naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
CSS Tacony CSS " Tacony " was originally a bark captured by the Confederate cruiser CSS " Clarence " during the American Civil War and converted into a Confederate cruiser for commerce raiding . The CSS " Clarence " , commanded by Lt . Charles W . Read , captured the " Tacony " on June 12 , 1863 , and since it was a better ship suited for commerce raiding , the crew and armaments were transferred to it and the " Clarence " was destroyed . In its brief career as a Confederate cruiser it captured a number of ships : The " Whistling Ada " , " Arabella " , " Byzantium " , " Elizabeth Ann " , " Florence " , " Goodspeed " , " Isaac Webb " , " Z . A . Macomber " , " Marengo " , " Ripple " , " Rufus Choate " , " Shattemuc " , " Umpire " and " Wanderer " . Its final capture was the schooner " Archer " on June 25 , 1863 , which being a better ship suited for commerce raiding , the crew and armaments were transferred to it and the " Tacony " was destroyed .
William FitzGerald - de Ros , 23rd Baron de Ros General William Lennox Lascelles FitzGerald - de Ros , 23rd Baron de Ros of Helmsley , PC , DL ( 1 September 1797 – 6 January 1874 ) , was a British soldier and Conservative politician . A general in the Army , he also held political office as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard in 1852 and between 1858 and 1859 . Background . Fitzgerald - de Ros was born at Thames Ditton , Surrey , the third son of Lord Henry FitzGerald , fourth son of James FitzGerald , 1st Duke of Leinster and Lady Emily Lennox . His mother was Charlotte FitzGerald - de Ros , 21st Baroness de Ros , while Henry FitzGerald - de Ros , 22nd Baron de Ros , was his elder brother . Through his paternal grandmother he was a descendant of King Charles II . Military career . As a younger son , de Ros embarked upon a military career , joining the Life Guards as a cornet on 29 March 1819 . He subsequently became a lieutenant on 24 August 1821 , a captain on 23 October 1824 , a major on 5 June 1827 and a lieutenant - colonel on 8 September 1831 . In July 1835 , de Ros and the Earl of Durham travelled to the Black Sea for half a year to investigate Russian military preparations . He was appointed a Gentleman Usher Quarter Waiter to Queen Victoria in 1836 , but had surrendered the post by 1839 , when he inherited the barony of de Ros on the death of his eldest brother ( a middle brother , Arthur , had predeceased them ) . He became a colonel on 9 November 1846 , and was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the Tower of London on 13 February 1852 . Lord de Ros served as Quartermaster - General for the British Army in Turkey during the Crimean War between April and July 1854 , being promoted major - general on 20 June 1854 . Due to a severe attack of fever in July , perhaps brought on by his then - eccentric devotion to sunbathing , he was forced to return home as the army embarked for the Crimea . He was promoted lieutenant - general on 12 March 1861 , appointed colonel of the 4th ( Queen ' s Own ) Hussars on 6 February 1865 , and promoted general on 10 November 1868 . Political career . In February 1852 Lord de Ros was appointed Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard in the Earl of Derby ' s first administration , and sworn of the Privy Council . The government fell already in December 1852 , but when Derby returned to office in February 1858 , de Ros was once again made Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard . He continued in this post until Derby resigned in June 1859 . Family . Lord de Ros married Lady Georgiana Lennox ( Molecombe , Sussex , 30 September 1795 – London , 15 December 1891 ) , daughter of Charles Lennox , 4th Duke of Richmond , in London on 7 June 1824 . They had three children : Lord de Ros died at Old Court , Strangford , County Down , in January 1874 , aged 76 , and was succeeded in the barony by his only son , Dudley . Lady de Ros died in London in December 1891 , aged 96 .
