naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Pete Geren Preston Murdoch " Pete " Geren , III ( born January 29 , 1952 in Fort Worth , Texas ) served as the 20th United States Secretary of the Army from July 16 , 2007 to September 16 , 2009 . He is also a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas . He is currently president of the Sid W . Richardson Foundation in Fort Worth , Texas . Education . Geren attended Georgia Tech from 1970 to 1973 ( where he was the starting center for the football team ) and received his B . A . from the University of Texas in 1974 and his Juris Doctor from University of Texas Law School in 1978 . Congressional career . Prior to joining the Department of Defense , Geren was an attorney and businessman in Fort Worth , Texas . He was an aide to U . S . Senator Lloyd Bentsen ( 1983 – 1985 ) . From 1989 until 1997 , Geren was a Democratic member of the U . S . Congress , representing Texas ' s 12th congressional district for four terms . He was first elected in a special election to succeed former Speaker of the House Jim Wright for the 12th congressional district in Texas , narrowly defeating Republican candidate , well known Fort Worth allergist Bob Lanier ( not to be confused with the Houston mayor of the same name ) . Geren was re - elected for three more terms , but opted not to run in 1996 . He was succeeded by Kay Granger . While in Congress , Geren was credited with coining the term " Blue Dog Democrat " . Moderate and conservative Democrats in Congress chose to name their group after this term , creating the Blue Dog Coalition . Geren opined that the members had been " choked blue " by " extreme " Democrats from the left . It is related to the political term " Yellow Dog Democrat , " a reference to southern Democrats said to be so loyal they would even vote for a yellow dog if it were labeled Democrat . Department of Defense . Geren joined the Department of Defense in September 2001 to serve as Special Assistant to the Defense Secretary with responsibilities in the areas of inter - agency initiatives , legislative affairs and special projects . On July 29 , 2005 , Bush appointed Geren the acting United States Secretary of the Air Force , a position he served in until the confirmation of his successor Michael Wynne in November 2005 . Geren was the 28th Undersecretary of the Army , a post he assumed on February 21 , 2006 , following his nomination by President George W . Bush and confirmation by the United States Senate . As the Undersecretary , Geren was the Army ' s No . 2 civilian leader . He served as the deputy and senior advisor to the Secretary of the Army and was Acting Secretary in the absence of the Secretary . In March 2007 , Geren was named Acting Secretary of the United States Army by Defense Secretary Robert Gates , after Army Secretary Francis J . Harvey resigned amidst the scandal at Walter Reed Army Medical Center . On July 16 , 2007 , the Senate confirmed Geren as Secretary of the Army .
Medal of Valor ( Israel ) The Medal of Valor ( , " Itur HaGvura " ) is the highest Israeli military decoration . The medal was established in 1970 by the Knesset in an act of law as a replacement for the " Hero of Israel " military decoration that was awarded during the War of Independence . Awards of the medal were also made for actions prior to 1970 , and all recipients of the " Hero of Israel " automatically received the Medal of Valor as well . Recipients of the medal receive several privileges such as tax reduction and invitations to official state ceremonies . Soldiers awarded the Medal of Valor may also be granted the right to be buried in the Helkat Gedolei Ha ' Uma cemetery on Mount Herzl . To this day , 40 medals have been awarded : 12 for actions in the War of Independence ( Hero of Israel recipients automatically awarded the Medal of Valor ) , four for the Sinai War , 12 for the Six - Day War , one for the War of Attrition , eight for the Yom Kippur War and three others awarded on other occasions . Design . The medal was designed by Dan Reisinger in the shape of a Star of David . A sword and olive branch decorate the left side , while the reverse is plain . The medal is attached to a yellow ribbon , a reference to the yellow star that Jews were forced to wear during the Holocaust . Two time recipients of the medal attach a small medal - shaped clasp to the ribbon . The medal is minted by the Israel Government Coins and Medals Corporation . It is made of 25 gram silver / 935 and the clasp is chrome plated .
