naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
58th Infantry Division Legnano The 58th Infantry Division Legnano was an Infantry Division of the Italian Army during World War II . History . The " Legnano " was activated as an infantry division on 8 February 1934 . Initially the division consisted of the 7th Infantry Regiment " Cuneo " , 8th Infantry Regiment " Cuneo " , 67th Infantry Regiment " Palermo " and 27th Artillery Regiment . On 24 March 1939 the division was split into the 6th Infantry Division " Cuneo " and 58th Infantry Division " Legnano " . After the split the " Legnano " fielded the 67th Infantry Regiment " Palermo " , 68th Infantry Regiment " Palermo " and 58th Artillery Regiment . In 1940 the division remained in Fenestrelle as a reserve force during the Italian invasion of southern France . After the Italian invasion of Greece in October 1940 bogged down under stiff Greek resistance the " Legnano " division was dispatched to Albania in January 1941 to augment the Italian forces under pressure by the Greek counteroffensive . In November 1942 the division participated in the occupation of Vichy France and remained afterwards in France on occupation duty . In August 1943 the division returned to Italy - first to Bologna and then to Brindisi in Puglia in the South . After allied forces had landed on the Italian peninsula and an armistice between Italy and the Allies had been signed , the division stayed loyal to the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III , who fled with the royal court from Rome to Brindisi . Already on 26 September 1943 the division formed the Italian 1st Motorized Group , which was to aid in the allied war effort . The 1st Motorized Group consisted of the following units : In the next months the division lost all its units , which were needed on the front lines . On 17 February 1944 the division was deactivated after its last units had joined other units . On 24 September 1944 the I Brigade of the Italian Liberation Corps ( " Corpo Italiano di Liberazione " , or CIL ) , was renamed as " Legnano " Combat Group . The Combat Group consisted of the 68th Infantry Regiment " Palermo " , the 11th Motorized Artillery Regiment , the elite IX Assault Battalion and the Special Infantry Regiment , which consisted of the remnants of the 3rd Alpini Regiment and 4th Bersaglieri Regiment . The Combat Group was equipped with British weapons and materiel . The " Legnano " entered the front as part of the Polish II Corps on the extreme left of the British 8th Army near the river Idice and was tasked with liberating Bologna .
2nd United States Sharpshooters The 2nd United States Sharpshooters was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . From 1861 to January 1863 they were members of the " First Iron Brigade " also known as the " Iron Brigade of the East " . Service . The 2nd U . S . Sharpshooters was raised as follows : The 2nd and the 1st United States Volunteer Sharpshooter Regiment were consolidated on December 31 , 1864 and the regiment was broken up on February 20 , 1865 and the remaining companies distributed as follows : Total strength and casualties . The regiment suffered 8 officers and 110 enlisted men who were killed in action or mortally wounded and 2 officers and 123 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 250 fatalities .
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award The Air Force Outstanding Unit Award is one of the unit award s of the United States Air Force . It was established in 1954 and was the first independent Air Force decoration created ( to this point , Air Force personnel were routinely awarded Army decorations ) . The Air Force Longevity Service Award would follow in 1957 with most of the standard Air Force awards ( including the Air Force Good Conduct Medal ) established in the early to mid 1960s . The Outstanding Unit Award is awarded any unit of the U . S . Air Force ( including Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard ) which performs exceptionally meritorious service , accomplishes specific acts of outstanding achievement , excels in combat operations against an armed enemy of the United States , or conducts with distinct military operations involving conflict with , or exposure to , a hostile action by any opposing foreign force . The " V " ( valor ) device is authorized when awarded for combat or combat support service . Multiple awards of the Outstanding Unit Award are denoted by oak leaf cluster s on the ribbon . Until 2004 , the Outstanding Unit Award was the senior most unit award in the Air Force . It now ranks directly below the Meritorious Unit Award , which was established in March 2004 , and above the Air Force Organizational Excellence Award in the precedence of Air Force awards and decorations . It is awarded to personnel who were assigned or attached to the unit receiving the award during the period it was awarded for .
