naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Irvine ( Pennsylvania ) James Irvine ( August 4 , 1735 – April 28 , 1819 ) was a Pennsylvania soldier and politician of the Colonial , Revolutionary , and Post - Revolutionary periods . He was an officer of the Continental Army , a member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly , and Vice - President of Pennsylvania ( a position comparable to Lieutenant Governor ) . Early life . James Irvine was born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the son of George Irvine and Mary Rush . George Irvine had immigrated to the Colonies from Ireland . Military career . As a young man Irvine worked as a hatter , but in 1760 he enrolled in Samuel Atlee ' s provincial Pennsylvania unit and served in the French and Indian War . He spent most of his time along Pennsylvania ' s northern frontier . In 1763 he was promoted to captain . The following year , during Pontiac ' s Rebellion , he served with Henry Bouquet ' s expedition into the Ohio Country . In the fall of 1775 Irvine was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the 1st Pennsylvania Battalion of the Continental Army . He served in Virginia and Canada , and was promoted to colonel in Pennsylvania ' s 9th Regiment in late 1776 ; he was then given command of the 2nd Regiment . Irvine resigned , believing that he should have been promoted to general . However , a few months later he was commissioned a brigadier general in the Pennsylvania militia . After returning to the battlefield Irvine was captured by the British in a skirmish at Chestnut Hill , near Philadelphia , on December 5 , 1777 . He suffered neck injuries and lost three of the fingers on his left hand in the fight . He was held prisoner by the British for nearly four years , first in New York and then in Flushing . He was released June 1 , 1781 . He was active in planning the defense of Philadelphia against suspected British attack . After the war , he held the rank of major general in the Pennsylvania militia from 1782 to 1793 . Political career . Irvine served on the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , from 1782 to 1785 , representing the City of Philadelphia . His party affiliation was Constitutionalist . On November 6 , 1784 he defeated John Neville in the election for the Vice - Presidency of Pennsylvania , a position analogous to the modern office of Lieutenant Governor . He resigned the office on October 10 , 1785 and was succeeded by Charles Biddle . No reason for his resignation appears in the Minutes of the Executive Council . Irvine served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly during the 1785 – 1786 term . In 1786 the Constitutionalist party lost much of its support and Irvine ’ s political career suffered . He did , however , serve in the State Senate from 1795 to 1799 . As Vice - President Irvine served as an " ex officio " member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania , and continued as an elected Trustee after leaving office , serving until 1791 . He was also an original Trustee of Dickinson College in Carlisle , Pennsylvania , and was considered to be a firm supporter of education . Death . James Irvine died in Philadelphia on April 28 , 1819 , following a long illness .
19th Light Brigade ( United Kingdom ) 19th Light Brigade was a formation of the regular British Army . It fought in World War I and World War II . The brigade became 19 Light Brigade in 2005 , and moved to Northern Ireland following the end of Operation Banner and " normalisation " of British military operations in the province . History . World War I . The 19th Infantry Brigade crossed to France as an independent brigade and saw action on the Western Front including the Battle of Mons in August 1914 . World War II . The Brigade was a regular British Army formation at the beginning of World War II . It had been raised in 1938 for Internal Security in Palestine , and appears to have joined the 7th Infantry Division on its reformation in September – October 1938 . On 3 September 1939 it was converted to HQ Jerusalem Area to avoid confusion with an Indian Army brigade with the same number . Post - 1945 . In the 1980s , the Brigade was part of Eastern District and head quartered at Colchester as part of 3rd Armoured Division . The third part of the division , it would have had to cross the Channel to join the rest of the