naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
First Yale Unit The First Yale Unit was started by then Yale sophomore F . Trubee Davison in 1915 . The First Yale Unit is considered to be the first naval air reserve unit . Davison and 11 other Yale students were fascinated with the possibilities of aviation in general and of naval aviation specifically . After meeting with Admiral Robert Peary to gain authorization for the unit , Trubee Davison acquired a Curtiss Model " F " seaplane and members of the First Yale Unit were trained as pilots during the summer of 1916 . They were used as the first aerial coastal patrol unit . Though they were still civilians and volunteers , the Yale students now had an official mission . On August 29 , 1916 , Congress passed the " Naval Reserve Appropriations Act " and established a Naval Reserve Flying Corp . In March 1917 , 13 days before the United States entered World War I , the First Yale Unit volunteers enlisted en masse . From this small group of 29 emerged an Assistant Secretary of War , an Undersecretary of the Navy and a Secretary of Defense . Lt . David Ingalls , a member of the First Yale Unit , flying a Sopwith Camel with the RAF , was the first US naval aviator to become an ace . He later served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy . Trubee Davison was injured in a crash during training and never saw combat . However , he went on to become the director of the Civil Aeronautics Board . First Yale Unit members Robert Lovett and Artemus Gates became commandants of the Army and Navy air corps , respectively .
Abraham Drake Abraham Drake ( December 4 , 1715 – August 1 , 1781 ) was an officer in the New Hampshire militia that served with the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War . Biography . Drake was born in Hampton , New Hampshire to Abraham Drake and his wife , Theodate Roby . Abraham Drake married Abigail Weare , the sister of future New Hampshire " president " Meshech Weare , on January 13 , 1738 . They had two children before her death in 1740 . On November 25 , 1742 , Abraham Drake remarried to Abigail Dearborn and together they would have thirteen children . During the French and Indian War , he served as a Lieutenant and , later , as a Captain in the Dragoon company of Maj . Tash ' s battalion of the New Hampshire Provincial Regiment . With the start of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and 1776 , Abraham Drake was Lt . Col . in Jonathan Moulton ' s 3rd New Hampshire Militia Regiment that guarded the New Hampshire seacoast from British attack . In 1777 , he was promoted to Colonel of the 2nd New Hampshire Militia Regiment and commanded them during the Saratoga Campaign , serving in Ebenezer Learned ' s brigade . Later , he served as a delegate to the New Hampshire Provincial Congress . Col . Abraham Drake died on August 1 , 1781 .
Caesar C line The Caesar Line was the last German line of defence in Italy before Rome during the Second World War . It extended from the west coast near Ostia , over the Alban Hills south of Rome , from Valmontone to Avezzano and then to Pescara on the Adriatic coast . Behind the western half of the line was a subsidiary line , the Roman switch line which took a path north of Rome . When the Caesar C Line defenses , manned by the German Fourteenth Army , were breached by the US Fifth Army on 30 May 1944 , following the breakout from Anzio , the road to Rome was finally opened . The Germans retreated to their next line of defence , the Trasimene Line where the Fourteenth Army re - aligned with the German Tenth Army before withdrawing to the formidable defences of the Gothic Line . See also . Battle of Anzio
Bristol Gordon England biplanes The Bristol Gordon England biplanes were a series of early British military biplane aircraft designed by Gordon England for the Bristol Aeroplane Company that first flew in 1912 . Designed for easy ground transport , the aircraft could be quickly disassembled . Design and development . The first Gordon England design , the G . E . 1 , was a two - bay equal - span tractor configuration biplane powered by a Clerget 4 - cylinder water cooled engine , driving the two - bladed propeller via a chain drive giving a 2 : 1 speed reduction . The crew of two were accommodated side - by - side in a single cockpit , fitted with dual controls . The empennage consisted of a small triangular tailplane and elevators mounted on top of the rectangular - section fuselage and an elongated triangular fins above and below the fuselage with the unbalanced rudder mounted on the trailing edge . After testing during May and June 1912 the fins were removed , and an enlarged aerodynamically balanced rudder fitted , and the aircraft sold to the Deutsche Bristol Werke . However it was found to be unsuitable for use as a trainer , and was returned to the Bristol works at Filton in September 1912 and scrapped . The G . E . 