SOMUA MCG The SOMUA MCG was a half - track artillery tractor and recovery vehicle of the French forces during World War II . It was used to tow medium artillery pieces such as the 155 mm mle 1917 howitzer and the 105 mm mle 1936 field gun , as well as their specific ammunition trailers . Of this main version 345 were produced : 264 until 1 September 1939 and another 81 until the end of May . There was also a recovery version , fitted with a crane , to recover broken - down tanks , of which about 440 were produced . Foreign use . After France surrender , many Somua MCG and MCL halftracks were captured by the Germans and put to use in the German army . Some were used as artillery tractors . Most were converted by Major Alfred Becker ' s workshop ( Baustab Becker ) into armoured halftracks . These were used to fill a variety of roles in 21st Panzer Division , when it was reformed after its destruction in North Africa . Variants of these included a armoured rocket launcher with a 8 cm R - vielfachwerfer , a self - propelled mortar mounting a 8 cm Reihenwerfer multiple mortar array and a tank destroyer version with a 75 mm Pak 40 anti - tank gun .
20th Special Forces Group The 20th Special Forces Group ( Airborne ) or 20th SFG ( ABN ) is one of two Army National Guard groups for the United States Army Special Forces . It is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama ( and is thus part of the Alabama Army National Guard ) and as part of the United States Southern Command has an area of responsibility covering 32 countries , including Latin America south of Mexico , the Caribbean , the Gulf of Mexico , and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean . The area is shared with the Eglin Air Force Base - based 7th Special Forces Group , which is the active Special Forces group responsible for the same region . The 20th Special Forces Group has battalion s from Alabama ( 1st Battalion ) , Mississippi ( 2nd Battalion ) , and Florida ( 3rd Battalion ) , with detachments in Roanoke Rapids , North Carolina ; Chicago , Illinois ; Glen Arm , Maryland ; and Chicopee , Massachusetts . There is also a MI company located in Louisville , Kentucky ; . Following the start of the Global War on Terror the 20th has been actively deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan .
No . 231 Squadron RAF No . 231 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Air Force between 1918 and 1946 , active in both World War I and World War II in various roles . History . In World War I . No . 231 Squadron was formed form Nos . 329 and 330 Flights of the seaplane station at the Seaplane Experimental Station at Royal Naval Air Station Felixstowe on 20 August 1918 and flew anti - submarine patrols for the remaining months of the war . On 7 July 1919 it was disbanded . In World War II . As an army co - operation squadron . On 1 July 1940 , No . 231 reformed from No . 416 Flight at RAF Newtownards as an army co - operation squadron equipped with Lysanders . In addition to taking part in excesises with the Army , it flew patrols along the border with Éire . In September 1941 conversion to Curtiss Tomahawks began , but a flight of Lysanders was retained until July 1943 . In March 1943 the squadron moved to Yorkshire but left a detachment in Ulster until July , and in April North American Mustangs began to arrive . By the time No . 231 joined No . 128 Airfield of Second TAF on 22 July 1943 , it was fully equipped with Mustangs , this type having flown the squadron ' s first offensive operations on 4 July . Shipping and weather reconnaissance missions , defensive patrols and ground attack sorties over northern France were flown until the squadron disbanded on 15 January 1944 . In the transport and communications role . On 8 September 1944 , No . 231 reformed at Dorval , Canada , from No . 45 Group Communications Squadron . The Group ' s main task was the ferrying of American and Canadian built aircraft across the Atlantic . It also administrated trans - Atlantic passenger and freight services and No . 231 ' s Coronado flying boats opererated between North America , West Africa and the UK , using Largs as its British terminal . Other flights were flown with landplanes , using several of the types available to No . 45 Group as required . In September 1945 the squadron moved to Bermuda , where it disbanded on 15 January 1946 . On 1 December 1945 , a flight was formed to train Avro Lancastrian crews at RAF Full Sutton but its task was taken over by the station when No . 231 disbanded , the Lancastrian Flight becoming the Lancastrian Training Unit / No 1699 HCU . Although it was allotted the squadron number on 16 January 1946 , training ceased on 28 March 1946 . Insignia . There is no official insignia noted for this squadron . There is however a black - and - white photograph of an unofficial insignia affixed to an entry dated March 30 , 1942 in the Pilots Log Book of Kenneth Oliver Peachey . The insignia is of a light coloured horse leaping over a fence from right to left . This is superimposed over a 3 leaf clover . A motto " in hoc signo vinces " appears under the insignia , which would translate as " In this sign you will conquer " . Aircraft operated . From September 1944 the squadron operated various different transport aircraft from Dorval :