division , stationed with the British Army of the Rhine in Germany . Following the disbandment of the 3rd Armoured Division following the end of the Cold War , the brigade joined the new 3rd Mechanised Division , and moved to Catterick Garrison in Yorkshire in April 1993 . As part of the Delivering Security in a Changing World review in 2003 it was announced that the brigade was to become a ' Light ' formation . The brigade became 19 Light Brigade as of 1 January 2005 , and moved to Northern Ireland following the end of Operation Banner and " normalisation " of British military operations in the province . The Brigade deployed on Operation Herrick 10 in April 2009 to replace 3 Commando Brigade where it played a prominent role in Operation Panther ' s Claw and returned to the UK in October 2009 . The Brigade suffered over 70 casualties during operations in Afghanistan . Secretary of Defence Liam Fox announced on 18 July 2011 that it will be disbanded in March 2013 . Brigade Commanders . Recent commanders have included :
Yakov Zhilinskiy Yakov Zhilinski ( March 15 , 1853 – 1918 ) was Chief of Staff of the Imperial Russian Army prior to World War I and thereafter as a field commander until he was relieved of command in 1914 . Biography . Zhilinsky was born into a family of minor nobility from Mikhaylov , Ryazan Oblast . He graduated from the Nicholas Cavalry School in St . Petersburg in 1876 , and was assigned to the Horse Guards Regiment of the Imperial Guard as a cornet . In 1883 , he graduated from General Staff Academy , and after serving as a senior aide to the staff of the 1st Grenadier Division , he served from February 14 , 1894 on the Military Scientific Committee of the General Staff , a military intelligence organization responsible for the study of foreign countries . During the Spanish - American War Zhilinsky was Russian military observer at the general headquarters of the United States forces in Cuba . On his return , he published a book on the war , which analyzed the causes of the defeat of the Spanish Army . In 1899 , Zhilinsky served as a member of Russian delegation at the Hague Peace Conference . He was appointed commander of the 52nd Dragoons Regiment from August 1899 . In 1900 , he was promoted to the rank of major general . In the Russo - Japanese War ( 1904 – 1905 ) , Zhilinsky was Chief of Staff to the Viceroy of the Far East , Admiral Yevgeni Alexeyev , until Alexeyev was dismissed in October 1904 . He remained in the combat zone to serve the Minister of War , Aleksey Kuropatkin until the end of the conflict . From January 27 , 1906 he was commander of the 14th cavalry Division , and from July 7 , 1907 of the 10th Army Corps . Promoted to Cavalry general on April 18 , 1910 , he served as Chief of the Russian General Staff from February 22 , 1911 to March 4 , 1914 . At the beginning of World War I , Zhilinsky was appointed commander of the Warsaw Military District , Governors - General of Warsaw , and commander of the Northwestern Front . The Northwestern Front included the 1st Army and 2nd Army . After the unsuccessful East Prussian Campaign he was relieved of command and sent as a military representative to France from 1915 - 1916 . He was recalled to Russia in the autumn of 1916 . On September 19 , 1917 , he was ordered to retire . After the October Revolution , he attempted to flee Russia , but was captured and executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918 .
ADGZ The Steyr ADGZ was originally developed as a heavy armored car for the Austrian army ( its designation was " M35 Mittlere Panzerwagen " ) from 1934 and delivered from 1935 - 37 . History . The Austrian army was using the ADGZ armored car at the time of Anschluss . 12 were used by the army and 15 were used by the police . The Germans used them for police work and some were taken on by the SS and used on the Eastern front and in the Balkans . The SS ordered an additional 25 ADGZ which were delivered in 1942 . An interesting feature of this vehicle was that there was no " rear : " either end was capable of driving the unit . As part of the initial operations of the Invasion of Poland , the SS Heimwehr Danzig used three ADGZ armored cars during the attack on the Polish Post Office in Danzig , and lost one during the battle . After the invasion of the USSR a few ADGZ armored cars were rearmed with turrets from the Soviet T - 26 model 1933 light tank .
