naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Norwich ( 1693 ) HMS " Norwich " was a 50 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched at Deptford in 1693 . She was rebuilt according to the 1706 Establishment at Chatham Dockyard , relaunching on 20 May 1718 . In 1744 she was reduced to a fifth rate and renamed HMS " Enterprise " . Engagements . HMS " Norwich " took part in the destruction of the fortress of San Lorenzo el Real Chagres ( March 22 – 24 , 1740 ) , in Panama , as part of a squadron commanded by Vice Admiral Edward Vernon during the War of Jenkins ' Ear . At 3 pm on March 22 , 1740 , the English squadron , composed of the ships Stafford , Norwich , Falmouth and Princess Louisa , the frigate Diamond , the bomb vessel s Alderney , Terrible and Cumberland , the fireship s Success and Eleanor , and transports Goodly and Pompey , under command of Vernon , began to bombard the Spanish fortress . Given the overwhelming superiority of the English forces , Captain Don Juan Carlos Gutiérrez Cevallos surrendered the fort on March 24 , after resisting for two days . HMS " Enterprise " patrolled the Caribbean until the end of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1748 , when she was laid up in ordinary . " Enterprise " was recommissioned in 1756 at the outbreak of the Seven Years ' War , again for service in the West Indies and North America and resumed her duties as Atlantic convoy escort . In 1762 she was present at the siege and capture of Havana , Cuba , an action involving nearly 60 warships and transports enough for more than 16 , 000 troops . " Enterprise " was decommissioned in January 1764 and was broken up in 1771 at Sheerness .
Charles Louis de Marbeuf Louis Charles René , comte de Marbeuf ( 4 November 1712 , Rennes – 20 September 1786 , Bastia ) , grand - cross of the order of Saint Louis , was a French general . Life . The son of a Breton lord , he served in the ancien regime army , becoming colonel of the dragons de Condé , before taking part in the pacification of Corsica , at first as interim army commander between Chauvelin and the comte de Vaux ( December 1768 - April 1769 ) , then as commander of a corps under Vaux until the battle of Ponte Novu . In 1774 he built the village of Cargèse for a group of Greek colonists who were living in Ajaccio . On 29 September 1783 he married Catherine Antoinette Salinguerra de Gayardon de Fenoyl in Paris . He was made marquis de Cargèse for his government of Corsica on Louis XV ' s behalf . During his stay on Corsica he became friends with the Bonaparte family and acted as Napoleon Bonaparte ' s protector , obtaining a place at the military collège at Brienne for him , as is recalled in " The Memorial of Saint Helena " . However , the naming of rue Marbeuf near the Champs - Élysées is not to be attributed to a house that Louis Charles René had in Paris .
Maritime Prefect The Préfet Maritime is a servant of the French State who exercises authority over the sea in one particular region ( a " Préfecture maritime " ) . As a civil servant , he reports to the Prime Minister . But the Maritime Prefect is simultaneously charged of military operations , and for this reason also reports to the chief of the general staff ( CEMA , or " Chef d ' état - major des armées " ) . The dignity was created in 1800 to unify the command of harbours ( civil administrator ) and the command of the Navy ( Admiral ) . The " préfet maritime " is in charge of the French sovereignty at sea , monitoring operation , safety of the users , police and rescue operations , etc . He also commands all armed vessel linked to his place . The present " Préfectures maritimes " are :
Battle of the Bulge order of battle This is the order of battle of German and Allied forces during the Battle of the Bulge . " Caveat " : This Battle lasted more than a month , with assignments in considerable flux . Any hierarchy of unit within Corps within Army within Army Group is inherently a snapshot of a single moment in that flux . The hierarchy given here is at a moment nearly at the end of the Battle . To fully understand the hierarchy at any given moment in the Battle , you must not rely on this page alone . For example , the hierarchy here places the U . S . 7th Armored Division in XVIII Corps in U . S . First Army in 12th Army Group . However , when the German attack began on 16 December 1944 , the alignment of U . S . 