Battle of the Bismarck Sea order of battle The Battle of the Bismarck Sea ( 2 – 4 March 1943 ) took place in the South West Pacific Area ( SWPA ) during World War II . During the course of the battle , aircraft of the U . S . 5th Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) attacked a Japanese convoy that was carrying troops to Lae , New Guinea . Most of the task force was destroyed , and Japanese troop losses were heavy . Japanese forces . Transports . Captain Kamataro Matsumoto Air Commodore J . E . Hewitt Allied forces . Motor Torpedo Boat Striking Force . Lieutenant Commander Barry K . Atkins
Gaius Calpurnius Piso ( consul 67 BC ) Gaius Calpurnius Piso was a consul of the Roman Republic . He was consul in 67 BCE with Manius Acilius Glabrio . He belonged to the high aristocratic party , and , as consul , led the opposition to the proposed law of the tribune Aulus Gabinius , by which Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was to be entrusted with extraordinary powers for the purpose of conducting the war against the pirates . The law , however , was carried , notwithstanding all the opposition of Piso and his party . Shortly afterwards , when the orders that Pompeius had issued were not carried into execution in Gallia Narbonensis , in consequence , as it was supposed , of the intrigues of Piso , Gabinius proposed to deprive the latter of his consulship , an extreme measure which Pompeius ' s prudence would not allow to be brought forward . Piso did not have an easy life during his consulship . In the same year the tribune , Gaius Cornelius , proposed several laws , which were directed against the shameless abuses of the aristocracy . All these Piso resisted with the utmost vehemence , and none more strongly than a stringent enactment to put down bribery at elections . But as the senate could not with any decency refuse to lend their aid in suppressing this corrupt practice , they pretended that the law of Cornelius was so severe , that no accusers would come forward , and no judges would condemn a criminal . They therefore made the consuls bring forward a less stringent law ( " Lex Atilia Calpurnia " ) , imposing a fine on the offender , with exclusion from the senate and all public offices . It was with no desire to diminish corruption at elections that Piso joined his colleague in proposing the law , for an accusation had been brought against him in the preceding year of obtaining by bribery his own election to the consulship . In 66 and 65 BCE , Piso administered the province of Gallia Narbonensis as proconsul , and while there , he suppressed an insurrection of the Allobroges . Like the other Roman nobles , he plundered his province , and was defended by Cicero in 63 BCE , when he was accused of robbing the Allobroges , and of executing unjustly a Transpadane Gaul . The latter charge was brought against him at the instigation of Caesar ; and Piso , in revenge , implored Cicero , but without success , to accuse Caesar as one of the conspirators of Lucius Sergius Catilina . Piso must have died before the breaking out of the civil war , but in - what year is uncertain . Cicero ascribes ( Brut . 68 ) to him considerable oratorical abilities . ( Plut , Pomp . 25 , 27 ; Dion Cass . xxxvi . 7 , 20 — 22 ; Ascon . in Cic . Cornel , pp . 68 , 75 , ed . Orelli ; Cic . ad Att . i . 1 , 13 , pro Place . 39 ; Sail . Cat . 49 . )
Wessex Brigade The Wessex Brigade was an administrative formation of the British Army from 1948 to 1968 . The Brigade administered the regular infantry battalions of the Wessex area of south and south west England . After the Second World War the British Army had fourteen infantry depots , each bearing a letter . The depots were territorially organised , and Infantry Depot H at Bulford was the headquarters for the six county regiments that recruited in Berkshire , Devon , Dorset , Gloucestershire , Hampshire , the Isle of Wight and Wiltshire . In 1948 , the depots adopted names and this depot became the Wessex Brigade , with all regiments being reduced to a single battalion at the same time . The Wessex Brigade was formally formed at Exeter on October 28 , 1948 and combined the depots of the following regiments : Under the Defence Review announced in July , 1957 , the infantry of the line was reorganised , and the number of battalions was reduced to four by amalgamation . Accordingly , on May 17 , 1958 the Devonshire Regiment and Dorset Regiment were amalgamated into the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment , while on June 9 , 1959 the Royal Berkshire Regiment and the Wiltshire Regiment were merged into the Duke of Edinburgh ' s Royal Regiment ( Berkshire and Wiltshire ) . Proposals were made over the next decade to amalgamate the Gloucesters and Royal Hampshires , which went as far as the battalions reducing ready for amalgamation , but this was cancelled less than two weeks before formation day . From 1958 all regiments in the Brigade adopted a common cap badge consisting of the Wessex wyvern on a plinth inscribed " Wessex " . On July 1 , 1968 the Wessex Brigade was united with the Welsh and Mercian Brigades , to form the Prince of Wales ' s Division .
