naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Powder Magazine ( Camp Drum ) The Powder Magazine from Camp Drum is a Los Angeles Historic - Cultural Monument located in the Wilmington section of Los Angeles , California , near the Port of Los Angeles . Built in 1862 , the Powder Magazine is a brick - and - stone structure that was used to store gunpowder during the Civil War . It was originally part of Camp Drum , a facility built upon the outbreak of the American Civil War to address concerns about the loyalty and security of the Los Angeles area . Many of the area ' s residents were recent arrivals from the Southern states , and southerner John C . Breckenridge received twice as many local votes as Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 Presidential election . Phineas Banning , the founder of Wilmington ( then known as New San Pedro ) , wrote to President Lincoln advising that the Union would lose California unless some provision was made to quell pro - Confederacy sentiment . Camp Drum was built between 1862 and 1863 and was the home base for the California Column , commanded by Colonel James Henry Carleton . Between 2 , 000 and 7 , 000 soldiers were stationed at Camp Drum , and Wilmington became a thriving community with a population greater than Los Angeles during the war . The Powder Magazine is one of only two surviving structures from Camp Drum , the other being the Drum Barracks , which is now operated as a Civil War museum by the City of Los Angeles . The Powder Magazine has been used for various private uses over the years , at one point having another structure built around it . When the larger structure was torn down , the Powder Magazine was re - discovered . In order to save it from demolition , it was declared a Historic - Cultural Monument ( HCM # 249 ) in August 1982 . For more than two decades , it has sat on a vacant , fenced - off lot two blocks south of the Drum Barracks .
Jesse Cross Brigadier General Jesse R . Cross , USA was the 50th Quartermaster General of the United States Army and the Commanding General of the U . S . Army Quartermaster School at Fort Lee , Virginia . Military career . Brigadier General Cross is a graduate of West Texas State University with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in marketing and holds a Master of Science degree in logistics management from the Florida Institute of Technology . He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant , Quartermaster Corps through ROTC in 1979 . He is a graduate of the Quartermaster Basic and Advanced Courses , the Command and General Staff College , and the U . S . Army War College . Brigadier General Cross ’ past assignments include : Platoon Leader , Property Book Officer , and Shop Officer , 225th Maintenance Company , Fort Sill , Oklahoma ; Supply Control Officer , 2nd Supply and Transportation Battalion , 2nd Infantry Division , Camp Casey , Korea ; Commander , Headquarters and Supply Company , 3rd Support Battalion , 9th Infantry Division , Fort Lewis , Washington ; Assistant Professor of Military Science at Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas ; Supply Management Officer , Materiel Management Center , Fort Hood , Texas ; Support Operations Officer and Executive Officer , 3rd Support Battalion , 3rd Infantry Division , Schweinfurt , Germany ; Logistics Staff Officer , Directorate of Logistics , U . S . Special Operations Command , MacDill Air Force Base , Florida ; Commander , 125th Forward Support Battalion , 1st Armored Division , Fort Riley , Kansas ; Senior Forward Support Battalion Observer Controller , Combat Maneuver Training Center , at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels , Germany ; Support Operations Officer , 3D Corps Support Command , Wiesbaden , Germany ; Commander , 200th Materiel Management Center , Kaiserslautern , Germany ; and Plans Chief , J4 , United States Central Command , MacDill Air Force Base , Florida . Cross was promoted to Brigadier General in a ceremony held at the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia on December 2 , 2005 . His last assignment was as commander of the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia , Defense Logistics Agency . DSCP annually buys over $ 12 . 4 billion worth of food , clothing , textiles , medicines , medical supplies , construction and equipment items for American military personnel and other customers worldwide . Cross was the 50th Quartermaster General and Commandant of the Quartermaster School at Fort Lee , Virginia relinquishing command on November 22 , 2010 . He commanded the Combined Arms Support Command / Sustainment Center of Excellence ( SCoE ) from June 11 , 2010 to September 9 , 2010 . Brigadier General Cross is married and has four children . Awards and decorations . Cross was inducted as a Distinguished Member of the Quartermaster Regiment in 2006 and was awarded the Distinguished Order of Saint Martin in 2003 .
