naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Mahiwa The Battle of Mahiwa fought between German and British Imperial forces was a battle of the East African Campaign of World War I . The battle began when South African and Nigerian troops under Lieutenant General Jacob van Deventer engaged a column of German forces under the command of General Paul Emil von Lettow - Vorbeck at Mahiwa in German East Africa . The Germans were able to inflict massive casualties upon van Deventer ' s army , forcing it to withdraw . Despite the massive number of British casualties , the Germans also lost a large percentage of their forces and were ultimately forced to withdraw from their positions and continue their guerrilla war . Background . With Kurt Wahle ' s force at Nyangao separated from the main von Lettow - Vorbeck ' s main body , the British sought to cut off the force and destroy it . Thus they hatched a plan to cut off and surround Wahle ' s column by flanking it with a force of Nigerians . They would then commit a large body of soldiers on a frontal attack and encircle the force . Battle . A force of three battalion s of Nigerians was sent against Wahle ' s troops at Nyangao and engaged him there on the 15th . Von Lettow - Vorbeck brought up reinforcements to Wahle and pitted his additional four companies against them . The Nigerians were soon threatened with encirclement and suffered severe casualties . A larger force had been sent by the British to attack the Germans from the opposite side but was also met with stubborn resistance when the Germans withdrew from Nyangao on the 16th and dug in on the ridge at Mahiwa from their previous position . Despite the attacks from the newly arrived British force , the Germans were able to hold their ground and counterattacked on the 17th and 18th forcing the British to withdraw with heavy casualties . Aftermath . The British forces were defeated with very heavy losses taking over 2 , 700 casualties and were forced to withdraw . Although von Lettow - Vorbeck had inflicted the greatest number of casualties on the Allies in the African Theater since the Battle of Tanga , the battle did not go as well as he had hoped . Although the German army suffered only between 500 and 600 casualties , it was over thirty percent of the force engaged . The German supplies were extremely limited and four days of fighting had expended over 850 , 000 rounds , nearly his entire supply of smokeless cartridges . Without sufficient ammunition for their modern weapons , the German force was reduced to using old Mauser Model 1871 ' s which used black powder cartridges . Low on supplies and fearing another assault , General von Lettow - Vorbeck decided to withdraw from German East Africa and invade Portuguese East Africa where he hoped to regain strength by capturing supplies from the ill prepared Portuguese Army there .
Royal Ordnance L9 Royal Ordnance L9 is a British short - barrelled 165 mm calibre gun used for combat engineering , particularly the demolition of defences . The gun is capable of firing a High Explosive Squash Head ( HESH ) demolition projectile distances up to . The HESH shell contains 40 lb of C - 4 explosive . The L9 gun was mounted on Royal Engineers AVRE versions of the Churchill tank post - Second World War , and on the Centurion tank . The gun ' s primary purpose is for clearing obstacles such as walls , fences , roadblocks , bunkers , etc . or for destroying buildings .
Alfred Maurice Toye Brigadier Alfred Maurice Toye ( 15 April 1897 , Aldershot – 6 September 1955 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Toye enlisted into the Royal Engineers as a bugler in 1912 before being commissioned into the Middlesex Regiment during World War I He was 20 years old , and an Acting British Army Captain in the 2nd Battalion , The Middlesex Regiment ( Duke of Cambridge ' s Own ) , during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 25 March 1918 at Eterpigny Ridge , France , Captain Toye displayed conspicuous bravery and fine leadership . He three times re - established a post which had been captured by the enemy and , when his three other posts were cut off , he fought his way through the enemy with one officer and six men . He counter - attacked with 70 men and took up a line which he maintained until reinforcements arrived . In two subsequent operations he covered the retirement of his battalion and later re - established a line that had been abandoned before his arrival . He was twice wounded but remained on duty . After the War . From 1925 to 1932 he was chief instructor at the Royal Egyptian Military College and Commandant of War Office Schools of Chemical Warfare 1940 - 1942 . Toye then joined the teaching staff at the Staff College , Camberley . From 1934 to 1944 he was on active service with the 6th Airborne Division and with General Headquarters , Middle East from 1945 to 1948 . He later achieved the rank of Brigadier serving with the 6th Airborne Division in World War II . The Medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum , Chelsea , England .
Yves d ' Alègre Yves d ' Alègre ( 1653 - 3 March 1733 ) . He was the fifth holder of the name Alègre and marquis of Tourzel and lord of Montaigu , of Saint - Flour - le - Châtel , of Aurouze and of Aubusson and count of Flageac . Life . He fought in all Louis XIV ' s wars — the Franco - Dutch War , the Nine Years ' War , the War of the Spanish Succession . He became the colonel of the Royal Dragoon Regiment from May 1679 to April 1693 and took part in the sieges of Limbourg , Condé , Valenciennes , Cambrai , Luxembourg and the battle of Steinkerque , where he was wounded in the arm by a musket shot . In March 1693 he was made a maréchal de camp and in January 1702 a lieutenant general . He was captured in 1705 but freed on parole as a secret negotiator . After his negotiations failed , he was reimprisoned . In 1712 he was freed and the same year took part in the capture of Douai on 8 September , the siege of Quesnoy on 4 October and the siege of Bouchain on 11 October . In 1706 he was made governor of Saint - Omer , rising to lieutenant general of the Languedoc in 1707 then governor of Metz in 1723 . He rose to marshal of France in 1724 and became a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit in 1728 . Marriage and issue . On 29 August 1679 he married Jeanne ( 1658 - 1723 ) , daughter of Jean de Garaud , lord of Doneville . They had five children : After Jeanne ' s death he remarried to Madeleine Ancezune on 21 August 1724 .
3 " / 23 caliber gun The 3 " / 23 caliber gun ( spoken " three - inch - twenty - three - caliber " ) was the standard anti - aircraft gun for United States destroyers through World War I and the 1920s . United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile 3 inches ( 76 mm ) in diameter , and the barrel was 23 caliber s long ( barrel length is 3 " x 23 = 69 " or 1 . 75 meters . ) Description . The built - up gun with vertical sliding breech block weighed about 531 pounds ( 241 kg ) and used fixed ammunition ( case and projectile handled as a single assembled unit ) with a 13 - pound ( 6 kg ) projectile at a velocity of 1650 feet per second ( 500 m / s ) . Range was 10100 yards ( 9235 meters ) at 45 degrees elevation . Ceiling was 18000 feet ( 5500 meters ) at the maximum elevation of 75 degrees . History . The 3 " / 23 caliber cannon was the US Navy ' s first purposefully , designed anti - aircraft cannon to reach operational service in the US military , and was a further development of 1 pounder cannon concept designed by Admiral Twining to meet the possible threat from airships being built by various navies . When World War II began , the 3 " / 23 caliber gun was outdated and surviving United States destroyers built during World War One era that were armed with 3 " / 23 caliber were rearmed with dual - purpose 3 " / 50 caliber gun s during World War II . Where there was no air threat during World War Two , the 3 " / 23 caliber gun was employed in the surface to surface role for use against submarines , and was mounted on submarine chasers , armed yachts , and various auxiliaries . Some major warships carried 3 " / 23 caliber guns temporarily while awaiting installation of quad 1 . 1 " / 75 caliber gun s . The 3 " / 23 caliber gun was mounted on :
Tim Lees - Spalding Rear - Admiral Tim Lees - Spalding , CB , ( 16 June 1920 – 2001 ) was a senior marine engineer in the Royal Navy before becoming Administrator of the London International Film School and co - founder of the Macmillan and Silk Cut Nautical Almanac . Early life . Ian Jaffery Lees - Spalding , always known as Tim , was born in Ealing and educated at Blundell ' s School in Tiverton and the Royal Naval Engineering College . Naval career . Lees - Spalding had joined the Royal Navy in 1938 and in 1941 , while still under training , was awarded a King ' s Commendation for Bravery for digging out with his bare hands a woman trapped beneath a pile of rubble after a German night air raid on Plymouth . A year later , he was awarded a Royal Lifesaving Institution Medal for rescuing a drowning man from the sea off Teignmouth . In 1943 Lees - Spalding went to sea in the anti - aircraft cruiser HMS Sirius , which saw action in the Mediterranean , and he was present at Operation Husky , the invasion of Sicily in July . Following the Italian Armistice in September 1943 , the 12th Cruiser Squadron , of which Sirius was part , landed troops of the British 1st Airborne Division at Taranto . The ship suffered bomb