7th Armored Division was ( XIII Corps , U . S . Ninth Army , 12th Army Group ) . Later that day , the alignment became ( VIII Corps , U . S . First Army , 12th Army Group ) . On 20 December , the alignment became ( XVIII Corps , U . S . First Army , 12th Army Group ) and on the same day ( XVIII Corps , U . S . First Army , 21st Army Group ) . On 18 January 1945 , the final alignment became ( XVIII Corps , U . S . First Army , 12th Army Group ) - - the alignment in the hierarchy given here . Allied Forces . Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces General of the Army Dwight D . Eisenhower 12th Army Group . LTG Omar N . Bradley U . S . First Army . LTG Courtney H . Hodges V Corps . MG Leonard T . Gerow VII Corps . MG Joseph Lawton Collins < br > XVIII Airborne Corps . MG Matthew B . Ridgway U . S . Third Army . LTG George S . Patton , Jr . III Corps . MG John Millikin < br > VIII Corps . MG Troy H . Middleton < br > XII Corps . MG Manton S . Eddy 21st Army Group . Field Marshal Sir Bernard L . Montgomery XXX Corps . Lt - Gen . Brian Horrocks Air Support . U . S . Army Air Forces . U . S . Strategic Air Forces in Europe Gen Carl Spaatz U . S . Eighth Air Force ( Strategic ) . LTG James H . Doolittle U . S . Ninth Air Force . LTG Hoyt S . Vandenberg Axis Forces . Oberbefehlshaber West < br > Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt Army Group B . Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model Fifth Panzer Army . General der Panzertruppen Hasso von Manteuffel XLVII Panzer Corps . General der Panzertruppen Heinrich Freiherr von Lüttwitz LXVI Corps . General der Artillerie Walter Lucht LVIII Panzer Corps . General der Panzertruppen Walter Krüger XXXIX Panzer Corps . Genlt Karl Decker Sixth Panzer Army . Oberstgruppenfuhrer der Waffen SS Josef Dietrich I SS Panzer Corps . SS - Gruppenfuhrer Hermann Priess II SS Panzer Corps . SS Obergruppenfuhrer Willi Bittrich LXVII Corps . Genlt Otto Hitzfeld Seventh Army . General der Panzertruppen Erich Brandenberger LIII Corps . General der Kavallerie Edwin von Rothkirch LXXX Corps . General der Infanterie Franz Beyer LXXXV Corps . General der Infantrerie Baptist Kniess Luftwaffe . II Fighter Corps < br > Genmaj . Dietrich Peltz III Flak Corps < br > Genlt . Wolfgang Pickert
Ground Equipment Facility J - 31 Ground Equipment Facility J - 31 ( San Pedro Hill Air Force Station during the Cold War ) is a Joint Surveillance System radar site of the Western Air Defense Sector ( WADS ) and the Federal Aviation Administration ' s air traffic control radar network for the Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center . The facility ' s Air Route Surveillance Radar Model 1E with an ATCBI - 6 beacon interrogator system are operated by the FAA and provide sector data to North American Aerospace Defense Command . The site provided Semi - Automatic Ground Environment data to the 1959 - 66 Norton AFB Direction Center for the USAF Los Angeles Air Defense Sector . The site also provided Project Nike data to the 1960 - 74 Fort MacArthur Direction Center ~ away for the smaller US Army Los Angeles Defense Area — as well as gap - filler radar coverage for the 1963 - 74 Integrated Fire Control area of Malibu Nike battery LA - 78 on San Vicente Mountain . History . The " ADC / FAA joint - use facility " began operations in 1961 with an FAA ARSR - 1 C radar . After the April 1 , 1961 , move of the 670th Radar Squadron ( SAGE ) - - formerly the 670th AC & W Squadron — from San Clemente Island Air Force Station , the was activated June 1 . The squadron was assigned to the " Fort MacArthur AI " ( Army Installation ) and operated the San Pedro Hill radars which included a General Electric AN / FPS - 6B Radar and an Avco AN / FPS - 26 Radar for height finding . In 1964 , the station ' s Westinghouse AN / FPS - 27 Radar was installed ( removed 1969 ) and the AN / FPS - 6B was modified to an AN / FPS - 90 . In April 1976 the squadron was redesignated Detachment 1 of Luke AFB ' s 26th Air Defense Squadron ( the AN / FPS - 26A was removed in this time frame ) . The radar station with 18 military & 5 civilians was planned for transfer after the 1978 Base Realignment and Closure Commission . After the station transferred to the FAA when Aerospace Defense Command was inactivated , the Air Force continued to operate the AN / FPS - 90 height - finder by then modified to an AN / FPS - 116 ( removed c . 1988 ) . In the late 1990s , the Air Force terminated the data - tie at San Pedro Hill and established a data - tie with the new Navy - installed ARSR - 4 radar at San Clemente Island ' s Mount Thirst . The Raytheon ARSR - 1E Radar at San Pedro Hill was in use by November 2010 .
