naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William Neil McKechnie Group Captain William Neil McKechnie ( 1907 - 1944 ) was a pilot in the Royal Air Force who was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal in 1929 and was killed in action over Germany in 1944 . Early life . W . N . McKechnie was born on 27 August 1907 the son of Lt . Col . William Ernest McKechnie , I . M . S . and Marion A . McKechnie . He attended The Perse School in Cambridge . He later married Mary Roma McKechnie of Musselburgh , Midlothian . Winning The Empire Gallantry Medal ( later The George Cross ) . McKechnie earned the Empire Gallantry Medal for an act of bravery in saving Flight Cadet C . J . Giles after an aeroplane crash on 20 June 1929 whilst still a Flight Cadet aged 22 . The London Gazette of 18 October 1929 , gives the following details in announcing the award to Group Captain McKechnie of the Empire Gallantry Medal : " " On 20 June 1929 , an aeroplane piloted by Flight Cadet C . J . Giles crashed on landing at RAF College Cranwell and burst into flames . The pilot was stunned , but managed to release his safety belt and fall out of the machine in a dazed condition . Flight Cadet McKechnie , who had landed in another aeroplane about the same time some two hundred yards away , left his machine and ran at full speed towards the scene of the accident . The petrol had spread over an area about ten yards in diameter , in full blaze , with Giles lying in it semi - conscious . McKechnie , without hesitation , ran into the flames and pulled out Giles , who was badly burned . McKechnie , who was himself scorched and superficially burned , then proceeded to extinguish Giles ' s burning clothing . There is no doubt that without McKechnie ' s assistance Giles would have been burned to death , as he was quite incapable of moving himself . His machine was entirely destroyed , and the ground for some distance around was burned up by the spread of the ignited petrol . " " RAF career . Attended RAF College Cranwell - where he won The George Cross In January 1939 he was commanding No . 27 Squadron RAF at Kohat , India . During World War II McKechnie was a Group Commander based at RAF Metheringham with 106 Squadron from 11 November 1943 until his death . He was involved in The Battle of Berlin in which he flew in an Avro Lancaster that completed thirteen operations against Berlin and four other operations over Germany , when the plane was lost it had flown 638 . 05 hours . Their eighteenth , and final flight , on 29 August 1944 , was an operation over Königsberg where 106 Sqdn lost two planes , including McKechnie ' s , without trace . Those killed in action were : There is no known grave for McKechnie , or any members of his crew , but they are commemorated on Runnymede Memorial panel 200 , Surrey .
William Schaffner Captain William Schaffner ( born September 11 , 1941 - September 8 , 1970 ) was a pilot in the United States Air Force . He died in an incident in 1970 over the North Sea . Although unsubstantiated and in conflict with the official reports , UFO enthusiasts claim the incident was the result of contact with a UFO . September 1970 incident . In September 1970 , Captain Schaffner was an American exchange pilot flying BAC Lightning s with the RAF at RAF Binbrook in north - east Lincolnshire , England . Binbrook was one of the bases , along with RAF Coningsby ( which flew Phantom s ) , that was on Quick Reaction Alert . On the evening of September 8 , 1970 , an object was spotted over the North Sea by radar and he was on duty so took off to follow the object . His callsign was Foxtrot 94 . Further radar observation . The object was then tracked by the early warning station at RAF Fylingdales and by the USAF radar station at Thule Air Base in Greenland and the Cheyenne Mountain radar base in Colorado Springs , Colorado , USA . The Lightning planes were asked to return to their base in Leuchars , and the Phantom planes patrolled the area . At 21 . 30 , the object was picked up on radar again heading south - west over the north of Denmark . Two Lightning planes were scrambled from RAF Leuchars , to patrol to the north - east of Aberdeen , and two Lightning planes were scrambled from RAF Coltishall . The Strategic Air Command headquarters at Offutt Air Force Base near Omaha , Nebraska was informed of the incident as well as NORAD at Cheyenne Mountain . A Shackleton maritime plane that had been patrolling the Firth of Forth then circled the area around Flamborough Head . Contact with the object . Captain Schaffner , of 5 Squadron , took off from Binbrook in the Lightning plane " XS894 " at 22 . 06 . He had boarded the plane whilst its fuel tanks were still being filled . The plane was armed with two Red Top air - to - air missile s . The object was flying east of Whitby and parallel to the coast . It was tracked by RAF Staxton Wold in North Yorkshire . Removal of the crashed Lightning . Three weeks later , the plane was located on the sea bed . On October 7 , 1970 , Royal Navy divers located the plane . The plane was recovered from the sea three months later and was remarkably intact . The canopy was closed but there was no sign of the body of Captain Schaffner . The wreckage was taken back to RAF Binbrook for investigation . Normally this would have happened at the MOD Crash Investigation Branch , part of the Royal Aircraft Establishment ( now the Air Accidents Investigation Branch ) at Farnborough . Other incidents the same year . In the period of Autumn 1970 to Spring 1971 , UFOs were seen over the Lincolnshire coast around Cleethorpes . At RAF Donna Nook , a large ( 180 ft long ) UFO was seen hovering for many hours by RAF personnel and was accompanied by ' glass ball ' objects .
