naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
5th Cavalry Division ( British Indian Army ) The 2nd Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when three brigades already in Palestine were merged with elements of the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the division was renamed as the 5th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1920 . Formation . 2nd Mounted Division . In March 1918 , the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was broken up in France . The Canadian ( Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) and British units ( notably 7th Dragoon Guards , 8th Hussars and N and X Batteries RHA ) remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt . By an Egyptian Expeditionary Force GHQ Order of 12 April 1918 , the mounted troops of the EEF were reorganised when the Indian Army units arrived in theatre . On 24 April 1918 , the 2nd Mounted Division was formed on the Indian Establishment . This new formation should not be confused with the original 2nd Mounted Division that saw action in the Gallipoli Campaign , though the 5th and 7th Mounted Brigades served in both . 5th Cavalry Division . On 22 July 1918 , the 2nd Mounted Division was renumbered as the 5th Cavalry Division and the brigades as the 13th , 14th and 15th ( Imperial Service ) Cavalry Brigades . The sub units ( Signal Troops , Combined Cavalry Field Ambulances and Mobile Veterinary Sections ) were renumbered on the same date . Battles . The 2nd Mounted / 5th Cavalry Division served with the Desert Mounted Corps for the rest of the war , taking part in the Second Transjordan Raid ( 30 April to 4 May 1918 , 15th I . S . Brigade only ) , Affair of Abu Tellul ( 14 July ) , and the Final Offensive including the Battle of Megiddo ( 19 to 25 September ) , Capture of Haifa ( 23 September , 15th I . S . Brigade only ) and Damascus ( 1 October ) , Affair of Haritan ( 26 October , 15th I . S . Brigade only ) and Occupation of Aleppo . The division remained in Palestine on occupation duties after the end of the war . However , demobilization began immediately and most of the British war time units had left by the middle of 1919 . 14th Cavalry Brigade was broken up in September 1919 , and the 15th ( I . S . ) Cavalry Brigade in January 1920 . The division was finally broken up in April 1920 .
RAF Rheindahlen The former Royal Air Force Station Rheindahlen , more commonly known as RAF Rheindahlen , was a non - flying Royal Air Force military base , part of the Rheindahlen Military Complex in North Rhine - Westphalia , Germany - part of British Forces Germany ( BFG ) . Established after World War II it served mainly as the administrative support centre for the 2nd Tactical Air Force ( 2TAF ) . It was disbanded in 1993 and amalgamated with the other military support units at Rheindahlen . Is now occupied by the British Army , as HQ United Kingdom Support Command ( Germany ) - HQ UKSC ( G ) .
HMAS Heros HMAS " Heros " ( W130 , FY87 ) was a tugboat which was operated by the Royal Navy ( RN ) , Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) and the Australian shipping firm J . Fenwick and Co . She was built for the RN in 1919 , was sold to J . Fenwick and Co . in 1925 and was commissioned into the RAN between 1941 and 1942 and 1943 and 1947 before being scrapped in 1966 . Operational history . The ship was built for the RN as the Rescue / Saint class ocean tug " St Erth " . She entered service in 1919 and was sold to J . Fenwick and Co . in September 1925 and renamed " Heros " . She was hired by the RAN for short periods in 1934 and 1937 to tow targets during naval exercises . Following the outbreak of World War II , " Heros " was requisitioned by the RAN on 2 November 1939 . She was later converted to an auxiliary anti - submarine vessel and commissioned on 3 July 1941 . During her naval service she was fitted with weapons and a raised forecastle . In late November and early December 1941 she took part in the search for survivors from HMAS " Sydney " and found one of the ship ' s carley float s : one of only two items found from the cruiser , and currently on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra . She was returned to her owners on 13 August 1942 . " Heros " was taken over by the RAN for brief periods during the remainder of 1942 and early 1943 before being recommissioned at Brisbane on 25 February 1943 . During her second commission she was used as a tugboat , and served mainly in northern Australia and New Guinea . She was paid off from the RAN on 12 February 1947 and returned to her owners on 5 November that year . She continued in commercial service until she was sold for scrap on 9 December 1964 and was beached to be broken up on 7 December 1966 .
