naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
USS Fox ( 1859 ) USS " Fox " was a captured Confederate schooner acquired by the Union Navy from the prize court during the American Civil War . The Union Navy placed her into service as a ship ' s tender , whose task was to serve the fleet blockading the Confederate States of America . However , she was outfitted with a powerful rifled gun , which helped her in the role of gunboat and the capture of a prize on her own . Captured and acquired by the Union Navy . " Fox " , a schooner , was built in 1859 at Baltimore , Maryland ; used as a blockade runner by the Confederates under the name " Alabama " ; captured 18 April 1863 by " Susquehanna " ; purchased from the prize court 6 May 1863 ; renamed " Fox " , her former merchant name ; and first put to sea 10 June 1863 , Acting Master A . Weston in command . Civil War operations . Serving as tender with the East Gulf Blockade . Assigned to the East Gulf Blockading Squadron , " Fox " sailed out of Key West , Florida , throughout the remainder of the war . Her primary duty was as tender to the ordnance ship " Dale " and other large ships , but in her patrols alone and with the squadron , she shared in the capture of several blockade runners sailing out of Havana , Cuba . Sailing alone , on 20 December 1863 she discovered a side wheel steamer grounded at the mouth of the Suwanee River , and after firing on her , sent a boarding party which found the steamer ' s crew had fled . Finding the engine room flooded and the job of getting the steamer off beyond her limited capacity , " Fox " burned her to prevent her further use by the Confederates . Winning prizes on her own . Four days later , again sailing alone , " Fox " encountered a British schooner from Havana in the Suwanee River , and after firing several shells , boarded her and took her prize . On 18 April 1864 , " Fox " chased a British schooner until the schooner ' s crew ran her aground and abandoned her . A party from " Fox " boarded and burned the blockade runner . Again she took a prize singlehanded on 1 May , when she apprehended a sloop running the blockade off Cape Romano , Florida . Her first prize in 1865 , taken 23 January , was another British blockade runner out of Havana . On 12 March , " Fox " chased a schooner ashore in Deadman ' s Bay . The blockade runner ' s crew set her afire , but part of her cargo of cavalry saber s and farming equipment was saved from the flames by " Fox ' s " boarding party . Several times during these years boat parties from " Fox " destroyed valuable salt works ashore , such expeditions combining with her captures to make hers a most significant role in the total effort to cut the Confederacy off from key supplies . Detached from duty 1 June 1865 , Fox was sold 28 June 1865 .
Battle of Voronezh ( 1943 ) The 1943 battle of Voronezh ( often credited in Russian as the liberation of Voronezh ( освобождение Воронежа ) ) was a Soviet counter - offensive on recapturing the city of Voronezh during the Ostrogozhsk - Rossoshansk and Voronezh - Kastornensk operations on the Eastern Front of World War II . The Nazis had captured the city in a 1942 battle .
Vengeur - class ship of the line The " Vengeur " - class ships of the line were a class of forty 74 - gun third rate s , designed for the Royal Navy as a joint effort between the Surveyors of the Navy at the time . The " Vengeur " Class , sometimes referred to as the Surveyors ' class of third rates , amongst other names , was the most numerous class of ships of the line ever built for the Royal Navy - forty ships being completed to this design . Due to some dubious practices , primarily in the commercial dockyards used for construction , this class of ships earned itself the nickname of ' Forty Thieves . ' Between 1826 and 1832 , ten of these ships were cut down by one deck ( " raséed " ) to produce 50 - gun " frigates " . These were the " Barham " , " Dublin " , " Alfred " , " Cornwall " , " America " , " Conquestador " , " Rodney " ( renamed " Greenwich " ) , " Vindictive " , " Eagle " and " Gloucester " . Planned similar conversions of the " Clarence " ( renamed " Centurion " ) and " Cressy " around this time were cancelled , but the " Warspite " was additionally converted along the same lines in 1837 - 1840 . Around 1845 four of these ships were converted into ' blockships ' , the current term for floating batteries , equipped with a steam / screw propulsion system and re - armed with 60 guns . In this guise some of them saw action during the Crimean War . The four were the " Blenheim " , " Ajax " , " Hogue " and " Edinburgh " . About ten years later , a further batch of five ships was similarly converted - this included the " Russell " , " Cornwallis " and " Pembroke " of this class ( as well as the " Hawke " and " Hastings " of other designs ) . In fiction . A fictitious member of this class of 74s , HMS " Worcester " , features largely in The Ionian Mission , one of the Aubrey - Maturin series of novels by Patrick O ' Brian .