Labuan War Cemetery Labuan War Cemetery ( ) is a Commonwealth World War II graveyard in Labuan , Malaysia . Many of the personnel buried in this cemetery , including Indian and Australian troops , were killed during the Japanese invasion of Borneo or the Borneo campaign of 1945 . Others were prisoners of war in the region . This graveyard was erected by Commonwealth War Graves Commission .
I Marine Amphibious Corps The I Marine Amphibious Corps , or I MAC , was a formation of the United States Marine Corps . It was created on 1 October 1942 , with most of the staff transferred from Amphibious Corps , Pacific Fleet ( ACPF ) . It was then deployed to the South Pacific Area a U . S . - led multinational military command active during World War II that was a part of the U . S . Pacific Ocean Areas first to Hawaii , then to New Caledonia . When the Marine Corps was not satisfied with the leadership of its commander , Major General Clayton B . Vogel , Commandant Thomas Holcomb ordered Alexander Vandegrift to take command . Vandegrift , the commander of the 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Guadalcanal was promoted to lieutenant general . General Vandegrift carried on in command of the Corps when its next - designated commander for the invasion of Bougainville , Major General Charles D . Barrett , died following a fall from the balcony of his quarters in New Caledonia . General Vandegrift led I MAC during the invasion and was later made the Commandant . Consisting of the 3rd Marine Division , the 37th Infantry Division of the United States Army , and a brigade of the 3rd New Zealand Division , it conducted the invasion of Bougainville . On 15 April 1944 , I MAC was renamed the III Amphibious Corps .
USS O ' Neill ( DE - 188 ) USS " O ' Neill " ( DE - 188 ) was a in the United States Navy . She was named for Ensign William Thomas O ' Neill , Jr . , killed on 7 December 1941 , during the attack on Pearl Harbor , while serving aboard . " O ' Neill " was laid down on 26 August 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company , Newark , New Jersey ; launched on 14 November 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . W . T . O ' Neill and commissioned on 6 December 1943 , Lt . David S . Bill , Jr . in command . World War II Atlantic operations . Following a shakedown cruise to Bermuda , " O ' Neill " reported to the U . S . Atlantic Fleet for duty . Her first major assignment was a convoy operation from New York to the United Kingdom . This was followed by a series of similar operations , shepherding convoys between U . S . ports and : Casablanca , French Morocco ; Bizerte , Tunisia ; and Belfast , Northern Ireland . All Atlantic crossings were made without the loss of a single vessel . Pacific Theatre operations . On 31 October " O ' Neill " transited the Panama Canal and reported to the Pacific Fleet . Arriving in the forward area in December , she joined the 3rd Fleet under Admiral Halsey , and took part in the operations which culminated in the reconquest of Luzon in the Philippines . In February 1945 , " O ' Neill " became a unit of the 5th Fleet under Admiral Spruance , and served as an escort for the transports which landed the 3rd Marine Division at Iwo Jima . This landing took place on 24 February , and thereafter " O ' Neill " served in the anti - submarine screen around the island . Invasion of Okinawa operations . After a passage to Milne Bay , New Guinea , " O ' Neill " joined the force assigned for the invasion of Okinawa . The initial landings were made on 1 April . In the prolonged fight for the island , she served almost continuously for 60 days on ASW picket duty — shooting down a Japanese twin - engined bomber on 25 May , and being hit by a kamikaze suicide plane on the 26th . On the latter occasion two men were killed and 17 were wounded aboard the ship . Return to United States for repair of kamikaze damage . Shortly after a change of command on 16 June , " O ' Neill " returned to San Pedro , California . for repairs of battle damage and major overhaul . While in San Pedro the war in the Pacific came to an end . On completion of overhaul , she again transited the Panama Canal , returning to the Atlantic Fleet . " O ' Neill " was placed out of commission in reserve on 2 May 1946 , and berthed at Green Cove Springs , Florida , until 23 October 1950 , at which time she was transferred to the Netherlands under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program . " O ' Neill " was struck from the U . S . Naval Vessel Register on 20 December 1950 . After operating as HNMS " Dubois " ( F - 809 ) she was returned to the US Navy in December 1967 , and was sold to a scrap yard in West Germany in February 1968 .
