naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Primani The Primani was a legio palatina of the Late Roman army , active in the 4th and 5th century . History . They fought against the Alemanni under the " Caesar " Julian in the Battle of Strasbourg ( 357 ) . They were deployed in the middle of the second line of the Roman formation , with three " auxilia palatina " units on their left and other three , among which " Regii " and " Batavi " , on their right . During the battle , the Roman first line broke under the pressure of the Alamannic infantry , which pushed on the " Primani " . The soldiers resisted and counter - attacked , causing the enemy to flee . The " Notitia Dignitatum " , a document describing civil and military offices in the Western Roman Empire around 420 and in the Eastern Roman Empire in 395 circa , records the existence of the Primani iuniores under the command of the " comes Britanniarum " , therefore within the " comitatus " of the " Magister peditum " of Gaul , and that of the " Primani " under the army of the second " magister militum praesentalis " of the East .
Richard Stokes Major Sir Richard Rapier Stokes MC and bar ( 27 January 1897 – 3 August 1957 ) was a British Labour politician who served briefly as Lord Privy Seal in 1951 . Stokes was educated at Downside School , the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich and Trinity College , Cambridge . He served in the Royal Artillery during World War I , winning the Military Cross and bar and the Croix de Guerre . He became chairman and managing director of the engineering firm Ransomes & Rapier Ltd . He was chairman and supporter of the School of Economic Science . Stokes won the Ipswich seat in a 1938 by - election , which he kept in the 1945 , 1950 , 1951 and 1955 elections . He was known for his independence in parliament , including , with Bishop George Bell and fellow Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) Alfred Salter , opposing area strategic bombing during World War II . Stokes was also a prominent critic of the inadequacy of Allied tank design . Prior to the war , he co - wrote a paper ( with Andrew MacLaren and George Lansbury ) analysing the economic forces menacing peace in Europe . After the RAF ' s bombing of Dresden on the night of 13 February and the early hours of 14 February , his questions in the House about the act , were in part responsible for the reappraisal of the Government ' s bombing policy in the last month of the war in Europe . He raised other issue after the war relating to Yalta and the forced repatriation of Yugoslavs , and the treatment of Dr George Chatterton - Hill in Germany . He was appointed Lord Privy Seal and the new position of Minister of Materials in April 1951 , succeeding Ernest Bevin but served only a few months before Labour lost the 1951 general election . He aimed to show that the proposed armaments programme could be carried out , contrary to Bevin and Harold Wilson ( who had resigned over this and other issues ) Stokes died at home in London of a heart attack according to his death notice , although he had been in a road accident on 23 July when his car overturned during a thunderstorm on the flooded London road at Stanway near Colchester . His uncle Sir Wilfred Stokes invented the Stokes Mortar in World War I .
Washington Blues The Washington Blues were a company of Maryland Volunteers which saw action during the Battle of Bladensberg and the Battle of North Point , during the War of 1812 . History . When war broke out between the United States and Great Britain , George H . Steuart ( then Captain Steuart ) raised a company of Maryland volunteers , known as the Washington Blues , part of the 5th Maryland Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Sterrett . They saw action at the Battle of Bladensberg ( August 24 , 1814 ) , where the Americans , including the 5th Regiment , were routed by the British . Although the 5th had " evinced a disposition to make a gallant resistance " , it was flanked by the redcoats and forced to retreat in some disorder . After the battle , British forces entered Washington DC and burned the city . Steuart ' s company fought better at the Battle of North Point ( September 12 , 1814 ) , where the militia were able to hold the line for several hours before making a fighting retreat , and where Steuart was wounded . Some of the militia regiments , such as the 51st , and some members of 39th , broke and ran under fire , but the 5th and 27th held their ground and were able to retreat in reasonably good order having inflicted significant casualties on the advancing enemy . Corporal John McHenry of the 5th Regiment wrote an account of the battle : On April 19 , 1861 , during the start of the American Civil War , Baltimore was disrupted by riots , during which Southern sympathizers attacked Union troops passing through the city by rail . Steuart himself was strongly sympathetic to the Confederacy and , perhaps knowing this , Governor Hicks did not call out the militia to suppress the riots . On May 13 , 1861 Union troops occupied the state , restoring order and preventing a vote in favor of Southern secession . Steuart moved south for the duration of the Civil War , and much of the general ' s property was confiscated by the Federal Government as a consequence . However , many members of the newly formed Maryland Line in the Confederate army would be drawn from Steuart ' s militia .
Thomas Vaughan ( died 1483 ) Sir Thomas Vaughan ( c . 1410 – June 1483 ) was a Welsh statesman and diplomat , who rose to prominence before and during the Wars of the Roses . He began as an adherent of Jasper Tudor and King Henry VI of England , and was appointed to several offices by Henry . He was nonetheless a Yorkist by inclination , as were many Welshmen of the time . After the Yorkist victory in 1461 became a loyal and important servant of King Edward IV . In 1483 , he was executed by Richard III as part of his seizure of the throne . Life . Vaughan was the son of Robert and Margaret Vaughan of Monmouth . In 1446 he was appointed to the offices of Steward , Receiver , and Master of the Game in Herefordshire and Ewyas , and Steward , Constable , Porter , and Receiver of Abergavenny . In 1450 , he became Master of the Ordnance . He entered Parliament in 1455 as MP for UK Parliament constituency . Despite his early association with Jasper Tudor , Earl of Pembroke , Vaughan was accused of plotting against King Henry VI of England as early as 1459 . Somehow he regained the king ' s favour , and in 1460 was appointed Keeper of Henry VI ' s " great Wardrobe " . After Henry ' s defeat at Saint Albans in 1461 , Vaughan , along with Philip Malpas and William Hatclyf , sailed for Ireland with Henry ' s treasury , but were captured by French pirates . Edward IV , surprisingly , ransomed Vaughn from the pirates , for which Vaughan was forever afterwards loyal . Edward soon came to trust Vaughan and placed him in high offices . Vaughn was appointed Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for 1464 . In 1465 Edward made him Treasurer of the King ' s Chamber and Master of the King ' s Jewels . Edward also sent Vaughn as ambassador to the courts of Burgundy and France . He helped negotiate the marriage of Edward ' s sister , Margaret to the Duke of Burgundy in 1468 . In 1475 , on the same day that Edward ' s eldest son , the future Edward V , was invested as Prince of Wales , Vaughan was knighted , having acted for some years as to the young prince . Im 1478 , he was elected to parliament as knight of the shire for UK Parliament constituency . After Edward IV died in 1483 , Vaughan was accompanying Edward V from Ludlow to London when the party was intercepted by the future King Richard III , then Duke of Gloucester . Richard had Vaughn arrested and executed . The execution is believed to have taken place some time between 13 and 25 June at Pontefract Castle in West Yorkshire . Vaughan was the second husband of Eleanor Arundel , widow of Sir Thomas Browne , who had likewise been executed in 1460 . In Shakespeare ' s " Richard III " , Vaughan ' s ghost appears to the King on the eve of the Battle of Bosworth .
William Shippen , Jr . Dr . William Shippen , Jr . ( October 21 , 1736 – July 11 , 1808 ) , was the first systematic teacher of anatomy , surgery and obstetrics in Colonial America and founded the first maternity hospital in America . He was the second Surgeon General of the Continental Army . Family and early career . Shippen followed his famous father , Dr . William Shippen , Sr . into a medical career . He studied at the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , graduating in 1754 . He studied medicine first with his father , then went to England and Scotland and in 1761 earned his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh Medical School . At his father ' s encouragement , William , Jr . commenced America ' s first series of anatomy lectures in 1762 . He became one of the first professors ( of anatomy , surgery , and midwifery ) of America ' s first medical school ( the College of Philadelphia , now the University of Pennsylvania ) , which he co - founded in 1765 with Dr . John Morgan . William Shippen , Jr . ' s wife , Alice Lee ( 1736 – 1817 ) was the daughter of Thomas Lee and Hannah Harrison Ludwell . William ' s daughter Anne Hume Shippen married Henry Beekman Livingston , the son of Robert Livingston ( 1718 – 1775 ) . William Shippen , Jr . was a member of the original board of trustees of Old Pine Street Church . American Revolution . During the American Revolutionary War , Shippen served as Chief Physician & Director General of the Hospital of the Continental Army in New Jersey ( 1776 ) and as Director General of the Hospitals West of the Hudson River ( October 1776 ) . Ultimately , he served ( April 11 , 1777 – January 1781 ) as Director of Hospitals for the Continental Army , a precursor of the Surgeon General of the U . S . Army . Shippen had connived to replace Dr . Morgan , his predecessor in that position . Later Morgan , with the assistance of Dr . Benjamin Rush , brought about his forced resignation . He was subsequently court martial ed for misappropriating supplies intended for recovering soldiers and underreporting deaths , but was acquitted on a technicality . Shippen was among the founders of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and served ( 1805 – 08 ) as its president .
USS Roosevelt ( DDG - 80 ) USS " Roosevelt " ( DDG - 80 ) is an " Arleigh Burke " - class destroyer in service with the United States Navy . The USS " Roosevelt " is the second Flight IIA ship and the last U . S . Navy destroyer to carry the 5 " / 54 Mk . 45 mod 3 gun . This was upgraded to the 5 " / 62 variant sometime after 2008 . ( The upgraded gun mount is visible in the article image . ) On 22 October 1996 , the Secretary of the Navy , John H . Dalton , announced that the 30th ship of the " Arleigh Burke " - class , would be named " Roosevelt " . This is the first ship so named to honor both Franklin D . Roosevelt , the 32nd President of the United States and the former First Lady , Eleanor Roosevelt . ( The aircraft carrier served from 1945 – 1977 before being scrapped . ) " Roosevelt " keel was laid down on 15 December 1997 at Litton Industries ' Ingalls Shipbuilding shipyard in Pascagoula , Mississippi . She was launched on 10 January 1999 , and christened on 23 January , sponsored by Mrs . Nancy Roosevelt Ireland , granddaughter of the ship ' s namesakes . The ship was commissioned on 14 October 2000 at Naval Station Mayport in Florida , with CDR Matthew E . Bobola in command . On 4 April 2006 , " Roosevelt " and the Dutch frigate HNLMS " De Zeven Provinciën " attempted to intercept a hijacked South Korean trawler off the coast of Somalia . However , both " Roosevelt " and " De Zeven Provinciën " were forced to disengage in the pursuit because the pirates threatened the trawler ' s crew with firearms . The hijacked trawler escaped into Somali territorial waters . On 16 February 2007 , " Roosevelt " was awarded the 2006 Battle Efficiency " E " award . On 28 October 2011 , " Roosevelt " completed its seven - month deployment to the U . S . Fifth Fleet and U . S . Sixth Fleet Areas of Responsibility . During this overseas deployment , " Roosevelt " was underway at sea for 205 days out of total of 213 days away from its homeport of Naval Station Mayport . During the 205 days at sea , " Roosevelt " logged one period of 113 consecutive days underway , travelling over . " Roosevelt " make only three port calls during its 2011 deployment , to Rota , Spain ; the island of Mahe in Seychelles Islands ; and Port Louis , the capital of the island of Mauritius .
VAQ - 132 Electronic Attack Squadron ( VAQ - 132 ) , the " Scorpions " , is a United States Navy aircraft squadron based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island . The " Scorpions " fly the EA - 18G Growler and are attached to Carrier Air Wing 17 . The squadron ' s radio callsign is " Scorp " . History . Electronic Warfare Squadron One Three Two can trace its history all the way back to Patrol Squadron Twenty Nine ( VP - 29 ) . In April 1957 , the squadron was redesignated as Heavy Attack Squadron Two ( VAH - 2 ) and transitioned to the A - 3D Skywarrior and changed its homeport the following year to NAS Whidbey Island . Then in November 1968 , VAH - 2 was redesignated as Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron One Three Two ( VAQ - 132 ) and transitioned to the EKA - 3B . In January 1971 , the " Scorpions " received the EA - 6B Prowler and became the first operational squadron to transition to the new aircraft . On November 7 , 2008 , VAQ - 132 held their ceremonial last flight in the Grumman EA - 6B Prowler . They began the transition to the brand - new , Boeing EA - 18G Growler in February 2009 with flight certification in the Summer of 2009 . Initial operational capability ( IOC ) was achieved on September 22 . The Scorpions were the first operational squadron to transition to the EA - 18G . On 5 August 2009 , EA - 18G Growlers from VAQ - 132 and Electronic Attack Squadron 129 ( VAQ - 129 ) completed their first at - sea carrier - arrested landing ( trap ) aboard the nuclear - powered aircraft carrier . The EA - 18G was first used in combat during Operation Odyssey Dawn by supporting efforts to enforce a UN no - fly - zone over Libya . The five EA - 18Gs of VAQ - 132 were redeployed from Iraq to Italy to support Libya operations .
Thomas de Beauchamp , 11th Earl of Warwick Thomas de Beauchamp , 11th Earl of Warwick , KG ( c . 14 February 1313 – 13 November 1369 ) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years ' War . In 1348 he became one of the founders and the third Knight of the Order of the Garter . Early life . He was born at Warwick Castle , Warwickshire , England to Guy de Beauchamp , 10th Earl of Warwick and Alice de Toeni . He served in Scotland frequently during the 1330s , being captain of the army against the Scots in 1337 . He was hereditary High Sheriff of Worcestershire from 1333 until his death ( in 1369 ) . In 1344 he was also made High Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire for life . Victor at Crécy and Poitiers . Warwick was Marshall of England from 1343 / 4 until 1369 , and was one of the commanders at the great English victories at Crécy and Poitiers . Thomas Beauchamp fought in all the French wars of King Edward III : commanded at the Battle of Crecy : was guardian of the sixteen - year - old Black Prince : fought at Poitiers in 1356 and at the Siege of Calais ( 1346 ) . He began the rebuilding of the Collegiate Church of Saint Mary , in Warwick out of money received from the ransom of a French Archbishop . He died of plague in Calais on 13 November 1369 . Marriage and children . He married Katherine Mortimer , daughter of Roger Mortimer , 1st Earl of March . They had five sons and ten daughters : Catherine Montacute , Countess of Salisbury was not his daughter , although she is presented as such in William Painter ' s " Palace of Pleasure " and in the Elizabethan play , " Edward III " that may be by William Shakespeare .
515th Air Defense Group The 515th Air Defense Group is a disbanded United States Air Force ( USAF ) organization . Its last assignment was with the 31st Air Division , stationed at Duluth Municipal Airport , Minnesota where it was inactivated in 1955 . The group was originally activated as a support unit for a combat group at the end of World War II in Italy and then redeployed to Okinawa , where it continued that mission until it was inactivated in 1945 . The group was activated once again in 1953 , when Air Defense Command ( ADC ) established it as the headquarters for a dispersed fighter - interceptor squadron and the medical , maintenance , and administrative squadrons supporting it . It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission , equipment , and personnel to the 343d Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II . History . World War II . The group was activated as the 515th Air Service Group in late 1944 as part of a reorganization of Army Air Forces ( AAF ) support groups in which the AAF replaced Service Groups that included personnel from other branches of the Army and supported two combat groups with Air Service Groups including only Air Corps units . Designed to support a single combat group . Its 941st Air Engineering Squadron provided maintenance that was beyond the capability of the combat group , its 765th Air Materiel Squadron handled all supply matters , and its Headquarters & Base Services Squadron provided other support . It supported one combat group in Italy . In May 1945 , the group assumed responsibility for supporting units that were redeploying from the Mediterranean Theater of Operations . It moved to the Pacific Theater and provided the same support on Okinawa until inactivated in 1945 . The 515th was disbanded in 1948 . Cold War . The group was redesignated as an air defense group , reconstituted and activated at Duluth Municipal Airport in 1953 with responsibility for air defense of Great Lakes area . Assigned the 11th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron ( FIS ) , which was already stationed at Duluth Airport , and flying World War II era North American F - 51 Mustang s as its operational component . The 11th FIS had been assigned directly to the 31st Air Division . The group replaced 73rd Air Base Squadron as the USAF host unit at Duluth Airport . It was assigned three squadron s to perform its support responsibilities . The 11th FIS converted to HVAR rocket armed and airborne intercept radar equipped North American F - 86D Sabre s in the fall of 1953 . The squadron began flying two - seat Northrop F - 89 Scorpion s in June 1955 . Its mission was to provide air defense of Great Lakes area . The group was inactivated and replaced by 343d Fighter Group ( Air Defense ) in 1955 as part of ADC ' s Project Arrow , which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars . The 515th was disbanded once again in 1984 . Lineage . Components . Operational Squadron Support Units References . Bibliography . Further Reading
Domnicus Flavius Domnicus was a Byzantine military officer and patrikios , active in the reign of Emperor Justinian I ( r . 527 – 565 ) . He should not be confused with his contemporary Domnicus , Praetorian prefect of Illyricum ( term 535 – 540 ) . Biography . Domnicus is first mentioned in 536 . He was a member of the Byzantine Senate . Procopius records that Domnicus was sent to the Praetorian prefecture of Africa , alongside Germanus and Symmachus . The three were tasked with facing the military rebellion of Stotzas . Domnicus took over command of the infantry forces of the area , succeeding the deceased John of Epidamnus . He served in command of the infantry at the Battle of Scalae Veteres ( 537 ) . The battle was a victory for Germanus and his forces . Germanus , Domnicus , and Symmachus were recalled to Constantinople in 539 . Documents of 540 have Domnicus listing his own titles : comes domesticorum , former consul ( honorary consul ) , and patrician . During his service in Africa , Domnicus likely held the rank of magister militum . He obviously no longer held any military tile in 540 . That year , Emperor Justinian I assigned Domnicus and Maximinus as his new envoys to the court of Vitiges ( reigned 536 – 540 ) in Ravenna . Domnicus also delivered a letter of Emperor Justinian to Pope Vigilius ( term 537 – 555 ) . He returned to Constantinople , transporting letters from Vigilius to Emperor Justinian and Patriarch Menas of Constantinople . The letters addressed matters of faith . Domnicus added his own signature to them " by way of approval " . The letters of Vigilius have survived . They support the decisions of a council of Constantinople in 536 . Said decisions confirmed adherence to the rules of the Council of Chalcedon ( 451 ) and opposition to Monophysitism . Domnicus ' s approval of their content indicates that the patrikios was an adherent of Chalcedonian Christianity . There is no further mention of him .
Navy and Marine Corps Medal The Navy and Marine Corps Medal is the highest non - combat decoration awarded for heroism by the United States Department of the Navy to the members of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps . The decoration was established by an act of Congress on 7 August 1942 , and is authorized under . The Navy and Marine Corps Medal is generally considered the equivalent of the U . S . Army ′ s Soldier ' s Medal , the U . S . Air Force ′ s Airman ' s Medal , and the Coast Guard Medal . Criteria . As the senior non - combat award for heroism , this award hinges on the actual level of personal " life threatening " risk experienced by the awardee . For heroic performance to rise to this level it must be clearly established that the act involved very specific life - threatening risk to the awardee . During the mid - 20th century , the Navy and Marine Corps Medal has been awarded instead of the Silver or Gold Lifesaving Medal , for sea rescues involving risk of life . This is due primarily to the creation of a variety of additional military decorations that are often considered more prestigious than the Lifesaving Medal . The Navy and Marine Corps Medal was first bestowed during World War II . A famous recipient was President John F . Kennedy who was awarded the medal as Commanding Officer of Motor Torpedo Boat PT - 109 during World War II . Appearance . The Navy and Marine Corps Medal is an octagon al bronze medal . The obverse depicts an eagle holding a fouled anchor over a globe . The word " Heroism " is inscribed below the globe . The ribbon of the medal is three equal stripes of navy blue , old gold , and apple red . Additional awards of the medal are denoted by gold or silver 5 / 16 inch star s . Recipients . The first recipient of the medal is not known . The recipients of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal and the text of the citations issued to each recipient , to the extent of available records , are listed in an online database .
8th Division ( Japan ) The is one of nine active divisions of the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force . The division is subordinated to the Western Army and is headquartered in Kumamoto . Its responsibility is the defense of the Kagoshima , Kumamoto and Miyazaki prefectures . The division was raised on 18 January 1962 .