naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
1st Battle Squadron ( United Kingdom ) The British 1st Battle Squadron was a squadron of battleship s , initially part of the Royal Navy ' s Home Fleet , renamed the Grand Fleet during World War I . The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged , retired or transferred . August 1914 . On 5 August 1914 , the squadron was constituted as follows : Battle of Jutland , June 1916 . As an element in the Grand Fleet , the Squadron participated in the Battle of Jutland . During the Battle of Jutland , the composition of the 1st Battle Squadron was as follows : 1917 and 1918 . Following the Battle of Jutland , the 1st Battle Squadron was reorganized , with " Colossus " , " Hercules " , " St . Vincent " , " Collingwood " and " Neptune " all transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron . In January 1917 , the squadron was constituted as follows : By 1918 , " Agincourt " had been transferred to the 2nd Battle Squadron , and " Resolution " , " Ramillies " and " Iron Duke " had joined the squadron on completion . Second World War . For many years the squadron served in the Mediterranean as the main British battle force there . On 3 September 1939 the 1st Battle Squadron , serving in the Mediterranean Fleet , consisted of " Barham " , " Warspite " , and " Malaya " , with headquarters at Alexandria , Egypt , under the command of Vice - Admiral Geoffrey Layton . In December 1943 the Squadron was under the command of Vice Admiral Arthur Power . In January 1944 the Eastern Fleet was reinforced by HMS " Queen Elizabeth " , HMS " Renown " , HMS " Valiant " , HMS " Illustrious " , HMS " Unicorn " , and seven destroyers . The Admiralty sent this force out to India under the title of the First Battle Squadron . From November 1944 , the squadron served in the British Pacific Fleet under the command of Vice - Admiral Henry Rawlings , who also serviced as Second - in - Command of the Fleet . It consisted of HMS " King George V " , HMS " Howe " , HMS " Duke of York " , and HMS " Anson " at various times .
24th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 24th Army ( German : " 24 . Armee " ) was a World War II field army of the German Army . History . The army was formed in October 1944 and was tasked with the defence of southern Germany . The army was commanded by General der Infanterie Hans Schmidt . Formed on the basis of the staff of the " V . Armeekorps " , between February and April 1945 , the army had no units assigned to it . Part of the Alpenfestung , its immediate task was to stop a possible Allied advance through neutral Switzerland . In April 1945 , the 405th Division was transferred to it from the 19th Army to serve as the nucleus around which the 24th Army was to be built , but the army never had a paper strength of more than 9 , 000 men and capitulated to Allied 6th Corps commander Edward H . Brooks , along with the 19th Army , in May 1945 without having engaged in combat operations .
Louis , Landgrave of Hesse - Philippsthal Louis of Hesse - Philippsthal ( German : " Ludwig von Hessen - Philippsthal " ; 8 October 1766 – 15 February 1816 ) was a German nobleman and a general . He fought for the Kingdom of Naples ( later Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ) . From 1813 until his death , he was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse - Philippsthal . Biography . Louis was born at Philippsthal as the son of Landgrave William and his wife Ulrika Eleonora of Hesse - Philippsthal - Barchfeld . A prince of the family of the Landgraves of Hesse - Philippsthal , he fought for the Kingdom of Naples during the Napoleonic Wars . In the course of the War of the Third Coalition , he commanded the garrison of the fortress of Gaeta in the siege laid by the French in 1806 , refusing to obey the order of the Neapolitan government to surrender it . His troops resisted for six months , until 18 July after Louis , while leading his men on the bastions , was wounded on 10 July and had to leave the fortress . Later , together with colonel Nunziante and lieutenant colonel Bardot , an expedition of 4 , 000 men who , in 1807 , left Sicily to attempt the reconquest of the mainland of Naples . They were however defeated in the Battle of Mileto of 28 May 1807 . After the death of his brother Charles in the siege of Frankfurt in 1793 , Louis succeeded him as hereditary prince of the langraviate of Hesse - Philippsthal . When Louis died childless at Naples in 1816 ( his only son had died in 1802 , aged four ) , the title went to his brother Ernest Constantine . Marriage and issue . Louis married on 21 January 1791 in Susteren to Countess Marie Franziska Berghe of Trips ( 1771 – 1805 ) . His parents were unaware of this marriage and didn ' t recognize when they learned about it . Moreover , he had to resign from the Dutch army , as officers were not allowed to marry Catholics . Marie Franziska had connections , and managed to get her husband a position in the army of the Kingdom of Naples . After his death , she served as Mistress of the Robes at the court of Queen Maria Carolina . Louis and Marie Franziska had two children :