William Michael Crose William Michael Crose ( February 8 , 1867 – April 4 , 1929 ) was a United States Navy Captain and the seventh Naval Governor of American Samoa , from November 10 , 1910 to March 14 , 1913 . He was the first person designated " Governor of American Samoa " , rather than the previous " Governor of Tutuila " . Life and career . Early life . Crose was born in Greencastle , Indiana on February 8 , 1867 . He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy on May 19 , 1884 and graduated in 1888 . Naval career . The United States Department of the Navy awarded Crose the Navy Cross for " exceptionally meritorious service in a duty of great responsibility as Commanding Officer of the U . S . S . NORTH DAKOTA in the Atlantic Fleet , during World War I . " On July 1 , 1890 , Crose was commissioned into the United States Navy as an Ensign . On May 10 , 1898 , he became a Lieutenant ( junior grade ) , and a Lieutenant on March 3 , 1898 . He was stationed on the USS Galena in 1888 , the USS Marion in 1890 , the Naval Hydrographic office in 1894 , the USS Pinta in 1895 , the USS Wheeling the same year , the Bureau of Equipment in 1898 , and the USS Kentucky in 1900 . Governorship . On November 10 , 1910 , Crose relieved Captain John Frederick Parker of command of United States Naval Station Tutuila , becoming the seventh Naval Governor of American Samoa . While Governor , Crose appointed a board of education , composed of a naval chaplain , a naval assistant surgeon , and the wife of a local school teacher . He also pushed for the renaming of the island Naval Post , claiming the name Tutuila was inadequate , as the territory contained additional islands other than Tutuila , and recommending a news name of either " American Samoa " or " Eastern Samoa " , a wish he expressed to the Secretary of the Navy in a 1911 letter . On July 17 , 1911 , the island was officially designated " American Samoa " , and President of the United States William Howard Taft recommissioned Crose as " Governor of American Samoa " , rather than " Governor of Tutuila " on October 24 , 1912 . Crose also amended laws on firearms , perjury , road maintenance , and importation of animals . On March 14 , 1913 , Crose transferred command to Nathan Woodworth Post . Post - governorship . Crose died in San Diego on April 4 , 1929 , and was buried at sea .
Charles Gordon ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Charles Gordon , CB ( c . 1781 – 3 October 1860 ) was an officer of the British Royal Navy during the nineteenth century . Gordon ' s most notable action was the Action of 18 September 1810 , when he was seriously wounded in battle and his frigate HMS " Ceylon " captured by the French frigate " Vénus " . Gordon was recaptured by Commodore Josias Rowley the following day and later took part in the capture of Île de France . This was the second occasion on which Gordon had been captured , but he had also distinguished himself in operations against Persian Gulf pirates in the campaign of 1809 and was flag captain at the capture of Île de France in December 1810 . His later career was unremarkable , although he eventually rose to become an admiral and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath before his death in 1860 . Military career . Charles Gordon joined the Royal Navy in June 1796 as a midshipman and by later advanced to become a commander in the sloop HMS " St Lucia " . In 1807 he was captured but was exchanged soon afterwards and made a post captain in command of HMS " Caroline " , which he commanded in the Indian Ocean , operating against pirates in the Persian Gulf during the campaign of 1809 : At Ras al - Khaymah in November 1809 , " Caroline " destroyed or captured 80 pirate vessels . Shortly after the operations in the Persian Gulf , Gordon took command of the Indian built frigate HMS " Ceylon " and continued operating in the Indian Ocean , based at Madras . In September 1810 , word reached Madras that the British force that was blockading the French island of Île de France had been destroyed at the Battle of Grand Port and its commander Josias Rowley was in desperate need of reinforcement . Sailing south to join Rowley , " Ceylon " visited Port Napoleon on Île de France in the hope of meeting Rowley there . Instead he found the large French frigate " Vénus " and the corvette " Victor " under the command of Commodore Jacques Hamelin . The French ships chased " Ceylon " westwards towards Île Bourbon and caught her on 17 September within sight of Saint Denis . In a series of bitterly contested engagements during the night , " Ceylon " was battered and defeated , the badly wounded Gordon surrendering to Hamelin , but only after inflicting significant damage to his flagship . Gordon was taken aboard the French ship and was thus freed when Rowley chased and captured Hamelin ' s ship on 18 September . At the eventual court martial into his conduct in the action , Gordon was honourably acquitted . Although badly wounded in the action , Gordon was made captain of HMS " Africaine " , which later served as Admiral Albemarle Bertie ' s flagship in the successful invasion of Île de France . In the aftermath of the campaign , Gordon was sent back to Britain and despite living another 50 years and remaining in the Navy throughout , he never again served at sea . He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath and gradually rose through the retired ranks , becoming a vice - admiral in 1853 , and a full admiral prior to his death in October 1860 aged 79 .
