naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gordon Messenger Lieutenant General Gordon Kenneth Messenger DSO & Bar OBE ADC is a Royal Marines officer who served as British Commander of Task Force Helmand , during the 3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines deployment to Helmand province , Afghanistan on Operation Herrick IX from 2008 to 2009 . As a colonel he commanded 40 Commando during the Iraq War , and led the Commando in the assault on the Al - Faw Peninsula . Military career . Messenger was appointed an acting lieutenant on a short career graduate commission on 15 September 1983 ( with seniority from 1 September 1982 ) , transferring to a full career commission on 21 May 1986 with seniority from 1 September 1984 . At this time he also qualified as a Mountain Leader . In 1995 he graduated from the Canadian Forces Command and Staff Course No 21 . He was promoted substantive major on 30 June 1997 , having previously held the rank locally . Messenger served with British forces in the former Yugoslavia in 2000 ( Kosovo ) , for which he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) . He was promoted substantive colonel on 30 June 2002 , having previously held the rank on an acting basis . For his leadership of 40 Commando ( and attached army units ) in Iraq , including the initial assault on Al Faw peninsular , and an action against Iraqi armour at Abu Al Khasib , he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order ( DSO ) on 31 October 2003 . After a sabbatical in Geneva , he joined the Joint Force Headquarters as Chief of Staff in July 2004 , a job that saw him on various operations worldwide , including Operation Garron , the 2004 tsunami relief effort , Operation Highbrow , the Lebanon evacuation operation , and a six - month tour in command of the Operation Herrick preliminary operation in Afghanistan . He graduated from the UK Higher Command and Staff Course in 2007 and was promoted brigadier on 24 April 2007 . On 1 April 2008 he was appointed an aide - de - camp to the Queen . He served as the British Commander of Task Force Helmand , during the 3 Commando Brigade deployment to Helmand province , Afghanistan on Operation Herrick IX in 2008 – 2009 . For his leadership during this operation he was awarded a Bar to his DSO on 11 September 2009 , the first member of the Naval Service to receive the DSO and Bar for over 50 years . He was promoted major - general in late 2009 , and appointed lead spokesman on British operations in Afghanistan . He went on to be Chief of Staff ( Operations ) at Permanent Joint Headquarters , Northwood in 2011 and became Director Force Reintegration HQ International Security Assistance Force in October 2012 . He is currently Deputy Commander of NATO Allied Land Command ( LANDCOM ) - Izmir . Family . He is married to Sarah and has three children enjoying running , rugby , rock climbing and real ale .
Thomas Henry Shadwell Clerke Thomas Henry Shadwell Clerke ( 1792 - 1849 ) , was an Irish soldier and military journalist . Clerke was a native of Bandon , Cork . Being intended for the army , a profession also adopted by his brothers , St . John Augustus Clerke , who died a lieutenant - general and colonel 75th Foot , 17 January 1870 and William Clerke , afterwards a major in the 77th Foot , he was sent to the Royal Military College , Great Marlow , where he distinguished himself by his abilities . He was appointed to an ensigncy without purchase in 1808 and as a subaltern in 28th and 5th Foot , he served through the Peninsular campaigns until the loss of his right leg in the combat at Redinha in 1811 incapacitated him for further active service . On the recommendation of Lord Wellington , he was promoted to a company in the 1st Garrison Battalion , with which served until its reduction in 1814 . He afterwards served with the 2nd Battalion , 57th Foot , and on the army depot staff . He was promoted to a majority unattached in 1830 . He became the editor of " Colburn ' s United Service Magazine " when that journal was started in January 1829 , and so continued until July 1842 . On the death of Colonel Gurwood , he was entrusted with the task of seeing the last volume of " Selections from the Wellington Despatches " through the press . He possessed a familiar acquaintance with the French , Italian , and Spanish languages , and , although his name does not appear as the author of any scientific or other works , was a very active member of the British Association and of various learned societies . At the time of his death he was a Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Order ( 1831 ) , a Fellow of the Royal Society ( elected 10 April 1833 ) , and vice - president of the Royal United Service Institution , of which he had been one of the originators . He was also a fellow of the Royal Astronomical and Geological Societies and for a short time had been honorary foreign secretary of the Royal Geographical Society . He died of paralysis at his residence , Brompton Grove , London , on 19 April 1849 .
