naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Henry Christopher McCook Henry Christopher McCook ( July 3 , 1837 – 1911 ) was an American Presbyterian clergyman , naturalist , and prolific author on religion , history , and nature . He was a member of the celebrated Fighting McCooks , a family of Ohio military officers and volunteers during the American Civil War . Biography . McCook was born in New Lisbon , Ohio , to Dr . John McCook . He learned the printing trade as a youth , then taught school for several years . attended Jefferson College . He was a member of the Franklin Literary Society at Jefferson College . After graduation in 1859 , he studied theology privately and in the Western Theological Seminary in Allegheny , Pennsylvania . With the outbreak of the Civil War , he enlisted as a chaplain in the 41st Illinois Infantry as a lieutenant , and helped tend the wounded . As a minister in Clinton , Illinois , St . Louis , and Steubenville , Ohio , McCook became known for his compassion and intellect , and for his leadership in the movement to create Sunday Schools . In 1869 , he became pastor of the Seventh Presbyterian church of Philadelphia , where he lived for the rest of his life . He spent his summers studying the behavior of ants and spiders . He published his observations and discoveries in a number of journals and books , as well as in a series of well - received illustrated children ' s books that explained the insects characteristics and traits in language and drawings for young minds . Many of McCook ' s books used illustrations drawn by Daniel Carter Beard , the founder of the Boy Scouts of America . In the summer of 1877 , he travelled to Texas to study agricultural ants . Two years later , McCook wrote " The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant of Texas " . In 1889 – 93 , he published his most ambitious work , " American Spiders and Their Spinning Work " , in three illustrated volumes . He also wrote a book on his ancestors in the Whiskey Rebellion , and delivered a number of papers on Civil War history at meetings of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States veterans organization . McCook was Vice President of both the American Entomological Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences . In 1880 , Lafayette College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity to McCook . In 1895 , he designed the official flag of the city of Philadelphia . He again served as an Army Chaplain during the Spanish - American War in 1898 .
Strike of the 100 , 000 The Strike of the 100 , 000 ( ) was an 8 - day strike in Belgium which took place from 10 – 18 May 1941 during the German occupation . It was led by Julien Lahaut , head of the Belgian Communist Party . The object of the strike was to demand a wage increase though it was also an act of passive resistance to the German occupation . The strike originated at the Cockerill steel works in the industrial town of Seraing on 10 May 1941 , the first anniversary of the German invasion of Belgium . News spread quickly through the province , and at its height it is estimated that 70 , 000 workers were on strike . In order to end the strike , the Germans were forced to increase wages substantially ( by 8 % ) and the strike finished . The strike officially ended on 18 May . In the aftermath of the strike , the German authorities worried that a repeat could occur , arrested 400 workers in September 1942 who they believed to be planning a similar action . Further important strikes did , however , take place in Belgium in November 1942 and February 1943 . In the aftermath of the strike and the repression of Communists following the invasion of Russia , Julian Lahaut was deported to a concentration camp in Germany . Many other strikers were also incarcerated in the fortress of Huy . A similar strike , inspired by the Strike of the 100 , 000 , took place later the same year in the French province of Pas - de - Calais ( part of the same German administrative area as Belgium ) which was judged by the French newspaper in 2001 to have been one of the most spectacular acts of the French resistance .
French ironclad Formidable The Formidable was an " Amiral Baudin " - class ironclad battleship of the " Marine nationale " ( French Navy ) . In 1890 , " Formidable " was used to experiment captive balloons usage in the Navy . In May 1891 , she became the flagship of the Mediterranean squadron . In 1898 , she was transferred to the Atlantic squadron , based in Brest .