551st Signal Battalion ( United States ) The 551st Signal Battalion is an active duty unit of the United States Army , housed on Fort Gordon . The MACOM for the 551st is ( TRADOC ) and they fall directly under the 15th Regimental Signal Brigade . The 551st trains the following Signal Corps MOSs < br > 25F – Network Switching System Operator / Maintainer < br > 25N – Nodal Network System Operator / Maintainer < br > 25P – Microwave Systems Operator Maintainer < br > 25Q – Multi - Channel Transmission Systems Operator / Maintainer < br > 25S Satellite Communications Systems Operator / Maintainer < br > They also train the Additional Skills Identifier ( ASI ) < br > 25S1C Satellite Systems Network Coordinator Mission . To provide world class Advanced Individual Training to transform Soldiers into disciplined , physically fit , prepared , tactically and technically competent “ Signal Warriors ” who live the Army Values and stand ready to make a positive contribution to the Operational Army . Vision . To be the best Advanced Individual Training Signal Battalion in the US Army . An organization built on cohesion , confidence , competence and character . History . 551st Signal Battalion Lineage World War II : Northern Solomons ; Leyte ; Southern Philippines Company A additionally entitled to :
Ahmed Ali al - Mwawi Ahmed Abdullah Al - Mwawi ( 1897 – 1979 ? ) , also Mawawi or Muwawi , was a Major General in the Egyptian Army . He served as the General Commander of the Egypt ian expeditionary force during 1948 Arab – Israeli War . Personal life . He was born in Sohag in 1897 . He was married and had four children . Role in 1948 war . Warning discussion . On the evening of Tuesday , May 11 , 1948 , al - Mwawi attended a secret meeting of the Egyptian parliament to discuss the declaration of war . Before the voting of the parliament , he warned that the Egyptian Army was not prepared , opining that there would be little real fighting . The battle plan was unclear and war aims were vague , making al - Mwawi uncertain of his objectives . On May 15 he led the Egyptian Expeditionary Forces into Palestine . The Egyptians numbered between 7 , 000 and 10 , 000 troops , divided into two brigades . The Egyptian Expeditionary Forces comprised the 1st Infantry Battalion ( numbering 700 - 750 ) , the 6th Infantry Battalion ( 700 - 750 ) , the 9th Infantry Battalion ( 700 - 750 ) , an armoured reconnaissance battalion ( 35 armoured vehicles ) , a light tank battalion ( seven tanks ) , three 25 pound cannon batteries ( 24 cannons ) , one 18 pound cannon battery ( eight cannons ) and one six pound anti - tank cannon battery ( eight cannons ) . With the intensification of clashes in Palestine he moved his headquarters to el - Arish where he was stationed along with an infantry force . War efforts . On May 14 , Mwawi was promoted by Royal decree to the rank of Major General and appointed commander of the southern sector of the Palestine theater of the Egyptian army operations . He commanded an expeditionary force of about 10 , 000 men consisting of five infantry battalions , an armored battalion with British Mark VI and Matilda tank s , a battalion of sixteen 25 - pounder guns , a battalion of eight 6 - pounder guns and a medium machine - gun battalion with supporting troops . Alarming report . he sent a report to Cairo headquarters , on July 18 , 1948 during the second truce of the 1948 Arab – Israeli War , describing the shortages in armaments and supplies . He also reported that the Arab forces waere divided by mistrust . Relief from command . On October 20 , King Farouk I relieved al - Mwawi of his command . Legacy . A village was named after him near Kafr el - Dawwar , Buhayrah , Egyp . A book was wrutten about his life in 2010 .