Operation Zipper During World War II , Operation Zipper was a British plan to capture either Port Swettenham or Port Dickson , Malaya as staging areas for the recapture of Singapore . However , due to the end of the war in the Pacific , it was never fully executed . Some of the proposed landings on Penang went ahead as planned to probe Japanese intentions , encountering no resistance . The planned deception for this attack was called Operation Slippery , whilst a small Special Operations Executive team led by Tun Ibrahim Ismail which landed in October 1944 managed to convince the Japanese that the landings were to be on the Isthmus of Kra , 650 miles to the north . Operation Tiderace was instead put into action following the surrender of Japan . The Allied fleet departed Rangoon on 27 August 1945 , as part of Vice Admiral Harold Walker ' s force . The fleet sailing for Penang was designated ' Task Force 11 ' , and consisted of the battleship HMS " Nelson " , escort carriers HMS " Attacker " & HMS " Hunter " , light cruiser HMS " Ceylon " , destroyers HMS " Paladin " & HMS " Petard " and two Landing Ship , Infantry . < ref name = " JAPANESE SIGN THE SURRENDER OF PENANG ABOARD HMS NELSON ( 3 / 9 / 1945 ) " > < / ref > They arrived in Penang on 28 August . HMS " Nelson " was the flagship of the fleet , and the articles of surrender were signed aboard the battleship on 2 September . With the Japanese surrender , troops of the 25th Indian Division deployed to Malaya , Walker ' s fleet then sailed to Singapore to join up with the main convoy . References . Bibliography
Voronezh Front The Voronezh Front ( ) was a front ( military subdivision ) of the Soviet Union ' s Red Army during the Second World War . The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought , based on the town of Voronezh on the Don River . The Front was established at the end of June 1942 when tank s of the German Wehrmacht ' s 6th Army reached Voronezh during the early stages of Operation Blau . It was a renaming of the earlier Bryansk Front . Voronezh Front participated in the battles of Voronezh , the defensive operations on the approaches to Stalingrad , and in the December 1942 Operation Saturn , the follow - on to the encirclement of German 6th Army at Stalingrad where it destroyed Hungarian Second Army . Following Operation Saturn the Front was involved in Operation " Zvezda " ( Star ) , which included the Third Battle of Kharkov , which resulted in a long - running battle from 2 February to 23 March 1943 , and the reversal of much of the Soviet gains by the Germans . During Zvezda the Front included the 38th , 40th , 60th , and 69th Armies plus the 3rd Tank Army . The 3rd Tank Army was so badly battered by the operation that it was reorganized afterwards as the 57th Army . In the Battle of Kursk in August 1943 , the Front operated on the southern shoulder , during which it commanded the Battle of Prokhorovka on the Soviet side . During Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev , which began on August 3 , 1943 , the Front included 38th , 40th , 27th , 6th Guards , 5th Guards , and 1st and 5th Guards Tank Armies . During this battle both 1st and 5th Guards Tank Armies made their main effort in the 5th Guards Army sector , and succeeded eventually in taking both Belgorod and liberating Kharkov . One of the divisions in 5th Guards Army was the 13th Guards Rifle Division . The Front also fought in the subsequent liberation of eastern Ukraine . Voronezh Front was renamed to become 1st Ukrainian Front on October 20 , 1943 .
1st Maine Volunteer Cavalry Regiment The 1st Maine Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was one of the Maine units used during the American Civil War . History . Organized in Augusta , Maine on October 31 , 1861 for three years . The original members were mustered out on November 25 , 1864 when their service was up , but later recruits , along with members of the 1st District of Columbia Cavalry and those who chose to reenlist , were retained in the regiment until its mustering out at Petersburg , Virginia on August 1 , 1865 . List of Battles . The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part : Middletown < br > Winchester < br > Cedar Mountain < br > 2nd Bull Run < br > South Mountain < br > Antietam < br > Fredericksburg < br > Rappahannock Station < br > Brandy Station < br > Aldie < br > Middleburg < br > Upperville < br > Gettysburg < br > Shepardstown < br > Sulphur Springs < br > Mine Run < br > Fortification of Richmond < br > Old Church < br > Todd ' s Tavern < br > Ground Squirrel Bridge ( called Church in ) < br > Hawe ' s Shop < br > Cold Harbor < br > Trevillian Station < br > St Mary ' s Church < br > Deep Bottom < br > Ream ' s Station < br > Wyatt ' s Farm < br > Boydton Road < br > Bellefield
No . 312 ( Czechoslovak ) Squadron RAF No . 312 Squadron RAF was a Czechoslovak - manned fighter squadron of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War . It was first formed at Duxford in July 1940 , equipped with Hurricane I fighters and crewed mostly by escaped Czechoslovak pilots . Its first victory was a Junkers Ju 88 above Liverpool by Alois Vašátko , Denys Gillam and Josef Stehlík on 8 October 1940 . During April and early May , 1941 , the squadron was briefly stationed at RAF Jurby , Isle of Man . No . 312 Squadron transitioned to Hurricane IIs in May 1941 , and to Spitfires in October . It operated the Spitfires from the west of England during 1942 mainly operating coastal patrols and shipping reconnaissance flights . In September 1943 it joined the 2nd Tactical Air Force as a fighter - bomber unit with the Spitfire IX . The squadron operated over France softening up targets in preparation for the invasion and then supporting the landings . In July 1944 the squadron moved to RAF Coltishall and operated daytime bomber escort flight over continental Europe . Following the end of the war the squadron moved to Prague in August 1945 before being disbanded on transfer to the Czechoslovak air force in February 1946 . Among other major operations , it flew in cover of the Operation Jubilee raid on Dieppe in 1942 , losing one aircraft . Seven Spitfire FMk . IXs survive today that flew with the squadron in 1944 - 45 . This is by far the largest number of surviving aircraft associated with a single squadron . Aircraft operated . Aircraft of this squadron used a unit code letters DU . External links . < br >