Arras Memorial The Arras Memorial is a World War I memorial in France , located in the Faubourg d ' Amiens British Cemetery , in the western part of the town of Arras . The memorial commemorates 34 , 785 soldiers of the forces of the United Kingdom , South Africa and New Zealand , with no known grave , who died in the Arras sector between the spring of 1916 and 7 August 1918 . The major battle in this area during this period was the Battle of Arras . The cut - off date of 7 August 1918 signifies the start of the Advance to Victory , and casualties after that date are listed on other memorials . Also not included here are the names of the missing dead among Canadian and Australian servicemen , who are instead listed at the Vimy Memorial and the Villers - Bretonneux Memorial . Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens , the memorial includes sculpture by Sir William Reid Dick . Located in the same cemetery is the Arras Flying Services Memorial ( commemorating 991 airmen with no known grave ) . Both memorials were unveiled by Lord Trenchard on 31 July 1932 . Lord Trenchard had served as the commander of Royal Flying Corps in France from 1915 to 1917 . In 1918 , he briefly served as the first Chief of the Air Staff before taking up command of the Independent Air Force in France . Also present at the unveiling ceremony was Richard Bell - Davies , British First World War fighter pilot and Royal Navy officer , and recipient of the Victoria Cross . Those listed on this memorial include the following sportsmen : Isaac Bentham , Walter Tull , Sandy Turnbull , James Williams . There are a total of 13 recipients of the Victoria Cross commemorated on the Arras Memorial or the Arras Flying Services Memorial : Ernest Frederick Beal , Bernard Matthew Cassidy , Alexander Edwards , John Erskine , John Harrison , Lanoe George Hawker , David Philip Hirsch , Basil Arthur Horsfall , George Jarratt , Richard Basil Brandram Jones , Edward Mannock , Oliver Cyril Spencer Watson , Albert White .
Jan Romocki Jan Romocki codename : Bonawentura ( 17 April 1925 – 18 August 1944 ) was a Polish Scoutmaster ( podharcmistrz ) , Second Lieutenant of AK - Szare Szeregi , poet and younger brother of fellow resistance figure Andrzej " Morro " Romocki . Romocki was born in Warsaw , Poland and died in a hospital at 23 Miodowa Street in Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising , after it was bombed by the Luftwaffe .
Junior sergeant A junior sergeant ( " nooremseersant " in Estonian language ) , is an Estonian military rank in the Ground and Air Force of Estonia , which has existed since the end of the Estonian War of Liberation in 1920 . In Russian and Soviet military ranks , a junior sergeant is roughly equivalent to a corporal . Estonian Defence Forces . The rank marks the first level of the junior non - commissioned officer .
Robert Ford ( British Army officer ) General Sir Robert Cyril Ford GCB CBE ( born 29 December 1923 ) is a former Adjutant - General to the Forces . Military career . Born in Devon to John and Gladys Ford , Robert Ford was educated at Musgrave ' s College and was later commissioned into the 4th / 7th Royal Dragoon Guards in 1943 . He served in North West Europe during World War II and was mentioned in despatches . He was deployed to Palestine in 1947 and was again mentioned in despatches . He became Commanding Officer of 4th / 7th Royal Dragoon Guards in 1966 and went on to become Commander of 7th Armoured Brigade in 1968 . In 1971 , as Major - General Robert Ford , he was appointed Commander of Land Forces in Northern Ireland at the height of The Troubles . He was criticised in the Saville Report into the Bloody Sunday massacre in Derry for deploying soldiers to arrest rioters : " In our view his decision to use 1 Para as the arrest force is open to criticism but he did not know his decision would result in soldiers firing unjustifiably . " In the secret memo to his superior , dated 7 January 1972 , Ford said he was " coming to the conclusion that the minimum force necessary to achieve a restoration of law and order is to shoot selected ringleaders amongst the DYH ( Derry Young Hooligans ) , after clear warnings have been issued " . In the event , seven of the innocent victims of Bloody Sunday were indeed Derry teenagers . At the Bloody Sunday inquiry he claimed not to remember having written the memo . In 1973 he became Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , and in 1976 he was appointed Military Secretary . He was Adjutant General from 1978 to 1981 when he retired from the British Army . He was ADC General to the Queen from 1980 to 1981 . He was awarded the CB in 1973 , the KCB in 1977 and the GCB in 1981 . He was also awarded the MBE in 1958 and the CBE in 1971 . Retirement . In retirement he was Chairman of the Army Benevolent Fund from 1981 to 1987 . He was also Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1981 to 1987 . He served as Vice - Chairman of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission ( C . W . G . C . ) from 1989 to 1993 . Family . In 1949 he married Jean Claudia Pendlebury ( died 2002 ) and together they went on to have one son . He married Caroline Margaret Peerless ( " née " Leather ) in 2003 . References .