Hoplomachus A Hoplomachus ( pl . hoplomachi ) ( ) ( hoplon meaning " shield " in Greek ) was a type of gladiator in ancient Rome , armed to resemble a Greek hoplite ( soldier with heavy armor and helmet , a round shield , a spear and a sword ) . The hoplomachus would wear a bronze helmet , a manica on his right arm , loincloth ( subligaculum ) , heavy padding on his legs , and a pair of high greaves reaching to mid - thigh . His weapons were the spear and a short sword . He was often pitted against the murmillo ( armed like a Roman soldier ) , perhaps as a re - enactment of Rome ' s wars in Greece and the Hellenistic East . The name hoplomachus means ' armored fighter ' . The small , round shield was as much a weapon as a sword or spear , not unlike the original hoplites ( who carried a larger shield ) , who used it primarily for defensive purposes , but also employed it in their charges , using it to ram their opponents at the onset of a fight . They wear no shoes so the sand will chafe their feet and give them a challenge . His usual opponent was the murmillo but he might fight the thraex in exceptional cases . Some experts believe that it was one of two designations of Samnite , and that Samnites were called hoplomachi when battling a Thracian , and a secutor when matched against retiarii .
3rd Mountain Brigade ( Poland ) 3rd Mountain Brigade ( 3 . Brygada Gorska ) was a unit of the Polish Army , which took part in the Polish September Campaign in 1939 . Commanded by Colonel Jan Stefan Kotowicz , it was part of Operational Group “ Slovakia ” of Armia Karpaty . It guarded southern Polish border from Gorlice to the Bieszczady Mountains . First days of the war were quiet in that area , but on September 7 , the German 1st Mountain Division attacked Polish positions in the junction of the 2nd and 3rd Mountain Brigades . Next day , after the Slovaks captured Rymanow Zdroj and the Germans seized Krosno , the Brigade was ordered to withdraw to Sanok and leave Dukla . On September 10 , the Brigade fought the aggressors in the area of Sanok , but was forced to retreat towards Turka . Between September 16 and 17 it attacked the Germans in Sambor , and three days later remnants of the unit left Poland for Hungary .
