naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
T 47 - class destroyer The T 47 class ( or " Surcouf " class ) were the first destroyers built for the French Navy after the Second World War . Twelve ships were built between 1955 and 1957 . The ships were modernised in the 1960s and decommissioned in the 1980s , when they were replaced by the s . These ships were larger than other contemporary European destroyers and were based on the wartime , but were enlarged and had a dual purpose armament . The ships were designed as Squadron escorts ( " Escorteur d ' escadre " ) rather than for independent operations , therefore they had a slower speed than their predecessors . The main guns were the French designed Model 1948 / 54 gun , which enabled them to use the same 5 - inch shells as the U . S . Mark 18 gun . The secondary armament was composed of 57mm / 60 modèle 1951 gun s . Modifications . During the 1960s the entire class were modernised and modified as either flotilla flagship s , anti - aircraft guided missile or anti - submarine destroyers . Flagships . Three ships — " Surcouf " , " Cassard " , and " Chevalier Paul " — were converted into flotilla flagships ( " conducteurs de flottilles " ) between 1960 and 1962 . One 57 mm gun turret , two triple torpedo launchers and two 20 mm guns were removed in order to enlarge the superstructure to accommodate an admiral , his staff , and additional communications equipment . AAW modernisation . Four ships — " Bouvet " , " Kersaint " , " Dupetit - Touhars " and " Du Chayla " — were modernised as anti - aircraft guided missile destroyers in 1962 – 1965 . ASW modernisation . Five ships — " D ' Estrées " , " Maillé - Brézé " , " Vauquelin " , " Casabianca " and " Guépratte " — were modernised as anti - submarine destroyers in 1968 – 1970 .
57th ( West Middlesex ) Regiment of Foot The 57th ( West Middlesex ) Regiment of Foot was a regiment of line infantry in the British Army . History . The regiment started out as the 59th Regiment of Foot raised in Gloucester in 1755 . After the disbandment of the 50th Regiment of Foot and the 51st Regiment of Foot in 1756 , it became the 57th Regiment of Foot . In 1782 , it was given a county connection , becoming the " 57th ( the West Middlesex ) Regiment of Foot " . The 57th Regiment earned their nickname of " the Die Hards " after their participation in the Battle of Albuera , one of the bloodiest battles of the Peninsular War , fought on the 16 May 1811 . The commanding officer of the 57th , Colonel Inglis , was struck down by a charge of canister shot which hit him in the neck and left breast . He refused to be carried to the rear for treatment , but lay in front of his men calling on them to hold their position and when the fight reached its fiercest cried , " Die hard the 57th , die hard ! " . The casualties of the 57th were 422 out of the 570 men in the ranks and 20 out of the 30 officers . The Allied commander of the Anglo - Portuguese force Field Marshal Beresford wrote in his dispatch , " our dead , particularly the 57th Regiment , were lying as they fought in the ranks , every wound in front " . " . The 57th arrived in New South Wales during 1826 serving at Van Diemens Land , Sydney , Victoria South Australia and the Swan River colony . The regiment was transferred to Madras in March , 1831 . In 1881 it was united with the 77th ( East Middlesex ) Regiment of Foot to form The Middlesex Regiment . Its regimental marches were ' Sir Manley Power ' ( quick ) and ' Caledonian ' ( slow ) .
