naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Camanche ( ACM - 11 ) Camanche " ( ACM - 11 / MMA - 11 ) was the name given in 1955 to the former U . S . Army Mine Planter ( USAMP ) Brigadier General Royal T . Frank " ( MP - 12 ) while in naval inactive reserve more than ten years after acquisition of the ship by Navy from the Army in 1944 . The ship had previously been classified by the Navy as an Auxiliary Mine Layer ( ACM ) and then Minelayer , Auxiliary ( MMA ) . The ship was never commissioned by Navy and thus never bore the " USS " prefix . Construction . The ship was laid down as Hull Number 485 and launched in 1942 by Marietta Manufacturing Co . , Point Pleasant , West Virginia for the U . S . Army Mine Planter Service as the USAMP " Brigadier General Royal T . Frank " ( MP - 12 ) . She was the second Army mine planter named for the Civil War era officer with the fist , built 1909 , being converted to an inter island transport in Hawaii operating as the U . S . A . T . " Royal T . Frank " which was sunk by torpedo from the Japanese submarine " I - 171 " on 9 January 1942 while carrying Army recruits with the loss of thirty - three lives . U . S . Army Coast Artillery Corps Service . The " Frank ' s " embarked crew was , in Army terminology implemented November 1942 , designated the 19th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery stationed at Fort Miles , Delaware . The 19th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery was activated 28 November 1942 at Fort Hancock , New York and was directed to Point Pleasant , West Virginia to man the USAMP " Brigadier General Royal T . Frank " ( MP - 12 ) which on 1 April 1943 was assigned to Fort Miles guarding the entrance to Delaware Bay . There the ship and battery joined the 12th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery embarked in USAMP " 1st Lt . William G . Sylvester " ( MP - 5 ) for the maintenance of the mine fields which during that year were being changed from the M3 Buoyant Mines to 455 mines of the much more powerful M4 Ground Mine type carrying a 3000 pound TNT charge planted in thirty - five groups of thirteen mines each . The ship ' s cable capability was to be used not only to maintain the mine control cables but the three hydrphone sets and the indicator loops acting as sensors in the approaches to the mine field . Inactive Naval Service . Upon acquisition in 1944 the Navy renamed the Auxiliary Mine Layer " ACM - 11 " and , upon reclassification to Minelayer , Auxiliary on 7 February 1955 , " MMA - 11 " . On 1 May 1955 the name " Camanche " was given the vessel . The name had previously been used for an 1863 / 1864 monitor . As the lead ship of the second group of Army mine planters transferred to Navy the ship gave its name to the " Camanche " - class auxiliary mine layers that , with the single exception of the " Miantonomah " ( ACM - 13 / MMA - 13 ) , were immediately placed in reserve and never commissioned , converted or deployed . The ship was sold in 1948 to become the " Pilgrim " and later the " Cape Cod " .
Shence Army The Shence Army ( ) was a Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 ) Chinese army unit based in Chang ’ an City which formed the primary imperial guard responsible for protecting the emperor . It was set up in 754 CE by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and placed under the command of Longyou Military Governor ( 隴右節度使 ) Geshu Han . Headquartered to the west of Lintao County , Gansu Province at Mohuan Chuan ( 磨環川 ) ( south east of modern day Lintan County ) , the Shence ’ s role was to defend the border with Tufan . Operational history . During the An Shi Rebellion ( 755 – 763 ) , General Wei Boyu ( 卫伯玉 / 衛伯玉 ) and 1 , 000 of his Shence troops were dispatched to assist the embattled central authorities . Thereafter Wei Boyu defended the area around Sanmenxia where troops from Tufan had already occupied Lintao County . At the same time Yu Chao ' en was appointed Army Censor ( 监军 / 監軍 ) by the imperial court and later commanded the Shence Army . In 763 CE Tubo attacked Chang ' an whereupon Emperor Daizong of Tang fled to Sanmenxia . Yu Chao ’ en ’ s army and the Sanmenxia armies combined and were collectively referred to as the Shence Army . When Daizong later returned to the capital , the Shence Army became one of the imperial guard units and gradually increased in strength . Because pay and conditions for the soldiers of the Shence Army were relatively good , a gradual succession of other imperial guard units gradually joined its ranks . By the time Emperor Dezong of Tang ascended the throne the force had grown to contain 150 , 000 troops and was the main military power in both Chang ’ an and the surrounding Guanzhong Plain . After Zhu Ci ' s rebellion in 784 CE , command of the Shence Army was handed over to the court eunuchs for whom it became the emperor ’ s primary military tool . When Xuānzong ascended the throne Ma Yuanzhi ( 马元贽 / 馬元贄 ) was given command of the Shence Army Under succeeding Emperor Shunzong of Tang , court official Wang Shuwen unsuccessfully tried to wrest control of the army from the eunuchs , thereafter in the final years of the Tang Dynasty the Shence Army became riddled with corruption and its power declined . Under Emperor Xizong of Tang ( r . 873 – 888 ) the Shence Army was totally routed during the Huang Chao Rebellion Whilst the emperor fled to the Xichuan Circuit ( 西川路 ) headquartered in modern day Chengdu , Sichuan Province , eunuch Tian Lingzi raised a new Shengce Army . The unit was finally disbanded in 903 CE when Zhu Wen , founder of the Later Liang Dynasty murdered all the palace eunuchs in Chang ’ an .
1st Motor Brigade ( Australia ) The 1st Motor Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army during World War II . The brigade was converted in April 1942 , from the 1st Cavalry Brigade . The brigade was assigned to the 5th Division on formation , then transferred to the 1st Motor Division in September 1942 , and transferred again in November 1942 , to the 3rd Armoured Division . The brigade was disbanded in July 1943 , and did not see any active service . Brigade units . All units that served with the brigade during the war .
Jeremiah O ' Brien Captain Jeremiah O ’ Brien ( 1744 – 1818 ) was a captain in the Massachusetts State Navy . Prior to its existence ( or that of the Continental Navy ) , he commanded the sloop " Unity " when she captured the British armed schooner HMS " Margaretta " in the Battle of Machias , the first naval battle of the American Revolutionary War . Early life . Jeremiah was the eldest son of Morrie and Mary O ' Brien . He was born at Kittery , Maine 1744 . His family moved to Scarborough , Maine and settled in Machias , Maine in the 1760s to engage in lumbering . Maine was a part of Massachusetts at the time . American Revolution . Reports of the battles of Lexington and Concord reached Machias in early May 1775 . Benjamin Foster rallied Machias residents at Job Burnham ' s tavern and erected a liberty pole . Machias merchant captain Ichabod Jones sailed his ships " Unity " and " Polly " to Boston with a cargo of lumber and purchased food for sale in Machias . British troops encouraged Jones to deliver another cargo of lumber for construction of their barracks in Boston . Admiral Samuel Graves ordered HMS " Margaretta " , under the command of James Moore , to accompany Jones ' ships to discourage interference from Machias rebels . When the ships reached Machias on 2 June 1775 , James Moore ordered the liberty pole removed ; and Machias townspeople refused to load the lumber . Foster plotted to capture the British officers when they attended church on 11 June , but the British avoided capture and retreated downriver aboard " Margaretta " . On 12 June Foster pursued " Margaretta " aboard the packet boat " Falmouth " . After " Falmouth " ran aground , O ' Brien and his five brothers , Gideon , John , William , Dennis and Joseph , seized the " Unity " . Under the command of Jeremiah O ’ Brien , thirty - one townsmen sailed aboard " Unity " armed with guns , swords , axes , and pitch forks and captured " Margaretta " in an hour - long battle after " Margaretta " had threatened to bombard the town . John O ' Brien jumped aboard " Margaretta " as the two ships closed , but was forced to jump overboard by the British crew . After rescuing John , " Unity " again closed " Margaretta " until their rigging became entangled . " Unity " was bombarded by grenade s from the British ship , but " Margaretta " surrendered after James Moore was mortally wounded . This battle is often considered the first time British colors were struck to those of the United States , even though the Continental Navy did not exist at the time . The United States Merchant Marine claims " Unity " as its member and this incident as their beginning . O ' Brien continued as the captain of " Unity " , renamed " Machias Liberty " , for two years , and received the first captain ' s commission in the Massachusetts State Navy in 1775 . Later life . President James Madison appointed O ' Brien as the federal customs collector for the port of Machias in 1811 , and he held the position until his death in 1818 .
