naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Cvitan Galić Cvitan Galić ( born on November 29 , 1909 – died on April 6 , 1944 ) was a Croatian World War II fighter ace . Galić was born on November 29 , 1909 in the village of Gorica near Ljubuški . He finished grade school in the town of Sovići . In 1927 he was transferred to the Yugoslav Royal Air Force and finished its pilot academy in Mostar by 1932 . During the April War , he was in Kosor near Mostar . He flew to Sinj where he joined the newly formed Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia . He joined the Croatian Air Force Legion and went to Fürth near Nürnberg for special training before going to the Eastern Front as part of 15 ( kroat . ) / JG 52 , a Croat " staffel " attached to Jagdgeschwader 52 of the Luftwaffe . Flying a Bf 109E - 4 , he scored his first victory on 2 March 1942 , a R - 10 shot down over Magnitovka . By June 1943 Galić had scored 38 confirmed air victories and had completed 2 tours with the Croatian Air Force Legion . He was awarded the German Cross in Gold on 23 June 1943 . From Germany he also received the Iron Cross 1st Class and 2nd Class . He received the Ante Pavelić Award for Bravery which gave him the title of " vitez " ( knight ) . He was killed by strafing Spitfire IXs of No . 2 Squadron SAAF South African Air Force on 6 April 1944 at Zalužani airfield near Banja Luka when a bomb hit his Morane - Saulnier M . S . 406 . He had just moments earlier landed after completing a patrol and was in the act of leaving the cockpit when the attack occurred . He was buried at Mirogoj Cemetery , but his grave was destroyed by the Partisans in 1945 . In 439 sorties Galić claimed a DB - 3 , Pe - 2 , Spitfire and R - 10 , two MDR 6 flying boats , five Il - 2s , four MiG - ls , four I - 153s , five I - 16s , five MiG - 3s and nine LaGG - 3s .
M . K . Puteiko Mikhail Konstantinovich Puteiko ( 1913 - 21 April 1945 ) was a Soviet general who was killed in action during the Second World War . He was born near Minsk . He commanded of the 254th Rifle Division , the first Soviet unit to cross River Prut and enter Romania . He died commanding this unit ( in the 73rd Rifle Corps of the 52nd Army ) during the battle of Bautzen ) . At the time of his death , he was one of the youngest generals of the Red Army . He is buried in Lviv .
Provisional Government of the Republic of China The Provisional Government of the Republic of China ( , or ) was a Chinese provisional government protected by the Empire of Japan that existed from 1937 to 1940 during the Second Sino - Japanese War . History . After the conquest of Northern China , Japanese Imperial General Headquarters authorized the creation of a collaborationist regime as part of its overall strategy to establish an autonomous buffer zone between China and Japanese - controlled Manchukuo . It nominally controlled the provinces of Hopei , Shantung , Shansi , Honan and Kiangsu . The Provisional Government of the Republic of China was officially inaugurated by Wáng Kèmǐn , former Kuomintang Minister of Finance , on 14 December 1937 , with its capital at Beijing . Its activities were carefully prescribed and overseen by advisors provided by the Japanese Northern China Area Army . The failure of the Japanese to give any real authority to the Provisional Government discredited it in the eyes of the local inhabitants , and made its existence of only limited propaganda utility to the Japanese authorities . The Provisional Government was , along with the Reformed Government of the Republic of China , merged into Wang Jingwei ' s Nanjing - based new government on 30 March 1940 , but in practical terms actually remained virtually independent under the name of the " North China Political Affairs Commission " ( ) until the end of the war . Provisional Government Army . The security of the first Provisional Government was at first based around a 5 , 000 man police force . The Provisional Government Army began to be organized in May 1938 with the organization of a Japanese - run military academy in Tongzhou . Non - commissioned officer s ( NCOs ) began six months of training in February 1939 and the army officially formed in September 1939 . At first the Army had to fill most of the officer and NCO slots with former Nationalist officers until the newly trained officers could take charge . The army consisted of 13 , 200 men in eight infantry regiment s of 1 , 650 men each . Six of the regiments were organized in three brigade s of two regiments each and put under the command of a Chinese Major General with a Japanese advisor . In addition , a 400 man strong bodyguard formed to protect government officials after all of Wang Ke - min ' s Japanese bodyguards were killed on duty .
