naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
For Enforcing Peace For Enforcing Peace ( ) is a non - governmental medal established for the participants of the " peace - keeping operations of forcing Georgia to peace and liquidation of the humanitarian catastrophe in South Ossetia " . The medal was established on 14 August 2008 . The medal is awarded to the military personnel of Russian Army who directly participated in the operations , military personnel of South Ossetia and Abkhazia , civilians who actively helped conducting those operations . The medal is a golden circle of 32 mm in diameter . The obverse of the medal depicts a column of tanks on the background of the Caucasus mountains . On the reverse of the medal there are inscriptions " For Enforcing Peace " and " August 2008 " encircled by a laurel wreath with a five - pointed star on the top . The medal is connected to the ribbon of 24 mm width having the following stripes left - to - right : white ( 5 mm width ) , blue ( 4 mm width ) , white ( 2 mm width ) , red ( 2mm width ) , yellow ( 2mm width ) , blue ( 4mm width ) and red ( 5mm width ) . The colors symbolize Flag of Russia and Flag of South Ossetia . The medals are expected to be ready for awarding in September 2008 . See also . Peace enforcement
HMS Boyne ( 1810 ) HMS " Boyne " was a 98 - gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 3 July 1810 at Portsmouth . On 12 February 1814 she took part with HMS " Caledonia " in a hot action against the French line - of - battle ship " Romulus " off Toulon ; the French 74 managed to escape to Toulon by sailing close to the coast to avoid being surrounded . In 1834 she was renamed HMS " Excellent " and became a training ship . " Excellent " was broken up in 1861 .
Battle of Aligarh The Battle of Aligarh also known as the Battle of Ally Ghur was fought between the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company during the Second Anglo - Maratha War ( 1803 – 1805 ) at Aligarh , India . Aligarh Fort , one of the strongest forts in India , was fortified and commanded by a French mercenary officer Pierre Perron . It was laid under siege on 1 September 1803 , by the British 76th Regiment , now known as the Yorkshire Regiment , under General Lord Gerard Lake . It was captured from the Marathas on 4 September 1803 . During the assault , fourteen ditches were lined with sword - blades and poisoned chevaux - de - frise around the fort by the French . The walls were reinforced with French artillery and tigers and lions of Scindia ’ s menagerie were also used by the French . During the battle , the British lost as many as 900 soldiers . The then Duke of Wellington declared the capture as " One of the most extraordinary feats " .
USS Washington ( 1776 lateen - rigged galley ) USS " Washington " ( 1776 lateen - rigged galley ) was a galley in the service of the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War . " Washington " was capable of propulsion by sail or by the paddling of oarsmen . During a battle with British warships , " Washington " “ struck her colors ” and was captured by the British . Built on Lake Champlain . The third ship to be named " Washington " — a lateen - rigged , two - masted galley — was built on Lake Champlain at Skenesboro , New York , in the autumn of 1776 . On 6 October 1776 , the galley joined the small fleet established and commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold . Battle of Valcour Island . " Washington " — commanded by Brigadier General David Waterbury , Arnold ' s second in command — was among Arnold ' s ships that anchored in the lee of Valcour Island to await the expected English move . When that lakeward push began , Capt . Thomas Pringle , of the Royal Navy , led a 25 - ship fleet past Valcour Island on 11 October . Pringle sighted the American fleet after he had passed it and attacked from leeward . In the ensuing action , " Washington " suffered the heaviest damage of any ship in Arnold ' s fleet ; Waterbury , her commander , subsequently reported that she was " . . . so torn to pieces that it was almost impossible to keep her above water . " Arnold regrouped his shattered fleet and slipped past the British on 12 October with muffled oars , the Americans slipping noiselessly past Pringle ' s fleet in a desperate attempt at escape . However , after a long chase , the British caught the retreating Continental force the following day , on 13 October , at Split Rock near Crown Point . After the battle . Arnold managed to beach and destroy four of the galleys and his own flagship , " Congress " , while most of the remaining ships escaped upriver . Only " Washington " — at the rear of the van — was captured by the enemy ; she struck her colors , as Arnold reported later , " . . . after receiving a few broadsides . " Final disposition . " Washington " was eventually taken into British service , apparently retaining her name , and was re - rigged as a brig . Her subsequent fate , however , is unrecorded .
