naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
116th Fighter Aviation Regiment The 116th Fighter Aviation Regiment ( " Serbo - Croatian : 116 . lovački puk / 116 . ловачки пук " ) was a unit originally established in 1944 as the 113th Fighter Aviation Regiment ( " Serbo - Croatian : 113 . vazduhoplovni lovački puk / 113 . ваздухопловни ловачки пук " ) . It was formed from Yugoslav partisan aviators , trained and equipped by the Soviet Air Force . History . 113th Fighter Aviation Regiment . The 113th Fighter Aviation Regiment was established on December 15 , 1944 , in Ruma , from Yugoslav partisan aviators with the Soviet Air Force 17th Air Army ' s 267th Fighter Aviation Regiment ( 267 . IAP ) . It became independent from Soviet command and personnel in May 1945 . The regiment was part of the 11th Aviation Fighter Division and equipped with Soviet Yak - 1 M fighter aircraft . The regiment took part in final operations for the liberation of Yugoslavia and was based at Ruma , Ilinovac , Bački Brestovac , Ilinovac ( again ) and Velika Gorica / Pleso airfields . By 1945 then new Yak - 3 fighters were introduced into service . After the war the regiment moved to Slovenia , being based at Ljubljana and Cerklje airfields . By 1947 it was re - located to Macedonia , where it was based at Skopje . From June 18 to September 21 , 1947 , the regiment was based at Tirana in Albania . In 1948 this regiment was renamed , like all other units of the Yugoslav Army , becoming the 116th Fighter Aviation Regiment . The commanders of the regiment in this period were Miljenko Lipovšćak , Nikola Cvikić , Ljubo Kojić and Spasen Zarevski . The commissars were Drago Đuričković , Đuro Savić and Miloš Milikić . 116th Fighter Aviation Regiment . The regiment was formed by renaming the 113th Fighter Aviation Regiment which was at Skopski Petrovac airport , where it remained until it was disbanded . The regiment was part of the 39th Aviation Division until 1959 , when it was subordinated to the 3rd Air Command . It was equipped with Soviet Yak - 3s until 1952 when they were replaced with new domestically produced Ikarus S - 49C fighters . The regiment also had a number of various trainers , including the Soviet Yak - 9 U , the domestically produced Utva 212 and others . It was disbanded on October 15 , 1960 . The commanders of the regiment in this period were Spasen Zarevski , Branko Kuna , Aleksandar Bračun , Drago Stanisavljević , Petar Pavić and Stevan Leka .
NRO Program A The United States ' National Reconnaissance Office ' s Program A was a component of the National Reconnaissance Program ( NRP ) . Program A took the remnants of the Air Force Office of Special Projects ( the successor to the ill - fated SAMOS program office , and redesignated it and refocused its efforts onto the next generation of imagery intelligence gathering satellites ( i . e . CORONA / Discoverer , KH - 7 / 8 GAMBIT , KH - 9 HEXAGON )
Second sergeant Second Sergeant is a specialist rank in the Singapore Armed Forces . Second sergeants are more senior than third sergeants , but less senior than first sergeants . The rank insignia for a second sergeant features the three chevrons pointing down shared by all specialists , and one chevron pointing up . In combat units , second sergeants often hold the appointment of platoon sergeant . They are often given instructional billets as well . Third sergeants may be promoted to the rank of ' local second sergeant ' , holding this rank for the term of their active service only . A local promotion will not carry over to conscripts ' reservist periods .
Banff - class sloop The " Banff " - class sloops were a group of ten ships of the Royal Navy . Built as United States Coast Guard Lake - class cutters , in 1941 these ships were loaned to the Royal Navy as anti - submarine warfare escorts . The transfers took place at the Brooklyn Navy Yard , where HMS " Malaya " was under repair after being torpedoed by " U - 106 " . The sloops were manned for transport to England by personnel from the damaged battleship . The sloops were initially used to escort eastern Atlantic trade convoys between England and Sierra Leone , and one was sunk while so employed . The nine surviving sloops were assigned to Operation Torch where two were destroyed attacking Oran in Operation Reservist . The remaining seven escorted Mediterranean convoys in support of the North African invasion and saw varied employment in the Atlantic until assigned to the Kilindini Escort Force in late 1943 and early 1944 . They stayed in the Indian Ocean for the remainder of the war escorting trade convoys in the Arabian Sea , and five served in the Bay of Bengal supporting Operation Dracula and Operation Zipper in the last months of conflict with Japan . Six were returned to the United States after the conclusion of hostilities ; and one , disabled by mechanical failure , was scrapped overseas .