Jon Chitty Air Commodore Jon Chitty , OBE RAF , was Commandant of the Air Training Corps ( ATC ) from 3 May 2002 until July 2005 . Biography . Air Commodore Jon Chitty was brought up and educated in Sheffield . He attended King Edward VII School ( photo ) and left with an RAF Scholarship to undertake an Aeronautical Engineering degree at Imperial College London from 1971 to 1974 . He then undertook officer and specialist training at RAF College Cranwell during the following year . His first posting was to RAF Kinloss as Officer Commanding Armament Servicing Flight supporting the 3 Nimrod Squadrons . Postings to RAF Gutersloh and RAF Wattisham followed before he was posted to DSGT at Cranwell as an instructor . He left on promotion a year later to command the Armament Engineering Squadron at RAF Coningsby and was the project officer for the introduction to service of the Tornado F2 . A range of tours at RAF Stanley ( Falkland Islands ) , HQ Strike Command and RAF Wattisham were followed by promotion to Wing Commander and a return to Strike Command to lead the Tornado Role Office in September 1989 . His involvement in the fleet support and modification programmes for the Tornado squadrons involved in the Gulf War led to his award of the OBE in the Gulf War Honours list . He then attended the Advanced Staff Course at Bracknell before his posting to RAF Bruggen as Officer Commanding Engineering and Supply Wing . At the end of a busy 3 years in Germany , he was promoted to group captain and posted to the DD Weapons ( RAF ) appointment at RAF Wyton . He served 4 years in post before moving to the Ordnance Board as the Air Strike Division Leader in December 1999 . This tour as the UK specialist for the provision of independent safety and suitability for service advice for all air - launched and ground - based air defence munitions , also involved taking the UK - lead for Insensitive Munitions nationally and internationally . He left the newly formed Defence Ordnance Safety Group to take up the dual - appointment of Air Officer Commanding Air Cadets and Commandant of the Air Training Corps , at the RAF College Cranwell , on 3 May 2002 . The appointments of Air Officer Commanding Air Cadets and Commandant ATC were split on 24 March 2003 with the former appointment passed to the Chief Executive of the Royal Air Force Training Group Defence Agency and the latter becoming Commandant Air Cadets . Jon is an Advanced Instructor in scuba diving and upon leaving the Royal Air Force at the end of this tour , he founded a scuba diving equipment design and manufacture company , Venture Diving . Venture Diving has designed and brought the innovative Tank2Go twinset trolley and carrier to market . Jon also works as a consultant for a number of aerospace organisations .
Sōsaku Suzuki Biography . Born in Aichi prefecture , Suzuki graduated from the 24th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1912 . After leaving 31st class of the Army War College in 1921 , he served as a resident officer in Germany from 1922 to 1925 . Winning promotion to captain in 1927 , Suzuki was assigned to the Army Ministry ' s Military Affairs Section the following year . Transferred to the Kwangtung Army in 1933 , Suzuki served in Manchuria for three years as Chief of the Kempeitai and , shortly following his promotion to major in 1935 , he became commander of the IJA 4th Infantry Regiment until 1937 . Promoted to major general the next year , Suzuki was named Vice Chief of Staff of the Central China Expeditionary Army where he served until 1939 . After a number of staff assignments on the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff , Suzuki was promoted to lieutenant general in March 1941 and reassigned to the IJA 25th Army under General Tomoyuki Yamashita in November . The IJA 25th Army was active in the Singapore - Malaysia campaign from 8 December 1941 to 5 February 1942 in the early stages of the Pacific War . After a series of administrative posts relating to military transportation , between 1943 and 1944 , Suzuki was appointed commander of the IJA 35th Army and , with his headquarters in Cebu , was charged with the defense of the southern Philippines . With American landings at Leyte from 20 October 1944 Suzuki sent 45 , 000 soldiers to meet the Allied forces ; however , numerical superiority of land and air power , the Allies decimated the Japanese forces by the end of December . On 25 December 1944 he received orders to evacuate as many troops as possible to defend the other southern Philippine islands . On 24 March 1945 he escaped to Cebu City , and when the American and Filipino troops landed on Cebu on 26 March 1945 , he retreated into the hills , and from there attempted to withdraw to Mindanao . However , as he attempted to do so , his boats were attacked by aircraft and Suzuki was killed in action on 19 April 1945 . He was posthumously promoted to full general .
Landings on Rendova The Landings on Rendova was a military amphibious assault on Rendova Island in the Solomon Islands on 30 June 1943 by United States Army and Navy forces during the New Georgia Campaign of the Pacific War . In the assault , U . S . forces overwhelmed a small Japanese military garrison and secured the island . The U . S . occupied the island to use it as a staging and artillery base to support an offensive against Japanese forces guarding an airfield at Munda Point on nearby New Georgia .
