naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
John L . Davis John Lee Davis was a Rear Admiral of the United States Navy , who served during the American Civil War , and later commanded the Asiatic Squadron . Biography . Davis was born in Carlisle , Indiana , on 3 September 1825 . He entered the Navy as a midshipman on 9 January 1841 , and was warranted passed midshipman on 10 August 1847 . While serving as acting lieutenant aboard the sloop of the East India Squadron , he commanded one of the boats that boarded a piratical Chinese junk off Macao in November 1849 , with another officer and sixteen men , and captured the vessel and crew . He was commissioned lieutenant on 15 September 1855 , and was attached to the Gulf Blockading Squadron in 1861 . As executive officer of the gunboat he took part in engagements with the Confederate ram at the battle of the Head of Passes on 12 October 1861 . He was commissioned lieutenant commander on 16 July 1862 , and in command of the gunboat , attacked Fort McAllister on 19 November . His ship was pierced by a solid shot below water . The leak was stopped temporarily , and after the action the vessel was taken on shore and patched at the falling of the tide . He attacked the fort again on 27 January and 1 February 1863 , and on 28 February when the privateer " Rattlesnake " was destroyed . On 19 March he sank the blockade - runner when she attempted to enter Charleston harbor . He was then given command of the ironclad monitor and took part in the engagements with Forts Sumter , Gregg , Moultrie , and Battery Bee , at the beginning of September 1863 , and in the attacks on Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie in November 1863 . In 1864 - 65 he commanded the steamer of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . " Sassacus " towed the powder boat from Norfolk to Fort Fisher in December , and was engaged during the First and Second Battles of Fort Fisher in December 1864 and January 1865 . Davis also took part in attacks on Fort Anderson on the Cape Fear River on 18 February ; and on Fort Strong on 20 and 21 February . His ship was struck under the waterline , but the leak was kept under control until dark , and then effectually stopped . He was commissioned commander on 25 July 1866 , and commanded the sloop from 1871 on the North Atlantic Station . Davis was promoted to captain on 14 February 1873 , and was a member of the Lighthouse Board in 1876 , and of the Board of Inspection in 1882 . He was promoted to commodore on 4 February 1882 , and commanded the Asiatic Squadron in 1883 , and on 30 October 1885 , received his commission as rear admiral . In November 1886 , Davis was relieved of his command of the Asiatic Squadron and placed on the retired list .
Ralph D . Townsend Ralph D . Townsend was a Brigadier General in the Idaho Air National Guard . Career . Townsend originally enlisted in the Idaho Army National Guard in 1956 . In 1958 , he enlisted in the United States Air Force . He was commissioned an officer the following year . Townsend then began radar interceptor training at James Connally Air Force Base in Waco , Texas . Following his graduation from training , Townsend was assigned to the 445th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron at Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda Township , Michigan . He was awarded his pilot wings in 1964 and later that year joined the 325th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron at Truax Field Air National Guard Base in Madison , Wisconsin . During that time , he was deployed to serve a tour of duty in the Vietnam War . In 1966 , he was assigned to the 317th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron at Joint Base Elmendorf - Richardson in Anchorage , Alaska . During this time , he was deployed to serve a second tour of duty in the Vietnam War . Following his return to the United States , he was stationed at Mountain Home Air Force Base in Elmore County , Idaho . Townsend transferred to the Air Force Reserve Command in 1969 and to the Idaho Air National Guard in 1970 . He held command of the 190th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron at Gowen Field Air National Guard Base in Boise , Idaho from 1977 until 1978 , at which time he was named Deputy Commander for Operations of the 124th Tactical Reconnaissance Group . Townsend assumed command of the 124th Tactical Reconnaissance Group in 1985 . In 1989 , he was named Assistant Adjutant General for Air , Idaho National Guard . His retirement was effective as of January 2 , 1998 . Awards he received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Air Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Outstanding Unit Award with three oak leaf clusters , the Combat Readiness Medal with one silver and two bronze oak leaf clusters , the National Defense Service Medal , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal , the Vietnam Service Medal with three service stars , the Humanitarian Service Medal , the Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon , the Air Force Longevity Service Award with one silver and one bronze oak leaf cluster , the Armed Forces Reserve Medal , the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon with service star , the Air Force Training Ribbon with oak leaf cluster and the Vietnam Campaign Medal .
