . The regiment took part in the Bhutan War of 1864 - 66 and the Second Afghan War of 1878 - 80 . Subsequent to the reforms brought about in the Indian Army by Lord Kitchener in 1903 , the regiment ' s designation was changed to 29th Punjabis . During the First World War , the regiment served with distinction in the German East Africa and later , in Palestine , where it fought in the Battle of Megiddo , which led to the annihilation of Turkish Army in Palestine . Subsequent History . After the First World War , the 29th Punjabis were grouped with the 25th , 26th , 27th and 28th Punjabis to form the 15th Punjab Regiment in 1922 . The battalion was redesignated as 10th ( Training ) Battalion of the 15th Punjab Regiment , based at Sialkot . During the Second World War , 10 / 15th Punjab was converted into the 15th Punjab Regimental Centre . In 1947 , the 15th Punjab Regiment was allocated to Pakistan Army , and in 1956 , it was merged with the 1st , 14th and 16th Punjab Regiment s to form the Punjab Regiment . The 15th Punjab Regimental Centre was merged with the 1st , 14th and 16th Punjab Regimental Centres to form the Punjab Regimental Centre . It is based at Mardan .
21st Mechanized Corps ( Soviet Union ) The 21st Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War . Initially formed in March 1941 , in response to the German victories in the West it was attached to the newly forming 27th Army , and held in reserve near Opochka in Soviet Union South of Pskov in the Special Baltic Military District . It was under the command of Major General Lelyushenko when the German Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941 . It initially consisted of the 42nd and 46th Tank Divisions , and the 185th Mechanized Division . After the Invasion began the Special Baltic Military District was renamed Northwestern Front , Commanded by Colonel General Kutznetsov . The front fielded 8th and 11th Armies with the 27th Armies in its second echelon . The 21st Mechanized was heavily engaged in the first battles of Operation Barbarossa , particularly during the Baltic Operation ( 1941 ) . After the spectacular advances by 4th Panzer Group Kutznetsov asked Stavka for the release of Berzarin ' s 27th Army and the 21st Mechanized Corps on 25 June and was ordered to halt Erich von Manstein ' s LVI Panzer Corps which was closing up to the Daugava River later that day both units engaged near Dvinsk . Next Army Group North sent a special force which captured the bridges at Daugavpils and consolidated with 8th Panzer Division . As the fighting intensified elements of 21st Mechanized Corps broke into the Northern suburbs of the town , with fierce house - to - house fighting . After failing to clear Daugavpils further fighting and attacks by the Luftwaffe succeeded in wearing down its forces during next two days to the extent that by 29 June it had only seven operational tanks , 74 artillery pieces and slightly more than 4 , 000 men left and was exhausted as a fighting force . On 30 June the Soviet Air Force put in an all out effort which resulted in the loss of 43 aircraft ( 27 DB - 3 s and SB s for only four BF - 109 s ) but did not succeed in destroying the principal river crossings over the Daugava River but did succeed in destroying some pontoon bridges . After continuing a fighting retreat through the Baltic states in July , but in remnants the 21st Mechanized Corps was disbanded in August 1941 .
John A . Samford John Alexander Samford ( August 29 , 1905 – November 20 , 1968 ) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general and a director of the National Security Agency . Biography . Samford was born at Hagerman , New Mexico , in 1905 . He graduated from high school in 1922 and then spent one year at Columbia College , New York City . In 1924 , he received a senatorial appointment to the U . S . Military Academy . He graduated in 1928 , 131st in a class of 260 . Second Lieutenant Samford ' s first assignment was that of a student officer at Brooks Field , Texas . In 1929 , he received his pilot wings at Kelly Field and was eventually rated a command pilot . Lieutenant Samford ' s first assignment after Kelly Field was Fort Crockett located at Galveston , Texas . In 1930 , he returned to Kelly Field where he served as a flying instructor . In 1934 , he was ordered to an Engineering and Armament School at Chanute Field , Illinois . From 1935 until 1942 , he held various assignments in Panama , Virginia , Louisiana and Florida . Colonel Samford was assistant chief of staff , G - 1 , Headquarters Third Air Force , in Tampa , Florida , when appointed chief of staff of the VIII Air Force Composite Command located in Northern Ireland . In 1943 , Colonel Samford was appointed deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Air Force , and later chief of staff of the VIII Bomber Command . In 1944 , Colonel Samford was promoted to brigadier general and appointed chief of staff of the Eighth Air Force . In October 1944 he was appointed deputy assistant chief of staff , A - 2 , Headquarters U . S . Army Air Forces . In January 1947 , Brigadier General Samford was appointed commander , 24th Composite Wing which soon thereafter became the Antilles Air Division of the Caribbean Air Command . In May 1949 , Brigadier General Samford was appointed commandant of the Air Command and Staff School . He was promoted to major general in 1950 and held a brief appointment as commandant of the Air War College before being appointed director of intelligence of the U . S . Air Force . In December 1954 , General Samford went to Russia . In November 1956 , Major General Samford was appointed director of the National Security Agency and promoted to lieutenant general . He held this post until his retirement on November 23 , 1960 . His successor as NSA director was Admiral Laurence H . Frost . He died on November 20 , 1968 in Washington , DC .
