ABM - 1 Galosh The ABM - 1 Galosh ( Soviet designation A - 350 ) was a Soviet , nuclear tipped surface - to - air anti - ballistic missile . The Galosh ( NATO reporting name , formerly SH - 01 ) was a component of the A - 35 anti - ballistic missile system . Its primary mission was to destroy U . S . Minuteman and Titan intercontinental ballistic missile s targeting Moscow . The ABM - 1 was introduced during the 1960s with mechanically steered radar guidance . It contained a high - yield nuclear warhead , comparable to the U . S . Nike Zeus . The ABM - 1B ( Soviet designation A - 350R ) was introduced with the advanced A - 35M missile system and became operational during 1978 . This system was tested at the Sary Shagan Launch Facility with five test flights during 1971 , 1976 , and 1977 , with two more tests during 1993 and 1999 . The next generation of missiles , introduced with the A - 135 ABM System , were the ABM - 3 Gazelle ( 1970s ) , and ABM - 4 Gorgon ( 1980s ) . Design . The ABM - 1 Galosh was a three - stage solid - fueled design with a range of over 300 kilometers . The ABM - 1B was improved with a restartable liquid - fueled third stage . This gave a much improved post - launch and re - targeting capabilities . The Galosh are launched from above - ground launchers . The missile design was done by MKB Fakel ' s Chief Designer Petr Grushin . The system had multiple radars during the different phases including the " Pill Box " and " Hen House " early warning systems , and the " Dog House " and " Cat House " target acquisitioning systems . The A - 35 with radar was designed by Chief Designer K . B . Kisunko . Radar systems . The idea for this system was to protect Moscow from nuclear attack by the United States . The Russian government began studies during 1958 with preliminary designs from General Designer K . B . Kisunko . Further designs and development were moved to TsNPO Vympel . Radar systems were tested with Duna - 3 single direction search radar and the Dunay - 3U omni - direction 360 - degree search radar , designed by V . P . Sosulnikov and A . N . Musatov , respectively . A more advanced system of radars were included , the Don - 2N System ; consisting of the 6000 km long range early warning systems , ( NATO code names " Pill Box " and " Hen House " ) , and the 2800 km short range target acquisition radars ( NATO codenames " Dog House " and " Cat House " ) . Missile warhead . The A - 350 developed through a period of growth and modifications . Configurations included an improved A - 350Zh with tests during 1973 . Eventually , the design changed again with radiation hardened cases and became the A - 350R for Phase 2 deployment in 1974 . Construction . The construction of the ABM - 1 system began during 1962 with 16 primary sites including command post , radar installations and firing complexes for 8 - 16 missile launchers . Some of the existing sites of the old SA - 1 Guild were modified . Some known locations are : Naro - Fominsk , Olenegorsk , Skrunda , Angarsk , Nikolaeyev , and Sary Shagan . One of the Dunay radar ( NATO Code : " Dog House " ) phased array radar systems was located at Naro - Fominsk . This system is comparable to the US ' s PAVE PAWS radars of the Sentinel and Safeguard ABM programs . The construction plan changed a number of times , varying the locations , sectors or quadrants , and number of launchers . The system finalized at 8 sites with total of 64 launchers , with 4 major radar centers completed . Advanced A - 35M system ( ABM - 1B ) . With on - going advancements in the ABM system , radars , missile and warheads , the evolution of the ABM - 1 Galosh became the ABM - 1B Galosh . The " M " for modernization , was brought on through the advanced developments at 10 different Russian institutes . One primary upgrade was in the Dunay - 3U radar systems enhanced with a dedicated sector search abilility . Along with other upgrades , actual air tests were performed with different configurations between 1976 - 77 . Phase 3 of the Galosh went on - line in 1978 .