Salt Lake City Radar Bomb Scoring Site The Salt Lake City Radar Bomb Scoring Site ( " Salt Lake Bomb Plot " ) is a Formerly Used Defense Site that was an during the Cold War . Operated by Detachment 6 of the 11th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron which had relocated from the Phoenix semi - mobile RBS station in December 1964 , the military installation evaluated practice bomb runs by Strategic Air Command simulating attacks on the metropolitan area ( e . g . , during the 1955 Bombing and Navigation Competition ) and on the Hill Air Force Range which had been the Salt Lake City Army Air Base Gunnery Range in World War II . Originally part of the Salt Lake City Army Airfield , the site at " Salt Lake City Municipal Airport No . 1 ( now Salt Lake City International Airport ) , on the corner of Second Street and E Street " was leased by the USAF from the Salt Lake City Corporation for the site . Equipment included tracking radar ( " radar bomb scoring device " ) which mistakenly resulted in " a dropping of practice " bomb on one occasion , and the 1960 Salt Lake B - 58 crash occurred while on a bomb run tracked from the site . Det 6 also provided technicians for the first SAC RBS Express train created in 1961 from " existing U . S . Army stock " at the nearby Ogden General Depot ( the Tooele Army Depot ' s " Army Rail Shops " serviced the train . ) Designated FUDS J08UT092700 , in May 2005 the site was part of the Utah Air National Guard installation .
E77 balloon bomb The E77 balloon bomb was a U . S . anti - crop biological munition based on the design of Japanese fire balloon s . The E77 used feathers as a vector to disseminate anti - crop agents from a hydrogen - filled balloon and was first developed in 1950 . Background . In the late stages of World War II , Japan employed thousands of incendiary and antipersonnel weapons via unmanned balloon , using some 9 , 300 of these devices , releasing them into the high altitude jet stream to travel over the Pacific Ocean to the North American mainland . The Japanese use of these balloon munitions inspired the E77 , though no direct connection was made between the two . History . Development of the E77 balloon bomb began in 1950 . The design of the E77 was based on the design for the World War II Japanese bomb and approved by the Army ' s Chemical Corps Technical Committee in April 1951 . At time of its development the E77 represented one - sixth of all U . S . biological munitions efforts . The E77 was designated a " strategic weapon " and readied for deployment but was never used in warfare as subsequent developments in munitions supplanted the E77 , especially the 750 - pound E86 cluster bomb . Specifications . Similar to the Japanese fire balloon on which its design is based , the E77 utilized a hydrogen - filled balloon . Suspended from the balloon envelope was a 32 inch by 24 inch balloon gondola . The E77 was an anti - crop munition , designed to disseminate anti - crop agents , such as wheat stem rust . The balloon bomb employed a dissemination method similar to that of the M115 anti - crop bomb , or " feather bomb " . This dissemination method combined a culture of anti - crop agent with a light - weight vector , in this case : feathers . Tests involving the E77 . At least three separate sets of tests were conducted with the E77 balloon bomb . From October to December 1954 41 E77s were launched at Vernalis , California which demonstrated that the munition met " military characteristics " to create high levels of plant infection on targeted crops . Further testing in 1958 showed that when cereal rust spores were delivered via an oil - based vector ( wet spores ) that they remained viable for longer periods in less than ideal environmental conditions . Subsequent investigations at Fort Detrick and the University of Minnesota came to several positive conclusions about the effectiveness of oils as carriers of the rust spores .
Tennessee Army National Guard The Tennessee Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard . Nationwide , the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army ' s available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization . National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau . Tennessee Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army . The same ran ks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards . The Tennessee Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Tennessee . Current units . Current units include the following : History . Tennessee ' s 45th General Assembly in 1887 established the Tennessee National Guard , as it is known today . State lawmakers set up the basic conditions under which the force would operate . Tennessee was among the first states to offer her full quota of soldiers for the Spanish - American War . The equipped Tennessee Guard units were mobilized . Four regiments were created , but only the 1st and 4th Regiments deployed overseas . In World War I , the 30th Infantry Division was deployed overseas . Tennessee personnel made up the 117th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) , the 114th and 115th Artillery , and the 114th Machine Gun Battalion . When the 30th Infantry Division reorganized on 11 September 1947 it was composed of Guard units from North Carolina and Tennessee . In 1954 it was reorganized as a North ‑ South Carolina division with the Tennessee portion reorganized and redesignated as the 30th Armored Division . The 30th Armored Division was inactivated on 1 December 1973 , with its lineage carried today by the 30th Armored Brigade and the 30th Support Group , TN ARNG . The 194th Engineer Brigade was activated as an entity of the Tennessee Army National Guard on 1 November 1973 . This occurred as a result of the major reorganization of the Tennessee ARNG which deactivated the 30th Armored Division . The numerical designation was derived from a former Engineer unit of the Tennessee Army National Guard , the 194th Engineer Battalion , headquartered in Centerville , Tennessee . 30th Armored Brigade ( Separate ) furled its colors in Jackson , Tennessee in the early 1990s . The colors were passed to the 230th Area Support Group in Dyersburg , TN . The 230th has been deactivated since their return from Camp Arifjan , Kuwait .