Battle of Kcynia The Battle of Kcynia took place on June 1 , 1656 , and was one of battles of the Swedish invasion of Poland . It resulted in a victory of Swedish forces , commanded by King Charles X Gustav and Adolph John I , Count Palatine of Kleeburg . In the spring of 1656 , Hetman Stefan Czarniecki carried out a raid in Swedish - occupied Greater Poland , in which he supported Polish guerilla forces . On May 20 , he left Uniejow , and headed northwards , to Royal Prussia , where his division joined local pospolite ruszenie , commanded by Voivode of Malbork Voivodeship , Jakub Weyher . Polish forces camped near Kcynia , feeling safe among the waters of the Notec river . Meanwhile , Count Adolph John entered Bydgoszcz ( May 26 ) . Czarniecki ’ s raid into Royal Prussia alarmed King Charles X Gustav , who at that time commanded the Siege of Danzig . Charles Gustav decided to act quickly , and in late May , he abandoned the siege , and together with his army marched southwards , reaching Bydgoszcz on May 31 , to meet Adolph John . On June 1 , after crossing the Notec near Rynarzewo , Swedes attacked Czarniecki ’ s camp , completely surprising Poles , whose units were scattered in the area . After an initial skirmish , the Poles began to flee , while Swedish soldiers advanced into the camp . Swedish victory was complete , the camp was destroyed , and several Polish officers were captured , including royal envoy , Jan Dominik Dzialynski . After the defeat , Czarniecki cancelled his Prussian plans , and following royal orders , marched to Warsaw .
Four - star rank A four - star rank is the rank of any four - star officer described by the NATO OF - 9 code . Four - star officers are often the most senior commanders in the armed services , having ranks such as ( full ) admiral , ( full ) general , or ( in the case of air forces with a separate rank structure ) air chief marshal . This designation is also used by some armed forces that are not NATO members . Australia . The four - star rank is reserved in Australia for the Chief of the Defence Force , the highest position in peace time . In times of major conflict , the highest ranks are the five - star rank s : admiral of the fleet , field marshal , and marshal of the Royal Australian Air Force . Canada . Four maple leaves appear with St . Edward ' s crown and crossed sabre and baton on epaulettes and shoulder boards . In Canada and when referring to Canadian officers , it is sometimes referred to as the " 4 - leaf " rank , rather than " four - star " . This is the highest rank that is defined in the Canadian Forces under the current National Defence Act Schedule . Usually , only one officer carries the rank of full admiral or general at any one time : the Chief of the Defence Staff . In exceptional circumstances , from time - to - time , the minister may authorize additional officers at that level , for instance , Canadian officers in the position of Chairman of the NATO Military Committee are usually former Chiefs of the Defence Staff seconded to NATO for that duty . The Head of State , Queen Elizabeth II , holds the position of Commander - in - Chief of the Canadian Forces , bearing no rank . Likewise , the Minister of National Defence , since he is not a member of the Canadian Forces , nor in the chain - of - command , also bears no rank . Prince Philip holds the four - star rank of admiral in the Royal Canadian Navy in an honorary capacity . Before unification in 1968 , the rank of air chief marshal was the four - star equivalent for the Royal Canadian Air Force . See also : See also :
