naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Arthur Foss Arthur Foss , built in 1889 , originally named " Wallowa " , is one of the oldest wooden - hulled tugboats afloat in the United States . In 1898 , in response to the Alaskan gold rush , she transported barges full of gold - seeking miners and supplies up the Inside Passage . There are no other Alaskan Gold Rush vessels still operating today . She was cast by the Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer movie studio to play in its 1933 production " Tugboat Annie " . In February 1941 " Arthur Foss " was sent under charter agreement with Contractors , Pacific Naval Air Bases to Wake Island for construction of harbors and air bases . In March she was joined by " Justine Foss " at Wake . " Arthur Foss , " under Captain Oscar Rolstad , was assigned the task of towing barges loaded with supplies and construction equipment from Honolulu and was returning to Honolulu with two 1 , 000 ton barges and twelve hours out of Wake when the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor was received . Painted white and highly visible the ship was a likely target standing " out like a chain of coral islands on the empty sea " and , despite some discussion of heading for Alaska , the ship continued to Pearl Harbor under radio silence . The ship was spotted by naval scout planes and escorted into Pearl Harbor 28 December 1941 where Admiral Claude Bloch cited the crew for action beyond the call of duty . " Arthur Foss " was the last vessel to escape Wake Island before Imperial Japanese forces captured the island on 23 December 1941 . She thus escaped the fate of " Justine Foss " that was captured , forced to serve Japanese purposes and then scuttled with members of her crew executed along with many of the other civilian contractors held captive . " Arthur Foss " was acquired by the US Navy in 1942 , renamed " Dohasan " and designated YT - 335 and later YTM - 335 . In 1946 the tug was returned to Foss Towing and Barge Co . and renamed " Arthur Foss " . In 1948 the tug was assigned the task of towing log cribs and later bundled log rafts in the Strait of Juan de Fuca continuing this work until retirement in 1968 to set the record for the longest uninterrupted log - towing service in the Straits . " Arthur Foss " has a six - cylinder , diesel engine . Her top speed is . The vessel is long with a beam of and a draft of . When last operated the vessel was owned by Foss Launch and Tug Company ( now Foss Maritime ) who donated her to Northwest Seaport in 1970 . Northwest Seaport renovated her in 2004 . The vessel was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989 and is a city landmark as well . and a featured attraction at Seattle ' s new South Lake Union Park . The vessel is open for public tours on most summer weekends , or by appointment .
William Ronckendorff William Ronckendorff ( born in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , 9 November 1812 ; died in New York City , 27 November 1891 ) was an officer in the United States Navy . Biography . He entered the Navy , became passed midshipman on 23 June 1838 , was commissioned lieutenant on 28 June 1843 , and in June 1845 was bearer of despatches to the commander - in - chief of the Pacific Squadron , with which he served during the war with Mexico . He was in the “ Savannah ” at the capture and occupation of Monterey and points on the coast of California , and returned to New York in September 1847 . He commanded the steamer “ M . W . Chapin ” in the Paraguay expedition of 1859 and on coast survey duty in 1860 , was commissioned commander , 29 June 1861 , and had charge of the steamer “ Water Witch ” from 1 March until 12 October 1861 , in the Gulf Squadron . On 27 December 1861 , he took command of the steamer “ San Jacinto , ” with which he was present in Hampton Roads to fight the “ Merrimac , ” and participated in the attack on Sewell ' s Point , 15 May 1862 , and in the capture of Norfolk on 18 May . He was in the “ Ticonderoga , ” searching for privateer s in 1863 , and in February 1864 he commanded the monitor “ Monadnock ” in operations in James River until the evacuation of Richmond , when he cruised to Havana in search of the “ Stonewall . ” In July 1865 , he was transferred to the monitor “ Tonawanda . ” He was commissioned captain , 27 September 1866 , and was at Philadelphia until 1 October 1870 , when he took charge of the ironclads at New Orleans until 8 April 1872 . He commanded the steamer “ Canandaigua , ” of the North Atlantic Squadron , in 1872 - 73 , was promoted to commodore on 12 September 1874 , and was placed on the retired list on 9 November 1874 , by reason of his age .
