naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Torbay ( S90 ) HMS " Torbay " is a nuclear submarine of the Royal Navy and the fourth vessel of her class . " Torbay " is the fifth vessel and the second submarine of the Royal Navy to be named after Torbay in Devon , England . The first was the 80 - gun second rate HMS " Torbay " launched in 1693 . " Torbay " was the first vessel to be fitted with the new command system SMCS - NG and therefore the first British warship to be controlled using the Microsoft Windows operating system . " Torbay " is scheduled to be decommissioned in 2015 and will be replaced by one of the new Astute class submarine s . she is undergoing extended maintenance and upgrades , with a return to service planned for summer 2013 , which may allow a life extension beyond the current decommissioning date . Operational history . " Torbay " completed a refuel and modernisation process in February 2001 . In early 2006 , " Torbay " was the participant in an experiment in the use of colour schemes to reduce the visibility of submarines from the air . The standard black paint of Royal Navy submarines was replaced by a carefully selected shade of blue . This was the result of research that found that black was the worst possible colour for a submarine attempting to avoid detection from the air . This change is in part the result of the changing nature of Royal Navy commitments since the end of the Cold War , with Navy operations moving from the murky waters of the North Atlantic to the clearer waters of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean . In November 2010 , it was reported in Hansard that " Torbay " had run aground in the Eastern Mediterranean in April 2009 . In May 2011 , she took part in Exercise Saxon Warrior in the Western Approaches . The exercise included the aircraft carrier , HMS " Dauntless " , HMS " Westminster " and a number of other vessels and culminated in a ' Thursday War ' . In late 2011 she entered a Revalidation and Assisted Maintenance Period ( RAMP ) at Devonport Royal Dockyard . This includes communications upgrades with installation of the Cromwell radio antenna to enhance internal communications and the ship alongside upgrade , plus inspection of the hull and reactor , an overhaul of one of the reactor coolers and upgrades to many other systems . the RAMP was 85 % complete , with a return to service planned for summer 2013 . In 2013 , there was a fire on board . In fiction . HMS " Torbay " is featured in Tom Clancy ' s novel " Red Storm Rising " , which saw the submarine engage and sink a Soviet " Alfa " - class submarine with Spearfish torpedo es . " Submarines , War Beneath The Waves , From 1776 To The Present Day " , by Robert Hutchinson
Ilia Odishelidze Ilia Odishelidze ( ) ; , " Ilya Zurabovich Odishelidze " ) ( 25 March 1865 — 1921 ) was a Georgian military leader who had also served as a general of the Imperial Russia n army . Born in Georgia , then part of the Russian Empire , he graduated from the 3rd Alexander ’ s School ( 1887 ) and the General Staff Academy in St Petersburg ( 1894 ) . The next ten years were spent in military work in various regions of the empire . He took part in the Russo - Japanese war ( 1904 – 1905 ) in the capacity of a chief of staff of the 6th Eastern Siberian Division . He served , from 9 November 1911 to 9 January 1914 , a governor general of Samarkand and was moved afterwards as a chief of staff of the Turkestan Military District . Promoted to lieutenant general on 11 October 1914 , he held various commanding posts in the 1st and 3rd armies from November 1914 to the fall of 1917 . On October 2 , 1917 he was appointed the commander - in - chief of the Caucasus Army . In January 1918 he was in command at Erzurum . After the total collapse of the Tsarist administration in the Caucasus , he resigned as a commander and helped to organize national Georgian divisions . In March 1918 , he served as deputy minister of war for the Transcaucasia n Transcaucasian Commissariat , but was sacked for his nationalistic sentiments . After Georgia ’ s declaration of independence ( May 26 , 1918 ) , he held various important posts in the national armed forces and served as the commander - in - chief of army from the Fall of 1920 to February 1921 . After the Soviet invasion of Georgia he was shot by the Bolsheviks .
