naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Dock landing ship A dock landing ship ( also called Landing Ship , Dock or LSD ) is an amphibious warfare ship with a well dock to transport and launch landing craft and amphibious vehicle s . Some ships with well decks , such as the Soviet Ivan Rogov class , also have bow doors to enable them to deliver vehicles directly onto a beach ( like a Landing Ship , Tank [ LST ] ) . Modern dock landing ships also operate helicopters . A ship with a well deck ( docking well ) can transfer cargo to landing craft in rougher seas than a ship that has to use cranes or a stern ramp . The US Navy hull classification symbol for a ship with a well deck depends on its facilities for aircraft - a ( modern ) LSD has a helicopter deck , a LPD also has a hangar , and a LHD or LHA has a full - length flight deck . History . The LSD ( US Navy hull classification for " Landing Ship , Dock " ) came as a result of a British requirement during the Second World War for a vessel that could carry large landing craft across the seas at speed . The first LSD came from a design by Sir Roland Baker who had designed the British Landing Craft , Tank . It was an answer to the problem of launching small craft rapidly . The " Landing Ship Stern Chute " , which was a converted train ferry , was an early attempt . Thirteen Landing Craft Mechanized ( LCM ) could be launched from these ships down the chute . The Landing Ship Gantry was a converted tanker with a crane to transfer its cargo of landing craft from deck to sea - 15 LCM in a little over half an hour . The design was developed and built in the US for the USN and the Royal Navy . The LSD could carry 36 LCM at 16 knots . It took one and a half hours for the dock to be flooded down and two and half to pump it out . When flooded they could also be used as docks for repairs to small craft . Vessels of the LSD hull classification . In the United States Navy , two related groups of vessels classified as LSDs are in service as of 2011 , the and es , mainly used to carry hovercraft ( LCAC s ) , operate helicopters , and carry Marine s . The Dutch and Spanish collaborated on the " Enforce " design which entered service as the Rotterdam - class amphibious transport dock and Galicia - class landing platform dock . The British Royal Fleet Auxiliary ( RFA ) operates three Bay - class landing ship s - related to the Enforcer design - in support of the Royal Navy ' s operations while a fourth ship of the class , previously in RFA service , is now operated by the Royal Australian Navy . Former US LSDs include : , , and .
Donald H . Balch Donald H . Balch was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force . Biography . Balch was born on August 19 , 1931 in Bellows Falls , Vermont . He later attended the University of Vermont and the New England School of Law and would marry and have two children . His son , Gareth , would also serve in the Air Force . Balch was killed in an automobile accident on October 14 , 2007 in Bulverde , Texas and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Balch was commissioned an officer in the Air Force in 1954 . In 1961 he entered the Air Force Reserve Command . He would serve in the Vietnam War and would command the 512th Military Airlift Wing based at Dover Air Force Base in Dover , Delaware , the 349th Military Airlift Wing based at Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield , California , and the 440th Tactical Airlift Wing based at General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . Balch retired in 1986 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal , the National Defense Service Medal , the Vietnam Service Medal , the Outstanding Unit Award , the Air Force Longevity Service Award , the Air Force Training Ribbon , and the Vietnam Gallantry Cross .