ARA Spiro ( P - 43 ) ARA " Spiro " ( P - 43 ) is the third ship of the MEKO 140A16 Espora series of six corvettes built for the Argentine Navy . The ship is the second ship to bear the name of the Greek - born Captain Samuel Spiro , who fought during the Argentine War of Independence and blew himself up with his ship rather than surrender to the Spanish forces following the battle of Arroyo de la China , in 1814 . She is homeported at Puerto Belgrano Naval Base and is part of the Navy ' s 2nd Corvette Division with her five sister ships . Construction . " Spiro " and her sister ships were part of the 1974 Naval Constructions National Plan , an initiative by the Argentine Navy to replace old World War II - vintage ships with more advanced warships . The original plan called for six MEKO 360H2 destroyers , four of them to be built in Argentina , but the plan was later modified to include four MEKO destroyers and six corvettes for anti - surface warfare and patrol operations . " Spiro " was constructed at the Río Santiago Shipyard of the Astilleros y Fábricas Navales del Estado ( State Shipyards and Naval Factories ) state corporation . Her keel was laid down on 2 October 1982 , and was launched on 24 June 1983 . The ship was officially delivered to the Navy on 26 November 1987 , and formally commissioned on 9 May 1988 . Service history . On 25 September 1990 , " Spiro " and the destroyer " Almirante Brown " participated as part of a multinational task force in the United Nations - mandated blockade of Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait . She participated in patrol and escort missions as part of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm , returning to Argentina on 30 May 1991 . " Spiro " also participated in several naval exercises and conducted fishery patrol duties in the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone , capturing three illegal fishing ships between 1991 and 1994 . In August 2012 she ran aground on a sandbank as she left Mar del Plata and lost her sonar . This meant that her sister ARA " Espora " had to make an unscheduled deployment to replace " Spiro " on the Atlasur IX exercise off West Africa . Having left port with unresolved problems in her generators , the Espora ended up spending 73 days in South Africa after three generators failed completely and Argentina struggled to find the money to repair them .
Jeffery Hammond Major General Jeffery W . Hammond ( born in Hattiesburg , Mississippi ) is a retired United States Army officer . He is currently the Athletic Director at the University of Southern Mississippi . He had previously served as the commanding general of the 4th Infantry Division and of the Multi - National Division in Assistance war Kabul , Afghanistan . Early life . Hammond attended the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg , receiving Bachelor ' s and Master ' s degrees in special education . He was a quarterback for the USM football team . Brett Favre later went on to break every passing record set by MG Hammond . Military career . Hammond was commissioned as a second lieutenant of field artillery in 1978 . He was assigned to the 3rd Infantry Division in Germany , where he advanced to command of a battery . He returned to the U . S . to take the Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning , Georgia . From 1984 - 87 he returned to the University of Southern Mississippi , where he served as Assistant Professor of Military Science . After that , he spent a year in South Korea in a personnel post . In 1988 he was assigned to the 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart , Georgia . With the 1st Battalion , 41st Field Artillery of that division , Hammond was deployed to Saudi Arabia as part of Operation Desert Shield in 1990 and participated in Operation Desert Storm , the recapture of Kuwait from Iraq in 1991 . In the mid - 1990s Hammond took command of the 4th Battalion , 29th Field Artillery , part of the 1st Armored Division in Germany , leading them during Operation Joint Endeavor in Bosnia - Herzegovina . Staff service in Washington , D . C . and a tour as division artillery commander of the 1st Cavalry Division followed . Hammond was Assistant Division Commander ( Support ) of the 1st Cavalry Division during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 in Iraq . He then served as the Army ' s Director of Operations , Readiness and Mobilization before taking command of the 4th Infantry Division on 19 January 2007 . An extremely demanding commander , MG Hammond was nicknamed " Squad Leader 6 " by Soldiers within the Division , a reference to his strong command presence and his ability to manage at the micro level . He implemented a number of changes brought on by the shortcomings he saw in the Army , including mandatory group running during PT and strong leader standards . Return to Southern Miss . Hammond currently serves as the interim athletic director at The University of Southern Mississippi . General Hammond is also a member and the Faculty Advisor for Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity at The University of Southern Mississippi ( 2011 )
USS Valley Forge ( CG - 50 ) USS " Valley Forge " ( CG - 50 ) was a " Ticonderoga " - class cruiser in the United States Navy . She was named for Valley Forge , where the Continental Army camped during one winter in the American Revolution . The ship was built by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula , Mississippi and was christened on 29 September 1984 by her sponsor Julia Vadala Taft , wife of Deputy Secretary of Defense William H . Taft IV . During the 1986 Rim Pac naval exercise , she acted as the plane guard for the aircraft carrier USS " Ranger . " In March 2003 , " Valley Forge " was assigned to Destroyer Squadron 21 . The ship was decommissioned on 31 August 2004 at San Diego Naval Station , the first ship with the Aegis combat system withdrawn from service . " Valley Forge " was sunk on 2 November 2006 as part of a target practice on a test range near Kauai , Hawaii .
