naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Blazer ' s Scouts Blazer ' s Scouts was the name for a military company aligned with the Union Army during the second half of the American Civil War . They were particularly active in tracking down and confronting Confederate partisans and guerrilla s in West Virginia and Virginia , particularly those of Colonel John S . Mosby . History . Colonel Carr B . White organized the original cavalry company ( initially known as the Brigade Scouts or Spencer ' s Scouts ) at Fayetteville , West Virginia , in mid - September 1863 . They were first commanded by Captain John W . Spencer of the 9th West Virginia Infantry , but he soon was replaced by two lieutenants from Ohio regiment s , the 12th and 91st . Men from these three regiments constituted the unit . After engaging in several operations to negate the Confederate partisans , the scouts were disbanded only two months after being formed , although they did take the field briefly in December . Brigadier General George Crook , the commander of the Army of West Virginia ( also known as the VIII Corps ) reformed the unit in the spring of 1864 under Lieutenant Richard R . Blazer , and the company became popularly known as Blazer ' s Scouts . Their mission was to protect Union supply lines and also combat Confederate guerrilla parties . They were hand - picked men selected from the 5th , 9th , 13th and 14th West Virginia infantry regiments , 2nd West Virginia Cavalry and the 12th , 23rd , 34th and 36th Ohio volunteer infantry regiments . They played important roles in the " Dublin Raid " on the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and in Major General David Hunter ' s Lynchburg Raid . Reassigned with the VIII Corps to the Army of the Shenandoah under Philip H . Sheridan , Blazer ' s Scouts began dueling with Mosby ' s Rangers in a series of operations in the Shenandoah Valley during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 . They used the superior firepower of their Spencer repeating rifle s effectively , and initially thwarted Confederate efforts in the region . However , on November 18 , 1864 , at Kabletown , West Virginia , Mosby was able to defeat Blazer ' s Scouts , inflicting 42 casualties , almost half of the Union force . In January 1865 , Blazer ' s Scouts were officially disbanded .
Victor Deguise Lieutenant - General Victor Deguise ( 22 December 1855 – 18 March 1925 ) was a Belgian general responsible for the defence of Antwerp during World War I . Career . Deguise entered the Belgian Army in 1874 as a lieutenant in the engineering corps . By 1888 he was appointed as professor of fortifications at the Military Academy of the Belgian Army . Between 1909 and 1911 he was the commander of the engineering units in Brussels . Between 1911 and 1914 he was a director of the 3rd military district in Belgium , responsible for fortifications . At the outbreak of World War I he was the military governor of the important port city of Antwerp ( at that time the third largest port of the world ) . After the German attack on Belgium on 4 August 1914 , he was ordered by king Albert I of Belgium , the commander - in - chief of the army , that he must hold Antwerp by all means . Deguise managed to withstand determined German attacks until the beginning of October , thus enabling the escape of significant Belgian and British military personnel towards Nieuwport . However the arrival of heavy German siege guns ( such as the Big Bertha ) made his position untenable , and he was forced to surrender the city on 10 October 1914 . He was captured by the Germans and imprisoned in a prisoner - of - war camp until the end of the war in 1918 .
Eyal Ben - Reuven Aluf Eyal Ben - Reuven ( ; born 1954 ) is a retired major general in the Israel Defense Forces and commander of the military colleges and senior field commander . He enlisted in the IDF in 1972 as a member of the Armor Corps . Reuven participated in the 1973 Yom Kippur War , fighting both near the Suez Canal and at the Golan Heights . He commanded an armor battalion the 1982 Lebanon War . While in the IDF Reuven graduated from the Command and Staff College and later studied at the U . S . Army War College in Carlisle , Pennsylvania . He has also received a B . A . in political science from the University of Haifa . Ben - Reuven was the deputy commander of the Northern Command in the 2006 Lebanon War . After retirement from the army he became director of the Born to Freedom Foundation which works to secure the release of Israeli prisoners of war .
George Egerton ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir George Le Clerc Egerton KCB ( 17 October 1852 – 30 March 1940 ) was a senior Royal Navy officer who rose to become Second Sea Lord . Naval career . Egerton joined the Royal Navy in 1866 . He served on the Arctic Expedition of 1875 - 76 . In 1893 he was appointed a Naval Attaché before serving with the Naval Brigade in Mombasa in 1895 and he was Chief of Staff for the Benin Expedition in 1897 . In June 1901 , by then a Captain , he was transferred to the President for service at the Admiralty . He was appointed Second - in - Command of the Atlantic Fleet in 1906 : Egerton flew his flag on HMS " Victorious " , with Captain Robert Scott as his flag captain . He became Commander - in - Chief , Cape of Good Hope Station in 1908 and Second Sea Lord in 1911 . He served in World War I as Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . He had previously served as ADC to King Edward VII , and retired in 1916 . Family . A grandson of The Rev Sir Philip Grey - Egerton , 9th Bt , he married first in 1882 Frances Emily Gladstone ; they had two sons and a daughter .
VF - 202 The Fighter Squadron VF - 202 " Superheats " was an aviation unit of the United States Naval Reserve based at Naval Air Station Dallas , Texas ( USA ) . It was established in 1970 as part of Reserve Carrier Air Wing 20 ( CVWR - 20 ) and disestablished in 1994 . During its service VF - 202 could be identified by the tail code " AF - 2XX " . History . VF - 202 was established on the 1 July 1970 out of reserve fighter squadron VF - 53D2 . The squadron first flew the Vought F - 8H Crusader and transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas F - 4N Phantom II in 1976 . Later the squadron was upgraded to the F - 4S . Eleven years later VF - 202 transitioned to the Grumman F - 14A Tomcat , receiving their first aircraft on 27 March 1987 . Due to the squadron ' s reserve status the transition took longer than for an active unit , not being concluded until May 1988 , when VF - 202 carrier qualified with their new planes on board the aircraft carrier . VF - 202 was equipped with two TARPS Pods ( Tactical Aerial Recon Pod System ) giving the squadron an extra task after the North American RA - 5C Vigilante and RF - 8G Crusader had been phased out . 1988 saw the squadron take part in the Reconnaissance Air Meet at Bergstrom AFB , Texas , along with several other F - 14 squadrons , including VF - 124 . Even with the force reduction after the end of the Cold War and continuing budget cuts one would have expected that the TARPS capable squadron would not be disestablished . However , due to the high airframe time of VF - 202 ' s F - 14s had , it was decided to disestablish VF - 202 and make their F14 sister squadron VF - 201 TARPS capable . VF202 was accordingly disestablished on 31 December 1994 and its aircraft redistributed to active duty F - 14 squadrons . ( 202 was cheated - plain and simple ) Squadron Awards . In 1994 VF202 received the highest CWTPI score in COMFITWINGLANT history . As cited by inspectors as " the most professional squadron ever observed " .
Charles Dennis Fisher Charles Dennis Fisher ( 19 June 1877 – 31 May 1916 ) , was a British academic , the son of historian Herbert William Fisher . He died in the Battle of Jutland during World War I . Biography . Fisher was born on 19 June 1877 in Blatchington Court , Blatchington , Sussex , England , and baptised in East Blatchington on 4 August 1877 . He was ninth of the eleven children of Herbert William Fisher ( 1826 – 1903 ) and his wife Mary Louisa ( née Jackson ) ( 1841 – 1916 ) . His siblings included : H . A . L . Fisher , historian and Minister of Education ; Admiral Sir William Wordsworth Fisher , Commander - in - Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet ; Florence Henrietta , Lady Darwin , playwright and wife of Sir Francis Darwin ( son of Charles Darwin ) ; and Adeline Vaughan Williams , wife of English composer Ralph Vaughan Williams . Fisher was educated at Westminster School , matriculating to Christ Church , Oxford in 1896 , where he gained his B . A . in 1900 and his Master in 1903 . A fine cricketer , he played in the University eleven in 1900 . He was elected Tutor in Christ Church in 1903 and served as Senior Censor from 1910 to 1914 , described as one of Oxford ' s " most prominent members of its educational staff " . Fond of exercise , he liked hiking through the Austrian Alps and also undertook long walking tours through Italy with the aim of better appreciating the Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus . He had already edited two of Tacitus ' s works , his " Annals " and " Histories " , for the Clarendon Press , and his texts were described as " models of sense and clearness " ; he was following this by writing a commentary on the " Histories " as a companion to Henry Furneaux ' s edition of the " Annals " . At the start of World War I in 1914 he learnt to drive , joined the Royal Army Medical Corps Motor Ambulance and served on the Western Front as orderly and interpreter , distinguishing himself for bravery under fire . He then underwent a short period of training , and joined the Royal Navy in August 1915 . He was lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve , and was serving on HMS " Invincible " when she was sunk in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 with the loss of 1026 lives . The biographer of his sister Adeline ' s husband describes Charles Fisher as " brilliant and most dashing of Adeline ' s brothers " and tells how his death was " a blow from which she never recovered " . An obituary in " The Times " described him as a " lovable man , big , handsome , manly , noble " , with " penetrating judgment " and " refreshing frankness " , who " hated shams , and knew a good man when he saw him " . It concludes , " His college mourns in him one of the best she has known . If it had not been for the existing necessity of holy orders , it is in Charles Fisher that Christ Church would naturally have expected to find its next Dean . "
40th Flight Test Squadron The 40th Flight Test Squadron is a United States Air Force unit . It is assigned to the 46th Operations Group , based at Eglin AFB , Florida . History . Operational history . Combat in Southwest and Western Pacific , June 2 , 1942 – August 14 , 1945 . Served in the occupation force in Japan , 1945 – 1950 . Combat in Korea , July 8 , 1950 – May 25 , 1951 . Air defense in Japan and Korea , June 1951 – June 1965 . Trained cadres for transfer to Southeast Asia , 1966 – 1969 . Not manned , May 10 , 1969 – October 15 , 1970 and June 1 , 1972 – April 30 , 1982 .
