naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Operation Skorpion Operation Skorpion was a military operation during the North African Campaign of World War II , fought between Axis forces under General Erwin Rommel , and British forces under General " Strafer " Gott on 26 – 27 May 1941 . " Skorpion " was a German counterattack on British positions at Halfaya Pass in northwestern Egypt , in response to Operation Brevity . The German operation was a success , and pushed the British out of Halfaya Pass , and back to the Buq Buq - Sofafi line . " Skorpion " was Rommel ' s second offensive operation since arriving in Africa . Background . After the great British victory over Italian forces in Operation Compass , the German high command sent Rommel and the Deutsches Afrika Korps ( DAK ) to retrieve the situation . Rommel attacked at once , and drove the British forces from central Libya back across the Egyptian border ( except for the fortress of Tobruk ) . Axis forces advanced about 15 kilometers into Egypt , and occupied the coastal town of Sollum , and Halfaya Pass , further southeast . Halfaya Pass is a gap in the escarpment which separates the narrow coastal plain from the Sahara Desert inland , and is about 1 km from the coastline . On 15 – 16 May , British forces attacked in Operation Brevity . The " Brevity " forces pressed through Halfaya Pass and went on to attack the desert flank of the Axis forces all the way to Fort Capuzzo in Libya . They were driven back , but held on to Halfaya Pass . Rommel recognized that Halfaya Pass was a key position , as it allowed movement and supply between the coastal plain and the interior , and determined to regain it . His attack came just ten days later . Rommel ' s attack . During the evening of 26 May , three German assault groups deployed at the foot of Halfaya Pass , between the pass and the coast . These were panzer elements of the DAK , commanded by Maximilian von Herff . They attacked the next morning . Halfaya Pass was defended by the 3rd Battalion Coldstream Guards and supporting units . They fought well but could not stop the Germans from securing a commanding position , leaving the British in danger of being surrounded and cut off . During the morning , General Gott authorized a withdrawal and Lt . Colonel Moubray extricated his force with great skill , but at the cost of 173 casualties ( 100 casualties from the 3rd Coldstream Guards alone ) , ) four field guns , eight anti - tank guns , and five infantry tanks . There were no other British forces close enough to provide support , so General Gott ordered British units to withdraw from the pass , which was re - occupied by the Axis . The DAK had thus retaken all the ground lost to the British during Operation Brevity .
Chung Tan Cang Admiral Chung Tấn Cang ( 22 July 1926 , Gia Định – 24 January 2007 , Bakersfield , California ) was the commander of the Republic of Vietnam Navy from 1963 - 65 . Cang took over in November 1963 after Captain Hồ Tấn Quyền , a Diệm loyalist , was executed during the November 1963 coup that led to Diệm ' s ouster and execution . Cang was one of the " Young Turks " during the era of military juntas in South Vietnam from 1963 - 67 .
Action of 22 June 1803 The Action of 22 June 1803 was a naval battle between the United States Navy and the Tripolitan Navy during the First Barbary War . Two ships from the American squadron blockading Tripoli , the USS " John Adams " and the USS " Enterprise " , met and engaged a Tripolitan polacre along with nine gunboat s . After fighting a sharp action for forty five minutes the gunboats veered off and the polacre was abandoned . The Tripolitians later retook the polacre and were reengaged by the Americans before the vessel was destroyed in a large explosion . Aftermath . The destruction of the Tripolitan polacre was the greatest victory the American navy had yet inflicted over the Tripolitans . As such the confidence and morale of the American Mediterranean squadron ran so high that its commander saw no further need to blockade Tripoli and withdrew his vessels .