54th Infantry Regiment ( United States ) The 54th Infantry Regiment ( periodically also known as the 54th Armored Infantry Regiment ) is a regiment of the United States Army , first constituted for World War I and existing today as a basic training unit stationed at Fort Benning , Georgia . Lineage / History . The regiment was constituted on 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as the 54th Infantry . It was organized on 16 June 1917 at Chickamauga Park , Georgia . It was assigned on 16 November 1917 to the 6th Infantry Division . Saw service in Meuse - Argonne and Alsace 1918 campaigns . The regiment was then inactivated on 24 October 1922 at Fort Wayne , Michigan . Seemingly while still inactive , it was relieved 24 March 1923 from the 6th Division and assigned to the 7th Division . Relieved 1 October 1940 from assignment to the 7th Division . Redesignated 14 June 1942 as the 54th Armored Infantry . It was then assigned on 15 July 1942 to the 10th Armored Division and activated at Fort Benning , Georgia . Today , 2nd Battalion , 54th Infantry Regiment is a basic training battalion on Sand Hill , Fort Benning , Georgia . It has been the starting place for the training of tens of thousands of United States Army Infantrymen over the past three decades .
DRDC Valcartier DRDC Valcartier is a major Canadian military research station at Canadian Forces Base Valcartier , Quebec , one of nine centres making up Defence Research and Development Canada ( DRDC ) . Originally formed at the end of World War II in 1945 as the Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment ( CARDE ) , the intent was to keep the research teams built up during the war in Canada , as opposed to moving to the United States . Starting in 1951 CARDE implemented a major missile development program , eventually delivering two combat systems , the Velvet Glove air - to - air missile and the Heller anti - tank rocket . Neither was accepted for production , but the basic research was used with local defence contractors to build up familiarity with the new technologies . Starting in 1955 a serious effort to equip Canada with a useful anti - ballistic missile system was undertaken , along with research into the problems of detection and tracking , hypersonic flight , and fuels suitable for use in an interceptor missile . As part of this project a lengthy study of the upper atmosphere was undertaken from instrumented balloons . Another development from this era was the use of gun - fired models for high - speed testing , instead of using a wind tunnel . Led by Gerald Bull , the sabot - based system would go on to be used in Project HARP during the early 1960s . The early portions of the 1960s was taken up developing a series of increasingly powerful high - acceleration solid rocket propellants , and to test them they designed and built a test vehicle that would later become the Black Brant sounding rocket . Due to this research CARDE was later involved in the design of a US - Canada - Mexico meteorological sounding rocket , the Metroc . The ABM research eventually wound down with no working system in place , however the solid fuels developed during the program were widely used for rocketry in various western military systems . CARDE then looked into using the new propellant as the basis for a new motor for existing 2 . 75 - inch air - to - ground rockets . The result was the CRV - 7 rocket , which had roughly twice the speed of the existing US design , and with enough energy to be able to puncture Warsaw Pact aircraft hangars . Production started at Bristol Aerospace in 1974 , and the CRV - 7 has been used by the Canadian and other air forces since that time . In 1969 a re - alignment from pure research to smaller projects directly requested by the Armed Forces took place , along with a change of name to Defence Research Establishment Valcartier ( DREV ) and a general downsizing of the station and its budgets . Since then DREV has undertaken numerous projects in the field of battlefield command and control , detection and monitoring , and various battlefield decoy systems . On April 1 , 2000 , DREV was renamed " Defence R & D Canada – Valcartier " when the overseeing organisation became the Defence Research and Development Canada agency . See also . Other DRDC locations in Canada :
W25 ( nuclear warhead ) The W25 was a small nuclear warhead developed by the United States Air Force and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory for air - defense use . It was a fission device with a nominal yield of 1 . 5 kt . Development of the weapon began in 1954 at the behest of Douglas Aircraft for use against enemy bombers . The W25 was used for the MB - 1 " Ding Dong " , an unguided air - to - air rocket used by the F - 89 Scorpion , F - 101B , and F - 106 interceptor aircraft . The MB - 1 entered service in 1957 , and was eventually redesignated the AIR - 2 Genie . The only non - U . S . user was Canada , whose CF - 101 Voodoo s carried Genies until 1984 via a dual - key nuclear sharing arrangement . Limited numbers were still used for Air National Guard F - 106 aircraft until December 1984 . Description . The W25 is in diameter and long , with a reported weight of 218 - 221 pounds ( 98 . 8 - 100 . 2 kg ) . The W25 was described as a composite pit ( utilizing both Uranium and Plutonium ) , unboosted , and the first US sealed pit design . A sealed pit means that a solid metal barrier is formed around the pit or nuclear material components inside a nuclear weapon , with no openings . This protects the nuclear materials from environmental degradation and helps reduce the chances of their release in case of an accidental fire or minor explosion .