Meliton Kantaria Meliton Varlamovich Kantaria or Kantariya ( , ) ( 5 October 1920 , Jvari , Georgia , – 27 December 1993 , Moscow ) , Hero of the Soviet Union ( 8 May 1946 ) , was a Georgia n sergeant of the Soviet Army credited to have together with M . A . Yegorov hoisted a Soviet flag " Banner of Victory " over the Reichstag on April 30 , 1945 . Biography . Born to a peasant family in a small Georgian town of Jvari , he worked in " kolkhoz " until being mobilized in the Red Army in 1940 . During World War II , he served in the 756th Rifle Regiment , 150th Rifle Division , of the 3rd Shock Army at the 1st Belorussian Front . He , together with Sergeant M . A . Yegorov , mounted a red banner over a defeated Reichstag on the 1 May 1945 . Demobilized in 1946 , he lived thereafter in Sukhumi working as a statal shop manager . Afilied PCUS in 1947 . A year after the secessionist war in the region had begun he moved with his family to Moscow where he died two months later in December 1993 in the Kremlin hospital .
47th Georgia Volunteer Infantry The 47th Georgia Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . History . The regiment was first organized during the winter of 1861 – 1862 with men recruited from Mitchell , Randolph , Bulloch , Chatham , Screven , Tattnall , Appling , Bryan , Liberty , and Dodge counties . It was reorganized on May 12 , 1862 , when the 11th Battalion Georgia Infantry was merged into it . Until that time , the soldiers had spent most of their time guarding the Georgia coast . However , sometime in May , after the new 47th was organized , they were ordered to Charleston , South Carolina . They fought in their first engagement on June 10 , 1862 , at James Island , where forty out of seventy men were killed or wounded . They then served in North Carolina until May 1863 when the regiment was ordered to Vicksburg , Mississippi , as a part of General John C . Breckinridge ’ s division under Joe Johnston . The regiment saw action at the Siege of Jackson . Three months later , in August , they were sent to serve with General Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee , fighting in such battles as Kennesaw Mountain , Resaca , Missionary Ridge and Chickamauga before returning to the East to defend Savannah , Georgia . In 1865 , the 47th Infantry participated in the Carolinas Campaign . The remaining men surrendered to William T . Sherman on April 26 , 1865 , and were paroled . The field officers during the war were Colonel s A . C . Edwards and G . W . M . Williams , Lieutenant Colonel s Joseph S . Cone and William S . Phillips , and Major James G . Cone .
Grant R . Mulder Grant R . Mulder was a Major General in the United States Air Force . Career . Mulder joined the Air Force in 1964 . He served in the Vietnam War before being given the command of the 64th Tactical Airlift Squadron . Later he was assigned to the Office of the United States Secretary of the Air Force and served as Mobilization Assistant to the Director for Logistics of United States Atlantic Command . His retirement was effective as of June 1 , 2001 . Awards he has received include the Meritorious Service Medal with oak leaf cluster , the Air Medal with three oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Commendation Medal , the Outstanding Unit Award , the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal , the Vietnam Service Medal , and the Vietnam Gallantry Cross .
Albert Parker Niblack Albert Parker Niblack ( July 25 , 1859 – August 20 , 1929 ) was a United States admiral who served during the First World War . In 1940 , the USS " Niblack " ( DD - 424 ) , sponsored by his widow , was named in his honor . Niblack was born in Vincennes , Indiana . He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy September 22 , 1876 ; graduated June 10 , 1880 ; and was assigned to " Lackawanna " . During the decades that followed , Niblack served on many ships and held several interesting posts ashore including work with the Smithsonian Institution , duty in the Bureau of Navigation , and a tour in the Office of Naval Intelligence . He won his first command , " Iroquois " , February 10 , 1904 , and subsequently commanded some of the Navy ’ s most famous ships including and . He was naval attaché to Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Germany , and the Netherlands , and served as a member of the General Board . When the United States entered World War I , he took command of Division 1 , U . S . Atlantic Fleet , with " Alabama " ( BB - 8 ) as flagship April 5 , 1917 , and was appointed Rear Admiral August 31 . Niblack assumed command of Squadron 2 , Patrol Force , October 23 , and served in this post through the Armistice . He became Director of Naval Intelligence March 1 , 1919 , and Naval Attaché in London August 6 , 1920 . As Vice Admiral , he commanded U . S . Naval Forces in European waters January 15 , 1921 to June 17 , 1922 . After commanding the 6th Naval District at Charleston , S . C . , Vice Admiral Niblack retired July 25 , 1923 . He died at Monte Carlo , Monaco August 20 , 1929 .