2 was an enlargement and refinement of the previous design . The fuselage was carried on the innermost pairs of interplane struts , so that there was a gap between the fuselage and the lower wing , and a shallow curved fairing was added to the top and bottom of the fuselage . The tailplane was enlarged and mounted in a mid - fuselage position . Two examples were built , one powered by a Gnome double Omega twin - row rotary engine and the other with a 70 hp ( 53 kW ) 4 - cylinder inline water - cooled Daimler . Both were entered in the British military aeroplane trials held in August 1912 , the first to be flown by Gordon England and the other by Howard Pixton . but were unsuccessful , only completing the quick - assembly tests . The Daimler - engined version proved underpowered , and the other aircraft was damaged in an accident early in the competition , which was won by the Cody V biplane . Bristol did have some success , however : their monoplane design being placed equal third . The design was further refined in the G . E . 3 , of which two were built for the Turkish government . This had a fuselage faired to a circular cross - section with the crew in two tandem cockpits , with fuel and oil tanks sufficient for three hours flight between them , and was powered by a Gnome Lambda single - row rotary engine threequarters enclosed in a circular cowling . The continuous inmost interplane struts were replaced by short struts between the lower longerons and the lower wing and a cabane consisting of two sets of inverted V struts supplemented by a single strut between the centre of the upper wing and the nose of the aircraft . Trials of the aircraft revealed that the wing spars were too flexible , and although an attempt was made to address this problem by adding short kingpost bracing to the rear spar , by this time the Italian blockade of Turkey made delivery difficult , and no further development was carried out .
Army of the Northwest ( United States ) The Army of the Northwest was a U . S . Army unit formed at the outset of the War of 1812 and charged with control of the state of Ohio , the Indiana Territory , Michigan Territory and Illinois Territory . Campaigns . The first commander William Hull was in charge while the regiment was at Detroit , before surrendering it to the British . James Winchester then led the army back up north towards Detroit , but turned to defend Fort Defiance instead . Perhaps due to Winchester ' s unpopularity , President James Madison soon appointed William Henry Harrison as commander of the army in late 1812 . Harrison led the army in the Siege of Fort Meigs and the Battle of the Thames . = Commanders = The following men served as commanders of the Army of the Northwest :
United States Navy Physical Readiness Test A Physical Readiness Test , also known as a Physical Fitness Assessment , or PFA , is conducted by the United States Navy to determine the physical fitness of their sailors . Standard testing . The PFA includes a 1 . 5 - mile run ( or alternate cardio options of a 12 - minute stationary bike ride , 12 - minute elliptical , or a 500 yd or 450 m swim ) , pushups , a sit and reach , and situps . PFA scores from lowest to highest are as follows : probationary , satisfactory , good , excellent , and outstanding . Scores for the run , the pushups , and the situps are determined by age , sex , and time . The sit and reach merely needs to be completed but is not an event which could fail a member . Other branches of the DoD have similar standards . Elite units . Most branches of the US military use modified , enhanced tests of the regular tests of physical stamina and performance as minimum requirements for applicants to special or elite programs . Some of these programs are SEAL , SWCC , Navy Diver , EOD , and other Special Operations Forces . Beyond this , the Army requires additional indoctrination programs such as RIP of its applicants . These tests usually include extra components so that running , swimming , and pullups are all assessed in addition to situps , pushups , and the usual fare . In some cases pushups techniques and swim strokes may be particular to a certain group , including " diver ( triceps ) pushups " , " combat sidestroke " swim strokes done in full uniform with boots by SEAL and SWCC applicants , and strictly monitored pullup technique . Within these communities enhanced tests may be given in place of the regular tests , deriving and reporting the data needed for the minimum requirements of the service and maintaining additional data such as swim and pullup data to meet the requirements of their special program .
