naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
65th Air Division The 65th Air Division ( 65th AD ) is an inactive United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with United States Air Forces in Europe , assigned to Seventeenth Air Force , being stationed at Lindsey Air Station , Germany . It was inactivated on 30 June 1991 . History . Established as the 4 Air Defense Wing , the unit was not activated or manned . Re - designated as the 65th Fighter Wing , the wing and its subordinate units transferred to England and was assigned to VIII Fighter Command in June 1943 and began flying combat missions . Subordinate units escorted bombers , flew counter air patrols , and dive bombing missions . They attacked airdromes , marshaling yards , missile sites , industrial areas , ordnance depots , oil refineries , trains , and highways . During " Big Week " ( February 1944 ) , the 65th participated in the assaults against the German Air Force and the German aircraft industry . Its units supported the Allied invasion of Normandy ( June 1944 ) ; the Allied ground troops during the Battle of the Bulge ( December 1944 through January 1945 ) ; the Allied airborne attack on Holland ( Operation Market Garden , September 1944 ) ; the defense of the Remagen bridgehead against German air attacks ( March 1945 ) ; and the airborne attack across the Rhine ( March 1945 ) . As an Air Division , it carried out air defense operations in Iceland from 1952 to 1954 . Activated three years later it transferred to Spain , where it cooperated with Spanish Air Force units in the Air Defense Direction Centers ( ADDCs ) . The 65th Air Division directed base construction , and the establishment of off base housing and radar sites . Its fighter squadrons flew air defense interceptions over Spanish airspace . The 65th also controlled the operations of attached tactical fighter squadrons deployed to Spain for temporary duty . Assigned or attached units of the division participated in numerous exercises with the Spanish Air Defense Command , and in some instances , with the U . S . Sixth Fleet . In June 1985 , the 65th assumed responsibility for integrating USAFE ' s electronic combat systems to maximize overall warfighting potential . Components . Wings Groups Flight : Radar sites ( 1957 - 1965 ) Squadrons :
Humanitarian civic assistance activities In the United States Department of Defense , Humanitarian Civic Assistance ( HCA ) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise , training or operation . Under the HCA program , U . S . military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and school construction , vaccination of children and animals , and well - digging . HCA programs are often executed with the involvement of host - country civilian and military personnel . U . S . National Guard or reserve units are involved in many HCA activities . HCA programs cannot be carried out solely for humanitarian purposes . The deployment ' s primary purpose must be training of U . S . forces , readiness exercises or military operations . In describing the deployments which HCA accompanies , DoD states that HCA activities are now being described as " a key tool in the War on Terrorism . " { http : / / www . dsca . mil / programs / HA / 2011 / FY09 % 20HCA - HMA % 20Report % 20to % 20Congress . pdf } According to DoD , HCA activities The Humanitarian Mine Action ( HMA ) program falls within the HCA programs authorized by Section 401 of Title 10 , U . S . Code . The HMA program trains host nations in clearing landmines and other explosive remnants of war , while also providing U . S . military personnel with training and readiness - enhancing experiences by giving them " access to geographical areas otherwise not easily available to US forces . " The program is directly supervised by the geographic combatant commanders . The budget for Humanitarian Civic Assistance projects is presented in a yearly Defense Department report . The amounts indicate " incidental expenses " — the cost of materials , supplies , and some services . The funding listed below does not include costs for transportation , personnel , fuel , or the repair of equipment . Expenses reported as HCA are only those components of a deployment which are directly related to the project at hand . Thus the dollar amounts categorized as " HCA " are very small when compared with the activity ' s actual expense .
