naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Glasgow ( 1560 ) The Battle of Glasgow , 18 March 1560 , was fought by supporters of the Scottish Reformation against French troops . Background . The rule of Mary of Guise as Regent of Scotland was challenged by the Protestant Lords of the Congregation . Guise obtained French military support , and the Lords invited an English army under the terms of their Treaty of Berwick ( 1560 ) . Just a few days before the conflict began to centre on the Siege of Leith , there was a battle at Glasgow . The battle . According to a French journal of events , the foot soldiers of the Congregation left Fife for Glasgow on 3 March 1560 . The leader of the Lords of the Congregation , the former Regent Arran , left Glasgow for Hamilton on the 17 March 1560 leaving 25 men in the Bishop ' s Palace and 13 in the Steeple of the Cathedral . Henri Cleutin , sieur de Villeparisis , led his French troops to Glasgow in the morning of 18 March . The mounted French Harquebusiers were resisted by 70 Scots commanded by a son of the Earl of Glencairn . This party had remained in Glasgow to destroy provisions left behind during the evacuation . Twice the French and Scots fought at the bridge , but finally the Scots were drawn into the open and ' cut to pieces . ' The others were taken prisoner , and the leaders hanged . Mercy was offered to any of the rest who renounced the Congregation . Later in the afternoon the garrison in the Palace and Steeple surrendered under terms . This French account of the battle is confirmed by a letter from Arran to Norfolk . Arran said he had left a garrison at Glasgow to buy 48 hours time . When the French entered the Castle they ignited gunpowder in one of the towers by accident and 13 were killed . Arran said there were 30 Scots fighting at the bridge who killed 8 Frenchmen . The French then returned to Leith shadowed by 800 Scots horsemen led by James Hamilton , 3rd Earl of Arran . The Earl skirmished with the French at Callendar woods . The chronicler Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie points out that the Scots did not engage their full force with the French at this time because their allies , the English fleet commanded by William Winter , had just arrived .
Sangin Sniper The Sangin Sniper was one , possibly two , mercenary sniper s employed by the Taliban insurgency who killed one and wounded two U . S . troops and killed one British Army Engineer , in the town of Sangin in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan during the War in Afghanistan in August 2010 . On August 13 , 2010 the Sangin Sniper fired a single round , killing a Marine that stepped out of his armoured fighting vehicle about 100 metres from a secure base . The Marine belonged 3rd Combat Engineer Battalion . His name was SSGT . Michael A . Bock who received a silver star posthumously for his courageous actions performed in Afghanistan . On August 13 , 2010 the sniper shot Darren Foster , a 20 - year - old British army engineer , who was walking in a bunker ed pathway . The sniper waited until Foster approached a 9 - inch - gap in the post ' s bullet - resistant glass , put there to allow guards to fire their weapons , fired a single timed shot and killed Foster as he walked past the gap . On August 14 , 2010 the sniper shot a United States Marine tank mechanic in the torso as he carried sandbags across a small bridge . The mechanic ' s personal armour prevented the round from harming him . Ironically it was the Marines Birthday . Corporal Logan Kessinger . On August 15 , 2010 the sniper fired a shot that ricocheted off a tank , and hit but did not penetrate the kevlar helmet of U . S . Marine Lance Corporal Derek Simpson , of the Third Combat Engineer Battalion . Shortly thereafter , the sniper hit a second Marine who belonged to 3 / 7 Weapons Co . in the leg ; he was pulled to cover by Corporal Dustin St . Clair . American and British special forces reacted by deploying their own sniper team s . Local Afghanistan civilians located a group of about six foreign - trained mercenary snipers working in the region , including the Sangin Sniper . Special Forces confirmed through close surveillance the precise co - ordinates of the snipers , then called in United States Air Force F - 16 jets , which dropped their Joint Direct Attack Munition s and killed the Sangin Sniper .
Rheinmetall KZO KZO ( " Kleinflugzeug für Zielortung " , German for " small aircraft for target acquisition " ) is an unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) with stealth characteristics manufactured by Rheinmetall Defence Electronics of Germany . A KZO system consists of 10 UAVs and 2 ground units , consisting of one control station , one radio , one launch , one maintenance vehicle with a refuelling facility for the UAVs and one recovery vehicle . The UAV is launched with a booster rocket directly out of its container . Landing is done with a parachute . The KZO ' s main objective is to locate mobile threats and provide target locations for artillery . KZO replaced the German Army ' s other main UAV , Drohne CL 289 . The Taifun attack drone was a concept of an armed variant fitted with an intelligent millimeter - wave radar seeker that perform search and destroy attacks autonomously . It destroys its target with a hollow - charge warhead . However , the German Army decided against this concept in favor of the IAI Harop . Two electronic warfare variants have also been developed as the Mücke ( " mosquito " ) and the Fledermaus ( " bat " ) .
HMS D3 HMS " D3 " was a British D class submarine built by Vickers , Barrow . " D3 " was laid down on 15 March 1910 and was commissioned on 30 August 1911 . During her career , " D3 " returned from the second Heligoland Bight patrol along with " D2 " , " E5 " and " E7 " . Sinking . " D3 " met her fate on 12 March 1918 . She was mistakenly bombed and sunk by a French airship AT - 0 off Fecamp in the English Channel and lost with all hands . AT - 0 was patrolling when at 1420 a vessel was spotted to her north east . The airship drew close for recognition purposes and according to her commander , Lieutenant ( RCN ) William McKinstry Heriot - Maitland - Dougall the submarine fired rockets at her . Four 52 - kg bombs were dropped by the airship . The submarine disappeared but several minutes later men were seen in the water . Attempts were made by the airship to rescue the men but it proved too difficult . The airship withdrew to seek help but all the men had drowned by the time it arrived . It is clear that " D3 " was the victim of a serious identification error on the part of the French airship , with identification rockets being mistaken for aggressive gunfire .
123rd Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 123rd Infantry Division ( " 123 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on April 1 , 1915 and organized over the next several weeks . It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was a Royal Saxon division , made up of troops from that kingdom . It was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of regular infantry divisions which were being triangularized . The division ' s 245th Infantry Brigade was the former 64th Infantry Brigade of the 32nd ( 3rd Royal Saxon ) Infantry Division , and came to the division with the 182nd Infantry Regiment . The 106th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 24th ( 2nd Royal Saxon ) Reserve Division and the 178th Infantry Regiment came from the 23rd ( 1st Royal Saxon ) Infantry Division . The division ' s 193rd Infantry Platoon came from Yugoslavia . Combat chronicle . The 123rd Infantry Division initially fought on the Western Front in World War I , entering the line in the Aisne region in mid - April 1915 . Later in 1915 , it fought in the Battle of Loos . It remained on the front in the Flanders and Artois regions into 1916 , and in July entered the Battle of the Somme , where it reportedly lost 6 , 000 men . It was transferred to the Eastern Front at the end of the month , where it went into the line near Lake Narač until November 1917 , when it returned to the Western Front . It went into the line near Verdun until May 1918 . It later fought in the Second Battle of the Marne and then returned to the line near Verdun . Late in 1918 , it faced the Allied Meuse - Argonne Offensive . It remained in the line until the end of the war . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class and of mediocre combat value . Order of battle on formation . The 123rd Infantry Division was formed as a triangular division . The order of battle of the division on April 1 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent relatively few organizational changes over the course of the war . The 182nd Infantry Regiment was sent to the newly formed 212th Infantry Division in 1916 and was replaced by the 425th Infantry Regiment , which was in turn replaced by the 351st Infantry Regiment . Cavalry was reduced , artillery and signals commands were formed , and combat engineer support was expanded to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on June 3 , 1918 was as follows :
164th Ohio Infantry The 164th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 164th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 164th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Cleveland in Cleveland , Ohio and mustered in May 11 , 1864 for 100 days service under the command of Colonel John C . Lee . The regiment left Ohio for Washington , D . C . , May 14 and was attached to 1st Brigade , DeRussy ' s Division , XXII Corps . It was assigned to duty on south side of the Potomac River as garrison at Fort C . F . Smith , Fort Strong , Fort Bennett , Fort Haggerty and other forts and batteries in the defenses of Washington , D . C . until August . Participated in the repulse of Early ' s attack on Washington July 11 – 12 . The 164th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service August 27 , 1864 . Ohio National Guard . Over 35 , 000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864 . Shipped to the Eastern Theater , they were designed to be placed in " safe " rear areas to protect railroads and supply points , thereby freeing regular troops for Lt . Gen . Ulysses S . Grant ’ s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond , Virginia . As events transpired , many units found themselves in combat , stationed in the path of Confederate Gen . Jubal Early ’ s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864 . Ohio Guard units met the battle - tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington , D . C . from capture . Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy , Fort Stevens , Harpers Ferry , and in the siege of Petersburg . Casualties . The regiment lost 18 enlisted men during service , all due to disease .
Australian General Service Medal Korea The Australian General Service Medal for Korea ( AGSMK ) recognises former defence force personnel who completed 30 days of service in operations in South Korea , including any location seaward from the coast of South Korea , during the post - Armistice period , 28 July 1953 to 19 April 1956 . The medal was established by letters patent by the Queen on 24 November 2009 and further determination approved by the Governor General on 12 March 2010 . The AGSMK was announced on 12 February 2010 by the Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Support , the Hon Dr Mike Kelly AM MP , following the recommendations of the 2005 Post - Armistice Korean Service Review . Description . The AGSMK is a circular nickel - silver medal 38mm in diameter ensigned with the Federation Star . The obverse has a central design of a relief map of South Korea superimposed over polar projection lines representing the United Nations and surrounded by the words " Australian General Service Medal Korea " . Centred on the reverse are the words " Post Armistice Service 1953 – 1956 " surrounded by Australian gum leaves and blossoms with two Federation Stars included in the bottom left and right hand quadrants . The medal has an antique silver finish with a raised polished outer edge . The medal ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and has a central yellow stripe 8mm wide , flanked by 6mm stripes of blue , which in turn are flanked by 6mm stripes white . The ribbon colours are representative of the colours used for the Korea Medal and the United Nations Korea Medal . The ribbon bar consists of a strip of full - sized ribbon with no emblem . Order of wear . The AGSMK is placed immediately after the Australian Service Medal 1945 – 1975 in the Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards .
Christopher Haun Christopher Alexander " Alex " Haun ( September 14 , 1821 – December 11 , 1861 ) was a potter from Greene County , Tennessee , regarded as one of the most notable and skilled of the antebellum period . During the American Civil War , he was executed by the Confederate States of America for participation in the East Tennessee bridge - burning conspiracy . Haun was one of many examples in 19th century Tennessee of what were later referred to as family potters , rural potters who ran businesses , often part - time as a supplement to farming and with the aid of their families , supplying practical vessels for local use . Stephen T . Rogers of the Tennessee Historical Commission writes that Haun " produced some of the most beautiful and finely crafted lead - glazed earthenware in Tennessee " . Haun and a number of potters lived in a part of Greene County referred to as Pottertown , using local clay found near Lick Creek . Pottertown was a staunchly Unionist enclave in a Confederate State . Union supporter Reverend William Blount Carter launched a plan , with the approval of President Abraham Lincoln , to destroy Tennessee bridges in order to disrupt the Confederate railroad system . Haun and other local potters were recruited to destroy the bridge over Lick Creek . On November 8 , 1861 , after being sworn into Company F of the 2nd Regiment Tennessee Volunteer Infantry , they proceeded to the bridge and destroyed it . There they captured Confederate sentries and released them after they swore an oath to the union . The Confederate soldiers , however , informed the authorities and Haun and four others were captured . Haun and three of the others were hanged at the Knoxville , Tennessee jail on December 11 . Before he died , he wrote to his wife regarding the disposition of his pottery business and concluded : I have the promise that my body will be sent home to you . < br > O live for heaven , < br > Oh my bosom friend and children , < br > Live for heaven I pray . < br > My time is almost out , dear friend , farewell to this world — farewell to earth and earthly troubles .
