naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
2 / 11th Armoured Car Regiment ( Australia ) The 2 / 11th Armoured Car Regiment was an Australian Army armoured reconnaissance regiment of World War II . The Regiment was formed in 1941 and disbanded in 1944 without seeing action . History . The 2 / 11th Armoured Car Regiment was formed in Cowra , New South Wales during August 1941 as part of the 1st Armoured Division . The Regiment was gradually brought up to full strength and was expanded to four ' sabre ' squadrons following the outbreak of the Pacific War . For the first 11 months of its existence the Regiment was equipped with a small number of obsolete Australian - built armoured cars which were suitable only for training purposes . In July 1942 these vehicles were replaced with more modern Australian designed vehicles such as the Rover Light Armoured Car and Dingo scout car . The Regiment participated in the 1st Armoured Division ' s large - scale exercises which were held near Narrabri , New South Wales in late 1942 . In October 1942 the Regiment was reduced in size when ' D ' Squadron was used to form the 2 / 4th Armoured Regiment . In November the 2 / 11th Armoured Car Regiment moved to West Australia with the 1st Armoured Division . During 1943 the Regiment conducted reconnaissance patrols across much of West Australia . The Regiment survived the 1st Armoured Division ' s disbandment in September 1943 and became part of the 2nd Division . Although the Regiment was reequipped with Staghound armoured cars in early 1944 it was disbanded in New South Wales in March 1944 .
Cesare Battisti ( politician ) Cesare Battisti ( 4 February 1875 – 12 July 1916 ) was an Italian politician of Austrian citizenship , who became a prominent Irrendentist at the start of the First World War . Biography . He was born the son of a merchant at Trento , a city with a predominantly Italian - speaking population , which at the time was part of the Cisleithania n crown land of Tyrol in Austria - Hungary . Battisti attended the University of Florence , where he became a follower the Italian irredentism movement , aiming at the unification of his Trentino homeland with the Kingdom of Italy , though contrary to activists like Ettore Tolomei and Gabriele d ' Annunzio , he did not claim the predominantly German - speaking areas of South Tyrol up to the Brenner Pass . A journalist by profession and a member of the Social Democratic Workers ' Party of Austria , he was elected as a representative to the Tyrolean " Landtag " assembly at Innsbruck as well as to the Austrian Imperial Council ( " Reichsrat " ) at Vienna in 1911 , where he vainly tried to obtain a status of autonomy for the Trentino region . Disgruntled by Austro - Hungarian attitudes to minorities in their empire , Battisti agreed to construct a military guide for the Italians to Austrian provinces that bordered Italy . When Austria - Hungary mobilised in August 1914 , Battisti fled to the Kingdom of Italy with his family where he held public meetings demanding Italy join the Triple Entente forces against Austria . With Italy ' s entry into World War I following the 1915 London Pact , though still an Austrian citizen , Battisti fought against the Austro - Hungarian Army in the Alpini Corps at the Italian Front . After the Battle of Asiago he was captured by the Austrian forces on 10 July 1916 and faced a court - martial in his hometown Trento at the Castello del Buonconsiglio , charged with high treason . Though Battisti officially enjoyed parliamentary immunity , he was sentenced to death by strangulation . He requested a military execution by firing squad so as to not dishonor the Italian Army uniform , but the judge denied his request , and instead procured for him some shabby civilian clothes . Dressed in these , he was executed ( hanged and garrotted ) the same day , the brutality of which was increased by the fact that the executioner Joseph Lang botched the job and Battisti actually was hanged twice . The smiling execution squad posed with his body for photographs , which later published did severe damage to the Austrian reputation . The author Karl Kraus applied a picture as frontispiece of his 1922 play " Die letzten Tage der Menschheit " ( The Last Days of Mankind ) . Battisti is considered a national hero in Italy and several memorials were dedicated to him , in Rome as well as in his hometown Trento and at the Bolzano Victory Monument , both Austrian cities until 1918 . < BR >
131st Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 131st Infantry Division ( German : " 131 . Infanteriedivision " ) was a German Army infantry division in World War II . Operational history . The 131st Infantry Division was activated in October 1940 , primarily out of other divisions - it included soldiers from the 31st and 269th Infantry Divisions , and cavalry from the 19th .