A - class submarine ( 1903 ) " For the later A classes , see Amphion class submarine and Astute class submarine " The A class was the Royal Navy ' s first class of British - designed submarines . Thirteen were built by Vickers at Barrow - in - Furness between 1902 and 1905 as an improvement on the US " Plunger " class . While there was considerable variation amongst the boats of the class , they were around 100 ft ( 30 m ) long and displaced around 200 tons when submerged . All were propelled underwater by battery - powered electric motors and on the surface by shaft - drive Wolseley petrol engines of 400 bhp ( A1 ) , 450 bhp ( A2 - 4 ) or 600 bhp ( A5 - 12 ) . A13 had an experimental Vickers diesel engine , which proved to be unreliable . Armament was two 18 - inch ( 45 cm ) torpedo tubes with four torpedoes except for A - 1 , which had 1 tube and 3 torpedoes . The first , A1 ( ordered as Holland No . 6 ) , was launched in July 1902 , the last , A13 , in April 1905 . A1 was sunk off Portsmouth on March 18 , 1904 , in collision with the liner " Berwick Castle " , but raised and put back into service before finally being sunk as a naval gunnery target in 1911 , followed in 1912 by A3 . A7 was lost in Whitsand Bay in 1914 after diving into mud . A13 was laid up in 1914 due to engine unreliability . The remainder were used during the First World War for harbour defence , A2 and A4 – A6 at Portsmouth , A8 and A9 at Devonport , and A10 – A12 at Ardrossan . All survived the war and were converted to training in 1918 and sold in 1919 – 1920 except for A2 , which was wrecked while awaiting disposal and finally sold in 1925 . This submarine class was plagued by numerous accidents and failures ; almost every boat in the class ( A - 1 , A - 3 , A - 4 , A - 5 , A - 7 , and A - 8 ) was involved in some sort of accident over the course of its operational history . Many were fatal to the crew , and resulted in the decommissioning of the submarine .
AAM - A - 1 Firebird The AAM - A - 1 Firebird was an early American air - to - air missile , developed by the Ryan Aeronautical Company . The first air - to - air missile program developed for the United States Air Force , the Firebird was extensively tested in the late 1940s ; although it proved successful in testing , it was soon obsolete due to the rapid advances in aircraft and missile technology at the time and did not enter production . Design and development . The AAM - A - 1 project began in 1946 with the awarding of a study contract , under the designation MX - 799 , to the Ryan Aeronautical Company for the development of a subsonic air - to - air missile , which would be used by interceptor aircraft for the destruction of enemy bombers . A contract for the development of the missile , designated AAM - A - 1 Firebird , was awarded in 1947 . The AAM - A - 1 Firebird was a two - stage weapon , fitted with cruciform wings and tailfins . Control was by differential motion of the wings ; the tailfins were fixed . The missile ' s fuselage was constructed from aluminum alloy , while the nosecone and control fins were molded from plastic . Firebird was fitted with a solid - fuel booster rocket providing initial thrust , before a liquid - fuel sustainer rocket ignited for a 15 - second powered flight time . Guidance was provided during midcourse flight by radio command guidance , with an operator in the launching aircraft transmitting corrections to the missile . Terminal guidance used active radar homing , with a small radar set being fitted in the nose of the missile , with the missile ' s warhead being detonated by a proximity fuse , a backup impact fuze also being fitted . Operational history . Flight testing of the XAAM - A - 1 prototype missiles began in October 1947 , launched from DB - 26 Invader bomber and DF - 82 Twin Mustang aircraft , the latter of which could carry up to four missiles . The first air - to - air missile to reach the flight - test stage outside of World War II Germany , the Firebird proved to be reasonably successful in testing , with production being projected for the early 1950s ; however its command - guidance system limited it to clear - weather , daytime use only . Although radar beam riding guidance was planned to solve this , the subsonic speed of the weapon was also considered to be insufficient to avoid obsolescence ; accordingly , the AAM - A - 1 ' s production program was terminated late in 1949 , the Hughes Falcon being selected for development as the Air Force ' s standard intercept missile instead . The test program was considered to be successful despite this , as a considerable amount of knowledge was gained that benefited later programs . A Firebird missile is preserved at the Air Force Space & Missile Museum at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida .
1st Armoured Corps ( Poland ) The 1st Armoured Corps ( ) was an armoured formation of the Polish People ' s Army during 1944 - 1945 . The corps saw combat in Germany in 1945 . Later that year , the subordinate units of the corps were dispersed to garrisons in Poland and the corps itself was inactivated in October 1945 . The 1st Armoured Corps ( comparable in size to an armoured division of western armies of the same period ) completed its formation in September 1944 and was then subordinated to the supreme command of the Polish forces that had been established by the U . S . S . R . on the eastern front . Training of the unit continued until February 1945 at Chełm . The organisation of the corps was that of a Soviet tank corps . The corps supported Polish 2nd Army attacks in the direction of Dresden starting on April 16 , 1945 . The corps had almost reached Dresden when it was recalled on April 22 to counter - attack German units attacking at Bautzen . The corps then assisted in sealing the western flank of the German penetration . From 4 to 11 May 1945 , the corps took part in the Prague Offensive , a major Soviet operation that forced the surrender of German Army Group Center . At the end of the operation , the corps had crossed the border into Czechoslovakia and was near the town of Mělník . Following the end of combat operations , the 1st Armoured Corps was redeployed to Görlitz . The corps re - entered Poland during 20 – 21 May . Its subordinate units were subsequently dispersed and the corps itself was inactivated on October 5 , 1945 . From 1949 until 1952 , and from 1955 until 1957 , another formation in the Polish Army was designated " 1st Armoured Corps " . This unit , however , did not carry the traditions of the wartime 1st " Dresden " Armoured Corps . Unlike the wartime unit , the second formation was an actual corps in structure , commanding two divisions . Order of battle . The 1st corps was composed of the following units ( equipment listed as it was just before the corps entered combat in April 1945 ) :
Belomorsky Military District The Belomorsky Military District ( ) was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces , active from in the immediate aftermath of the Russian Civil War and just after the Second World War . The District was formed by the decree of the Council of the Peoples Commissars in May 1918 . It existed : from May 4 - to August 15 , 1918 ; from March 20 , 1920 - to May 17 , 1921 ; from 15 December 1944 year ( note 1 January 1945 according to the Encyclopedia " Second World War " ) - to June 29 , 1951 . Initially the Belomorsky Military District included the territories of the Arkhangelsk , Vologda , and Olonets districts , the islands of the White Sea and part of the islands of the Arctic Ocean . However , the territory of the Military District repeatedly changed . After abolition its territory was incorporated in the Northern Military District . Command of the Military District was located in Arkhangelsk , and later in Vologda , Kem ' and Petrozavodsk . In 1944 / 45 when it was reformed from the previous Arkhangelsk Military District , the territory of the Military District included Arkhangelsk , Vologda , Murmansk , Karelo - Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic and the Komi ASSR ; its headquarters were established at Kem ' . Included in the military district was the 14th Army and a number of separate formations and units . The Military District was tasked with defending the northern borders of the USSR . Simultaneously the Belomorsky Military District executed formation and preparation of reserve formations and units for the active army . It was reorganized after the war . The Northern Military District was established from the Belomorsky Military District in June 1951 , with its headquarters at Petrozavodsk . Its territory included the Karelo - Finnish SSR , the Murmansk Oblast , and the Pechenga district of the RSFSR . Military District Commanders included 06 . 1951 - 05 . 1954 Měreckov , Kirill Afanasjevič , 05 . 1954 - 01 . 1956 Kolpakči , Vladimir Yakovlevich , 01 . 1956 - 03 . 1960 Stučenko , Andrew Trofimovic . From June 1951 to April 1952 it also included 31st Rifle Corps . 16th Guards Fighter Aviation Division was part of VVS Belomorsky Military District from November 1944 until January 1952 , and then became part of 22nd Air Army , seemingly Northern Military District ' s aviation component , from 25 . 1 . 52 until October 1953 . In 1949 the division included two fighter regiments of Bell P - 39 Airacobra s , the 19th Guards at lakurtti , and the 773rd possibly stationed at Monchegorsk . The 20th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment , the third regiment of the division , was also possibly stationed at Monchegorsk , and equipped with the Yak - 9 . In May 1960 the Northern Military District was subsumed into the Leningrad Military District , and Headquarters Northern Military District became Headquarters 6th Army .