872d Bombardment Squadron The 872d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit . Its last assignment was with 382d Bombardment Group stationed at Camp Anza , California . It was inactivated on 4 January 1946 . History . The squadron was established in late 1943 as the 872d Bombardment Squadron at El Paso Army Air Base , Texas , a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment squadron that was one of the original operational squadrons of the 497th Bombardment Group . The squadron ' s initial cadre was drawn from the 491st Bombardment Group . In December the squadron moved on paper to Clovis Army Air Field , New Mexico . At Clovis , the squadron began to man its air echelon by January 1944 . The 872d drew heavily on aircrew s of the 480th Antisubmarine Group who were returning to the United States from duty in England and Africa to fill out its crews . Aircrew training at Clovis was limited to ground training , although some flying in Boeing B - 17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B - 24 Liberator aircraft assigned to the 73d Bombardment Wing was accomplished . Key personnel trained with the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base , Florida . In April 1944 , the air and ground echelons united at Pratt AAF , although its personnel were detached to other units of the group . In May the United States Army Air Forces reorganized its very heavy bombardment units . Shortly after arrival at Pratt , the 872d Bombardment Squadron and the support units of the 497th group were inactivated and their personnel absorbed into the remaining squadrons of the group . The squadron was reactivated four months later as an element of the 382d Bombardment Group at Dalhart Army Air Field , Texas . Its ground echelon deployed to Tinian by ship in early August 1945 while the air echelon remained at the last training base in Kansas after the Japanese surrender . The ground echelon remained in the Marianas supporting other units ' aircraft and demobilization . The air echelon demobilized with its new B - 29 aircraft remaining in Kansas , where they were assigned to postwar units . The entire unit inactivated by December 1945 . In 2007 the squadron was converted to provisional status as the 872d Air Expeditionary Squadron and assigned to United States Air Forces Europe to activate or inactivate as needed . It was activated in 2007 at Bulboaca , Moldava and in 2009 at Keflavik International Airport , Iceland .
James E . Harrison James Edward Harrison ( April 24 , 1815 - February 23 , 1875 ) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War . He served in the Trans - Mississippi Department and fought in campaigns in Louisiana . Before the war , he was a two - term Mississippi state senator before moving to Texas in 1857 . After the war , he was a trustee of Baylor University . Early life . James Edward Harrison was born on April 24 , 1815 in Greenville District , South Carolina . The Harrison family moved to Alabama and then to Mississippi when Harrison was a boy . He was a brother of Confederate Brigadier General Thomas Harrison . James Harrison served two terms in the Mississippi Senate . Harrison moved to Texas , near Waco , in 1857 . He was a commissioner for the State of Texas in negotiations with Native Americans ( Indians ) . These negotiations were undertaken upon the order of Texas Governor Edward Clark , who replaced the deposed Sam Houston when Houston refused to swear allegiance to the Confederacy . The negotiators tried to persuade the Five Civilized Tribes to join with the Confederacy in the event of war with the United States . The negotiators returned with an optimistic report . Upon his return from the negotiations , Harrison became a member of the Texas secession convention . American Civil War . James E . Harrison ' s Confederate States Army service was almost entirely west of the Mississippi River . He began his service with the 15th Texas Infantry Regiment . He was lieutenant colonel of the regiment in May 1862 . He participated in the Louisiana campaign of 1863 ( First Bayou Teche Campaign ) under Brigadier General Thomas Green . He commanded a cavalry brigade in the District of West Louisiana at this time . The 15th Texas Infantry made a successful charge on the Union force ' s rear in an operation along the Atchafalaya River in September 1863 . Harrison also fought in the Second Bayou Teche Campaign . In 1864 , Harrison was promoted to colonel of the 15th Texas Infantry . He participated