naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
13 . 2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun The 13 . 2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun was a heavy machine gun designed and manufactured by Hotchkiss et Cie from the late 1920s until World War II when it saw service with various nation ' s forces , including Japan where the gun was built under licence . Development . In the late 1920s , Hotchkiss proposed a range of anti - aircraft automatic weapons in the 13 . 2 , 25 and 37 mm calibres . They were all based on the same type of gas - operated action . The 8 mm mle 1914 machine gun had proven extremely reliable during World War I and was still in service . Hotchkiss also advertised the 13 . 2 mm machine gun as an infantry weapon , that could be fitted on conventional tripods and be used against light armour . French infantry commanders , that had expressed interest in acquiring light anti - aircraft guns , refused the 13 . 2 mm . They argued that those heavy bullets falling down could be dangerous to friendly troops , and went to larger calibres where self - destructing shells were available . But the 13 . 2 mm Hotchkiss saw extensive use as a naval gun , and was also chosen by the French cavalry for some of its armoured vehicles . Service . As a ground - based anti - aircraft weapon . The French Air Force used a twin mounting on a tripod carriage , designated as mitrailleuse de 13 , 2 mm CA mle 1930 , for close - range defence of its airfields and other strategic places . As a naval weapon . Early in World War II , the French and Japanese navies were using twin and quadruple mountings on many of their warships . French warships that were refitted in the USA in 1943 , such as the battleship " Richelieu " or the destroyer " Terrible " , had their 13 . 2 mm machine guns replaced by more efficient Oerlikon 20 mm cannon s . The Spanish Navy bought this weapon in December 1935 and used it during the Civil War ( where it was mounted in several Republican Navy destroyers and cruisers ) . < br > The " Pirotecnia Militar " Army Ammunition plant ( Sevilla ) produced its cartridges after 1939 . As a ground weapon . The 13 . 2 mm Hotchkiss was used on the Belgian T15 ( a combat vehicle ) and the French AMR 35 , light tanks as well as the " AMD Laffly 80 AM " armoured car and on fortifications . The Japanese mounted license - produced version of the gun on a number of Type 92 Heavy Armoured Car s which had initially been armed with only a pair of 6 . 5mm machine guns . Self - propelled mountings . Several self - propelled anti - aircraft combinations were tested in the 1930s , with Citroën - Kegresse or Berliet chassis , but none was mass - manufactured . The Free French used field - modified self - propelled mountings , with guns recovered from French ships , in North - East Africa in 1942 .
Erich Würdemann Erich Würdemann ( 15 January 1914 , in Hamburg – 14 July 1943 , west of Vigo in the Bay of Biscay ) was a German U - boat commander in World War II and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Career . In April 1933 , Würdemann joined the " Reichsmarine " , which became the " Kriegsmarine " two years later . During the first year of the war he served on the destroyer " Paul Jacobi " , before transferring to the U - boat force in November 1940 . After the usual training he served for one patrol aboard under Wolfgang Lüth , before commissioning the Type IXC U - boat in September 1941 . He sailed on five war patrols , and sank 15 merchant ships for a total of and damaged three ships ( ) . Würdemann ' s most successful patrol ( his second ) took him into the Gulf of Mexico in May 1942 , where he sank nine ships and damaged three . His next patrol took him to the waters off West Africa , where he sank another five ships and was involved in the Laconia incident . After " U - 156 " sank the passenger liner , which was carrying 450 British and Polish soldiers , and about 1 , 800 Italian prisoners of war , the U - boat commenced rescue operations , and was joined by other U - boats in the area , including " U - 506 " , but were later attacked by an American aircraft , which resulted in Admiral Dönitz issuing an order to the Navy not to pick up survivors . Würdemann sailed to the waters off South Africa in early 1943 and sank two more ships . Finally , on 14 July 1943 , six days into his fifth patrol , Würdemann was killed , along with all but six of his crew , when " U - 506 " was sunk by depth charge s in the Atlantic west of Vigo , Spain , by an B - 24 Liberator of the USAAF 1st Antisubmarine Squadron . Summary of career . Ships attacked . As a U - boat commander of Erich Würdemann is credited with the sinking of 14 ships for a total of , further damaging three ships of and damaging one ship so severely that it was a total loss of .