John L . Pierce John Leonard Pierce ( April 25 , 1895 – February 12 , 1959 ) was an United States Army officer with the rank of Brigadier General . He is most noted as a commander of the 16th Armored Division during World War II . Early years . John Leonard Pierce was born on April 25 , 1895 in Dallas , Texas as the son of lawyer , Frank Cushman Pierce and his wife , Isabella . Pierce attended the West Texas Military Academy in San Antonio , Texas and subsequently Texas A & M University and then joined the Army in June 1917 . Subsequently served during World War I in France . After war , Pierce served with 8th Infantry Division within Occupation forces in Koblenz , Germany . After return to the United States , Pierce stayed in the Army and was interested in mobile warfare and the development of armor . World War II . At the beginning of World War II , Pierce served as a Deputy Chief of Staff of the 3rd Armored Division under command of Major general Alvan C . Gillem . One year later , Pierce was transferred to the II Armored Corps ( lated redesignated as the XVIII Airborne Corps ) , where he served as Chief of Staff . In June 1943 , Pierce was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and was appointed a Chief of Staff of Armored Command . He stayed in this capacity until September 1944 , when he was transferred to Camp Chaffee in Arkansas , where he assumed command of 16th Armored Division . He replaced major general Douglass T . Greene in this capacity . Pierce arrived with his 16th Armored Division in Europe in February 1945 and participated in combats in Germany and Czechoslovakia . Pierce commanded the division during the liberation of Pilsen . For his service during World War II , general Pierce was awarded with Legion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster by the government of the United States and with Order of the White Lion and with War Cross by the government of the Czechoslovakia for his merits during liberation of Western Bohemia . Life after War . Pierce was subsequently transferred back to the United States , where he was appointed the President of the Secretary of War ' s Discharge Review Board . He served in this capacity until 1946 , when he retired from the Army . Brigadier general John Leonard Pierce died in the age of 63 years at his home in San Antonio , Texas and is buried at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery together with his wife , Kate Bodine Pierce ( 1895 - 1988 ) . Decorations . Here is Brigadier general Pierce´s ribbon bar :
USS Moccasin ( SS - 5 ) The second USS " Moccasin " ( SS - 5 ) was a that was later renamed " A - 4 " . She was laid down under the direction of Arthur Leopold Busch on 8 November 1900 in Elizabeth , New Jersey at the Crescent Shipyard , launched on 20 August 1901 , and commissioned on 17 January 1903 at the Holland yard at New Suffolk , N . Y . with Ensign Frank L . Pinney in command . Assigned to duty at the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport , " Moccasin " operated locally on principally training and experimental activities until assigned to the Reserve Torpedo Flotilla at Norfolk on 15 June 1904 , in which unit she remained inactive for the next half decade . On 20 July 1909 , the submarine torpedo boat was loaded onto the collier , which sailed soon thereafter for the Philippines . " Moccasin " s sister - ship , , was on board as deck cargo as well , lashed to the auxiliary ' s forward well deck . Arriving at Olongapo on 1 October , " Moccasin " was launched on 7 October . Recommissioned on 10 February 1910 , she was assigned to the First Submarine Division , Asiatic Torpedo Fleet , based in the Manila area . A new name . " Moccasin " was renamed " A - 4 " on 17 November 1911 . During World War I , like her sister - ships , she patrolled the entrance to Manila Bay and convoyed ships moving out of local waters . Later placed in reserve , " A - 4 " was decommissioned at Cavite on 12 December 1919 .
Göta artilleriregemente Göta artilleriregemente ( Götaland Artillery Regiment ) , designation A 2 , was a Swedish Army artillery regiment that traced its origins back to the 17th century . It was disbanded in 1962 . The regiment ' s soldiers were originally recruited from Götaland , and it was also garrisoned there . History . The regiment has its origins in Artilleriregementet raised in 1636 . That regiment was split into four new regiments in 1794 of which Göta artilleriregemente was one . The regiment was given the designation A 2 ( 2nd Artillery Regiment ) in 1830 . In 1893 four companies were split off to form Norrlands artilleriregemente and Karlsborgs artillerikår . The regiment also changed name to Första Göta artilleriregemente in 1893 , and another two companies were split off to form Smålands artilleriregemente in 1895 . The name was changed back again in 1904 . The regiment was garrisoned in Göteborg until it was disbanded in 1962 .
Paul W . Baade Paul William Baade ( April 16 , 1889 – October 9 , 1959 ) was a highly decorated United States Army officer , with the rank of Major General . He is most noted as a Commander of 35th Infantry Division during World War II . Early years . Paul William Baade was born on April 16 , 1889 in Fort Wayne , Indiana as a son of Fred C . Baade and his wife Anna Paul . He attended the United States Military Academy at West Point , New York and graduated on June 13 , 1911 . He was commissioned a Second lieutenant on the same date . His war record before World War I include military service with 7th Infantry Regiment at Fort D . A . Russell , Wyoming , with 8th Infantry Regiment at Philippines or with 54th Infantry Regiment at Chickamaugua Park in Georgia . During the World War I , Baade sailed to the France and fought with 81st Infantry Division . Decorations . Here is Major general Baade´s ribbon bar :