Out - of - battery Out - of - battery refers to the status of a weapon before the action has returned to the normal firing position . The term originates from artillery , referring to a gun that fires before it has been pulled back into its firing position in a gun battery . In artillery guns , " out of battery " usually refers to a situation where the recoiling mass ( breech and barrel ) has not returned to its proper position after firing because of a failure in the recoil mechanism . Most gun carriage designs should prevent this , however , if a gun is fired out of battery , then damage to the carriage can occur as the effectiveness of the recoil mechanism will have been compromised . In firearm s and artillery where there is an automatic loading mechanism , a condition in which a live round is at least partially in the firing chamber and capable of being fired , but is not properly secured by the usual mechanism of that particular weapon can occur . The gas pressure produced at the moment of firing can rupture the not fully supported cartridge case and can result in flame and high pressure gas being vented at the breech of the weapon , potentially creating flying shrapnel possibily injuring the operator .
2 / 10th Armoured Regiment ( Australia ) The 2 / 10th Armoured Regiment was an armoured regiment of the Australian Army . Formed for service during World War II , the regiment was raised in 1941 , but was disbanded in late 1944 having never been deployed overseas . History . The 2 / 10th Armoured Regiment was formed in Western Australia in July 1941 as part of the 2nd Armoured Brigade of the 1st Armoured Division . Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel K . A Hall , the regiment conducted its initial training at Puckapunyal , Victoria prior to being equipped with M3 Stuart and M3 Grant tanks . In mid - 1942 the 2 / 10th Armoured was relocated to near Narrabri , New South Wales where the division conducted large - scale exercises . In November 1942 , following the reorganisation of the 1st Armoured Division , the regiment was transferred to the 1st Armoured Brigade to replace the 2 / 6th Armoured Regiment when that regiment deployed to New Guinea . By January 1943 , manpower shortages in the Australian Army and the changing strategic situation facing the Allies in the Pacific meant that large armoured formations were no longer required . As a result the decision was made to reduce the size of the 1st Armoured Division . At this time , as part of the 1st Armoured Brigade , the 2 / 10th Armoured Regiment was relocated to Western Australia to undertake garrison duties . When the 1st Armoured Division was disbanded in September 1943 the regiment survived as part of the independent 1st Armoured Brigade Group . The 2 / 10th Armoured Regiment was disbanded in September 1944 along with the headquarters of the Brigade Group , and its personnel were reallocated to other units . Commanding officers . The following is a list of officers that commanded the 2 / 10th Armoured Regiment :
Fort Stansbury Fort Stansbury was a frontier outpost created during the Seminole War ( 1835 — 1842 ) as well as used during the Civil War . The fort was located south of Tallahassee , Florida , and a few miles north of Wakulla Springs . This is inland from St . Marks , Florida . It was headquarters for the 3rd Regiment of the U . S . Infantry . Its construction would have been typical of other forts utilizing blockhouse s and made from split pine tree s . It was initially under the command of Lt . Colonel Ethan Allen Hitchcock from October 1842 until January 13 , 1843 .
Armed Forces of the North The Armed Forces of the North ( " Forces Armées du Nord " or FAN ) was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War . Composed of FROLINAT units that remained loyal to Hissène Habré following his break from Goukouni Oueddei and the CCFAN in 1976 . Consisting at first of only a few hundred Toubou and some Hajerai and Ouaddaï an fighters , FAN began its operations from bases in eastern Chad , where it received help from Sudan . Driven from N ' Djamena back to its eastern refuge after the Libyan incursion of 1980 , FAN scored a series of victories over Goukouni ' s Transitional Government of National Unity ( GUNT ) forces in 1982 , which culminated in the recapture of N ' Djamena and Habré ' s assumption of the presidency . FAN became the core of the new national army , Chadian National Armed Forces ( FANT ) , in January 1983 .