Belgian frigate Leopold I ( F930 ) The F930 " Leopold I " is a of the Naval Component of the Belgian Armed Forces . Prior to 29 March 2007 , the ship was known as the HNLMS " Karel Doorman " ( F827 ) . It is one of the two frigates of this class that was purchased from the Royal Netherlands Navy on 22 December 2005 . The F930 " Leopold I " is currently commanded by Frigate Captain Renaud Flamant . The rank of Frigate Captain in the Belgian Naval Component is equivalent to the rank of Commander in the Royal Navy and the United States Navy . HNLMS Karel Doorman . The HNLMS " Karel Doorman " was the first ship of the of multi - purpose frigate s ( also known as " M - fregat " class ) . She was the third ship in the Royal Netherlands Navy to be named after admiral Karel Doorman , who was killed during the battle of the Java Sea . It was laid down on 26 February 1985 , launched on 20 April 1988 and commissioned on 31 May 1991 . She took part in anti - drug operations in the Caribbean together with the US Navy , was part of the UN operations in the Adriatic Sea during the conflicts in the former republics of Yugoslavia , as well as various NATO exercises . Sale to Belgium . On 20 July 2005 , the Belgian government decided to buy two of the remaining six Dutch " M " - class frigates to replace the two remaining frigates of the ( " Wielingen " and " Westdiep " ) currently in service with the Belgian Naval Component . On 22 December 2005 , " Karel Doorman " and " Willem van der Zaan " were sold to Belgium . The HNLMS " Karel Doorman " was taken out of service in 2006 and turned over to the Belgian Naval Component on 29 March 2007 when it was christened the F930 " Leopold I " , in honour of the first King of the Belgians , by Queen Fabiola of Belgium at the Zeebrugge Naval Base . The patronage of the F930 " Leopold I " was accepted by the city of Nivelles . The " Willem van der Zaan " was commissioned into the Belgian Naval Component as the F931 " Louise - Marie " in April 2008 . East African venture . The F930 " Leopold I " embarked upon its first official mission for the Naval Component on 5 September 2007 , with destination East Africa . The operation was given the appropriate codename " East African Venture " . On 30 November 2007 it arrived back at its home port of Zeebrugge , marking the end of its first operational deployment in Belgian service .
Baghar Cheena airstrike The Baghar Cheena UAV strike ( Baghar Cheena literally means " Without Sugar " in Urdu ) happened in the evening on Tuesday 17 September 2008 , when four missiles fired from an United States Air Force drone aircraft hit the village of Baghar Cheena in the mountains of South Waziristan , in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) of Pakistan , about 4 kilometres from the Afghan border and 55 kilometres west of Wana , the main town in the region and close to Angoor Ada , the village that was raided by US commandos on 3 September . The missiles hit a militant training camp , killing five and injuring at least six people . This was the sixth confirmed U . S . missile attack inside Pakistan since the end of August 2008 , and comes two days after a Pakistan - U . S standoff on 15 September 2008 , in which Pakistani forces fired shots into the air , in order to deter U . S . forces from entering Pakistani territory . The incident came as the top US military commander , Admiral Michael Mullen met Pakistan ’ s most senior army officer , General Ashfaq Kayani and prime - minister Yousuf Raza Gilani in Islamabad to discuss growing tension over US attacks along the border .
