naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Yugoslav destroyer Beograd The Yugoslav destroyer " Beograd was a destroyer built for the Royal Yugoslav Navy in 1937 . During the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , she was captured by the Royal Italian Navy ( ) and completed over 100 convoy escort missions in the Mediterranean under the name Sebenico . Following the Italian capitulation in September 1943 , she was captured by the German Navy ( ) and redesignated TA43 " . She was sunk or scuttled at Trieste on 30 April or 1 May 1945 . She was raised in June 1946 , probably to remove her as a navigation hazard , only to be scuttled in either July 1946 or in 1947 . Description and construction . The " Beograd " - class were developed from the French " Simoun " - class destroyers , and the first of the class , " Beograd " , was built by Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire at Nantes , France . The ship had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . According to Roger Chesneau , her standard displacement was and she displaced fully loaded , but Maurizio Brescia lists her full load displacement at . The crew consisted of 145 officers and enlisted men . The ship was powered by Parsons ( " Beograd " Curtis ) steam turbines driving two propellors , using steam generated by three Yarrow water - tube boilers . According to Lenton , the turbines were rated at and she was designed to reach a top speed of , but Chesneau lists her power rating at and a design speed of . She carried of fuel oil to give her a range of . " Beograd " was originally armed with four single mount guns , four double mount anti - aircraft gun s , two machine gun s and two triple mount torpedo tubes . As built , she could also carry 30 naval mine s . She was launched on 23 December 1937 . Career . In April 1941 , Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers , and on 17 April " Beograd " was captured by the Royal Italian Navy ( ) . She was refitted and repaired , and / 65 Breda Model 35 guns were added to her armament . She was commissioned under the name " Sebenico " in August 1941 , and served as a convoy escort on routes between Italy and the Aegean and North Africa , completing more than 100 missions over a two year period . When the Italians capitulated in September 1943 , the German Navy ( ) seized " Sebenico " in the port of Venice and renamed her " TA43 " ( " 43 " ) . While in German service her anti - aircraft armament was improved using space provided by removing one of the triple torpedo mounts . She subsequently carried seven guns in one double and five single mounts , as well as two single mount guns . Sources differ on her final fate . According to Roger Chesneau , she was sunk at Trieste by Yugoslav Army artillery fire on 30 April 1945 , was raised in June 1946 , probably to remove her as a navigation hazard , only to be scuttled a month later . Maurizio Brescia states she was scuttled by the Germans at Trieste on 1 May 1945 and was broken up in 1947 .
HMS Norfolk ( 1693 ) HMS " Norfolk " was an 80 - gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy . She was built at Southampton and launched on 28 March 1693 , and was the first ship to bear the name . She was rebuilt at Plymouth according to the 1719 Establishment , and was re - launched on 21 September 1728 . Instead of carrying her armament on two decks as she had done originally , she now carried them on three gundecks , though she continued to be rated a third rate . She gained her first battle honour at Vélez - Málaga in 1704 . The ship conducted a number of important duties throughout her long career . She was then employed in the role of Plymouth guardship , before being attached to the Mediterranean Fleet and then , subsequently , to the West Indies , as reinforcement for that region , as well as performing as flagship of Rear - Admiral Sir John Balchen . The " Norfolk " was rebuilt at Plymouth Dockyard from 1718 to 1728 to the dimensions of the 1719 Establishment . She was not fitted out until 1731 , when she was recommissioned under Captain John Roberta . Her final action was near France in 1744 . " Norfolk " was renamed " Princess Amelia " in 1755 , two years after the previous " Princess Amelia " had been broken up . She herself was broken up in 1757 .