Aubrey Cosens Aubrey Cosens , VC , ( 21 May 1921 - 26 February 1945 ) was a Canadian ( born in Latchford , Ontario ) recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Military service . Cosens was 23 years old and a sergeant in The Queen ' s Own Rifles of Canada during the Canadian Army ' s involvement in the Second World War . On the night of 25 – 26 February 1945 at Mooshof near Uedem , Germany , Sergeant Cosens assumed command of the four survivors of his platoon whom he placed in position to give him covering fire . Running forward alone to a tank , he took up an exposed position in front of the turret and directed its fire . When a further counter - attack had been repulsed , he ordered the tank to ram some farm buildings into which the Germans attackers had retreated . He went in alone , killing several of the defenders and taking the rest prisoners . He then dealt similarly with the occupants of two more buildings , but was shot by a sniper when he went to report back to superior officers . Legacy . Aubrey Cosens was mentioned in Robert Heinlein ' s Starship Troopers , albeit misspelled . " Little ships , the ones named for foot sloggers : Horatius , Alvin York , Swamp Fox , the Rog herself , bless her heart , Colonel Bowie , Devereux , Vercingetorix , Sandino , Aubrey Cousens , Kamehameha , Audie Murphy , Xenophon , Aguinaldo - - " Grave / memorial at Buried at Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery in the Netherlands . Plot VIII . row H . Grave 2 . Headstone . His Victoria Cross is displayed at The Queen ' s Own Rifles of Canada Regimental Museum in Casa Loma , Toronto .
B90 nuclear bomb The B90 was an American thermonuclear bomb designed in the mid - to - late 1980s and cancelled prior to introduction into military service . The B90 design was intended for use as a naval aircraft weapon , for use as a nuclear depth bomb and as a land attack strike bomb . It was intended to replace the B57 nuclear bomb used by the Navy . The B90 bomb design entered Phase 3 development engineering and was assigned its numerical designation in June 1988 . The B90 was 13 . 3 inches in diameter and 118 inches long , and weighed 780 pounds . The B90 had a design yield of 200 kilotons . The B90 was cancelled in September 1991 along with the W89 and W91 nuclear warheads and AGM - 131 SRAM II and SRAM - T missile models . No B90 production models were built , though test units may have been ; US nuclear weapon testing continued until 1992 .
33d Rescue Squadron The 33d Rescue Squadron ( 33 RQS ) is part of the 18th Wing at Kadena Air Base , Japan . It operates HH - 60 Pave Hawk aircraft conducting search and rescue missions . History . The 33d has performed search , rescue , and recovery missions from 1952 – 1960 , 1961 – 1970 , and since 1971 . The squadron flew missions in support of the Vietnam War from 1965 – 1967 . The 33d supported operations following the seizure of the " USS Pueblo " by North Korea between 29 January and 16 September 1968 and aided search efforts and salvage operations from September – October 1983 , after a Soviet fighter aircraft shot down South Korean airliner KAL 007 . Operation Enduring Freedom - Multiple deployments from 2005 – present
Battery K , 1st Ohio Light Artillery Battery K , 1st Ohio Light Artillery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The battery was organized in Marietta , Cleveland , and Camp Dennison near Cincinnati , Ohio and mustered in for a three year enlistment on October 22 , 1861 under Captain William L . DeBeck . The regiment was organized as early as 1860 under Ohio ' s militia laws , under Colonel James Barnett . The battery was attached to Cheat Mountain District , West Virginia , to March 1862 . Cheat Mountain District , Department of the Mountains , to June 1862 . 2nd Brigade , 1st Division , I Corps , Pope ' s Army of Virginia , to September 1862 . Artillery , 1st Division , XI Corps , Army of the Potomac , to March 1863 . Reserve Artillery , XI Corps , Army of the Potomac , to March 1863 . Artillery Brigade , XI Corps , Army of the Potomac , to September 1863 and Army of the Cumberland to December 1863 . Garrison Artillery , Bridgeport , Alabama , Department of the Cumberland , to April 1864 . Unattached Artillery , Department of the Cumberland , to May 1864 . Stevenson , Alabama , District of North Alabama , Department of the Cumberland , to October 1864 . 