Fortress Division Swinemünde Fortress Division Swinemünde was an ad - hoc formation under the command of Baron Hermmann Von Pfel , and organized by Seekommandant Pommern ( Naval Command Pomerania ) in the port of Swinemünde . The division was created in 1945 primarily from German Navy personnel , although some Luftwaffe personnel were used as well . The Heer component of the Swinemünde fortress division was destroyed by the Soviet 5th Guards Army in Lower Silesia near Breslau . The city of Swinemünde was encircled by the Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front , with the 2nd Shock Army attacking from the west and the 19th Army attacking from the east . After the German Navy reported on 28 April 1945 that the port was no longer of any use , the Germans prepared to evacuate their forces . The evacuation , Operation " Knobelbecher " , took place from 1 – 4 May 1945 , and shipped the German troops to Denmark , where they were taken captive by the British Army . Soviet forces occupied the city of Swinemünde during 4 – 5 May 1945 .
Antelope ( ship ) The Antelope was a West Indian packet ship of 204 tons burthen ( bm ) and six guns . The French attacked and captured her on 10 October 1782 . They took her into into Nantes , from where Captain William Kempthorne re - purchased her on 4 April 1783 , and took her under command . On 1 December 1793 , " Antelope " was sailing without Captain Kempthorne off Cumberland Harbour , Cuba when she sighted two privateers . Obeying orders , " Antelope " headed back to port to avoid trouble , but the next day the wind failed , and one of the privateers , " Atlante " ( of eight 3 - pounder guns ) , was able to come alongside and attack . " Antelope " was armed with six 3 - pounder ( 1 . 4 kg ) guns and manned by a crew of 21 . " Atlante " , a French privateer from Charleston , South Carolina , had a crew of 65 , consisting of Frenchmen , Irishmen , and Americans . During the battle , both of " Antelope " s officers were killed or wounded . Before he fell , the master , Mr . Edward Curtis , turned the two bow guns , double shoted , to cover the bow , and fired them at the first boarding party , killing and wounding some 15 men ; he fell shortly thereafter . Command fell on Boatswain John Pascoe , who then led the crew in repelling the boarding parties . " Antelope " s crew repeatedly threw back the privateers , and eventually cut their grapples . In their resistance , " Antelope " s crew was aided by the fact that she was higher than the " Atlante " , enabling the crew to fire down on the deck of the privateer while being protected . Not content with having repelled the attacks , Pascoe raced up the rigging , lashing the squaresail yard of " Atlante " to " Antelope " s foreshrouds , and continued the battle until " Atlante " surrendered . " Antelope " lost 3 killed and 3 wounded , one mortally . The privateer lost her first captain mortally wounded and second captain wounded , 30 men killed in the action , and 17 wounded ( three mortally ) ; only 16 of her 65 men were unhurt . The victorious " Antelope " put into Annotto Bay , Jamaica with her prize . It turned out that " Atlante " had been out of Charlestown a month , during which time she had taken one prize , a Bermudian brig . Jamaica ' s House of Assembly voted a sum of 500 guineas to the officers and men of " Antelope " . Two hundred guineas went to the widow of Mr . Curtis , the late master . One hundred guineas each went to the first mate , who had been shot through the body during the engagement , and to Mr . Pascoe , the boatswain . The last hundred guineas was divided among the surviving members of the crew . On 19 August 1794 , " Antelope " sailed for North America with thirty men . On 19 September 1794 , she encountered a squadron of French frigate s in a dense fog . Her crew sank the mail and surrendered to " Surveillante " . While a captive of the French , Captain Kempthorne died of yellow fever . The " Antelope " s assessed value when lost was £2750 . 16 . 8d ( plus £34 for her ordnance stores ) .