Farringdon ' s Battery Farringdon ' s Battery ( previously Willis ' Battery ) is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar . Named after Sir Anthony Farrington , 1st Baronet , it is located above the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve . History . The site of Willis ' Hill on which Farringdon ' s Battery was built came to notice during the Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar in 1727 when the Spanish besiegers attempted to mine under the British positions on the Rock in an attempt to blow them up . Their plan was unsuccessful as the Rock proved too difficult to mine with the technology available at the time and the siege ended before completing their plan , although the journal of that siege said the mine had been loaded . This battery is first known to have been used during the Great Siege of Gibraltar which ran from 1779 - 83 . The battery was named after Sir Anthony Farrington in 1790 . Farrington was then a lieutenant - colonel in charge of the artillery on the Rock . Farrington only briefly held this position but he had also been in Gibraltar from 1759 to 1763 before he had left to fight in the American War of Independence . The battery ' s name seems to have been corrupted to be spelt with a " d " early on as John Drinkwater Bethune spells it this way in his " A history of the late siege of Gibraltar " in 1786 . By 1859 there were seven guns at this battery and in 1878 the battery was modified to take two 9 inch rifled muzzle - loading guns ( RMLs ) . These guns were replaced by 10 inch RML guns in 1898 and remained in situ until 1906 . It is likely that the 10 inch gun at Parson ' s Lodge Battery near Rosia Bay ( which had been found lying in Princess Lines ) was originally from Farringdon ' s Battery as this is the only recorded historic position of this type of gun in the area . Modifications were made to the battery during the World War II and a fixed beam searchlight was installed in its right casemate to illuminate a fixed area on the rock face . Various concrete additions are thought to have also been constructed during this period . Today . Today the battery is still in good order and is listed with the Gibraltar Heritage Trust .
Häme Regiment Häme Regiment ( ) , ( ) is a unit of the Finnish Army located in Lahti . The regiment ' s main duty is to train conscripts and the personnel of the Finnish Defence Forces and the Finnish Frontier Guard . History . The original predecessor of Häme Regiment was founded in 1626 by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden . Mission . The Regiment is an administrative unit without significant combat capability . Technically , it is considered to be a cavalry unit , but it does not have light armored unit role of modern - day Western cavalry units . Instead , the regiment is specialized as a logistics training center which trains the bulk of the logistics personnel of Finnish Defence Forces . The Häme Cavalry Battalion is the only unit of the Regiment accepting usual , non - volunteer conscripts . Twice a year , the Battalion inducts some 260 conscripts , who are subsequently trained as military drivers , logistics technicians , cooks or military policemen . The Headquarters Troop also trains almost all medics of the Finnish Defence Forces on its three - week combat medic course . The NCO school of the unit , on the other hand , receives conscript NCO students from all units of the FDF and the Finnish Border Guard for special training as logistics NCOs . The NCO students are trained to fulfil NCO duties as medic NCOs , motor vehicle NCO , supply NCOs , weapons smith NCOs or hygienics NCOs . Häme Cavalry Battalion . The Häme Cavalry Battalion is the main military unit of the Häme Regiment . It provides infantry training for the conscripts . Military Music School . The Military Music School is open to eligible volunteers . Military Music School accepts yearly some 80 applicants adept at playing a musical instrument , on the basis of national entrance exam . The service term is 9 or 12 months . Most of this time is spent in the Finnish Defence Forces Conscript Band . However , part of the conscripts receive NCO training in addition to their musical duties . In addition to conscript training , the Military Music School trains career musicians of the FDF . Sports School . The conscript training in Sports School is open to eligible volunteers . For service in Sports School , the conscript must be at least a semi - professional sportsman of national level . The conscripts of the unit are always trained for reconnaissance duties , interfering as little as possible with the sportsman ' s career . The typical service term is 12 months , most conscripts receiving at least NCO training . In addition to the conscript training , the Sports School educates the career reconnaissance officers and NCOs and FDF physical education personnel . Logistics Training Center . The Logistics Training Center is a purely professional unit , centering on training FDF and Border Guard logistics personnel . In addition to its training mission , the Center pursues research and development initiatives of the FDF logistics branch . The personnel of the Center participate actively in the specialist conscript training of the Häme Cavalry Battalion .