Arthur Farquhar Admiral Sir Arthur Farquhar KCB ( 9 January 1815 – 29 January 1908 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . Naval career . Farquhar joined the Royal Navy in 1829 . He took part in the bombardment of Acre during the Oriental Crisis in 1840 . Promoted to Commander in 1844 , Farquhar was given command of HMS " Albatross " in 1846 and fought pirates in Borneo in 1849 . Promoted to Captain in 1849 , he commanded HMS " Malacca " , HMS " Victory " , HMS " Hannibal " , HMS " Hogue " and HMS " Lion " . Farquhar was appointed Commander - in - Chief , Pacific Station in 1869 and Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth in 1878 . He retired in 1880 . There is a memorial to Farquhar in Christ Church , Kincardine O ' Neil . Family . In 1851 Farquhar married Ellen Rickman ; the couple had nine sons and four daughters .
GBU - 27 Paveway III The GBU - 27 Paveway III ( Guided Bomb Unit ) is a laser - guided bomb with bunker buster capabilities , it is a GBU - 24 Paveway III ( fitted on the warhead of the Mark 84 bomb ) that has been redesigned to be used by the F - 117A Nighthawk stealth ground attack aircraft . The pilots flying over Iraq during the first gulf war nicknamed it the " Hammer " , for its considerable destructive power and blast radius . Combat history . The GBU - 27 was used in Operation Desert Storm . It was the weapon used in the February 13 , 1991 attack on the Amiriyah shelter , which resulted in the deaths of more than 400 Iraqi civilians . It was also used in a series of strikes on the Muthanna State Enterprise site during February 1991 , which the U . S . military falsely identified as the heart of the Iraqi chemical weapons production infrastructure . The first foreign sale of the GBU - 27 was the acquisition by Israel of 500 units equipped with BLU - 109 penetrating warheads , authorized in September 2004 . ( Raas and Long 2006 ) Delivery of such precision guided weaponry was accelerated at the request of Israel in July 2006 , though the exact munition were not specified . Israeli Defense Forces officials state that other precision - guided munition s have been used to attack Hezbollah facilities in the 2006 Israel - Lebanon conflict . However , the bunker busting technology in the GBU - 27 could be directed , according Israeli military sources , at Iran or possibly Syria . As of 2011 the UK ' s RAF have also ordered the GBU - 27 for use in Libya .
172nd ( 2 / 1st South Lancashire ) Brigade 172nd ( 2nd / 1st South Lancashire ) Brigade ( 172 Bde ) was a 2nd - Line infantry formation of the British Territorial Force raised during World War I that served on the Western Front . The brigade ' s number was also used for deception purposes during World War II . Origin . On 31 August 1914 the War Office authorised the formation of a reserve or 2nd - Line unit for each Territorial Force ( TF ) unit that was proceeding on overseas service . The 2nd / 1st South Lancashirel Brigade came into existence in November 1914 , composed of 2nd - Line duplicates of the battalions of the peacetime South Lancashire Brigade that were due to be sent overseas . The brigade was part of 2nd West Lancashire Division . In August 1915 these formations were assigned numbers , becoming 172nd ( 2nd / 1st South Lancashire ) Brigade and 57th ( 2nd West Lancashire ) Division respectively . Order of Battle . The following units served in 172 Bde during World War I : Commanders . The following officers commanded 172 Bde during World War I : History . The formations and units of 57th Division concentrated around Canterbury in early 1915 as part of Second Army , Central Force . Training was hampered by lack of equipment : the infantry trained on obsolete . 256 - inch Japanese rifles until . 303 - inch service rifles ( many in poor condition ) arrived in November 1915 . In July 1916 , 57th Division was transferred to the Emergency Reserves in the Aldershot area where it continued training . 172 Brigade was initially at Mytchett and later at Blackdown . On 5 January 1917 the division was ready for overseas service , and between 7 and 22 February its units and formations crossed to France and disembarked at Le Havre . On 25 February it took over a section of the Front Line under the command of II ANZAC Corps . 172 Brigade served on the Western Front for the rest of the war , taking part in the following operations : On 1 November 1918 172 Bde went into billets at Lille , and was still resting when the Armistice with Germany was signed . For the rest of 1918 its units were involved in clearing and evacuating stores from the Arras area . Demobilisation began in January 1919 and units were steadily reduced to cadres . The last cadres of 57th Division left France in July 1919 , completing the disbandment of 172 Bde . World War II . 172 Brigade was never reformed , but the number was used for deception purposes during World War II . During November and December 1943 , 30th Battalion Green Howards , a line of communication unit serving in 42nd Brigade in North Africa and composed mainly of men below Medical Category ' A ' , was redesignated ' 172nd Infantry Brigade ' and acted as if it were a full brigade . It was succeeded in this role by 30th Battalion Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment from December 1943 until June 1944 .