Thomas Jesup Brigadier General Thomas Sidney Jesup , USA ( December 16 , 1788 – June 10 , 1860 ) was an American military officer known as the " Father of the Modern Quartermaster Corps " . He was born in Berkeley County , West Virginia . He began his military career in 1808 , and served in the War of 1812 , seeing action in the battles of Chippewa and Lundy ' s Lane in 1814 , where he was wounded . He was appointed temporary Adjutant General and Quartermaster General on May 8 , 1818 by President James Monroe . In 1836 , while Jesup was still officially Quartermaster General , President Jackson detached him first to deal with the Creek tribe in Georgia and Alabama , and then to assume command of all U . S . troops in Florida during the Second Seminole War ( 1837 – 1842 ) . His actions in violating truces to capture Seminole leaders , such as Osceola , provoked controversy . At the conclusion of the hostilities , Jesup returned to his official post . During the Mexican - American War , Jesup traveled from his headquarters in Washington , D . C . to oversee the supplying of troops in Mexico . He served as Quartermaster General for 42 years , holding the record for the longest continual service in the same position in U . S . military history . He died in office in Washington , D . C . at age 72 .
Château d ' Usson The Château d ' Usson is one of the so - called Cathar castles in what is now southwestern France . It is located in the " commune " of Rouze , in the Ariège " département " . It is sited upstream from Axat , along the Aude River gorge , carved out of the foothills of the Pyrenees . It is situated at 920 m in altitude and dominates the valley of the Aude River . The Château de Puilaurens is 30 km away , Château de Puivert 49 km and Château de Quéribus 60 km . Château d ' Usson is listed as a " monument historique " by the French Ministry of Culture . History . The castle dates from the 11th century ( perhaps earlier ) and during the Cathar period marked the eastern boundary of the territories of the Counts of Foix . In the 12th century this was the capital of the Donezan region . Before the " défilé " was cut through the mountains to link Quillan to Axat , this was an inaccessible outpost providing succour for faidits and other persecuted Cathars . The Cathar bishop of Toulouse Guilhabert de Castres is known to have taken refuge here . Towards the end of the wars against the Cathars this was one of their last sanctuaries , providing support for Montségur . The seigneurs of Usson , Bernard d ' Alion , lord of the Château de Montaillou , and his brother Arnaud d ' Usson sent arms and supplies to their besieged comrades there . On March 15 , 1244 , the day before 225 Cathar " parfaits " were burned alive at Montségur , four other " parfaits " left the castle there for Usson , where the Cathar treasure had been evacuated a few months earlier . This mystery has fed a number of theories about the equally mysterious treasure supposedly found at Rennes - le - Château in the 19th century . Bernard d ' Alion was burned alive at Perpignan in 1258 . The castle was rebuilt as a French border fortress , and given by Louis XIV to the new Marquis d ' Usson . Like other seigneural residences it was sold as communal property at the French Revolution , after which time it was used as a stone quarry . Not far away is the Château de Donézan , where Cathars were still holding out eleven years after the fall of Montségur . On display at the castle are parts of the wreckage of a Second World War British Dakota transport aircraft which crashed on 5 December 1944 on a nearby mountain with the loss of seventeen lives .
USS Cormorant ( MHC - 57 ) USS Cormorant ( MHC - 57 ) is the seventh ship of Osprey class coastal mine hunters . Current Status The US Senate has approved the sale of the ship to India along with MCH - 56 " Kingfisher " in September 2010 .