Acoustic torpedo An acoustic torpedo is a torpedo that aims itself by listening for characteristic sounds of its target or by searching for it using sonar . Acoustic torpedoes are usually designed for medium - range use , and often fired from a submarine . The first passive acoustic torpedo was the G7es T - 5 " Zaunkönig " torpedo deployed in late World War II by the German U - Boat fleet . This weapon was developed to attack escort vessels and merchant ships in convoys . In July 1944 , Russian commando frogmen discovered T - 5 torpedoes aboard a sunken German submarine , " U - 250 " . Torpedoes were safely delivered to surface ships . Key components of the G7es T - 5 " Zaunkönig " torpedo were later ordered by Joseph Stalin to be given to British naval specialists . However , after a protracted journey to Kronstadt the two Royal Navy officers were not allowed access to the submarine and returned home empty handed . The capture of U - 505 marked the second time that allied forces gained access to this technology . The T - 5 was countered by the introduction by the Allies of the Foxer noise maker . Since its introduction , the acoustic torpedo has proven to be an effective weapon against surface ships as well as serving as an anti - submarine weapon . Today , " acoustic torpedoes " are mostly used against submarines . Before a torpedo is launched , the target must be ' boxed in ' . A fire control system on the firing platform will set an initial search depth range which is passed to the weapon ' s microprocessor . The search parameters cover the expected depth of the target . Acoustic homing torpedoes are equipped with a pattern of acoustic transducers on the nose of the weapon . By a process of phase delaying the signals from these transducers a series of " acoustic beams " ( i . e . a variation of acoustic signal sensitivity dependent on the incident angle of the noise energy ) . In early homing torpedoes the " beam patterns " were fixed whereas in more modern weapons the patterns were modifiable under on - board computer control . These sensor systems are capable of either detecting sound originating from the target itself i . e . engine and machinery noise , propellor cavitation , etc . , known as passive sonar or responding to noise energy reflections as a result of " illuminating " the target with sonar pulses , known as active sonar . Acoustic torpedoes can be compared to modern fire - and - forget guided missiles . What this means is the enemy ( most likely a submarine ) will be detected by sonar in any direction it goes . The torpedo will start with passive sonar , simply trying to detect the submarine . Once the torpedo ' s passive sonar has detected something , it will switch over to an active sonar and will begin to track the target . At this point , the submarine has probably started evasive maneuvers and may have even deployed a noisemaker . The torpedo ' s logic circuitry , if not fooled by the noise maker , will home in on the noise signature of the target submarine . Military examples . United States :
Battle of Fimreite The Battle of Fimreite ( Norwegian : " Slaget ved Fimreite " ) was a naval battle fought on 15 June 1184 between King Magnus Erlingsson and the Birkebeiner pretender Sverre Sigurdsson . Sverre eventually defeated and killed Magnus in the battle , and successfully usurped the Norwegian throne . The battle . The forces of Sverre attacked the fleet of King Magnus . The battle took place off the coast near the hamlet of Fimreite in the long and narrow Sognefjord in today ' s Sogndal municipality , Sogn og Fjordane county . Magnus had several large ships , but none as huge as the " Mariasuda " , which Sverre had built . Because of its great size , the seaworthiness of the " Mariasuda " was rather poor and it would only be useful within the narrow fjords . The ships in the fleet of King Magnus were lashed together , creating the appearance of one big fleet . While the " Mariasuda " held up half of the enemy fleet , the rest attacked the outlying enemy ships . Sverre Sigurdsson sent his ships into battle in squadrons , to charge and overwhelm on one ship at a time , forcing the Magnus ' men to jump over to the next . As the battle proceeded , the remaining ships became extremely crammed , and then started to go down because of the weight . King Magnus V was reported to have gone down on one of the last of them . After Magnus ' death , Sverre became the sole sovereign of Norway . However , the civil war era in Norway would not end with this victory . After the death of Magnus , Sigurd Magnusson , Inge Magnusson and Erling Steinvegg came forth all stating to be sons of Magnus and claiming the Norwegian throne .