Tupolev DB - 1 The Tupolev DB - 1 was a Soviet long - range bomber developed in the 1930s . It was developed from the Tupolev ANT - 25 distance record - breaking aircraft . Development was prolonged and it was recognized as obsolete by the time it was in production . Only eighteen were built and all were withdrawn from service in 1937 . Development . The possibilities of exchanging some of the fuel of the ANT - 25 for bombs and / or cameras was recognized early in its development and the VVS issued a requirement for an aircraft to carry over an operational radius of at a speed of . The Tupolev OKB had prepared a design and built a mock - up by August 1933 , using the internal designation of ANT - 36 , and the VVS approved both . Series production of a first batch of 24 , out of a planned total of 50 , was initiated in the new Factory No . 18 at Voronezh in 1934 , but only a total of 18 were built before the program was canceled . The airframe , engine and crew compartments were retained from the ANT - 25 almost unchanged , although the co - pilot ' s and navigator ' s positions were each given one DA machine gun for defense . The DB - 1 ( long - range bomber model 1 ) , as it was designated in VVS service , was given a smooth skin and a bomb bay was built in the wing center section that carried ten FAB - 100 bombs nose - up . An AFA - 14 camera was mounted in the rear cockpit , but other cameras could be carried in lieu of the bombs . Operational history . The DB - 1 ' s first flight was in 1934 , but the first production aircraft wasn ' t tested until the autumn of 1935 . It was rejected by the VVS because of poor manufacturing quality . Only ten aircraft were placed into service by the VVS which equipped one regiment based near the factory at Voronezh . All of these were retired by the VVS in 1937 . Variants . The remainder of these aircraft were used for a variety of tasks . One was fitted with the first flight - cleared Charomskii AN - 1 diesel engine for flight testing . The change in the center of gravity caused many problems and the undercarriage had to be made non - retractable . Two others were selected in 1938 for distance record attempts with all - female crews , but an Ilyushin DB - 3 was ultimately chosen instead .
William Graham ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir William Graham GCB ( 10 September 1826 – 31 May 1907 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy . Naval career . Graham was appointed a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1849 and served in the Baltic Sea during the Crimean War in 1855 and at the capture of Canton during the Second Opium War in 1857 . Promoted to Captain in 1863 , he was given command of HMS " Danae " , HMS " Immortalité " , HMS " Resistance " , HMS " Black Prince " and then HMS " Aurora " . He was appointed Captain of the training school HMS " Britannia " in 1875 , Admiral - Superintendent of Malta dockyard in 1882 and Third Naval Lord and Controller of the Navy in 1886 . His last appointment was as President of the Royal Naval College , Greenwich in 1888 . He died at 13 Pulteney Street in Bath in 1907 .
Battle of Cassel ( 1071 ) The Battle of Cassel was fought on 22 February 1071 between Robert I of Flanders ( or Robert the Frisian ) and his nephew , Arnulf III ( son of Baldwin VI of Flanders ) . The battle was a victory for Robert I of Flanders , Arnulf III was killed in the battle . Arnulf succeeded his father Baldwin in 1070 and was supported by his mother Richilde , Countess of Mons and Hainaut . However , Robert challenged Arnulf ' s succession to the throne of Flanders and began rallying support mainly in northern Flanders ( where the bulk of Arnulf ' s forces were located ) . Arnulf ' s ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II of Boulogne , Count Eustace III of Boulogne , and Godfrey of Bouillon . Moreover , Arnulf was supported by King Philip I of France since Philip ' s aunt , Adela , married Baldwin V of Flanders . A contingent of ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsborn were among the forces sent by Philip to aid Arnulf . Robert ' s forces attacked Arnulf ' s numerically superior army before it could organize . Arnulf himself was killed along with William FitzOsborn while Richilde was captured by Robert ' s forces . However , Robert himself was also captured by Eustace II . Ultimately , Richilde was exchanged for Robert ' s freedom . Robert became count of Flanders and ruled until 1093 . He gained the friendship of King Philip I of France , by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter , Bertha of Holland .
T - 12 antitank gun 2A19 or T - 12 is a Soviet smoothbore 100 - mm anti - tank gun , which served as the main Eastern Bloc towed anti - tank gun from 1955 until the late 1980s . History . The T - 12 entered service in 1955 , replacing the BS - 3 100 mm field gun . It was typically deployed in anti - tank units of armoured and motor rifle regiments to protect flanks against counter - attacks during rapid advances . In 1970 it was replaced in production by the T - 12A or MT - 12 " Rapira " which features a new smooth bore gun , the 100 mm 2A29 gun , as well as a redesigned carriage and gun - shield to protect the crew from machine gun fire and shell splinters . Thanks to the redesigned carriage with bigger wheel base , the MT - 12 can be towed by the MT - LB , at speeds up to 60 km / h on road or 25 km / h cross - country . The 2A29R " Ruta " or MT - 12R is a version with a RLPK - 1 radar for engaging targets in a poor visibility environment ( smoke / fog ) . From 1981 the gun could fire laser beam - riding guided missiles 9M117 Kastet ( weapon system 9K116 ) and carried the new designator 2A29K " Kastet " or MT - 12K . The weapon was planned to be superseded by the 2A45 Sprut - B 125 mm smooth bore anti - tank gun . Modern western tanks ' frontal armour protection is in excess of what can be penetrated by a 100 mm gun from anything but point - blank range – even using the most modern APFSDS round . For a tank that can manoeuvre to take advantage of the enemy ' s weaknesses this is less of a problem – but for a weapon that is primarily defensive this is a serious problem . Today the T - 12 is applied mostly in the role of ordinary artillery , using FRAG - HE shells . Description . The gun requires a crew of six : commander , driver of the towing vehicle , gun layer , loader , and two ammunition crewmen . When the MT - LB is used as the transporter , twenty rounds are typically carried ( 10 APFSDS , 4 HE - Frag , 6 HEAT ) . Since the weapon is a smoothbore , all the ammunition is finned for accuracy during flight . The standard equipment consists of the panoramic sight PG - 1M for indirect fire , and an OP4M - 40U telescope for direct fire . The APN - 5 - 40 or APN - 6 - 40 are used for direct fire by night . The gun can be fitted with the LO - 7 ski gear for travel across snow or swampy ground . Operators . According to Jane ' s Armour and Artillery , the following countries have or had the T - 12 and / or MT - 12 in service : Ammunition . " Note : penetration numbers for RHA at 90 degrees . " APFSDS - T Tungsten APFSDS Guided projectile . Beam riding laser guided projectile .
8th Alpini Regiment The 8th Alpini Regiment ( ) is a light Infantry regiment of the Italian Army , specializing in Mountain Combat . The Alpini are a mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army , that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II . World War I . During World War I the regiment consisted of 10 battalions and saw heavy fighting in the Alps against Austria ’ s Kaiserjäger and Germany ’ s Alpenkorps . The battalions of the regiment in these days were ( pre - war raised units in bold , followed by their first and second line reserve battalions ) : Equipment . The Alpini companies are equipped with Bv 206S tracked all - terrain carriers , Puma 6x6 wheeled armored personnel carriers and Lince light multirole vehicles . The mortar company is equipped with 120mm mortars , while the anti - tank company fields Spike anti - tank guided missile systems .