in the 1864 ( Red River Campaign ) under Lieutenant General Richard Taylor . He received favorable mention in the reports of the commanders in both Louisiana campaigns . On January 6 , 1865 , Harrison was appointed and confirmed as a brigadier general to rank from December 22 , 1864 by Confederate President Jefferson Davis . James Harrison commanded a brigade in the District of Texas , New Mexico and Arizona of the Confederate Trans - Mississippi Department from March to April 7 , 1865 in Major General Camille A . J . M . de Polignac ' s Division and the 1st Brigade , Brigadier General Samuel B Maxey ' s Division in the same district from April 7 , 1865 through May 26 , 1865 . Aftermath . Harrison was a prominent member of the Waco , Texas community after the Civil War . He was active in education and served as a trustee of Baylor University . James Edward Harrison died February 23 , 1875 in Waco , Texas and is buried in Waco . See also . List of American Civil War generals ( Confederate )
Danish International Brigade The Danish International Brigade ( ) , short DIB ( also sometimes known as the " Danish Reaction Brigade " ) was a Danish military brigade . The political decision to form this brigade was conceived in the Danish Defence agreement 1992 – 1995 . The formal decision to form the Brigade was made by the Folketing on November 25 , 1993 and this date is often regarded as the birth of the Brigade . The Brigade was then formed , as a military unit , on July 1 , 1994 . The background for its existence was changes in NATO ' s structure , in the European security situation and as a direct response to Denmark ’ s involvement in UNPROFOR . The purpose and design of the Brigade was to , in part or as a whole , to rapidly deploy in peacemaking , peacekeeping , humanity or similar missions under NATO , UN , OSCE or national supervision . In its lifespan the Brigade was never deployed as a whole but all subordinated units was deployed more than once . On January 1 , 1996 the Brigade was also assigned to the NATO Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps and fell under the organisational control of 1 ( UK ) Armoured Division when required . The " DIB " headquarters was located at Vordingborg barracks and made regularly exercises with " 1 ( UK ) Armoured Division " . The DIB consisted of 4 , 800 personal , including a combat group of around 2 , 500 personnel in three battalions ; a battalion equipped with Leopard 2A5 DK main battle tanks and an artillery unit with 18 self - propelled 155mm M - 109 A3 howitzer , as well as logistics . In all the Brigade has 51 Leopard 2A5 DK ( Original 50 Leopard 1A5 ) , 180 M113 ( " M113A1 with Add - On - Armour " , " M113A2 DK I " ( PNMK M / 92 ) and " M113 G3 DK " ) and Mowag Piranha armored personnel carrier in various configuations and another ca . 1200 vehicles . 80 % of the brigade consisted of volunteers who agreed to participate in up to two possible six - month international deployments during their four - year reserve commitment ( originally this was only three years ) . In the Danish Defence agreement 2005 – 2009 , the brigade was to be dissolved and the Brigade thereby official ceased to exist on February 15 , 2005 . The Brigade - Staff was merged with the Staff of 1 . Zealand Brigade ( 1 . SBDE ) ( also terminated ) , to form the Staff in the newly erected 2 . Brigade . Origination . 1992 – 2001 2000 – 2005
1955 in the Vietnam War In 1998 after a high level review by the Department of Defense ( DoD ) and through the efforts of Richard B . Fitzgibbon ' s family the start date of when the Americans believe the Vietnam War started was changed to November 1 , 1955 . The November 1955 date was chosen as the new start date because that was when the Military Assistance Advisory Group ( MAAG ) that reorganized from a general Indochina into the different countries that the deployments were stationed . So on November 1 , 1955 a Vietnamese MAAG was created . The Battle for Saigon was a month - long battle between the Vietnamese National Army of the State of Vietnam and the private army of the Binh Xuyen organised crime syndicate . At the time , the Binh Xuyen was licensed with controlling the national police by Emperor Bảo Đại , and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem issued an ultimatum for them to surrender and come under state control . The battle started on April 27 , 1955 and the VNA had largely crushed the Binh Xuyen within a week . Ngo Dinh Diem marches his army to Cao Dai