Frank Perconte Technician Fourth Grade Frank J . Perconte ( March 10 , 1917 – October 24 , 2013 ) was a non - commissioned officer during World War II with Easy Company , 2nd Battalion , 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment , 101st Airborne Division in the United States Army . He was portrayed by James Madio in the HBO / BBC miniseries " Band of Brothers " . Youth . Perconte was born and raised in Joliet , Illinois . His parents were Joseph Perconte , who died in 1929 , and Mary Carbone . He was raised Catholic and attended parochial schools . He graduated Joliet Central High School in 1935 . During Great Depression , he and some of his friends moved to Gary , Indiana and worked in a steel mill . He enlisted on August 17 , 1942 in Chicago , Illinois with childhood friend Herman Hanson , and , along with Wayne Sisk and Carwood Lipton , they were the first four soldiers assigned to Easy Company Military service . Perconte was a non - commissioned officer in 1st Platoon . In 1942 , while on leave from Toccoa , he married Evelyn and had a son named Richard . He participated in the division ' s airborne assault on France on D - Day , and saw action during Operation Market Garden and the Battle of the Bulge . On Easy ' s assault on the town of Foy on January 13 , 1945 , he was shot in the thigh by a German sniper . Frank was out for a couple of days before re - joining Easy at the town of Haguenau . In late April 1945 , Perconte along with Denver Randleman , and a few others were patrolling an area outside of Company E ' s headquarters , and along the way they discovered the Kaufering concentration camp in Landsberg , Germany . Perconte ran back to headquarters and alerted Major Richard Winters . Perconte and Winters were joined by the rest of Easy company on the trip back to the camp . Later years . Perconte survived the war and returned home to become a postman . He demobilized earlier than most of his counterparts as he was married and had a child . Until his death , he lived in Joliet , Illinois . His nephew , Jack Perconte , played major league baseball during the 1980s with the Los Angeles Dodgers , Cleveland Indians , Seattle Mariners , and Chicago White Sox . Perconte was one of 20 contributors to the 2009 book " We Who Are Alive and Remain : Untold Stories from the Band of Brothers " , published by Penguin / Berkley - Caliber . At the time of his death , he was the oldest living member of Easy Company , 2nd Battalion 506 PIR . He died on October 24 , 2013 and is survived by his son Richard and two grandchildren .
Scout plane A scout plane is type of surveillance aircraft , usually of single - engined , two / three seats , shipborne type , and used for the purpose of discovering an enemy position and directing artillery . Therefore a scout plane is essentially a small naval aircraft , as distinguished from a tactical ground observation aircraft , a strategic reconnaissance " spyplane " , or a large patrol flying boat . Scout planes first made their appearances during World War I . Major naval powers , keen on developing the new medium of aerial warfare , converted a number of vessels as seaplane tender s for scouting purpose . Similarly , battleship s began to mount short flight decks on top of gun turrets , enabling small fighter - type aircraft to take - off from them ; these single - seater " scouts " , having no floats to land on and having no landing decks to return to , either had to find dry land for landing , or else had to ditch onto the sea . After World War I , a more satisfactory ( although still clumsy ) solution had been found , in which catapult s were mounted onto battleships , cruiser s and seaplane tenders , used to launch scout planes ; these floatplanes or small flying boats would land on water , and then be winched back onto the ships by cranes . Well - known scout planes of these type include the British Supermarine Walrus , the German Arado Ar 196 , and the American Curtiss SOC Seagull . Meanwhile , aircraft carrier s also began to appear ; these rarely carried dedicated scout planes , but usually combined this function with other types of aircraft , such as dive bomber s ( hence this type of aircraft was known in the United States Navy as " scout bomber " ) or torpedo bomber s ( " torpedo scouts " ) . While the " traditional " role of scout planes was to spot enemy fleets , during World War II scout planes were essential for battleships and other surface warships during bombardment of land targets , as it was difficult to see an enemy position , even with binoculars . The scout plane , for the U . S . , this was usually the Vought OS2U Kingfisher , which would fly over the position , giving the ship a latitude / longitude destination . The ship would then open fire on that area , thereby indirectly attacking the enemy , and allowing ground troops or fighter / bomber aircraft to access the area . Quite possibly the most illustrious use of scout planes were with the sister battleships and . Their extremely long range meant that they could fire over the horizon , and scout planes were needed to spot enemy ships . Seven seaplane scouts were carried on each ship , including four Aichi E13A for long - range reconnaissance , and three Mitsubishi F1M s for artillery direction . Japan also pioneered the concept of submarine - borne scout planes , with a number of large submarines having waterproof hangars and catapults to carry scout floatplanes during World War II . Due to the advanced technology used by today ' s cruisers , destroyers , and other surface vessels , and the use of ship - launched UAV s for the same sorts of " spotting " missions in the 21st century , scout planes are no longer needed for long range exchanges .