Joseph J . Brandemuehl Joseph J . Brandemuehl is a Brigadier General in the United States Air National Guard and is the commander of the 115th Fighter Wing at the Truax Field Air National Guard Base in Madison , Wisconsin . Career . Brandemuehl originally enlisted in 1979 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in 1985 . In 1990 he received a B . S . in Engineering Mechanics - Astronautical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin - Madison and in 1992 he received a M . S . in Engineering Mechanics - Structural Dynamics from the University of Wisconsin - Madison . He has accumulated more than 3 , 000 flying hours in a Cessna T - 41 Mescalero , Cessna T - 37 Tweet , Northrop T - 38 Talon , the Fairchild Republic A - 10 Thunderbolt II , Fairchild C - 26 Metroliner , and the General Dynamics F - 16 Fighting Falcon . Awards he has received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Aerial Achievement Medal , the Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Army Commendation Medal , the Air Force Achievement Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with valor device and four oak leaf clusters , the Combat Readiness Medal with one silver oak leaf cluster and three bronze oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Good Conduct Medal , the Air Reserve Forces Meritorious Service Medal , the National Defense Service Medal , with service star , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal , the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal , the Air Force Overseas Service Ribbon , the Air Force Longevity Service Award with silver oak leaf cluster , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal with silver hourglass device and mobilization device , the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon with service star , and the Air Force Training Ribbon with oak leaf cluster .
Operation Zet Operation Zet was a secret operation of the Soviet Union to provide military and technical resources to the Republic of China as a part of the Sino - Soviet Non - Aggression Pact . The operation was aimed at resisting the invasion of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II . The Soviet Union and The Empire of Japan had a longstanding rivalry that sometimes had resulted in open hostilities . The operation was carried out in secret to maintain plausible deniability while simultaneously resisting the expansionist efforts of Japan to establish itself as the pre - eminent political force in East Asia . Under the name of Soviet Air Force Volunteers , Soviet troops fought in the defense of Nanjing , Wuhan , Nanchang and Chongqing .
Satomi clan The was a clan of the Sengoku period ( 1467 – 1573 ) and early Edo period ( 1603 – 1868 ) . The Satomi claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji clan . Nitta Yoshishige ( d . 1202 ) , whose son Yoshitoshi took ' Satomi ' as his surname . Awa Satomi clan . The Satomi moved from Kōzuke Province in present - day Gunma Prefecture to Awa Province in present - day southern Chiba Prefecture in the mid - 15th century . From this period the clan became known as the Awa Satomi clan . During the Sengoku period the Satomi were forced to submit to the overlordship of Hōjō Ujitsuna in 1539 . The remainder of the period saw the clan battle the Late Hōjō , Takeda , and Imagawa clans . The Satomi were involved in the First Battle of Kōnodai ( 1538 ) and the Second Battle of Kōnodai ( 1564 ) . The Satomi fought under both Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu . At the beginning of the Edo period the clan was named the daimyo of Awa Province with a holding of 120 , 000 " koku " . The Satomi fell afoul of the Tokugawa shogunate early in the Edo period . The clan was implicated in the Ōkubo Nagayasu Incident of 1614 . The daimyo Satomi Tadayoshi ( 1594 – 1622 ) was banished to Hoki Province in present - day Tottori Province , and had his holdings reduced to 30 , 000 " koku " . Tadayoshi had no heir , and the clan died out with his death .