USS Garfield Thomas ( DE - 193 ) USS " Garfield Thomas " ( DE - 193 ) was a built for the United States Navy during World War II . She served in the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean and provided escort service against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys . She was named in honor of William Garfield Thomas , Jr . , who was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his actions during the Battle of Cape Esperance , 11 – 12 October 1942 . The ship was laid down on 23 September 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co . , Newark , New Jersey ; launched on 12 December 1943 ; sponsored by Lt . Betty K . Thomas , Army Nurse Corps , sister of Lt . ( j . g . ) W . G . Thomas ; and commissioned on 24 January 1944 , Lt . Comdr . Richard G . Werner in command . World War II North Atlantic operations . After shakedown out of Bermuda , " Garfield Thomas " returned to New York on 11 March 1944 . She stood out of New York on 19 March to join Task Group 27 . 4 as part of the screen for a convoy bound for Bizerte , North Africa , where she arrived on 31 March and returned New York on 13 April . She made two subsequent runs to Bizerte arriving New York from her third voyage on 7 September . After training out of Casco Bay , Maine , " Garfield Thomas " departed New York on 14 October in the screen for a " convoy " bound for the United Kingdom , arriving in Plymouth on 25 October . After returning to New York on 9 November the destroyer escort made four subsequent convoy - escort voyages to the United Kingdom , the last bringing her back to New York from Cardiff on 19 May 1945 . Transfer to Pacific Theatre operations . After repairs she departed New York on 9 June 1945 for refresher training in the Culebra - Guantánamo Bay areas , and then proceeded to Pearl Harbor , arriving on 20 July 1945 . Training out of Pearl Harbor kept her busy until 8 August when she got under way with a convoy bound for the Marshalls . She arrived Eniwetok on 16 August 1945 and operated between the Marshalls and the Carolines , screening convoys and taking her turn as patrol ship until she departed Eniwetok on 8 December for Pearl Harbor , arriving eight days later . After a month ' s duty as weather station ship " Garfield Thomas " departed Pearl Harbor on 9 February 1946 , transited the Panama Canal and arrived New York on 1 March 1946 . Post - War decommissioning . After a brief overhaul , " Garfield Thomas " departed New York on 24 March for Green Cove Springs , Florida . She remained moored there until decommissioned on 27 March 1947 . She entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet there where she remained until transferred to Greece under the Military Assistance Program on 15 January 1951 . " Garfield Thomas " served as HS " Panther " ( D - 67 ) and was struck in 1992 . In 1998 it was reported that she was laid up in Souda Bay , Crete .
