naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon ( c . 1541 , Murs , Provence - December 2 , 1615 , Avignon ) was a French soldier , called the " man without fear " and , by Henry IV the " brave of the brave " . Trained in Avignon and later under Guise of Lorraine , Crillon became an officer in 1557 and distinguished himself in the siege of Calais and the capture of Guînes through his courage . He suppressed the conspiracy of Amboise in 1560 and fought against the Huguenots and excelled at Dreux , St . Denis , Jarnac and Moncontour . After the peace of St . Germain ( 1570 ) , he fought as a Maltese under John of Austria against the Turks and participated in the battle of Lepanto . Openly condemning the St . Bartholomew ' s Day massacre , he fought at the Siege of La Rochelle ( 1572 - 1573 ) . Henry III , whom he accompanied to Poland named him governor of Lyon . In the war with the League , he forced La Fère to surrender and was made captain of a regiment of the guard , member of the royal council and general lieutenant of the infantry and took Provence in 1586 . He spoke out against Henry III ' s plan to assassinate the Duke of Guise . Later , he was the only support of the weak Henry III and became a friend and counsel of Henry IV under whom he took part in the battle of Ivry and the siege of Paris . In his war against Spain , he again excelled and commanded an army in Savoy . After the peace , he retired to Avignon , where he died . The name Crillon passed to his third brother , Thomas des Balbes de Berton de Crillon , and to whose descendants in the fourth generation , Francois Felix des Balbes de Berton de Crillon , the title of duke was bestowed . The village Crillon in the Vaucluse " département " of Provence was named Crillon - le - Brave in his honour .
Kosovo Offensive ( 1915 ) The Kosovo Offensive Operation ( ) , the third major battle in history to have been fought there , occurred between 10 November 1915 and 4 December 1915 . Battle and Serbian defeat . The battle began with the forcing of the South Morava by the Bulgarian 1st Army and ended with the total defeat of the Serbian army . The main blow was made by the 1st Army at the direction Niš - Pristina . For 2 days , the Serbian army seized Prokuplje , where they mounted a short - lived resistance . The greatly outnumbered Serbian army retreated , then made a futile stand near the city of Gnjilane . The Serbs then tried a desperate counter - attack towards Vranje and Kumanovo to join the Anglo - French troops but were again defeated . The 6th and 9th Infantry Divisions of 1st Army easily took Priština on 24 November . Then the whole of the Bulgarian army advanced , supported from the north by parts of 11th German Army and the Austro - Hungarian 3rd Army . The battle ended on 4 December when Debar was captured . The Serbs lost 30 , 000 soldiers , 199 guns , 150 cars and vast quantity of other military equipment . The Serbian army subsequently retreated into Albania , eventually being transported to the Greek island of Corfu .
Edmund Root Edmund Spence Root was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 34th Naval Governor of Guam . He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1905 , serving on many ships as an ensign . He served as the inaugural commanding officer of two ships : the USS " Rizal " and the USS " Astoria " . He served during World War I as commander of the U - boat hunting USS " Rowan " , for which he received a letter of commendation . As governor , he generated controversy by expelling 112 Japan ese laborers from Guam . The Guam Museum also opened during his term of office . Naval career . Root was appointed to the United States Naval Academy from Ohio in 1901 . He reported aboard the USS " Alabama " in 1906 , and 1908 he served aboard the USS " Maine " as an ensign . On April 4 , 1910 , he began service aboard the USS " Bainbridge " . In 1913 , he served aboard the USS " Glacier " . During World War I , Root served within the Bureau of Navigation and then with the Destroyer fleet stationed out of Queenstown , Ireland . In the war , he commanded the USS " Rowan " , specifically seeking out and engaging German U - boat s , for which he received a letter of commendation . On May 28 , 1919 , Root set sail aboard the USS " Rizal " as her first commanding officer . In 1934 , he served as the first commanding officer of the USS " Astoria " . In the 1940s , he headed the naval officer procurement program in Chicago , where he oversaw the area ' s initial WAVES program . Governorship . Root served as Naval Governor of Guam from May 15 , 1931 to June 21 , 1933 . Root caused controversy between the United States and Japan ese governments in 1933 when he expelled 112 Japanese citizens from Guam after their residence permits expired . The Guam Museum opened during his term . The Edmund S . Root Agricultural School in Guam is named in his honor .
Reginald William Sartorius Major General Reginald William Sartorius ( 4 May 1841 – 8 August 1907 ) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Details . Sartorius was 32 years old , and a major in the 6th Bengal Cavalry , British Indian Army , during the First Ashanti Expedition when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 17 January 1874 during the attack on Abogu , Ashanti ( now Ghana ) , Major Sartorius removed , under heavy fire , a mortally wounded Houssa non - commissioned officer and placed him under cover . His citation read : Further information . His father was Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Rose Sartorius and his brother was Major General Euston Henry Sartorius VC . He later achieved the rank of major general having served in the Second Anglo - Afghan War and the Bhutan War . The medal . His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum , Chelsea , London .