The Sharks ( Royal Navy ) The " Sharks " were the Royal Navy ' s Helicopter Display Team from 1975 to 1992 . They flew four red Aérospatiale Gazelle helicopters , with aircraft and pilots drawn from 705 Naval Air Squadron based at RNAS Culdrose , Cornwall . History . The " Sharks " were established in 1975 and were unusual in that the team ' s personnel and crews were changed every year . The pilots were all instructors from 705 NAS , which at the time was the squadron responsible for the basic training of Royal Navy helicopter pilots . Their involvement with the " Sharks " was purely voluntary , and all the activities involved with the team - the pre - season rehearsals , transits to and from display venues , and the display flying itself - were in addition to their normal weekday duties instructing student pilots on the Westland Gazelle . The " Sharks " display routine was renowned for mixing together a range of different manoeuvres , comprising close formation , synchronised , opposition and solo flying . The display typically lasted for 10 – 12 minutes , and was highlighted by the use of distinctive mix of red and green smoke . The team operated successfully for the best part of two decades , appearing at airshows and events around the UK and near Europe . They were regulars at the largest shows such as the International Air Tattoo , Farnborough Airshow , as well as Royal Navy - organised events and the British Grand Prix . Disbanding . The team were disbanded in 1992 due to Royal Navy operational and budgetary commitments . Despite this , the Royal Navy Helicopter Display Team title was maintained until the end of 1996 as 705 NAS continued to provide a pair of Gazelles known simply as the " Gazelle Pair " ( although in 1995 a special four - aircraft team was resurrected for a handful of events ) . With the retirement of the Gazelle from Royal Navy service , the Royal Navy Helicopter Display Team was finally disbanded in 1996 . A new display team , composed of two Lynx helicopters , was formed in 2001 and has been known as the Black Cats since 2004 .
No . 284 Squadron RAF No . 284 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron . History . No . 284 Squadron was formed at RAF Gravesend , England on the 7 May 1943 from detachments of other air - sea rescue ( ASR ) squadrons as an air - sea rescue squadron . The squadron moved to RAF Hal Far , Malta in July 1943 . The squadron was equipped with the Supermarine Walrus and was responsible for air - sea rescue around Malta . Later the squadron headquarters moved to southern Italy during the Italian Campaign , the squadron providing detachments of aircraft as the campaign proceeded . Detachments of the squadron could so be found on Sicily , Sardinia , Tunisia and southern France . Warwicks were added to the establishment in March 1944 and the following September the Walruses were transferred to No . 293 Squadron RAF and the squadron received some Hurricanes in their place . At the end of the Second World War the squadron disbanded on Corsica at Pomigliano on 21 September 1945 . The squadron reformed at Nicosia , Cyprus on 15 October 1956 , equipped with Sycamore HR Mk . 14s in the ASR and support helicopter role . In November 1956 , some Westland Whirlwind HAR Mk . 2s were received and both types were operated until July 1959 , when the Sycamores were retired . However , the following month the squadron was disbanded when it was re - numbered to No . 103 Squadron RAF .
59th Infantry Division ( United States ) The US 59th Infantry Division was a ' Phantom Division ' created in May 1944 as part of Fortitude South II . to cover the deployment of the US 35th Infantry Division to Normandy . World War II . The division was presented to the Germans as having established its headquarters in the Harwich area after having been formed at Fort Custer in 1942 and undergone training in Tennessee , Minnesota and the Desert Training Center . In Fortitude South II it formed part of US XXXVII Corps , US 14th Army and was depicted as one of the divisions that would carry out the first landings on the Pas de Calais beaches , landing at the central of the three notional landing beaches . During this period it carried out three simulated landing exercises with the notional Force F . In the aftermath of Fortitude South II was depicted as moving to Rowlands Castle in Hampshire during August 1944 before leaving the United Kingdom via Southampton in September 1944 . Insignia . Most ' Phantom Division ' insignia were designed by the Quartermaster Corps , however in the case of the 59th Infantry Division , its insignia , inspired by the Gadsden flag was created by American members of the Operation Fortitude staff . In his reports to the Germans Agent Tate , described the insignia as " . . . a black snake on circular blue ground . " Composition . In addition to the usual divisional support units the 59th Infantry Division was composed of :
76th Army Band ( United States ) The 76th Army Band , formerly known as the V Corps Band , is a direct support band based in Mannheim , Germany . It has deployed to several locations worldwide since WWII . It deployed to Baghdad , Iraq in February 2003 and January 2006 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom . Performing ensembles include Brass Quintet , Dixieland Band , Brass Band , Little Big Band , Concert Band , Marching Band , and Ceremonial band as well as other small ensembles . Lineage . This unit was originally formed on June 30 , 1931 and was known as the 15th Coast Artillery Band stationed at Fort Kamehameha on Oahu , Hawaii . Its combat assignment was coastal defense of Pearl Harbor , but the unit also assisted in the staffing of the Hawaii Quartermaster Depot when not performing band duties . It was released from assignment to the 15th CA Regiment , and Assigned to Central Pacific Base Command on January 31 , 1944 . On May 23 , 1944 , the 15th Coast Artillery Band was reorganized and reassigned as the 76th Army Ground Forces Band which served in the central pacific theater of operation in Japan until May 31 , 1947 when the band was inactivated . The band reactivated May 5 , 1952 in Orleans , France in support of the United States Army Communications Zone Europe . The band remained in France until 1966 when they moved to Worms , Germany . In February 1975 the band relocated to Kaiserslautern , Germany in support of 32nd Air Defense Command . On 11 October 1975 , the 76th Army Band was reassigned to the 1st Support Brigade , which is now known as the 21st Theater Support Command . The band remained in Kaiserslautern until the 493rd Army Band located in Frankfurt , Germany deactivated . During the drawdown of forces in Europe , the 76th Army Band was attached to V Corps and served with great distinction as the V Corps Band . The 76th relocated again to Wiesbaden in February 1995 . The band moved to Coleman Barracks in Sandhofen / Mannheim in July 2001 , and was returned to 21st TSC in 2007 . The 76th Army Band has performed before millions in over 20 countries . They have been featured in many international television broadcasts and Military Music Shows around Europe . The 76th Army Band has deployed in support of Operation Joint Endeavor and Joint Guard in the Balkans region , Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 and 2006 , and has also supported many important commemorations of the anniversaries of D - Day , V - E Day , and The Battle of the Bulge . Other notable contributions include : over 400 troop morale concerts in Iraq ; performing with Wayne Newton and Neal McCoy ; opening for Bruce Willis and the Accelerators ; the WWE ’ s Christmas in Baghdad ; the Dallas Cowboy USO Tour ; Robin Williams Comedy Tour ; and Arnold Schwarzenegger ’ s USO Tour . Campaign participation credit . Decorations . Army Superior Unit Award for 1991
HMS Electra ( 1808 ) HMS " Electra " was a 16 - gun brig - sloop . She was built by the Enterprise Ethéart , St Malo , as the French " Curieux " - class brig " Espiègle " and launched in 1804 . She was armed in 1807 at Saint Servan . The British frigate " Sybille " captured her on 16 August 1808 . There was already an in the Royal Navy so the Navy took the vessel they had just captured into service as HMS " Electra " , her predecessor having been wrecked in March . " Electra " was sold in 1816 . French service . She sailed from Lorient on 15 August 1807 under the command of " Lieutenant de vaisseau " Maujouan , and in the company of and . The three ships were sailing across the Bay of Biscay en route to Martinique when they encountered , under Captain Cuthbert Featherstone Daly , on 17 August 1808 . " Comet " soon captured " Sylphe " but the other two escaped . The next day Captain Clotworthy Upton in " Sybille " captured " Espiègle " . " Diligente " , though , escaped . British service . " Electra " was only commissioned in February 1812 under Commander William Gregory and spent most of her brief career escorting convoys to and from Newfoundland . She sailed for Newfoundland both on 27 April 1812 and on 17 March 1813 . She did make one capture . On 7 July 1813 " Electra " captured a U . S . privateer near Newfoundland after a six - hour chase . She was the schooner " Growler " , pierced for 14 guns but carrying only one long 24 - pounder gun and four 18 - pounder guns . She had a crew of 60 men . " Growler " , under Captain N . Lindsey , had had a relatively successful cruise having taken the ship " Arabella " , a brig , the schooner " Prince of Wales " , and the brig " Ann " . Commander Thomas Walbeoff Cecil took command in June 1814 , but died of yellow fever in October in the West Indies . ( On 28 April 1814 , then Lieutenant Cecil of had killed Captain Hassard Stackpole , of , in a duel . Earlier , Cecil had served under Stackpole in , and the duel grew out of that experience . ) Cecil died of yellow fever at Port Royal on 24 October 1814 . Fate . Cecil ' s replacement , Commander Richard Lewin , paid " Electra " off in 1815 . On 17 June 1816 the Commissioners of the Navy offered her for sale at Deptford . She was sold there for ₤800 on 11 July 1816 .
Eleazer D . Wood Eleazer Derby Wood ( December 1783 – September 17 , 1814 ) was an American Army officer in the War of 1812 . Wood was born in Lunenburg , Massachusetts . He was admitted to United States Military Academy at West Point on May 17 , 1805 and graduated on October 30 , 1806 . After graduation he served as assistant Engineer in the construction of the defenses at Governor ' s Island in New York harbor , 1807 . In February 1808 he was promoted to First Lieutenant . He assisted in the construction of Castle Williams in New York Harbor and Fort Norfolk in Virginia . During the War of 1812 Wood was promoted to Captain conducted the defence of Fort Meigs during its siege , was engaged in the sortie of May 5 , 1813 , and was in command of the artillery at the battle of the Thames on October 5 . He was appointed acting adjutant - general to General William Henry Harrison in October 1813 and was transferred to the northern army in 1814 . Wood was engaged in all the battles of that northern campaign , including the capture of Fort Erie on July 3 . Wood was also in the battles of Chippawa and Niagara Falls , and was brevetted Lieutenant Colonel for bravery at the last - named action . After the battle of Niagara the American army fell back to Fort Erie where Colonel Wood , then in command of the 21st Infantry Regiment , participated in the defense the fort on August 15 , 1814 . Colonel Wood was killed in a sortie from Fort Erie on September 17 , 1814 . Wood was greatly admired by the Army ' s commanding general Jacob Brown who commissioned a monument in his honor at West Point and also had Fort Wood on Bedloe ' s Island in New York Harbor on which the Statue of Liberty was built . Wood ' s Monument at West Point is dedicated in his honor . He is also the namesake of Wood County , Ohio
Svea ingenjörregemente Svea ingenjörregemente ( Svealand Engineer Regiment ) , designation Ing 1 , was a Swedish Army engineer regiment that traced its origins back to the 19th century . It was disbanded in 1997 . The regiment was garrisoned in Uppland and Södermanland . History . The regiment has its origins in Sappörkompaniet raised in 1855 . The company was reorganised to a battalion - sized unit in 1864 and was renamed Sappörkåren . This unit was transformed to a pontoon bridge battalion , Pontonjärbataljonen , in 1867 . The battalion then changed its name once again in 1893 to Svea ingenjörbataljon , and in 1902 to Svea ingenjörkår , when it gained the designation Ing 1 ( 1st Engineer Regiment ) . That same year , the field telegraphy company that had been attached to the unit became independent and later formed Upplands regemente . Svea ingenjörkår was upgraded to a regiment in 1957 and was renamed Svea ingenjörregemente . It was then downgraded to a battalion unit again in 1994 , just three years before the unit was disbanded , in 1997 . The regiment was garrisoned in Stockholm , Solna and Södertälje during its lifetime .
Clinton D . MacDougall Clinton Dugald MacDougall ( June 14 , 1839 – May 24 , 1914 ) was a United States Representative from New York . Life and career . Born near Glasgow , Scotland , he immigrated to Canada in 1842 with his parents , who later settled in Auburn , New York . He pursued an academic course , studied law , and engaged in banking from 1856 to 1869 . He was commissioned captain in the Seventy - fifth Regiment , New York Volunteer Infantry on September 16 , 1861 ; lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment , New York Volunteer Infantry , August 20 , 1862 ; colonel January 3 , 1863 ; and Brevet ted brigadier general of Volunteers February 25 , 1865 . He was honorably mustered out on June 4 , 1865 . In 1869 he was appointed postmaster of Auburn . MacDougall was elected as a Republican to the Forty - third and Forty - fourth Congresses , holding office from March 4 , 1873 to March 3 , 1877 . He represented New York ' s 25th congressional district and New York ' s 26th congressional district . He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1876 . He served as United States Marshal of the northern judicial district of New York from 1877 to 1885 and from 1901 to 1910 . He died in Paris , France in 1914 ; interment was in Arlington National Cemetery .