RML 12 inch 25 ton gun The RML 12 inch 25 ton guns were large rifled muzzle - loading guns used as primary armament on British ironclad turret battleships and coastal monitors , and also ashore for coast defence . They were the shorter and less powerful of the two 12 - inch ( 305 - mm ) British RML guns , the other being the 35 - ton gun . Design . Mark I . Four guns were first made in 1866 with a toughened mild steel tube surrounded by multiple wrought iron coils on the original Armstrong pattern . Mark II . While strong , the multiple coils were considered too expensive for construction in quantity . From 1867 guns were built on the simplified and hence cheaper " Fraser " system involving fewer but larger coils similar to the 10 - inch ( 254 - mm ) Mk II gun . The guns were not considered a success , with the rifling twist of 1 in 100 increasing to 1 in 50 considered insufficient for accuracy , and guns were retubed in 11 - inch ( 279 - mm ) calibre when their bores wore out . Naval service . Guns were mounted on : Ammunition . The gun ' s primary projectile was 600 to 608 - pound ( 272 - to 275 - kilogram ) " Palliser " armour - piercing shot , fired with a " Battering charge " of 85 pounds ( 38 . 5 kilograms ) of " P " ( gunpowder ) or 67 pounds ( 30 . 4 kilograms ) " R . L . G . " ( gunpowder ) for maximum velocity and hence penetrating power . Shrapnel and Common ( exploding ) shells weighed 497 pounds ( 225 . 5 kilograms ) and were fired with a " Full charge " of 55 pounds ( 25 kilograms ) " P " or 50 pounds ( 22 . 7 kilograms ) " R . L . G . " .
Alexander Oliver Alexander Oliver ( November 30 , 1744 – September 2 , 1828 ) was an American soldier who fought during the Revolutionary War . Background and the American Revolution . Oliver was born in Sherborn , Massachusetts , to Launcelot Oliver and Mary Walker . Before the war he married Mary Warner , third cousin of Seth Warner and seventh cousin of George Washington . His decision to fight against the British was very much disliked by part of his family , mainly because his second cousin was Andrew Oliver , a Massachusetts politician who was commissioned to enforce the Stamp Act in Massachusetts , and another cousin more distant this time Thomas Oliver would become Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts . He was made a corporal of 13th Massachusetts Regiment raised by Colonel Samuel Brewer , while in the 13th he fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill , Battle of Valcour Island and Battle of Saratoga where he led a group of men to capture general John Burgoyne . Then he was Regimental Quartermaster of Jeduthan Baldwin ' s Artillery Artificer Regiment , then an Ensign or Second lieutenant in the 5th Massachusetts Regiment , then a Lieutenant , and then a Colonel for Massachusetts . Alexander Oliver was in charge of recruiting men to fight all around Massachusetts . Oliver was a participant in the Boston Tea Party . Alexander was also in George Washington ' s staff at Dorchester Heights and was near him as they marched into Boston . He was also the third great grandson of Thomas Oliver one of the first Olivers in the Colonies and a Ruling Elder of the Church of Boston . Ohio River Expedition . Oliver and major Nathan Goodale were sent with an exploring committee down the Ohio River into the Kanawha River for about six weeks to find out as much information as possible on the area , traveling through present day West Virginia , Virginia , and North Carolina on the way . Moving to Ohio . After arriving in Ohio Oliver helped found Belpre , Ohio along with thirteen other Revolutionary War veterans . After leaving Belpre he moved to Point Pleasant , Ohio where he later died . Family . Oliver had eleven children with Mary Warner ; one of his notable descendants is his granddaughter who married Admiral Raphael Semmes .
Cohors IV Gallorum equitata Cohors quarta Gallorum equitata ( " 4th part - mounted Cohort of Gauls " ) was a Roman auxiliary cohort containing both infantry and cavalry contingents . It was probably raised in Gallia Lugdunensis at the time of the founder - emperor Augustus ( 30BC - 14AD ) . It is first attested in Moesia in 75 AD and was still in Moesia Inferior in 105 . It therefore probably took part in the emperor Trajan ' s Dacian Wars ( 99 - 106 ) . After a brief stay in Thracia ( where it is attested in 114 ) , it was transferred to Britannia not later than 122 . Its last datable attestation is in 276 - 82 , still at Vindolanda . But the " Notitia Dignitatum " , a late Roman official document , records a " cohors IV Gallorum " at Vindolanda under the dux Britanniarum , the commander of " limitanei " ( border forces ) along Hadrian ' s Wall . The Western section of the " Notitia " was drawn up in the 420 ' s but the British units must date to before 410 , when the island was evacuated by the Roman army . In Britannia , the regiment was stationed in various forts . In the 3rd century it is attested , from 213 onwards , in the fort at Vindolanda ( Chesterholm ) on Hadrian ' s Wall , but the regiment ' s inscriptions have also been found , undatable , at Risingham , Templeborough , Castlehill , Castlesteads and High Rochester . According to Holder , the sequence was Castlehill 144 - 60 , Risingham 160 - 80 and then at Vindolanda . Castlehill was a fort on the Antonine Wall in Caledonia ( Scotland ) that was held for only 20 years by the Romans . The names of 10 " praefecti " ( regimental commanders ) are preserved , of which the origin of just one is certain : Quintus Petronius Urbicus from Brixia ( Brescia ) in northern Italy ( c220 ) . Of the common ranks , the origin of just one is known : an Illyrian " eques " ( common cavalryman ) , C . Iulius Valens of the Tralli tribe , attested in 114 .
7th Virginia Cavalry The 7th Virginia Cavalry also known as Ashby ' s Cavalry was a Confederate cavalry regiment raised in the spring of 1861 by Colonel Angus William McDonald The regiment was composed primarily of men from the counties of the upper Shenandoah Valley as well as from the counties of Fauquier and Loudoun . Two companies contained men from the border counties of Maryland . History . The regiment was initially assigned to guarding the upper Potomac and was attached to the command of Thomas " Stonewall " Jackson in the Valley . In the spring of 1862 the regiment took part in Jackson ' s Valley Campaign , where the exploits of the unit and its commander , Turner Ashby , became famous on both sides of the war . Near the conclusion of the campaign , Ashby was mortally wounded and Col . Richard Henry Dulany took command of the regiment , which had swelled to 29 companies . The regiment was reorganized at the end of the campaign , with the original 10 companies remaining and the excess 19 forming the 12th Regiment and 17th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry . Together with these two regiments , the 7th would become the nucleus of the famed Laurel Brigade . As part of the brigade , the 7th saw major action during the Gettysburg Campaign in 1863 and was at the famed cavalry Battle of Brandy Station that same year . They took part in Jubal A . Early ' s ill - fated Valley Campaigns of 1864 and were at Appomattox Courthouse , though much of the unit escaped through federal lines and returned home to disband rather than taking parole with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia .
German submarine U - 1018 German submarine " U - 1018 " was a German Type VIIC / 41 U - boat , built during World War II for service in the Battle of the Atlantic . The U - boat was fitted with the Schnorchel underwater - breathing apparatus which enabled her to stay under - water for extended periods thus avoiding detection by enemy warships . Construction . She was completed in Hamburg in April 1944 , and spent the rest of 1944 training with the 31st U - boat Flotilla . An accident took place during U - 1018 ' s work - up period in the Baltic on 17 June which killed one crew member ( Obersteuermann Walter Nellsen ) and wounded two . In December 1944 , she was moved from Kiel to Horten in Norway to join 11th U - boat Flotilla , before departing on 21 January 1945 to patrol the Western Approaches of the English Channel under the command of Kptlt . Walter Burmeister . Combat role . On 27 February 1945 she attacked convoy BTC 81 about seven miles from Lizard Point , Cornwall ( at ) . " U - 1018 " launched a torpedo which hit the Norwegian freighter SS " Corvus " which sank within a few minutes , resulting in the death of five of the freighter ' s Norwegian crew , a 16 - year old British cabin boy , Thomas Boniface , and two British Royal Navy gunners , ( part of the DEMS gun crew ) including former professional footballer Charlie Sillett . The convoy escort ships immediately launched heavy counter - attacks . Less than two hours later , " U - 1018 " was sunk by depth charge s dropped by under the command of Cdr . Benjamin Andrew Rogers , RD , RNR . Only two members of the crew of 53 survived .
