naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Gildardo Magaña Gildardo Magaña Cerda ( March 7 , 1891 - December 13 , 1939 ) was a Mexican general , politician and revolutionary . Born on March 7 , 1891 in Zamora , Michoacán , to a Liberal trading family and was sent to study economy in the U . S . Back in Mexico he was involved in the anti - reelectionist movement and had to flee to the insurrectionist Zapatista country people in Morelos in 1911 . He was immediately made use of as emissary to various revolutionaries in different parts of Mexico , among others to Pancho Villa whom he is reported to have taught reading . In 1916 he was appointed chief of staff to Emiliano Zapata , because he was the only one who was able to make unruly sub - commanders of the movement cooperate instead of quarrel , using his personal charm as well as his outstanding diplomatic skill for the task . When Zapata was killed in 1919 , Magaña was elected his successor with 18 votes against 11 for Jesús Capistrán . As commander - in - chief of the Zapatist army , he made it his supreme business to achieve a durable peace . To that purpose he cultivated various possible allies , in vain until Álvaro Obregón revolted in 1920 . Magaña immediately declared his and his movement ' s support and provided Obregón with the army with which he conquered Mexico D . F . In return , the movement got the Ministry of Agriculture and its desired agrarian reform made law . Under Obregón ' s and his successors ' presidencies , Magaña held several high military commands but also found time to found the Confederación Nacional Agraria , the Cardenist peasants ’ union . In 1936 he was elected governor of his native state of Michoacán , a post he held until his death ( by a heart attack ) in 1939 . Shortly before his death he was suggested as a candidate for Lázaro Cárdenas ' s successor as president but declined .
Anton Korol Anton Korol ( 8 October 1916 – 21 December 1981 ) was a highly decorated Leutnant der Reserve in the Luftwaffe during World War II . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he flew 704 missions and was credited with the destruction of 99 tanks . Career . Anton Korol was very successful " Panzerjäger " ( tank hunter ) of all the Luftwaffe , he was credited with the destruction of 99 tanks . Korol was an excellent as a glider pilot during times of peace , he requested a transfer to the Luftwaffe , where he received his training . He began teaching at Stukavorschule in Graz , according to Stukaschule 2 , located in Piacenza - Foggia . With the completion of the course , Korol was promoted to Lieutenant on 1 November 1942 and appointed to serve with the " Ergänzungsstaffel " ( Training / Supplement Squadron ) of Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 " Immelmann " in early 1943 . Throughout the war , Lieutenant Antol Korol flew a total of 704 combat missions , during which he was shot down four times , destroyed 99 Soviet tanks ( including a heavy Stalin tank ) with " Kanonenvogel " , a Junkers Ju 87 G - 2 with its twin " Bordkanone " 37 mm guns , and damaged over 200 others . Anton Korol died of natural causes on 21 December 1981 , at 65 years of age , in the town of Rüdesheim , West Germany .
Calas ( general ) " For other uses , see Calas ( disambiguation ) and Callas " Calas or Callas ( Greek Κάλας or Κάλλας ; lived 4th century BC ) was an ancient Greek , son of Harpalus of Elimiotis and first cousin to Antigonus , king of Asia , who held a command in the army which Philip II sent into Anatolia under Parmenion and Attalus , 336 BC , to further his cause among the Greek cities there . In 335 BC Calas was defeated in a battle in the Troad by Memnon of Rhodes , but took refuge in Rhaeteum . At the battle of the Granicus in 334 BC he led the Thessalia n cavalry in Alexander ' s army , and was appointed by him in the same year to the satrapy of the Lesser or Hellespontine Phrygia , to which Paphlagonia was soon after added . Excluding a failed attempt to conquer Bithynia this we do not hear of Calas : it would seem , however , that he died before the treason and flight of his father in 325 , as we know from Arrian that Demarchus succeeded him in the satrapy of the Hellespontine Phrygia during Alexander ' s life - time .