William W . Cooke William Winer Cooke ( May 29 , 1846 – June 25 , 1876 ) was a military officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and the Black Hills War . He was the adjutant for George Armstrong Custer and was killed during the Battle of the Little Bighorn . Overview . Cooke was born in Mount Pleasant , Brant County , Ontario , to Alexander and Angeline Cooke . He attended the Brantford Collegiate School and the Central School in Hamilton , Ontario . At the age of 14 , he moved to Buffalo , New York , to continue his studies . After graduating from school , he enlisted in 1863 with the 24th New York Cavalry at Niagara Falls , New York , during the Civil War . After serving as a recruiting officer , he served on the front lines in the IX Corps , commanded by Ambrose Burnside . He was wounded during the Siege of Petersburg . After being released from the hospital , he served on commissary duty . He rose to first lieutenant on December 14 , 1864 , but did not return to front - line duty until March 1865 . He was awarded brevet promotions to captain , major , and lieutenant colonel for his meritorious service during the war , the last his actions at the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek during the Appomattox Campaign . After the war , he immediately joined the 1st New York Provisional Cavalry and applied for a Regular Army commission . He was made a second lieutenant in the U . S . 7th Cavalry Regiment in July 1866 , and was promoted to first lieutenant a year later at Fort Harker in Kansas . In 1868 , he participated in the Washita Campaign . In 1871 , he became the regimental adjutant under Lt . Col . George Armstrong Custer . Cooke became close friends with Thomas Custer and was a member of the so - called " Custer Clan " or " Custer Gang " , a close - knit group of Custer ' s friends and relatives . He was an excellent shot and one of the fastest runners of the regiment . Some of his troopers took a dislike to him and called him " The Queen ' s Own " . He was known for his dundrearies , or long side whiskers , that he always wore . Little Big Horn . Cooke was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn . His body was found close to his commander . He was the author of the famous " last message " to Frederick Benteen , carried by Sergeant John Martin , that read : " Cooke . . . was scalped twice - - the second scalp being one of his prodigiously long flowing sidewhiskers . . . " - Connell , " Son of the Morning Star " Cooke was initially interred on the battlefield . A memorial slab marks the approximate spot where he fell . In June 1877 , he was reburied in the Little Bighorn National Cemetery . In August of that year , his family had the remains disinterred again and reburied in the family ' s plot in the Hamilton Cemetery in Hamilton , Ontario . The Grand Army of the Republic Post 472 " W . W . Cooke " in Hamilton is named in Cooke ' s memory and honor .
Giussano - class cruiser The Di Giussano class light cruiser s were built before World War II for the Italian Regia Marina , to gain predominance in the Mediterranean Sea . They were designed by general Giuseppe Vian and were named after military commanders of the Italian Mediaeval and Renaissance periods . Between the two World Wars , the world powers started a rush to gain the supremacy on the seas . In 1926 , France started to produce the " Le Fantasque " class of destroyers , which were superior in displacement and firepower to the destroyers of that period . In order to counter the French menace , Regia Marina decided to produce a new class of cruiser that would be of intermediate size between the new French destroyer class and the cruisers built in that period . In fact , they roughly equated to the British " Leander " class cruisers . There were 4 ships , all laid down in 1928 : They were fast ships with good firepower . Speed was the major design criterion and this resulted in minimal protection over critical areas and underwater protection was almost completely lacking . As a result , all 4 ships were sunk by torpedoes :
4th Ranger Infantry Company ( United States ) The 4th Ranger Infantry Company ( Airborne ) was an airborne - trained infantry unit that was part of the United States Army during the Korean War . The 4th Rangers were created as a result of the actions of North Korean Special Forces units such as the KPA ' s 766th Independent Infantry Regiment that were overrunning Republic of Korea Army ( ROK ) and United Nations ( UN ) units . North Korean special units that were trained in the art of unconventional warfare were beating the ROK and UN units that were stationed in South Korea , pushing them back towards the Pusan Perimeter . With the creation of the Eighth Army Ranger Company on August 24 , 1950 , the US Army established the first of fifteen airborne - qualified Ranger companies . On October 28 , 1950 , the next four Ranger companies were formed . The soldiers that formed these companies came from a number of units . Those that were drawn from the 82nd Airborne Division ' s 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment and 80th Anti - Aircraft Artillery Battalion were used to form the 4th Ranger Infantry Company before it was redesigned the 2nd Ranger Infantry Company ( Airborne ) . The reastablished 4th Ranger company was resupplied with rangers from the 3rd Ranger Company ( which was a training company at the time ) . The 2nd and 4th Ranger companies deployed from the United States to Korea on December 9 , 1950 . When deployed to Korea the 4th Rangers were assigned to both the Headquarters of the Eighth United States Army and the 1st Cavalry Division . In February 1951 the 4th Rangers , along with the 2nd Ranger Company , were assigned to the 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team . The unit remained a part of the 187th RCT until April 4 , 1951 .