3rd Brigade , Defenses Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1865 . Post of Stevenson , Alabama , Department of the Cumberland , to July 1865 . Battery K , 1st Ohio Light Artillery mustered out of service on July 17 , 1865 . Detailed service . Left Ohio for western Virginia February 1862 . Battle of McDowell May 8 , 1862 . Franklin May 28 . Pursuit of Jackson up the Shenandoah Valley , Strasburg and Staunton Road June 1 – 2 . Harrisonburg June 6 . Cross Keys June 8 . Port Republic June 9 . At Middletown until July , and at Sperryville until August . Pope ' s Campaign in northern Virginia August 16 - September 2 . Fords of the Rappahannock August 21 – 23 . Freeman ' s Ford , Hazel River and Leary ' s Ford August 22 . Waterloo Bridge August 23 – 25 . Battle of Groveton August 29 . Bull Run August 30 . Duty in the defenses of Washington , D . C . , until December . Expedition from Centreville to Warrenton . Junction and Bristoe Station September 25 – 28 . March to Fredericksburg , Va . , December 10 – 16 . Burnside ' s 2nd Campaign ( " Mud March " ) , January 20 – 24 . Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 - May 6 . Battle of Chancellorsville May 1 – 5 . Gettysburg Campaign June 11 - July 24 . Battle of Gettysburg July 1 – 3 . Duty on line of the Rappahannock until September . Moved to Bridgeport , Ala . , September 24 - October 3 . Reopening Tennessee River October 26 – 29 . Battle of Wauhatchie October 28 – 29 . Chattanooga - Ringgold Campaign November 23 – 27 . Lookout Mountain November 23 – 24 . Missionary Ridge November 25 . Assigned to reserve artillery and garrison duty at Bridgeport and Stevenson , Ala . , December 1863 to July 1865 . Ordered home July 3 . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 20 men during service ; 1 officer and 5 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 14 enlisted men died of disease .
Contrails ( book ) Contrails is a small handbook issued to new cadets entering the United States Air Force Academy . It contains information on United States Air Force and United States military history ; Academy history ; notable Academy graduates ; aircraft , satellites , and munitions in the current U . S . Air Force inventory ; transcripts of important national documents such as the Preamble to the Constitution and the full national anthem ; and famous quotes , which are usually patriotic or leadership - related . Cadets in their fourth class ( freshman ) year are expected to learn most of the information from " Contrails " , and be able to recite much of it verbatim . " Contrails " has traditionally been published in the class color — Blue , Silver , Red , or Gold — of the freshman class . Excerpts . Some excerpts form " Contrails " References . Archive of Contrails covers
Lucien Poirier Lucien Poirier ( 1918 – 10 January 2013 ) was a general of the French Army and a theoretician of nuclear deterrence . Military career . Poirier began his military service at the beginning of World War II after graduating from Special Military School of Saint - Cyr and was imprisoned in Germany until 1945 . After World War II Poirier continued in the military with the French Foreign Legion ( beginning as a Captain ) in conflicts in Indochina ( First Indochina War ) and Algeria ( Algerian War ) . Poirier took part in the design of the French doctrine for use of nuclear weapons , the so - called " weak - to - strong strategy " ( " statégie du faible au fort " ) , intended to deter the vastly superior Soviet Union from invading France and Europe . Academic career . Poirier began to write while in the French Army in 1968 . Then after being promoted to General in 1974 he retires to become an academic specializing in military strategy at Université de Paris ( now Pantheon - Sorbonne University l ’ Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales ( EHESS ) , Pantheon - Sorbonne University à l ’ Ecole normale supérieure ( ENS ) and École nationale d ' administration ( ENA ) . Poirier authored several books on the subject of military strategy and nuclear deterrence : Later life . Porier remained active into his 90s and died on 9 or 10 January 2013 . He was 94 .