Gerd Kelbling Gerd Kelbling ( 12 June 1912 – 9 June 2005 ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . As a U - boat commander he is credited with the sinkinking of nine merchant vessels for a total of and three warships for a total of 2 , 902 tons , including the USS " Skill " and HMS " Tynedale " . He further damaged one ship of and one warship of 1 , 625 tons . A further vessel of and one warship 1 , 625 tons were so heavily damaged that they were a total loss . " U - 593 " was sunk on 13 December 1943 in the western Mediterranean by depth charges from the US destroyer USS " Wainwright " and the British escort destroyer HMS " Calpe " . The entire crew , without loss of life , was taken prisoner of war .
Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu Hayrı Kıvrıkoglu ( born 1948 , Konya , Turkey ) is a senior officer in the Turkish Army . Career . In 1969 , Kıvrıkoglu attended the Turkish Military Academy and graduated from the engineering school in 1970 . After several successive promotions he was promoted to Brigadier in 1996 , joining the 3rd Army Command Operations Staff . He later joined the 8 mechanized Infantry Brigade Command as Vice President before being promoted to Major General in 2000 and joining the Infantry Division Tactical Command . A position at the 3rd mechanized brigade at Mons Belgium at the National Military Representation Committee before being promoted to Lieutenant General in 2006 . He served as commander of the 9th Corps Command of the Cyprus Turkish Peace Forces . On 30 August 2008 he was promoted to rank of Army General and his appointment as Aegean Army Commander . Currently , he ' s serving as the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces . Personal life . Kıvrıkoglu understands and speaks English . He is married and has two children . He is related to the former chief of staff , Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu .
405th Tactical Missile Squadron The 405th Tactical Missile Squadron ( " Green Dragons " ) is an inactive United States Air Force unit . It was last assigned to the 38th Tactical Missile Wing , based at Sembach Air Base , West Germany . It was inactivated on 25 September 1966 . History . Activated in early 1941 by the Army Air Corps as a medium bomber squadron during the pre - war mobilization by the United States . Performed coastal patrols as part of First Air Force with B - 18 Bolo s and early - model B - 26 Marauder s . Deployed to Australia in early 1942 to reinforce Fifth Air Force after its withdrawal to Australia . Re - equipped with B - 25 Mitchell medium bombers and flew missions from Northern Queensland over New Guinea . Moved to forward airfields in New Guinea and followed MacArthur ' s advance along the northern coast of the island into the Netherlands East Indies flying tactical bombardment missions against Japanese strong points and airfields . Moved to Luzon , Philippines , as part of the United States liberation forces in 1945 , then moved to Okinawa during the summer in preparation for the Invasion of Japan . Moved to Japan and became part of the Occupation Forces . Inactivated in 1949 due to budget reductions . Reactivated in France in 1953 as a NATO B - 57 light bombardment squadron , equipped for night bombardment with nuclear weapons . Moved to West Germany in 1958 as a MGM - 1 Matador tactical missile squadron when the unit was ordered out of France . Remained as a tactical missile unit until 1966 when the Mace was retired . Stations . Dispersed Matador / Mace missile locations
Finn ' s Point National Cemetery Finn ' s Point National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Pennsville Township , New JerseyPennsville Township , Salem County , New Jersey , United States . It encompasses , and as of February 2009 , had 3 , 033 interments . Adjacent to Fort Mott , it is administered by the Washington Crossing National Cemetery . History . Originally purchased by the federal government to build a battery to protect the port of Philadelphia , the land became a cemetery by 1863 for Confederate prisoners of war who died while in captivity at Fort Delaware . One hundred and thirty five Union soldiers who died while serving as guards at the prison camp are also buried here . The death toll among prisoners of war and the guards was high , especially in the latter part of 1863 and throughout 1864 . By July 1863 , there were 12 , 595 prisoners on the island at nearby Fort Delaware which was only about in size . Disease was rampant and nearly 2 , 700 prisoners died from malnutrition or neglect . Confederate prisoners interred at the cemetery totaled 2 , 436 and all are in general unmarked graves . Officially made a National Cemetery on October 3 , 1875 by request of Virginia Governor James L . Kemper , who criticized the poor maintenance of the Confederate grave sites . Finn ' s Point National Cemetery is south of Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge near Fort Mott State Park , in Pennsville . The cemetery was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 . Andrew Cunanan committed one of his murders at the cemetery on May 9 , 1997 , killing cemetery caretaker William Reese and stealing his truck .