Solomon Wren Solomon Wren — born in 1780 in Loudoun County , Virginia — enlisted in the United States Marine Corps at Alexandria , Virginia , on April 1 , 1799 . Assigned to the schooner " Enterprise " , Wren rose in rank and , by the end of 1803 , had been promoted to sergeant . In February 1804 , Sgt . Wren volunteered for the expedition mounted to destroy the frigate " Philadelphia " , captured by the Tripolitan pirates on October 31 , 1803 after grounding on an uncharted reef off Tripoli . Under the command of Lieutenant Stephen Decatur , Jr . , Wren and 68 other sailors and marines entered Tripoli harbor on the night of February 16 , in the ketch " Intrepid " and succeeded in setting fire to the former American ship . Later that year , on August 3 , Sgt . Wren was slightly wounded while assigned to " Gunboat No . 4 " during another attack on Tripoli . On September 20 , he transferred to the frigate " John Adams " and returned home . He was detached from the Marine Corps on March 24 , 1805 , and no further record of his life has been found . Namesake . In 1944 , the destroyer USS " Wren " ( DD - 568 ) was named in his honor . = Reference = =
Doterel - class sloop The " Doterel " class was a Royal Navy class of screw - driven sloop s . They were of composite construction , with wooden hulls over an iron frame . They were a revised version of an 1874 design by the Royal Navy ' s Chief Constructor , William Henry White , the . Two of the class were lost , one to an explosion off Chile and one wrecked off Canada . " Gannet " is preserved at Chatham Historic Dockyard . Design . The Nathaniel Barnaby design was a development of William Henry White ' s 1874 . The graceful clipper bow of the " Opsrey " s was replaced by a vertical stem and the engines were more powerful . They were of composite construction , with wooden hulls over an iron frame . Propulsion . Power was provided by three cylindrical boilers , which supplied steam at to a two - cylinder horizontal compound - expansion steam engine driving a single screw . This arrangement produced and a top speed of between . Armament . They were armed with two 7 - inch ( 90cwt ) muzzle - loading rifled guns on pivoting mounts , and four 64 - pounder muzzle - loading rifled guns ( two on pivoting mounts , and two broadside ) . Four machine guns and one light gun completed the weaponry . Sail plan . All the ships of the class were provided with a barque rig , that is , square - rigged foremast and mainmast , and fore - and aft sails only on the mizzen mast . Crew . They had a complement of approximately 140 men .
Arrow - class gunvessel The " Arrow " class comprised six second - class screw - driven vessels built as despatch vessels for the Royal Navy in 1854 , mounting 6 guns . In 1856 they were redesignated as second - class gunvessels . Construction . Design . The Crimean War sparked a sudden need for shallow - draught , manoeuvrable vessels for inshore work in the Baltic and the Black Sea . The " Arrow " class of six wooden - hulled screw steamers were built during 1854 to a design by the Surveyor ’ s Department . Construction was undertaken at two commercial yards on the Thames , R & H Green at Blackwall Yard and C J Mare & Company , at Leamouth . Two further designs of Crimean War gunvessel were ordered during 1855 , the " Intrepid " class and the " Vigilant " class , and in 1856 the six " Arrow " - class despatch vessels were re - classed as second - class gunvessels . Propulsion . A two - cylinder horizontal single expansion steam engine provided through a single screw . Sail Plan . All " Arrow " - class gunvessels were barque - rigged . Armament . The " Arrow " class were provided with two 68 - pounder Lancaster muzzle - loading rifles weighing on pivot mounts , and four 32 - pounder guns . Operational Lives . " Wrangler " was sent to the Baltic on completion , and the others of the class to the Black Sea where they took part in the Crimean War . The Lancaster guns were not entirely successful and the class had their armament reduced , being employed in their original designation as despatch vessels .