Battle of Cane Hill The Battle of Cane Hill was fought during the American Civil War on November 28 , 1862 in Washington County , Arkansas . Union troops under Brig . Gen . James G . Blunt drove Confederates under Brig . Gen . John S . Marmaduke back into the Boston Mountains in northwestern Arkansas . The Battle of Cane Hill was part of a Confederate attempt to drive the Union forces back into Missouri and recapture ground lost during the Pea Ridge campaign of early 1862 , when Union forces had secured parts of northern Arkansas . Now , Confederate General Thomas C . Hindman moved his army of 11 , 000 soldiers into Fort Smith , Arkansas , and prepared to move across the Boston Mountains into the extreme northwestern corner of the state . Awaiting him there was Blunt with 5 , 000 troops . Hindman hoped to attack Blunt ' s force , which was over from the nearest Union reinforcements . Hindman dispatched Marmaduke and 2 , 000 cavalry troopers to hold Blunt in place while Hindman moved the rest of his force through the mountains . Blunt disrupted the Confederate plan by advancing south when he heard of Marmaduke ' s approach . Marmaduke was not prepared to meet Blunt , who was further south than expected . Marmaduke ' s troops were surprised and outnumbered when Blunt suddenly attacked on November 28 . Marmaduke began a hasty retreat and ordered Col . Jo Shelby ' s cavalry to fight a delaying action while the rest of the Confederates headed for the mountains . Blunt pursued Marmaduke ' s forces for before the Confederates reached the safety of the hills . Though the conflict lasted for nine hours , casualties were light . The Union troops suffered 41 men killed or wounded , while the Confederates lost 45 . This small engagement was a prelude to a much larger clash at the Battle of Prairie Grove , Arkansas , nine days later . Blunt ' s advance left him dangerously isolated from Union forces in Springfield , Missouri , but when Hindman attacked again on December 7 , he again failed to expel Blunt from northwestern Arkansas .
BNS Sangu BNS " Sangu " is an Island Class Offshore patrol vessel of the Bangladeshi Navy , built as the Royal Navy Offshore Patrol Vessel , HMS " Guernsey " ( P297 ) . History . Built by Hall , Russell & Company , she was modelled on the ocean - going trawlers FPV Jura ( 1973 ) and FPV Westra ( 1974 ) . She was launched as HMS " Guernsey " ( P297 ) in 1977 . She and HMS " Lindisfarne " were the last of their class to be sold to the Bangladesh Navy , on 29 January 2004 , to protect the Exclusive Economic Zone ( EEZ ) in the Bay of Bengal . Career . The class of patrol boats was built to enforce a fishing zone around the UK , netting hundreds of thousands of pounds in fines . The " Sangu " was commanded under the command of the Commodore Commanding Khulna ( COMKHUL ) , but now it is commanded by Commodore Commanding BN Flotilla . About 100 personnel serve at " Sangu " , which is categorized as Large Offshore Patrol Vessel in the Bangladesh Navy .
Breda Meccanica Bresciana Breda Meccanica Bresciana , widely known simply as Breda , is a large Italian manufacturer of small arms and ammunition located in Brescia . History . Breda made its mark before and during World War II producing a large selection of automatic weapons , light artillery and aircraft for the Italian military . This work had started during World War I supplying parts for Fiat machineguns . Most famous of these were the Breda machine guns , which were standard for Italian forces through the war . Larger 20 mm and 47 mm weapons were also produced . Additionally , a wide variety of non - weapon products have been built , including marine and rail engines , and thermal plants . Currently , Breda focuses on production of shotgun s and firearm accessories . In 1989 it acquired the firm Menarini of Bologna , producing buses and other transport vehicles ( now known as BredaMenarini Bus ) . Breda machine guns . The Breda machine gun family included infantry models , aircraft guns and 20 mm anti - aircraft guns . The two most common models were the infantry guns M30 and M37 , and the Breda - SAFAT aircraft machine guns . The M37 was a tripod mounted 8 mm heavy , crew served machine gun . It fired from feed clips similar to those of the French Hotchkiss . The 20 / 65 Modello 35 was a versatile belt - fed 20 mm machine gun that saw widespread use as an anti - tank and anti - aircraft gun during World War II . Large numbers of captured Modello 35s were also used by British forces in North Africa . Breda - SAFAT in both 7 . 7 mm and 12 . 7 mm calibers was the standard weapon on Italian fighter aircraft of World War II .
