naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Doro Passage The Battle of Doro Passage was a naval engagement during the United States Navy ' s operation against Greek pirates in the Aegean Sea . On October 16 , 1827 a British merchant ship was attacked by pirates in Doro Passage off the islands of Andros and Negroponte but was retaken by American sailors . Battle . The Greek War of Independence changed the balance of sea power in the Mediterranean Sea to shift against the Ottoman Empire . This led to a rise in piracy particularly among the Greek islands in the Aegean . In 1825 after several American merchant ships had been attacked the American navy sent a squadron of warships to protect American interests and hunt pirates . Lieutenant Benjamin Cooper commanded the twelve gun schooner USS " Porpoise " in October 1827 and was in the process of escorting a convoy of five American ships and six others from Syrma to Malta . At dusk on October 16 the convoy was sailing through Doro Passage when suddenly the wind came to a calm . The British brig " Comet " had fallen behind and now that the wind was gone she drifted away from the rest of the convoy and was attacked by 200 to 300 Greek pirates in five boats called mistiko s . In general the mistikos were small but fast three masted galley s armed with one bow gun . The pirates quickly took control of " Comet " and put most of the crew in chains before attempting to flee back to the islands from which they came . The British captain and some crewmen managed to lower a boat and paddle to the " Porpoise " which was heading back to find the " Comet " after the Americans heard shooting . Lieutenant Conner gave the order to open fire and give chase to the Greeks who were trying to tow the " Comet " away but because of the calm , the sailors had to propel their ship by oars . When this failed to close the range , Lieutenant Cooper dispatched four boats with thirty - five men under the command of Lieutenant Louis M . Goldsborough . With boats the Americans felt they could close the range faster and cut out the captured brig . It was now a dark night so when the Greeks opened fire on the approaching boats they had trouble hitting their targets and throughout the action no Americans were hurt . During the boarding a wardroom steward killed eleven of the pirates singlehandedly , Lieutenant John A . Carr killed the pirate leader and several others with his pistol . Ultimately eighty to ninety pirates became casualties and the remaining escaped to shore in their boats . Lieutenant Goldsborough received recognition for winning the largest battle of the American campaign in the Aegean and a message of thanks from the British government .
CG634 The CG634 is the Canadian Forces ' main combat helmet . It was introduced in 1997 and is based on the French Gallet TC - 3 helmet . History . The Canadian military sought a replacement for the steel M1 Helmet in the 1980s . In 1984 it trialed the British Mk . 6 , the American PASGT , and the Israeli OR402 composite helmets to determine the best characteristics of form , fit and , ballistic protection . A concept design was developed and the Barrday Co . of Cambridge Ontario received a contract to produce over 2 , 000 Spectra helmets between 1988 and 1990 for ballistic , engineering , and user trials . While the Barrday helmet performed well ballistically , field trials identified significant shortcomings . The Barrday contract was scrapped and the search for a new helmet resumed in late 1992 . After testing a number of European off - the - shelf designs the process was completed in May 1996 and a contract to produce 60 , 000 helmets was issued to the French company Gallet , which produced the TC - 3 helmet and its variants for the French , Danish , and Austrian armies . From 1997 to 2004 the CG634 was manufactured by Gallet Sécurité Internationale in Saint - Romuald , Quebec . Subsequent contracts have been placed with MSA , which bought Gallet in 2002 . Design . The CG634 is made of Aramid ( Kevlar ) and has a minimum v50 of 634 m / s ( compared to the PASGT ' s 610 m / s ) . It mates a modified French design , based on the PASGT , but adapted for comptability with Canadian equipment ( head - set , respirator , vision devices , and armoured vest ) . The suspension system combines a thick foam trauma liner with a rubber and nylon webbing suspension based on the French Mle - 78 ( Gallet TC - 3 ) . The CG634 has a 4 point chinstrap with flip down adjustment pieces . The CG634 has a somewhat similar shape and is sometimes mistaken for the later United States Army ' s MICH TC - 2000 Combat Helmet . The MICH uses a foam padding system in its ground combat helmet instead of webbing . The only pad system approved for use in combat is manufactured by Team Wendy and supplied by National Industries for the Blind . These pads may also be used with the CG634 . When necessary , a night vision goggle mount is issued . The mount consists of a green metal bracket that hooks over the front of the helmet and the mount which is screwed into it . There is a strap that loops through the mount and connects to a large ring which is usually on the top of the helmet and two more straps secure the mount to the back of the helmet . The mount is compatible with AN / PVS - 7 and AN / PVS - 14 night vision systems .