520th Air Defense Group The 520th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the 4706th Air Defense Wing at Truax Field , Wisconsin , where it was inactivated in 1955 . The group was originally activated as a support unit for the 340th Bombardment Group at the end of World War II in Italy and then redeployed to the United States where it was inactivated in 1945 . The group was activated once again in 1953 , when ADC established it as the headquarters for a dispersed fighter - interceptor squadron and the medical , maintenance , and administrative squadrons supporting it . It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission , equipment , and personnel to the 327th Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II . History . World War II . The group was first activated during World War II in Italy in late 1944 as the 520th Air Service Group as part of a reorganization of Army Air Forces ( AAF ) support groups in which the AAF replaced Service Groups that included personnel from other branches of the Army and supported two combat groups with Air Service Groups including only Air Corps units . Designed to support a single combat group . Its 946th Air Engineering Squadron provided maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group , its 770th Air Materiel Squadron handled all supply matters , and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron provided other support . The group supported the 340th Bombardment Group in Italy . The group returned to the US and was inactivated in late 1945 . It was disbanded in 1948 . Cold War . During the Cold War , the group was reconstituted , redesignated as the 520th Air Defense Group , and activated at Truax Field in 1953 with responsibility for air defense of the Great Lakes area . It was assigned the 432d Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) and 433d FIS , which were already stationed at Truax Field , as its operational components . The 432d FIS was flying North American F - 86 Sabre s , while the 433d FIS was flying Northrop F - 89 Scorpion s equipped with airborne intercept radar . Both squadrons had been assigned directly to the 31st Air Division . The group also replaced the 78th Air Base Squadron as the USAF host unit for Truax Field . It was assigned three squadron s to perform its support responsibilities . In March 1953 , the 432d FIS converted to a later radar equipped and HVAR rocket armed model of the " Sabre " . In July 1954 , the 433d FIS moved to Alaska and was reassigned . The following month , the 456 FIS was activated to replace the 433d FIS . The 456th FIS was also equipped with " Sabres " . The group was inactivated and replaced by the 327th Fighter Group ( Air Defense ) as part of Air Defense Command ' s Project Arrow , which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars . The group was disbanded once again in 1984 . Lineage . Components . Operational Squadrons Support Units References . Bibliography . Further Reading
Athenian military The Athenian military was the military force of Athens , one of the major city - states ( " poleis " ) of Ancient Greece . It was largely similar to other armies of the region . Forces . Infantry . The mainstay of the Athenian army , like practically all Greek armies , was the heavy armed infantry soldier , the hoplite . Along with every hoplite went an attendant , a lightly armed man , either a poor citizen who could not afford a regular suit of armor ( " panoplia " ) , or possibly a trusted slave . These attendants carried the hoplite ' s shield ( " aspis " ) until the battle , and most of the baggage . They were armed with javelins , and sometimes slings and bows . They acted as skirmishers before the pitched battle , and were assigned to guarding the camp during the actual fight . When the fight was done they did their best to cover the retreat or slaughter the fleeing foes if their own hoplites were victorious . During and after the Peloponnesian Wars , the use and importance of light troops increased , with the introduction of the peltasts : lightly armoured , if at all , and armed with javelins and a shield the " pelte " . Their effectiveness in battle , even against the best - trained heavy hoplites , was demonstrated by the Athenian general Iphicrates , who annihilated an entire Spartan " mora " with his peltasts . Cavalry . The cavalry corps was composed mostly of the wealthier citizens , who could raise and equip their own war horse . Greek riders had no saddle s and no stirrups . Navy . Athens , a civilization facing the sea , had a large contingent of warships . The main vessels were called triremes . With these boats Athens got its hegemony over the rest of " Hellas " and the greatest moment of the polis . Among those triremes was Salaminia .
