naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
137th Ohio Infantry The 137th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 137th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 137th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio and mustered in May 6 , 1864 for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Leonard A . Harris . The regiment left Ohio for Baltimore , Maryland on May 12 . It was assigned to garrison duty Forts McHenry , Federal Hill , Marshall , and Carroll . Served in the defenses of Baltimore , VIII Corps , Middle Department , until August . The 137th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service at Camp Dennison on August 21 , 1864 . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 5 enlisted men during service , 3 due to disease and 2 in a railroad accident .
United States service medals of the World Wars United States service medals of the World Wars are U . S . military decorations which were created solely for service in the First World War and World War II . Such medals are no longer awarded , but are still referred to in various publications , manuals , and award precedence charts as many veterans still display them as part of veteran functions and ceremonies . The following medals were issued for service in the World Wars , service in various campaign areas , and for occupation service following the end of each war .
Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil Prince Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil ( ; ) ( July 15 , 1764 - July 20 , 1815 ) was a Russian general of Georgian noble origin ( Iashvili ) personally involved in the assassination of Paul I of Russia ( 1800 ) . He was a brother of General Lev Yashvil . Born to an émigré Georgian noble family in the village Muromtseva , Kaluga Governorate , Yashvil graduated from a cadet corps in 1786 and took part in the Russo - Turkish War ( 1787 – 1792 ) and the Polish campaigns ( 1792 , 1794 ) . He commanded various artillery units and was promoted to major general in 1800 . That year , he joined several Russian officers in a palace coup against Paul I and , along with General Bennigsen assassinated the tsar in Saint Michael ' s Castle . Paul ' s successor Alexander I , allegedly the coup sympathizer , soon sacked Yashvil . Being prohibited from visiting both St . Petersburg and Moscow , Yashvil spent next several years in a compulsory retirement at his estate . During Napoleon ' s invasion of Russia in 1812 , Yashvil managed to obtain permission from General Dmitry Shepelev to join the Kaluga militia and helped recover Yelnya . However , upon Alexander I ' s order , the Russian commander Kutuzov dismissed Yashvil who returned to his estate .
Ministry of Defense ( Ethiopia ) The Ministry of National Defense of Ethiopia is a cabinet level office in charge of defense related matters of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia . It oversees the Ethiopian National Defense Force and Ethiopian Defense Industry . This institution can trace its origins back to the Ministry of War , which Emperor Menelik II established in 1907 , and made " Fitawrari " Habte Giyorgis Minister over it . Emperor Haile Selassie re - established the Ministry of War in 1942 , making " Ras " Abebe Aregai its Minister . The Ministry is headed by a civilian minister which is a requirement of Article 87 of the current constitution of Ethiopia . It was established 23 August 1995 with the passing of Proclamation 4 / 1995 , which also established the other 14 Ministries . The current Minister is Siraj Fergessa , the former Minister of Federal Affairs , who was appointed 30 October 2008 to replace Kuma Demeksa .
German submarine Wilhelm Bauer The Wilhelm Bauer ( originally designated U - 2540 ) is a Type XXI U - boat of the German " Kriegsmarine " , completed shortly before the end of World War II . It was scuttled at the end of the war , having never gone on patrol . It is the only floating example of a XXI U - boat . Construction and wartime service . Construction of " U - 2540 " began on 28 / 29 October 1944 by Blohm & Voss in the Hamburg - Finkenwerder . She was launched on 13 January 1945 and commissioned on 24 February 1945 as part of " 31st U - boat Flotilla " for training purposes . In April 1945 the boat went to the front after training at Rønne on Bornholm . Due to the ongoing fuel shortages at the end of the war , the boat was relocated to Swinemünde before being scuttled near the Flensburg lightship on 4 May 1945 . Salvage , refit , and new service . In June 1957 , after more than 12 years on the floor of the Baltic Sea , it was raised , overhauled at Howaldtswerke , Kiel , and commissioned as a research vessel in the " Bundesmarine " , serving from 1 September 1960 until 28 August 1968 as a test boat ( class 241 ) . On relaunch it took the name " Wilhelm Bauer " , the designer of the first German U - boat " Brandtaucher " built in Kiel by August Howaldt in 1850 . From May 1970 it again entered service , this time with a civilian crew and served as a testbed for the technical innovations of the class 206 U - boat . After an underwater collision with the on 6 May 1980 the " Wilhelm Bauer " was discharged from use at Eckernförde on 18 November 1980 and finally released from service on 15 March 1982 . Conversion to museum ship . " U - 2540 " was put on sale by the Ministry of Defence and acquired by the board of trustees of the German Maritime Museum Association and the German Maritime Museum . The boat was restored to its original World War II configuration after its transfer in August 1983 to the Seebeck yard , opening on 27 April 1984 as a museum ship , now sponsored by the Wilhelm Bauer Technology Museum association . It has imitation twin 30mm cannon and the bridge is not glazed as it was during service with the " Bundesmarine " .
BL 12 - inch howitzer The Ordnance BL 12 - inch howitzer was a scaled - up version of the successful 9 . 2 - inch siege howitzer . History . Following the success of their BL 9 . 2 - inch howitzer , Vickers designed an almost identical version scaled up to a calibre of 12 inches , the Mk II entering service on the Western Front in August 1916 . It was similar but unrelated to the 12 inch railway howitzers Mk I , III and V produced by the Elswick Ordnance Company at the same time . The Mk IV was a more powerful version with longer barrel produced from 1917 . Later models were used for British home defence in World War II . Combat use . As with other large - calibre weapons , it was operated by the Royal Garrison Artillery in World War I . The 12 - inch was dismantled and transported in 6 loads mounted on traction engine wheels . It was then reassembled on its static siege mounting on top of a steel " holdfast " , with 22 long ton of earth in a box sitting on the front of the holdfast in front of the gun , to counteract the kick of firing .
Skipton Castle Skipton Castle is a medieval castle in Skipton , North Yorkshire , England . It was built in 1090 by Robert de Romille , a Norman baron , and has been preserved for over 900 years . History . The castle was originally a motte and bailey castle built in 1090 by Robert de Romille , lord of the multiple estates of Bolton Abbey . Shortly after 1102 Henry I extended Romille ' s lands to include all of upper Wharfedale and upper Airedale . The earth and wood castle was rebuilt in stone to withstand attacks by the Scots . The cliffs behind the castle , dropping down to Eller Beck , made the castle a perfect defensive structure . The Romille line died out , and in 1310 Edward II granted the castle to Robert Clifford who was appointed Lord Clifford of Skipton and Guardian of Craven . Robert Clifford ordered many improvements to the fortifications , but died in the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 when the improvements were barely complete . During the English Civil War the castle was the only Royalist stronghold in the north of England until December 1645 . After a three - year siege , a surrender was negotiated in 1645 between Oliver Cromwell and the Royalists . Cromwell ordered the removal of the castle roofs . Legend has it that during the siege , sheep fleeces were hung over the walls to deaden the impact from the rounds of cannon fire . Sheep fleeces feature in the town ' s coat of arms . Skipton remained the Cliffords ' principal seat until 1676 . Lady Anne Clifford ( 1590 – 1676 ) was the last Clifford to own it . After the siege , she ordered repairs and she planted a yew tree in the central courtyard to commemorate its repair after the war . Today Skipton Castle is a well preserved medieval castle and is a tourist attraction and private residence . Layout . The castle has six drum tower s , with a domestic range connecting two towers on the northern side , protected by a precipice overlooking the Eller Beck . The first floor comprises the original kitchen , great hall , withdrawing rooms and the lord ' s bedchamber . New kitchens , storage and work cellars make up the ground floor . The remaining towers are military in nature and purpose . In the 16th and 17th centuries were added a new entrance staircase ( replacing the original drawbridge ) , a further domestic wing , and larger windows in the original structure . The roof is fully intact . In the centre is a Tudor courtyard , the Conduit Court , which contains a yew tree , reputedly planted by Lady Anne in 1659 . The outer curtain wall encloses the inner wards and subsidiary buildings , including the ruins of a 12th - century chapel . The wall is mainly extant , and is pierced by a twin - towered Norman gatehouse . The east tower of the gatehouse contains a 17th - century shell grotto , one of two remaining grottos from this period . ( The other is at Woburn Abbey . )
Convoy OA 178 Convoy OA 178 was an Atlantic convoy that sailed in July 1940 from the Thames Estuary " via " the English Channel , prior to dispersal to various trans - Atlantic destinations . Departure and escort . OA 178 assembled off Southend - on - Sea on the coast of Essex and departed on 3 July . It consisted of 35 merchant ships , escorted by the Flower class corvette . Convoy Commodore was Capt . RP Galer , in SS " Peterton " . OA 178 passed though the Straits of Dover during the night of 3 / 4 July and by the afternoon of 4 July was in the Channel , some 20 miles south of Portland Bill . Attack . At about 1300 hrs on 4 July two " Gruppen " of Junkers Ju 87 dive bomber s from StG 2 attacked the convoy in the English Channel off Portland Bill . The Stukas were armed with bombs and attacked in waves of six aircraft . There was no Allied air cover and the attack lasted