naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Desert Camouflage Uniform The Desert Camouflage Uniform ( DCU ) is an arid camouflage uniform used by the United States Armed Forces . It is nearly identical to the U . S . military ' s Battle Dress Uniform ( BDU ) uniform , albeit featuring the three - color desert camouflage pattern of dark brown , mint green , and beige , as opposed to the pale green , dark / light brown , beige , and black and white rock spots of the Desert Battle Dress Uniform ( DBDU ) . Background . First issued in 1989 , the DCU and its camouflage scheme , officially known as the Desert Camouflage Pattern , and also known as " coffee stain camouflage " , was developed to replace the six - color desert camouflage " chocolate - chip camouflage " uniform , which was deemed unsuitable for most desert combat theaters . As opposed to the original six color DBDU , which was meant for a rockier and elevated desert battlefield that was often not encountered and replaced the former DBDU , the DCU was meant primarily for a lower , more open , and less rocky desert battlefield space which became a common sight throughout the Persian Gulf War . History . U . S . Army . The DCU and the BDU was discontinued with the U . S . Army in 2005 , being replaced by the Army Combat Uniform ( ACU ) . U . S . Marine Corps . The U . S . Marine Corps had replaced the BDU and DCU in 2003 with the Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform ( MCCUU ) . U . S . Air Force . The U . S . Air Force officially replaced the BDU and DCU on November 1 , 2011 with the Airman Battle Uniform ( ABU ) . U . S . Navy . The DCU and BDU has been replaced to some extent in the U . S . Navy , supplanted by navy blue , woodland , and arid versions of the Navy Working Uniform ( NWU ) . The U . S . Navy has authorized a replacement uniform of its own for the U . S . Navy SEALs while maintaining it for other NECC ground units . U . S . Coast Guard . The DCU is also used by members of the U . S . Coast Guard when deployed to Southwest Asia . < br >
Second Allied Tactical Air Force Second Allied Tactical Air Force ( 2 ATAF ) was a NATO military formation under Allied Air Forces Central Europe tasked with providing air support to NATO ' s Northern Army Group ( NORTHAG ) . 2ATAF commanded all flying units based within its sector and all reinforcements flying into its sector , as well as ground based radar systems and stations , air defense units and the airfields in its sector . Second Allied Tactical Air Force was formed in 1958 with its area of responsibility covering the Netherlands , Belgium , and Germany north of the city of Kassel and south of the Elbe river . Commander of Second Allied Tactical Air Force was the commanding Air Chief Marshal of the British RAF Second Tactical Air Force , which was renamed RAF Germany on 1 January 1959 . The peacetime headquarters of 2 ATAF were at RAF Rheindahlen , the command center in the case of war for 2ATAF and NORTHAG was in the Netherlands at Joint Operations Center Maastricht ( JOC Maastricht ) . In 1983 NATO began with the construction of Static War Headquarters Castlegate in Linnich , Germany , as a replacement for JOC Maastricht . , Alternate War HQ was located at Kanne ( Belgium ) north of Fort Eben - Emael . Second Allied Tactical Air Force commanded the British Royal Air Force Germany , the Belgian Air Force , the Royal Netherlands Air Force , two divisions of the German Air Force ( " Luftwaffe " ) and one US Air Force Tactical Fighter Group , as well as extensive air defense and radar installations provided by Germany , Belgium and the Netherlands . If needed 2 ATAF would have been reinforced with units from the US Third ( UK based ) , Eighth ( reconnaissance and bombing ) , Ninth ( immediate reinforcements ) and Twelfth Air Force ( follow on reinforcements ) , and with French Air Force and Royal Air Force units . At the start of hostilities 2 ATAF would have had immediately around 700 combat planes at its disposal . The following units would have come under 2 ATAF in wartime : 2 ATAF was disbanded on 30 June 1993 , its duties were taken over by Allied Air Forces Central Europe . War Time Structure c . 1989 . note 1 : Nuclear sharing unit capable of delivering tactical nuclear weapon s .