Bibliography of Colditz Castle Bibliography of Colditz Castle is a list of works about Colditz Castle , its history as POW camp Oflag IV - C , the attempts to escape Oflag IV - C and many prisoners memoirs . Books in whole or in part about Colditz POW camp . Ron Baybutt , Johannes Lange was longtime Colditz town resident who took the escape attempt photographs . Michael Booker , avid UK collector of Colditz memorabilia . A . Peter Bräuer and Gerhard Weber , detailed history of Colditz town and castle . Paul Brickhill , former POW himself , and author of " The Great Escape " . Jack Champ and Colin Burgess , Champ was Colditz POW . Henry Chancellor , tells the prisoners ' own stories based on interviews with many of them . Gris Davies - Scourfield , Colditz POW . David Dunn , Colditz tour guide . Reinhold Eggers , Colditz Duty officer , then Security officer from November 1940 until April 1945 . Green , Julius Morris , Colditz POW . F . Guigues , Colditz French POW . Lord Harewood , Colditz ' Prominenten ' POW . Larive , E . H . , Colditz Dutch POW . Kenneth Lockwood , Colditz POW , edits this mostly then ( and now ) picture book . S . P . Mackenzie , Colditz compared to other POW camps . Walter Morison , Colditz POW for trying to steal a German airplane . Airey Neave , First British Colditz escapee , and MI9 member . Jack Pringle , Colditz POW . Miles Reid , WWI veteran and the oldest British prisoner in Colditz . Escaped by feigning illness and getting himself repatriated . Patrick Reid , British escapee , his first book is basis for UK TV Series " Colditz " , which ran from October , 1972 until April , 1974 . Jim Rogers , Colditz POW . Giles Romilly and Michael Alexander , both ' Prominenten ' Colditz POWs . Georg Martin Schädlich , Colditz guard , and ' keeper of the keys ' . C . E . T . Warren and James Benson , Colditz POW . J . E . R . Wood , first postwar Colditz POW book . Other books ( where Colditz is at least mentioned ) . Barry , Rupert . Cash , William . Gleeson , Janet . Graham , Burton . Langer , Herbert . Marshall Cavendish Corporation . McAvoy , George E . McCombs , Don , and Fred L . Worth . Melton , H . Keith . Mills , John . Nafziger , George . " Official Reports from the Camps : Oflag IVC , Colditz " . Petre , F . Loraine . Rabb , Theodore K . Ramsden , John . Schumann , Robert . Shoemaker , Lloyd R .
Luis de Córdova y Córdova Luis de Córdova y Córdova ( 8 February 1706 – 29 December 1796 ) was a Spanish admiral . He is best known for his command of the Spanish fleet during the American War of Independence . His best remembered actions were the capture of two British convoys totalling 79 ships between 1780 and 1782 , including the capture of 55 ships from a convoy composed of Indiamen , and other cargo ships 60 leagues off Cape St . Vincent . In 1782 he battled the Royal Navy to a stalemate at the Battle of Cape Spartel , but failed to prevent the British relieving the Great Siege of Gibraltar . Early life . Córdova was born in Seville to don Juan de Córdova Lasso de la Vega y Puente , a mariner , navy captain , and knight of the Order of Calatrava , and doña Clemencia Fernández de Córdova Lasso de la Vega Veintimiglia , daughter of the Marquis of Vado del Maestre and first - cousin of her husband . He was baptised at San Miguel parish on 12 February . His inclination toward the sea began at a young age — at 11 he enlisted aboard his father ' s ship and by 13 he had made his first journey to America . In 1721 he joined the naval academy at Cádiz and by 1723 graduated with the rank of " Alférez de Fragata " ( ensign ) . The first lap of his career was marked by successful cruises and actions at sea that won the approval of his superiors and even the praise of the King . In 1730 Córdova had the distinction of commanding the naval escort for the Duke of Parma , Infante Carlos de Borbón ( later Charles III of Spain ) , who journeyed across the Mediterranean en route to the campaigns in Italy . Carlos and his generals went on to reconquer the Kingdom of Naples for the Bourbons at the Battle of Bitonto , with naval assistance from a squadron commanded by Córdova . The city of Cordova , Alaska was named after him .