Siege of Kagoshima The 1587 siege of Kagoshima took place during Japan ' s Sengoku period , and was the last stand of the Shimazu family against the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi . This was the final battle in Hideyoshi ' s campaign to take Kyūshū . Following the Shimazu defeat at Sendaigawa , the Shimazu then retreated to their home castle of Kagoshima . Hideyoshi ' s forces numbering roughly 60 , 000 , then made a landing , having set off from Akune . Under the leadership of Hashiba Hidenaga , Fukushima Masanori , Katō Kiyomasa and Kuroda Yoshitaka , they then surrounded the city . The land - based divisions , which were not on the boats from Akune , had traversed the volcanic valleys defending the city with the help of local monks . In the end , however , no fighting took place , as the Shimazu surrendered .
2nd Marine Infantry Regiment The 2nd Marine Infantry Regiment ( ) , part of the Troupes de marine , is one of the oldest marine units in the French Army . It is the only French Army unit to carry 15 names on its battle flag and the inscription " AFN 1952 – 1962 " . Established in 1831 , along with the1st , 3rd and 4th Marine Infantry Regiments ( disbanded in 1998 ) , the 2nd is one of four " old " regiments of naval infantry troops . Throughout its history the regiment has served in many conflicts , mainly in an expeditionary role outside France , although of it has been called upon to fight in France on a number of occasions . The first time came during the Franco - Prussian War , when the regiment had the distinction of serving in the famous Blue Division alongside the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment . Later , the regiment served in France during both the First and Second World Wars . Recent operations have seen the regiment deploy to Afghanistan , and to Mali as part of Opération Serval . Campaign Pacification Second Empire . Between the two world wars . In 1930 , 2nd Colonial Infantry Regiment is stationed at Brest . In 1939 , Tripoli in Greater Syria ( now in Lebanon ) . World War II . 1940 1942 1943 ( Battle of Takrouna ) 1943 , of Italy 1944 ( Battle of Pontecorvo ) 1944 and then France ( Toulon and Colmar ) . 1945 Motto . " Fidelitate and honors , and terra mare " . " Loyalty and honor on land and sea " . Battles inscribed on the flag . It bears , stitched in gold letters in its folds , the following inscriptions : Feat of arms inscribed in black are those removed from the flag , the maximum number which may appear to be limited . The flag of the 2e RIMa is bringing the largest number of names Manufactured arms of the French army " of 15 names feat of arms " and the AFN registration . Decorations . The staff of the regiment are allowed to wear : The regiment retains the traditions of a brigade of the 1st Free French Division ( DFL ) . Its flag is decorated with the Cross of the Legion of Honor , the cross of the release of Cross of War 1914 – 1918 with four flippers , the Croix de Guerre 1939 – 1945 with two palms and the War Cross for TOE with a palm and the Regiment was made Companion of the Liberation . The flag of the regiment received its silk on December 5 , 2004 the name " AFN from 1952 to 1962 " ( " North Africa 1952 – 1962 " ) . Traditions . ' s Day naval troops : , And the Name of God , long live the colonial Subordinations . The regiment was subordinated to the 9th Marine Light Armored Brigade itself part of the action force on earth . Composition . The " 2 " is composed of :