Cniva Cniva ( Kniwa , meaning " knife " ) ( flourished mid - 3rd century CE ) was the Gothic chieftain who invaded the Roman Empire in the third century CE . He successfully conquered the city of Philippopolis , present - day Bulgarian city Plovdiv , and killed the emperor Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus at the Battle of Abrittus as he was attempting to leave the Roman Empire . He was allowed to leave with his spoils and was paid tribute to stay out of the empire . Invasion of Moesia . Cniva began the invasion of the Roman Empire when he crossed the Danube . He sent detachments throughout the Roman province of Moesia with forces of Goths , Germans and Sarmatians . His considerable forces demanded the attention of the emperor Decius . While Cniva was laying siege to the city of Nicopolis , Decius arrived , and the Goths left and headed towards Philippopolis . Decius and his troops pursued Cniva through the difficult terrain , but soon , after many forced marches , Cniva turned his troops on Decius , who thought he was further away from the Goths . The Roman camp was surprised and Decius fled while his army was defeated . Then Cniva laid siege to Philippopolis and , after a long resistance , he conquered the city , slaying one hundred thousand people , and taking many prisoners . Decius ’ s response . The sack of Philippopolis invigorated Decius , who intercepted several parties of Germans , and repaired and strengthened his fortification s along the Danube , intending to oppose Cniva ’ s forces . The Romans in time , with their superior numbers , surrounded the Goths , who attempted now to retreat from the empire . But Decius , seeking revenge and confident of victory , attacked the Goths at a small town called Forum Terebronii . The Roman army was caught in a swamp when they attempted to attack the Gothic army , and both the emperor Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus were slain in this battle , known as the Battle of Abrittus . Terms of peace . After the battle , the new emperor , Trebonianus Gallus , let Cniva leave with his spoils , and aided the Goths ' departure . He even promised to pay a tribute to Cniva in order to keep him from invading the empire again . Cniva is supposed to be the son of the norse chieftain Halvdan the Aged of Ringerike , that ruled Scandza and Scythia in the early 3rd century . That means the Goths origin from the eastern part of Norway as well as Sweden .
I Corps ( German Empire ) The I Army Corps / I AK ( ) was a corps level command of the Prussia n and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . It was established with headquarters in Königsberg ( now Kaliningrad , Russia ) . Initially , the Corps catchment area comprised the entire Province of East Prussia , but from 1 October 1912 the southern part of the Province was transferred to the newly formed XX Corps District . In peacetime , the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate , which became the 1st Army at the start of the First World War . The corps was still in existence at the end of the war , and was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I . Austro - Prussian War . The I Corps fought in the Austro - Prussian War against Austria in 1866 , including the Battle of Trautenau and the Battle of Königgrätz . Franco - Prussian War . The Corps served in the Franco - Prussian War against France in 1870 – 1871 . It saw action in the Battle of Noiseville , the Battle of Gravelotte , the Siege of Metz , the Battle of Amiens , the Battle of Hallue , and the Battle of St . Quentin , among other actions . Peacetime organisation . From formation in 1820 , the Corps commanded two divisions : 1st Division and 2nd Division . These were joined by 37th Division when it was formed on 1 April 1899 . 37th Division was transferred to XX Corps when it was formed on 1 October 1912 . The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army ( Guards , I - XXI , I - III Bavarian ) had a reasonably standardised organisation . Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades , one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each . Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type , so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry , 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments . There were exceptions to this rule : Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units . This could include one or more World War I . Organisation on mobilisation . On mobilization on 2 August 1914 , the Corps was restructured . The 1st and 2nd Cavalry Brigades were withdrawn to form part of the 1st Cavalry Division and the 43rd Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units . The Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters . In summary , I Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions , 8 machine gun companies ( 48 machine guns ) , 8 cavalry squadrons , 24 field artillery batteries ( 144 guns ) , 4 heavy artillery batteries ( 16 guns ) , 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , I Corps was assigned to the 8th Army to defend East Prussia , while the rest of the Army executed the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . It saw action at the battles of Stallupönen , Gumbinnen , and Tannenberg , and the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes . The Corps was still in existence at the end of the war . Commanders . The I Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Tunisian Armed Forces The Tunisian Armed Forces ( ) consist of the Tunisian Land Army , Navy , and Air Force . As of 2008 , Tunisia had an army of 27 , 000 personnel equipped with 84 main battle tanks and 48 light tanks . The navy numbered 4 , 800 operating 25 patrol boats and 6 other crafts . The Air Force had 4 , 000 personnel , 27 combat aircraft and 43 helicopters . Paramilitary forces consisted of a 12 , 000 - member national guard . Tunisia has participated in peacekeeping efforts in the DROC and Ethiopia / Eritrea . Previous United Nations peacekeeping deployments for the Tunisian armed forces have included Cambodia ( UNTAC ) , Namibia ( UNTAG ) , Somalia , Rwanda , Burundi and the 1960s mission in the Congo , ONU C . History . The modern Tunisian Army had its origins in the time of the French Protectorate ( 1881 – 1956 ) . During this period , Tunisians were recruited in significant numbers into the French Army , serving as tirailleurs ( infantry ) and spahis ( cavalry ) . These units saw active service in Europe during both World Wars , as well as in Indo - China prior to 1954 . The only exclusively Tunisian military force permitted under French rule was the Beylical Guard . The Tunisian National Army was established on 24 June 1956 , at the time of independence . It initially comprised about 1 , 300 officers and men transferred from French Army service , plus 850 former members of the Beylical Guard . Approximately 4 , 000 Tunisian soldiers continued in French Army service until 1958 , when the majority transferred to the Tunisian Army , which reached a strength of over 6 , 000 that year . The Tunisian Navy was created in 1959 and the Tunisian Air Force in 1960 . In 1960 Tunisian troops served with the United National Peacekeeping Force in the Congo . In 1961 clashes occurred with French forces based at Bizerte . The French evacuated the base after subsequent negotiations with the Tunisian Government . Tunisia has contributed military forces to United Nations peacekeeping missions , including an army company to UNAMIR during the Rwandan Genocide . In his book " Shake Hands with the Devil " , Canadian force commander Roméo Dallaire gave the Tunisian soldiers high credit for their work and effort in the conflict and referred to them as his " ace in the hole " . During the 2011 Libyan civil war , Tunisian forces , mostly border guards , saw some limited action when fighting between Libyan rebels and loyalist soldiers spilled over the border and clashes ensued between the Libyan Army and the Tunisian Army , resulting in at least one Tunisian civilian being injured by a Libyan rocket . Weapons of mass destruction . No known nuclear activity . Signatory to the Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty ( NPT ) . No known chemical weapons activity . Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC ) . No known biological weapons activity . Party to the Biological Weapons Convention ( BWC ) .
Rorarii Rorarii were soldiers which formed the final lines , or else provided a reserve thereby , in the ancient pre - Marian Roman army . They may have been used with the " triarii " in battle near the final stages of fighting , since they are recorded as being located at the rear of the main battle formation . ( Note that the saying " Going to the Triarii " means that something has gone to the bitter end - as in reached the final line . ) They may have been similar in role to the " accensi " , acting as supernumeraries and filling the places of fallen soldiers as a battle or campaign wore on , or they may have been skirmishers akin to " velites " as stated by Livy in Book VIII . 8 . Unfortunately , the evidence is so limited that it is difficult to understand what direct role the " rorarii " may have had , if any , in fighting . It seems most likely that they were not part of the line in the same way as " triarii " , " principes " and " hastati " were .
French ship Couronne ( 1824 ) Couronne was a 74 - gun ship of the line of the French Navy . She took part in the Invasion of Algiers in 1830 . She was later renamed " Barricade " , and " Duperré " after Admiral Duperré ' s death . She was used as a hulk from 17 August 1869 , and broken up the next year .