Nanda Mallawaarachchi Major General Nanda Mallawaarachchi RWP , VSV , USP , ndc , psc , Msc ( Defense ) is the Current Permanent Secretary to the Ministry Of Law & Order in Sri Lanka . He is a former Acting Commander & Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army and also the Ambassador of Sri Lanka in Indonesia Early life . He was born in Anuradhapura to Dr . Sirisena Mallawaarachchi & Siriyalatha Athukorale . He graduated from The Central College in Anuradhapura and later Ananda College in Colombo . Military career . Mallawaarachchi enlisted into the Sri Lankan Army in 1971 , upon his completion of his Officer Cadet training at the Sri Lanka Military Academy , Diyatalawa . He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant of Sri Lanka Light Infantry in 1972 . He has had extensive training in many countries including the United States and India . He was a national champion in practical pistol shooting and is an excellent marksman . Major General Mallawaarachchi served the Sri Lankan Army for over 36 years throughout the island . He has held numerous positions in the Army , among them were The Acting Commander of the Sri Lankan Army , Chief of Staff of the Sri Lankan Army , Regimental commander of the Sri Lanka Light Infantry , 1st ever Security Forces Commander of Eastern area of Operations , General officer Commanding in 52 Division Jaffna , General officer Commanding in 23 Division Minneriya and Commandant and Vice Chancellor of the Kotawala Defence University . Diplomatic career . He was appointed Ambassador and Plenipotentiary of Sri Lanka to the Republic of Indonesia in July 2007 . Secretary of Law & Order . On 23 August 2013 President Mahinda Rajapaksa created the Ministry of Law & Order and appointed Mallawaarachchi as Permanent Secretary to the Ministry . The Sri Lanka Police Service and the elite Special Task Force would function directly under the new ministry .
Skaraborgs regemente ( armoured ) Skaraborgs regemente ( Skaraborg Regiment ) , designation P 4 , is a Swedish Army armoured regiment that traces its origins back to the 16th century . It was converted from an infantry regiment in 1942 . The regiment ' s soldiers were originally recruited from Skaraborg County , and it is currently garrisoned in Skövde , in former Skaraborg County . History . The regiment was converted from the infantry regiment Skaraborgs regemente in 1942 and was given the name Skaraborgs pansarregemente . The regiment was given the designation P 4 ( 4th Armoured Regiment ) and was garrisoned in Skövde . It changed name to Skaraborgs regemente in 1963 , and in 1974 , the regiment gained the new designation P 4 / Fo 35 as a consequence of a merge with the local defence area Fo 35 . For a short time in the 1990s , the unit was then merged with the wartime organised Skaraborgsbrigaden , designation MekB 9 . In 2000 , the unit was reorganised once again , and was redesignated back to its old designation P 4 , the name was also changed back to Skaraborgs regemente . Organisation . In peacetime Skaraborgs regiment trains conscripts for the Swedish wartime organisation . Skaraborgs regiment train armoured troops and use the Swedish modified Leopard 2A5 IS , Strv 122 , and vehicles from the CV90 family . The peacetime organisation train one battalion a year around 600 people . The main garrison is situated in Skövde in Västergötland and most of the training grounds can be found around Skövde , the regiment also has a smaller detachment in Kvarn in Östergötland where Grenadjär company and a Mortar platoon is trained . The peacetime organisation is not synonymous with the wartime organisation . But in the peacetime organisation conscripts are trained at following companies . Other vehicles used by the regiment : TGB 11 , 13 & 20 , Bv 206 .