HMS Alcide ( 1779 ) HMS " Alcide " , the French and Italian version of " Alcides " , another name for Heracles , was a 74 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 30 July 1779 at Deptford Dockyard . She fought at the battles of Cape St Vincent and Martinique in 1780 , and the battles of St . Kitts and the Saintes in 1782 . " Alcide " was broken up in 1817 .
Camp Moore Camp Moore , north of the Village of Tangipahoa near Kentwood , Louisiana , was a Confederate training base and principal base of operations in eastern Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi . The base was named for Louisiana Governor Thomas Overton Moore and operated from May 1861 to 1864 during the American Civil War . The location of the camp was chosen due to its relatively high ground elevation , abundance of fresh drinking water , and being adjacent to the then New Orleans , Jackson & Great Northern Railroad line . A small portion of the camp remains , containing the Camp Moore Confederate Cemetery and Museum . Overview . Among the thousands of troops who were organized and trained at Camp Moore were the regiment s that later constituted the Louisiana Tigers . As many as 20 , 000 men from Louisiana were trained at Camp Moore before fighting in battles in Kentucky , Virginia , Tennessee , and Arkansas . Troops from Louisiana , Mississippi , and Arkansas were trained at the base . Establishment of the camp was authorized directly from Confederate President Jefferson Davis . Many of the Confederate soldiers buried in the cemetery died of various diseases . In the center of the cemetery stands a monument which was dedicated in 1907 . The monument measures tall . On top of the monument is a statue of a Confederate private soldier that is tall . The log house was built in 1929 , as a chapter house for Chapter No . 562 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy . Next to the log house stands a monument to area Confederate soldiers dedicated in 1979 . Built in 1965 and designated as a State Commemorative Area , the museum contains artifacts from the Civil War and regional history . In 1986 , Governor Edwards closed the site , along with other commemorative areas across the State , during a State monetary crunch . Although still owned by Louisiana ' s State Lands Office , the site was reopened in June , 1993 by a private , non - profit entity , the Camp Moore Historical Association . The Association has a 97 - year lease with the State of Louisiana . The Camp Moore Museum , Memorial , and cemetery is located on US 51 approximately south of the Louisiana / Mississippi state line . The property comprises approximately . The Museum is open to the public for tours , Tuesday through Saturday 10 : 00 am to 3 : 00 pm , and closed on major holidays . An annual Civil War re - enactment occurs on the weekend before Thanksgiving each year . This two - day event , held on both Saturday and Sunday , features scripted battles , living history displays , and memorial ceremonies .