USNS Concord ( T - AFS - 5 ) USNS " Concord " ( T - AFS - 5 ) became the first of five United States Navy " Mars " class combat stores ship s to be transferred to Military Sealift Command . The transfer was completed on October 15 , 1992 . It was followed by USS " Mars " , " San Diego " , " San Jose " and " Niagara Falls " . " Concord " was assigned to the Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force ( PM1 ) , MSC Far East , and served until being stricken on August 18 , 2009 . " Concord " was sunk at 4 : 12 p . m . ( UTC - 10 ) on July 17 , 2012 as part of the SINKEX portion of Rim of the Pacific naval exercises . It was struck by a Mark 48 torpedo fired from HMCS Victoria and settled in water 15 , 390 feet deep , 61 miles from the coast of Kauai , Hawaii .
25 mm Hotchkiss anti - tank gun The 25 mm Hotchkiss anti - tank gun was a French anti - tank gun that saw service in the first years of the Second World War . Development . By the early 1920s the French Army had come to the realization that the armour - piercing capability of the 37 mm TRP infantry gun would be insufficient against modern tanks . In 1926 Hotchkiss proposed a 25 mm in - house design that was eventually accepted for service in 1934 , under the designation canon de 25 mm semi - automatique modèle 1934 ( generally shortened to " canon de 25 " ) . At the outbreak of World War II , it was the main anti - tank weapon of the French infantry . Foreign use . When it landed in France in 1939 the British Expeditionary Force had insufficient numbers of anti - tank weapons such as the Ordnance QF 2 pounder . They were issued " canons de 25 " which became known as Anti - Tank Gun , 25 mm . Hotchkiss , Mark I on 25 mm . Carriage , Mark I in British service . Examples captured by the German forces were operationally used under the designation 2 , 5 cm Pak 113 ( f ) . Some captured guns also made it into Italian service in North Africa as alternatives to the Solothurn S - 18 / 1000 , under the designation cannone da 25 / 72 . Finland purchased 50 French 25 mm M / 37 antitank guns during Winter War , but only 40 of them were delivered in February 1940 through Norway . The remaining ten guns were captured by the Germans when they invaded Norway in spring of 1940 . About half of the guns , which had arrived during Winter War saw frontline service during it and three of them were lost in battle . During Interim Peace the Germans sold 200 captured guns to Finland . 133 of them were model M / 34 and 67 were model M / 37 , and they were designated 25 PstK / 34 and 25 PstK / 37 , respectively . They were withdrawn from front - line use by 1943 . In 1935 the Hotchkiss 25 mm anti - tank gun was purchased for evaluation by the US Army .
RAF South Ruislip RAF South Ruislip , also known as South Ruislip Air Station , was a non - flying Air Force station located in South Ruislip near London , England . Located close to RAF Northolt , the station was used by the United States Air Force ' s Third Air Force from 1949 until 1972 , when the headquarters were moved to RAF Mildenhall . History . The station opened in April 1949 and was leased by the United States Air Force as an administrative station to coordinate Third Air Force ( USAFE ) and 7th Air Division activities in Great Britain with the British Government . The site was leased from the Ministry of Defence . Logistical and support functions were located at RAF West Ruislip , leased by the US Navy from the Ministry of Defence . All flying support was located at RAF Northolt that was supported by Detachment 1 , 66th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing and later by Detachment 1 , 20th Tactical Fighter Wing . The site included the 7520th U . S . Air Force Hospital . A school for the children of American service personnel was established at RAF Eastcote in the 1950s , later joined by other welfare facilities . The total number of staff employed at the station had reached 1 , 733 , including 487 British civilians , and the remainder made up of US Air Force personnel and civilians . Closure . In 1972 the Third Air Force moved operations from the station to RAF Mildenhall . The buildings that had formed the main part of the base on Victoria Road stood empty until they were demolished in 1995 , but were briefly used by the BBC as a filming location for the final series of the popular television police drama " Z Cars " in 1977 and 1978 .