Richard D . Dean Richard D . Dean ( born May 27 , 1929 ) is a retired United States Army Brigadier General who served as Deputy Director of the Army National Guard . Early life . Richard Daniel Dean was born in Sedalia , Missouri on May 27 , 1929 . He joined the Missouri Army National Guard ’ s 175th Military Police Battalion in 1948 . Dean completed the Reserve Officer Training Corps program at the University of Missouri in 1952 , and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering and Business . Dean became the owner and operator of a construction company in Sedalia . Korean War . Commissioned a Second Lieutenant of Field Artillery , after completing his initial training Dean served in the Korean War . Assigned to the 160th Field Artillery , a unit of the 45th Infantry Division , Dean served in Battery C as a Forward Observer , and later in a staff assignment as Assistant Troop Information and Education Officer . He was released from active duty in March , 1954 . Post Korean War . Dean rejoined the Missouri Army National Guard , and advanced through command and staff assignments of increasing rank and responsibility . He commanded Battery C , 1st Battalion , 128th Field Artillery and Headquarters Battery , 2nd Battalion , 128th Field Artillery in the 1950s . He later commanded 1st Battalion , 128th Field Artillery . Later career . In 1975 Dean was assigned as Commander of the 135th Field Artillery Group . In 1979 he was appointed to command the 35th Engineer Brigade . Dean was appointed Deputy Director of the Army National Guard in 1983 and promoted to Brigadier General . He served in this position until his retirement in 1987 . Military education . Dean is a graduate of the United States Army Command and General Staff College and the National War College . Awards . Dean ’ s awards include : Post military career . After retiring , Dean resided in Arlington , Virginia and Sedalia . In 2009 Dean was one of the signers of a letter to President Barack Obama , in which more than 400 retired generals and admirals asked that the 1993 Don ’ t ask , don ’ t tell policy on homosexuality among members of the military be kept in place .
Commencement Bay - class escort carrier The " Commencement Bay " - class escort aircraft carriers were based on the Maritime Commission T3 type tanker hull , which gave them a displacement of approximately 23 , 000 tons and a length of 557 feet ( 170 m ) . Unlike most earlier CVE classes which were laid down as something else and converted to aircraft carrier s mid - construction , the " Commencement Bay " s were built as carriers from the keel up . Their general layout was similar to the s , but some of the Sangamon ' s engineering shortcomings were addressed . They entered service late in World War II — launched on 9 May 1944 — so most of them saw little or no operational service . Thirty - three of them were ordered but many were cancelled prior to completion . Nineteen saw commissioned service in the US Navy , four were broken up on the ways at the end of the war , two were accepted from the builders , but never commissioned and the remainder were cancelled before being laid down . After the war they were seen as potential helicopter , anti - submarine , or auxiliary ( transport ) carriers , and a number of ships served in these roles during the Korean War . The onrushing jet age ended their lives , as the ships were no longer large enough to safely carry the much larger jet aircraft of the late 1950s , and all units were out of service or reclassified by 1960 .