Kopis The term kopis ( from Greek κοπίς , plural " kopides " from κόπτω - " koptō " , " to cut , to strike " ; alternatively a derivation from the Ancient Egyptian term " khopesh " for a cutting sword has been postulated ) in Ancient Greece could describe a heavy knife with a forward - curving blade , primarily used as a tool for cutting meat , for ritual slaughter and animal sacrifice , or refer to a single edged cutting or " cut and thrust " sword with a similarly shaped blade . Characteristics . The kopis sword was a one - handed weapon . Early examples had a blade length of up to 65 cm , making it almost equal in size to the spatha . Later Macedonian examples tended to be shorter with a blade length of about 48 cm . The kopis had a single - edged blade that pitched forward towards the point , the edge being concave on the part of the sword nearest the hilt , but swelling to convexity towards the tip . This shape , often termed " recurved " , distributes the weight in such a way that the kopis was capable of delivering a blow with the momentum of an axe , whilst maintaining the long cutting edge of a sword and a capability to deliver a thrust . Some scholars have claimed an Etruscan origin for the sword , as such swords have been found as early as the 7th century BC in Etruria . The " kopis " is often compared to the contemporary Iberian falcata and the more recent , and shorter , Nepal ese kukri . The word itself is the Greek feminine singular noun . The difference in meaning between kopis and makhaira ( " μάχαιρα " , another Greek word , meaning " chopper " or " short sword " , " dagger " ) is not entirely clear in ancient texts , but modern specialists tend to discriminate between single - edged cutting swords , those with a forward curve being classed as " kopides " , those without as " makhairai " . Use . The Ancient Greeks often used single - edged blades in warfare , as attested to by art and literature ; however , the double - edged , straight , and more martially versatile xiphos is more widely represented . Greek heavy infantry hoplites favored straight swords , but the downward curve of the kopis made it especially suited to mounted warfare . The general and writer Xenophon recommended the single edged kopis sword ( which he did not distinguish from the " makhaira " ) for cavalry use in his work " On Horsemanship " ; saying , " I recommend a " kopis " rather than a " xiphos " , because from the height of a horse ’ s back the cut of a " machaira " will serve you better than the thrust of a " xiphos " " . The precise wording of Xenophon ' s description suggests the possibility that the kopis was regarded as a specific variant within a more general class , with the term makhaira denoting any single - edged cutting sword . Greek art shows Persia n soldiers wielding the kopis or an axe rather than the straight - bladed Persian akinakes . It has been suggested that the yatagan , used in the Balkans and Anatolia during the Ottoman Period , was a direct descendant of the kopis .
54th Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 54th Infantry Division ( " 54 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a division of the Imperial German Army during World War I . The division was formed on March 3 , 1915 from units taken from other divisions or newly raised . Its infantry core was from different parts of the German Empire : the 27th Reserve Infantry Regiment from Prussian Saxony , taken from the 7th Reserve Division , the 84th Infantry Regiment from Schleswig - Holstein , taken from the 18th Infantry Division , and the 90th Reserve Infantry Regiment from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Schwerin , taken from the 18th Reserve Division . Divisional cavalry was a squadron of Brunswick ' s Death ' s Head Hussars . After a brief period on the line in France , the division was sent to the Eastern Front in July 1915 . It returned to the Western Front in October 1915 . From May to November 1916 , the division saw extensive action in the Battle of Verdun , especially in the fight for Fort Douaumont . In 1917 , it saw action in the Third Battle of Ypres , suffering heavy losses . It also faced the Allied tank attack in Cambrai in November 1917 . It was rated by Allied intelligence in 1917 and 1918 as a second class division , mainly due to heavy losses in the attacks it faced or took part in . Order of battle on March 3 , 1915 . The 54th Infantry Division ' s initial organization when formed in 1915 was as follows : Late World War I organization . The division underwent comparatively fewer organizational changes during the course of the war than most other divisions . Its artillery , signals and engineers were reorganized as in other divisions . The 54th Infantry Division ' s order of battle on February 22 , 1918 was as follows :