Wolf pack Siegfried Siegfried was a " wolfpack " of German U - boat s that operated during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II . Service history . " Siegfried " was formed in October 1943 to operate against the North Atlantic convoy routes and comprised 18 boats . It consisted of 7 boats from the disbanded group " Schlieffen " , plus 11 others from bases in France and Germany . All the reinforcements were commanded by new skippers ; 6 from Norway were also new boats , while the 5 from France were experienced boats with new commanders . The " Siegfried " boats had fuel problems , so a re - fueling group was established north of the Azores , of 3 tankers and a flak boat as escort . " Siegfried " was deployed to intercept east - bound convoys in mid - Atlantic , planning to attack while travelling towards the re - fueling group and home bases in France . However the Allies became aware of " Seigfried " s position , and diverted their east - bound HX and SC convoys out of harm ' s way , leaving a massively re - inforced west - bound convoy , ON 207 to run into " Siegfried " as bait . Three " Siegfried " boats were destroyed in engagements with ON 207 ’ s escorts ( " U - 274 " , " U - 420 " , and " U - 282 " ) , while the re - fueling group was attacked by USN hunter - killer groups centred on the escort carriers " Block Island " and " Card " . Two " Siegfried " boats ( " U - 405 " and " U - 584 " ) and one tanker ( " U - 220 " ) were destroyed and the flak boat ( " U - 256 " ) was damaged and forced to return to base . " Siegfried " was re - configured after these actions to form three sub - groups ( " Siegfried 1 - 3 " ) and spread a wider net ; further re - arrangements followed throughout November and December . None of these were successful , as the Allies were able to divert convoys around the patrol lines or steer through the gaps . Re - fueling group The name . " Siegfried " was named for the legendary German hero Siegfried whose story is told in the Nibelungenlied
Wielingen - class frigate The " Wielingen " class is a class of four multi - functional frigate s built for the Belgian Navy . The ships are named after sandbank s in the North Sea , not far from the Belgian coast , or sea routes . The lead ship is named after the Wielingen sandbank . History . The Belgian government decided on 22 December 1970 to order four new frigates , which would be built by Belgian shipyards . These ships would replace the old escort ships of the " Algerine " class . The last of these left service in 1969 . Project studies had already begun in 1964 with the advice of the Dutch Navy and continued in 1971 in cooperation with the two Belgian shipyards , Boelwerf , at Temse , and Cockerill , at Hoboken , Antwerp . The construction of the ships began in 1974 . The four ships , " Wielingen " , " Westdiep " , " Wandelaar " and " Westhinder " , were commissioned in the following years . The fourth frigate , " Westhinder " , was decommissioned in 1993 according to the reforms of Defence Minister Leo Delcroix . She had previously been damaged during an anti - submarine exercise off the coast of Norway . The third ship , " Wandelaar " , followed in 2004 and was sold to the Bulgarian Navy the same year . " Wielingen " and " Westdiep " were sold to Bulgaria in 2008 .
Polish Legion in Finland Polish Legion in Finland ( " Legjon Polski w Finlandji " ) was a military unit comprising ethnic Poles who had been soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army in World War I . Created on April 24 , 1917 , in Viipuri , it existed until March 1 , 1918 . It comprised infantry battalion in Viipuri and infantry company in Ino and heavy artillery battery in Sveaborg . At its peak , the Legion comprised 37 officers , 1 , 700 soldiers and was commanded by Captain Stanislaw Boguslawski . The Legion , based in Viipuri , as well as other Finnish towns , such as Helsinki , Ina , Lappeenranta , Tampere , Vaasa , Turku , Oulu , Tornio , Hämeenlinna , Kokemäki , Rauma , Panelia ( Kiukainen ) , Riihimäki , Kotka , Mikkeli , Pori and Hanko , was subordinate to the Government of Finland , and took part in fighting with the Red Army troops , capturing a lot of equipment , which was handed to the Finnish Army .