Italian Co - Belligerent Air Force The Italian Co - Belligerent Air Force ( Aviazione Cobelligerante Italiana , or ACI ) , or Air Force of the South ( Aeronautica del Sud ) , was the air force of the Royalist " Badoglio government " in southern Italy during the last years of World War II . The ACI was formed in southern Italy in October 1943 after the Italian Armistice in September . As by this point the Italians had defected from the Axis and had declared war on Germany , the ACI pilots flew for the Allies . Description . A small part of the Italian Royal Air Force ( " Regia Aeronautica " ) remained under German control . This was known as the National Republican Air Force ( " Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana " , or ANR ) , ostensibly part of the forces of the Benito Mussolini ' s Fascist state in northern Italy , the Italian Social Republic ( " Repubblica Sociale Italiana " ) . The ANR pilots flew with the Axis . By the end of 1943 , 281 Italian warplanes had landed at Allied airfields , but most were no longer useful for combat . The crews of these aircraft were re - equipped with Allied aircraft and engaged in transport , escort , reconnaissance , sea rescue , and limited tactical ground support operations flying 11 , 000 missions from 1943 to 1945 . The ACI never operated over Italian territory , its objectives being always in the Balkans ( Yugoslavia or Albania ) . This was to avoid any possible encounter between Italian - manned aircraft fighting on opposite sides . During the entire history of ICA , no encounter , let alone combat , was ever reported between ACI and ANR aircraft . The ACI formed the basis of the post - war Air Force of the Italian Republic ( " Aeronautica Militare Italiana " ) .
Zhang Xiu ( warlord ) Zhang Xiu ( died 207 ) was a minor warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty . He eventually surrendered to Cao Cao in 200 . Having contributed greatly to the decisive Battle of Guandu and subsequent campaigns against the heirs of Yuan Shao , Zhang Xiu died en route Liucheng ( 柳城 ) on a campaign to conquer the Wuhuan tribe in 207 . Biography . Born in Zuli ( 祖厲 , present day Jingyuan , Gansu ) , Zhang Xiu was a distant nephew of Zhang Ji ( 張濟 ) , who served the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo . After Dong Zhuo ' s death in 192 , his former subjects , including Zhang Ji , waged a coup and took over the capital Chang ' an . For his part in the coup , Zhang Xiu was also promoted to " General who Builds Loyalty " ( 建忠將軍 ) and conferred the title of " Marquis Xuanwei " ( 宣威侯 ) . After Zhang Ji ' s death , Zhang Xiu took over his uncle ' s troops and occupied Wancheng ( 宛城 , present day Nanyang , Henan ) . He allied himself with Liu Biao , governor of Jingzhou ( 荆州 ) and a major warlord of the time . In 197 , Cao Cao began his expansion south . When Cao Cao ' s force came to the Bai River ( 白河 ) , Zhang Xiu promptly surrendered and was allowed to keep control of Wancheng . Cao Cao then took Zhang Ji ' s widow as a concubine , which angered Zhang Xiu . Cao Cao heard of Zhang Xiu ' s displeasure and plotted to kill the latter . However , the plan was leaked and Zhang Xiu waged the surprise attack known as the Battle of Wancheng against Cao Cao . Cao Cao ' s personal bodyguard Dian Wei died defending the front gate to the camp so that Cao Cao could escape through the back . In the hasty retreat , Cao Cao ' s eldest son Cao Ang offered his own horse to his father , whose steed was felled by enemy arrows , and was killed by the pursuers . Henceafter , Cao Cao had sent forces to attack Zhang Xiu for years without success . In 200 , however , Zhang Xiu took the council of advisor Jia Xu and surrendered to Cao Cao again . Leaving past feuds behind them , Cao Cao took Zhang Xiu ' s hands and threw a banquet for him . Cao Cao also proposed a marriage between his son Cao Jun ( 曹均 ) and Zhang Xiu ' s daughter . At that time Cao Cao was fighting against the northern warlord Yuan Shao in the decisive Battle of Guandu . Having performed well during the conflict , Zhang Xiu was soon promoted to " General who Defeats the Qiang " ( 破羌將軍 ) . In 207 , Zhang Xiu died en route Liucheng in a northern campaign against the Wuhuan tribe . He was conferred the posthumous title of " Marquis Ding " ( 定侯 ) , literally meaning " steadfast marquis " .