Action of Khan Baghdadi The Action of Khan Baghdadi was an engagement during the Mesopotamian Campaign in World War I . The 15th Indian Division had been at Ramadi since its capture of the town in September 1917 . On 9 March 1918 , it advanced and occupied the town of Hit in a bloodless victory , the Ottoman forces evacuating without a shot being fired . The next objective along the Euphrates was the town of Khan al Baghdadi . Most battles in Mesopotamia had been tied to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers . If an attack was successful , the loser would withdraw along the line of the river to prepared positions further back . Securing a proper victory was difficult . In an attempt to break with the usual pattern , the 15th Indian Division were supplied with 300 Ford lorries , the 8th Light Armoured Motor Battery ( armoured cars ) , and the 11th Cavalry Brigade . A mobile blocking force was assembled using divisional infantry in the lorries , the armoured cars , the cavalry brigade , and one of the divisional artillery batteries equipped with double the usual number of horses . This mobile force was then sent on a wide flanking march around Khan Baghdadi , and dug in behind the Ottoman positions . The remainder of the division then assaulted frontally in the normal fashion , and the Ottomans retreated from the town . They then ran unexpectedly into the blocking force , and their discipline quickly crumbled . The entire force of about 5000 men were taken prisoner . The mobile force was then dispatched further up the Euphrates in the direction the Ottomans had expected to retreat . 46 miles further upstream was the settlement of Ana . Here was the main Ottoman supply base , which was now captured along with some high - ranking German officers attached to the Ottoman Army . This was the last attack on the Euphrates Front . The diversion of transport to Dunsterforce during the summer resulted in the CinC of the Mesopotamian Theatre , Sir William Marshall , restricting advances to the Tigris Front only . When the armistice was declared on 1 November 1918 , the 15th Indian Division were back downriver at Fallujah . Notes and references . Perry , F . W . ( 1993 ) . " History of the Great War : Order of Battle of Divisions : Indian Army Divisions Pt . 5B " . Ray Westlake Books . ISBN 1 - 871167 - 23 - X Moberly , F . J . ( 1923 ) . " Official History of the War : Mesopotamia Campaign " , Imperial War Museum . ISBN 1 - 870423 - 30 - 5 Barker , A . J . ( 1967 ) . " The Neglected War : Mesopotamia 1914 - 18 " , Faber and Faber . ISBN 0 - 571 - 08020 - 0
Dwight May Dwight May ( September 8 , 1822 – January 28 , 1880 ) was a politician from the U . S . state of Michigan . Early life . May was born in Sandisfield , Massachusetts to Rockwell and Celestia ( Underwood ) May and moved to Richland , Michigan at the approximate age of twelve . There he worked on the farm and attended district schools . In 1842 , he attended the Kalamazoo branch of the University of Michigan ( now Kalamazoo College ) , entered the sophomore class in 1846 , and graduated in 1849 from the classical department . During that time he became a member of Alpha Delta Phi . In 1849 , he married Amelia S . Kellogg in Sherwood and had three daughters together . After graduating he entered the law office of Lathrop & Duffield in Detroit and in July 1850 was admitted to the bar at the Michigan Supreme Court . The following month he opened an office in Battle Creek , and two years later moved to Kalamazoo forming a co - partnership with Marsh Giddings . In 1854 , he was elected prosecuting attorney and served from 1855 - 1862 . He also served as school inspector for two years and superintendent of the village schools from 1853 to 1856 . In 1861 , May enlisted as a private in the Kalamazoo Light Guards and was elected captain of company I , 2nd Michigan infantry . He resigned from the post that December to attend to personal and legal business . On October 8 , 1862 , he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 25th Michigan infantry at Bolivar , Tennessee , and served through the rest of the American Civil War . May served in the battles of Blackburn ' s Ford , Manassas ( 1st battle ) , Middleburg , Vicksburg , Little Rock and Clarendon . In June 1865 , he succeeded Colonel W . H . Graves and was soon afterward brevet ted brigadier general and mustered out of the service on March 6 , 1866 . Politics . In 1866 , May was elected the 18th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan as well as trustee of the village of Kalamazoo . He served as lieutenant governor from 1867 - 1869 under Governor Henry Crapo ’ s second term . His brother Charles S . May had also served as lieutenant governor from 1863 - 1865 . In 1868 , he was elected to the office of Michigan Attorney General and served from 1869 - 1873 under Governor Henry P . Baldwin . In 1874 , he was elected president of the village of Kalamazoo and was re - elected the following year . Death . Dwight May died at the age of fifty - seven and was buried at Mountain Home Cemetery of Kalamazoo .