Watertender A watertender is a crewman aboard a steam - powered ship who is responsible for tending to the fires and boilers in the ship ' s engine room . In the United States Navy , " watertender " ( abbreviated WT ) was a petty officer rating which existed from 1884 to 1948 . Watertenders held a paygrade equivalent to today ' s petty officer first class . A chief watertender ( CWT ) paygrade was established in 1903 . In 1921 , the lower paygrade was split into watertender first class ( WT1 or WT1c ) and watertender second class ( WT2 or WT2c ) . Another lower paygrade , watertender third class ( WT3 or WT3c ) , was established in 1943 . The watertender and boilermaker ratings were merged into a new " boilerman " rating in 1948 , which merged into " machinist ' s mate " in 1996 .
Cecil Lambert Admiral Sir Cecil Foley Lambert KCB ( 28 May 1864 – 29 February 1928 ) was a Royal Navy admiral during World War I . Naval career . Born the son of Sir Henry Edward Francis Lambert , 6th Baronet , and his wife , Eliza Catherine Hervey , Cecil Lambert joined the Royal Navy as a Naval Cadet in 1877 . Promoted to Commander , 31 December 1900 , and Captain in June 1905 , he went on to command HMS " Lapwing " and HMS " Hibernia " . He became Fourth Sea Lord and a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty in 1913 , and continued to serve in that role into World War I . In 1917 he was appointed Commodore , first class , in command of the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron in the Grand Fleet , with his flag in HMS " Birmingham " , being promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral in April 1917 . In the same year he was awarded the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star ( the second highest of eight classes associated with the Order ) , notice of the King ' s permission to accept and wear this honour being duly published in the London Gazette . From February - September 1918 he served as Rear - Admiral Commanding the Aegean Squadron . In 1919 Lambert was seconded to the recently established Royal Air Force where he served as Director of Personnel . The following year he was appointed to the Air Council as an additional member . He relinquished his appointment on 5 December 1921 and was placed on the Retired List . Family . In 1896 Cecil Lambert married Rosina Drake , the daughter of Francis Drake of Brixham in Devon .
Bawdsey Bawdsey is a village and civil parish in Suffolk , eastern England . Located near Felixstowe , it had an estimated population of 340 in 2007 . Bawdsey Manor is notable as the place where radar research took place early in World War II , before moving to Worth Matravers near Swanage in May 1940 , and from there to Malvern , Worcestershire in 1942 . Bawdsey had both Chain Home and Chain Home Low early warning radar stations during World War II . The World War Two defences constructed around Bawdsey Point have been documented . They included a number of pillboxes , landmines and flame fougasse installations . The beaches were protected with extensive barriers of scaffolding . Bawdsey Cliff SSSI . Bawdsey Cliff is a Site of Special Scientific Interest notified for its geological importance . It is in size and provides over of exposed Gelasian ( early Pleistocene ) Red Crag , the most significant exposure of Red Crag in England .
AN / ALE - 47 The AN / ALE - 47 Airborne Countermeasures Dispenser System is used to protect military aircraft from incoming radar and infrared homing missile s . It works by dispensing flares or chaff . It is used on a variety of U . S . Air Force , Navy , and Army aircraft , as well as in other militaries . Overview . The AN / ALE - 47 countermeasure dispenser system was developed by Tracor , now part of BAE Systems , as an improved version of the older ALE - 40 system , with more autonomy and software . The AN / ALE - 47 countermeasure dispenser system is also manufactured by Symetrics Industries , LLC out of Melbourne , Florida . The AN / ALE - 47 system can be integrated on a wide range of aircraft , including helicopter s , cargo aircraft and fighters . It reached initial operational capability ( IOC ) in the U . S . Navy in 1998 . It has been integrated on 38 different types of aircraft , including the F - 16 , F / A - 18 , C - 17 , CH - 47 and UH - 60 . As of 2008 , over 3000 sets have been delivered and the system is used by 30 different nations . Function . The ALE - 47 is integrated with the aircraft ' s radar warning receivers , missile warning receivers and other electronic warfare sensors . When the aircraft ' s sensors detect a threat , the countermeasure dispenser system automatically launches radiofrequency and infrared countermeasures at the optimum time to defeat incoming missiles . The ALE is compatible with a wide variety of countermeasures such as different types of flares and chaff . It is also designed to work with advanced future countermeasures . Components . The ALE - 47 consists of a cockpit control unit , sequencer units , countermeasure dispensers and an optional programmer . The cockpit control unit provides an interface with the pilot . A programmer can be added to add extra features , such as advanced threat evaluation . It can also be used to fully integrate the system with an aircraft ' s glass cockpit eliminating the need for the cockpit control unit . The sequencer units control the dispensers , and are automatically capable of detecting misfire s and correcting them . The sequencers are built into the dispenser units on the rotary - wing version . Each dispenser can hold five different types of countermeasures for a total of 30 . The whole system can accommodate up to 32 dispensers on fixed - wing aircraft and 16 on rotary - wing aircraft .