2003 Lejay firefight A skirmish occurred on the morning of February 10 , 2003 outside of Lejay , a small village in the northern , mountainous part of Helmand Province , Afghanistan . The village is in the Baghran valley , and one of the few highways in Afghanistan passes through it . American intelligence analysts assert that the village is the focus of the Opium Trade . Vehicles approaching the village report being fired on . In response American forces mobilized hundreds of troops to comb the country surrounding the village in Operation Eagle Fury . The Operation mobilized dozens of coalition warplanes . Differing accounts of the skirmish . Colonel Roger King , a Department of Defense spokesman in Bagram offered daily briefings on the initial skirmish , and the on Eagle Fury . In 2004 the Summary of Evidence memos prepared for the Combatant Status Review Tribunal s of the captives apprehended following the initial shooting incident offered a different account . Colonel King ' s 2003 account . According to Colonel King : The Summary of Evidence memos prepared for the villagers who were sent to Guantanamo , on the other hand :
Sergeant pilot A sergeant pilot was a non - commissioned officer who had undergone flight training and was a qualified pilot in the air force s of several Commonwealth countries before , during and after World War II . It was also a term used in the United States Army Air Forces , where they were commonly called flying sergeants . After World War II , non - commissioned pilots began to be phased out and today all air force pilots are commissioned officers . In the United States , the Flight Officer Act ended enlisted men ' s chances of undergoing flight training . In Commonwealth air forces , a sergeant pilot ( pilot IV , III or II from 1946 to 1950 ) could be promoted to flight sergeant pilot ( pilot I from 1946 to 1950 ) and warrant officer pilot ( renamed master pilot in 1946 ) . Many went on to be commissioned . There were still master pilots flying helicopters with the Royal Air Force at least into the early 1970s . Corporal s , sergeants , staff sergeant s and warrant officers may still qualify and operate as pilots in the British Army Air Corps .
5th Mountain Division ( Wehrmacht ) The German 5th Mountain Division ( 5th Gebirgs Division ) was established in the Austrian Tirol in October 1940 , out of regiment s taken from the " 1 . Gebirgs - Division " and the " 10 . Infanterie Division " . Its first action was in the 1941 Balkans Campaign , when it took part in Operations Marita and Merkur ; in the latter it was used in an air - landing role . In November , it returned to Germany for rehabilitation , and in April 1942 it was deployed to the Eastern Front , where it joined Army Group North on the Volkhov Front . In April 1943 it was redeployed to Italy . It fought out the remainder of the war in Italy and the Western Alps , and surrendered to the Americans near Turin in May 1945 .
Baltzar von Dahlheim Baltzar von Dahlheim ( 1669 - 1756 ) was a German - Swedish military officer , born in Saxony as Baltzar Tahlheim , who distinguished himself serving Sweden during the Great Northern War . Early life . After a short education , Dahlheim became a mercenary already as a teenager , participated in the battle of Vienna in 1683 , and later in the English Glorious Revolution of 1688 under William III of Orange . Great Northern War . At the time of the outbreak of the Great Northern War , Dahlheim joined a Swedish regiment and distinguished himself as military engineer during Charles XII ' s campaign in Poland after the battle of Narva . At the battle of Poltava in 1709 Dahlheim was wounded but managed to follow Charles XII to Bendery where he spent over four years . In 1711 he was ennobled and took the name von Dahlheim . After leaving Bendery Dahlheim was promoted to the rank of colonel and participated in the fighting around the fortress of Stralsund . He was severely wounded again , captured , and spent two years convalescing in captivity in Berlin . In 1718 he was released and appointed quartermaster general in Charles XII ' s army of Bohuslän in preparation of the king ' s second campaign against Norway . The latter came to an abrupt end with the death of the king at Fredrikssten . In 1719 Dahlheim made his most renowned military achievement , as organizer and leader of the defence of Baggensstäket against the invading Russia n skärgårdsflottan . With scarce resources , he succeeded holding his ground during the battle of Stäket , despite being severely wounded yet again , until reinforcements arrived . Later life . After the battle of Stäke Dahlheim ' s career took a turn to the worse , and he was discharged under bad terms in 1722 , at the age of 52 . In 1723 he purchased the Stångberga estate i Vallentuna parish where he lived under meagre circumstances , earning his livelihood principally from agriculture . In 1748 he became the first recipient of the Order of the Sword , but could not wear the decoration since he had pawned his finest coat . Memorials attesting to the achievements of Dahlheim and others exist at Baggensstäket and Strömstad .