Military volunteer A military volunteer is a person who enlists in military service by free will , and is not a mercenary or a foreign legionnaire . Volunteers often enlist to fight in the armed forces of a foreign country . Military volunteers are essential for the operation of volunteer militaries . Many armies , including the U . S . Army , formerly distinguished between " United States Volunteers " enlisted during a war , and " regulars " who served on long - term basis . Troops raised as state militia were always " volunteers " ( even when recruited by conscription ) , while " U . S . " troops could be volunteers or regulars . The rank of an officer in a volunteer unit was separate from his rank ( if any ) as a regular , and usually higher . When the volunteer forces were disbanded at the end of the war , officers with both kinds of commission reverted to their " regular " rank . For instance , George Armstrong Custer became a Brigadier General of volunteers during the American Civil War , but when the war ended , he reverted to Captain . ( He was later promoted to Lieutenant Colonel . ) Volunteer rank should not be confused with brevet rank . The move to a volunteer over conscription force for a national military appears to improve , at least for the United States , the professionalism of its standing armed forces . One result , however , is that a nation may be more quick to go to war because it does not have to answer to the public as it would if it needed to increase conscription to support the involvement in the armed conflict .
Paul E . Watson Paul E . Watson ( died 1943 ) was a pioneer researcher in the development of radar . Born in Bangor , Maine , Watson was a civilian engineer employed by the U . S . Army Signal Corps from the late 1920s . In 1936 , he was named Chief Engineer of a Signal Corps research group at Camp Evans in Fort Monmouth , New Jersey tasked with developing a workable long - range radar for coast defense . By 1937 Watson ' s team had developed a proto - type " Search Light Control Radar " ( SCR - 270 ) apparatus and successfully demonstrated it to the Secretary of War at Fort Monmouth . Watson ' s team then became the " Radio Position Finding Section " , and worked with the Westinghouse Corporation over the following year to develop an Early Warning Radar , which was successfully deployed at Highlands , New Jersey in August , 1938 , and was capable of detecting incoming bombers at a range of 78 miles . A second system was deployed in Meriden , Connecticut in June , 1939 , with an operational range of 138 miles . Watson ' s prototypes were adopted by the Army in 1940 and Westinghouse delivered 112 sets prior to the American entry into World War II . This was the first radar system to be deployed by the United States military . Six of these sets were made operational in Hawaii by December 1941 , and one , at Opana Point , detected the incoming Japanese air assault on Pearl Harbor on the morning of December 7 . Watson was made a U . S . Army major with the outbreak of the war in 1941 , and had risen to the rank of colonel by his death in 1943 . His laboratory at Camp Evans was named " Watson Laboratories " after his death , and continued to be the chief Army electronics lab until absorbed by the new U . S . Air Force into the current Rome Laboratory . Ironically , in the 1990s the U . S . Air Force would control the world ' s most powerful radar , designed to cover the entire Atlantic Ocean from Europe to Africa , from a headquarters in Watson ' s home town of Bangor , Maine .
Steven A . Cray Major General Steven A . Cray ( born June 15 , 1964 ) is the Adjutant General of Vermont . In this post he serves as the senior uniformed officer in the state , and is responsible for the organization , training and equipping of the 4 , 000 members of the Vermont Army and Air National Guard . As Adjutant General , he also serves as inspector general , quartermaster general and head of the State Military Department , including Veterans Affairs . Early life . Steven A . Cray was born in Burlington , Vermont on June 15 , 1964 . He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1989 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture . Military career . General Cray enlisted in the Vermont Air National Guard while a student at UVM . He received his commission as a Second Lieutenant after graduating from the Academy of Military Science in 1984 . He became a pilot and attained the rating of command pilot , logging over 2 , 500 hours of military flying , mostly in the F - 16 . He is a qualified Joint Task Force Commander . General Cray held a variety of command , supervisory and staff positions in the 158th Fighter Wing and Vermont Joint Force Headquarters . Prior to his appointment as Adjutant General he served as Assistant Adjutant General for Air . Election as Adjutant General . In 2012 Michael Dubie left the Adjutant General ' s position to become Deputy Commander of United States Northern Command . He was succeeded on an interim basis by Thomas E . Drew . In February , 2013 Cray defeated three other candidates in the Vermont General Assembly election for the position . ( In Vermont , the Adjutant General is elected for a two - year term in secret balloting by a combined meeting of the Vermont House of Representatives and Vermont State Senate in February of each odd - numbered year . ) Cray was promoted to Major General and took over from Drew in a ceremony on March 1 , 2013 , and Drew retired . Civilian career . Before becoming Adjutant General , General Cray was employed as a commercial airline pilot with American Airlines , and logged over 10 , 000 flight hours . He also served as President of the Vermont National Guard Charitable Foundation and on other civic and charitable boards and commissions . Flight Information . General Cray holds the rating of Command Pilot . He has flown more than 2 , 500 hours . The aircraft he has flown include the F - 16A / B / C / D , AT - 38 , T - 38 , and T - 37 .
Battle of Boykin ' s Mill Boykin ' s Mill was the site of the last Union officer killed in action during the American Civil War . It was also the location of the final battle on South Carolina soil . History . Brigadier General Edward E . Potter took command of the two Northern brigades — 2700 men — recently landed at Georgetown . Colonel Edward N . Hallowell , former commander of the famed 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment and wounded at Fort Wagner , led one of the brigades including his former unit now consisting of over 700 men . Under orders to disable railroads in South Carolina , Potter ' s brigades were forced to contend with Kentucky ' s " Orphan Brigade " of mounted infantry from April 9 at Dingle ' s Mill through 18 April . On April 18 , 1865 , Potter ' s troops met again with the Kentuckians in the quiet town of Boykin , South Carolina . The Confederates held a strong defensive position in an abandoned fort . Sergeant Major Joseph Thomas Wilson later wrote about this fort : " No better position could be found for a defense , as the only approach to it , was by a narrow embankment about 200 yards long , where only one could walk at a time . " The 54th Massachusetts was given the job and sustained two killed and thirteen wounded before Confederate troops , heavily outnumbered , ran from the field . The dead men were Private James P . Johnson of Company F , a barber 21 years of age from Owego , NY , and First Lieutenant E . L . Stevens , the latter being the last Federal officer killed in action during the war . Union troops pursued the fleeing Southerners unsuccessfully , and the mill was burned to the ground according to Major General William T . Sherman ' s " Scorched Earth " policy . The engagement proved to be the bloodiest battle of the campaign for the 54th which had had the highest casualty rate of the operation . However , the two opposing units ( Potter ' s and the Kentuckians ) continued to skirmish through April 19 at Dinkin ' s Mill where they fought the last major conflict of the Eastern Theater . The preliminary cessation of hostilities was announced to both sides two days later though Confederate General Johnston did not officially surrender until 29 April .