Spanish frigate Victoria ( F82 ) SPS " Victoria " ( F82 ) is the second of the six Spanish - built s , based on the American design , of the Spanish Navy . Laid down on 16 August 1983 , and launched on 23 July 1986 , " Victoria " was commissioned in service on 11 November 1987 . All of these Spanish frigates have the length of the later " Oliver Hazard Perry " frigates , and have a wider beam than the US Navy design , and therefore able to carry more top weight . Fin stabilizers are fitted . On 29 March 2009 , as she was taking part in Operation " Atalanta " , German Navy Tanker Spessart ( A1442 ) was attacked by a 7 - man pirate boat . In addition to the regular 40 - man civilian crew , " Spessart " carried a 12 - man security detail which exchanged small arm fire with the pirates , and repelled the assault . The SH - 60 helicopter aboard " Victoria " intercepted the fleeing pirate skiff , opened fire and kept guard over the surrendering pirates until relieved by naval units . The frigates HNLMS " De Zeven Provinciën " , HS " Psara " and the USS " Boxer " were involved in this chase . On 2 June 2010 , the Victoria provided medical assistance to the crew of the Libyan vessel MV Rim , and prevented recapture of that ship by Somali pirates , after the crew of the Rim overpowered the pirates who had hijacked the ship four months earlier . The Rim had been anchored in the harbor of Garacad , Somalia , since her 3 February 2010 , taking in the Gulf of Aden . On 3 August 2010 , a helicopter from the Victoria stopped a pirate attack on the Norwegian chemical tanker MV Bow Saga , which had sent a distress call that it was under attack by a pirate skiff . The seven pirates on board the skiff were later captured by a second team from the European Union naval force in the region . On 3 August 2010 , The Norwegian Chemical tanker MV BOW SAGA was proceeding through the transit corridor in the middle of the Gulf of Aden when it came under attack . A pirate skiff with 7 people on board shot at the bridge , damaging the windows . EU NAVFOR heard her distress call and ordered the closest warship , the Spanish frigate SPS VICTORIA to react to the incident . VICTORIA already had her helicopter in the air and was able to intervene only ten minutes after the call . The pirates stopped the attack and tried to flee . After warning shots , first from the helicopter and then from the warship VICTORIA , the pirates eventually stopped . The skiff was searched by a boarding team from VICTORIA and weapons were subsequently found .
Trahaearn ap Caradog Trahaearn ap Caradog ( died 1081 ) was a King of Gwynedd . Accession . On the death of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn in 1075 , it appears that none of his sons were old enough to claim the throne , and Bleddyn ' s cousin Trahaearn ap Caradog , seized power . The family is thought to have originated in Arwystli , on the border between Gwynedd and Powys . Conflict with Gruffydd ap Cynan . The same year Gruffydd ap Cynan landed on Anglesey with an Irish force , and with the assistance of the Norman Robert of Rhuddlan defeated Trahaearn and gained control of Gwynedd . However tension between Gruffydd ap Cynan ' s Irish bodyguard and the local Welsh led to a rebellion in Llyn and Trahaearn took the opportunity to counter attack , defeating Gruffydd at the Battle of Bron yr Erw , also in 1075 , and forcing him to flee back to Ireland . In 1078 Trahaearn was campaigning in South Wales , defeating Rhys ab Owain of Deheubarth , who had been responsible for the killing of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn , in the Battle of Gwdig or Battle of Goodwick . Rhys was forced to flee , and later the same year was killed by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Gwent . This was hailed in the annals Brut y Tywysogion as " " vengeance for the blood of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn " " . Trahaearn ruled Gwynedd until 1081 , when Gruffydd ap Cynan returned from Ireland with an army of Danes and Irish and made an alliance with Rhys ap Tewdwr who had recently been ousted as prince of Deheubarth by Caradog ap Gruffydd of Morgannwg . Downfall and death . Trahaearn countered by making an alliance with Caradog ap Gruffydd . He is also said to have had Norman arbalisters in his army , but at the Battle of Mynydd Carn , north of St David ' s , that year both Trahaearn and Caradog were killed , and Gruffydd ap Cynan took over the rule of Gwynedd while Rhys ap Tewdwr was restored as prince of Deheubarth . Trahaearn is recorded as having been killed by one of Gruffydd ap Cynan ' s men , an Irishman named Gucharki .
