naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Carp ( SS - 338 ) USS " Carp " ( SS / AGSS / IXSS - 338 ) , a " Balao " - class submarine , was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the carp , a fresh water fish inhabiting the waters of Europe , Asia , Africa , North and South America . " Carp " ( SS - 338 ) was launched 12 November 1944 by Electric Boat Co . , Groton , Conn . ; sponsored by Mrs . W . E . Hess ; and commissioned 28 February 1945 , Lieutenant Commander J . L . Hunnicutt , USNR , in command . " Carp " departed New London 14 April 1945 , conducted training at Balboa , Panama , and arrived at Pearl Harbor 21 May . On her first and only war patrol ( 8 June – 7 August ) , " Carp " cruised off the coast of Honshū , destroying small craft and patrolling for the carriers of the 3rd Fleet engaged in air strikes on the mainland . Undergoing refit at Midway when hostilities ended , " Carp " returned to Seattle 22 September . Based in San Diego as flagship for Submarine Division 71 , " Carp " operated along the West Coast with occasional training cruises to Pearl Harbor . Between 13 February and 15 June 1947 she made a simulated war patrol to the Far East , and in 1948 and 1949 " Carp " made two exploratory cruises to extreme northern waters , adding to the knowledge of an increasingly important strategic area for submarine operations . Converted to a Fleet Snorkel - type submarine in February 1952 , which added to her submerged speed and endurance , " Carp " supported United Nations ' forces in the Korean War during her cruise of 22 September 1952 – April 1953 to the Far East . Arriving at Pearl Harbor , her new home port 15 March 1954 , " Carp " remained on active duty with the fleet from that port through July 1959 . During this time she continued to make cruises to the Far East , one of which included a good - will visit to Australia and participation in a Southeast Asia Treaty Organization exercise , and to Alaskan waters . On 1 August 1959 " Carp " departed Pearl Harbor for her new assignment with the Atlantic Fleet . Arriving at Norfolk , Virginia , 28 August 1959 , the submarine conducted type exercises and training off the East Coast and in the Caribbean Sea through 1967 . " Carp " was redesignated an Auxiliary Submarine , AGSS - 338 , in 1968 , and Miscellaneous Submarine IXSS - 338 in 1971 . Around 1971 , " Carp " was moored at South Boston Naval Annex , across the harbor from Logan International Airport at about the point where Interstate 90 now crosses . She was used for training . Her battery room was converted into a television lounge , and her rudder was welded in place ; otherwise , " Carp " seemed fully operational to trainees . She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 20 December 1971 and sold for scrapping in 1973 . Her conning tower has been preserved at Seawolf Park on Pelican Island just north of Galveston , Texas . " Carp " received one battle star for her service in World War II . Her single war patrol was designated as " successful " .
10th Mechanized Corps ( Soviet Union ) The 10th Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War . Initially formed in March 1941 in response the German victories of 1940 it was attached to the Leningrad Military District , & held in reserve near Leningrad fortified region in Soviet Union It was under the command of Major General I . G . Lazarev when the German Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941 . It initially comprised the 21st and 24th Tank Divisions , & the 198th Mechanized Division . After the Invasion began the Leningrad Military District was renamed Northern Front , Commanded by Lieutenant General Markian M . Popov . The 10th Mechanized Corps was not involved in the first battles of Operation Barbarossa , being brought out of reserve on 10 July 1941 to form part of the Luga Operational Group under the command of Lieutenant General K . P . Piadyshev , defending the ' Luga Line ' . The defences for which were constructed by 55 , 000 civilians & which extended from Narva to Shimsk on Lake Ilmen . It first engaged 8th Panzer Division on 13 July 1941 along with the 177th Rifle Division isolating it from its neighbouring divisions for several days around Dno & costing it 70 of its 150 tanks destroyed or damaged . However the Luga Operational Group was encircled & destroyed on 8 August 1941 near Krasnogvardeisk which resulted in losses of 30 , 000 men , 120 tanks & 400 guns . The 10th Mechanized Corps was officially disbanded a short time later although individual units continued to exist separately for a short while .