Saab 21 The SAAB 21 was a Swedish fighter / attack aircraft from SAAB that first took to the air in 1943 . It was described as a very efficient weapons platform . It was designed as a twin boom pusher configuration , where the propeller is mounted in the rear of the fuselage , pushing the aircraft forward . Design and development . Sweden wished to ensure its continued neutrality through a policy of armed strength during World War II but were effectively denied access to foreign weapons . The original design studies began in 1939 , based around the use of a " buried " Bristol Taurus engine . The project remained dormant until 1941 . In response to the need for air defence , and faced with the prospect of imported designs being unavailable due to the war , Sweden undertook an indigenous rearmament programme including an advanced fighter . The low - wing monoplane Saab 21 fighter was ultimately designed around a license - produced version of the Daimler - Benz DB 605 B engine , featured innovations such as tricycle landing gear , heavy forward - firing armament , ejector seat , and a twin - boom pusher layout that later allowed the type to be modified with a turbojet engine . The advantages of a pusher design , are that the view forward is unobstructed and armament can be concentrated in the nose , while a major drawback is difficulty in escaping from the aircraft in an emergency , as the pilot could get drawn into the propeller blades . SAAB deliberated between systems that would eject the pilot , or jettison the propeller or the engine , ( via a system of explosive bolts ) . and eventually installed an early ejector seat developed by Bofors for the purpose and tested in 1943 . In 1947 , the aircraft was extensively redesigned with over 50 % airframe , tailplane and wing changes and fitted with a de Havilland Goblin turbojet , acquiring the new designation Saab J 21R . Operational history . The first of three J 21 prototypes flew on 30 July 1943 flown by SAAB test pilot Claes Smith . During the takeoff , the wrong flap setting resulted in the prototype running into a fence at the end of the runway , damaging one of the landing gears . The subsequent test flight ended with a successful landing on the undamaged undercarriage units . A total of 54 J 21A - 1 fighters constructed at the main plant in Trollhättan were delivered from December 1945 , followed by 124 and 119 examples respectively of the J 21A - 2 with revised armament and the J 21A - 3 fighter - bomber . Utilized mainly in the bomber role , the limitation of the design led to a proposed front - engine replacement , the J 23 . An evaluation of the two designs led to the decision to retain the J 21 series but to consider the modification of the airframe to accommodate a jet engine . While production line J 21A series aircraft were first selected for conversion , the initial piston - engine version continued in production in five series " batches " that were completed in 1948 – 1949 . In service use , the J 21A was phased out after 1954 . Survivors . Three aircraft are preserved ;
Cornicen A cornicen ( plural cornicines ) was a junior officer in the Roman Army . The cornicen ' s job was to signal salutes to officers and sound orders to the legions . The cornicines played the cornu ( making him an aeneator ) . Cornicines always marched at the head of the centuries , with the tesserary and the signifer . The cornicines were also used as assistants to a centurion ( like an " optio " ) . The cornicen was a duplicary or a soldier who got double the basic pay of the legionary . The cornicen . The late Roman writer Vegetius , in his work De Re Militari , wrote : " The music of the legion consists of trumpet s , cornet s and buccina e . The trumpet sounds the charge and the retreat . The cornets are used only to regulate the motions of the colors ; the trumpets serve when the soldiers are ordered out to any work without the colors ; but in time of action , the trumpets and cornets sound together . The classicum , which is a particular sound of the buccina or horn , is appropriated to the commander - in - chief and is used in the presence of the general , or at the execution of a soldier , as a mark of its being done by his authority . The ordinary guards and outposts are always mounted and relieved by the sound of trumpet , which also directs the motions of the soldiers on working parties and on field days . The cornets sound whenever the colors are to be struck or planted . These rules must be punctually observed in all exercises and reviews so that the soldiers may be ready to obey them in action without hesitation according to the general ' s orders either to charge or halt , to pursue the enemy or to retire . For reason will convince us that what is necessary to be performed in the heat of action should constantly be practiced in the leisure of peace . "
William Chesarek William David Chesarek Jr . , DFC of Temecula , California is an Officer of the United States Marine Corps . As of August 23 , 2011 he holds the rank of Major . Biography . Actions in Iraq . In June 2006 he was a Captain taking part in an officer exchange program with British forces in Iraq . Flying a Lynx helicopter on the evening of June 10 , 2006 , Chesarek was providing radio communication relay for British ground troops conducting a company - sized search operation near Amarah , Iraq . Monitoring radio transmissions , he overheard that a vehicle involved in the operation had become disabled and a crowd of insurgents was firing small arms and rocket - propelled grenades at the company . His award citation tells , " Chesarek elected to fly low over the area in an attempt to distract the crowd and if possible , to engage the insurgents . " Because the crowd of civilians was so close to the ground troops , he decided that instead of engaging his machine gun , he " opted instead to provide bold , harassing , very low level flight over the area in an attempt to disperse the crowd . " However , Chesarek learned from radio traffic from the ground that he was now the target and was drawing weapons fire , and that a rocket - propelled grenade had just missed the tail of his helicopter . Using his view from the air , Chesarek , who was trained as an airborne forward air controller , then used his skills to coordinate , designate and control fixed - wing aircraft in providing close air support , which resulted in dispersing the insurgents . Chesarek , aware that a British soldier , Colour Sergeant Ian Page , had been critically injured with a gunshot wound to the head , then made the decision that as the only helicopter in the area he would conduct a medical evacuation with the Lynx despite his version of the aircraft type not being designed for this use . Landing the Lynx near the soldier in distress , his door gunner and another crew member jumped out , picked up the injured soldier and put him into the aircraft . The other crew member who disembarked elected to stay on the ground so the helicopter would not then be forced to fly overweight . As a result of his actions that day , he was awarded the British Distinguished Flying Cross . The award was announced by the British Ministry of Defence on December 15 , 2006 . He received the award from Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace on March 21 , 2007 . Michelle Norris , the young British medic who initially aided Page , received her Military Cross ( the first woman to do so ) at the same ceremony . Chesarek is the first US serviceman to receive this significant British decoration ( roughly equivalent to the Silver Star as the third - tier gallantry / valor decoration ) since the end of World War II .