Horseshoe Bend National Military Park Horseshoe Bend National Military Park is a U . S . national military park managed by the National Park Service that is the site of the last battle of the Creek War on March 27 , 1814 . General Andrew Jackson ' s Tennessee militia , aided by the 39th U . S . Infantry Regiment and Cherokee and Lower Creek allies , finally crushed Upper Creek Red Stick resistance during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend at this site on the Tallapoosa River . Jackson ' s decisive victory at Horseshoe Bend broke the power of the Creek Nation . Over 800 Upper Creeks died defending their homeland . This was the largest loss of life for Native Americans in a single battle in the history of United States . On August 9 , 1814 , the Creeks signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson , which ceded 23 million acres ( 93 , 000 km ) of land in Alabama and Georgia to the United States government .
Adam Stephen Adam Stephen ( c . 1718 – July 16 , 1791 ) was a Scottish - born doctor and military officer . He came to North America , where he served in the Virginia colonial militia under George Washington during the French and Indian War . He served under Washington again in the American Revolutionary War , rising to lead a division of the Continental Army . After a friendly fire incident in the 1777 Battle of Germantown , Stephen was found to have been drunk during the battle , and was cashiered out of the army . He later founded Martinsburg , West Virginia . Life . Adam Stephen was born in Scotland . He earned a degree at King ' s College in Aberdeen , and studied medicine in Edinburgh . He then entered Royal Navy service on a hospital ship before emigrating to the British province of Virginia in the late 1730s or early 1740s . There he established a medical practice in Fredericksburg . He entered the provincial militia in 1754 , and became lieutenant colonel of the Virginia Regiment under George Washington . That year he participated in Washington ' s expedition that climaxed with the Battle of Jumonville Glen and the Battle of Fort Necessity , the opening battles of the French and Indian War . He continued to serve with the regiment and was involved in the disastrous Braddock Expedition of 1755 and other expeditions . When the war ended in 1763 , he took over command of the regiment from Washington , and assisted in putting down Pontiac ' s Rebellion . When the American Revolutionary War broke out , he offered his services to the Continental Army , again serving under Washington . He was with the army during the New York and New Jersey campaign s of 1776 and early 1777 , and , as a major general , was given command of a division in Washington ' s army during the defense of Philadelphia . During the October 1777 Battle of Germantown he led his troops into a situation where they became engaged in friendly fire with those of Anthony Wayne . The ensuing court martial found that Stephen was drunk at the time of the battle ; he was stripped of his command and cashiered out of the army . He returned to his home in Virginia , and is said to have laid out the plan for Martinsburg in what is now West Virginia in 1778 . He named it after a friend , Colonel Thomas Bryan Martin , and became the sheriff of Berkeley County , of which Martinsburg became the county seat . In later years he was joined there by Generals Horatio Gates and Charles Lee , who both purchased property in the county . In 1788 he was elected to the Virginia convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States . Stephen was married and had one child , a daughter named Ann . He died in Martinsburg in 1791 , and is buried beneath a monument erected in his honor there . Legacy . Stephen ' s residence at Martinsburg , known as the Adam Stephen House , and at The Bower near Shepherdstown , West Virginia are listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
23rd Battalion ( New Zealand ) The 23rd Battalion , also known as the " Canterbury - Otago Battalion " , was a infantry battalion of the New Zealand Military Forces during the Second World War . Formed in November 1939 as part of the 5th Brigade , 2nd Division of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force . After undertaking training at Burnham Camp the battalion sailed from New Zealand on the 1 May 1940 . The battalion saw action in Greece , Crete , North Africa , and Italy .