Battle of Rudau The Battle of Rudau ( , ) was a medieval pitched battle fought between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights on February 17 or 18 1370 near Rudau village north of Königsberg ( now Melnikovo village in the Kaliningrad oblast ) . According to the Teutonic chronicler Wigand of Marburg and the Livonian chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge , the Lithuanians suffered a great defeat . The Teutonic Knights had waged a crusade against the pagan Lithuanians since 1290s in order to Christianize the country . Each side would organize military expeditions against each other and then retaliate . In August 1369 the Knights burned a Lithuanian fort in the mouth of the Nevėžis River ; 109 people perished in the fire . During truce negotiations Kęstutis , brother and right - hand man of the Grand Duke Algirdas , warned the Prussian Marshal Henning Schindekop that he would organize a retaliation . This gave time for the Knights to prepare for an attack and they organized their army in Königsberg . Kęstutis and Algirdas led their army , composed of Lithuanians , Samogitians , Ruthenia ns , and Tatars , to Prussia earlier than anticipated by the Knights . The Lithuanians took and burned Rudau Castle . Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode decided to take his army from Königsberg to meet the Lithuanians near Rudau . Contemporary Teutonic sources do not give details about the course of the battle , which is somewhat unusual . Details and battle plans were later provided by Jan Długosz ( 1415 – 1480 ) , but his sources are unknown . The Lithuanians suffered a defeat . Algirdas took his men to a forest and hastily erected wooden barriers while Kęstutis withdrew into Lithuania . Marshal Schindekopf pursued the retreating Lithuanians , but was injured by a spear and died before he reached Königsberg . The Lithuanian noble Vaišvilas is presumed to have died in the battle . Teutonic sources exaggerate the Lithuanian losses , claiming that 1 , 000 to 5 , 500 men perished due to wounds , freezing weather , and starvation . That such numbers were exaggerated is shown by several robust Lithuanian military campaigns in the same year : a raid to Ortelsburg ( Szczytno ) , large advances in the Galicia – Volhynia Wars , and the second raid to Moscow . The Teutonic Knights also suffered heavy losses : they lost several of their officers , including the marshal and two komtur s . That the victory was not so one - sided as claimed by official Teutonic sources is also supported by a local legend that at a critical moment , when the Knights were about to give in to Lithuanian pressure , apprentice shoemaker Hans von Sagan replaced the fallen standard - bearer of Marshal Schindekop and led the Knights to victory . The victory was attributed to the Virgin Mary and in her honor Kniprode established the Augustinian convent at Heiligenbeil ( Mamonovo ) . The battle marked the last serious threat from the Lithuanians in Prussia in the 14th century .
Ian MacDougall Vice Admiral Ian Donald George MacDougall ( born 23 February 1938 ) is a retired senior commander of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , who served as Chief of Naval Staff from 1991 to 1994 . He also served as Commissioner of New South Wales Fire Brigades , and is Patron of the Submarines Association Australia . Early life . MacDougall was born in Sydney , New South Wales , on 23 February 1938 to James MacDougall and his wife Eileen ( née Stanbridge ) . In 1954 , MacDougall entered the Royal Australian Naval College at Jervis Bay as a 15 year old cadet midshipman . Career . MacDougall went on to command the submarine s HMS " Otter " and HMAS " Onslow " , the guide missile destroyer HMAS " Hobart " and the fleet tanker HMAS " Supply " . He became Director of Submarine Policy in 1982 , Commander of the submarine base HMAS " Platypus " in 1985 and Director General of Joint Operations and Plans for the Australian Defence Force in 1986 . He was appointed Maritime Commander Australia in January 1989 , Deputy Chief of Naval Staff in July 1990 and finally Chief of the Naval Staff in March 1991 . He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in the 1993 Birthday Honours List , and retired in March 1994 . On his retirement from the RAN , MacDougall was appointed Commissioner of New South Wales Fire Brigades . He fulfilled the role for nine years , being awarded the Australian Fire Service Medal in the Australia Day Honours of 2000 . He retired to Tasmania in 2003 . From 2003 to 2007 , he was Independent Chairman of the board of the Co - operative Research Centre – Bushfires , and from 2005 to 2007 he was also Chairman of the Australian Veterans Children Assistance Trust .