Airbridge ( logistics ) An airbridge is the route and means of delivering material from one place to another by an airlift . An airbridge is the means by which an airhead is kept supplied by overflying enemy held territory . An airlift over an airbridge can also be used when the most convenient means of transport is by air , or as an additional supplement to other forms of transport . During the Second World War , the Germans used air bridges in two major battles : the Demyansk Pocket and the Battle of Stalingrad . As Demyansk turned into a German victory with the success of the bridge , Hermann Göring convinced Hitler a similar method could be used to supply the Sixth Army at Stalingrad . However , the Luftwaffe was never able to send in the necessary 800 tons of supplies per day . Two of the largest airbridges in history were : The Hump , ( the name given by Allied pilots in the Second World War to the eastern end of the Himalaya n Mountains over which they flew from India to China to resupply the Flying Tigers and the Chinese Government of Chiang Kai - shek ) and the Berlin Airlift , to overcome the Berlin Blockade from 24 June 1948 through to 11 May 1949 .
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 26 Launch Complex 26 ( LC - 26 ) is a deactivated launch site at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida . LC - 26 consisted of two pads , " A " and " B " . Pad A was used for the Jupiter - C and Juno I rockets , and was the launch site for " Explorer 1 " , the United States ' first satellite , in 1958 . Pad B was used for Juno II . Jupiter IRBM s were launched from both pads . In its early years , it was used to launch ballistic missiles on test flights , and could have been used for a nuclear strike against the Soviet Union if nuclear war had begun . On February 1 , 1958 ( January 31 local time ) , the US Army Ballistic Missile Agency launched " Explorer 1 " from LC - 26A . LC - 26 is also the home of the Air Force Space & Missile Museum . Access to the museum at LC - 26 as well as the adjoining LC - 5 and LC - 6 by the general public can be arranged through the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center " Cape Canaveral : Then and Now Tour " . The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station also offers monthly tours .
RFA Grey Rover ( A269 ) RFA " Grey Rover " ( A269 ) was a " Rover " class small fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary . She was decommissioned in 2006 . Launch and commissioning . " Grey Rover " was launched at the Swan Hunter yard , Hebburn on Tyne , on 17 April 1969 . The Lady Sponsor was Lady Parker , the wife of Vice Admiral Sir John Parker KBE , CB , DSC who was Flag Officer Medway . She was completed on 10 April 1970 and accepted into service 3 - months later than planned . In September 1970 , she took over from " Black Ranger " as FOST tanker . Operation Corporate . During Operation Corporate ( the Falklands War ) , " Grey Rover " was the only operational RFA tanker which remained on the home coast . She carried out RAS trials with STUFT ships en route to the Falkland Islands in the SW Approaches to the English Channel whilst herself based at Portland . The smallest vessel worked with was the trawler F / V Farnella and the largest was the liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 . Drugs seizure . On 2 February 2006 , while supporting the Type 42 destroyer HMS Southampton in the Caribbean as part of Atlantic Patrol Task ( North ) , " Grey Rover " was involved in the boarding of merchant vessel M / V Rampage and the seizure of 3 . 5t of cocaine with an estimated street value of £350 million . Decommissioning . " Grey Rover " ' s last refit was 15 June - 27 November 1998 which extended her service life into the 21st century . On 1 November 2004 , the Parliamentary Under - Secretary of State for Defence Procurement Lord Bach announced that " Grey Rover " would have a decommissioning date of 2007 . She paid off early on 15 March 2006 and was towed to Canada Dock , Liverpool for scrapping .
Joseph Karge Joseph Karge ( born Poznan , Poland July 4 , 1823 - December 27 , 1892 , New York City ) was a military officer and educator . He was involved in the unsuccessful 1848 revolutions in Poland and was sentenced to death . He fled to France , then England , and arrived in New York City in 1851 as a political refugee . He taught classes in classical literature and foreign languages until the Civil War . He joined the military as lieutenant colonel of the 1st New Jersey Cavalry and rose to colonel . He was wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run , which did not heal fully and rendered him inactive for most of the War . A later Congressional Record from 1894 noted he suffered a gunshot would that effectively ended his career in the military . He returned to lead the 2nd New Jersey Cavalry in November 1863 and took part in raids of Tennessee and Alabama . His victory over General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Bolivar , Tennessee is the only cavalry loss record for Forrest , who developed a reputation as a superb cavalry leader . Lincoln awarded Karge the title of brigadier general on March 13 , 1865 " for gallant and meritorious services during the war " at the recommendation of Benjamin Grierson . In the latter part of his life , he taught literature at Princeton University for the next twenty years of his life .