USS Fly ( 1776 ) USS " Fly " was an eight - gun sloop of war built into the Continental Navy . She was part of a squadron that raided the port of Nassau and engaged the 20 - gun HMS " Glasgow " . " Fly " , one of the eight former merchant ships fitted out by the Naval Committee between November 1775 and January 1776 , was purchased in Baltimore , Maryland under Congressional authorization of a small tender or despatch vessel for the fleet . A schooner , often referred to as a sloop , she was first commanded by Lieutenant Hoystead Hacker . Early in 1776 , " Fly " joined the squadron of Commodore Esek Hopkins off Reedy Island at the head of Delaware Bay , and on 17 February sailed with this force for its historic cruise to New Providence , America ' s first amphibious operation . Two nights out , " Fly " fouled the sloop USS " Hornet " , who was forced to return to port . " Fly " , however , was able to rejoin the squadron off New Providence 11 March , finding that the operation had been a great success , and that a large quantity of military stores sorely needed by the Continental Army had been taken . Heavily laden with the valuable supplies , the fleet departed New Providence 17 March , and on 4 April arrived off Long Island where it took two small British ships of war and two merchantmen . Two days later the squadron engaged the British sloop - of - war HMS " Glasgow " , damaging her so badly that she fled into Newport Rhode Island , leaving her tender to be captured . On 8 April the fleet arrived at New London , Connecticut to land the captured military stores . " Fly " patrolled off New London to learn the strength of the British Fleet until June , when she was detached to carry cannon from Newport to Amboy , New Jersey , where she was blockaded briefly by the British . Later in 1776 , she cruised the New Jersey coast to intercept enemy ships bound for New York City . In an encounter with one of these in November , a number of " Fly " ' s men were wounded , and she was damaged to the extent that she had to put in at Philadelphia to repair and refit . Ready for active service early in 1777 , " Fly " convoyed merchantmen to sea , carried dispatches , and protected American ships in Cape May Channel . During the later part of the year , she was one of the Continental ships working with the Pennsylvania Navy to defend the Delaware River . In November when the British Fleet and powerful shore batteries forced the evacuation of Fort Mifflin and Fort Mercer , giving the British control of the river , " Fly " and the other Continental ships were burned to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy .
Alexander Tukhachevsky Alexander Tukhachevsky ( ; 1793 - 1831 ) was a Russia n military officer and a Colonel of Imperial Russian Army . A commanding officer of the ( 14th ) Olonets Infantry Regiment , he took part in the Polish - Russian War of 1830 and was killed in the battle of Warsaw ( 1831 ) . Ironically , his great - grandson Mikhail Tukhachevsky was defeated at the gates of Warsaw almost a century later .
Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev ( ) ( August 22 , 1989 ) was a Soviet aeronautical engineer . He designed the Yakovlev military aircraft and founded the Yakovlev Design Bureau . Yakovlev was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union since 1938 . Biography . Yakovlev was born in Moscow , where his father was an employee of the Nobel Brothers oil company . From 1919 - 1921 he worked as a part time courier while still in school , and in 1922 he built his first model airplane as part of a school project . In 1924 , he built a glider , the AVF - 10 , which made its first flight on September 24 , 1924 . The design won an award , and secured him a position as a worker at the Zhukovsky Air Force Military Engineering Academy . However , his repeated attempts to gain admission to the Academy were denied due to his “ lack of proletariat origins ” . In 1927 , Yakovlev designed the AIR - 1 ultralight aircraft . This was the first of a series of ten aircraft he designed between 1927 - 1933 . In 1927 , Yakovlev finally gained admittance to the Academy , and graduated in 1931 . He was then assigned to the Moscow Aviation Plant № 39 , where his first design bureau of lightweight aviation was established in 1932 . He became the main designer in 1935 , then the chief designer ( 1956 – 1984 ) of aircraft for the Yakovlev Design Bureau . The Yakovlev Design Bureau developed large numbers of fighter aircraft used by the Soviet Air Force during World War II . Particularly well known are the Yak - 1 , Yak - 3 and Yak - 9 as well as the Yak - 6 transport . In 1945 Yakovlev designed one of the first Soviet aircraft with a jet engine , the Yak - 15 . He also designed the first Soviet all - weather interceptor , the Yak - 25P , and the first Soviet supersonic bomber , the Yak - 28 . In the post - war period , Yakovlev was best known for the civilian airliner , the Yak - 42 , a three - engine medium - range aircraft , and numerous models for aerobatics . Yakovlev served under Joseph Stalin as a Vice - Minister of Aviation Industry between 1940 – 1946 . Before the start of World War II , he made a number of trips aboard , including Italy , England and Germany , to study aircraft development in those countries . After the start of the war , he helped supervise the evacuation of aircraft factories to the east , and the organization of production , while continuing as head designer of his Bureau . He was also a correspondent - member of the USSR Academy of Science in 1943 . In 1946 he was awarded the title " General - Colonel of Aviation " . In 1976 Yakovlev became academician of the USSR Academy of Science . He was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ( 1946 – 1989 ) . Yakovlev retired August 21 , 1984 . He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow .
Liu Liankun Liu Liankun ( ) ( 1933 - Aug 15 , 1999 ) , was a Major General ( Shao Jiang ) in the People ' s Liberation Army who provided the Republic of China in Taiwan with secret intelligence about the status of missiles from the People ' s Republic of China . During the 1996 missile crisis , the Republic of China ' s Defense Ministry notified the public that the missiles lobbed by the People ' s Republic of China actually carried unarmed warheads . This tipped off Beijing that Taipei had a high - level mole working on the mainland . Liu , a top Chinese military logistics officer , was arrested , court - martial ed and executed in 1999 .
3rd Ohio Battery 3rd Ohio Independent Battery was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 3rd Ohio Battery was organized in Canton , Minerva , and Massillon , Ohio November 9 , 1861 through March 15 , 1862 and mustered in for three years service under Captain William S . Williams . The battery was attached to 6th Division , Army of the Tennessee , to July 1862 . Artillery , 6th Division , District of Corinth , Mississippi , to November 1862 . 3rd Division , Left Wing , XIII Corps , Department of the Tennessee , to December 1862 . Artillery , 3rd Division , XVII Corps , Army of the Tennessee , to November 1864 . Artillery Reserve , Nashville , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to March 1865 . Garrison Fort Donelson , Tennessee , 5th Sub - District , District of Middle Tennessee , to July 1865 . The 3rd Ohio Battery mustered out of service August 1 , 1865 at Columbus , Ohio . Detailed service . Ordered to Pittsburg Landing . Tenn . , March 15 , 1862 . Battle of Shiloh , April 6 – 7 , 1862 . Advance on and siege of Corinth , Miss . , April 29 - May 30 . Duty at Corinth until November . Battle of Corinth October 3 – 4 . Grant ' s Central Mississippi Campaign November 1862 to January 1863 . Reconnaissance to LaGrange November 8 – 9 . Moved to Memphis , Tenn . , January 1863 , and duty there until February 21 . Moved to Lake Providence , La . , February 21 , thence to Milliken ' s Bend , La . Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25 – 30 . Battle of Port Gibson May 1 ( reserve ) . Forty Hills , Hankinson ' s Ferry , May 3 – 4 . Battle of Raymond May 12 . Jackson May 14 . Champion Hill May 16 . Siege of Vicksburg May 18 - July 4 . Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22 . Surrender of Vicksburg July 4 . Duty at Vicksburg until February 1864 . Expedition to Canton and Brownsville October 14 – 20 , 1863 . Bogue Chitto Creek October 17 . Meridian Campaign February 3 - March 2 , 1864 . Clinton , Miss . , March 26 . At Vicksburg until April 4 . March to Huntsville , Ala . , thence to Ackworth , Ga , April 4 - June 8 . Atlanta Campaign June 8 - September 8 . Operations about Marietta and against Kennesaw Mountain June 10 - July 2 . Bushy Mountain June 15 – 17 . Assault on Kennesaw June 27 . Nickajack Creek July 2 – 5 . Chattahoochie River July 5 – 17 . Howell ' s Ferry July 5 . Leggett ' s or Bald Hill July 20 – 21 . Battle of Atlanta July 22 . Siege of Atlanta July 22 - August 25 . Flank movement on Jonesboro August 25 – 30 . Battle of Jonesboro August 31 - September 1 . Lovejoy ' s Station September 2 – 6 . Operations in northern Georgia and northern Alabama against Hood September 29 - November 3 . Ordered to Nashville , Tenn . , and duty there and at Fort Donelson , Tenn . , and vicinity as mounted infantry until June 1865 . Ordered to Camp Taylor , Ohio , for muster out . Casualties . The battery lost a total of 58 men during service ; 1 enlisted man killed , 57 enlisted men died of disease .