Black Bands The Black Bands ( ) , sometimes referred to as the Black Bands of Giovanni , was a company of Italian mercenaries formed and commanded by Giovanni de ' Medici during the Italian Wars ; their name came from their black mourning colors for the death of Pope Leo X . Composed primarily of arquebus iers — including Europe ' s first mounted arquebusiers — the company was , by the Italian War of 1521 , considered to be the finest Italian troops available . Initially in the service of Charles de Lannoy and the Pope , the company fought at Bicocca in 1522 and the Sesia in 1523 . A pay dispute led to it transferring its allegiance to Francis I of France ; it took part in the Pavia campaign , but did not participate in the Battle of Pavia itself . At the start of the War of the League of Cognac , the Bands attempted to resist the advance of Georg Frundsberg ' s Imperial landsknechts into Lombardy . Giovanni was killed by a cannonball near Mantua early in 1526 . The company continued to fight in French and Papal pay , taking part in the expedition to Naples under Odet de Foix , Vicomte de Lautrec . It retreated from the siege with the remainder of the French army — crippled by the plague — and surrendered to the Imperial forces in late 1528 , disbanding shortly afterwards .
Turkish army winter Campaign of 1994 – 95 In November 1994 , the Turkish military launched a Winter Campaign in South - Eastern Turkey to cut rebels from the Kurdistan Workers ' Party ( PKK ) , who were active in the region , off from their winter supplies . The Campaign continued until March 20 , 1995 , when the Turkish government launched an offensive into Iraqi Kurdistan to dislodge the PKK from its bases before the spring . According to Turkish sources , 110 Kurdish rebels , 16 members of Turkish security forces and 14 civilians were killed in November , 148 Kurdish rebels , six members of Turkish security forces and three civilians were killed in December , 107 Kurdish rebels and 14 civilians were killed in January , 128 Kurdish rebels , 34 members of Turkish security forces and seven civilians were killed in February and 88 Kurdish rebels and 25 Kurdish rebels were killed in March prior to Operation Steel .
Anti - Aircraft Flak Battle Badge Anti - Aircraft Flak Battle Badge ( ) was a German military award instituted on 10 January 1941 by the Commander in Chief of the Luftwaffe Hermann Göring to commemorate soldiers or servicemen of the Flak Artillery who distinguished themselves in action against enemy aerial or ground attacks . It was worn on the lower part of the left breast pocket of the service tunic , underneath the 1st class Iron Cross if awarded .
Milutin Nedić Milutin Nedić ( 1882 – 1945 ) was a general and Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army prior to the outbreak of World War II . He was replaced in late 1938 , and later commanded the 2nd Army Group during the German - led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II . Nedić ' s command consisted of General Milan Rađenković ' s 1st Army , responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza , and the 2nd Army of General Dragoslav Miljković , responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube . Nedić had no Army Group reserve , but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve of one infantry division deployed south of Brod .
William F . Halsey , Sr . William Frederick Halsey ( April 11 , 1853 – June 11 , 1920 ) was a United States naval officer . He rose to the rank of Captain and was the father of Fleet Admiral William F . Halsey , Jr . 、 William F . Halsey , Ⅲ is a grandson . Halsey was born in New York , New York on April 11 , 1853 . He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Louisiana and entered naval service in September 1869 . Halsey married Anne Masters Brewster and on October 30 , 1882 , his son , William F . Halsey , Jr . was born in Elizabeth , New Jersey . As a lieutenant , Halsey was stationed on the USS " New York " and assumed command of the USS " Newark " in May 1898 . As a commander , Halsey was head of the Department of Seamanship at the United States Naval Academy . He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery . His wife Anne , who died on May 25 , 1947 is buried with him , and his son , who died on August 16 , 1959 is buried beside him .