Cameron Shute General Sir Cameron Deane Shute KCB ( 1866 – 1936 ) was a British Army General during World War I . Military career . Shute was commissioned into the Welsh Regiment in 1885 . He transferred to the Rifle Brigade in 1895 and participated in the Nile Expedition and the Siege of Khartoum in 1898 . He was Deputy Assistant Adjutant General in Malta from 1899 and a General Staff Officer at Scottish Coast Defences from 1905 . In 1910 he was appointed Commander of the 2nd Bn the Rifle Brigade and then became a General Staff Officer at Aldershot Training Centre from 1914 . He served in World War I in France and Belgium becoming Commander of 59th Brigade in France during the Guillemont actions in 1915 . He went on to be General Officer Commanding of the Royal Naval Division in 1916 , of the 32nd Division in 1917 and of the 19th Division at the Battle of Messines in France in 1917 . In April 1918 he took command of V Corps in France . After the War he became GOC of 4th Division . Finally he was General Officer Commanding - in - Chief for Northern Command in 1927 ; he retired in 1931 . A . P . Herbert poem . General Shute had an intense dislike for the unconventional " nautical " traditions of the Royal Naval Division and made numerous unpopular attempts to stamp them out . He was particularly critical of the poor management of the latrine s which could have led to an outbreak of dysentery . Following a particularly critical inspection of the trenches by General Shute , an officer of the division , Sub - Lieutenant A . P . Herbert , who later became a famous humorous writer , legal satirist and Member of Parliament , wrote a popular poem that summed up the feelings of the men of the RND : Although soldier songs hostile to superior officers were not rare , it is unusual to have a song aimed at a named officer .
Captain ( Royal Navy ) Captain ( Capt ) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy . It ranks above Commander and below Commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF - 5 . The rank is equivalent to a Colonel in the British Army or Royal Marines and to a Group Captain in the Royal Air Force . The rank of Group Captain is based on the Royal Navy rank . Sometimes the rank is described as Captain RN to distinguish it from the more junior army rank . In the Royal Navy , the officer in command of any ship is considered the captain even if that officer holds a different rank . Royal Navy officers who rank as captains may serve on ships or on land in naval bases or other service establishments . The rank insignia features four rings of gold braid with a loop in the upper ring .
Hans - Joachim Birkner Hans - Joachim Birkner ( 22 October 1921 – 14 December 1944 ) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Birkner was credited with 117 aerial victories — that is , 117 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . Career . Birkner was born on 22 October 1921 at Schönwalde ( East Prussia ) . " Feldwebel " Birkner was posted to 9 . / Jagdgeschwader 52 ( JG 52 — 52nd Fighter Wing ) on the Eastern front in summer 1943 and recorded his first victory , a P - 39 Airacobra , on 1 October . By the end of the year he had claimed 24 victories in total . Over the next few months Birkner often flew as " Rottenflieger " ( wing man ) to the high scoring aces Günther Rall and Erich Hartmann , claiming any of his victories whilst flying with them . On 15 January 1944 Birkner claimed five P - 39 fighters shot down . In April , he claimed a further 29 victories , including six in one day on 19 April . In May he claimed 17 victories , including five on 30 May . In June he claimed a United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) P - 51 Mustang escort fighter over Rumania on 24 June for his 92nd victory . Birkner was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 for 98 victories . On 1 October 1944 , Birkner was appointed " Staffelkapitän " ( squadron leader ) 9 . / JG 52 . In October Birkner claimed another 18 victories , including his 100th victory on 14 October . Birkner was killed on 14 December 1944 when he suffered engine failure landing at Krakau in a Messerschmitt Bf 109 G - 14 . Hans - Joachim Birkner was credited with 117 victories in 284 missions , and some 121 combats . All his victories were recorded over the Eastern front . Included in his total are at least 15 Ilyushin Il - 2 Sturmovik s .