39th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 39th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 39th Iowa Infantry was organized at Des Moines and Davenport , Iowa and mustered in for three years of Federal service on November 24 , 1862 . Attached to 3rd Brigade , District of Corinth , 17th Army Corps , Dept . of Tennessee , to January , 1863 . 3rd Brigade , District of Corinth , 16th Army Corps , to March , 1863 . 3rd Brigade , 2nd Division , 16th Army Corps , to September , 1864 . 3rd Brigade , 4th Division , 15th Army Corps , to August , 1865 . Moved to Cairo , Ill . , December 12 – 14 , 1862 ; thence to Columbus , Ky . , December 16 . Defense of Jackson , Tenn . , and pursuit of Forrest December 18 , 1862 , to January 3 , 1863 . Parker ' s Cross Roads December 30 – 31 , 1862 . Moved to Corinth , Miss . , January 6 , 1863 , and duty there until November , 1863 . Dodge ' s Expedition into Northern Alabama April 15 - May 8 . Great Bear Creek and Cherokee Station April 17 . Tuscumbia April 22 – 23 . Town Creek April 28 . March to Pulaski , Tenn . , November 2 – 12 , 1963 . Guard duty at Reynolds Station and along railroad until January 21 , 1864 , and at Pulaski until March 12 . Moved to Athens , Ala . , March 12 , and to Chattanooga , Tenn . , April 30 , 1864 . Atlanta ( Ga . ) Campaign May 1 to September 8 , 1864 . Demonstration on Resaca May 8 – 13 . Snake Creek Gap and Sugar Valley May 9 – 10 . Battle of Resaca May 13 – 14 . Ley ' s Ferry , Oostenaula River , May 14 – 15 . Rome Cross Roads May 16 . Kingston May 19 . Moved to Rome May 22 and duty there until August 15 . Expeditions after Wheeler August 15 - September 16 . Moved to Allatoona October 4 . Battle of Allatoona October 5 . Moved to Rome October 9 , 1864 . Reconnaissance and skirmishes on Gave Springs Road October 12 – 13 . Etowah River October 13 . March to the Sea November 15 - December 10 , 1864 . Ogeechee Canal December 9 . Siege of Savannah December 10 – 21 . Campaign of the Carolinas January to April , 1865 . Salkehatchie Swamps , S . C . February 3 – 5 . South Edisto River February 9 . North Edisto River February 12 – 13 . Columbia February 15 – 17 . Lynch ' s Creek February 25 – 26 . Battle of Bentonville N . C . , March 20 – 21 . Occupation of Goldsboro March 24 Advance on Raleigh April 9 – 13 . Occupation of Raleigh April 14 . Bennett ' s House April 26 . Surrender of Johnston and his army . March to Washington , D . C . via Richmond , Va . , April 29 - May 30 , 1865 . Grand Review May 24 . Moved to Louisville , Ky . , June . The regiment was mustered out on August 2 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . A total of 1064 men served in the 39th Iowa at one time or another during its existence . It suffered 6 officers and 58 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 2 officers and 134 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 200 fatalities .
Chef d ' escadre In the ancien Régime French Navy , the rank of chef d ' escadre ( literally , squadron commander , pronounced ) was equivalent to the present - day rank of rear admiral . It was replaced in 1791 by the rank of " contre - amiral " ( counter admiral ) . Chefs d ' escadre were naval generals . The first were created by Louis XIII in 1627 - he had a " chef d ' escadre of Normandy " commanding the port of Le Havre , a chef d ' escadre of Britanny commanding Brest et a chef d ' escadre of Guyenne commanding Brouage . Each of these chefs d ' escadres , as officiers d ' épée , was flanked by a commissaire général , an officier de plume . Their numbers grew rapidly : in 1635 a chef d ' escadre of Provence was created , then in 1647 a chef d ' escadre for Flanders , in 1663 one for Poitou - Saintonge , in 1673 , one for Picardy and one for Languedoc , in 1689 one for Aunis , in 1701 one for America , and in 1707 one for Roussillon . After 1715 , there were more chefs d ' escadre than there were coastal provinces , and so they started taking the title " chefs d ' escadre des armées navales " ( squadron - chiefs of the naval armies ) . From 1772 , there were 25 of them . The chefs d ' escadres were chosen from among the capitaines de vaisseau ; as the flag of their command they flew a " cornette " at the top of their flagship ' s main - mast ( a flag named after its resemblance in shape to a cornette , making it roughly the same shape as a British commodore ' s ' broad pennant ' ) .