James S . Rains James Spencer Rains ( October 2 , 1817 – May 19 , 1880 ) was a brigadier general of the Confederate Missouri State Guard during the American Civil War . Early life and career . James Spencer Rains was born in Tennessee to Asahel and Malvina ( Duncan ) Rains of Warren County . By 1840 Rains had moved to the vicinity of Sarcoxie , Missouri . He served as prewar general of the militia , as Newton County , Missouri judge from 1840 to 1842 , was elected to the state house by Newton County in 1844 , and in the state senate from 1854 to 1861 . Between 1845 and 1852 Rains served as an agent for Indian affairs in various locations , and ventured to California as a " forty - niner " where he served as a general in the California state militia . In 1860 Rains was an unsuccessful candidate for the U . S . Congress for the Southwest Missouri District . Civil War . On May 18 , 1861 , Governor Claiborne Jackson of Missouri appointed Rains brigadier general of the 8th Division of the Missouri State Guard . While he was an excellent recruiter , the new brigadier was completely unfit for military command . His failure to instill organization and discipline led to derisive nicknames such as " Rains ' Blackberry Cavalry " and routs referred to as " Rains ' Scares . " Rains led his command ineptly at the Battle of Carthage . ( It is a matter of historical contention as to whether he may have been in command of the whole Missouri State Guard on the field , but if he was he seems to have provided no direction beyond his own 8th Division . ) Here the cavalry failed to cut off the retreat of a small Union force over open prairie . His standing did not improve when his cavalry panicked and was routed in a skirmish south of Springfield at Dug Springs . At Wilson ' s Creek his force was surprised and driven in by the initial attack of Lyon ' s advancing infantry . He served in the major battles of the Missouri State Guard in 1861 and 1862 . He was wounded at the Battle of Pea Ridge and ran afoul of the commander of the Confederate forces , Earl Van Dorn , during the retreat . Rains did not accompany the Missouri forces across the river into Mississippi in April 1862 . He remained behind with other Missouri State Guard forces who did not wish to leave the Trans - Mississippi . Major General Thomas Hindman placed Rains in command of the mixed guard and Confederate forces in Northwest Arkansas . Hindman relieved Rains of command in October 1862 for " incompetence and insobriety . " Rains moved to Texas to recover his health . In 1864 he returned to Missouri at the command of Confederate Governor Thomas C . Reynolds to recruit during Price ' s Missouri Raid . With the end of the raid , Rains withdrew . Post - war Career and Death . After the war Rains settled in Wood County , Texas and later Kaufman County , Texas where he became a farmer , railroad promoter , lawyer , and political organizer / candidate . He failed in his run for lieutenant governor in 1878 . He died on May 19 , 1880 at his home and is buried at Lee Cemetery in Seagoville , Dallas County .
Friedrich - Wilhelm Müller Friedrich - Wilhelm Müller ( 29 August 1897 – 20 May 1947 ) was a General in the German army in World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves and Swords was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . He is notorious for having been the most brutal commander of occupied Crete , where he earned the nickname " The Butcher of Crete . " After the war , he was tried by a Greek military court for war crimes , convicted and executed . Pre - war and early war . In 1915 Müller joined the German 2nd Infantry Regiment . He became a second lieutenant in the 266th Regiment in 1915 . In 1936 he became a major in the German army , and by 1940 was a lieutenant colonel and commander of the 105th Infantry Regiment . He was awarded the Knight ' s Cross in 1941 and received oak leaves in 1942 for operations in Russia . Crete . In August 1942 General Müller took command of the 22nd Air Landing Infantry Division , which was transferred from the Eastern Front to garrison occupied Crete . In Crete , Müller became notorious for his brutality , and he was responsible for many of the atrocities committed on the island ( e . g . the holocaust of Viannos , the destruction of Anogia and the Kedros villages of Amari , the execution of civilians in Damasta , etc . ) . During the autumn of 1943 , he led the German forces in their victory over the Italian - British forces in the Dodecanese Campaign . On 1 July 1944 he replaced Bruno Brauer as Commander on Crete . By 1945 , Müller commanded the German 4th Army on the Eastern Front . The 4th Army had already been decimated by fighting in the Heiligenbeil Pocket by the time he assumed command . Müller ended the war in East Prussia and was captured by the Soviets . In 1946 , Müller was tried by a Greek court in Athens for the massacres of hostages for reprisals . He was sentenced to death on 9 December 1946 and executed by firing squad 20 May 1947 , along with former General Bruno Bräuer , on the anniversary of the German invasion of Crete . " Ill Met by Moonlight " . The original SOE plan , as described in the book " Ill Met by Moonlight " written by W . Stanley Moss , later made into a film , was to capture Müller , the commander of the Sebastopol division . But , he had been replaced by General Kreipe . SOE believed that Müller had left Crete , when he was in Hania replacing Brauer as the commander of the island . The operation to capture a general was carried out , nevertheless , as it was reckoned that one German general was as good as another .