Gold Codes The Gold Codes are the nuclear launch codes that are purportedly provided to the President of the United States of America in his role as Commander - in - Chief . Prepared by the National Security Agency , the code sequence is printed on a plastic card , nicknamed " the biscuit " , which is similar to a credit card , that the President carries on his person . The concept behind the codes is that they permit the President to positively identify himself as the commander - in - chief and thereby authenticate a launch order to the National Military Command Center ( NMCC ) . Should a launch situation arise , the codes would be transmitted to the NMCC . The communication must occur via a special , secure channel . Even then , the two - man rule applies . The National Command Authority comprising the President and Secretary of Defense must jointly issue the order to use nuclear weapons to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . The order would then be transmitted over a tan - yellow phone , the Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network , otherwise known as the " Gold Phone " , that directly links the NMCC with United States Strategic Command Headquarters at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska . In the event the President decides to order a nuclear strike , he would then have to transmit not only the codes but also the " Attack Options " which are the specific orders for attacks on specific targets . The Attack Options are contained in the Single Integrated Operation Plan and include Major Attack Options ( MAOs ) , Selected Attack Options ( SAOs ) , and Limited Attack Options ( LAOs ) . Others include plans for continuity of government , and letters the president signs delegating authority to the should that need to happen . The satchel also includes a secure satellite phone and is always near the President , carried by a uniformed , armed military officer of the O - 4 pay grade or above ( Major in the Army , Air Force , or Marine Corps or Lieutenant Commander in the Navy or Coast Guard ) . All US nuclear weapons are subject to the same stringent command and control , including land - based ICBM s , nuclear weapons carried by B - 52 and B - 2 aircraft , and Trident missiles carried by US Navy submarine s .
9th Infantry Division ( Poland ) The 9th Infantry Division ( ) was a unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic . The division was originally formed in 1919 . Stationed in Siedlce , it took part in the Polish September Campaign under Colonel Józef Werobej . As part of Pomorze Army the 9th I . D . defended the 70 - kilometer line between the town of Pruszcz and the village of Gostycyn in Polish Pomerania . In the morning of September 1 , 1939 , it was attacked by three Wehrmacht divisions - 2nd Armored - Motorized , 3rd Armored and 32nd I . D . After heavy fighting , the Poles withdrew in the evening to the area of Cekcyn . Another defense line was established there , but the Germans broke it and the 9th I . D . retreated over the Brda and to the suburbs of Bydgoszcz . There , General Władysław Bortnowski ordered three Polish units - 9th I . D . , the 27th Infantry Division , and Operational Group “ Czersk ” - to counterattack on the morning of September . However , communication between 9th I . D . and 27th I . D . failed and the offensive was a failure , with the German 3rd Armored Division managing to halt it . After the defeat , the 9th I . D . gathered in the forests north of Bydgoszcz . Soon afterwards , it was attacked by the Luftwaffe . Unable to defend itself and without air support , the division scattered and ceased to exist . Only the 35th Infantry Regiment remained as a unit and managed to break out of the German encirclement on September 5 . A 9th Infantry Division was also formed as part of the Anders Army briefly in 1942 , and there was a 9th Home Army Infantry Division active in 1944 . Additionally , the People ' s Army of Poland formed a 9th Infantry Division which was active from 1944 to 1962 , after which it became the 9th Mechanised Division .
366th Division ( IDF ) The Israel Defense Forces 366th ( Reserve ) Armored Division , also known as the " Path of Fire " ( , Netiv Ha - Esh ) Division , is a reserve armored division of the IDF . It is subordinate to the Northern Regional Command .
Defense Data Network The Defense Data Network ( DDN ) was a computer network ing effort of the United States Department of Defense from 1983 through 1995 . History . In 1975 , the Defense Communication Agency ( DCA ) took over operation of the ARPANET as it became an operational tool instead of a research project . In 1983 , plans for a new generation of the Automatic Digital Network ( Autodin II ) were canceled . Instead , a separate network to connect military installations called MILNET was split off the ARPANET . The ARPANET would be used as an Internet backbone for researchers , but be slowly phased out . Both networks carried unclassified information , and were connected at a small number of points which would allow total separation in the event of an emergency . The DCA used the Defense Data Network ( DDN ) as the program name for these network programs . As a large - scale , private internet , the DDN provided Internet Protocol connectivity across the United States and to US military bases abroad . Throughout the 1980s it expanded as a set of four parallel military networks , each at a different security level . These networks transitioned to become the NIPRNET , SIPRNET , and JWICS networks in the 1990s . The four DDN subnetworks were : MILNET and DSNET 1 were common user networks , much like the public Internet , but DSNET 2 was dedicated to supporting the Worldwide Military Command and Control System ( WWMCCS ) and DSNET 3 was dedicated to supporting the DOD Intelligence Information System ( DODIIS ) . DDN - NIC . DDN - NIC or Network Information Center ( NIC ) was located at the DDN Installation and Integration Support ( DIIS ) program office in Chantilly , Virginia . It provided general reference services to DDN users via telephone , electronic mail , and U . S . mail . It was the first organization responsible for the assignment of TCP / IP addresses and Autonomous System numbers .