Treaty of Passarowitz The Treaty of Passarowitz or Treaty of Požarevac was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac ( Serbian Cyrillic : , , ) , a town in Ottoman Empire ( today Serbia ) , on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria and the Republic of Venice on the other . During the years 1714 – 18 , the Ottomans had been successful against Venice in Greece and Crete , in the Ottoman – Venetian War . But , in the Austro - Turkish War of 1716 – 1718 , they had been defeated at Petrovaradin ( 1716 ) by the Austrian troops of Prince Eugene of Savoy . The treaty reflected the military situation . The Ottoman Empire lost the Banat and southeastern Syrmia , central part of present - day Serbia ( from Belgrade to south of Kruševac ) , a tiny strip of northern Bosnia and Lesser Wallachia ( Oltenia ) to Austria . Venice renounced the Peloponnese peninsula ( known as the Morea at the time ) , gained by the Treaty of Karlowitz , as well as its last remaining outposts in Crete , retaining only the Ionian Islands ( with Ottoman - occupied Kythera added to them ) and the cities of Preveza and Arta on the Epirote mainland . In Dalmatia , it made some small advances , taking the areas of Sinj , Imotski and Vrgorac in the hinterland . The result of the treaty was the restoration of Habsburg administration over much of the territory of present - day Serbia , which they had temporarily occupied during the Great Turkish War between 1688 and 1699 , and the effective establishment of the Kingdom of Serbia as a crown land . Following Passarowitz , a Habsburg crown land known as the Banat of Temeswar was also established . After another Austro - Turkish war , in the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade the Ottoman Empire regained northern Bosnia , Habsburg Serbia ( including Belgrade ) , southern parts of the Banat of Temeswar and Lesser Wallachia .
USAHS Acadia USAHS " Acadia " was a US Army Hospital Ship during World War II . Built in 1932 by Newport News Shipbuilding as a civilian passenger / cargo ocean liner for the Eastern Steamship Lines , the vessel was in US coastal and Caribbean service prior to its acquisition by the US Maritime Administration in 1941 . Eastern Steamship Lines service . SS " Acadia " , along with her sister ship the SS " St . John " , entered US coastal service for the Eastern Steamship Lines in 1932 , originally in New York - Yarmouth coastal service with some one way passages for New York - Yarmouth - Halifax or Saint John . From 1938 - 1940 the vessel route was shifted to New York - Bermuda or Nassau service . In 1939 , the vessel was chartered to the United States Lines for one voyage . in order to return American citizens from Europe . On October 8 , 1941 the vessel was chartered to the United States Maritime Commission and operated by other shipping lines as agents for the Commission . On April 29 , 1942 , the vessel was assigned to the Army Transport Service of the War Department . Its first voyage was the transportation of diplomats from South American countries . Upon completion of that voyage , the vessel was sent by the government to a shipyard in Boston to be converted for troop transport and hospital service . US Army service . The vessel was initially fitted out as a troop transport and ambulance ship designated USAT " Acadia " . On October 16 , 1942 , she embarked on this dual service under the control of the Army Transport Service . Private Martin Lipschultz , member of the ship ' s 204th Medical Hospital Ship Company , described the arrangements : This dual usage of " Acadia " for outbound troops and inbound patients however left her vulnerable to enemy attack while hospital ships , plainly marked and operated under the terms of the Hague Convention , were protected . By mid - 1943 more new - built ships were becoming available for transport service and " Acadia " became the first U . S . Army Hospital Ship of WW2 , the USAHS Acadia . " Acadia " could transport 788 patients and carried three surgical teams . Her maiden voyage as a hospital ship was 5 June 1943 . She served in the Italian Campaign in 1943 and in the North African Campaign . Post - War service . On February 7 , 1946 , she was decommissioned as a hospital ship and converted for the carriage of dependents of service personnel and troops returning to the United States . This transport service continued until February 15 , 1947 . Under the agreements in place at that time between US ship owners and the Maritime Administration , the US government was to restore a vessel to its pre - war condition or reimburse the owner for necessary repairs . Between February and July 1947 , the Maritime Administration and Eastern Steamship could not reach agreement on the required repairs and the dispute eventually lead to Eastern Steamship filing a lawsuit under the Shipping Act of 1916 on May 20 , 1948 . The vessel remained out of service during the litigation and appeal process and was eventually scrapped in 1955 .