Battle of Grand Couronné The Battle of Grand Couronné ( ) was an episode of the Battle of the Frontiers , at the beginning of the First World War . The battle was fought from 4 to 13 September 1914 , between the 6th German Army commanded by Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria and the 2nd French Army commanded by Noel de Castelnau . Background . After the failure of the Battle of Lorraine on 20 August 1914 , the 2nd French Army retreated . It occupied the Grand Couronné ; a series of heights near Nancy , on an arc of Pont - à - Mousson , Champenoux , Lunéville and Dombasle - sur - Meurthe . After the Battle of the Mortagne , a first attempt at opening up the junction point of the First and Second French Armies , the Germans decided to simultaneously attack Saint - Dié and Nancy resulting in the Battle of Grand Couronné . After the failure of the Battle of Mortagne , the capture of Nancy would have been an important German psychological victory . German Emperor Wilhelm II came in person to supervise the offensive . In parallel with the German attack , pressure was placed on the Allied forces in the west and Castelnau had to dispatch several divisions to reinforce the French 3rd Army . The battle . The battle began on 4 September 1914 by the starting of a German artillery bombardment . Many villages of the sector were destroyed . From 5 September , in spite of heavy losses , the outcome remained in doubt . On the 9th and 10th Nancy was bombarded . On 12 September , the Germans started a retreat under the protection of their artillery . On the 13th , Pont - à - Mousson and Lunéville were recaptured by the French without combat . The French forces continued to advance until close to the Seille river , where the front stabilized until 1918 . Aftermath . The Battle of Grand Couronné and the Battle of Mortagne largely contributed to the allied success of the First Battle of the Marne , by fixing a large number of German troops in Lorraine . Castelnau was promoted to Grand cross of the Légion d ' honneur on September 18 , 1914 .
Home Squadron The Home Squadron was part of the United States Navy in the mid - 19th century . Organized as early as 1838 , ships were assigned to protect coastal commerce , aid ships in distress , suppress piracy and the slave trade , make coastal surveys , and train ships to relieve others on distant stations . It was discontinued in 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War , when the Union blockade forced a reassignment of ships to close off Southern ports . History . Mexican - American War . During the Mexican - American War the ships of the Home Squadron , commanded by Commodore David Conner , USN fought in several engagements against Mexican forces . Many of the Home Squadron vessels were attached to vice commander Commodore Matthew C . Perry ' s Mosquito Fleet which was involved in the battles of Tuxpan , Tabasco , Villahermosa and Veracruz . No ship - to - ship combat occurred though several merchant vessels were captured , the Home Squadron primarily operated against Mexican coastal fort s and artillery batteries . Reform War . Since the Mexican War of Independence ending in 1821 , Mexican liberals and the rebel conservatives were constantly in conflict . The friction led to a major civil war known as the Reform War from 1858 to 1860 . During the Second Siege of Veracruz in 1860 , a Mexican officer named Thomas M . Marin of the Mexican Navy mutinied and escaped to Havana with several of his crewmen . There he armed and equipped five vessels to sail back to Veracruz to assist and supply General Miramon ' s siege of the federal held city . The Mexican government declared Marin ' s fleet to be that of pirates so ships of the Home Squadron were ordered to intervene and arrest Marin . Two of Marin ' s ships , the steamer " General Miramon " and the sloop - of - war " Marquis of Havana " , arrived at their rendezvous off Anton Lizardo . They were spotted by a Mexican fort and the frigate USS " Savannah " which ordered the sloop - of - war USS " Saratoga " to intervene with help from two steamers . As the American ships under Commodore Thomas Turner approached and fired warning shots , the Mexicans attempted to flee but were closely pursued until forced to engage . A short but bloody engagement was fought resulting in the capture of the two conservative ships and over thirty casualties on both sides . The battle played an important role in ending the Reform War with a liberal victory . Due to the loss of supplies , the conservatives under General Miramon failed to take Veracruz from the liberals for a second time . Soon after Miramon surrendered his army which ended the conventional phase of the war and started the guerrilla phase . Slave Trade . Slavers seized by the Home Squadron : References .
Augustus Frederick Lindley Augustus Frederick Lindley ( 呤唎 ) , was a Royal Navy officer who , along with his wife Mary , joined the 1860 Taiping reform movement in China . He trained Taiping soldiers using modern techniques , and Mary became a sniper . In June 1863 , Li Xiu - cheng commanded 250 , 000 troops to withdraw to Nanjing , when Taiping ‘ s warships took troops cross river , tough fighting between Taiping and Xiang Army ( Battle of Jofoolzo九洑洲決戰 ) , Lindley was commander of Taiping ‘ s fleet and several times defeated Xiang Army offensive and down many Xiang Army ‘ s warships , but he was wounded and his wife Mary and friend Earl were KIA at last . Lindley very sad and for merit he was promoted Colonel of Taiping . When Charles George Gordon returned to the UK , Lindley publicly castigated Gordon in the pages of " The Times " . In 1863 , Lindley returned to the UK . In 1866 he written and published a book ( " Ti Ping Tien Kwoh : The History of the Ti - Ping Revolution , including a narrative of the author ' s personal adventures " ) , and included some words ： [ For my dear friend Field Marshal Li Xiucheng , I will remember him forever if he die ] . References . Tiān Guó Zwi ( 天國志 )
6th Royal Tank Regiment The 6th Royal Tank Regiment ( 6 RTR ) was a regiment of the Royal Tank Regiment , of the British Army , until 1959 . It originally saw action as 6th Battalion Tank Corps in 1917 . First World War . When tank s were first used in action in 1916 , they were operated by the Heavy Branch of the Machine Gun Corps . This constituted six companies , A through F . With the rapid growth of the tank forces , these companies were used as the cadre of new battalions , which were quickly transferred to the newly formed Tank Corps , and then changed from letters to numbers . F Company thus became F Battalion of the Heavy Branch in November 1916 , then F Battalion of the Tank Corps , then redesignated as 6th Battalion of the Tank Corps in January 1918 . During this time , the unit saw heavy action ; it fought at the Battle of Messines , Passchendaele , Cambrai , Amiens ( using Whippet Mk A light tanks ) , Baupame , 2nd Arras and Cambrai - St Quentin . During this time , a Victoria Cross was awarded to Captain Richard Annesley West of the North Irish Horse , at the time an acting Lieutenant - Colonel commanding 6th Battalion Tank Corps . This was one of only four VCs awarded to the Corps during the Great War . Inter - war period . After the Armistice , the Tank Corps was severely cut down ; from twenty - six battalions in 1919 to four by the early 1920s . The 6th Battalion was one of those disbanded , with its remaining personnel being transferred to the 3rd Battalion in November 1919 . In the 1930s , the decision was taken to expand the Royal Tank Corps ( " Royal " had been added to the regimental title in 1923 ) . Two Royal Tank Corps armoured car companies in Egypt , the 3rd and 5th , were brought together and reformed as 6th Battalion , Royal Tank Corps . However , this unit was understrength - it only consisted of two companies - and was not brought up to full strength with a third company until early 1939 , by which time it had been renamed the 6th Royal Tank Regiment . Second World War . When the war broke out in 1939 , 6 RTR was based in Egypt with the Heavy Armoured Brigade ( Egypt ) , part of the Armoured Division ( Egypt ) . It was equipped with a mixture of Mk VIb light tanks , Mark II medium tanks , and Mk I Cruiser tanks . Postwar . 6 RTR saw action during the Suez crisis in 1956 , where HQ , B and C Squadrons were landed to support Operation Musketeer . In 1948 , the Regiment was located at Scofton aerodrome , Notts , training TA ' s from 45 Leeds Rifles . In 1959 it was amalgamated with 3rd Royal Tank Regiment