USS Mount Vernon ( 1859 ) The first USS " Mount Vernon " was a wooden - screw steamer in the United States Navy . " Mount Vernon " was built at Brooklyn , New York , in 1859 ; chartered by the Navy in May 1861 for three months ; purchased by the Navy at New York on 12 September 1861 ; and commissioned at New York , Commander Oliver S . Glisson in command . Service history . After charter , " Mount Vernon " convoyed two steamers and two sailing ships to the Gulf of Mexico in May . While in the gulf , she took brigantine " East " , suspected of communicating with Confederate - held shore territory , and towed damaged " Parkersburg " from Pensacola , Florida to Key West . Ordered to Fortress Monroe , Virginia , 3 July , " Mount Vernon " gave refuge to Unionists preparing to travel north . From 17 July , " Mount Vernon " patrolled in and off the Rappahannock River , capturing sloop " Wild Pigeon " in an attempted escape at night 20 July . On 1 September she sailed for Mobjack Bay to relieve , and in November proceeded to Beaufort , North Carolina . She engaged British schooner " Phantom " off Cape Lookout 2 December , and on the 31st sent an armed party to aid in firing a ship being used by the Confederates as a beacon . In continued blockade and patrol service off North Carolina , " Mount Vernon " took British schooners " British Queen " on 1 March 1862 and " Mary Jane " on 24 March 1863 . With and , " Mount Vernon " chased Confederate schooner " Kate " ashore near Fort Casswell 2 April , and later in the month captured " St . George " . After joining in the attack on Confederate batteries at Sewell ' s Point 2 May , " Mount Vernon " returned to blockade duty , playing a key role in the Navy ’ s efforts to block the flow of materials from overseas and from one point to another in the Confederacy . She took " Constitution " 23 May , forced an unknown schooner to ground and set herself on fire 26 June , then in July took up close blockade of New Inlet and Little River Inlet . With " Cambridge " , in December " Mount Vernon " chased another schooner ashore , a feat duplicated on 12 June 1863 . " Mount Vernon " , , and together cut out a blockade runner on 1 August near New Inlet . Arriving Newport News , Virginia early in 1864 , " Mount Vernon " remained there until May 1864 . She was in the group of Union ships attacked by " North Carolina " off the mouth of Cape Fear River in May , and she searched for " Florida " in July . She joined in the abortive attack on Fort Fisher 23 and 24 December , and renewed the attack in mid - January 1865 . Decommissioning at New York on 27 June 1865 , she was sold at public auction 12 July 1865 .
15th Mechanized Brigade ( Romania ) The 15th Mechanized Brigade " Podu Înalt " ( " Brigada 15 Mecanizată " Podu Înalt " " ) is a mechanized brigade of the Romanian Land Forces . It was formed in July 1994 from the ex 15th Mechanized Regiment . The brigade is currently subordinated to the 2nd Infantry Division , and its headquarters are located in Iaşi .
USS Harpers Ferry ( LSD - 49 ) USS " Harpers Ferry " ( LSD - 49 ) is the lead ship of her class of landing ship dock of the United States Navy . This warship was named for the town of Harpers Ferry , West Virginia , which , because of the Federal arsenal there , was an important location during the Civil War . , " Harpers Ferry " is commanded by Commander Stephen Ilteris . USS Harpers Ferry is assigned to the Navy ' s " Amphibious Group 1 " . The homeport of the " Harpers Ferry " is at San Diego , California . " Harpers Ferry " was previously stationed at the American Naval Base in Sasebo , Nagasaki , Japan before she was relieved in 2011 by USS " Germantown " . This base is available to the U . S . Navy because of the Mutual Defense Treaty between Japan and the United States . " Harpers Ferry " was laid down on 15 April 1991 , at the Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans , and she was launched on 16 January 1993 . She was commissioned on 7 January 1995 . On 1 September 2002 , " Harpers Ferry " relieved USS " Germantown " ( LSD - 42 ) as a forward - deployed warship based in Japan . In 2011 , the two ships exchanged places again with the USS Harpers Ferry returning to San Diego , California as its homeport . Following the Cyclone Nargis disaster in Burma in 2008 , and during the following " Operation Caring Response " humanitarian aid mission to Burma , " Harpers Ferry " steamed in Burmese waters from 13 May to 5 June , waiting for the Burmese junta government to allow American aid to be taken to its citizens . During this operation , she was a part of ' s expeditionary strike group , which also included and the guided - missile destroyer , However , in early June , with permission to enter Burmese airspace and land areas still not forthcoming from the Burmese government , it was decided to withdraw this aid mission and to return this Naval Task Group back to its previously - scheduled operations . In October 2009 , " Harpers Ferry " participated in humanitarian rescue operations in the Pangasinan province , of the Philippines , following the impact of a typhoon that caused serious flooding . In early April 2010 , the ship participated in the recovery efforts of the sunken R . O . K . Navy ship ROKS " Cheonan " ( PCC - 772 ) . This ship was one of several participating in disaster relief after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami .