naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
James Bell ( Medal of Honor ) James Joseph Bell ( July 1 , 1845 – June 1 , 1901 ) was a United States Army soldier received the Medal of Honor during the Indian Wars . His name is sometimes incorrectly given as James M . Bell . Early years . James Bell was born in County Antrim , Ireland in June 1845 ( his gravestone says July 1 , 1845 ) . He came to the U . S . in 1866 , working initially as a laborer . On July 9 , 1870 , he enlisted in the U . S . Army and was assigned to Company E Seventh Infantry . He reenlisted five years later . The Great Sioux War of 1876 - 77 . In March 1876 , Company E Seventh Infantry , commanded by Captain Walter Clifford , departed their station at Camp Baker , Montana , to join General John Gibbon in preparation to launching against the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne who had refused to come into the reservations . The company arrived at Fort Ellis near Bozeman where other troops were gathering . In April , the column departed , heading east along the Yellowstone River and finally meeting up with General Alfred Terry ' s column in early June . After Lieutenant Colonel George Custer ' s column broke off heading up the Rosebud , the Terry - Gibbon column marched up the Yellowstone and then turned up the Rosebud River . They arrived at the tragic scene of the Battle of the Little Bighorn two days after Custer and his men had lost their lives . On July 9 , 1876 , General Terry called for volunteers to carry a message to General George Crook about the Custer disaster and to offering to coordinate their columns against the hostile Indians . To accomplish this dangerous mission through hostile country , three privates from Captain Clifford ' s company volunteered to carry the message : Bell , William Evans , and Benjamin F . Stewart . It took the soldiers three days to make their way to General Crook ' s camp near present - day Sheridan , Wyoming . For their bravery , all three soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor on December 2 , 1876 . The citation reads " Carried dispatches to Gen . Crook at the imminent risk of his life . " Later life . Private Bell was promoted to sergeant and spent the remainder of his professional life in the Army , serving eight enlistments in all . He was married in 1888 and had one son , born at Fort Logan in 1897 . Bell returned to Chicago where he died on July 1 , 1901 . He was buried in the Mount Olivet Cemetery in Chicago . Note . Private Bell should not to be confused with two - time Medal of Honor recipient James Franklin Bell who later obtained the rank of Major General or with Sergeant James B . Bell of the 11th Ohio Infantry , who was awarded his medal during the Civil War
Einstossflammenwerfer 46 The " Einstossflammenwerfer " 46 was a flamethrower designed in Germany during the second half of World War II and introduced in 1944 ; it was engineered to be both cheap and easily mass - produced . The disposable weapon fired a half - second burst of flame of up to . It was issued to the " Volkssturm " or the " Werwolf " movement , but also used by the " Fallschirmjäger " ( German paratroopers ) .
Finnish gunboat Karjala Karjala ( ex - " Filin " ) was a Finnish gunboat , built in 1918 by Crichton AB in Turku . She served in the Finnish Navy during World War II . " Karjala " was named after the Finnic cultural region of Karelia . Like her sistership " Turunmaa " she served as cadet training vessel during peacetime and was nicknamed as " Kurjala " ( place of misery ) by cadets . Interwar period . From summer of 1919 " Karjala " amongst other Finnish naval vessels was tasked with security and patrol duties the Koivisto region where the British naval detachment was located . During prohibition in Finland in 1925 some illegal alcohol had been smuggled onboard " Karjala " by cadets . Some of the alcohol was spilled to a nearby lantern which ignited the liquid resulting in an explosion which injured several cadets . Event became known as the ' second blast of Karelia ' after the Viborg blast of 1495 . On 4 September 1939 " Karjala " as part of the Coastal Fleet was moved to the Sea of Åland . However as " Karjala " was replaced by the ship sailed to Kotka already on 18 September . For the rest of the autumn " Karjala " patrolled the waters from Kotka to Koivisto together with " Turunmaa " . Winter War . On 4 December 1939 had Finnish coastal facilities at Koivisto saw lights moving in the sea . This appeared to be minesweeping effort for two days later group of Soviet destroyers sailed in to shell Finnish coastal facilities . On 7 December 1939 " Karjala " was sent to tow along with three motor torpedo boats to Koivisto both to lay mines and to intercept the Soviet ships . Detachment however did not succeed in either of its goals . On 4 January 1940 " Karjala " arrived to Åland to join with the Coastal Fleet . She participated in anti - submarine patrols which continued until the sea froze on 30 January . Continuation War . On 29 August " Karjala " together with her sister ship , and gunboats and were escorted by and through the main Soviet minebarrier south of Hanko to the eastern Gulf of Finland . While returning with " Uusimaa " from escorting a troop ship on 3 September " Karjala " was bombed by German Heinkel He 111 bomber near Koivisto . Though the aircraft scored no direct hits the shocks from several near - misses forced " Karjala " to undergo repairs at a shipyard . On 29 October " Karjala " which had just returned from repairs joined with " Turunmaa " in shelling the island of Sommers where Finnish landing attempt had previously been turned back . Most of the war " Karjala " like other Finnish gunboats was tasked with guarding of the minebarriers north - east of Hogland and performing anti - submarine patrols in the same region . However when it became apparent on 12 July 1942 that Soviet submarines had managed to bypass the minebarrier " Karjala " was sent to strengthen the escorts protecting the shipping between Sweden and Finland .
112th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 112th Brigade was a formation of the British Army during the First World War . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 37th Division . The brigade was also attached to the 34th Division from July to August 1916 .
William Moore ( British Army officer ) Major - General William ( ' Bill ' ) Hewitt Moore CBE is a British Army officer who served as Master - General of the Ordnance . Military career . Moore was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1977 . He was appointed Commanding Officer of 7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery in 1996 . He became Colonel Force Development in the Directorate General of Doctrine and Development in 1998 and operational commander for the Sierra Leone Armed Forces in 2001 before becoming Commander of 19th Mechanized Brigade in December 2001 prior to the Brigade ' s deployment to Iraq in 2003 . He went on to be Director of Equipment Capability ( Ground Manoeuvre ) at the Ministry of Defence in 2004 , Director General Logistics , Support and Equipment at HQ Land Forces in 2007 and Deputy Commanding General for the Multi - National Corps – Iraq in 2009 . He became Director of Battlefield Manoeuvre and Master - General of the Ordnance in 2010 . Family . He is married to Jane ; they have two sons . References .
Main battery Generally used only in the terms of naval warfare , the main battery is the primary weapon around which a ship was designed . " Battery " is in itself a common term in the military science of artillery . For example , the United States Navy battleship USS " Washington " had a main battery of nine guns arranged in three turrets , two forward and one aft . The secondary battery was 5 - inch dual purpose guns , meaning they could be fired against other ships or used as an anti - aircraft weapon . The term also refers to smaller ships , like heavy or light cruiser s . Often , ships had a primary battery for offensive purposes , and a secondary and sometimes even a tertiary battery for self - defense . An example of this was the German battleship " Bismarck " , which carried a primary battery of eight 15 inch ( 380mm ) guns , along with a secondary battery of twelve 5 . 9 inch ( 150mm ) guns for defense against destroyers and torpedo boats , as well as a tertiary battery of various anti - aircraft guns ranging in caliber from 4 . 1 inch ( 105mm ) to 20mm guns . Many later ships during World War II used dual - purpose guns to combine the secondary battery and the heavier guns of the tertiary batteries , in order to simplify the design . Newer vessels are designed with anti - ship missile s , replacing heavy naval artillery designs . An excellent example would be the Soviet / Russian " Kirov " class rocket cruisers . In the 1980s the four battleships of the United States " Iowa " class were fitted with Tomahawk and Harpoon missiles , their 16 - inch guns were still retained .
George Erroll Prior - Palmer Major - General George Erroll Prior - Palmer CB DSO ( 20 February 1903 – 18 August 1977 ) was a British Army officer and business man of Anglo - Irish origins . He saw active service in the Second World War and later was military attaché at the British Embassy in Washington , D . C . and Major - General commanding the 6th Armoured Division . In civilian life he entered the world of commercial shipping and was successively a director of the Union - Castle Line , manager of Cayzer Irvine , and managing director of Overseas Containers Limited , before retiring in 1969 . Early life . The son of Prior Spunner Prior - Palmer , of County Sligo and 32 , Merrion Square , Dublin , by his marriage to Anne Leslie Gason , of Kilteelagh , County Tipperary , Prior - Palmer was educated in England at Wellington College and at the Royal Military College Sandhurst . Army career . From Sandhurst Prior - Palmer was commissioned in 1923 as a Second Lieutenant into the 9th Lancers in which his elder brother Otho Prior - Palmer ( 1897 – 1986 ) was already serving . He was promoted Captain in 1930 , Lieutenant - Colonel in 1941 , Colonel in 1946 , and Brigadier in 1948 . In 1940 he saw active service in North West Europe , when he was mentioned in despatches , and in 1944 took part in the Normandy landings as commander of 27th Armoured Brigade , serving on the continent until 1945 . In 1946 he went to Washington , D . C . as military attaché at the British Embassy , a two - year posting . In 1951 he was promoted Major - General and given command of the newly reformed 6th Armoured Division . In 1953 he returned to Washington D . C . as Commander , British Army Staff , and Military Member , British Joint Services Mission , this time remaining for three years . He was President of the Regular Commissions Board in 1956 – 1957 and retired from the service in 1958 . Business career . In 1958 Prior - Palmer joined the British & Commonwealth Shipping Company . From 1959 to 1964 he was the Southampton area director of the Union - Castle Line , in 1964 – 1965 manager of Cayzer Irvine and special adviser to the British and Commonwealth Group , and from 1965 to 1969 managing director of Overseas Containers Ltd . He retired in 1969 , but from 1973 until his death was a director of J . A . Peden Ltd . Private life . In 1935 , Prior - Palmer married firstly Katherine Edith , daughter of Frank Bibby , and with her had one daughter . In 1948 , he married secondly Lady Doreen Hersey Winifred Hope , younger daughter of Victor Hope , 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow , and they had one son , Simon Erroll ( born 1951 ) , and one daughter , Lucinda Jane ( born 1953 ) . He was a member of the Cavalry and Guards Club and the Royal Ocean Racing Club and in retirement lived at Appleshaw House , Andover , Hampshire . He died on 18 August 1977 .
Frans Kaisiepo Airport Frans Kaisiepo Airport ( ) is an airport in Biak , Papua , Indonesia . It is also known as Mokmer Airport . This airport is named after Frans Kaisiepo , the fourth Governor of Papua . History . World War II . Mokmer Airfield was part of a complex of airfields built on Biak Island by the Japanese ( Mokmer , Borokoe and Sorido ) , of which Mokmer was the main USAAF facility after the island was taken by the United States after fierce fighting in late May and June 1944 . The Battle of Biak Island came about after a succession of Japanese defeats in 1943 and 1944 along the northern coast of New Guinea . Biak became a Japanese stronghold , which they were determined to hold to the last man . Unknown to the advancing Allies , the Japanese began fortifying the island and when the Allies invaded on 27 May 1944 , the Japanese put up a fierce defense . The only tank vs . tank battle in New Guinea occurred on Biak , where Japanese Ha - Go light tanks were knocked out by American Sherman tanks . Japanese soldiers were well entrenched in the interior of the island in limestone caves and fortifications , a trend that would be seen again in islands like Palau . These entrenched troops fought an excellent defense and the casualties at Biak were high - for the American Army , 435 KIA and 2 , 360 WIA . The Japanese lost an estimated 6 , 125 KIA , with 460 POWs , and 360 Formosan POWs . After the battle , the United States repaired the Japanese airfields and developed the island into a large airbase . Postwar . Postwar , the airfield complex became a major reclamation site for all types of surplus Allied aircraft . Mokmer Airfield is located to the west of Mokmer village on Biak , parallel to the coastline and the Japen Straight and is the only one of the three currently used as an airport , now called Frans Kaisiepo International Airport . Mokmer Airfield also became a major refueling point for airline flights from the United States to destinations in Indonesia , prior to non - stop cross Pacific flights . On 16 July 1957 , KLM Flight 844 crashed into Cenderawasih Bay shortly after takeoff . 58 out of 68 onboard perished . Sorido Airfield has been disused since 1962 and is located to the northwest of Mokmer , and is clearly visible on aerial photography . After the war the airfield was used by the Dutch who had kept it as a military airfield , flying P2V Neptunes and later Hawker Hunter s from the base until the withdrawal of Dutch forces in 1962 . Borokoe Airfield is due west of Mokmer , along the beach . Not used as an airfield after the American liberation , it became a Fifth Air Force Air Depot area ; however , the old runways are evident in aerial photography
Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff ( DJS ) is a three - star officer who assists the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the management of the Joint Staff , an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army , Navy , Marine Corps , and Air Force , who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction , operation , and integration of the combatant land , naval , and air forces . The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies , a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three - star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the level of the four - star Joint Chiefs of Staff . The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense . As with all three - and four - star positions , the Director ' s appointment is subject to Senate confirmation . The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable three - star billets in the United States military establishment , for the position has historically served as a large stepping stone for an officer to be considered for a four - star billet . The current Director of the Joint Staff is Lieutenant General David L . Goldfein , USAF . List of Directors of the Joint Staff . This is a complete list of the Directors of the Joint Staff . An asterisk ( * ) indicates an acting Director . Of the 41 Directors of the Joint Staff , 30 have been promoted to four - star rank while on active duty , as has one acting Director ; and a 31st former Director was promoted to that rank upon retirement . Moreover , 22 of the last 23 Directors have been promoted to four - star rank within a year of leaving the Joint Staff .
Michael O ' Regan ( Medal of Honor ) Private Michael O ' Regan ( July 22 , 1846 – May 28 , 1933 ) was an American soldier in the United States Army who served with the 8th U . S . Cavalry regiment during the Apache Wars . O ' Regan was one of several soldiers who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in fighting Apache Indians in the Arizona Territory between August and October 1868 . Biography . Michael O ' Regan was born in Fall River , Massachusetts on July 22 , 1846 . He later enlisted in the United States Army in Boston , Massachusetts and joined Company B in the 8th U . S . Cavalry regiment . A participant in the Apache Wars during the late 1860s , O ' Regan was part of a small cavalry group of approximately fifty troopers tasked with protecting settlers from Apache raiding parties in the Arizona Territory between August and October 1868 . During that ninety - day period , O ' Regan and his colleaques faced the Apaches in heavy fighting , especially in ambushes and sniper attacks , during their patrols . O ' Regan was among the thirty - four soldiers who were received the Medal of Honor , in one of the U . S . Army ' s largest presentations of the medal at the time , for " bravery in scouts and actions against Indians " on July 25 , 1869 . O ' Regan returned to Fall River after leaving the army and died on May 28 , 1933 , at the age of 86 . He was interred in Saint Patrick ' s Cemetery . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company B , 8th U . S . Cavalry . Place and date : Arizona , August to October 1868 . Entered service at : - - - - - - . Birth : Fall River , Mass . Date of issue : 24 July 1869 . Citation : Bravery in scouts and actions against Indians .
USS Stout ( DDG - 55 ) USS " Stout " ( DDG - 55 ) is the sixth " Arleigh Burke " - class guided missile destroyer . Built by Ingalls Shipbuilding , she was commissioned on 13 August 1994 and she is currently home - ported in Naval Station Norfolk . Namesake . " Stout " was named for Rear Admiral Herald F . Stout ( 1903 – 1987 ) , who distinguished himself as the Commanding Officer of the destroyer USS " Claxton " during World War II . Then a Commander , Stout aided his task force in sinking five heavily armed , enemy warships to establish a beachhead on Bougainville Island . Honors and awards . On 16 February 2007 , " Stout " was awarded the 2006 Battle " E " . In April 2008 , the ship comprehensively failed its Board of Inspection and Survey examination and was declared " unfit for sustained combat operations . " . The ship has since passed 13 of 13 rigorous unit level training inspections . " Stout " deployed in March 2009 on routine security operations in the Sixth Fleet OPAREA . On 15 July 2009 , Fox News Channel reported " Stout " was in the Black Sea cooperating with Georgia n forces in training exercises . Relief of Commanding Officer and Command Master Chief . On 1 March 2011 while on deployment to the Mediterranean Sea in support of the crisis in Libya , Commander Nathan Borchers , Command Master Chief Susan Bruce - Ross , six other chiefs , one junior officer , and one petty officer of USS " Stout " were relieved by the Commander Sixth Fleet . The cited cause was a “ pervasive pattern of unprofessional behavior ” among the ship ' s crew including “ fraternization , orders violations and disregard for naval standards of conduct and behavior which contributed to poor crew morale and a hostile command climate . ” The investigation found that a " gang " of five chiefs had bullied crew members , actively impeded communication among the ship ' s command channels , and forced crewmembers to work around the gang in order to get work accomplished . Operation Odyssey Dawn . On 19 March 2011 , in conjunction with other US Navy ships , the destroyer launched Tomahawk cruise missiles at Libyan air defenses as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn . Syrian civil war . On 28 August 2013 , the U . S . Navy announced that a fifth " Arleigh Burke " - class destroyer , the " Stout " , was en route to join the other four " Burke " - class destroyers deployed in the eastern Mediterrranean Sea amid allegations that the regime of Syrian president Bashar al - Assad used chemical weapons during the ongoing Syrian civil war , including the gas attacks that occurred on 21 August 2013 .