about two hours . In this attack one ship , was sunk and five ships , SS " Antonio " , SS " Argos Hill " , SS " Briarwood " , SS " Eastmoor " and Danish turbine steamer TS " Lifland " were damaged . The " Antonio " rescued 67 survivors , including two with serious injuries , from ships that were sunk . Some ships of the convoy took shelter in Portland Harbour , where the Luftwaffe attacked them again . Also in Portland Harbour were a number of other ships , which were hit in the attack . The Royal Navy anti - aircraft ship was severely damaged , and sank the next day with the loss of 176 lives . The tug " Silverdial " was also sunk and the cargo ships SS " City of Melbourne " , SS " East Wales " and MV " William Wilberforce " were damaged . Bombs had damaged the " Antonio " ' s rudder and the stanchions supporting her propellor shaft . She had to reduce speed and did not reach anchorage in Portland Harbour until about 2300 hrs . The continuing air raid prevented her from landing the survivors she had rescued until mid - day on 5 July . At dusk those members of the convoy that had remained at sea were south of Portland when they were attacked by German E - boats . Four ships were sunk , and one damaged . The cargo ship was sunk by a torpedo and 16 of her crew were lost . SS " Hartlepool " was damaged . Also lost were the Dutch ships and , and the Estonian ship . The " Deucalion " ' s wreck lies south of Selsey Bill , which suggests that either she was a straggler or she was dive - bombed before the main air raid off Portland Bill . Aftermath . On 5 July OA 178 ' s lone escort was reinforced by the destroyer . She remained with the convoy until 6 July when it dispersed in the Southwest Approaches . The severity of loss and damage that OA 178 sustained was such that all subsequent OA convoys were re - routed , from Methil in Fife around the north of Scotland to avoid the English Channel . Table . Allied ships sunk
Regiment Oranjerivier Regiment Oranjerivier ( ROR ) ( named after the Orange River ) is an armour ed regiment of the South African Army . As a reserve unit , it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Territorial Army or United States Army National Guard unit . It is part of the South African Army Armour Formation and is based in Potchefstroom . History . The Regiment was founded as an Afrikaans language unit on 12 September 1952 as " Regiment Noordwes - Kaap " ( " Regiment North - West Cape " ) , but this name was changed in the same year to " Regiment Hertzog " . Due to a reorganisation of the Citizen Force the unit was redesignated " Regiment Oranjerivier " ( Regiment Orange River ) on 1 January 1960 . At this time the unit was part of " 17 Brigade " . In the early 1970s the Regiment ' s Marmon - Herrington Armoured Car s were replaced by the far more versatile and effective Eland 60 . Regiment Oranjerivier became the armoured car regiment of " 71 Infantry Brigade " ( part of " 7 South African Division " ) on 15 November 1974 . A year later the headquarters of the Regiment was moved to Cape Town . The Regiment was mobilized together with most other the other units of " 71 Brigade " to serve in Southern Angola during Operation Savannah . Sub - units of the ROR were located from Katima Mulilo in the east to Chitado in the west . Members of one of these sub - units were the first South African Citizen Force troops to make contact with a conventionally deployed foreign battle group when they were fired on by a Russia n T - 54 tank at Cahama in March 1976 . During the same period the unit lost its first member ever to enemy fire . The Regiment went on to serve several more times on the South - West Africa / Namibia border as well as inside Angola . This included Operation Prone in Southern Angola during August / October 1988 , where the Regiment used a large number of Ratel 90 infantry fighting vehicle s . On 2 November 1990 , the ROR was awarded the Rooikat Floating Trophy - the first time the trophy had been awarded - as the best unit in the South African Armoured Corps . The Regiment currently uses the Rooikat armoured fighting vehicle , equipped with a 76 mm quick - fire gun .
No . 628 Squadron RAF No . 628 Squadron RAF was a meteorological and air - sea rescue squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . History . The squadron was formed at Red Hills Lake in Madras , India on 21 March 1944 , by redesignating ' B ' Flight of No . 357 Squadron RAF . The unit was equipped with Consolidated Catalina Mks . Ib and Mk . IV flying boats , and operated as part of No . 225 Group RAF , Air Command , South East Asia . Although intended for special duties , the squadron spent most of its time with meteorological reconnaissance and ASR ( air - sea rescue ) flights over the Indian Ocean . It was disbanded at Red Hills Lake on 1 October 1944 .