Richard Clayton ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir Richard Pilkington Clayton GCB ( 9 July 1925 – 15 September 1984 ) was Commander - in - Chief Naval Home Command . Naval career . Clayton joined the Royal Navy in 1942 and served as a midshipman on HMS " Cumberland " until 1943 when he was on various destroyer s of the Home Fleet . He also served on HMS Striker during the Suez Crisis in 1956 . He became Commanding Officer of HMS " Puma " in 1958 and Executive Officer on HMS " Lion " in 1962 . He became Captain of the Gibraltar Dockyard in 1967 and then commanded HMS " Kent " and then HMS " Hampshire " in the late 1960s . He was appointed Flag Officer Second Flotilla in 1973 and Senior Naval Member on Directing Staff at the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1975 . He was appointed Controller of the Navy in 1975 and became Commander - in - Chief Naval Home Command in 1979 : he retired in 1981 . In retirement he became a Director at GEC and was a Governor of Rendcomb College . He died in a motor cycling accident in September 1984 .
German submarine U - 181 German submarine " U - 181 " was a Type IXD2 U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 15 March 1941 at the AG Weser yard at Bremen as ' werk ' 1021 . She was launched on 30 December 1941 and commissioned on 9 May 1942 under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Wolfgang Lüth . After training with the 4th U - boat Flotilla at Stettin , " U - 181 " was attached to the 10th flotilla for front - line service on 1 October 1942 , then transferred to the 12th flotilla on 1 November . Operational history . Under Lüth ' s command she sailed on two long combat patrols in late – 1942 and 1943 , haunting the waters off South Africa and Mozambique and sinking 22 ships for a total of 103 , 712 tons , making Lüth the second most successful U - boat commander of the war ( after Otto Kretschmer ) and earning him promotion to " Korvettenkapitän " and the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves , Swords and Diamonds . He went on to command the " 22nd U - boat Flotilla " . On 1 November 1943 under the command of " Fregattenkapitän " Kurt Freiwald and part of the 12th U - boat Flotilla , " U - 181 " sailed from her base in Bordeaux , France to Penang , Malaya ( now Malaysia ) in mid – 1944 , sinking four ships totalling 24 , 869 tons . On 1 October 1944 the U - boat was transferred to the " 33rd U - boat Flotilla " . She carried out only one patrol in the Indian Ocean , in 1944 – 1945 , sinking a single ship of 10 , 198 tons . After Germany ' s surrender in May 1945 the U - boat was taken over by Japan at Singapore and commissioned as " I - 501 " on 15 July 1945 . She surrendered to Allied forces there in August 1945 , and was sunk on 12 February 1946 in the Strait of Malacca , in position , by the British frigates and .
HMS E54 HMS " E54 " was a British E class submarine built by William Beardmore , Dalmuir . She was laid down on 1 February 1915 and was commissioned in May 1916 . She sank " UC - 10 " on 21 August 1916 . HMS " E54 " was sold on 14 December 1921 .
Conventional weapon The terms conventional weapons or conventional arms generally refer to weapon s that are in relatively wide use that are not weapons of mass destruction ( " e . g . " nuclear , chemical , and biological weapon s ) . Conventional weapons include small arms and light weapons , sea and land mines , as well as ( non - nuclear ) bombs , shells , rockets , missiles , and cluster munitions . These weapons use explosive material based on chemical energy , as opposed to nuclear energy in nuclear weapons . The acceptable use of all types of conventional weapons in war time is governed by the Geneva Conventions . Certain types of conventional weapons are also regulated or prohibited under the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons . Other are prohibited under the Convention on Cluster Munitions and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use , Stockpiling , Production and Transfer of Anti - Personnel Mines and on their Destruction .
220th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 220th Brigade ( 220 Bde ) was a Home Service formation of the British Army during World War I and World War II . World War I . 220 Bde was raised in late 1916 as part of 73rd Division , which had the dual role of training men for overseas drafts and providing forces for home defence . Composition . The following infantry battalions served in 220 Bde during World War I : On 21 December 1917 orders were issued to break up 73rd Division . Disbandment began in January 1918 and its last elements disappeared on 8 April 1918 . World War II . A new brigade under the title of 220th Independent Infantry Brigade ( Home ) was formed for service in the United Kingdom on 1 November 1940 , largely from battalions of East Anglian regiments . Composition . The following units served in 220 Bde : Commanders . The following officers commanded 220 Bde : Service . After a brief spell attached to the East Anglian 18th Infantry Division , 220 Bde became part of Norfolk County Division on 24 December 1940 . On 18 November 1941 the Norfolk County Division became 76th Infantry Division and 220th Independent Infantry Brigade ( Home ) was retitled 220th Infantry Brigade . On 1 September 1944 , the divisional headquarters was disbanded and 220 Bde became part of 47th ( London ) Infantry Division On 27 October 1944 47th Division ' s 141st ( 5th London ) Brigade was disbanded , and on 17 November 220 Bde was redesignated 141st Infantry Brigade , but with no London connection .