German submarine U - 744 German submarine " U - 744 " was a type VIIC U - boat , launched on 11 March 1943 , commanded by Heinz Blischke . She had two patrols , one from 5 June 1943 to 30 November 1943 and 1 December 1943 to 6 March 1944 . She sank two ships in total , on 3 January 1944 , and the landing ship tank " LST 362 " on 2 March 1944 . The " LST 324 " was also damaged that day . " U - 744 " was forced to surface on 6 March 1944 , after a 31 hour pursuit by British and Canadian ships . She was depth - charged by , causing her crew to abandon her . They were picked up by the corvette , the Canadian frigate HMCS " St . Catharines " , corvettes HMCS " Fennel " and HMCS " Chilliwack " and destroyers HMCS " Chaudiere " and HMCS " Gatineau " in the North Atlantic . " U - 744 " was then boarded by allied sailors , who retrieved code books and other documents . Most of this was lost while being transferred between the U - Boat and the allied ships . After attempts to tow the submarine into port failed , " U - 744 " was scuttled by the allied warships .
Type 5 cannon The 30mm Type 5 cannon was a Japanese Navy autocannon used near the end of World War II . It was an indigenous design with better performance than Oerlikon - derived Type 2 or Browning - derived Ho - 155 , although it was considerably heavier . The Type 5 was to have become the standard fighter cannon of the Japanese Navy – four would have been mounted on the J7W Shinden – but by the end of the war had seen use on only a few aircraft , including variants of the Mitsubishi J2M and Yokosuka P1Y .
HMS Stirling Castle ( 1742 ) HMS " Stirling Castle " was a 70 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Chatham Dockyard to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment , and launched on 24 April 1742 . Whilst under the command of Captain Thomas Cooper , " Stirling Castle " took part in the Battle of Toulon on 11 February 1744 . " Stirling Castle " was the lead ship in Rear - Admiral William Rowley ' s van division of Admiral Thomas Mathews ' fleet that engaged the France - Spanish fleet . After the battle several officers were court - martialed , including Captain Cooper who appeared on 12 May at Port Mahon , where he was dismissed the service . He was immediately restored to his former rank and command however , as the charges against him were not deemed detrimental to either his professional honour or his ability as a sea officer . She took part in the Battle of Havana in 1762 . Shortly afterwards " Stirling Castle " was declared unserviceable and was stripped and scuttled in the upper reaches of Havana harbour on 14 September 1762 , on the orders of Admiral George Pocock .
Jon Hollingsworth Sergeant Jonathan Hollingsworth CGC , QGM , described as " an SAS hero " by a British tabloid newspaper and the former paratrooper , reportedly sustained gunshot wounds during a raid to capture terror leaders in Basra and later died of his injuries at a nearby military hospital . Sources suggest he had been recommended for a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross after single - handedly killing six insurgents during a separate raid in the southern Iraq capital only weeks earlier . He was the 126th British soldier to be killed in operations in Iraq . Sgt Jonathan Hollingsworth was born in 1971 , at Hull , Humberside . Married with a family , he was a member of the Parachute Regiment before eventually joining the SAS . Only weeks before his death , Sgt Hollingsworth was shot in the back of the neck during another operation in Basra . The bullet missed his carotid artery by millimetres but , rather than taking time off to recover , he promptly returned to action . Defence Secretary Des Browne said : " The death of Sgt Hollingsworth is a terrible loss and my heartfelt sympathy goes out to his family , friends and comrades . " " Sgt Hollingsworth was killed on a successful operation to detain those who were known to attack both civilian and military personnel . He did not die in vain . " Hollingsworth was twice decorated for his gallantry ; firstly receiving the Queen ' s Gallantry Medal as a Corporal in Northern Ireland , and later the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross in Iraq .