USS Champion ( 1777 ) The Continental Navy xebec , Champion , commanded by Captain James Josiah , served in the Delaware River in a force composed of ships of the Continental and Pennsylvania State Navy during the American Revolution . It was this force that contested British efforts to establish sea communications with their forces in Philadelphia in the fall of 1777 . After several months of fighting against heavy odds , the American ships attempted to run past Philadelphia . The Pennsylvania State galley s succeeded but the Continental fleet , including " Champion " , was burned by its own officers on 21 November 1777 , when tide and winds turned against them .
Yukio Kasahara Biography . Kasahara was born into a military family in Sendai , but attended the First Tokyo Middle School as a youth . He graduated from the 22nd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1913 , and from the 22nd class of the Army Staff College in November 1918 . Kasahara was sent as a military attaché to Moscow , Russia from 1929 – 1932 , and became fluent in the Russian language . On his return to Japan , he was assigned to the Soviet Branch of the 4th Section ( European & American Military Intelligence ) , 2nd Bureau , of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff . From 1933 - 1934 , he became an instructor at the Cavalry School , and was subsequently appointed commander of the Imperial Guards Cavalry Regiment from 1934 - 1936 . Kasahara returned to the 2nd Bureau of the General Staff in 1936 as Chief of the 4th Section , 5th Section and 6th Section , covering all of the European , American and Russian Intelligence . He was a major proponent of the " hokushin - ron " philosophy , feeling strongly that the Soviet Union posed a major threat and a major opportunity for Japan . From 1937 - 1938 , Kasahara was sent to Manchukuo as Vice Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army . He visited Germany as part of a military mission in 1938 after the conclusion of the Tripartite Pact , and returned to the General Staff on his return to Japan . However , Kasahara was soon dispatched back to China . From 1939 - 1941 , he served as Chief of Staff of the Northern China Area Army . He was then promoted to commander in chief of the IJA 12th Division from 1941 - 1942 . For most the remainder of the war ( 1942 – 1945 ) , Kasahara served as Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army . However , in April 1945 , he was appointed to replace General Yoshio Uetsuki as commander of the IJA 11th Army , and thus participated in the Operation Ichi - Go offensive , notably at the Battle of Guilin - Liuzhou .
Submarine U - 475 Black Widow Submarine " U - 475 " " Black Widow " was a Soviet Navy submarine of the Cold war period , which is now in private hands . She is currently moored at Strood , on the River Medway , in South - East England . Background . The Soviet Project 641 class submarines ( known to the West by their NATO reporting name of ) was a class of conventionally powered patrol / attack submarines . Some 74 were built by the Soviet Navy between 1957 and 1983 as well as 17 others for the Libyan , Cuban and Indian Navies . Service history . " Black Widow " was built at Sudomekh shipyard in Leningrad and commissioned in 1967 . She was based at Riga and served with the Soviet Baltic Fleet before being used as a training vessel for crews from overseas who would be operating " Foxtrots " in their own navies . She was decommissioned in 1994 and sold . Museum ship . After passing into private hands , and under the name " " U - 475 Black Widow " " she was moored at Long ' s Wharf near the Thames Barrier in England where she was open to the public as a museum ship . in 1998 she was moved to Folkestone , where she was again opened to the public . In 2004 she was moved to her present location , in a state of disrepair , and is currently awaiting restoration . Naming . The submarine is currently referred to as " Foxtrot B - 39 U - 475 Black Widow " , but it is unclear what designation she had in Soviet service . The " B - " designation stands for " Bolshaya " ( " Large " ) , and was used by the Soviet Navy during the Cold War era , but another Foxtrot B - 39 also exists , now moored at San Diego as a museum ship . The " B - 39 " designation also suggests a vessel in the Soviet Pacific Fleet ; Baltic Fleet vessels carried numbers in the 200 ' s . The name “ Black Widow ” and the designation “ U - 475 ” were given to the boat by the new owners ; Soviet submarines were not generally named , the " U - " designation was not used by the Soviets , and none of the Foxtrots known carried the number " – 475 " .