M1 Armored Car The M1 Armored Car was a four - wheel drive American armored car tested by the Ordnance Department in 1931 . It was built by James Cunningham , Son and Company of Rochester , New York , and during testing demarcated as the Model T4 . History . Two T4 rest vehicles were built in 1931 and tested until 1934 , when they were standardized as the M1 . Some sources indicate an additional ten T4s may have been built before standardization - Army records list only 12 M1 cars being accepted , though it is unclear if these are all new built vehicles or if the number includes the ones originally built as T4s . If the records refer to two different orders , the maximum number built for each type is still only twelve T4 and twelve M1 . All vehicles of both designations are believed to have been issued to the First Cavalry Regiment for testing and trials . They are all believed to have been removed from service prior to 1939 . It was powered by an 8 - cylinder gasoline engine , sported a crew of four and was armed with a maximum of one . 50 machine gun permanently mounted in the turret and two ' backup ' . 30 machine guns mounted in fore and aft firing ports . The turret also had fittings for mounting one of the machine guns for anti - aircraft use , though this was never tested by the Army . It could hit a speed of 55 mph on paved surfaces , and had an estimated cruising range on roads of approximately 250 miles . While it actually has six wheels ( eight if you count the semi - usable spares behind the front axle ) , it is listed as a 4WD vehicle - the two rear axles are powered , while the front axle is only used for steering . This is different from many US Military combat vehicles which came later , most of which were all - wheel drive ( 4x4 or 6x6 ) . Though it had respectable ( for the 1930 ' s ) performance on paved and improved surfaces , the lack of powered front wheels and its length combined to give it very poor off - road performance , especially in mud and snow . The spare wheels were mounted on free - spinning ' stub axles ' in an effort to keep it from bottoming out the chassis , but they did nothing to help it get unstuck . Although the vehicle itself was not adopted for mass production , it showed enough benefits over continued use of the horse to warrant further study and experimentation at mechanizing the U . S . Cavalry through the rest of the 1930 ' s and into the early 1940 ' s . Lessons learned in its trials also led to the design and adoption of more successful Armored Cars , such as the T17 Staghound and M8 Greyhound . The lessons learned about its cross country performance were a factor in the eventual adoption of light tanks and half - tracks for many mechanized cavalry and recon units in the early 1940 ' s .
4th Cavalry Division ( German Empire ) The 4th Cavalry Division ( " 4 . Kavallerie - Division " ) was a unit of the German Army in World War I . The division was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . Initially assigned to II Cavalry Corps preceding 1st and 2nd Armies on the Western Front until November 1914 . Transferred to Russia until March 1918 . Returned to the Western Front , in Alsace until the end of the war . Dismounted in October 1916 and restructured to form 4th Cavalry " Schützen " Division . By the end of the war , it was serving under 64th Corps ( z . b . V . ) , Armee - Abteilung B , " Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg " on the Western Front . A more detailed combat chronicle can be found at the German - language version of this article . Order of Battle on mobilisation . On formation , in August 1914 , the component units of the division were : See : Table of Organisation and Equipment 4th Cavalry " Schützen " Division . The 4th Cavalry Division was extensively reorganised in the course of the war , culminating in conversion to a Cavalry " Schützen " Division , that is to say , dismounted cavalry . Here , the cavalry brigades were renamed Cavalry " Schützen " Commands and performed a similar role to that of an infantry regiment command . Likewise , the cavalry regiments became Cavalry " Schützen " Regiments and alloted the role of an infantry battalion and their squadrons acted as infantry companies . However , these units were much weaker than normal infantry formations ( for example , a Schützen squadron had a strength of just 4 officers and 109 NCOs and other ranks , considerably less than that of an infantry company ) . Late World War I organization . Allied Intelligence rated this division as 4th Class ( of 4 classes ) . It ' s late war organisation made it more akin to a " Landwehr " Division and was :