Stridsvagn 122 Stridsvagn 122 ( " Battle Tank 122 " ) is a modified version of the German - built Leopard 2A5 , utilizing newer technology such as , command , control and fire control systems , as well as reinforced armor and long - term combat capacity . Externally , the vehicle can be distinguished from the Leopard 2A5 by the French GALIX smoke dispensers , different storage bins , and the thicker crew hatches . The " Strv 122B " , a variant equipped with modular AMAP composite armour from IBD Deisenroth , provides " 360° protection " against threats such as EFPs , RPGs and IEDs . The width of exactly has been kept , while the weight increases by only . Discovery Channel named it the best main battle tank in existence as of 2010 . Features . The Stridsvagn 122 was designed to fight in Swedish conditions including heavily forested areas as well as urban terrain . It also had to overcome the perceived flaws of the original German tank , and features the following abilities : Production and Service . As of 2013 , only 120 of these tanks remain in active service while 160 earlier versions are kept in storage as a part of the Swedish army reserves . The active tanks are divided upon three regiments , namely Skaraborgs regemente , södra skånska regementet , and Norrbottens regemente .
19th Infantry Division ( India ) The Indian 19th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II , and played a prominent part in the final part of the Burma Campaign . It was raised in Secunderabad in India in October 1941 and became part of Southern Army which was mainly concerned with defence against possible seaborne invasion by the Japanese . The division originally consisted of the 47th , 48th and 49th Indian Infantry Brigades . Its first commander was Major - General Jackie Smyth VC , who left in December 1941 to command Indian 17th Infantry Division , then fighting in Burma . Between January and April 1942 all three brigades were reassigned and replaced by 62nd Indian Infantry Brigade , 64th Indian Infantry Brigade and 98th Indian Infantry Brigade . After short periods under the command of Geoffrey Scoones and Douglas Stuart the division in October 1942 came under the command Major - General Thomas Wynford Rees who was to command it until December 1945 . It spent an extended period on internal security duties and in training before being committed to Fourteenth Army on the Burma front in July 1944 . From October the division concentrated on the Imphal plain under IV Corps and from November its brigades were involved in operations on the Chindwin River advancing to establish contact with 36th Infantry Division advancing from the north on their left . Concentrating once more at Sinlamaung the division came under Indian XXXIII Corps , and played the major role in the capture of Mandalay which was completed on 20 March . Transferred to IV Corps , it guarded the British Fourteenth Army ' s line of communication and mounted an offensive towards Mawchi , in the Shan States . Its successes were due to its fitness and high morale . Not having been stationed in the unhealthy mountains on the Indian / Burmese border in 1943 , nor fought during the battles in 1944 , it had a high proportion of pre - war regulars among its officers and senior NCO ' s . The division was occasionally referred to as the " Dagger Division " , from its divisional sign , which was a hand thrusting a dagger overhand , in yellow on a red background . During World War II , a large number of brigades were assigned or attached to the division . The included at various points the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade , 47th Indian Infantry Brigade , 48th Indian Infantry Brigade , 49th Indian Infantry Brigade , 62nd Indian Infantry Brigade , 64th Indian Infantry Brigade , 98th Indian Infantry Brigade , 99th Indian Infantry Brigade as well as the 22nd ( East Africa ) Infantry Brigade . Order of Battle 1st March , 1945 . General Officer commanding : " Major General Thomas Wynford Rees " < br > Commander , Royal Artillery : " Brigadier John Alexander MacDonald " < br > Chief of Staff ( GSO1 ) : " Lieutenant Colonel John Masters " Postwar . Just before the Indian / Pakistani war of 1965 began , 19th Infantry Division was at Baramula under XV Corps ( India ) . Its brigades were the 104th Brigade , Tithwal , the 161st Brigade , Uri and the 268th Indian Infantry Brigade , Baramula .
Franz Maria Liedig Franz Maria Liedig ( 1900 - 1967 ) was a German Navy Officer and member of the military resistance against Adolf Hitler . Biography . Liedig volunteered the German Imperial Navy in October 1916 , was educated at the Naval Academy Mürwik and served as an Artillery Officer on a Torpedo boat . After a short time of internment at Scapa Flow in 1919 , he started to study at the Technical University Munich . Liedig was a member of the Freikorps Marinebrigade Ehrhardt , deployed in Berlin and Upper Silesia in 1919 / 20 , and a participant of the Kapp Putsch in March 1920 . Liedig left the German Navy in September 1920 and was active in some rightwing organisations throughout the 1920s . Liedig studied law and worked as a lawyer . In 1936 he rejoined the Navy at the instigation of Admiral Wilhelm Canaris , who knew Liedig from the Freikorps episode . Here he came in contact to members of the German military resistance such as Hans Oster and Hans von Dohnanyi . Around September 20 , 1938 the leading members of that opposition Erwin von Witzleben , Hans Bernd Gisevius , Hans Oster , Hans von Dohnanyi , and assumedly Carl Friedrich Goerdeler met Abwehr Captain Friedrich Wilhelm Heinz and Franz - Maria Liedig at Oster ’ s house in Berlin . Heinz and Liedig were instructed to form an assault group to arrest Adolf Hitler . After Witzleben left that meeting , both decided to shoot Hitler if possible . The plans were abolished after the Munich Conference . On October 8 , 1939 Liedig drove Hans Oster to the Dutch Military attaché in Berlin , Colonel Bert Sas . After Oster returned to the car , he told Liedig , that he just committed treason . In fact Oster informed Sas about the planned date of attack of the German Wehrmacht in the West . In 1940 Liedig became the Military attaché at the German embassy in Sofia and later on in Athens . In February 1944 he was removed as the First Officer of the German cruiser Köln in Oslo . After von Dohnanyi , Oster and Canaris were arrested by the Gestapo and the 20 July plot failed , the plans of 1938 were found on September 22 , 1944 at the Abwehr and Liedig was arrested in November 1944 . He was imprisoned at several concentration camps like Flossenbürg , Buchenwald , Dachau and finally transferred to Niederdorf amongst about 140 prominent inmates in late April 1945 , where the SS left them behind . Liedig was a founding member of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria in 1946 and their political executive in 1946 – 48 . Liedig died in 1967 .
Château de Loches The Château de Loches is a castle located in the " département " of Indre - et - Loire in the Loire valley in France ; it was constructed in the 9th century . Built some above the Indre River , the huge castle , famous mostly for its massive square keep , dominates the town of Loches . The castle was captured by King Philip II of France in 1204 . In 1985 it was converted into a museum , and has one of the most extensive collections of medieval armour in France . History . The castle was occupied by Henry II of England and his son , Richard the Lionheart during the 12th century , it withstood the assaults by the French king Philip II in their wars for control of France until it was finally captured by Philip in 1204 . Construction work immediately upgraded Loches into a huge military fortress . The castle would become a favorite residence of Charles VII of France , who gave it to his mistress , Agnès Sorel , as her residence . It would be converted for use as a State prison by his son , King Louis XI who had lived there as a child but preferred the royal castle in Amboise . During the American Revolution , France financed and fought with the Americans against England and King Louis XVI used the castle of Loches as a prison for captured Englishmen . At the time of the French Revolution , the château was ransacked and severely damaged . Some major restoration began in 1806 but today there are parts visible as ruins only . Owned by the Commune of Loches , the castle and the adjacent ancient Church of Saint - Ours are open to the public . Château de Loches has been recognised as a " monument historique " since 1861 and is listed by the French Ministry of Culture . Layout . The 11th - century keep – built by Fulk III , Count of Anjou – measures with walls thick . Its four storeys stand high . Each floor was a single room . As was typical of most keeps , the ground floor was mostly likely used for storage .