USS Frament ( APD - 77 ) USS " Frament " ( DE - 677 / APD - 77 ) was a " Buckley " - class destroyer escort in the United States Navy . She was named for Pharmacist ' s Mate Third Class Paul S . Frament ( 1919 – 1942 ) , who was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for heroism in the Guadalcanal campaign . " Frament " was launched on 28 June 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Company ' s Fore River Shipyard , Quincy , Massachusetts ; sponsored by Mrs . Edward A . Frament , mother of Pharmacist ' s Mate Third Class Frament ; and commissioned on 15 August 1943 , Lieutenant Commander S . T . McAdam , Jr . , in command . DE - 677 — Atlantic . " Frament " began the demanding tasks of Atlantic convoy escort on 19 October 1943 , when she sailed from New York to escort tankers to Curaçao and thence to Derry , Northern Ireland . Sailing out of New York , and occasionally Boston , she escorted six convoys to Northern Ireland , one to Cherbourg , France , and one to Gibraltar , in the period from 15 December 1943 to 3 December 1944 . At 02 : 23 hrs on 15 November 1944 , at ( in the North Atlantic about west of Gibraltar ) , " Frament " mistakenly rammed and sank the Italian submarine " Luigi Settembrini " which " Frament " was escorting to Bermuda , where the Italians were to provide aid in anti - submarine warfare training . Of the 42 - strong crew of the " Settembrini " , only 14 survivors were rescued by " Frament " . USS " Scott " ( DE - 214 ) was detached from a convoy bound for the Mediterranean to help search for Italian survivors , and then escorted " Frament " back to Boston , arriving on 3 December . APD - 77 — Pacific . After a hasty decommissioning , " Frament " began conversion to a high - speed transport ; she was reclassified APD - 77 on 15 December 1944 . After training on both coasts , " Frament " arrived at Pearl Harbor on 3 April 1945 for duty training with underwater demolition team s in the Hawaiian Islands . Convoy escort duty took her to Eniwetok , Ulithi , and Leyte in May , and on the 29th she arrived at Okinawa , where she joined the outer patrol screen guarding the great number of ships off the island . Assigned to rescue duty in June , she proved herself on the 10th , when she and several smaller craft saved every man of " William D . Porter " ( DD - 579 ) , when that destroyer was sunk by a suicide plane . Returning to the Philippines at the close of July , " Frament " trained for the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands , and at the close of the war , took up duty with minesweeper s operating in the Yellow Sea . She served on occupation duty until 1 January 1946 , when she sailed from Shanghai for the east coast . On 30 May 1946 " Frament " was placed out of commission in reserve at Green Cove Springs , Florida . Stricken from the Navy Register on 1 June 1960 , the former " Frament " was transferred to Ecuador in July 1961 for use as a power hulk . Awards . " Frament " received one battle star for World War II service .
No . 225 Squadron RAF No . 225 Squadron RAF was formed on 1 April 1918 at Alimini , Italy from part of No . 6 Wing RNAS , and was equipped with Sopwith Camel s . The squadron disbanded on 18 December 1918 . On 11 October 1939 the squadron was reformed at Odiham , equipped with Westland Lysander s , from No . 614A Squadron which had been formed on 3 October 1939 from ' B ' Flight 614 Squadron . In 1942 the squadron re - equipped with Hawker Hurricane s and North American Mustang s . After participating in the allied invasion of Tunisia " Operation Torch " , the squadron began converting to Supermarine Spitfires in January 1943 . In September 1944 the squadron returned to Italy after the invasion of Southern France , where it remained until disbanding on 7 January 1947 . It was reformed on 1 January 1960 , from the Joint Experimental Helicopter Unit , equipped with Bristol Sycamore s and Westland Whirlwind s . The squadron was based at Andover until moving to Odiham in May 1960 , and then Malaysia in November 1963 . The squadron disbanded on 1 November 1965 . Squadron Codes . 225 Squadron aircraft wore two different squadron codes during the period 1939 - 1947 . Code LX was allocated in April 1939 and worn until April 1942 . Code WU was used from April - July 1942 , then February 1943 - January 1947 . Surviving aircraft . Three aircraft that were operated by 225 Squadron during World War II are known to survive . They are : link : http : / / www . rafmuseum . org . uk / london / collections / aircraft / westland - lysander - iii . cfm This aircraft was used by the Squadron for reconnaissance patrols along the south coast of England between September 1940 and April 1941 . Link : http : / / www . maltaviationmuseum . com / spitfire . asp This Spitfire was photographed at Florence , Italy wearing the code WU - S . http : / / www . spitfirepv270 . co . nz /