King ' s Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) The King ' s Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) was an infantry regiment of the line of the British Army . It served under various titles from 1680 to 1959 . Its lineage is continued today by the Duke of Lancaster ' s Regiment . History . The regiment was raised on 13 July 1680 , as the 2nd Tangier , or Earl of Plymouth ' s Regiment of Foot . It saw service for nearly three centuries . In 1751 , after various name changes , the regiment was titled the 4th ( King ' s Own ) Regiment of Foot . The regiment retained this title until the Childers Reforms of 1881 , when it became The King ' s Own ( Royal Lancaster Regiment ) . In 1921 , it was re - designated The King ' s Own Royal Regiment ( Lancaster ) . The regiment ' s first battle honour was gained at Namur ( 1695 ) during the War of the Augsburg League , 1688 - 1697 . Soon after , they saw action at Gibraltar in 1704 - 1705 , Guadeloupe 1759 , and St . Lucia 1778 . In 1746 , the regiment received most of the government casualties at the Battle of Culloden . During the Napoleonic Wars , the regiment fought at Corunna , Badajoz , Salamanca , Vittoria , San Sebastian , Nive , Bladensburg , and Waterloo . During the Crimean War , the regiment fought at Alma , Inkerman , and Sevastopol . It also saw action in Abyssinia in 1868 , South Africa in 1879 and from 1899 to 1902 , where it took part in the Relief of Ladysmith . The regiment also saw colonial service in Australia from 1832 until 1837 , being stationed variously at Tasmania , Sydney , Victoria South Australia , and the Swan River Colony under the command of Lieut . Colonel J . K . McKenzie . World War I . The following battalions of the King ' s Own served during World War I Regular Special Reserve ( formerly Militia ) Territorial Force ( TF ) New Army World War II . The following battalions served during World War II : Regular Territorial Hostilities - only Postwar . The regiment received the freedom of Lancaster in 1953 , before being amalgamated with The Border Regiment into The King ' s Own Royal Border Regiment on 31 October 1959 . Victoria Crosses . The following members of the regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross : King ' s Own Royal Regiment Museum . The King ' s Own Royal Regiment Museum is part of the Lancaster City Museum in Lancaster , Lancashire . Opened in 1929 , the exhibits include regimental uniforms , medals , regalia , silver , paintings , medals , weapons and other memorabilia reflecting the regiment ' s history since 1680 to 1960 .
First Polish Army ( 1920 ) The First Army was a field army of the Polish Army that existed during the Polish - Bolshevist War . In March 1920 the Headquarters of the Army decided to disband the Front HQs active until then and reform them into separate armies . The largest of Polish fronts , the so - called Lithuanian - Belarusian Front ( otherwise known as the Northern Front ) was split up onto three armies : the 1st , 4th and 7th . The new 1st Army was composed mostly of former Corps - sized operational group s of Generals Edward Rydz and Józef Lasocki . Initially the command of the new formation was given to Gen . Józef Haller de Hallenburg , but eventually he took command of a new Northern Front while the 1st Army was given to Gen . Stefan Majewski . Initially it faced the Red Army ' s 15th Red Banner Army under Avgust Kork . The composition of the newly created army changed over time . At various times the units under Majewski ' s command included the 1st and 2nd Lithuanian – Belarusian Division s , the 5th , 8th , 10th , 11th , 15th and 17th Infantry Divisions , as well as 1st and 4th Air Groups and two cavalry brigades ( the 1st and 4th ) . Also the post of commanding officer was occupied by a succession of generals . Majewski was succeeded by Gustaw Zygadłowicz ( May - June 1920 ) , then by Jan Romer ( June 23 – 28 , 1920 ) , Mieczysław Kuliński ( June 29 – 31 , 1920 ) , Władysław Jędrzejewski ( until August 6 ) , Franciszek Latinik ( until August 22 ) , Lucjan Żeligowski ( did not assume command ) and finally Gen . Aleksander Osiński ( from August 23 until September 1 , 1920 ) . The chiefs of staff were Lt . Col . Adam Nałęcz Nieniewski ( April and May 1920 ) , Col . Jan Kubin ( until June 1920 ) and Col . Franciszek Kleeberg . Following the battle of Warsaw , the army took part in pursuit after the fleeing Russian forces and took part in the Battle of the Niemen River . However , its forces were gradually reassigned to smaller formations and by the end of August 1920 the only division under its command was the 8th Infantry . By August 20 the unit reached the Orzyc River near Krasnosielc and was disbanded , with the 8th Division withdrawn to Lesser Poland for regrouping .