Sir Hew Dalrymple , 1st Baronet , of High Mark General Sir Hew Whitefoord Dalrymple , 1st Baronet ( 3 December 1750 – 9 April 1830 ) was a British Army general and Governor of Gibraltar . Military career . Dalrymple was commissioned as an ensign into the 31st Regiment of Foot in 1763 , was promoted Lieutenant in 1766 and Captain in 1768 . He took time out from the Army to study at Edinburgh University from 1767 to 1768 . Dalrymple was knighted in 1779 thanks to the influence of his family . Lieutenant - Colonel of the 68th Foot in 1781 , he became Colonel of the 37th Foot on 18 November 1790 , then transferred to the 1st Foot Guards . In 1793 he commanded a composite battalion of grenadiers in Lake ’ s brigade under York in the Flanders Campaign , and saw action at Raismes 8 May , Famars 23 May , the Siege of Valenciennes 13 June – 28 July , and the Siege of Dunkirk 25 August – 10 September . He returned to the UK early in 1794 and was made Major - General on 3 October . In 1796 he was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey . On 1 January 1801 he was promoted Lieutenant - General . Then from 1802 to 1806 he was General Officer Commanding Northern District . In 1806 he became Governor of Gibraltar . In 1806 Dalrymple served under Fox at Gibraltar . After Fox ’ s departure he was made Acting Governor of Gibraltar , replacing Gordon Drummond , November 1806 – August 1808 . In 1808 he was appointed Commander of the Portuguese Expedition , landing on 22 August after Junot ’ s defeat at Vimiero to replace Wellesley & Burrard . He immediately halted Wellesley ’ s pursuit of the beaten French to Lisbon . Lacking either confidence or intelligence , or both , on 31 August Dalrymple signed a truce with Junot allowing him to return to France in British ships with all his weapons & men . This infamous truce , known as the Convention of Cintra , was denounced both in London and in Portugal . Dalrymple sailed for home to face an enquiry 4 October , and never held a field command again . Sir John Moore said he “ was never able to determine on any point whatever ” . " Sir Hew , having never had the experience of command , seems quite at a loss how to work with the different heads of department ; the troops suffer ” . Colonel of the 57th Foot 1811 , and promoted General 1 January 1812 through seniority . He was made Governor of Blackness Castle 1818 . Family . In 1783 he married Frances Leighton and they went on to have two sons and three daughters .
Action of 17 July 1944 The Action of 17 July 1944 was a submarine engagement of World War II . It resulted in the sinking of the Japanese Navy ' s Kadai class submarine " I - 166 " in the Strait of Malacca by the British Royal Navy submarine . Operating for the first time with the Eastern Fleet at Colombo in Ceylon , Commander Bill King on 13 July had put himself in a position known as One Fathom bank in order to intercept Japanese traffic between Penang and Singapore . They waited until the 17th when submerged , the ASDIC operator alerted King to the sound of propellers , and the watch soon spotted a Japanese submarine ; that being " I - 166 " . Action . Despite limited visibility because of mist , " Telemachus " tracked " I - 166 " for 30 minutes , waited until it was less than a mile distant and reached the firing point beam on . At 07 : 20 King fired a spread of six Torpex warhead torpedoes at 1 , 500 yards , and then tried to swing the boat to fire her stern torpedoes . This manoeuvre however , failed and " Telemachus " lost control and briefly broke surface . Ninety - two seconds after the launch however , one torpedo managed to hit the stern of " I - 166 " . The Japanese boat sank immediately and eighty - eight men were killed . Lt Suwa and the navigating officer were blown overboard . Seven hours later they were picked up by Malayan fishermen . Soon after the sinking the Japanese attempted to intercept and sink " Tellemachus " but without success . " Telemachus " returned to Colombo . King was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross ( DSC ) on 16 January 1945 " For outstanding courage , skill and determination in one of H . M . Submarines in successful patrols in Far Eastern waters " ( specifically the sinking of the " I - 166 " ) .
Polnocny - class landing ship The Polnocny ( or Polnochny ) - class ships are amphibious warfare vessels . They were designed in Poland , in cooperation with the Soviet Navy and were built in Poland between 1967 and 2002 . They now serve in several different navies , and some have been converted to civilian use . The name comes from the " Stocznia Północna " shipyard ( Northern Shipyard ) at Gdańsk , where they were built . 107 were built by 1986 ( last 16 by " Stocznia Marynarki Wojennej " ( Naval Shipyard ) at Gdynia , Poland ) . In 2002 , one ship of a modernised design NS - 722 was built in Gdynia for Yemen . Characteristics . The Polnocny - class ships are classified as medium landing ships in the Russian Navy , and are loosely equivalent to Western tank landing ships . They are equipped with a bow ramp that allows beach landings . The Polnocny - C version can carry 8 armored personnel carriers , or 250 tons of stores . Unlike their Western counterparts , these ships can provide substantial fire support for landed troops with their embarked multiple rocket launcher s . Other armament consists of anti - aircraft guns and short - range surface - to - air missile s . Variants . The Polnocny class comprises several sub - types that vary in size and capacity : Operational service . Built in large quantities , the Polnocny - class ships were once the mainstay of the Soviet amphibious forces , and gave the Soviet naval infantry an effective force projection capability . They were gradually phased out in favour of hovercraft , and few remain active in the Russian Navy . Historical operators . Ethiopia , Somalia , Libya , Iraq , Poland
Nicholas Biddle ( naval officer ) " For Nicholas Biddle the Philadelphia banker see : Nicholas Biddle ( banker ) " Nicholas Biddle ( September 10 , 1750 – March 17 , 1778 ) was one of the first five captains of the Continental Navy , which was raised by the Americans during the American Revolutionary War . Early life . Nicholas Biddle was born in Philadelphia . His father was William Biddle , 3rd ( 1698 – 1756 ) of the Biddle family , and mother was Mary Scull ( 1709 – 1789 ) . At the age of thirteen , he went on a voyage to the West Indies , during which he was left on a desert island for two months . In 1770 , he became a midshipman in the Royal Navy . In 1773 , he resigned from the navy in order to join Captain Constantine Phipps on an expedition to the Arctic . While on this trip , he became acquainted with the future Lord Nelson . American Revolutionary War . Just as the American Revolution threatened to break out , he returned to the colonies and offered his services to the state of Pennsylvania . In August 1775 , the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety placed Biddle in command of the armed galley " Franklin " . In December 1775 , he was commissioned into the Continental Navy and made Captain of the 14 - gun brig " Andrew Doria " . He participated in the expedition against New Providence , and fought in the Continental Navy ' s action with the " Glasgow " on April 6 , 1776 ; he was highly critical of the action , noting that the lack of signalling by Commodore Esek Hopkins led to a " helter skelter " action . He captured numerous vessels including British army transports on later cruises . He participated in a cruise of the Newfoundland Banks that was so successful in the taking of ships , that when he returned to port he had only five sailors left on board his ship ; the rest were crewing the prizes . On June 6 , 1776 , he was appointed by the Continental Congress to command the " Randolph " , a 32 - gun frigate then being built in Philadelphia . She was launched near the close of the year , and sailed early in 1777 . In September 1777 , Biddle captured the HMS " True Briton " and her three - ship convoy . On March 7 , 1778 , off Barbados , the " Randolph " engaged the British 64 - gun ship - of - the - line HMS " Yarmouth " . Rather than trying to flee from the more heavily armed opponent , the " Randolph " engaged in battle . An eyewitness reported the frigate held her own in the twenty minute engagement , appearing , " to fire four or five broadsides to the " Yarmouth ' s " one . " After Biddle was wounded , the " Randolph " blew up suddenly , killing all but four of the 305 on board including Biddle . The loss of " Randolph " was a serious blow to the fledgling Continental Navy . His brother , Edward Biddle , was a staunch advocate for American independence , and his nephew , Nicholas Biddle ( 1786 – 1844 ) , was an esteemed banker . Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Biddle in his honor . Cyrus Townsend Brady ' s book " For Love of Country " is based partly on the life of Nicholas Biddle .