Canon d ' Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP The Canon d ' Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP ( 37mm mle . 1916 ) was a French infantry support gun , first used during World War I . " TRP " stands for " tir rapide , Puteaux " ( fast - firing , designed by the " Atelier de Puteaux " ) . The tactical purpose of this gun was the destruction of machine gun nests . It was also used on aircraft such as the Beardmore W . B . V and the Salmson - Moineau . Fighter ace René Fonck used a 37mm mle . 1916 on a SPAD S . XII . Description . For transport , this weapon could be broken down into 3 sections . In addition , wheels could be attached for towing . These guns were sometimes equipped with an armour ed shield . They were all equipped with a removable APX telescopic sight . U . S . high explosive ammunition for the TRP was the Mark II HE shell with a projectile weighing 0 . 67 Kilograms and a TNT bursting charge of 27 . 2 grams . The French Army used the " Obus explosif Mle1916 " HE round with a projectile weighing 0 . 555 Kilograms and a bursting charge of 30 grams . Captured rounds of this type were designated " Sprgr 147 ( f ) " by the German military in World War II . History . During the First World War , the U . S . acquired a number of these guns , which they designated " 37mm M1916 " . During the interwar years the US Army adopted a . 22 caliber device to train with the 37mm cannon as an economic measure that allowed training on indoor ranges . By 1941 the U . S . Army had put most of these into storage , scrapped them , or converted them for use as subcaliber devices for heavy guns . Some were used in the Philippines Campaign in 1941 - 42 due to shortages of the 37mm M3 . The Japanese " Type 11 " was based on this design . The French Army still had the cannon in service in 1940 as a substitute for the 25 mm Hotchkiss anti - tank gun , which was in short supply . After the defeat of France by Germany , the Wehrmacht began using the TRP under the designation " 3 . 7 cm IG 152 ( f ) " .
PLZ - 07 The PLZ - 07 or Type 07 is a Chinese 122 mm self - propelled artillery made by the China North Industries Group Corporation ( NORINCO ) . The PLZ - 07 self - propelled howitzer was first unveiled to the public during the military parade celebrating 60th anniversary of the PLA on 1 October 2009 . The PLZ - 07 was developed to replace the older Type 89 , Type 85 and Type 70 / 70 - 1 122 mm self - propelled artillery systems . The PLZ07 122mm tracked self - propelled gun mounts a 122 mm gun armed turret on the PLZ45 hull . The vehicle weighs 22 . 5 tons fully loaded and carries 40 rounds of ammunition . It is 6 . 66m high , 3 . 28m wide and 2 . 5m high to the turret roof . It carries a crew of five and its 440 kW diesel engine gives it a top road speed of 65 km / hr and a maximum road range of 500 km . The gun is a Chinese copy of the Russian D30 howitzer and besides the QJC - 88 12 . 7 x 108mm heavy machine gun mounted on the turret roof there are two triple banks of 76mm smoke grenade dischargers on either side of the turret . The gun has an elevation from 0° to + 70° and a maximum rate of fire of 6 – 8 rounds per minute . The gun has a maximum range of 18 km with normal ammunition , 22 km with base bleed and 27 km with rocket assisted rounds . Designs . PLZ - 07 self - propelled artillery chassis is developed from ZBD - 97 infantry fighting vehicles . The main armament is 122 mm artillery which is from Chinese derivation of Soviet D - 30 artillery and a 12 . 7 mm machine gun as a secondary armament . The PLZ - 07 is powered by 600 hp diesel engine .