Charles Mills ( Royal Navy officer ) Vice - Admiral Sir Charles Piercy Mills ( 4 October 1914 – 27 July 2006 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Governor of Guernsey . Naval career . Educated at the Royal Naval College , Dartmouth , Mills joined the Royal Navy in 1932 . He served in World War II and briefly commanded HMS " Brazen " in 1939 . He worked at Western Approaches Command in Liverpool at the height of the Battle of the Atlantic . He went on to be a signals officer at Algiers before joining the planning staff for the Normandy landings . He then became a signals officer based in Ceylon . He also fought in the Korean War as captain of the destroyer HMS " Concord " earning the DSC for his services . He was then made Second - in - Command of the signals school at Portsmouth , and then from 1956 , he became Chief Staff Officer to the Flag Officer Second - in - Command , Mediterranean Fleet . He was appointed CBE for services during the Suez Crisis . In 1959 he took command of the destroyer HMS " Daring " and the 2nd Destroyer Squadron and in 1963 he was made Director - General ( Weapons ) . He was appointed Flag Officer Second - in - Command , Far East Fleet in 1966 and the final Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth in 1967 . He retired in 1969 and became Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey . In retirement he ived at Aldeburgh in Suffolk . Family . In 1944 he married Anne Cumberlege ; they went on to have two daughters .
HMS Antrim ( D18 ) HMS " Antrim " was a County - class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched on 19 October 1967 . In the mid - 1970s , the Royal Navy removed ' B ' turret and replaced it with four Exocet launchers . Falklands Conflict . " Antrim " served in the Falklands War . She was the flagship of Operation Paraquet , the recovery of South Georgia in April 1982 . Her helicopter , a Westland Wessex HAS . Mk3 , was responsible for the rescue of 16 SAS men from Fortuna Glacier . The aircraft played a key role in the detection and disabling of the Argentinian submarine " Santa Fe " . Captain Largos , commander of the Argentine forces on South Georgia , signed the surrender document for the Argentine Forces there in her wardroom . Lieutenant - Commander Alfredo Astiz signed a separate document shortly afterwards aboard . While supporting the main landing on the Falkland Islands at San Carlos Water , a bomb hit " Antrim " , but did not explode , and she fired her Sea Slug Missile at an Argentine Air Force A - 4 Skyhawk without hitting it . A name board formerly belonging to her now resides in the Falkland Islands Museum , Stanley . As part of her relationship with County Antrim , she carried a piece of the Giant ' s Causeway mounted in the ship ' s main passageway , appropriately also named the Giant ' s Causeway . Transfer to Chilean Navy . " Antrim " was decommissioned in 1984 and sold to Chile on 22 June 1984 . The Chileans renamed her " Almirante Cochrane " after Thomas Cochrane , who had commanded the Chilean Navy from 1817 to 1822 . In 1994 " Almirante Cochrane " underwent the same refit as her sister ship " Blanco Encalada " . This entailed removing her Seaslug launcher and extending her deck aft to allow the installation of a new , larger hangar . In 1996 she received the Barak SAM in place of her Seacat launchers . The Chilean Navy decommissioned " Almirante Cochrane " on 7 December 2006 . On 11 December 2010 , she was towed to China for scrap .