John Aiken Air Chief Marshal Sir John Alexander Carlisle Aiken , KCB ( 22 December 1921 – 31 May 2005 ) was Commander of British forces in Cyprus at the time of the Turkish invasion of the island in 1974 . RAF career . Educated at Birkenhead School , Aitken joined the Royal Air Force in 1941 , serving in World War II in North - West Europe , flying Spitfires with No . 611 Squadron from 1942 and in the Far East as a flight commander with No . 548 Squadron flying Spitfires out of Darwin from 1944 . In 1948 he became an instructor at the RAF College Cranwell before becoming Officer Commanding Birmingham University Air Squadron in 1950 . He was made Personal Staff Officer to the Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at Fighter Command in 1954 , Officer Commanding No . 29 Squadron in 1956 and a Staff Officer at Headquarters Allied Forces Northern Europe in 1958 . He went on to be Deputy Director , Intelligence ( Air ) at the Air Ministry in 1960 before being appointed Station Commander at RAF Finningley in 1962 . His next series of appointments were as Air Commodore ( Intelligence ) at the Ministry of Defence in 1964 , Deputy Commander - in - Chief at RAF Germany in 1969 and Director - General of RAF Training in 1971 . He was appointed as Commander - in - Chief Near East Air Force ( including responsibility for British Forces Cyprus and Administration of the Sovereign Base Areas ) in 1973 . He remained there throughout the period of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus , during which time he was responsible for organising the evacuation of several thousand foreign nationals from Nicosia and Limassol . He returned to the UK in 1976 and became Air Member for Personnel . He retired in March 1978 . On retirement , he was appointed Director General of Intelligence at the Ministry of Defence from 1978 to 1981 . He was also President of the Royal Air Force Association from 1984 – 85 and 1987 – 88 . Aiken was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1967 , and was knighted ( KCB ) in 1973 . Family . In 1948 he married Pamela Bartlett ; they had a son and a daughter . References .
Ivane Kazbegi Ivane Kazbegi ( ; ; ) ( June 11 , 1860 — December 2 , 1943 ) was a Georgian soldier , who served , successively , in the Imperial Russia n , Georgian and Polish armies . Ivane Kazbegi was born into the family of noble descent . Trained at a military college in St . Petersburg , he joined the Imperial Russian army in 1878 . As an artillery lieutenant - colonel , he took part in the Russo - Japanese war of 1904 - 05 . He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1912 and to that of major - general in 1915 . During World War I , Kazbegi was a deputy commander of the Caucasian Grenadier Artillery Brigade . After Georgia ' s declaration of independence in 1918 , he served for the Georgian Ministry of War and headed its administrative division . The Soviet invasion of Georgia in 1921 forced him into exile to Constantinople , whence he moved to Poland in 1922 . Like many of his Georgian colleagues , Kazbegi became a contract officer for the Polish army . In 1926 , he became a major general in the Polish service and lectured at the Military Academy . He retired in 1934 and died in Warsaw , being interred at the Powązki Military Cemetery .
83rd Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 83rd Infantry Division ( " 83 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in November 1914 as the " Division Posen 1 " , part of the Posen Corps ( " Korps Posen " ) , and became the 83rd Infantry Division in June 1915 . It was initially formed from the garrison infantry regiments of Fortress Posen ( " Festung Posen " ) . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . Division Posen 1 initially served on the Eastern Front , fighting in Poland , including at the 1914 Battle of Łódź , and then spent most of the period until mid - 1915 fighting along the Rawka and Bzura Rivers . On June 2 , 1915 , it became the 83rd Infantry Division . It fought on the Narew River in July and August 1915 and participated in the capture of Białystok on August 26 , 1915 and the subsequent conquest of Grodno . Until April 1917 , it occupied the line along the Berezina River and was then along the Servech and Shchara Rivers for several months . It remained in the Bukovina region until the armistice on the Eastern Front . In March 1918 , the division was sent to the Western Front , where it initially occupied the line in Lorraine and then moved to Flanders . It went to the Somme region in August and returned to Lorraine in September , where it was for the remainder of the war . Allied intelligence rated the division as fourth class . Order of battle on formation . The 83rd Infantry Division was formed as a square division . The order of battle of the division on June 14 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent a number of organizational changes over the course of the war . It was triangularized in September 1917 , losing the 332nd Infantry Regiment . Cavalry was reduced , artillery and signals commands were formed , and combat engineer support was expanded to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on April 15 , 1918 was as follows :