Motor Torpedo Boat PT 796 PT - 796 is a 78 - foot PT boat built by Higgins Industries of New Orleans in 1945 , which has had the status of National Historic Landmark since 1986 . She is part of the collection of the PT Boat Museum , which itself is part of the Battleship Cove museum in Fall River , Massachusetts . Design . " PT - 796 " was laid down on 3 May 1945 , launched on 23 June , and completed after the end of the war on 26 October . The last of her type to be constructed , she was nicknamed " Tail Ender " . The hull was constructed of two layers of planking . Unlike earlier PT boats , where the layers were laid diagonally , the outer layer of " PT - 796 " s hull is laid longitudinally , a change to the design believed to have been made to Higgins boats sometime in late 1944 . Also , instead of two layers of mahogany , the inner layer is spruce . The two layers are held together by copper rivets and bronze screws , with a sheet of canvas impregnated with marine glue between them . The boat ' s full - load displacement is . She is in length , with a beam of , and a draft of . Her three 12 - cylinder Packard V - 12 engines each drove a single shaft , giving the boat a top speed of . With a full load of 3 , 000 gallons of 100 octane aviation fuel she had a range of at a speed of or as far as at a speed of using only one engine . The boat was armed with two Mark 13 torpedo es on roll - off racks , and guns in the bows , a Bofors 40 mm gun at the stern , and two twin . 50 caliber M2 Browning machine gun s in mounts each side of the cockpit . She was also fitted with two Mark 50 rocket launchers , and a smoke generator at the stern . Ship history . Placed in service too late to take part in World War II , " PT - 796 " saw temporary post - war duty as part of MTB Squadron 1 , patrolling in the Caribbean and off the East Coast . She was reclassified as a " Small Boat " on 16 November 1945 . Stripped of armament she was then assigned to the Navy Operational Development Force and Naval Ship Research Development Laboratory in Panama City , Florida , where she was used for high - speed towing experiments during the development of equipment for use in riverine operations . In 1961 she participated in John F . Kennedy ' s inauguration repainted as . The boat was placed out of service on 7 July 1970 , and signed over to PT Boats , Inc . Restored to her original configuration , and has been displayed at Battleship Cove since 14 August 1975 .
Hugh Riddle Squadron Leader Hugh Joseph " Huseph " Riddle RAF ( 1912 – 2009 ) was a World War II Royal Air Force fighter pilot during the Battle of Britain . Early life . Hugh Joseph Riddle , known as " Huseph " , was born in London on 24 May 1912 and was educated at Harrow School . Air Force career . Riddle joined No . 601 Squadron RAF , part of the Auxiliary Air Force in early 1938 and was called to full - time service in October 1939 . Riddle flew with 601 Sqn throughout the Battle of Britain , along with his younger brother " Jack " . The squadron returned to Tangmere on 2 September and then moved to Exeter in 10 Group on 7 September 1940 . F / O Jack Riddle scored one kill before and one kill after joining No 601 Squadron during the Battle of Britain , while Hugh Riddle scored a single kill on 11 July 1940 flying with No 601 Squadron . Both Hugh and Jack Riddle were promoted to Squadron Leader on the same date : 1 December 1941 . Family . In 1937 Riddle married Joan , known as " Tinker " . Tinker was the daughter of Claude Johnson , first Managing Director of Rolls - Royce Ltd and first Secretary of the RAC . Riddle and Tinker had three children , all born after the war , Hugh ( " Ras " ) , Victoria ( " Wicky " ) and Arabel . When Riddle retired in 1974 , the couple moved to France . Tinker died suddenly in 1994 . Later life . After the war , Riddle returned to portrait painting . He became a member of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters and exhibited at the Society ' s Summer Exhibitions and at some Royal Academy exhibitions . Riddle painted the Queen in 1965 for the RAF Regiment . In 1977 he was commissioned by the Royal Household to paint Prince Edward as a Silver Wedding present for the Queen and Prince Philip . Huseph Riddle died on 16 April 2009 , aged 97 in Pierrevert , France .
Devonshire Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery Devonshire Cemetery is a small Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( CWGC ) burial site for some of the Commonwealth troops killed during the Battle of the Somme . It is located near to the village of Mametz . The cemetery grounds were assigned to the British Empire in perpetuity by the French state in recognition of the sacrifices made by the Allies in the defence of France during the First World War . All but two of the graves in the cemetery are of men from the 8th and 9th Battalions of the Devonshire Regiment . Foundation and development of the cemetery . The cemetery was established on 4 July 1916 , employing a section of the old front line trench in Mansel Copse . This ground had originally been held by troops of the 9th Devons before the attack towards the German positions in Mametz on 1 July . Casualties were extremely heavy . After the attack a wooden board was erected close to the mass grave with the legend , ' The Devonshires held this trench , the Devonshires hold it still ' . The same inscription is now to be found on the stone memorial tablet unveiled in 1986 . After the war , the architect W H Cowlishaw was commissioned to submit a design for a permanent site . Notable graves . The cemetery contains the graves of 163 soldiers . Captain William Noel Hodgson , MC , a war poet is buried here .
John William Kaye Sir John William Kaye KCSI ( 1814 – 24 July 1876 ) was a British military historian , civil servant and army officer . The son of Charles Kaye , a solicitor , he was educated at Eton College and at the Royal Military College , Addiscombe . From 1832 to 1841 he was an officer in the Bengal Artillery , afterwards spending some years in literary pursuits both in India and in Britain . In 1856 he entered the civil service of the East India Company , and when in 1858 the government of India was transferred to the British crown , he succeeded John Stuart Mill as secretary of the political and secret department of the India office . In 1871 he was made a KCSI . He died in London . He also edited several works dealing with Indian affairs ; wrote " Essays of an Optimist " ( London , 1870 ) ; and was a frequent contributor to periodicals .
Muhammad Sharif Pasha Muhammad Sharif Pasha ( 1826 – 1887 ) ( ) was an Egypt ian statesman of Turkish origin . He served as Prime Minister of Egypt three times during his career . His first term was between April 7 , 1879 and August 18 , 1879 . His second term was served from September 14 , 1881 to February 4 , 1882 . His final term was served between August 21 , 1882 and January 7 , 1884 . Sharif , who was from Kavala in northern Greece , filled numerous administrative posts under Sa ' id Pasha and Isma ' il Pasha . He was better educated than most of his contemporaries , and had married a daughter of Colonel Sèves , the French non - commissioned officer who became Suleiman Pasha under Mehmet Ali . As minister of foreign affairs he was useful to Ismail , who used Sharif ' s bluff bonhomie to veil many of his most insidious proposals . Of singularly lazy disposition , he yet possessed considerable tact ; he was in fact an Egyptian Lord Melbourne , whose policy was to leave everything alone . Sharif ' s favorite argument against any reform was to appeal to the Pyramids as an immutable proof of the solidity of Egypt financially and politically . His fatal optimism rendered him largely responsible for the collapse of Egyptian credit which brought about the fall of Ismail . Upon the military insurrection of September 1881 under Urabi Pasha , Sharif was summoned by the khedive Tawfiq to form a new ministry . The impossibility of reconciling the financial requirements of the national party with the demands of the British and French controllers of the public debt , compelled him to resign in the following February . After the suppression of the Urabi Revolt he was again installed in office ( August 1882 ) by Tawfiq , but in January 1884 he resigned rather than sanction the evacuation of the Sudan . As to the strength of the Mahdi st movement he had then no conception . When urged by Sir Evelyn Baring ( Lord Cromer ) early in 1883 to abandon some of the more distant parts of the Sudan , he replied with characteristic light - heartedness : " " Nous en causerons plus tard ; d ' abord nous allons donner une bonne raclée à ce monsieur " " ( We ' ll talk about that later , first we ' re going to give this gentleman ( i . e . the Mahdi ) a good thrashing ) . Hicks Pasha ' s expedition was at the time preparing to march on El Obeid . Sharif died in Graz , Austria - Hungary , on April 20 , 1887 .