damage off the Greek island of Leros in October and Lees - Spalding was still serving when Sirius took part in the Normandy Landings in June 1944 before returning to the Mediterranean for the invasion of southern France in August . In January 1945 , Sirius helped to host the Anglo - American talks prior to the Yalta Conference , providing accommodation for the Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and the US Secretary of State Edward Stettinius . Lees - Spalding later served in submarines , before being promoted to Commander in 1952 ; this was followed by service in HMSCleopatra ( a sister - ship to Sirius ) and the new destroyer HMS Duchess . As the Commander ( Executive Officer ) of the Royal Naval Engineering College , by now located at Manadon near Plymouth , Lees - Spalding was the first non - Gunnery Officer to preside over the Queen ' s Birthday Parade on Plymouth Hoe in 1959 . He subsequently returned to sea as the Commander ( E ) of the new cruiser HMS Tiger in the Far East . Promoted to Captain in 1962 , Lees - Spalding undertook a variety of engineering staff jobs ashore , ending his naval career as a Rear Admiral in the post of Chief Staff Officer ( Technical ) to the C - in - C Fleet . He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1973 . Later career . After leaving the Royal Navy in 1974 , Lees - Spalding was appointed Administrator of the London International Film School . Despite no previous experience in the field , he quickly sorted out the school ' s financial problems . In 1981 Lees - Spalding co - founded the Macmillan and Silk Cut Nautical Almanac , which became a handbook for Britain ' s yachtsmen , and Lees - Spalding remained editor until 1992 .
7th Rifle Division ( Soviet Union ) The 7th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union ' s Red Army , formed five separate times from 1918 to 1955 . The division was first formed in September 1918 at Vladimir in the Moscow Military District . After reorganisation , probably as part of forming new divisions , the division was re - formed for the second time in August 1939 at Poltava in the Kiev Special Military District . In September – October , 1939 the division took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland ( 1939 ) as part of the 6th Rifle Corps , 6th Army , Ukrainian Front . From the Kiev Special MD it was sent to Finland around the middle of January 1940 . The division arrived in Perk - yarvi ( Перк - ярви ) around the end of January or the start of February and moved to lake Mikkelin - yarvi . From 3 February 1940 it joined the 50th Rifle Corps , and advanced with the Corps from 13 . 02 . 1940 as part of the 7th Army . It was then shifted to the 10th Rifle Corps about 20 February 1940 , on the Hotinen ( Хотинен ) direction . It was then shifted again , to the 34th Rifle Corps in February – March and awarded the Order of the Red Banner . Returned to the Kiev Special Military District in April 1940 , it participated in the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in June – July 1940 . In August 1940 it was reformed as the 7th Mechanized Division . During the Soviet - Finnish campaign the division consisted of the 27th , 257th , and 300th Rifle Regiments , the 23rd Reconnaissance Battalion , and the 405th Separate Tank Battalion . Fighting as part of the 8th Motorized Corps , 26th Army , Southwestern Front , from June 1941 , the division was decimated in attempting to halt the German advance . It was engaged in the Lutsk - Rovno area soon after the German invasion began . The division was reformed 27 . 12 . 1941 for the third time from remnants of the 7th Mechanized Division at Sverdlovsk in the Ural Military District . Fourth formation began at Sverdlovsk in the Ural MD in 1942 , as an Estonian national formation , which later joined the 8th Estonian Rifle Corps of the Red Army . It took part in operations from 7 November 1942 as part of the 3rd , 1st Shock , 8th and 42nd Armies . Its first combat was the Battle of Velikiye Luki . On 1 December 1942 it was part of the 8th Rifle Corps , subordinated directly to the Kalinin Front alongside other Estonian formations . The 7th Estonian Rifle Division was with 1st Shock Army of the Kurland Group ( Leningrad Front ) in May 1945 . On 28 . 06 . 1945 it became the 118th Guards Rifle Division by NKO Order № 0126 . The division was apparently formed five times in total , last in 1955 by renumbering 407th Rifle Division .
Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site The Statesboro Bomb Scoring Site is Formerly Used Defense Site I04GA0575 that was a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) for Radar Bomb Scoring during the Cold War . Detachment 3 of the 10th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron had begun " Statesboro Bomb Plot " operations by June 1963 . In addition to a Reeves AN / MSQ - 39 Bomb Scoring Central with fresnel antenna , during the Vietnam War the station used a Soviet T2A radar with 2 radomes for simulating surface - to - air missile tracking to train / exercise aircraft crews in electronic countermeasures ( electronic warfare ) .
Michelin Rubber Plantation Michelin Rubber Plantation was located near Dầu Tiếng District in Bình Dương Province , 72 km northwest of Saigon . The plantation was established by the Michelin company in 1925 and at it was the largest rubber plantation in Vietnam . The plantation was located approximately halfway between the Cambodia border and Saigon and so was an important base and staging area for the Viet Cong and later the NVA . The plantation was an important source of revenue for the South Vietnamese Government and it was believed that the Michelin Company paid off the Vietcong in order to keep the plantation operating during the war . US forces were obliged to compensate Michelin for damage caused to the rubber trees during operations in the plantation . US and ARVN forces conducted frequent operations against NVA and VC forces in the plantation . On the evening of 27 November 1965 the ARVN 7th Regiment , 5th Division was overrun by the VC 272nd Regiment , killing most of the Regiment and 5 US advisers . From 21 to 27 February 1966 the 2nd and 3rd Brigades , 1st Infantry Division conducted Operation Mastiff , a search and destroy operation in and around the plantation . From 22 February to 14 May 1967 3rd Brigade , 4th Infantry Division , 196th Infantry Brigade , 173rd Airborne Brigade , 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment , VNMC 1st and 5th Battalions and ARVN 35th and 36th Ranger Battalions conducted Operation Junction City which included operations in the plantation . From 17 May to 7 December 1967 , the 3rd Brigade , 25th Infantry Division conducted Operation Diamond Head , a search and destroy operation in the Plantation and surrounding areas . In August and September 1968 , popularly known as the " Third Offensive " in reference to the third wave of NVA attacks after the Tet Offensive the plantation was the scene of fighting between US forces and the NVA . From 17 to 24 March 1969 the 1st Infantry Division , 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment , 1 / 4th Cavalry conducted Operation Atlas Wedge in the plantation .
USS Whitney ( AD - 4 ) USS " Whitney " ( AD - 4 ) was a " Dobbin " - class destroyer tender named for United States Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney . She was launched on 12 October 1923 , and was commissioned on 2 September 1924 . She was decommissioned on 22 October 1946 , later being sold for scrap to the Dulien Ship Products firm on 18 March 1948 . She was on station in Pearl Harbor at the time of the Japanese attack , amid a flotilla of destroyers ; , , , , and .