Semovente 90 / 53 The Semovente 90 / 53 was a heavy Italian self - propelled gun and tank destroyer , used by the Italian and German Armies during World War II . Development . It was created by mounting a 90 mm Cannone da 90 / 53 anti - aircraft gun on top of an enlarged chassis of a M14 / 41 tank . Only 30 of these vehicles were produced , all in 1942 . This low production was due to Italy ' s limited industrial capability at the time , as well as high demand for the 90 mm gun for regular anti - aircraft duties . The Semovente 90 / 53 was primarily developed in response to demands by Italian forces on the Eastern Front for a vehicle - mounted anti - tank weapon that could take on Soviet T - 34 and KV tank s . Italian armored forces on the Eastern Front were equipped only with the L6 / 40 tank and Semovente 47 / 32 self - propelled gun ; neither of these had the firepower to cope with the Soviet medium and heavy tanks . However , no Semovente 90 / 53 were ever sent to the Eastern Front . The major drawback of the Semovente 90 / 53 , as with many self - propelled gun types of World War II , was the open top and rear of the gun compartment , which left the gun crew exposed to shrapnel and small arms fire . In addition , the Semovente 90 / 53 had little or no armor in most areas . Because these vehicles were designed to operate far enough away from enemy vehicles to not be subject to incoming fire , this was initially not considered a problem . The small ammunition capacity of the vehicle was also a problem ; only six rounds could be carried . This necessitated the creation of special ammunition carriers out of Fiat L6 / 40 tanks , one accompanying each Semovente 90 / 53 in the field . The L6 ammunition carrier itself carried 26 rounds along with an additional 40 rounds in a towed trailer . It fired " Effetto Pronto " , or HEAT rounds , which could pierce 70 mm armor plating at a range of 2 , 200 meters . Combat use . None were ever sent to the Russian Front . In the North African Campaign , the Semovente 90 / 53 proved to be an effective weapon and its long range was well suited to the flat and open desert terrain . 24 Semovente 90 / 53s saw service against the Allies in the 10° Ragruppamento Semoventi , which was stationed in Sicily during the Allied invasion in 1943 . Following the surrender of Italy in September 1943 , the few surviving Semovente 90 / 53 were seized by the German Army , but were of little value in the mountainous terrain of Northern Italy where they operated . As a result , most finished their careers as long - range artillery . Surviving vehicle . Only one Semovente 90 / 53 survived the war . Originally displayed at Aberdeen Proving Grounds ( APG ) , as shown in the sidebar photo above , it was transferred the Fort Sill Field Artillery Museum in Fort Sill , Oklahoma in 2012 . It has since been restored by the Fort Sill Directorate of Logistics ( DoL ) paint shop and is awaiting display . This surviving example has , " " a fairly good history . It was assigned to the 163rd Support Artillery Group , was captured in Sicily in 1943 and shipped back to Aberdeen for evaluation . " "
Siege of Heidelberg ( 1622 ) The Siege of Heidelberg or the Spanish - Imperial capture of Heildelberg took place from 23 July to 19 September 1622 , at Heidelberg , Electorate of the Palatinate , between the Spanish - Imperial army led by Johan Tzerclaes , Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba against the Anglo - Protestant forces of Frederick V , Elector Palatine , commanded by Sir Gerard Herbert and Sir Horace Vere during the Palatinate campaign , in the context of the Thirty Years ' War . < ref name = " Polišenský / Snider " > Polišenský / Snider . " War and society in Europe ( 1618 - 1648 ) " < / ref > On 16 September the city of Heidelberg was taken by storm , and the Heidelberg Castle surrendered three days later to the Spanish and Imperial forces . Background . In 1620 the Spanish commander Don Ambrosio Spinola adopted Fabian tactics in the hope of wearing the enemy out , until the approach of winter compelled the English and their allies to seek quarters . Sir Horace Vere divided his troops among the three most important strongholds of the Palatinate . He himself occupied Mannheim , Sir Gerard Herbert he stationed in Heidelberg Castle , while Sir John Burroughs undertook to defend Frankenthal . Early in 1621 the Protestant Union was broken up , and the English garrisons had to give up all hope of relief . The English governors were not closely pressed that year . The garrison under Sir Horace Vere at Mannheim received a visit early in 1622 from the dethroned Frederick V , Elector Palatine , who had promised them a diversion , and who , in conjunction with Ernst von Mansfeld , had inflicted a momentary check upon the Imperialist army under Johan Tzerclaes , Count of Tilly , at Wiesloch ( April ) . A few weeks later , however , the Count of Tilly , having been reinforced by the Spanish army of Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba , inflicted defeats on the Protestants , capturing a large number of German towns held by Protestants , and in June , Frederick V had finally to leave Mannheim . Siege of Heidelberg . The English garrisons were now surrounded by a force of Spaniards and Imperialists under Tilly and Córdoba . Vere resolved to hold out , though he knew that the military position was hopeless . The combined Protestant forces , now numbering 25 , 000 strong , positioned themselves on the western bank of the Rhine River . Heidelberg came under siege by the Spanish - Imperial forces and despite an 11 - week resistance , fell on 19 September 1622 . The English commander of the Protestant forces , Sir Gerard Herbert , was mortally wounded during the siege . Aftermath . The progress of the Spanish was unstoppable , and after the fall of Heidelberg , and the unsuccessful Protestant defense at Mannheim , the Spanish army captured the town . Finally , the defensive Anglo - Protestant forces under Sir Horace Vere , after a futile struggle , were defeated and capitulated . Only Frankenthal remained loyal to Frederick V , Elector Palatine , defended by the forces of Sir John Burroughs , but was taken one year later by the Spanish troops , thus leaving the Electorate of the Palatinate in the hands of the Spaniards .