30 - pounder short gun The 30 - pounder short gun was a piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of sail . They were the middle - sized component of the unified system standardised on the 30 - pounder calibre , replacing both the 24 - pounder s and 12 - pounder s in many usages . Usage . The 30 - pounder short gun was installed on the lower deck on frigates and on the middle deck of three - deckers , the main battery being armed with 30 - pounder long gun s and the upper deck , with 30 - pounder carronade s . History . In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars , the Navy undertook a number of reforms , most notably a reform in the artillery system . In contrast with the 1788 system , where large warships armed their main batteries with large 36 - pounder long guns and upper deck with smaller long guns using smaller shots , it was decided to standardise on the 30 - pound calibre , and deploy a variety of guns of different weights , as not to overload the tops . The differences in weight were obtained by fielding a large 30 - pounder long gun , a shorter 30 - pounder with a thinner barrel , and a 30 - pounder carronade . This allowed a much simplified handling of ammunition , and significantly increased the broadsides of warships . A first - rank 60 - gun frigate of the 1840s thus armed had a heavier broadside than a 74 - gun ship of the line of the 1780s .
Georg Elfvengren Colonel Georg ( Yrjö ) Elfvengren ( 1889 , Hamina – 1927 ) was a Finnish officer of the Russian Imperial Guard during the First World War and a noted commander of the Finnish Civil War and Heimosodat , who sympathized with the Russian White movement and fought against Finnish and Russian Red Guards on the Karelian Isthmus on both sides of the Finland - Russia border . From November 1919 to May 1920 he was the chairman of the governing council of the Republic of North Ingria . He was executed by shooting in Moscow in 1927 .
USS Union ( 1841 ) The first USS " Union " was a steamer designed and constructed by the U . S . Navy as an experimental improved version of its current steam - powered ships which were not considered as efficient as they should be . " Union " was laid down at the Norfolk Navy Yard , Portsmouth , Virginia , in 1841 ; launched in late 1842 ; and commissioned at Norfolk , Virginia , in early 1843 , Lt . W . W . Hunter in command . Testing of a new design for propulsion of wheel - powered ships . The Navy tested various designs of propulsion machinery during the transition to steam power in the early 19th century . Among these first experiments were " Union " and " Water Witch " — each fitted with an innovation named the Hunter Wheel . The Hunter Wheel was named after Lt . W . W . Hunter and consisted of a conventional paddle wheel drum placed horizontally within the vessel below the water - line . The paddles were so arranged as to project from a suitable opening in the side of the ship when at right angles to the keel . Water was kept from entering by a cofferdam placed around the paddle wheel drum and against the side of the ship . Field testing of the Hunter Wheel . " Union " left Norfolk , Virginia , on a trial cruise in February 1843 . She stopped at Washington , D . C . , Boston , Massachusetts , New York City , and Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , before returning to Norfolk in June . Although both Lt . Hunter and Secretary of the Navy Abel P . Upshur highly praised the vessel , it was later discovered that her engines wasted too much energy uselessly driving the paddle wheels through the water - filled cofferdam inside the ship . Later that year , Union put into the Washington Navy Yard for repairs . Continued testing of the device . " Union " joined the Home Squadron in 1844 and conducted a second series of test runs ending in early 1845 . She was placed in ordinary at the Washington Navy Yard on 30 February . While she was laid up , it was decided to replace her original engines with ones of greater power . The alterations were completed at Washington in 1846 but failed to increase the efficiency of the paddle wheels . The ship was placed in ordinary at Norfolk as of November 1847 . Post - testing career of the " Union " . In 1848 , " Union " was sent to the Philadelphia Navy Yard and converted into a receiving ship . Her machinery and paddle wheels were removed at this time and sold . " Union " remained at Philadelphia as a receiving ship until sold there in 1858 .
112th Infantry The 112th Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army . The regiment traces their origins to 1796 , when they were raised as the 2nd Battalion , 6th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry . The regiments first action was on the Battle of Khadki in the Third Anglo - Maratha War . They also took part in the Battle of Miani and the Battle of Hyderabad during the conquest of Sindh . They next took part in the central Indian campaign after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . During World War I they were attached to the 17th Indian Division in the Mesopotamia Campaign . They were involved in the Action at Fat - ha Gorge on the Little Zab and the Battle of Sharqat in October 1918 . After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments . In 1922 , the 112th Infantry became the 3rd Battalion 4th Bombay Grenadiers . After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army .