Duke Alexander of Württemberg ( 1771 – 1833 ) Duke Alexander of Württemberg ( Mömpelgard / Montbéliard , then Württemberg ( now France ) , 5 May 1771 – Gotha , Thuringia , Germany , 4 July 1833 ) was a Duke of Württemberg . The son of Frederick II Eugene , Duke of Württemberg and of Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg - Schwedt . His sister Sophie Dorothea married Tsar Paul I of Russia . Family . In 1798 he married Antoinette of Saxe - Coburg - Saalfeld ( died 1824 ) . They had five children : Descendants . Alexander of Württemberg was the founder of the fifth branch ( called the ducal branch ) of the House of Württemberg , descended from the seventh son of Frederick II Eugene , Duke of Württemberg . On the extinction of the eldest branch in 1921 , the ducal branch became the new dynastic - branch of the House . ( The House of Württemberg ' s two morganatic branches - the dukes of Teck ( extinct in the male line in 1981 ) , and the morganatic branch of the dukes of Urach - were technically ' older ' than the Ducal branch , but ineligible to succeed ) . Alexander of Württemberg is the direct ancestor of the present claimant to the dukedom of Württemberg , Carl . Military service . Austria . Alexander began service in the Württemberg army as a colonel on 21 April 1791 , and transferred to the Austrian army , serving during the campaign against France in 1796 - 1799 , and participating in the battles of Rastadt , Wurtzburg , Offenbach , Stockach and Zurich . In 1796 Prince Alexander became a Major General and a Fieldmarshal Lieutenant in the Austrian army in 1798 . Russia . In that year he met Alexander Suvorov , and took up his recommendation to join the Imperial Russian Army as a Lieutenant General and chief of the Riga Cuirassier Regiment which in August 1800 was reorganised into Riga Dragoon Regiment while Alexander was promoted to General of Cavalry ( the rank below Field Marshal ) . In 1811 he was appointed Military Governor of Belorussia . During the 1812 Campaign Württemberg served at the Headquarters of the 1st Western Army and fought at Vitebsk , Smolensk , , Tarutino ( awarded Order of St . George , 3rd class ) , Maloyaroslavets , Vyazma and Krasnoi . In 1813 he commanded the Siege of Danzig for which he was awarded a golden sword and the Order of St . George ( 2nd class ) . After the war he returned to Belorussia and his Riga Regiment . In 1822 he became the Head of the Communications Department ( responsible for transport links ) and initiated several large - scale waterway projects ( the Windawski Canal , etc . ) in western Russia . In 1826 Württemberg was appointed chief of Ekaterinoslav Cuirassier Regiment , and a member of the State Council , but returned to the Riga Dragoons in 1827 . In 1832 he resigned from military service and left Russia on 24 November , never to return .
Fort Phoenix Fort Phoenix is an American Revolutionary War - era fort located at the entrance to the Fairhaven - New Bedford harbor , south of U . S . 6 in Fort Phoenix Park in Fairhaven , Massachusetts . On September 5 – 6 , 1778 , Fort Phoenix was destroyed by the British when they were raiding the harbor . When it was rebuilt , it was given the name " Fort Phoenix " after the mythical bird that rose from its owns ashes . The British tried to seize Fort Phoenix in 1814 , but they were scared off when they mistook the horn of a postman ' s bicycle as a sounding of charge . The fort currently has five iron cannons mounted on reproduction wooden carriages . The cannons are Model 1919 24 - pounders and were all made in the 1820s . There is also a smaller cannon at the fort which was captured by the Continental Marines during the raid on Nassau in the Bahamas in 1776 . This raid was the first amphibious landing on foreign soil by United States Marines . The fort was originally built in 1775 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 .