John Lang ( sailor ) John Lang ( 17 June 1794 – ? ) was a sailor in the United States Navy . Born in Curaçao , Dutch West Indies , Lang was a resident of New Brunswick , New Jersey . Lang was a seaman on board " Wasp " during her engagement with HMS " Frolic " 18 October 1812 . He was the first man to board the British ship in the closing stage of the action , and his ardor and impetuosity carried the remainder of the boarding party with him . USS " Lang " ( DD - 399 ) and USS " Lang " ( FF - 1060 ) were named for him .
French West Africa in World War II Two battles were fought in French West Africa during World War II : the Battle of Dakar ( also known as Operation Menace ) and the Battle of Gabon , both of which took place in 1940 . The actions involved Allied forces attacking Vichy French forces in French overseas territories in West Africa . Following the capture of Gabon , Free French forces controlled French Equatorial Africa , while French West Africa remained under Vichy control , until the Allied landings in North Africa ( Operation Torch ) in November 1942 . Course of the campaign . Anti - British sentiment in Africa had run high after the French battleship " Richelieu " had been hit in the port of Dakar , Senegal , in French West Africa on July 10 , 1940 . In August , Free French General Charles de Gaulle suggested an overland campaign , landing at Conakry , French Guinea . He anticipated that popular support for the Free French movement would be built in a drive on Dakar . But de Gaulle ' s suggestion was overruled by British desires to move swiftly . On 18 September , three French light cruisers , the " Georges Leygues " , the " Gloire " , and the " Montcalm " were intercepted by Allied ships en route to Libreville . The intercepting Allied ships included the heavy cruiser HMAS " Australia " . The three French light cruisers were forced to retreat . Vichy resistance stiffened as a result of the attacks on the French ships . The Battle of Dakar ( 23 September to 25 September 1940 ) took place after Allied forces failed to persuade the Vichy French defenders of Dakar to allow them to peacefully enter the city . The Allied forces first tried to persuade the Vichy forces by means of propaganda . They then attempted to take Dakar by force of arms . Both attempts ended in defeat . Allied hopes of taking over French West Africa were put aside and strategic considerations shifted to French Equatorial Africa instead . Outcome . Free French Forces consolidated their gains in French Equatorial Africa , and were able to assist in other campaigns , including that of North Africa . However , French West Africa did not capitulate or join the Allied cause until the November 1942 landings of Operation Torch .
21st Airship Group The 21st Airship Group is a disbanded unit of the United States Army Air Corps . It was last assigned to the 3d Wing at Scott Field , Illinois . It was disbanded on 27 May 1939 . A predecessor of the group served on the Western Front in France during World War I . For most of the period between the two World Wars , the group was the only active lighter - than - air headquarters in the United States Army Air Service and later , the United States Army Air Corps . History . The 2d Balloon Squadron , a predecessor of the group was activated during World War I and deployed to Western Front in France . The squadron was credited with participating in the Meuse - Argonne offensive ( 8 – 17 October 1918 ) . The unit was demobilized as the I Corps Balloon Group in December 1918 . The 1st Ballon Group was organized in the fall of 1921 to support the Air Service Balloon and Airship School at Brooks Field , San Antonio , Texas . However , a series of mishaps in operating the hydrogen - filled craft led to the transfer of the school from Brooks to Scott Field , Illinois , on 26 June 1922 . Lighter - than - air ships were used at Scott Field to research the capabilities of aerial photography , meteorology and conduct altitude experiments . In the late 1920s , emphasis shifted from airships to balloons . Airplanes began to dominate activities at Scott Field , and in the late 1930s , the lighter - than - air activities there came to an end . Lineage . I Corps Balloon Group 21st Balloon Group
1st Mechanised Brigade ( France ) The 1st Mechanised Brigade ( ) is a mechanised unit of the French Army . The brigade is heir to the honours and traditions of the 1st Armoured Division , created during World War II . History . The 1st Armoured Division was dissolved with the reorganisation of the French Army in 1999 , and the dissolution of the French Forces in Germany . The division ’ s honours and traditions are carried on with the formation of the 1st Mechanised Brigade in Châlons - en - Champagne . The brigade took part in the Operation Trident in Kosovo in 1999 . Organization . The brigade consists of around 5700 personnel in 6 regiments and 3 brigade units . References . www . defense . gouv . fr