VS - MK2 mine The VS - MK - 2 is a plastic bodied scatterable anti - personnel blast mine manufactured by the now - defunct Valsella Meccanotecnica , SpA , an Italian high - tech defense contractor that specialized in the development and production of area denial systems . The mine is extremely difficult to detect because of its low metal content i . e . it is a minimum metal mine . Additionally , it is resistant to blast overpressure due to a pneumatic system in the fuze . The mine will also function in up to 1 meter of water . An electrically fused anti - handling version of the mine was also produced designated VS - MK - 2 - EL , VS - MK - 2 - E or VS - MK2 AR - AN to hinder clearance attempts . Although Italy has ceased production of this mine it may still be found in uncleared minefields located in Angola , Sudan and the Western Sahara . Description . The mine is circular and normally olive green or sand colored . The top of the mine has a black neoprene plunger / pressure plate , which rests on a small spring . The mine is internally divided into two sections separated by a small air bleed hole . When the plunger is compressed , air is forced through the bleed hole equalizing pressure in the upper and lower section . When the mine experiences sudden overpressure an air bladder inflates caused by the differential in pressure between the upper and lower sections , this prevents the activation of the mine . When constant pressure is applied the pressure equalizes gradually and the mine is activated , a firing pin is flipped sideways by the plunger into a stab - detonator , which fires the horseshoe - shaped main explosive charge . The amount of explosive in a VS - Mk 2 mine is comparatively small in relation to other anti - personnel mines because it is designed to disable victims , not kill them . Although the blast wound from an VS - Mk 2 is unlikely to be fatal ( assuming that prompt emergency medical care is provided ) it usually destroys a significant part of the victim ' s foot , thereby leading to some form of permanent disability regarding their gait . However , in situations where the victims are barefoot or wearing sandals , the blast wounds are more severe .
Ernst - Felix Krüder Ernst - Felix Krüder ( 6 December 1897 – 8 May 1941 ) was a Captain ( German : " Kapitän zur See " ) of the German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) who , during World War II , commanded a merchant raider . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Ernst - Felix Krüder was killed in action when on 8 May 1941 , auxiliary cruiser " Pinguin " ( HSK 5 ) was sunk by HMS " Cornwall " . 532 persons , among them 200 prisoners , were lost with the ship .
4729th Air Defense Group The 4729th Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the Boston Air Defense Sector at Westover Air Force Base , Massachusetts , where it was discontinued in 1958 . The group was formed to provide a single command and support organization for the two fighter interceptor squadrons of Air Defense Command ( ADC ) , that were tenants at Westover , a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) base . It was also assigned a maintenance squadron to perform aircraft maintenance . It was discontinued after the 324th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron moved in 1958 , leaving only a single fighter squadron at Westover . History . The group was established to provide a headquarters for Air Defense Command ( ADC ) Fighter - Interceptor Squadrons ( FIS ) stationed at Westover AFB , a Strategic Air Command base , whose 814th Air Base Group acted as host organization for the base . The 4729th was assigned the 324th FIS and 337th FIS , flying radar equipped and rocket armed F - 86 Sabre aircraft as its operational components , to provide air defense of New England . These squadrons were already stationed at Westover and had been assigned to the Boston Air Defense Sector . In August , maintenance for the two fighter squadron s was combined in the 603rd Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron ( CAMS ) , which was activated at Westover . The 324th FIS and 337th FIS upgraded to newer model Sabres with data link for interception control through the Semi - Automatic Ground Environment system in the fall of 1957 . In the spring of 1958 , the 337th FIS converted to F - 104 Starfighter aircraft . The group was discontinued when the 324th FIS departed for Morocco , leaving only a single operational ADC squadron at Westover . The 603rd CAMS was also inactivated , while the 337th FIS was then assigned directly to the Boston Air Defense Sector . Lineage . Assignments Stations Components References . Bibliography . Further Reading