John Heth John Heth ( 1798 – April 30 , 1842 ) , of Black Heath in Chesterfield County , Virginia , was the son of Colonel Henry " Harry " Heth , who had emigrated from England in 1759 , and established himself in the coal business in the Virginia Colony . John Heth served in the volunteer forces of Virginia as an officer in the U . S . Navy in the War of 1812 . On January 15 , 1815 , he was captured with Commodore Stephen Decatur Jr . , the commander of the U . S . frigate " President " , and taken to Bermuda with Decatur and his crew as a prisoner of war . With two others , Captain Heth escaped from Bermuda in an open boat . Captain Heth married Margaret L . Pickett ( 1801 - 1850 ) of Richmond , Virginia on May 15 , 1822 . They became the parents of future Confederate Major General Henry Heth , who was born at Black Heath in 1825 . Near his home , John Heth operated the Black Heath coal pit near present - day Midlothian , a business inherited from his father , who died in 1822 . Ten years later , in 1832 , he petitioned the Virginia General Assembly to form the first coal mining corporation , and succeeded despite protests , the following year . After two serious fatal accidents from explosions in 1839 and 1844 , the Black Heath pits were closed until 1938 . John Heth died in Powhatan County , Virginia in 1842 .
Tony Cucolo Anthony " Tony " Cucolo is a United States Army Major General . MG Cucolo was the Commanding General 3rd Infantry Division and Fort Stewart / Hunter Army Airfield , Georgia . Military career . Major General Tony Cucolo was commissioned a Second Lieutenant of infantry in 1979 serving 16 of the past 29 years in infantry and armor divisions . He commanded two companies and was an operations officer at both the battalion and brigade level . He commanded an Infantry battalion in Germany and deployed his unit as a combined arms task force for the first eleven months of the Balkans NATO Implementation Force ( IFOR ) in the contested area of Brčko , Bosnia . Cucolo also commanded 3rd Brigade , 3rd Infantry Division , and was the Assistant Division Commander for the 10th Mountain Division , Fort Drum , New York . While in this capacity , he deployed to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom and served as Deputy Commanding General , CJTF - 180 , during the 10th Mountain Division ' s service there in 2003 - 2004 . Cucolo ' s other Joint assignments include duty with the Joint Staff at the Pentagon from July 2001 to July 2003 , with service in the Strategy and Policy Directorate ( J5 ) , Chief of the Future Operations Group in the Operations Directorate ( J3 ) immediately after 9 / 11 , and then Chief of European and NATO Policy , J5 . His most recent joint assignment was as Director , Joint Center for Operational Analysis , US Joint Forces Command , from September 2004 through May 2006 . In that time , Cucolo deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan multiple times , embedding in joint operational headquarters there , as well as duty with JTF - Katrina to develop the lessons learned from civil support operations in the U . S . Gulf Coast region . Cucolo ' s next assignment was a two year tour in the Pentagon as the Chief of Public Affairs for the United States Army . On 14 July 2008 , Cucolo took over command of the 3rd Infantry Division , leading them to their fourth deployment to Iraq . On 15 April 2011 , after 33 months as the Division Commander , Cucolo passed command of the 3rd Infantry Division to Robert B . “ Abe ” Abrams . In June 2012 Cucolo assumed command of the Army War College at Carlisle Barracks Pennsylvania . Personal life . During Cucolo ' s deployment to Iraq he was among many high - ranking officers who has become the target of several impersonators . This included many fake social networking and dating service accounts . The victims were initially contacted on Skype and then lured to the fraudulent accounts .