Airdrop An airdrop is a type of airlift , developed during World War II to resupply otherwise inaccessible troops , who themselves may have been airborne forces . In some cases , it is used to refer to the airborne assault itself . Early airdrops were conducted by dropping or pushing padded bundles from aircraft . Later small crates with parachute s were pushed out of the aircraft ' s side cargo doors . Later cargo aircraft were designed with rear access ramps , lowerable in flight , that allowed large platforms to be rolled out the back . As aircraft grew larger , the U . S . Air Force and Army developed " low - level extraction " , allowing tank s and other large supplies to be delivered , such as the M551 Sheridan or M2 Bradley . Propaganda leaflets are also a common item to airdrop . The airdropping of weapons evolved to the concept of having the payload itself as one massive bomb . The 15 , 000 pound ( 6 , 800 kg ) BLU - 82 , nicknamed the " Daisy Cutter " for its ability to turn a dense forest into a helicopter landing zone in a single blast , was used in Vietnam and recently in Afghanistan . The 22 , 600 pound ( 10 , 250 kg ) GBU - 43 / B , nicknamed the " Mother Of All Bombs " , was deployed to the Persian Gulf for The Iraq War . These palletized airdropped weapons are used by cargo aircraft like the C - 130 or C - 17 in the traditional role of a bomber aircraft . In peacekeeping operations or humanitarian aid situations , food and medical supplies are often airdropped from United Nations and other aircraft . Types of airdrop . The type of airdrop refers to the way that the airdrop load descends to the ground . There are three main types of airdrop , and each type may be performed via several methods . Methods of airdrop . The method of airdrop refers to the way the load leaves the aircraft . There are three main methods of airdrop currently used in military operations . Historically , bomber aircraft were sometimes used to drop supplies , using special supply canisters that were compatible with the aircraft ' s bomb attachment system . During World War II , German bomber aircraft dropped containers called " Versorgungsbomben " ( provisions bombs ) to supply friendly troops on the ground . The British equivalent was the CLE Canister that could carry up to of supplies or weapons . Notably , British and American bombers air - dropped weapons to the Polish Home Army during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 . The Western Allies also used bombers to drop food on the Netherlands to help feed civilians who were in danger of starvation in the Dutch famine of 1944 . The Anglo - American Operations Manna and Chowhound took place with Germans agreement not to fire on the aircraft taking part .
Burnside carbine The Burnside carbine was a breech - loading carbine that saw widespread use during the American Civil War . Design . The carbine was designed and patented by Ambrose Burnside , who resigned his commission in the U . S . Army to devote himself full time to working on the weapon . The carbine used a special brass cartridge , also invented by Burnside . Pressing the weapon ' s two trigger guards opened the breech block and allowed the user to insert a cartridge . When the trigger was pulled , the hammer struck a percussion cap and caused a spark ; a hole in the base of the cartridge exposed the black powder to this spark . The unique , cone - shaped cartridge sealed the joint between the barrel and the breech . Most other breech - loading weapon s of the day tended to leak hot gas when fired , but Burnside ' s design eliminated this problem . Service history . In 1857 , the Burnside carbine won a competition at West Point against 17 other carbine designs . In spite of this , few of the carbines were immediately ordered by the government , but this changed with the outbreak of the Civil War , when over 55 , 000 were ordered for use by Union cavalry men . This made it the third most popular carbine of the Civil War ; only the Sharps carbine and the Spencer carbine were more widely used . They saw action in all theatres of the war . There were so many in service that many were captured and used by Confederates . A common complaint by users was that the unusually shaped cartridge sometimes became stuck in the breech after firing . By using ordnance returns and ammunition requisitions , it has been estimated that 43 Union cavalry regiments were using the Burnside carbine during the 1863 - 1864 period . Additionally , 7 Confederate cavalry units were at least partially armed with the weapon during this same period . Five different models were produced . Toward the end of the Civil War , production was discontinued when the Burnside Rifle Company was given a contract to make Spencer carbines instead . Effect of the carbine on Burnside ' s career . Though he was actually a poor military officer , Ambrose Burnside rose through the ranks partly because his carbine was so well known . He was pressured by President Lincoln several times to take command of the Union Army of the Potomac . He repeatedly declined , saying " I was not competent to command such a large army as this . " When he eventually did accept command , he led the Army of the Potomac to defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg . The battle and the subsequent retreat left Burnside ' s " officers complaining loudly to the White House and the War Department about his incompetence . " He also performed poorly at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House , and a court of inquiry blamed him for the Union failure at the Battle of the Crater .