Twelfth United States Army Group The Twelfth United States Army Group was the largest and most powerful United States Army formation ever to take to the field . It controlled the majority of American forces on the Western Front in 1944 and 1945 . It was commanded by General Omar Bradley with its headquarters established in London on 14 July 1944 . Bradley ' s First United States Army , which later formed part of the Twelfth Army Group , formed the right wing of the Allied lines during the Normandy landings and the Battle of Normandy . They were joined during July by the Third United States Army , under the command of General George Patton . Until September , when General Eisenhower assumed overall command of the Allied land forces in Northwest Europe , the U . S . forces in Normandy were included with the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army in the British headquarters formation 21st Army Group , commanded by General Montgomery . After the breakout from the beach - head at Normandy , the Twelfth Army Group formed the center of the Allied forces on the Western Front . To the north was the British 21st Army Group ( the 2 aforementioned field armies ) and , to the south , advancing from their landing on the Mediterranean coast , was the Sixth United States Army Group ( Seventh United States Army and French First Army ) . As the Twelfth advanced through Germany in 1945 , it controlled four field armies : First United States Army , Third United States Army , Ninth United States Army and Fifteenth United States Army . By V - E Day , the Twelfth Army Group was a force that numbered over 1 . 3 million men . References and notes . I
Republic of Connacht The Irish Republic , more commonly referred to as the Republic of Connacht ( sometimes spelt Connaught ) , was a short - lived French client republic established by the French Revolutionary Army and United Irishmen during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 . It lasted for about 12 days , from 27 August to 8 September , and comprised the northern part of the province of Connacht in Ireland . Proclamation . Below is an excerpt from the proclamation of General Jean Humbert , the French General who led the French and Irish armed forces in the short - lived Republic . The proclamation was made on 22 August 1798 , the day the General first landed in County Mayo , Ireland : The above decree refers to an Irish Republic , not a Republic of Connacht . Hence , strictly speaking , it appears to be incorrect to refer to any formal establishment of a " Republic of Connacht " . Instead , an " Irish Republic " had been proclaimed . On 31 August 1798 , General Humbert proclaimed the establishment of a government for one of the provinces of the Irish Republic : Connacht . Humbert also chose John Moore as the President of the Government of the Province of Connacht . Nevertheless , as civil or political appointments were not made for any other province except Connacht , the " Republic of Connacht " is the name that has long been commonly used . Overview . There was little effective government , given the state ' s brief and troubled existence . Whether it was ever recognised by France is unknown : the French supported the United Irish who aimed to establish an island - wide republic . Some of the main events in the short lived Republic were the following : Although achieving a spectacular victory at Castlebar , the losses of the French and Irish were high . They lost approximately 150 men , mostly to the cannonade at the start of the battle . The British suffered over 350 casualties of which about 80 were killed , the rest either wounded or captured , including perhaps 150 who joined the rebels . Following the victory , thousands of volunteers flocked to join the French , who also sent a request to France for reinforcements . Ultimately defeated by Cornwallis at the Battle of Ballinamuck , the republic ceased to exist and the Kingdom of Ireland was later absorbed into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 . Though seemingly an anecdotal episode in modern Irish and British history , it was remembered locally as a landmark event , where 1798 is often referred to as " The Year of the French " .
3rd Colonial Infantry Division ( France ) The 3rd Colonial Infantry Division ( ) was a division of the French Marine Forces , comprising both French and colonial troops . The " compagnie franches de la mer " or French Marines were created in 1622 by Richelieu , and placed under the Ministry of the Navy in the early 19th century . These were reorganized into " régiments d ' infanterie coloniale " in 1900 and placed under the Ministry of War . In 1958 , all Colonial Infantry Regiments were retitled " French Marines " , also known as the RIMa . The 3rd Colonial Infantry Division fought in the First and Second world wars . World War I . Composition . As part of the French 1st Colonial Corps ( ) , at various times it was part of the French First Army , French Second Army , French Third Army , French Fourth Army , French Fifth Army , French Sixth Army , French Seventh Army , French Eighth Army and French Tenth Army . Engagements . 1914 : The division fought in the Battle of the Ardennes ( where it lost roughly 11 , 000 men out of a contingent of 15 , 000 ) , the Battle of the Meuse , the First Battle of the Marne and the First Battle of Champagne . 1915 : Many small engagements , plus the Second Battle of Champagne . 1916 : The Battle of the Somme ( twice ) . 1917 : The Second Battle of the Aisne , and many small engagements . 1918 : The Third Battle of the Aisne , the 4th Battle of Champagne , the Second Battle of the Marne , and many minor engagements until the end of the war .