Vääpeli Vääpeli ( Fältväbel in Swedish ) is a Finnish and former Swedish Non - commissioned officer military rank above Ylikersantti ( Översergeant ) and below Ylivääpeli ( Överfältväbel ) . The rank is derived from the German rank Feldwebel and was used as a rank in the Landsknecht ( 15th and 16th century ) for the one who was responsible for aligning troops during battle . Yksikön vääpeli . Vääpeli may also refer to a position of " yksikön vääpeli ( " vääpeli of the unit " , " commonly " " komppanian vääpeli " , " vääpeli of the company " ) " , a position comparable to First Sergeant of US . armed forces or Company Sergeant Major of the Commonwealth countries ' armed forces except when it comes to the rank of person holding the position , which in Finnish Defence Force may be either commissioned or non - commissioned officer while in USA and Commonwealth countries equal position is always held by an NCO , in company ' s ( or battery ' s ) chain of command " yksikön vääpeli " is second to company commander only and thereby above all the other commissioned and non - commissioned officers in company even if they outrank him / her . Usually the position is held by a lieutenant or a senior lieutenant , but it ' s not unheard of for a sergeant to hold the position of " yksikön vääpeli " . The term " yksikköupseeri " ( officer of the unit ) , although officially discontinued ever since July 2009 , is still sometimes used for the same position , equivalent term for the artillery is " patteriupseeri ( ' officer of the battery ' , obsolete ) " or " patterin vääpeli , vääpeli of the battery . "
Frederick Bowhill Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick William Bowhill , GBE , KCB , CMG , DSO & Bar ( 1 September 1880 – 12 March 1960 ) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force before and during World War II . RAF career . Bowhill started his career as a midshipman in the merchant navy in 1896 . In 1912 he attended the Central Flying School and in 1914 he was given command of the seaplane carrier HMS " Empress " . He became Officer Commanding No . 8 Squadron of the Royal Naval Air Service in 1915 and Station Commander at RNAS Felixstowe in 1918 . Later that year he commanded RNAS Killingholme . After the War Bowhill was not to rest for long from operational service . In 1920 he was the Chief of Staff to Group Captain Robert Gordon for the highly successful Somaliland campaign . He went on to be Officer Commanding the RAF Depot in Egypt in 1925 , Senior Air Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Iraq Command in 1928 and Director of Organisation and Staff Duties at the Air Ministry in 1929 . In 1931 he was appointed Air Officer Commanding the Fighting Area of the Air Defence of Great Britain and in 1933 he became Air Member for Personnel . He served in World War II initially as Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at RAF Coastal Command , then as Air Officer Commanding RAF Ferry Command , in which capacity using his knowledge of the sea he properly identified the likely position of the German battleship Bismarck using a Catalina flying boat allowing it to be sunk . His last appointment was as Air Officer Commanding RAF Transport Command in 1943 before retiring in 1945 .
David Allen ( Royal Navy officer ) Rear Admiral Sir David Allen , KCVO , CBE ( 14 June 1933 – 1994 ) was a senior Royal Navy officer who served as Defence Services Secretary from 1988 to 1991 . Naval career . Educated at Hutchesons ' Grammar School in Glasgow and the Royal Naval College , Dartmouth , Allen joined the Royal Navy in 1949 . He became secretary to the Naval Secretary in 1973 , Fleet Supply Officer in 1975 and secretary to the Controller of the Navy in 1978 . He joined the staff of the Flag Officer , Naval Air Command in 1981 and became secretary to the First Sea Lord in 1982 before becoming commanding officer of HMS " Cochrane " in 1985 . He was Chief Naval Supply and Secretariat Officer as well as Defence Services Secretary from 1988 to 1991 when he retired . Family . In 1962 he married Margaret Gwendolin Todd ; they had two sons .
Georg Schewe Georg Schewe ( 24 November 1909 – 16 September 1989 ) was a famous " Korvettenkapitän " with the Kriegsmarine during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Schewe sailed with " U - 60 " and " U - 105 " , sinking sixteen ships on ten patrols , for a total of 85 . 779 tons of Allied shipping of which 71 , 450 tons on one patrol alone . It was the second most successful patrol of World War II , second only to Günther Hessler ' s patrol on " U - 107 " .
3rd Army Group ( Yugoslavia ) The 3rd Army Group was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded the 3rd Army and 5th Army during the German - led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II . It was commanded by General Milan Nedić , and was responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar , and the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border .