Poncri Auxiliary Aerodrome Poncri Auxiliary Aerodrome is a former airport in Panama . During World War II the airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces Sixth Air Force as an auxiliary of Howard Field as part of the defense of the Panama Canal . Known as Pocri Airfield , the XXVI Fighter Command 28th Fighter Squadron flew P - 39 Aircobra s from the airfield from 22 February - 2 August 1944 .
French frigate Ariane ( 1811 ) The Ariane was a 40 - gun frigate of the French Navy , lead ship of her class . Career . " Ariane " was commissioned on 9 January 1812 under Captain Jean - Baptiste - Henri Féretier , as part of a two - frigate squadron tasked with commerce raiding in the Atlantic , that also comprised " Andromaque " and the brig " Mameluck " . Returning to Lorient , the squadron met with met the 74 - gun HMS " Northumberland " . In the ensuing Action of 22 may 1812 , the two frigates ran aground trying to escape their much stronger opponent , and were set afire to prevent their capture .
Lester R . Stone , Jr . Lester Raymond Stone , Jr . ( June 4 , 1947 – March 3 , 1969 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military ' s highest decoration — the Medal of Honor — for his actions in the Vietnam War . Biography . Stone joined the Army from Syracuse , New York in 1967 , and by March 3 , 1969 was serving as a Sergeant in 1st Platoon , Company B , 1st Battalion , 20th Infantry Regiment , 11th Infantry Brigade , 23d Infantry Division ( Americal ) . On that day , west of Landing Zone Liz in the Republic of Vietnam , he manned a machine gun from an exposed position during an intense enemy attack , allowing others to rescue a wounded comrade . Stone , aged 21 at his death , was buried in Chenango Valley Cemetery , Binghamton , New York . Stone ' s Medal of Honor is currently in space . His mother Doris lent the medal to U . S . Army officer and NASA astronaut Douglas H . Wheelock to take on his June 2010 launch to the International Space Station . Wheelock , who was born in the same city as Lester Stone , plans to return the medal to the Stone family after returning to Earth in November . Medal of Honor citation . Sergeant Stone ' s official Medal of Honor citation reads : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty . Sgt . Stone , distinguished himself while serving as squad leader of the 1st Platoon . The 1st Platoon was on a combat patrol mission just west of Landing Zone Liz when it came under intense automatic weapons and grenade fire from a well concealed company - size force of North Vietnamese regulars . Observing the platoon machinegunner fall critically wounded , Sgt . Stone remained in the exposed area to provide cover fire for the wounded soldier who was being pulled to safety by another member of the platoon . With enemy fire impacting all around him , Sgt . Stone had a malfunction in the machinegun , preventing him from firing the weapon automatically . Displaying extraordinary courage under the most adverse conditions , Sgt . Stone repaired the weapon and continued to place on the enemy positions effective suppressive fire which enabled the rescue to be completed . In a desperate attempt to overrun his position , an enemy force left its cover and charged Sgt . Stone . Disregarding the danger involved , Sgt . Stone rose to his knees and began placing intense fire on the enemy at pointblank range , killing 6 of the enemy before falling mortally wounded . His actions of unsurpassed valor were a source of inspiration to his entire unit , and he was responsible for saving the lives of a number of his fellow soldiers . His actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military profession and reflect great credit on him , his unit , and the U . S . Army .