Büssing A5P The Bussing A5P was an armoured car produced in Germany during World War I . History . The Büssing company received its first orders of military vehicle s in 1910 , producing artillery tractor s and supply trailers . In November 1914 , Bussing was requested to develop an armoured car with all - wheel drive . In 1916 , the A5P began production . Its powerplant was Bussing ' s successful 6 - cylinder truck engines . It had a large steel armoured body and was crewed by 10 men . 6 of the crew operated three 7 . 92 mm machine gun s , usually the MG 08 or MG 15 nA . Some vehicles even received two 20 mm cannon . The A5P served on the Eastern Front until 1917 . It was produced in limited numbers .
Enlisted rank An enlisted rank ( also known as an enlisted grade or enlisted rate ) is , in most militaries , any rank below that of a commissioned officer . The term can also be inclusive of non - commissioned officer s or warrant officer s . In most cases , enlisted service personnel perform jobs specific to their own occupational specialty , as opposed to the more generalized command responsibilities of commissioned officers . British Armed Forces . In the British Armed Forces and the armed force of other Commonwealth countries ( except Canada ) , the equivalent term in respect of armies and air forces is Other Rank ( or OR for short ) , while navies use the term rating . Canadian Forces . In the Canadian Forces , the term non - commissioned member ( NCM ) is used . North Atlantic Treaty Organization . In the " standard rank scale " maintained by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , non - commissioned ranks are coded OR1 – OR9 ( bottom to top ) , OR being an abbreviation for Other Ranks . United States Armed Forces . The five branches all use the same " E - " designation for enlisted pay grades , with service - specific names applied to each ( e . g . , Chief Petty Officer , Master Gunnery Sergeant , Private First Class ) . Each branch incorporates it as part of a service member ' s job specialty designator . In the United States Air Force , this job specialty designator is known as an Air Force Specialty Code , in the United States Army and United States Marine Corps , a Military Occupational Specialty , and in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard , a naval rating .
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 11 Launch Complex 11 ( LC - 11 ) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida , is a launch complex used by Atlas missiles between 1958 and 1964 . It is the southernmost of the launch pads known as missile row . When it was built , it , along with complexes 12 , 13 and 14 , featured a more robust design than many contemporary pads , due to the greater power of the Atlas compared to other rockets of the time . It was larger , and featured a tall concrete launch pedestal , and a reinforced blockhouse . The rockets were delivered to the launch pad by a ramp on the southwest side of the launch pedestal . Thirty - two Atlas B , D , E and F missiles were launched on suborbital test flights from LC - 11 . The first launch to use the complex was Atlas 3B , the first full - duration flight of an Atlas B , which was launched on 19 July 1958 . In addition to the suborbital tests , one orbit al launch was conducted from the complex . On 18 November 1958 , Atlas 10B launched SCORE , the world ' s first communications satellite into low Earth orbit . Following the end of Atlas testing at Cape Canaveral , LC - 11 was the only one of the four Atlas pads not to be reused by the Atlas - Agena , and hence was first of the four pads to be deactivated . Following deactivation , the mobile service tower and support equipment were dismantled , and the site is no longer maintained .
Heinrich Lübbe Heinrich Lübbe ( 12 January 1884 , Nienburg , Province of Hanover – 14 March 1940 ) was a German engineer working for Dutch aircraft designer Anthony Fokker during the First World War , devised the pioneering " Stangensteuerung " gun synchronizer which enabled a machine gun to fire through the arc of a fighter aircraft ' s propeller without the bullets striking the propeller ' s blades . It was first fitted to " Leutnant " Otto Parschau ' s Fokker A . III bearing IdFlieg military serial number A . 16 / 15 in the late spring of 1915 , to create the prototype of the entire line of Fokker Eindecker single - seat fighters to come . In 1921 Lübbe purchased the bankrupt Friedrichshafen naval yards which had manufactured aircraft during the war . In 1925 he renamed the company Arado but his refusal to join the Nazi Party in 1936 led to his removal when Arado was nationalized .