George A . Seitz George A . Seitz was an officer in the United States Navy . He was born March 13 , 1897 , in Rochester , New York , the son of Albert and Caroline ( Dubelbeiss ) Seitz . Seitz graduated from the Naval Academy in Anapolis in 1916 . He attended graduate school at MIT and organized the transport of material to North Africa during the Allied invasion and occupation . He later commanded the USS Bunker Hill , and helped to save that ship during the worst suicide attack against America before September 11 . After the war , Seitz became Commander of the Marshall Islands , with the rank of Commodore . According to US Navy records , he was flown from his Headquarters at Kwajalein , on October 15 , 1947 for treatment of a severe case of Bronchial Pneumonia . He died of a " heart ailment " ten days later . He was fifty years old . America detonated two atomic bomb s in the Marshall Islands before Commodore Seitz died . Honors . A school in the Marshall Islands is named for Seitz . George Seitz Elementary School , Kwajalein , Marshall Islands , Pacific Ocean http : / / www . smdc . army . mil / KWAJ / logistics / Personnel / education . html
John Patton ( Colonel ) John Patton ( Colonel ) was born 1745 in Sligo , Ireland . He immigrated to Philadelphia about 1765 . John Patton married Jane Davis in March 7 , 1777 and they had 11 children : Rachael , Benjamin , William , John , Francis , Joseph , Edward , Anna , Jane , Samuel and Ellen . John Patton died 1804 in Centre County , Pennsylvania . Patton was a major in Samuel Miles ' Pennsylvania State Rifle Regiment and distinguished himself in command of the unit ' s 2nd Battalion during the New York Campaign . George Washington authorized him to raise Patton ' s Additional Continental Regiment . John Parke and Peter Scull became the field officers while Patton was promoted to colonel . Seven companies were recruited from Pennsylvania , New Jersey , and Delaware . From May 1777 , the regiment fought as part of the 4th Virginia Brigade in the Philadelphia Campaign . In July 1778 the unit was reassigned to the Highlands Department . In January 1779 , Patton ' s Regiment was merged with other units to become the " new " 11th Pennsylvania Regiment . However , Captain Allen McLane ' s Delaware company was reassigned to the 1st Delaware Regiment . Captains John Lesher , Michael Furrer , George Miller and Michael Wolfe all served under Patton ' s command . After the war he partnered with Colonel Samuel Miles and was a co - founder of the Centre Furnace . In 1794 Patton Township , Centre County , Pennsylvania was formed and named for John Patton . John Patton was originally buried near Shingletown , Pennsylvania . In 1938 his body was moved to Riverview Cemetery in Huntington County , Pennsylvania . References . town
John Howell Collier John Howell Collier ( 1899 – 1980 ) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army . He was notable as a commander of 2nd Armored Division units in World War II and as the Army ’ s Chief of Armor . Early life . Nicknamed “ Pee Wee ” because of his diminutive ( 5 ’ 2 ” ) stature , Collier was born in Uvalde , Texas on September 8 , 1898 . He joined the Texas National Guard and served in the Villa Expedition . Subsequent military career . Collier attended the United States Military Academy , from which he graduated in 1918 . After receiving his commission Collier was assigned to Europe to carry out an observation tour of World War I battlefields . Assigned to the Cavalry branch , he completed the Cavalry Officer Basic Course in 1920 . He served in assignments throughout the United States , including instructor at New Mexico Military Institute and postings to Ft . Riley , Kansas , Ft . Benning , Georgia and the Philippines . Collier graduated from the Cavalry Regular Course in 1937 , and the Advanced Equitation Course in 1938 . World War II . After graduating from the Command and General Staff College in 1941 Collier was assigned to the 2nd Armored Division for World War II . He served in Africa and Europe as commander of the division ’ s 3rd Battalion 66th Armored Regiment , and succeeded to command of Combat Command A when Maurice Rose was assigned to command the 3rd Armored Division . He then commanded the 2nd Armored Division from June to September , 1945 . Post World War II . Collier continued his service after World War II , including high profile assignments as the Army ’ s Inspector of Armor , and commander of the U . S . Army Armor Center and School . Korean War . After serving as the Chief of Armor , Collier assumed command of I Corps in Korea on July 13 , 1954 . In November he was assigned additional duty as interim deputy commander of the Eighth United States Army until the arrival of the permanent deputy commander , Lt . Gen . Claude B . Ferenbaugh , in early January 1955 . Ferenbaugh retired at the end of June and Collier relinquished command of I Corps to become deputy commander of Eighth Army and U . S . Army Forces Far East . He promptly made nationwide headlines when he attempted to prevent U . S . service members from fraternizing with South Korean women , an effort that proved unsuccessful when commanders in areas outside Eighth Army control did not follow Collier ' s example . Post Korean War . Collier returned to the United States in 1955 to assume command of the Fourth United States Army , where he served until his 1958 retirement . Awards and decorations . General Collier ’ s decorations included multiple awards of the Distinguished Service Medal , two awards of the Silver Star , and multiple awards of the Legion of Merit and Bronze Star . Retirement and death . After his 1958 retirement Collier resided in San Antonio , Texas , where he died on April 21 , 1980 . Collier was buried at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery , Section M Site 105 - C .