Vladimir Kuroyedov Fleet Admiral Vladimir Ivanovich Kuroyedov ( ; born September 5 , 1944 ) is a former longest - serving Commander - in - Chief of the Russian Navy . Earlier he was Chief of Staff / 1st Deputy Commander of the Baltic Fleet , Chief of Staff / 1st Deputy Commander of the Pacific Fleet since 1993 and Chief of the Main Staff / 1st Deputy Commander - in - Chief of the Navy . Kuroyedov graduated from the Pacific S . O . Makarov Higher Naval School , the N . G . Kuznetsov Naval Academy and the General Staff Academy . Kuroyedov joined the navy in 1962 , graduating from the S . O . Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1967 . He served aboard frigates in the Pacific Fleet . In 1976 - 78 he studied at the Grechko ( now Kuznetsov ) Naval Academy graduating with distinction . From 1979 to 1987 he served in the Pacific Fleet commanding a division of minesweepers and was Chief of Staff of the Sakhalin Flotilla . From 1987 - 1989 he studied at the Voroshilov General Staff Academy graduating with the gold medal and was promoted to Rear Admiral . In 1993 he became Chief of Staff of the Baltic Fleet and became Commander of the Pacific Fleet in 1994 . He became Chief of the Main Navy Staff in 1997 and was promoted to Commander - in - Chief of the Russian Navy in November 1997 . Kuroyedov was promoted to Fleet Admiral in February 2000 . Kuroyedov tendered his resignation in the wake of the sinking of the Kursk but his resignation was refused . He was retired one day before his 61st birthday in 2005 , mandatory retirement age for Russian senior officers is 60 ( though the President can extend their service tenure in one year increments until 64 ) . Conflicting views on Kuroyedov ' s retirement speculate either that he was fired because he had presided over too many naval embarrassments , including the sinking of the " Kursk " or because the President wished to emphasize the need for greater discipline in the Navy . The simplest reason is that he had already served at the president ' s pleasure one year beyond legal retirement age .
David Hallifax Admiral Sir David John Hallifax , KCB KCVO KBE , ( 3 September 1927 – 23 August 1992 ) was Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle from 1988 until 1992 . Naval career . Hallifax was educated at Winchester College , joined Britannia Royal Naval College , Dartmouth as a cadet in 1945 and spent his early years in minesweepers based in the eastern Mediterranean . His first command was as a young lieutenant in the fast patrol boat " MTB5008 " . In 1954 he qualified as a Torpedo and Anti - Submarine Officer serving in during the Suez Crisis in 1956 and later in in the West Indies . He also commanded the destroyer at home and in East Asia before taking command of in 1973 . Following an appointment to the Ministry of Defence as Director of Naval Operational Requirements , he became Flag Officer First Flotilla , a position once held by his father . It was from here that he went to the Northwood Headquarters as Chief of Staff to Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse , Commander - in - Chief Fleet in 1980 . As Chief of Staff he was responsible for the day - to - day control of the Headquarters during the Falklands Conflict . His next appointment was to the United States of America as the NATO Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic in 1982 . His final appointment was Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1986 . Hallifax retired from the Navy in 1987 . He was a keen yachtsman , competing in the 1971 Admirals Cup aboard the ' Prospect of Whitby ' . He was a skilled woodworker , with a particular interest in fine reproduction furniture . In 1988 he was made Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle . He died of motor neurone disease in 1992 .
Wilhelm Schepmann Wilhelm Schepmann ( 17 June 1894 – 26 July 1970 ) was an SA general ( " Obergruppenführer " ) in Nazi Germany and the last " Stabschef " ( Chief of Staff ) of the Nazi Stormtroopers . He succeeded Viktor Lutze as Stabschef ( SA ) after Lutze was killed in a car accident . He began working to restore the morale and the esteem of the SA and also began cooperating with the SS . He stated , " I will support the Waffen - SS just as much as any other part of the armed forces . The Waffen - SS has been heroic . " Schepmann managed to have units in the Heer ( " Panzerkorps Feldherrnhalle " ) , Kriegsmarine , and Luftwaffe ( " Jagdgeschwader 6 Horst Wessel " ) given SA honour titles , and even a Waffen - SS division ( " 18 . SS Freiwilligen - Panzergrenadier - Division Horst Wessel " ) . Following the war he became involved in the All - German Bloc / League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights . In the early 1950s he served as a member of the Landtag of Lower Saxony in West Germany . He is the father of Richard Schepmann , head of the Neo - Nazi publishing house Teut - Verlag , who was jailed in 1983 for inciting racial hatred .