Sturm - Infanteriegeschütz 33B The Sturm - Infanteriegeschütz 33B was a German self - propelled heavy infantry gun used during World War II . A new , fully enclosed , and heavily armored boxy casemate superstructure was built on the chassis of the Sturmgeschütz III . It mounted the improved sIG 33 / 1 infantry gun , offset to the right side , for which 30 rounds were carried . It could only traverse 3° left and right , elevate 25° , and depress 6° . A Maschinengewehr 34 machine - gun was fitted in a ball mount on the left side of the superstructure with 600 rounds . Its traverse limits were 15° left and 20° right , and it could elevate 20° and depress 10° . Sources differ as to the development history . Chamberlain and Doyle say that Alkett was ordered in July 1941 to convert a dozen Sturmgeschütz III Ausf . E chassis and that these were finished in December 1941 and January 1942 - but not issued . On 20 September 1942 , another dozen Sturmgeschutz IIIs were ordered to be converted , and the existing vehicles were rebuilt . Trojca and Jaugitz contend that all twenty - four were built by Alkett starting in September 1942 from repaired Sturmgeschütz III Ausf . B , C , D and E chassis . The first dozen were delivered by the end of October 1942 and assigned to Sturmgeschütz - Abteilungen ( Assault Gun Battalions ) 177 and 244 , then fighting in Stalingrad . The remaining dozen vehicles could not be delivered to Sturmgeschütz - Abteilungen 243 and 245 , also fighting in Stalingrad , after the Soviets surrounded the German 6th Army on 21 November . Instead , the vehicles were formed into Sturm - Infanterie - Geschütz - Batterie / Lehr - Bataillon ( Assault Infantry Gun Batterie / Demonstration Battalion ) XVII . The battalion was assigned to the 22nd Panzer Division as the Germans attempted to relieve the trapped 6th Army . The Division was virtually wiped out in the fighting and the battery was assigned to the 23rd Panzer Division where it became the Sturm - Infanterie - Geschütz - Batterie / Panzer - Regiment 201 ( also known as 9 . Kompanie / Panzer - Regiment 201 ) for the rest of the war . The last strength report to mention them lists five remaining in September 1944 . Only one survived at the Kubinka NIIBT Research Collection at Russia .
Stability 2008 " Stability 2008 " was a major strategic military exercise initiated in late September 2008 involving the Russian military estimated to last for around one month . The exercise was a rehearsal of the deployment of Russia ' s conventional armed forces , and also its ground - , sea - and air - based nuclear deterrent . The exercises involved mobilization and deployment to forward positions of forces in the Moscow and Far East Military District s and the deployment of the navy in the North Sea , the Atlantic ( Northern Fleet ) , the Baltic Sea ( Baltic Fleet ) , and the Pacific ( Pacific Fleet ) . Three air armies and one air defense corps , the Strategic Rocket Forces , strategic bombers , and Space Forces were involved as well as Belarusian military formations . The exercise involved all of Russia ’ s nuclear forces , most of the battle - ready navy , and the Air Force , but only some of the army . Tupolev Tu - 22M3 ; Tupolev Tu - 95MS ; and Tupolev Tu - 160 strategic bombers , Sukhoi Su - 27 fighters , Mikoyan MiG - 31 interceptors , Ilyushin Il - 78 tankers , and Beriev A - 50 AWACS took part in the exercise . On October 8 , Japanese F - 15s intercepted Russian Tupolev Tu - 22M 3s over the Sea of Japan . As part of the exercise , two Tupolev Tu - 160 strategic bombers were deployed to Venezuela . Russian Embedded journalists were on board the nuclear cruiser Pyotr Velikii which was underway to the Syrian port Tartus , broadcasting daily bulletins from the exercise to Russian broadcast audiences . The Pyotr Velikii was destined for Venezuela where it took part in naval exercises .
221st Combat Communications Squadron The United States Air Force ' s 221st Combat Communications Squadron ( 221 CBCS ) is an Air National Guard combat communications unit located at Hensley Field , Grand Prairie , Texas . Mission . Deploy , operate , and sustain command , control , communications and computer systems ( C4 ) and support capabilities for Air Force and joint military operations under bare - base conditions . Promote public safety for the citizens of the State of Texas and to respond to state and local emergencies . History . The 221st Combat Communications Squadron was originally organized as the 221st Radio Relay Squadron in July 1952 . Its operational headquarters was the 251st Group at Springfield , Ohio , and the 136th Airlift Wing at Hensley Field supported it . Command of the unit was transferred to the 252d Group at Spokane , Washington in January 1963 . In March 1968 , the unit was re - designated the 221st Mobile Communications Squadron to more accurately reflect its mission . In June 1971 the 254th Mobile Communications Group was created at the 221st ' s station and became the its operational headquarters .