Battle of Nipe Bay The Battle of Nipe Bay on July 21 , 1898 was an engagement of the Spanish - American War . The battle was fought in Nipe Bay , Cuba , by four United States Navy warships against the Spanish sloop - of - war " Jorge Juan " and three gunboat s which were supported by forts guarding the harbor . Battle . Nipe Bay had been designated as a rendezvous point for American naval forces delegated to attack Puerto Rico . Upon finding the harbor still occupied by Spanish forces , the American squadron , consisted of the gunboats USS " Annapolis " ans USS " Topeka " , the armed tug USS " Leyden " and the armed yacht USS " Wasp " . The squadron maneuvered through a minefield to engage the Spanish forces . " Jorge Juan " opened fire upon " Wasp " and " Leyden " but was quickly sunk by the two with the help from " Annapolis " . While the other three ships were engaging " Jorge Juan " , " Topeka " silenced the harbor forts and fired on other Spanish works in the harbor . Aftermath . Seeing the hopelessness of the situation , the Spanish sailed the small gunboat " Baracoa " upriver and scuttled it to prevent its capture by the superior American force . Just as the fighting came to an end , the American crew boarded " Jorge Juan " ' s sinking hulk , stripping several items from it as trophies . One such trophy was the " Jorge Juan ' s " battle - flag , which was taken by one of the sailors from the " Annapolis " and now lies in the United States Navy Trophy Flag Collection . The Americans suffered little or no casualties and a few days after the battle the small squadron received orders to depart . It was later decided that the bay was not necessary for operations against Puerto Rico , but the battle did cause significant damage to the Spanish Navy and denied the Spanish the use of the port for the remainder of the war .
74th Regiment of ( Highland ) Foot The 74th Regiment of ( Highland ) Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment raised to fight in the American Revolution . In December 1777 , John Campbell of Barbreck received letters of service from King George III to raise a regiment of infantry in the county of Argyll for service in the regular army . Campbell had held a commission in the old 78th , or Fraser ' s Highlanders during the French and Indian War . Most regimental officers were commissioned in 1777 , but the first muster of the regiment was not held until April 1778 . It was inspected at Glasgow in May 1778 and sailed for Halifax , Nova Scotia , in August 1778 . Service history . The regiment ' s flank companies ( the grenadier and light infantry companies ) joined the main British army in New York in the spring of 1779 , while the remainder of the regiment moved to Bagaduce in Massachusetts ( now the town of Castine , Maine ) to establish the colony New Ireland . The regiment , together with a detachment of the 82nd Regiment of Foot , began construction of a post to be called Fort George , which they held through July and early August against attacks by an American expeditionary force from Massachusetts under Commodore Dudley Saltonstall and General Solomon Lovell . On 13 August , a relief force of British ships arrived from New York under the command of Commodore Sir George Collier , and the Americans gave up their siege and withdrew . The regiment remained at Fort George until January 1784 , when the fort was evacuated and the troops returned to Halifax . There they were reunited with the regiment ' s flank companies ; these had served with General Sir Henry Clinton in South Carolina in 1779 and 1780 . The Light Company had also served in Virginia in 1781 , ending as part of Lord Cornwallis ' army that had surrendered at Yorktown in October 1781 and remaining as prisoners until the end of the war in 1783 , when they had returned to New York . The regiment , now complete , returned to Great Britain in 1784 , landing at Portsmouth and marching from there to Stirling , where it was disbanded on 24 May 1784 . A set of bagpipes , believed to have been played at the mustering of the regiment in 1778 by one Piper MacCorquodale are in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland .
USS Mindanao ( ARG - 3 ) USS " Mindanao " ( ARG - 3 ) was a " Luzon " - class internal combustion engine repair ship that saw service in the United States Navy during World War II . Named for the Island of Mindanao , second largest and southernmost island in the Philippines , it was the second U . S . Naval vessel to bear the name . Commission . Originally built as the Liberty ship SS " Elbert Hubbard " ( MCE - 983 ) under Maritime Commission contract by Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard , Inc . of Baltimore , Maryland ; launched 13 May 1943 ; sponsored by Mrs . C . R . Spalding ; acquired by the Navy on 20 May 1943 ; and commissioned as USS " Mindanao " ( ARG - 3 ) on 6 November 1943 with Commander G . B . Evans in command . After shakedown in Chesapeake Bay , " Mindanao " joined Task Group 29 . 7 ( TG 29 . 7 ) on 20 December 1943 , and sailed for Cuba , the Panama Canal , and Nouméa in New Caledonia , arriving 27 January 1944 to report for duty with Service Squadron South Pacific . The internal combustion engine repair ship immediately found herself with more than enough work . On 25 February she sailed to continue her vital task at Espiritu Santo , and in September she arrived at Manus to serve the forces staging for the Philippine campaign . Explosion . Now with TG 30 . 9 , she was anchored in Seeadler Harbor on the morning of 10 November , when at about 08 : 50 the ammunition ship USS " Mount Hood " ( AE - 11 ) blew up . " Mindanao " , away , suffered extensive damage particularly to her superstructure , and aft . Of her crew , 180 were killed or wounded . The survivors , with Seabee s from shore , immediately began to aid the wounded and clear the debris , a job which took seven days . Repairs began on the 18th , performed by her own crew with aid again from Seabees , as well as men and equipment from USS " Medusa " . By 21 December , " Mindanao " was ready to resume her key function in repairing engines for other ships . After a brief voyage to the Solomon Islands in February and March 1945 , " Mindanao " arrived at Ulithi 27 March to prepare ships for the Okinawa campaign . There she served until 9 October , when she sailed for periods of duty at Okinawa and Shanghai . Post - war and fate . Her duty supporting the occupation forces complete , " Mindanao " got underway for home 26 March 1946 . She called at San Pedro , California ; Balboa and Colón in the Panama Canal Zone ; New Orleans , Louisiana ; and Galveston , Texas , before arriving Orange , Texas on 12 July . She decommissioned there 17 May 1947 to join the Reserve Fleet , and remained at Orange even after being struck from the Naval Vessel Register and transferred to the Maritime Commission in 1961 . In September , 1962 she joined the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Beaumont , Texas where she remained into 1969 . In 1980 , the ex - " Mindanao " was scuttled to form an artificial reef off Daytona Beach , Florida , in deep water at , northeast of Ponce de León Inlet .
HMS E19 HMS " E19 " was an E - class submarine of the Royal Navy , commissioned in 1914 at Vickers , Barrow - in - Furness . During World War I she was part of the British submarine flotilla in the Baltic . Under the command of Lieutenant Commander Francis Cromie , " E19 " was able to sink several German ships , most notably on the 11 October 1915 when she sank 4 German transport ships , just south of Öland , within a few hours and without any casualties . On 7 November 1915 " E19 " sank the German light cruiser SMS " Undine " . " E19 " was scuttled by her crew outside Helsinki 1 . 5 nm south of Harmaja Light , Gulf of Finland , along with " E1 " , " E8 " , " E9 " , " C26 " , " C27 " , and " C35 " to avoid seizure by advancing German forces who had landed nearby . Trivia . A beer , " Slottskällans Vrak " , has been brewed using yeast recovered from beer bottles found on the wreck of SS " Nicomedia " , a ship sunk by " E19 " off Öland .
William Lee Davidson William Lee Davidson ( 1746 – 1781 ) was a North Carolina militia general during the American Revolutionary War . Origins and education . William Lee Davidson was born in 1746 in Lancaster County , Pennsylvania . His father moved with his family to Rowan County , North Carolina , in 1750 , and William , the youngest son , was educated at Queen ' s Museum ( later Liberty Hall ) in Charlotte . Military campaigns . Active in the war from its inception as adjutant to General Griffith Rutherford during the Snow Campaign in December 1775 , he was promoted to major of the Fourth Regiment of the North Carolina line in 1776 . He marched with the North Carolina line to the north and was at the Battle of Germantown , after which he was promoted to Lt . Colonel of the Fifth Regiment of the North Carolina line . At Valley Forge with Washington , “ Light Horse Harry ” Lee , Daniel Morgan and others , he became friends with most of the influential military commanders in the Continental Line . Left without a command he had been ordered out for the purpose of preventing the British from crossing the Catawba . Griffith Rutherford appointed Davidson his second in command . Severely wounded at the Battle of Colson ' s Mill on July 21 , 1780 , he did not participate in the Battle of Camden at which Rutherford was captured . Davidson was promoted to brigadier general and given command of Rutherford ' s Salisbury District militia . He participated in resisting the entry of Lord Cornwallis into Charlotte in late September 1780 . Davidson was killed at the Battle of Cowan ' s Ford in Mecklenburg County , North Carolina on February 1 , 1781 while opposing the re - entry of Cornwallis into North Carolina . General Davidson was trying to rally his men as the lead British and German elements arrived on the near bank . He was killed within minutes as the engagement unfolded . Davidson ' s body was recovered by fellow officers later that evening after the battle ; and was buried at Hopewell Presbyterian Church located on Beatties Ford Road North of Charlotte . Congress voted $ 500 for a monument to him , but it has never been erected .
Munuza Uthman ibn Naissa , better known as Munuza , is a Moorish ( Berber ) historic character depicted in different contradictory chronicles during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania . Munuza in Asturias . On the one side , he was the governor of Gijón ( or possibly León ) after Musa ibn Nusayr raided northwestern Iberia ( including the region of Asturias but not Cantabria in modern Spain ) on the first decade of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century . He was subject to the Wāli of Al - Andalus , Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al - Kalbi . According to late 9th century Asturian chronicles , he was defeated after the Battle of Covadonga and killed by Pelayo of Asturias at the beginning of the Reconquista . Tradition ( late Asturian chronicles ) has it that he fell in love with Pelayo ' s sister , Ormesinda , and that , together with Kazim , kidnapped and married her . The chronicle of Alfonso III speaks of a " compulsory marriage " , the failure of which compelled Pelayo into rebellion . The historical context can only be speculated , but Pelayo may have tried to secure alliances and a preferential status among the local nobles through the marriage of his sister to the new power in the area , as the Asturian kings would later do with Basques in Pamplona and all of the Christian families did with the Caliphate in Córdoba . It may also have served as a counterweight to Peter of Cantabria and represented nominal submission . After the loss of a Muslim garrison out on a punitive expedition , Munuza may have taken undisputed control of the Asturian coastal region , but kept court in the western districts closer to dominated and occupied Galicia . Having been defeated in his bid to secure the region of León , he may have fled from Gijón , but Christian chronicles reported he was killed with all his soldiers in Trubia or La Felguera . Munuza in Cerdanya . On the other hand , contemporary chronicles talks of a Berber Uthman ibn Naissa or Munuza in charge of operations in the Umayyad - occupied eastern Pyrenees , Cerdanya , a decade later . He may not have died in Asturias , and may have been assigned to the new location by the Umayyad commanders . He killed the bishop of Urgell , married to an illegitimate daughter of Odo the Great , with whom he had concluded an alliance of mutual assistance , and " de facto " detached from Cordova , declaring an independent Hispano - Berber principality . He was executed in 731 by the Cordovan wali Abd al - Rahman al - Ghafiqi after his expedition suffocated Uthman ibn Naissa ' s Berber detachment attempt , immediately preceding the assembly of Abd al - Rahman ' s expedition in Pamplona to march north over Vasconia and Bordeaux .