political center in Tây Ninh under the shadow of the Black Virgin Mountain . He forced the Cao Dai pope , Pham Cong Tac , to flee to Cambodia and takes the political power of the Cao Dai sect for himself and absorbs their army into the fledging National Army . June . After Battle for Saigon eliminated the forces of Binh Xuyen . Ngo Dinh Diem turned his sights to Binh Xuyen ' s allies the religious army of Hòa Hảo sect . Five Hòa Hảo battalions surrendered immediately ; four remaining leaders had fled to the Cambodia n border by the end of the month . The soldiers of the three other leaders eventually surrendered , but one Hòa Hảo leader , Ba Cụt ' s men continued fighting till his capture in 1956 , claiming loyalty to the Emperor Bảo Đại . The State of Vietnam referendum of 1955 determined the future form of government of the State of Vietnam , the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam ( widely known as South Vietnam ) . It was contested by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm , who proposed a republic , and former emperor Bảo Đại . Bảo Đại had abdicated as emperor in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of head of state . Diệm won the election , which was widely marred by electoral fraud , with 98 . 2 % of the vote . In the capital Saigon , Diệm was credited with over 600 , 000 votes , even though only 450 , 000 people were on the electoral roll . He accumulated tallies in excess of 90 % of the registered voters , even in rural regions where opposition groups prevented voting . The American Military Assistance Advisory Group ( MAAG ) that reorganized from a general Indochina into the different countries that the deployments were stationed .
United States Marine Corps Light Armored Reconnaissance The United States Marine Corps Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalions , or LAR Battalions , are fast and mobilized armored terrestrial reconnaissance units that conduct reconnaissance - in - force ( RIF ) ahead of the battalion landing teams or division infantry forces . They mainly provide the Marine Air - Ground Task Force and the Marine Expeditionary Unit commanders vital intelligence of the enemy . They perform their methods as special mechanized , infantry - based reconnaissance units as they are equipped with LAV - 25 s to quickly penetrate enemy lines and locate and / or harass any enemy forces to determine their size , strengths , location , and any other pertinent information requested of the Marine commanders . History . The LAR Battalions were formed from the remnants of the Scout ( Tank ) companies in Marine tank battalions that existed during World War II . The early tank scouts would reconnoiter ahead of enemy forces and conduct reconnaissance - in - force while riding on top of the tanks . They became reliable as they were able to be projected into enemy territory , harass the enemy , and withdraw back to friendly lines , reporting their newfound intelligence . By the time World War II ended , the scout companies formed into scout and snipers platoons and Division Reconnaissance companies . In the early 1980s , the Light Armored Battalions were created to fill in the necessary assets to the infantry regiments . Prior to the formation of LAR Battalions assigned to the Fleet Marine Force ( FMF ) , there was one combat - ready LAV - 25 equipped unit within the Marine Corps . In 1983 , the First Light Armored Vehicle Battalion ( 1stLAVB ) , was created at Marine Corps Air and Ground Combat Center ( MCAGCC ) Twentynine Palms , California . LAR Battalions are tasked with screening for RCTs or BLTs and are not to get decisively engaged . However during OIF many elements of LAR Battalions were the lead element in the push to Baghdad . .
Fort Benghisa Fort Benghisa is a fortification on the island of Malta . It stands on high ground on the seaward face of Benghisa point , the southern arm of Marsaxlokk Bay . It is a Polygonal fort and was built by the British . The fort was the last polygonal fort built in Malta , built in 1909 . The gatehouse , and the shoreward ditch are in fair repair . Fort Benghisa is one of a ring of forts and batteries that protected Marsaxlokk harbour , along with Fort Delimara and Fort Tas - Silg on Delimara point the north arm of Marsaxlokk Bay , Fort St Lucian on Kbira point in the middle of Marsaxlokk bay , and the Pinto and Ferreti batteries on the shores of Marsaxlokk Bay . The fort is in private hands and the interior of the fort is inaccessible .