Victor - François , 2nd duc de Broglie Victor François de Broglie , 2nd duc de Broglie ( 19 October 1718 , Paris – 30 March 1804 ) was a French aristocrat and soldier and a marshal of France . He served with his father , François - Marie , 1st duc de Broglie , at Parma and Guastalla , and in 1734 obtained a colonel cy . In the War of the Austrian Succession he took part in the storming of Prague in 1742 , and was made a brigadier . In 1744 and 1745 he saw further service on the Rhine , and he succeeded his father as 2nd duc de Broglie on the old duke ' s death in 1745 . He was made a " Maréchal de Camp , " and he subsequently served with Marshal de Saxe in the Low Countries , and was present at Roucoux , Val and Maastricht . At the end of the war he was made a Lieutenant - general . During the Seven Years ' War he served successively under Louis Charles César Le Tellier , duc d ' Estrées , Charles de Rohan , prince de Soubise , and Contades , being present at all the battles from Hastenbeck onwards . His victory over Prince Ferdinand at Bergen ( 1759 ) won him the rank of marshal of France from the French King Louis XV and the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire " Reichsfürst " from Emperor Francis I . In 1759 he won the Battle of Bergen and followed that with the capture the city of Minden , later fighting at the Battle of Minden under the command of Contades whom he would succeed in command . In 1760 he won an action at the Korbach , but was defeated at Villinghausen in 1761 . After the war he fell into disgrace and was not recalled to active employment until 1778 , when he was given command of the troops designed to operate against England . He played a prominent part in the French Revolution , which he opposed with determination ; he commanded troops at Versailles in July 1789 and briefly served as Louis XVI ' s minister of war before fleeing France . After his emigration , the duc de Broglie commanded the " Army of the Princes " for a short time ( 1792 ) . Since the duke ' s eldest son , Charles - Louis - Victor , prince de Broglie , died in the Terror , the succession fell to his grandson , who became the third duc de Broglie . He died at Münster in 1804 .
Alan Smith ( RAF officer ) Sir Alan Smith , CBE , DFC * ( 14 March 19171 March 2013 ) , was a British World War II Royal Air Force Supermarine Spitfire fighter ace and businessman . Early life . Smith was born at South Shields , County Durham . He left Bede College School , Sunderland at 14 after the death of his merchant navy sea captain father to work in his mother ' s ironmongery store and then set up his own business . Military service . He trained as a pilot after joining the RAF Volunteer Reserve and joined No . 610 Squadron RAF . He then joined No . 616 Squadron RAF as a sergeant pilot in January 1941 based at RAF Tangmere . He was under the command of Wing Commander Douglas Bader who selected him as his wingman in which role he was described as “ leech - like " , and " a perfect number two " . Two further well - known individuals made up Bader ' s section of four aircraft during this period : Johnnie Johnson and ' Cocky ' Dundas . Three of the four ( Bader , Dundas and Smith ) went on to receive knighthoods and all four survived the war . On 9 August 1941 Smith was about to be commissioned and was away in London buying his uniform . He was therefore unavailable to fly and protect his CO ' s tail and Bader was shot down and spent the remainder of the war as a PoW . Smith then served as an instructor and trained Americans to fly the Spitfire . He joined No . 93 Squadron RAF and took part in Operation Torch flying from Algeria and he shot down four Focke - Wulf Fw 190 fighters and other aircraft . After service as a flying instructor in Florida he left the RAF in December 1945 as a Flight Lieutenant . Career . Smith then moved to Scotland where he became a managing director and then a chief executive in the textile industry . Honours and decorations . He was appointed CBE in 1976 and was knighted in 1982 . On 4 November 1941 , the then Pilot Officer Alan Smith , Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve , No . 616 Squadron is awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy : On 16 February 1943 , Flight Lieutenant Alan Smith DFC , Royal Air Force Reserve , No . 93 Squadron is awarded a Bar to the Distinguished Flying Cross in recognition of gallantry displayed in flying operations against the enemy : On 1 January 1976 , as chairman of Dawson International , he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the new year honours . On 12 June 1982 , he as appointed a Knight Batchelor as chairman and chief executive of Dawson International in the Queen ' s Birthday Honours .