David Fraser ( British Army officer ) General Sir David William Fraser , GCB , OBE ( 30 December 1920 – 15 July 2012 ) was a British Army officer who became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies . Early life . Fraser was born on 30 December 1920 . He was the son of Brigadier the Hon . William Fraser , the younger son of the 19th Lord Saltoun , and Pamela Maude , widow of Billy Congreve a Victoria Cross recipient and daughter of actors Cyril Maude and Winifred Emery . He was educated at Eton College . He left school to join the British Army but was refused . Instead , in January 1940 , he matriculated at Christ Church , Oxford . Military career . While studying at the University of Oxford , Fraser joined the Home Defence Force . In October 1940 , he was training at the Guards ' Depot in Caterham , Surrey . He was streamlined during training before taking an intensive four - month course at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . He was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards as a second lieutenant on 4 April 1941 . He was given the service number 184424 . His first posting was as a troop commander in the 2nd Battalion , 5th Guards Armoured Brigade , part of the Guards Armoured Division . In the last two years of World War II , he was involved in the North West Europe Campaign . He finished the war as a war substantive lieutenant . On 27 February 1946 , his promotion to lieutenant was confirmed with seniority from 30 June 1943 . On 30 December 1947 , he was promoted to captain . He served as a company commander in the 3rd Battalion , Grenadier Guards in the Malayan Emergency of 1948 . Having attended Staff College , he was promoted to major on 30 December 1954 . He was involved in the Suez Crisis in 1956 and the Cyprus Emergency in 1958 . He was made a brevet lieutenant colonel on 1 July 1959 . On 6 June 1960 , he was promoted to that rank . From December 1966 to 1969 , he was posted to the Ministry of Defence as Director of Defence Policy ( Army ) . He was appointed General Officer Commanding 4th Division in 1969 , and Assistant Chief of Defence Staff ( Policy ) in 1971 . He was Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff from April 1973 to August 1975 . He went on to be UK Military Representative to NATO in 1975 , and Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1977 before retiring in 1980 . He was appointed KCB in 1973 and GCB in 1980 . Later life . Fraser was president of the Society for Army Historical Research from 1980 to 1993 . Personal life . In 1947 he married Anne Balfour - Fraser but they divorced in 1952 ; they had one daughter ( Antonia Isabella Fraser ) . In 1957 he married Julia Frances Oldridge de la Hey ; they had two sons ( Alexander James Fraser and Simon William Fraser ) and two daughters ( Lucy Caroline Fraser and Arabella Katherine Fraser ) . Honours and decorations . In the 1962 New Year Honours , Fraser was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) . Books . He was the author of 21 books :
Albert Lindley Lee Albert Lindley Lee ( January 16 , 1834 – December 13 , 1907 ) was a lawyer , Kansas State Supreme Court Judge , and Union general in the American Civil War . Early life and career . Albert Lee was born in Fulton , New York . His parents were Moses Lee and Ann ( Case ) Lee . Lee was educated at Union College , and graduated in 1853 . He was admitted into the bar and practiced in New York . In 1858 , Lee moved to Kansas . When he arrived he became one of the founders of the Elwood Free Press . In 1859 , he was elected a district judge , and when the American Civil War began Lee was serving as a justice on the Kansas Supreme Court . Civil War and later life . At the outbreak of the Civil War , Lee joined the Union Army . Lee became a major in the 7th Kansas Cavalry , in October 1861 . He was promoted to colonel of the regiment and took part in Henry W . Halleck ' s capture of Corinth , Mississippi . Shortly after the fall of that city , Lee commanded the 2nd Brigade in the Cavalry Division of the Army of the Mississippi and participated in the battle of Corinth . On November 29 , 1862 he received a promotion to brigadier general in the Volunteer Army . He continued leading cavalry brigades in the Army of the Tennessee before he was appointed Chief - of - Staff to the XIII Corps under Maj . Gen . John A . McClernand . Lee served as chief - of - staff through much of the Vicksburg campaign , serving at the battles of Port Gibson , Champion Hill and Big Black River . During the fighting at the Big Black River , Peter J . Osterhaus was wounded and Lee was chosen to take his place in command of the 9th Division , XIII Corps . Lee ' s first infantry command was short lived as Osterhaus was able to resume command the following day . However , the commander of the 9th Division ' s 1st Brigade , Theophilus T . Garrard , went on sick leave the same day and Lee assumed command his brigade just in time to lead it into action during the May 19 assault on Vicksburg . During the assault Lee was wounded in the head and turned over command of the brigade . He sat out the rest of the siege recovering from wounds until late in the summer when he returned to division command in the XIII Corps . In August 1864 he was placed in command of the Cavalry Division of the Department of the Gulf . He led the cavalry forces during Nathaniel P . Banks ' Red River Campaign . In the last month of the war , he led a raid against Clinton near Baton Rouge , Louisiana , and defeated a weak Confederate force there . Lee resigned from the army on May 4 , 1865 . After his resignation , Lee became an editor for a New Orleans newspaper . He then became a banker , and did business in New York . He stayed involved in the Republican Party , throughout his life . He died in New York City , on December 31 , 1907 .