French ship Viala ( 1795 ) The Viala was a 74 - gun of the French Navy launched in 1795 . She was captured by the Royal Navy in 1806 and sold in 1814 . French service . Between 1794 and 1795 , the French successively named her " Viala " ( in honour of Joseph Agricol Viala ) , " Voltaire " ( in honour of François - Marie Arouet ) , and " Constitution " ( after the Constitution of the National Convention ) . In the winter of 1796 - 1797 , she took part in the Expédition d ' Irlande . She managed to reach Bantry Bay , where she was damaged in a collision with " Révolution " . In 1802 , she was recommissioned in Toulon , under Captain Faure . In 1803 , she was renamed again to " Jupiter " , and joined Vice - Admiral Corentin Urbain Leissègues ' s squadron bound for Santo Domingo , under Captain Laignel . , while serving in a Royal Navy squadron under the command of Vice Admiral Duckworth , captured her at the Battle of San Domingo ( 6 February 1806 ) . In the battle , " Jupiter " lost some 200 men killed and wounded ; " Donegal " had 12 men killed and 33 wounded . British service . " Jupiter " arrived in Portsmouth on 6 May 1805 . The Royal Navy then commissioned her as " Maida " , in honour of the Battle of Maida , the name " Jupiter " being already used for the 50 - gun fourth rate . On 26 October 1806 , Tsar Alexander I of Russia declared war on Great Britain . The official news did not arrive there until 2 December , at which time the British declared an embargo on all Russian vessels in British ports . " Maida " was one of some 70 vessels that shared in the proceeds of the seizure of the 44 - gun Russian frigate " Speshnoy " , and the Russian storeship " Wilhelmina " ( or " Vilghemina " ) then in Portsmouth harbour . The Russian vessels were carrying the payroll for Vice - Admiral Dmitry Senyavin ’ s squadron in the Mediterranean . She was commissioned in February 1807 under Captain Samuel Hood Linzee . " Maida " was one of the vessels at the Second Battle of Copenhagen . There she landed a party of seamen who manned the breaching battery before the city . Because she was one of the vessels present at the seizure of the Danish fleet on 7 September , her officers and crew were entitled to share in the prize money . " Maida " was paid off at Portsmouth on 9 March 1808 and placed into ordinary . In 1813 she came under the command of Captain John Hayes . She remained in ordinary , i . e . , she was not recommissioned , but served as flagship at Portsmouth to Rear - Admiral Edward Griffith Colpoys . Fate . On 25 July 1814 the Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty ' s Navy put her up for sale . The conditions of sale included that the purchaser was to give a bond , with two sureties for ₤3000 , that they would not sell or otherwise dispose of the ship but that they would break her up within twelve months from the date of sale . She was sold on 11 August 1814 for £4 , 700 .
First Fiji Expedition The First Fiji Expedition undertaken by the United States Navy occurred in October 1855 during the civil war on the islands . In response to the alleged arson attacks on the American commercial agent in Lautoka , Viti Levu , the navy sent a warship to demand compensation for the attack from King Seru Epenisa Cakobau . Expedition . The first incident that led to the American expedition was in 1849 when the house owned by agent John Brown Williams was hit by cannon fire and caught on fire . The Fijians were allegedly celebrating the Fourth of July when cannon balls fell on the building . The second incident happened the same year as the expedition when , again , fire was to interrupt John Williams duties . After another accidental fire on Nukulau destroyed his store and some Fijians looted the place . USS " John Adams " , under Commander Edward B . Boutwell , was sent to monitor the unrest in October and her crew were landed on more than one occasion to protect American interests . When Commander Boutwell heard of the incidents involving William ' s house and store , he demanded $ 5 , 000 in compensation from King Cakobau . This initial claim was supplemented by further claims totalling $ 38 , 000 . A deadline was given and if the natives failed to pay so and a landing party of marine s and sailors was sent ashore to capture the king in the island ' s village . Fijian warrior s put up some resistance and one American service man was killed and two were wounded . Ultimately the men of USS " John Adams " were successful in routing a contingent of natives from Lautoka but Cakobau and the survivors escaped capture . A second expedition in 1858 , involving the crew of USS " Vandalia " , achieved clearer results but in the end , Cakobau ' s debt was never paid .