USS Poseidon ( ARL - 12 ) The USS " Poseidon " ( ARL - 12 ) was one of 39 " Achelous " - class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II . Named for Poseidon ( the Greek god of the sea ) , she was the only ship U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . Her keel was laid down as " LST - 1037 " by the Boston Navy Yard in Boston , Massachusetts , on 10 July 1944 . She was renamed " Poseidon " and given hull classification symbol " ARL - 12 " on 12 June 1944 ; launched on 24 August 1944 ; sponsored by Mrs . Nora T . Twomey ; and placed in reduced commission on 22 September 1944 . Following initial commissioning , " Poseidon " steamed south to Baltimore , Maryland , where she decommissioned and completed conversion to a landing craft repair ship . Commissioned in full 13 February 1945 , she completed shakedown in Chesapeake Bay and , assigned to ServRon 10 , sailed for Ulithi , thence , in early June , to Okinawa . There , at Kerama Retto and at Buckner Bay , she repaired landing and patrol craft until the cessation of hostilities . Ordered back to the United States after World War II for inactivation , she decommissioned on 30 November 1946 and was berthed with the Columbia River Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet . She remained a unit of that group until struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 July 1961 . She was sold 3 November 1961 to the Marine Power and Equipment Company of Seattle , Washington . Her final fate is unknown .
Georg Jauer Career . He joined the Imperial German Army in 1914 and served in the 15th Artillery Regiment in World War I as a Leutnant . He became an ordnance officer and was retained in the Reichswehr as an artillery officer and by 1935 he had reached the rank of Major . At the outbreak of World War II he was serving in the army personnel office as an Oberstleutnant . In March 1941 as an Oberst he was appointed the commander of the 29th Artillery Regiment and on 15 March 1942 he took command of the Artillery Regiment Großdeutschland . In April 1943 after a spell in the leadership reserve he commanded the 20th Motorized Infantry and 20th Panzer Grenadier Division on promotion to generalmajor and took part in the Battle of the Kamenets - Podolsky Pocket . He then led the 25th Panzer Division at the Battle of Kiev . On 12 March 1945 he was promoted to General der Panzertruppe as commander of the élite Panzer Corps Großdeutschland and continued to serve in this command until the German surrender . He was released from allied captivity in July 1947 .
Charles L . Bolte General Charles Lawrence Bolte ( May 8 , 1895 – February 11 , 1989 ) was a U . S . Army general and World War I and World War II veteran . Military career . Bolte graduated from what is today the Illinois Institute of Technology with a degree in chemical engineering . He began his military career in 1916 when he earned a commission in the Army as a second lieutenant . Two years later , he shipped off for France and saw combat in the Battle of Saint - Mihiel and the Meuse - Argonne Offensive as a member of the 58th Infantry , 4th Division . He was wounded in action September 19 , 1918 . Bolte returned to the United States as a captain in August 1919 , completed the Infantry Advanced Course at Fort Benning in 1930 , graduated in 1932 from the Command and General Staff School , and was ordered to the American Barracks , Tientsin , China for duty with the 15th Infantry as S - 3 Company and Battalion Commander . In April 1936 , Bolte was assigned to command a battalion of the 13th Infantry at Fort Devens , Massachusetts . The following August , he entered the Army War College , graduated in June 1937 , and remained there as an instructor until 1940 . In 1941 , Lieutenant Colonel Bolte journeyed to London as head of a group of Army observers and , early in 1942 , assumed the position of Chief of Staff of U . S . Forces in the United Kingdom . As a major general , he commanded the 69th Division in Mississippi in 1943 and then , in July 1944 , took over the 34th Infantry Division then in combat on the Arno River , Italy . Bolte lead the 34th through several successful actions , including the rupture of the Gothic Line , the winter campaign in the Apennine Mountains , the break - through and the capture of Bologna , the surrender of the Axis forces in Italy on April 29 , 1945 , and the subsequent occupation of the Northwestern and then the Northeastern sectors of Italy . Bolte earned two Distinguished Service Medal s , the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit and the Purple Heart for his exploits . Bolte served in Washington after the war and in 1953 , as a lieutenant general , became Commander in Chief , U . S . Army , Europe . Later that year , General Bolte returned home to serve as Army Vice Chief of Staff under General Matthew B . Ridgway . Bolte retired from active service in 1955 . Post military . Following retirement , he worked as special assistant to the chairman of the board of American Car & Foundry Industries from 1955 to 1958 . He then became Chairman of the Board of Advanced Growth Capital Corporation , retiring from this in the 1960s . He was also active in charitable work , and served as President of the Army & Navy Club . He died February 11 , 1989 at Mount Vernon Hospital , Virginia , after a stroke , and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery .
Marine Aircraft Group 46 Marine Aircraft Group 46 ( MAG - 46 ) was a United States Marine Corps reserve aviation group based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , California with subordinate units spread throughout California . It previously composed of one adversary squadron equipped with the F - 5 , one CH - 46 squadron , one CH - 53E squadron , one AH - 1W and UH - 1N squadron and a maintenance and logistics squadron . MAG - 46 fell under the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing and Marine Forces Reserve . Due to a re - organization within Marine aviation , the group was deactivated in 2009 . Mission . Organize , train and equip individual Marines and combat - ready squadrons and to augment and reinforce the active component when required in order to serve as part of our total force . History . Marine Aircraft Group 46 was activated March 1 , 1944 as Marine Base Defense Aircraft Group 46 at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro , California . The Group ’ s primary mission was to administer and supervise training for combat duty , and other activities of the attached squadrons and detachments . It also trained replacement pilots and crew for Marine squadrons operating in combat areas . MAG - 46 was redesignated on November 10 , 1944 as Marine Aircraft Group 46 . Another redesignation occurred on May 15 , 1945 when it was assigned the title of Marine Air Support Group 46 . The termination of hostilities in the summer of 1945 was followed by the rapid demobilization . One result of this policy was the deactivation of the group on 15 March 1946 . Six years later , a major reorganization within Marine Aviation began . This reorganization coincided with the formation of 4th Marine Division in the reserve . Changes included reactivation of MAG 46 . Thus on July 1 , 1962 , Marine Aircraft Group 46 was reactivated at Grosse Ile , Michigan and moved to Naval Air Station New York in Brooklyn on November 1 , 1965 . In early 1971 , MAG 46 moved back to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro , California and remained there until August 1994 when the Group relocated to its final location at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , San Diego , CA . From the 90 ’ s into the new millennium all of MAG - 46 flying and support units have answered the call to the Global War on Terrorism . MAG - 46 squadrons have participated in Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan . On June 19 , 2009 , the squadron was deactivated at MCAS Miramar California
Ezra B . Taylor Ezra Booth Taylor ( July 9 , 1823 – January 29 , 1912 ) was a U . S . Representative from Ohio . Biography . Taylor was born in Nelson Township , Portage County , Ohio and attended the common and select schools and academies . He studied law and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Portage County in 1845 . Taylor was elected prosecuting attorney in 1854 and moved to Warren , Ohio , in 1861 . During the American Civil War , he enrolled as a private in Company A , One Hundred and Seventy - first Ohio Infantry , on April 27 , 1864 . He was mustered into service on May 5 , 1864 , and was honorably discharged on August 20 , 1864 . Taylor was elected judge of the court of common pleas for the ninth judicial district of Ohio and served from March 1877 to September 1880 , when he resigned . Taylor was elected as a Republican to the Forty - sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James A . Garfield . He was reelected to the Forty - seventh and to the five succeeding Congresses and served from December 13 , 1880 , to March 3 , 1893 . He was an outspoken opponent of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 , arguing that Chinese immigrants were being singled out by laborers on the West Coast . He served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary ( Fifty - first Congress ) but declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1892 . After leaving office he resumed the practice of his profession . He died in Warren , Ohio , January 29 , 1912 and was interred in the Warren mausoleum at Oakwood Cemetery . In 1849 , Taylor was married in Ravenna to Harriet M . Frazier , who died in 1876 . They had a daughter and a son . The former , Harriet Taylor Upton was a famous suffragette and author .