CTA International CTA International is an equal - shares joint venture company between defence companies Nexter and BAE Systems . CTAI is based in Bourges , France and has been established to develop and manufacture case telescoped weapons and ammunition . The company name is an acronym for Case Telescoped Ammunition . CT40 cannon . The CT40 Case Telescoped Weapon System ( CTWS ) cannon is designed to fire 40mm telescoped ammunition . This format provides significant ergonomic benefits within vehicles in the space envelope required for the gun and the ammunition storage . However , the selection of the unfielded new design for major programmes has been controversial . The CT40 40mm cannon has been mandated for the UK Future Rapid Effect System ( FRES ) SV and Warrior Capability Sustainment Programme ( WCSP ) programmes . It has also been ordered by the French Army . In February 2010 CTAI signed a £11m contract with the French and British defence ministries to qualify the CTWS , including environmental testing and the firing of 15 , 000 rounds . The company has confirmed that the ammunition for the British weapons will be assembled at BAE Systems ' ROF Glascoed facility .
USS Sumter ( 1863 ) USS " Sumter " ( 1863 ) was a 525 - ton steamer captured by the Union Navy during the Union blockade of the American Civil War . " Sumter " was the cottonclad ram " CSS General Sumter " . She was placed into service for a short period of time before she ran aground and was destroyed . Acquired by the Confederacy in 1861 . " Sumter " was a side wheel steamer built as " Junius Beebe " , in 1853 at Algiers , Louisiana . She operated on the Mississippi River and its tributaries as a towboat until early 1861 when she was purchased by the State of Louisiana from Charles H . Morgan ' s Southern Steamship Company . In January 1862 , she was acquired by Capt . James E . Montgomery , CSN , for the Confederate War Department ' s River Defense Fleet . The steamer was refitted at Algiers as a cotton - clad ram by the James Martin yard . Her bow was strengthened by 4 - inch oak sheathing covered by 1 - inch iron plates . In addition , cotton bales were compressed between double pine bulkheads for added strength . Serving the Confederacy as CSS " General Sumter " . Renamed " General Sumter " , the ram proceeded to Fort Pillow , Tennessee , on 17 April to be armed . On 10 May , defending the main avenue to Memphis , Tennessee , Montgomery ' s fleet of eight attacked the Federal ironclads . In this action at Plum Point Bend , 4 miles above Fort Pillow , " General Sumter " , Raphael Semmes in command , steamed within 20 yards of " Mortar Boat No . 16 " , whose projectiles were threatening the fort , and fired everything she had , including a rifle volley ; two 32 - pound shot pierced the iron blinds of the Union floating battery . Then CSS " General Sterling Price " and " General Sumter " cooperated in a well executed coordinated attack , one after the other , ramming at full speed so that she lost her rudder and much of her stern ; " Cincinnati " ( which Montgomery reported as had to be run ashore to avoid sinking . Next , " General Sumter " rammed and damaged USS Mound City , but was damaged by artillery fire herself . Thus , the Southern rams held off the Federal flotilla until the fort was successfully evacuated on 1 June . They then retired to Memphis to refuel . Quickly following up the capture of Ft . Pillow , Union Flag Officer Charles H . Davis appeared off Memphis in force on 6 June . Montgomery , cornered without coal enough to retreat to Vicksburg , Mississippi , yet unwilling to scuttle his fleet , fought it out desperately in the Battle of Memphis . " General Sumter " rammed and seriously damaged , but eventually most of the Confederate vessels were destroyed or surrendered . Captured by Union forces , renamed USS " Sumter " . " General Sumter " did not sink ; badly shot up , she ran on the Arkansas shore , was captured , refloated , and renamed " Sumter " by the Union Navy . Abandoned after grounding . In August , she grounded again , downriver off Bayou Sara , Louisiana , and was abandoned except for spare - part raids on her machinery by the rest of the squadron at periods of low water . Before the local populace completed stripping her , Confederate authorities succeeded in setting fire to the hulk .