Gerd Suhren Gerd Suhren ( 16 May 1914 , in Tafaigata , Samoa – 6 May 1991 in Bonn ) , was a German U - boat engineer ( Ing . ) in World War II and older brother of Fregattenkapitän and Knight ' s Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords recipient Reinhard Suhren . Gerd Suhren joined the Kriegsmarine in April 1933 . Since April 1937 he served in the U - boat force and got a solid pre - war training . In September 1939 he was chief engineer ( " Leitender Ingenieur " abbreviated LI ) on " U - 37 " and in the next year he rode 8 patrols on this boat . During this time he served under the command of Werner Hartmann , Victor Oehrn and Nicolai Clausen . He was the first engineering officer to be awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Gerd Suhren left " U - 37 " in October 1940 and became a training officer in the 25th flotilla . Later he served in several staff positions . In September 1944 he became once more the " Leitender Ingenieur " on the new commissioned type XXI U - boat under the command of Adalbert Schnee . He took part in the patrol , that " U - 2511 " rode in May 1945 . After the war Gerd Suhren served for more than 2 years in the German Mine Sweeping Administration . His parents and sister committed suicide in 1945 , after failure to escape from the Sudetenland .
54th ( East Anglian ) Infantry Division The British 54th ( East Anglian ) Division was a Territorial Army division . During the First World War the division fought at Gallipoli and in the Middle East . During the Second World War it was a home service division and did not see any combat . Unit History . First World War . The division landed at Suvla on 10 August in the Gallipoli Campaign , as a part of IX Corps under Lieutenant - General Stopford . It was moved to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Murray in late 1916 and garrisoned the southern part of the Suez Canal . Then in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign , during the First Battle of Gaza , on 26 March 1917 , the 161st Brigade and divisional artillery were in reserve while the 53rd ( Welsh ) Division carried out the main attack . These reserves were committed as the battle progressed resulting in the British gaining a foothold in the Turkish defences but the British commander called off the attack as night fell . In the Second Battle of Gaza , the 4th and 5th Battalions of the Norfolk Regiment sustained 75 per cent casualties ( about 1 , 200 men ) . It took part in the successful Third Battle of Gaza as part of XXI Corps led by General Bulfin , and by the end of 1917 General Allenby ' s forces had taken Jerusalem . In September 1918 the division took part in the Battle of Megiddo . Second World War . During the Second World War the 54th ( East Anglian ) Division remained in the United Kingdom as a local defence formation until it was disbanded and broken up on 14 December 1943 . Its component units would take part in the Normandy campaign as support units . Formation . The First World War division comprised three infantry brigade s :
102nd Infantry Regiment ( France ) The 102nd Infantry Regiment ( ) was an infantry regiment of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars . Its ancestor regiments were the Infantry Regiment of the Line Le Dauphin ( Nr . 29 ) and Royal - Deux Ponts ( Nr 99 ) . The Regiment was raised in 1667 by Michel De Fisicat , as " Le Dauphin " ( nr . 29 ) and in 26 April 1775 split into two regiments . The 1st and 3rd battalions retained the old title and number and the 2nd and rth battalions became the new Infantry Regiment " Perche " ( Nr 30 ) . Infantry Regiment of the Line " Perche " ( Nr 30 ) . Campaigns . Iniitially , the Regiment served in the Army of the Center , at Metz . Following the Battle of Valmy on 20 September 1792 , the Regiment was assigned to the Army of the Ardennes . In 1793 , the Regiment saw action in the Meuse campaign . In 1794 , it underwent its first amalgamation ( 17 May ) , under the Levée en Masse , and became the 2nd battalion 59th Demi - Brigade of Battle , with the 4th battalion , Volunteers of Paris , also called " < nowiki > ' < / nowiki > l ' Oratoire " and the 7th battalion of the Rhône - et - Loire , in the Army of the Moselle . In 1797 , the Regiment was part of the Armée de Sambre - et - Meuse . In 1798 , as part of the Army of Germany and the Army of Mayence ( Mainz ) , the Regiment saw action in the Rhineland . In 1799 , as part of the Army of Mayence , it was transferred to the Army of the Danube , under the general command of Jean - Baptiste Jourdan ; the Regiment was part of the I Division , under the immediate command of Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino , and participated in action at the Battle of Ostrach ( 20 – 21 March 1799 ) , and the Battle of Stockach , 25 – 26 March 25 – 26 , 1799 . On 25 September 1799 , the regiment fought at the Battle of Zurich .