36 ( Eastern ) Signal Regiment 36 ( Eastern ) Signal Regiment was a Territorial Army regiment in the Royal Corps of Signals in the British Army . The regiment formed part of 2 ( National Communications ) Signal Brigade , providing military communications for national operations . It was disbanded effective 31 March 2010 , with elements being subsumed by the 37th and 39th Signal Regiments Organisation . The regiment comprised Under the Strategic Review of the Reserves in April , 2009 the Regiment was downsized to a squadron , and became the 36 ( East Anglian ) Signal Squadron , based at Colchester , under 37 Signal Regiment based at Redditch . 36 ( East Anglian ) Signal Squadron comprises : 60 ( Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars ) Signal Squadron also downsized to 860 ( Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars ) Signal Troop and became part of the Berkshire Yeomanry , 94 Signal Squadron , under 39 ( Skinners ) Signal Regiment , at Bristol . Affiliations . 36 ( Eastern ) Signal Regiment is affiliated with the Worshipful Company of Poulters and each year the Master presents the " Poulters Plate " to the best soldier in the Regiment .
L and M class destroyer The L and M class was a class of sixteen destroyer s ordered for the Royal Navy . They were the first Royal Navy destroyers to have completely enclosed gun houses . At the outbreak of World War II , they were considered the Royal Navy ' s most advaned destroyer class . Design and Armament . The L and M class were designed to escort the new King George V class battleships . Since the King George V class was faster than previous classes , the Admiralty specified the need for completely enclosed gun houses . The gun houses , designated Mk . XX HA / LA , were not considered turrets since the ammunition hoist was separate to the gun mounting . Each ship of the class mounted six 4 . 7inch guns in three Mk . XX HA / LA gun houses in positions A , B and X . The ships also mounted four 40mm Anti - Aircraft guns on a single Mk . VII mount , eight Vickers 50 . machine gun s on two Mk . III mounts and eight torpedo tubes firing the 21inch Mark II torpedo . Each ship of the class had a single funnel . The hight of the new gun houses gave the ships a distinctive look and as a result meant that the wheelhouse was raised further . Wartime Modifications . Wartime modifications meant that the now outdated Vikers 50 . machine guns were replaced by up to five Oerlikon 20mm guns . A single QF 4inch MK V naval gun was also added to boost Anti - Aircraft performance . The ships torpedo capability was reduced with the removal of four of the original eight torpedo tubes . World War II . During the Second World War the L and M class were primarily used to escort larger ships and supply convoys . Out of the original sixteen ships , nine were lost in combat . See also . Preceded by : J , K , and N class Succeeded by : O and P class
Nigel Maddox Air Vice Marshal Nigel David Alan Maddox CBE Master RAF , is a retired senior officer of the Royal Air Force . Military career . Maddox was born in Middlesex and later attended Clark ’ s Grammar School in Southend on Sea . He joined the Royal Air Force in 1973 . He rose steadily through the ranks in a variety of roles and in 1988 studied at the Royal Naval Staff College at Greenwich , after which he became personal staff officer to the Air Officer Commanding No . 18 Group at Northwood . Throughout the 1980s and 1990s , Maddox held various staff jobs and undertook operational tours in Germany and the Falkland Islands . In 1998 he gained a posting to Northwood as Air Officer Maritime within Headquarters No . 3 Group and subsequently , as an air vice - marshal , he served as Air Officer Commanding No . 2 Group from August 2002 to July 2005 . He then became Commandant of the Joint Services Command and Staff College , a post he held until September 2007 . Maddox served as Chief of Staff ( Operations ) at RAF Air Command until he retired from RAF service in July 2009 and was succeeded by AVM Garwood .