George Alexander Forsyth George Alexander Forsyth ( November 7 , 1837 – September 12 , 1915 ) was a United States military officer most notable for his service in the cavalry . Early life . Forsyth was born in Muncy , Pennsylvania . He attended Canandaigua Academy and moved to Illinois before the American Civil War . Civil War . Forsyth enlisted April 19 , 1861 as a private in Barker ' s Company , Chicago Volunteer Dragoons ( a 3 - month regiment ) and mustered out August 18 , 1861 . He received a commission as a first lieutenant in the 8th Illinois Cavalry on September 18 , 1861 , followed by promotions to captain on February 12 , 1862 , and major on September 1 , 1863 . He saw action in all major campaigns fought by the Army of the Potomac . He also fought in many cavalry actions in the Shenandoah Valley , where he served as aide - de - camp Maj . Gen . Philip Sheridan and received a brevet promotion to colonel on October 19 , 1864 , for his service at Third Winchester and Cedar Creek . He was appointed a brevet brigadier general of volunteers on March 13 , 1865 , part of a widespread ceremonial promotion of officers at the end of the war . After the Civil War ended , he received a commission in the regular army as a major in the 9th U . S . Cavalry on July 28 , 1866 with brevets on March 2 , 1867 to lieutenant colonel for gallantry during the Civil War at the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House and to colonel for the Battle of Five Forks . Postbellum career . In 1868 Forsyth raised a band of fifty frontiersmen to serve as scouts into Indian Territory . He led this group to victory at the Battle of Beecher Island against Roman Nose . For this action , he received a brevet promotion to brigadier general effective September 18 , 1868 . Between 1869 and 1873 he served as military secretary to Lt . Gen . Sheridan , and between 1878 and 1881 as Sheridan ' s aide - de - camp . In his permanent rank , he received a promotion to lieutenant colonel of the 4th U . S . Cavalry on June 26 , 1881 . On April 23 , 1885 , at Fort Bowie , Arizona , he married Natalie Sedgewick Beaumont , the twenty - two - year - old daughter of fellow 4th Cavalry officer Eugene B . Beaumont . Forsyth retired from the Army in March 1890 and was promoted to colonel on the Retired List in April 1904 . He died at Rockport , Massachusetts , and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery . He was the author of the 1900 work " Thrilling Days in Army Life " .
Yokosuka K1Y The Yokosuka K1Y , also known as the Navy Type 13 Trainer , was a Japanese single - engined biplane trainer of the 1920s . Designed by the Japanese Navy Arsenal at Yokosuka , over 100 were built by several manufacturers , the type being used by the Imperial Japanese Navy well into the 1930s . Design and development . In 1924 , the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal was tasked with designing a replacement for the Imperial Japanese Navy ' s Yokosuka I - go Ko - gata and Avro 504 floatplane trainers . The resultant design was a single - engined two - bay biplane of fabric - covered wooden construction . It was powered by a Gasuden - built Benz six - cylinder water cooled inline engine , and could be fitted with either a conventional landing gear or floats . It first flew in 1925 and was accepted into service as the Navy Type 13 Trainer , with the short system designation E1Y . Operational history . After acceptance in October 1925 , about 40 were built by Nakajima , with 48 more built by Kawanishi from 1928 to 1928 to 1932 , and 10 by Watanabe in 1933 – 34 , which together with six aircraft built by Yokosuka , gave a total of about 104 . The type remained the standard floatplane trainer of the Imperial Japanese Navy until it was replaced by the Yokosuka K4Y from 1933 , although a few remained in use until the early years of the Second World War .