Eric E . Fiel Lt . Gen . Eric E . Fiel is the current commander of Air Force Special Operations Command . The command is the Air Force component of U . S . Special Operations Command . AFSOC provides Air Force special operations force s for worldwide deployment and assignment to unified combatant commanders . The command has approximately 16 , 000 active - duty , Reserve , Air National Guard and civilian professionals . Air Force history . General Fiel entered the Air Force in 1981 as a graduate of Officer Training School . He has held a variety of assignments and has commanded at the squadron , group and wing levels . Additionally , he has held a variety of staff positions at major command , unified command , Air Staff and Secretary of the Air Force levels . Prior to his current assignment , he was the Vice Commander , Headquarters U . S . Special Operations Command , Pentagon , Washington , D . C . General Fiel has significant experience in combat and leadership positions in major joint contingency operations . He commanded a special operations squadron during Operation Deliberate Force in Bosnia and Operation Noble Anvil in Kosovo operations . From September 2001 to March 2003 , he was forward - deployed as the Joint Special Operations Air Component Commander in Operation Enduring Freedom . From May 2006 to April 2008 , he was forward - deployed as a Task Force Commander multiple times for operations Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom . On January 26 , 2011 Fiel was nominated by the Pentagon to replace Donald Wurster as the commander of Air Force Special Operations Command . AFSOC commander . On June 24 , 2011 General Fiel took over Air Force Special Operations Command from General Donald C . Wurster in a ceremony held at Hurlburt Field . “ Lt . Gen . Wurster has been a brilliant and strong leader , ” said Adm . Eric Olson , commander of the U . S . Special Operations Command . “ He led by always putting people first in the air and on the ground . Today is more than a transfer of authority . We say goodbye to a great leader and friend . “ Gen . Fiel will now bring his own vision , ” Olson added . “ There will be challenges , but I ’ ve seen him face challenges before and overcome many obstacles . In the transition from one commander to another , I know ( AFSOC ) will continue to excel . ” Air Force Chief of Staff Gen . Norton Schwartz presided over the ceremony . After Fiel assumed command he initiated a re - assessment of AFSOCs combat priorities . As a result various changes were instituted , including a re - missioning of the MC - 130W as the AC - 130W gunship for increased capabilities in precision airstrike support , the 24th Special Operations Wing was stood up composed entirely of Special Tactics Squadrons as well as their training squadron . The Special Tactics Squadrons are made up of Special Tactics Officers , Combat Controllers , Combat Rescue Officer s , Pararescuemen , Special Operations Weather Officers and Airmen , Air Liaison Officers , Tactical Air Control Party operators , and a number of combat support airmen which comprise 58 Air Force specialties .
William Brickly Stokes William Brickly Stokes ( September 9 , 1814 – March 14 , 1897 ) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee . He also served as colonel of the 5th Tennessee Cavalry ( Union ) during the American Civil War . He was born on September 9 , 1814 in Chatham County , North Carolina . He attended the common schools , moved to Tennessee , and engaged in agricultural pursuits . He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1849 to 1852 . He served in the Tennessee Senate in 1855 and 1856 . He was elected as a member of the Opposition Party to the Thirty - sixth Congress by Tennessee ' s 4th congressional district , serving from March 4 , 1859 to March 4 , 1861 . He entered the Union Army on May 15 , 1862 as a major of the Tennessee Volunteers . He served as colonel of the 5th Tennessee Cavalry until he resigned on March 10 , 1865 . He briefly served in temporary brigade command in the Army of the Ohio between June 17 , 1863 and August 6 , 1863 . On December 24 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Stokes for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general to rank from March 13 , 1865 . The U . S . Senate confirmed the award on February 21 , 1867 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1867 , and commenced practice in Alexandria , Tennessee in DeKalb County , Tennessee . Upon the readmission of Tennessee to representation , he was elected as an Unconditional Unionist to the Thirty - ninth Congress by Tennessee ' s 3rd congressional district . He was re - elected as a Republican to the Fortieth and Forty - first Congresses . He served in the U . S . House of Representatives from July 24 , 1866 to March 4 , 1871 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for re - election in 1870 to the Forty - second Congress . He also was the supervisor of internal revenue for Tennessee . He resumed the practice of law and died in Alexandria , Tennessee on March 14 , 1897 . He was interred in East View Cemetery at Alexandria .