Battle of Lule Burgas The Battle of Lule Burgas ( ) or ' Battle of Luleburgas - Bunarhisar line ( , ) was a battle between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire . The battle took place from the 28 October to 3 November 1912 . The outnumbered Bulgarian forces made the Ottomans retreat to Çatalca line , 30 km from the Ottoman capital Constantinople . In terms of forces engaged it was the largest battle fought in Europe between the end of the Franco - Prussian War and the beginning of the First World War Battle . Following the quick Bulgarian victory on the Petra - Seliolu - Geckenli line and the capture of Kirk Kilisse ( Kırklareli ) , the Ottoman forces retreated in disorder to the east and south . The Bulgarian Second Army under the command of gen . Nikola Ivanov besieged Adrianople ( Edirne ) but the First and Third armies failed to chase the retreating Ottoman forces . Thus the Ottomans were allowed to re - group and took new defensive positions along the Lule Burgas - Bunar Hisar line . The Bulgarian Third Army under gen . Radko Dimitriev reached the Ottoman lines on October 28 . The attack began the same day by the army ' s three divisions - 5th Danubian Infantry Division ( commander major - gen . Pavel Hristov ) on the left flank , 4th Preslav Infantry Division ( major - gen . Kliment Boyadzhiev ) in the centre and 6th Bdin Infantry Division ( major - gen . Pravoslav Tenev ) on the right flank . By the end of the day 6th Division captured the town of Lule Burgas . With the arrival of First Army on the battlefield the following day , attacks continued along the entire front but were met with fierce resistance and even limited counter - attacks by the Ottomans . Heavy and bloody battles occurred on the next two days and the casualties were high on both sides . At the cost of heavy losses , the Bulgarian Fourth and 5th Division managed to push the Ottomans back and gained 5 km of land in their respective sectors of the frontline on October 30 . The Bulgarians continued to push the Ottomans on the entire front . The 6th division managed to breach the Ottoman lines on the right flank . After another two days of fierce combat , the Ottoman defence collapsed and on the night of November 2 the Ottoman forces began a full retreat along the entire frontline . The Bulgarians again didn ' t immediately follow the retreating Ottoman forces and lost contact with them , which allowed the Ottoman army to take up positions on the Çatalca defence line just 30 km west of Constantinople .
Bombardment of Curaçao The Bombardment of Curaçao refers to a 1942 German naval bombardment of a Bullen Baai Company petroleum storage facility on the small island of Curaçao during World War II . The raid to destroy or ignite the petroleum failed and the German U - boat responsible was unsuccessfully engaged by Dutch shore battery before escaping . Background . Earlier in the war , the " Kriegsmarine " Commander Werner Hartenstein devised a coordinated submarine attack mainly against the Dutch island of Aruba but included other oil related targets in nearby waters . The Attack on Aruba turned out to be somewhat successful , the Germans sank or damaged several oil tankers but did not set ablaze the large oil tank on Aruba . Hoping to further disrupt a major Allied oil supply , Hartenstein ordered his U - boats to continue operating against the Aruba and Curaçao refineries . Bombardment . , under " Kapitän zur See " Ernst Kals approached western Curaçao on 19 April 1942 , his objective was to bombard and damage the Bullen Baai tank farm . The farm was located several miles west of Willemstad . At about 02 : 15 , Kals ordered his gunner s to take up " U - 130 " s deck gun and then he ordered them to fire . In the short engagement , the Germans fired at least five shells at the petroleum tanks . None hit their target but the sound of the explosions woke up the sleeping Dutch Coast Artillery on the island . They rushed to their two naval gun battery that protected the tanks and opened fire . The Dutch let loose only one shot at the German boat which alarmed them but did not hit . Captain Kals decided to abort the operation and ordered his crew to submerge the U - boat , they then escaped . There was no damage to the petroleum farm and no casualties sustained by either side that morning . Aftermath . Though only a small skirmish the German bombardment of Curaçao is remembered as a key event in the Battle of the Caribbean . In August 1942 , the Germans returned to Curaçao and attacked a tanker and received fire from a Dutch shore battery before slipping away .
Siege of Krujë ( 1467 ) The Third Siege of Krujë by the Ottoman Empire occurred in 1467 at Krujë in Albania . The destruction of Ballaban Pasha ' s army and the siege of Elbasan during the previous siege of Krujë forced Mehmed II to re - attack Skanderbeg in the summer of 1467 , only 2 months after the latter ' s victory at the 2nd Siege of Krujë . This time Skanderbeg didn ' t retreat immediately to the mountains , but decided for the first time to front the great Ottoman army at Burshek , on the Shkumbin river ' s valley in order to give time for the civil population to retreat in the mountains . The battle was carried in such a way as to not result with winners or defeated ; Skanderbeg then retreated while Ottoman grand vizier Mahmud Pasha Angelović pursued him but Skanderbeg succeeded in fleeing to the coast and then to the mountains . Meanwhile Mehmed II sent detachments to raid the Venetian possessions ( especially Durrës which was also put under siege and bombarded for a short period ) and to keep them isolated . He besieged Krujë for several days but when he realized that he could not take it by assault , he lifted the siege . Although Ottomans did not capture Krujë , they managed to plunder areas around Durres and Scutari .