15th Ludhiana Sikhs The 15th Ludhiana Sikhs was an infantry regiment in the British Indian Army . They could trace their origins to 1846 , when they were known as the Regiment of Ludhiana . During the Indian Mutiny they were relied upon to hold Benares throughout the period of the Mutiny . In 1861 , they became the 15th Bengal Native Infantry and shortly afterwards to the 15th ( Ludhiana ) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry in 1864 . Further changes in title followed they became the 15th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry ( Ludhiana Sikhs ) in 1885 , the 15th ( Ludhiana ) Sikh Infantry in 1901 and the 15th Ludhiana Sikhs following the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903 . To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905 . During this time they took part in the Battle of Ahmed Khel and the Battle of Kandahar in the Second Anglo - Afghan War . They then took part in the Battle of Tofrek and Suakin in the Mahdist War , the Chitral Expedition and the Tirah Campaign and World War I . During World War I they were part of the Jullundur Brigade , 3rd ( Lahore ) Division they served on the Western Front in France , in Egypt as part of the Western Frontier Force , and in the Mesopotamia Campaign . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army again moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . The 15th Ludhiana Sikhs now became the 2nd Battalion , 11th Sikh Regiment . This regiment was allocated to the new Indian Army after independence . Victoria Cross . Lieutenant John Smyth 15th Ludhiana Sikhs , was awarded the Victoria Cross , the United Kingdom ' s highest award for bravery in combat . The citation for this award , published in the London Gazette read :
M1841 Mountain Howitzer The M1841 Mountain Howitzer was a mountain gun used by the United States Army during the mid - Nineteenth Century , from 1837 to about 1870 . It saw service during the Mexican – American War , the American Indian Wars , and during the American Civil War ( primarily in the more rugged western theaters . ) The 1841 Mountain Howitzer is a type of bronze smoothbore 12 pounder , optimized for firing explosive shells as well as spherical case and canister . Its range was at 5° elevation with a charge of of black powder when firing shell . The original carriage design allowed the piece to be broken down into three loads for pack animal transport : the tube carried on one animal , carriage and wheels by another , and ammunition on the third . The Mountain Howitzer was designed to be light weight and highly portable . Because of this and its ease of disassembly it did not require roads for transportation making it well suited to Indian fighting and mountain warfare . In addition to the pack carriage , a prairie carriage was also created for traditional draft using only two horses . This versatility permitted their use with mounted forces in areas where roads were little more than paths . These small Howitzers provided artillery support for forces where it would otherwise be unavailable . However , their shorter range made them unsuitable for dueling with other field artillery .
USS Doran ( DD - 634 ) USS " Doran " ( DD - 634 ) , a " Gleaves " - class destroyer , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Medal of Honor recipient John James Doran . " Doran " was launched 10 December 1941 by Boston Navy Yard ; sponsored by Mrs . P . J . Hurley sister of Chief Master - at - Arms Doran , and commissioned 4 August 1942 , Lieutenant Commander H . W . Gordon in command . " Doran " sailed from Norfolk , Virginia on 23 October 1942 screening transports for the invasion landings at Safi , French Morocco , 8 November . Two days later while on patrol she investigated a beached submarine which turned out to be French . The submarine had escaped from Casablanca and had been abandoned after suffering several bombing attacks by American aircraft . " Doran " returned to Norfolk 24 November . Between 12 December 1942 and 28 April 1943 " Doran " made three voyages from New York and Norfolk to arrived at Oran on 22 June , and on 5 July got underway Casablanca . She sailed from Norfolk again 8 June , for the invasion of Sicily , screening transports off Scoglitti and providing fire support for the landings 10 July . She continued to serve in this operation with escort and patrol duty between Bizerte , Tunisia , and Sicilian ports until 21 August . Six days later she sailed from Casablanca for the United States , arriving at New York 14 September . Returning to convoy duty , " Doran " made five voyages between Boston and New York and ports in the United Kingdom between 22 October 1943 and 1 May 1944 . She sailed from Norfolk 17 May to return to the Mediterranean where she screened transports from Oran to Naples and conducted exercises and antisubmarine patrols off Oran and Gibraltar . She returned to New York 22 August and made one convoy voyage to Liverpool from 6 October to 1 November before sailing to the Panama Canal Zone as escort for " Randolph " ( CV - 15 ) . From 13 January to 26 April 1945 " Doran " escorted two convoys to Oran , then at Charleston , South Carolina , began conversion to a high - speed minesweeper . She was reclassified DMS - 41 , 30 May 1945 . Her conversion and shakedown completed , she sailed from Norfolk 2 July for a month of training at San Diego , called at Pearl Harbor , and reached Okinawa on 7 October . She swept mines in the Yellow Sea and served on escort and courier duty at Shanghai , China , until 3 January 1946 , when she sailed for Wakanoura Wan escorting the ships of Mine Squadron 11 ( MineRon 11 ) to buoy - laying duty . " Doran " remained on duty in Japan ese waters until 11 March when she sailed from Yokosuka for San Francisco , arriving the last day of the month . She was placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego 29 January 1947 . She was reclassified DD - 634 , 15 July 1966 . " Doran " received three battle star s for World War II service .