Firebase Fiddler ' s Green Fiddler ' s Green is an expeditionary fire base in Afghanistan built by the United States Marine Corps . It is located off Route 605 in Nawa - I - Barakzayi District of Helmand Province . It was originally built by the 3d Battalion , 11th Marines in 2009 for Operation Strike of the Sword .
South Dakota World War II Army Airfields During World War II , the United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) established numerous airfields in South Dakota for training pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers . Most of these airfields were under the command of Second Air Force or the Army Air Forces Training Command ( AAFTC ) ( A predecessor of the current - day United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command ) . However the other USAAF support commands ( Air Technical Service Command ( ATSC ) ; Air Transport Command ( ATC ) or Troop Carrier Command ) commanded a significant number of airfields in a support roles . It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields . Many were converted into municipal airports , some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front - line bases during the Cold War . Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today , and are being used for other purposes . Major Airfields . Air Technical Service Command Second Air Force Personnel Distribution Command Army Air Force Training Command
USS Cabot ( 1775 ) The first USS " Cabot " of the United States was a 14 - gun brig , one of the first ships of the Continental Navy , and the first to be captured in the American Revolutionary War . The brig was purchased in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , during November 1775 , outfitted there by Wharton and Humphreys , and placed under the command of Captain J . B . Hopkins . Sailing with Commodore Esek Hopkins ' fleet , " Cabot " joined in the expedition against the Bahamas in March 1776 , taking part in the amphibious operations against New Providence on 3 March . By this bold stroke , men of the fleet seized large quantities of desperately needed military supplies which they carried back to the Continental Army . Upon the return of the fleet north , " Cabot " was first to fire in the engagement with HMS " Glasgow " on 6 April . The next month , she made a short cruise off the New England coast , during which she took her first prize . In September and October , again sailing in New England waters , she seized six more prizes . " Cabot " stood out of Boston in March 1777 , and later in the month , encountered HMS " Milford " ( 32 ) . The vastly more powerful British ship chased " Cabot " and forced her ashore in Nova Scotia . While " Cabot < nowiki > ' < / nowiki > s " captain and crew escaped unharmed , the British were later able to get the brig off , and refitted her for service in the Royal Navy . She stands out as the first American armed vessel to engage an enemy . According to Brigadier General Edwin H . Simmons ' research , the act was initiated by a Continental Marine in the tops of the Cabot throwing a hand grenade at the feet of the British officer , who at that point was still waiting for a reply from the American vessel .
Dessauer Marsch The Dessauer Marsch ( Armeemarsch I , 1b ) is a slow infantry march . It is believed that the march originated from Italy . The melody of a folk song was played for Leopold I , Prince of Anhalt - Dessau after the Battle of Cassano ( 1705 ) . He enjoyed the song so much , that by the time of the Battle of Turin ( 1706 ) the march was played at his entrance to the city . One of the Dessauer Marsch ' s most distinctive features is its elaborate trumpet solos . Up until World War I , the march was the presentation march of the Infantry Regiment Fürst Leopold von Anhalt - Dessau No . 26 .