Gorch Fock ( author ) Gorch Fock [ ɡɔʀx fɔk ] was the pseudonym of the German author Johann Wilhelm Kinau ( 22 August 1880 – 31 May 1916 ) . Other pseudonyms he used were Jakob Holst and Giorgio Focco . Life . Kinau was the eldest child of fisherman Heinrich Wilhelm Kinau and his wife , Metta Holst , on the Elbe island of Finkenwerder , near Hamburg . In 1895 he was apprenticed to his uncle , the merchant August Kinau in Geestemünde ( today part of Bremerhaven ) , and from 1897 until 1898 he attended a commercial school in Bremerhaven . Later he was employed as an accountant in Meiningen , Bremen , Halle ( Saale ) and from 1907 at the shipping company Hamburg - Amerika - Linie in Hamburg . He married Rosa Elisabeth Reich in 1908 , with whom he had three children . In 1904 Kinau started publishing poetry and stories in his native Low German dialect . In 1913 he published his most popular work , the novel " Seefahrt ist Not ! " , in which he describes the life of the deep sea fishermen of his home island . In the First World War , Kinau was drafted into the German infantry in 1915 . He fought in Serbia and Russia and later at Verdun . From 1916 he served in the German Navy , having requested the transfer . He served as a lookout on the light cruiser SMS " Wiesbaden " and died when the ship was sunk in the Battle of Jutland . His body was found on the Swedish shore near Fjällbacka and interred on the island of Stensholmen together with other German and British servicemen . The German Navy named two training windjammer s in his honor , the " Gorch Fock " of the Kriegsmarine and the " Gorch Fock " of the Bundesmarine .
Shenyang Military Region The Shenyang Military Region is one of seven military regions for the Chinese People ' s Liberation Army . It has command and control of military and armed police forces in the three northeast provinces of Jilin , Heilongjiang , and Liaoning , which also form Military Districts . The Shenyang Military Region has been left with unchanged boundaries since the late 1960s . It is bordered internally by the Beijing Military Region to the west . Externally , it is bordered by North Korea to the south east and the Russian Far East to the north . Prior to the Cultural Revolution , military region commanders tended to remain in post for long periods . As the PLA took a stronger role in politics , this began to be seen as something of a threat to party ( or , at least , civilian ) control of the military . Two commanders served for long periods in the Shenyang MR , Chen Xilian , from 1959 – 73 , and Li Desheng from 1974 - 85 . As of 15 March 1967 , the Central Intelligence Agency identified eight armies in the Shenyang MR . The CIA identified the 16th Army , 23rd Army , the 38th , 39th Army , 40th Army , 46th , 50th , and 64th Armies . However the 38th Army is now assigned to the Beijing Military Region . The Shenyang Region adjoins the Russian Far East Military District , which numbered some 76 , 000 personnel in 2007 , and is now the Eastern Military District . However there is a military limitation treaty and information disclosure agreement in place between the Russian Federation and the People ' s Republic of China . Analysts suggest that it ' s the second most important military region next to the Beijing Military Region . The International Institute for Strategic Studies listed the formation in 2006 with an estimated 250 , 000 personnel , three group armies , and two armoured , one mechanised , four motorised , and one artillery division . It also lists two armoured , five motorised , three artillery , four anti - aircraft and one anti - tank brigades with the formation . Known formations and units include the 16th Group Army , headquartered at Changchun , with a motorised infantry division , motorised infantry brigade , the 4th Armoured Division ( Meihekou , Jilin ) and artillery and anti - aircraft brigades , and the 39th Group Army in Liaoning , and the 40th Group Army headquartered at Jinzhou , Liaoning . The 23rd Group Army was disbanded during the reductions which began in 2003 . In Korea in the 1950s , the 23rd Army had included the 67th , 69th , and 73rd Divisions . Two units directly subordinate to the MR headquarters are the 68th Motorized Infantry Brigade , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang ( from 23rd Group Army ) , and the 69th Motorized Infantry Division , Harbin , Heilongjiang ( from 23rd Group Army ) . Current Officers . Source :
Frank Twiss Admiral Sir Frank Roddam Twiss , KCB , KCVO , DSC ( 7 July 1910 – 27 January 1994 ) was a Royal Navy admiral who became Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel . He went on to serve as Black Rod . Naval career . Twiss joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1924 . During World War II he was Gunnery Officer of which was badly damaged during the Second Battle of the Java Sea : Twiss was captured and was a Japanese prisoner of war for three years . He was appointed Naval Secretary in 1960 and Flag Officer Flotillas for the Home Fleet in 1962 . He went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Far East Fleet in 1965 and Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1967 . In that capacity he banned the naval rum ration . He retired in 1970 . In retirement he served as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod from 1970 to 1978 and was a member of Commonwealth War Graves Commission from 1970 to 1979 .