Océan - class ship of the line The Océan - class ships of the line were a series of 16 first - rate 118 - gun ships of the line of the French navy , designed by engineer Jacques - Noël Sané . Fifteen were completed from 1788 on , with the last one entering service in 1854 . The first of the series was the " Commerce de Marseille " . The 5 , 100 ton 118 - gun type was the largest type of ship built up to then , besting the Spanish ship " Santísima Trinidad " . Up to 1790 Great Britain , the largest of the battle fleet nations , had not built especially large battleships because the need for large numbers of ships had influenced its battleship policy . The French initiated a new phase in battleship competition when they laid down a large number of three - deckers of around 5 , 000 tons . Along with the 74 - gun of the " Téméraire " type and the 80 - gun of the " Tonnant " type , the " Océan " 120 - gun type was to become one of the three French standard types of battleships during the war period 1793 to 1815 . These were the most powerful ships of the Napoleonic Wars and a total of ten served during that time . These ships , however , were quite expensive in terms of building materials , artillery and manpower and so were reserved for admirals as their fleet flagship s . Some of the ships spent 40 years on the stocks and were still in service in 1860 , three of them having been equipped with auxiliary steam engines in the 1850s . Design . The " Commerce de Marseille " was designed by the engineer Jacques - Noël Sané , marking a leap in the evolution of ship of the line design . The hull was simple with straight horizontal lines , minimal ornaments , and tumblehome . The poop deck was almost integral the gunwale , and the forecastle was minimal . They were highly successful as gun platforms and sailors , a fact which indicates that great improvements had been made in warship design since the late 17th century when battleships of less than half their size were regarded as unwieldy giants which ought to be brought into harbour before the September gales began . However , at least the first two of this class appear to have had less strength than necessary - one ( " Commerce de Marseille " ) which was taken by the British in 1793 , was never used by them , and the other ( " Ocean " ) had to be extensively rebuilt after a decade . This indicates that the growth in size of wooden warships caused structural problems which only gradually were solved . It is interesting to note that though these ships were costly , their design changed to become even larger in terms of overall tonnage with the introduction of the " Impérial " in 1803 . Mounting 18 pound cannon on her third gun deck ( unheard of in French three - decked ships of the period ) , she would set the example for all of the French 118 gun ships to follow .
Gedik Ahmed Pasha Gedik Ahmed Pasha ( died 18 November 1482 ) was an Ottoman grand vizier as well as an army and navy commander during the reigns of sultans Mehmed the Conqueror and Beyazid II . His background remains largely unknown . Some sources claim that he was of Albanian descent and others that he was of Greek or Serbian descent . He undertook virtually all of his construction enterprises in Anatolia . Leading the Ottoman Army , he defeated the last beylik ( principality ) resisting Ottoman expansion in Anatolia , the Karamanids . The Karamanids had been the strongest principality in Anatolia for nearly 200 years , even stronger than the Ottomans in the latter ' s beginning . They effectively succeeded the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate in the amount of possessions they held , among them the city of Konya , the former Selçuk capital . Gedik Ahmed Pasha ' s victory against the Karamanids in 1471 , conquering their territory as well as the Mediterranean coastal region around Ermenek , Mennan and Silifke , proved crucial for the future of the Ottomans . . Gedik Ahmed Pasha also fought against Venetians in the Mediterranean and was dispatched in 1475 by the Sultan to aid the Crimean Khanate against Genoese forces . In Crimea , he conquered Caffa , Soldaia , Cembalo and other Genoese castles as well as the Principality of Theodoro with its capital Mangup and the coastal regions of Crimea . He rescued the Khan of Crimea , Meñli I Giray , from Genoese forces . As a result of this campaign , Crimea and Circassia entered into the Ottoman sphere of influence . In 1479 , when he was a sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Avlona , Sultan Mehmet II ordered him lead a siege force of between 10 , 000 and 40 , 000 troops in the siege of Shkodra . Later that year , the sultan ordered him to lead the Ottoman Navy in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the war against Naples and Milan . During his campaign , Gedik Ahmed Pasha conquered the islands of Santa Maura ( Lefkada ) , Kefalonia and Zante ( Zakynthos ) . Since he had conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Mehmed II saw himself as the inheritor of the Roman Empire and seriously considered the conquest of Italy to reunite Roman lands under his dynasty . As part of this plan , Gedik Ahmed Pasha was sent with a naval force to the heel of the Italian peninsula . After a failed attempt to conquer Rhodes from the Knights of St . John he took the harbor city Otranto in 1480 . Eight hundred Christians were beheaded after refusing to convert to Islam . ( These victims were canonized by Pope Francis on May 12 , 2013 . ) But due to lack of food , he had to return with most of his troops to Albania in the same year , planning to continue the campaign in 1481 . The death of Mehmed II prevented this . Instead he sided with Beyazid II in the struggle for who would succeed the Sultan . However Beyazid II did not fully trust Gedik Ahmed Pasha and had him imprisoned and later killed on November 18 , 1482 at Adrianople .