HMS Tilbury ( 1733 ) HMS " Tilbury " was a 60 - gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built at Chatham Dockyard to the dimensions of the 1719 Establishment , and launched on 2 June 1733 . The " Tilbury " was part of Vice - Admiral Edward Vernon ' s fleet and took part in the expedition to Cartagena de Indias during the War of Jenkin ' s Ear . " Tilbury " was accidentally burnt in 1742 .
John Henry Upshur John Henry Upshur ( 5 December 1823 – 30 May 1917 ) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served during the Mexican - American War and the American Civil War . Early life . Upshur — born John Henry Nottingham in Northampton County , Virginia December 5 , 1823 changed his name at the request of his mother to her maiden name " Upshur " gratifying her wish , as the Upshur family was conspicuous in naval annals . He was appointed a midshipman on 4 November 1841 and initially served at sea with the Mediterranean Squadron . During the war with Mexico , Upshur was assigned to " St . Mary ' s " as that brig participated in operations against Tampico . He also served ashore with the naval battery during the attacks against Vera Cruz in March 1847 . In the years preceding the Civil War , Upshur carried out assignments in the Mediterranean , the West Indian , and the African Squadron s . He also performed brief tours of duty at the Naval Academy and at the Washington Navy Yard as an ordnance officer . From 1853 to 1856 , Upshur served in " Supply " during Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry ' s expeditions to Japan which opened that nation to the west . Civil War . During the Civil War , Upshur was assigned to the North Atlantic blockading squadron , and participated in the capture of the Southern forts at Hatteras Inlet 1861 which opened the North Carolina sounds to Union forces . He was executive officer of " Wabash " during the expedition which wrested Port Royal , South Carolina , from Confederate hands . Upshur also commanded four boats in Commander C . R . P Rodgers ' s expedition in the inland coast waters in the vicinity of Port Royal and Beaufort , South Carolina Later on , he served in the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron in charge of the steamer USS Flambeau during operations against Charleston . He returned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in time for the abortive joint expedition against Fort Fisher late in December 1864 . He was also in the expedition which finally carried the Southern works guarding Wilmington in mid - January 1865 . Post Civil War . After the Civil War , Upshur served in a succession of sea and shore billets , promoted to commander , 25 July 1866 , and given the USS Frolic , on the Mediterranean station , in 1865 - 1867 . Promoted to captain , 31 January 1872 , he served as a member of the board of inspectors in 1877 - ' 80 . He had a leave of absence , during which he visited Europe , in 1880 , and upon his return was a member of the board of examiners . Ending his service as commander of the Pacific Squadron from 1882 to 1885 . Rear Admiral Upshur retired in 1 June 1885 and died in Washington , D . C . He commissioned the building in 1884 , with design by architect Frederick C . Withers , a Queen Anne home , later known as United States Daughters of 1812 , National Headquarters . Namesake . USS " Upshur " ( DD - 144 ) was named for him . The second USS " Upshur " ( T - AP - 198 ) was named for Major General William Peterkin Upshur , USMC .