Petyhorcy Petyhorcy ( singular : Petyhorzec , by . " Пяцігорцы " ) was a type of 16 - 18th century medium - armoured cavalry in Great Duchy of Lithuania and Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth . Initially it was formed from Circassians which came to Lithuania from under the rule of the Russian Tsardom ( and hence were sometimes referred to simply as " Czerkiesi " - Circassians ) . The name is a corrupted Russian - language reference to a region of " Pyatigorye " ( " Five Mountains " , Beshtau ) in Caucasus , which corresponds to the city of Pyatigorsk . Initially formed by Caucasian mountaineers , the light cavalry units were with time also joined by Lithuanian Tartars and local landed gentry . Much like other steppe units , the petyhorcy units were initially armoured only in light misiurka ( chainmail cap ) and " karwasz " , a type of steel arm protectors . The offensive armament included a lance , possibly identical to the long lance used by Polish Winged Hussars . The first such units were formed during the reign of king Stefan Batory . A commander of one of such units , cerain Temruk Szymkowic , was recorded as a rotmistrz already during the reign of Sigismund August , but it is uncertain whether he commanded a circassian unit at that time . With time the unit type evolved into medium cavalry , almost identical to Polish pancerni . The armour used by those later units included a full chainmail armour with misiurka and arm protectors and often also a kalkan , a round Turkish - style shield . In 17th century the chainmail was gradually replaced by cuirass es . The offensive armament in use by Petyhorcy included a 3 to 4 - metres - long lance of bear spear ( " rohatyna " ) , as well as a Polish sabre , two pistol s and a musket carbine or an eastern - type bow . Following the military reforms of 1776 the Petyhorcy banners were reformed into Petyhorcy Brigade of National Cavalry ( " Petyhorska Brygada Kawalerii Narodowej " ) , otherwise known as the 2nd National Cavalry Brigade of the Grand Duchy . It ceased to exist following the fall of the Kościuszko Uprising .
Clemens - Heinrich Graf von Kageneck Clemens - Heinrich Graf von Kageneck ( 17 October 1913 – 18 March 2005 ) was a highly decorated " Major " in the " Wehrmacht " during World War II who commanded " Panzer - Abteilung 503 " . He was also a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Early life . Graf von Kageneck was born in Berlin , the oldest of four sons of " Generalmajor " Karl Graf von Kageneck and Freiin Maria von Schorlemer , daughter of Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer , an Imperial Secretary of Agriculture . His brothers included : He married Countess Caroline Henckel von Donnersmarck in 1944 . The children are :
Walter Stirling Admiral Sir Walter Stirling ( 18 May 1718 – 24 November 1786 ) was an admiral in the Royal Navy . Born in 1718 , Walter Stirling entered the Royal Navy . He was made " The Regulating Captain of the Impress at the Tower " . On 30 October 1753 he married Dorothy Willing , the daughter of Charles Willing , a Philadelphia merchant . According to family stories , he persuaded the family of Horatio Nelson to let Horatio join the navy , and he lost the opportunity to be appointed Governor of Halifax as he was visiting his wife in Scotland when the offer came in . In 1780 he was captain of the " Gibraltar " , and was present when Admiral George Rodney captured the island of Sint Eustatius from the Dutch during the Fourth Anglo - Dutch War . Selected to take home dispatches , he was knighted on arrival . In 1782 he appointed Commander - in - Chief at the Nore . When King George III inspected Stirling ' s ships , he was so impressed that he offered to make Stirling a baronet . Stirling declined , but his eldest son , also named Walter , later claimed the title , becoming Sir Walter Stirling , 1st Baronet of Faskine . He died in London in November 1786 . His second surviving son , Charles , also became an admiral . A grandson by his daughter Anne was James Stirling , first Governor of Western Australia , and himself an admiral in later life . Further reading . The following sources were not consulted in the writing of this article :