Jonas Budde Jonas Budde or Jonas Olufsen Bude , ( 23 January 1644 – 1710 ) served a distinguished career in the Norwegian Army , including service at various Norwegian fortresses during the extended period of hostility between Sweden and Denmark - Norway . He served as an officer of Fredrikstad Fortress garrison from 1676 through 1681 ( including the period of the Gyldenløve War ) , was the commanding officer of Christiansfjeld fortress from October 24 , 1684 to February 2 , 1688 and was lieutenant colonel ( " Oberstløjtnant " ) and commanding officer of Stavern Fortress from November 3 , 1689 until his death in 1710 at sixty six years of age . Family . Jonas Budde was married in 1670 in Fredericia , Denmark with Alhed Wiborg , born 29 September 1633 in Malmø , Denmark ( modern Sweden ) , daughter of mayor ( " borgermester " ) Niels Wiborg and Karen Hendrichsdatter Franche . She died 19 April 1701 in Stavern with no surviving children .
Thomas Cebern Musgrave , Jr . Thomas Cebern Musgrave , Jr . ( July 5 , 1913 – November 14 , 2005 ) was a Major General in the United States Air Force . Biography . Musgrave was born in Washington , D . C . in 1913 . He died on November 14 , 2005 . Career . Musgrave was educated at St . John ' s Military Academy before entering the United States Military Academy , graduating in 1935 . During World War II he served with the Thirteenth Air Force . Following the war he became Executive Office to the Commanding General of the United States Army Air Forces . In 1949 he entered the National War College . Following graduation he was given command of the 47th Air Division and the 7th Air Division . In 1955 he was assigned to NATO . The following year he was named Director of Manpower and Organization of the Air Force . His retirement was effective as of June 1 , 1962 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star Medal , the Distinguished Flying Cross , and the Air Medal with two oak leaf clusters .
Dwight Ross Air Commodore Arthur Dwight Ross , GC , CBE , CD ( 18 March 1907 – 27 September 1981 ) was a Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) Base Commander of No . 62 Base , No . 6 Group RCAF in Yorkshire , England during the Second World War . A / C Ross received the George Cross for his actions on the night of 27 / 28 June 1944 at RAF Tholthorpe . Early life and career . Arthur Dwight Ross was born 18 March 1907 , in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada . After graduating from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston , Ontario in 1928 ( student # 1815 ) , he took a commission in the Royal Canadian Air Force . Ross received his pilot ' s wings at Camp Borden in February 1929 . Second World War . After a few years of aerial surveying and staffing work , Ross was appointed commander of No . 5 ( Bomber Reconnaissance ) Squadron on Canada ' s east coast in 1939 where he flew on anti - submarine and convoy escort operations . From August 1940 to March 1942 , he worked with the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan as the officer commanding No . 3 Service Flying Training School ( SFTS ) , at Currie Field in Calgary , Alberta . In December 1942 , Ross became the Commanding Officer at RAF Middleton St . George . In February 1944 he was promoted from Group Captain to Air Commodore and was assigned to command No . 62 Base , No . 6 Group RCAF , headquartered at RAF Linton - on - Ouse . While visiting the base ' s sub - station at RAF Tholthorpe , an incident occurred which earned Ross the George Cross , the highest gallantry award for civilians as well as for military personnel in actions which are not in the face of the enemy . The incident also resulted in awards being earned by other personnel . George Cross award . During the night of 27 / 28 June 1944 , an RCAF Halifax aircraft of 425 Squadron was returning from a bombing raid on a flying bomb launching site in northern France . The aircraft struggled back on three engines . Upon landing , the pilot , Sergeant M . J . P . Lavoie , lost control and veered his aircraft into a parked Halifax which was fully loaded with fuel and bombs . The George Cross citation explains the incident in detail : Ross ' s George Cross citation reads : Postwar . From 1945 – 1948 , Ross commanded the RCAF Staff College in Toronto , Ontario . Until 1961 , Ross was Air Commander of the Western Atlantic Area ' s Canadian Atlantic sub - area of NATO ' s Allied Command Atlantic . This command ' s purpose was to keep the sea lanes open between the United States and Europe during the Cold War . Tributes . An air cadet squadron based in Kingston , Ontario bears his name ( No . 58 Air Commodore A . Dwight Ross , GC , CBE , CD Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron ) . Dwight Ross School in Greenwood , Nova Scotia is also named after him .