Semovente da 149 / 40 The Semovente da 149 / 40 was an Italian self - propelled artillery piece . Only a single unit was built ; this vehicle is displayed at the US Army Ordnance Museum , Aberdeen , Maryland . History . The Italian Army was not far behind the Germans in realizing the need for assault gun s and developed a string of vehicles that outwardly resembled the StuG III . These Italian assault guns were produced in appreciable numbers for they were better armored and quicker to produce than the contemporary Italian tanks . But by the time significant numbers had been issued , Italy was effectively out of the war , and most of these guns fell into German hands . The majority of these semovente were armed with 75mm and 105mm guns and howitzers , but were mostly direct fire weapons . The Italian artillery arm still needed self - propelled artillery weapons to support the armored formations . Ansaldo therefore diverted some of its development facilities to design a powerful artillery weapon that could be carried on a trucked chassis . In the end , Ansaldo settled on an existing weapon , the Cannone da 149 / 40 modello 35 and placed it on a much modified Carro Armato M15 / 42 tank chassis . The selection of these two pieces of equipment was made in order to produce as good a carriage / weapon combination as possible . The snag however was that the Italian army was already crying out for large numbers of both the gun and tank and Italian industry could not keep up with the demand . This new weapon , the Semovente da 149 / 40 got off to a shaky start . The Semovente da 149 / 40 was a completely unprotected weapon as the long gun barrel was placed on an open mounting carried on the turretless tank chassis . The gun crew stood in the open to serve the gun that had is trunnions mounted right to the rear to absorb some of the recoil forces produced on firing . It was late 1942 before the first prototype was ready for prolonged firing trials , but even before these were over unsuccessful attempts were being made to start production . Before the lines could start rolling the Italians surrendered to the Allies and the Germans took over what was left of the Italian economy . Thus the Semovente da 149 / 40 prototype remained the sole example of what seemed to be a promising design . The Cannone da 149 / 40 modello 35 could fire a shell to a range of , at which distance the lack of protection for the gun crew would have been of relatively little importance .
Frederick Carrington Major General Sir Frederick Carrington KCB , KCMG ( 23 August 1844 , Cheltenham – 22 March 1913 , Cheltenham ) , was a British soldier and friend of Cecil John Rhodes . He acquired fame by crushing the 1896 Matabele rebellion . Biography . Carrington was educated at Cheltenham College and joined the 24th Regiment of Foot in 1864 . In 1875 , he arrived in South Africa where he raised and commanded the Mounted Infantry in the Griqualand West expedition and the Frontier Light Horse in the Ninth Frontier War in 1877 . He commanded the Transvaal Volunteer Force against Sekhukhune in 1878 – 1879 and the Cape Mounted Riflemen in the Basuto Gun War of 1881 . He was severely wounded in this campaign . In 1885 , he accompanied Sir Charles Warren ' s expedition to Bechuanaland in command of the 2nd Mounted Infantry , which soon became known as ' Carrington ' s Horse ' . He commanded the Bechuanaland Police beginning in 1888 . He also was appointed military adviser to the High Commissioner in the First Matabele War and commanded the British force in the Matabele Rebellion in 1896 and the Rhodesian Field Force during the Second Anglo - Boer War . Carrington was in command of Belfast district in 1899 - 1900 . He was created a KCMG in 1887 , an KCB in 1897 , and retired with the rank of major - general . He was the father - in - law of World War I fighter ace William Mayes Fry and the father of the writer Dorothy Carrington .
Fort St . David Fort St . David was a British fort near the town of Cuddalore , a hundred miles south of Madras on the Coromandel Coast of India . History . It was bought from the Marathas by the British East India Company in 1690 . Robert Clive served as the governor of Fort St David in 1756 . The ruins of Fort St David situated on the River Gadilam has a memorable history . As a small fort built by a Hindu merchant it fell into the hands of the Marathas after the capture of Gingee Fort by Shivaji in 1677 . From them it was purchased by the English in 1690 : with the English renaming it as Fort St David after the patron Saint of Wales , since the then Governor of Madras , Elihu Yale , was Welsh . The purchase included not only the fort but the adjacent towns and villages within the random shot of a piece of ordnance . A great gun was fired to different points of the compass and all the country within its range , including the town of Cuddalore , passed into the possession of the English . The villages thus obtained are still spoken of as cannonball villages . James Macrae had been governor of the fort and in 1725 he became the Governor of the Madras Presidency . From 1725 onwards the fortifications were greatly strengthened . In 1746 Fort St David became the British headquarters for the southern India , and attacks by French forces under Dupleix were successfully repulsed . Robert Clive was appointed its governor in 1756 ; in 1758 the French captured it , but abandoned it two years later to Sir Eyre Coote , KB . In 1782 they again took it and restored it sufficiently to withstand a British attack in 1783 . In 1785 it finally passed into British possession .