VT - 28 The VT - 28 " Rangers " are a U . S . Navy primary flight training squadron based at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi , Texas . History . Prior to its commissioning on May 1 , 1960 , VT - 28 operated as Advanced Training Unit 611 . The Rangers began as an advanced multi - engine training squadron flying a training variant of the Grumman S - 2 Tracker . After 19 years and thousands of Naval Aviator s being designated , the T - 44A replaced the TS - 2F Tracker . VT - 28 continued training advanced multi - engine aviators until 1990 when the Chief of Naval Air Training reassigned the squadron to be responsible for training instructors and updating training syllabus for the T - 44A and T - 34C Turbo Mentor . Three years later , CNATRA again reassigned VT - 28 to be Training Wing Four ' s fifth primary instruction squadron .
Yakup Ağa Yakup Ağa ( ) or Ebu Yusuf Nurullah Yakub ( ) , was the father of the Barbarossa Brothers , Oruç and Hızır . A Greek renegade or Turk . Yakup Ağa was a former Sipahi , a Turkish feudal cavalry knight , from Yenice ( modern Greek city of Yanitsa ) . Yakup was among those who took part in the capture of the Aegean island of Lesbos from the Genoese on behalf of the Ottomans in 1462 . For his participation he was granted the fief of Bonova village of the island as a reward and the title of the village ' s Agha ( master ) . In Lesbos Yakup married a local Christian Greek woman from Mytilene , the widow of an Orthodox priest named Katerina . From that union two daughters and four sons were born : Ishak , Oruç , Hızır and Ilyas . Yakup became an established potter and purchased a boat to trade his products . The four sons helped their father with his business , but not much is known about his daughters . At first , Ishak , the eldest son , was involved with the financial affairs of the family business and remained on Mytilene . Hızır operated in the Aegean Sea and based his operations mostly in Salonica . The other two brothers Oruç and Ilyas soon became seamen engaging in sea trade , later turning privateers in the Mediterranean . When their vessel was captured by a Knights of St . John galley , Ilyas was killed during the battle and Oruç became a slave aboard the galley for two to three years . When he regained his freedom , he and his brother Hızir started engaging in piracy as corsairs entering history as the Barbarossa Brothers . They took part in many Ottoman campaigns around the Mediterranean and gained fame for their skill as commanders . Oruç and Ishak were killed in Oran during the battle for Tlemcen fighting the Spaniards . The last surviving son Hızır became one of the most famous Barbary pirates of his era and a legendary figure as Admiral of the Ottoman navy .
Battle of Thermopylae ( 1941 ) The Battle of Thermopylae as part of the German invasion of Greece during World War II occurred in 1941 following the retreat from the Olympus and Servia passes . British Commonwealth forces began to set up defensive position at the pass at Thermopylae , famous for the Battle of Thermopylae in 480BC . General Bernard Freyberg was given the task of defending the coastal pass with Mackay defending the village of Brallos . In the New Zealand sector , the 5th Brigade was deployed along the coastal road , the foothills south of Lamia , and the Spercheios River . The 4th Brigade was on the right where it had established coast - watching patrols , and the 6th was in reserve . In the Australian sector , the 19th Brigade , comprising the 2 / 4th and 2 / 8th Battalions , defended Brallos . On 19 April , the 2 / 1st and 2 / 5th Battalions were placed under the command of Maj Gen George Vasey , and that day and during the early hours of the next , 2 / 11th Battalion rejoined the brigade . Generals Freyberg and Mackay had been informing their subordinates that there would be no more withdrawals , both unaware of the higher level discussions on the evacuation . After the battle , Mackay was quoted as saying . When the order to retreat was received on the morning of the 23rd , it was decided that each of the two positions was to be held by one brigade each . These brigades , the Australian 19th and 6th New Zealand were to hold the passes as long as possible , allowing the other units to withdraw . General Vasey , commander of the 19th Brigade said : This was interpreted by his brigade major as the " " Brigade will hold its present defensive positions come what may " " . The Germans attacked on 24 April , met fierce resistance , lost 15 tanks and sustained considerable casualties . The Australians and New Zealanders held out the entire day . With the delaying action accomplished , they retreated in the direction of the evacuation beaches and set up another rearguard at Thebes . The absence of the Greek army caused reaction among a large number of Greek soldiers . After the Liberation of Greece from the Axis Powers , Aris Velouchiotis during one of his speeches supported that this was an eternal " shame " for the Greek regime that commanded the war .
Mad minute Mad minute was a pre - World War I term used by British Army riflemen during training at the Hythe School of Musketry to describe scoring a minimum of 15 hits onto a 12 " round target at within one minute using a bolt - action rifle ( usually a Lee - Enfield or Lee - Metford rifle ) . It was not uncommon during the First World War for riflemen to greatly exceed this score . Many riflemen could average 30 plus shots while the record , set in 1914 by Sergeant Instructor Alfred Snoxall , was 38 hits . During the Battle of Mons , there were numerous German accounts of coming up against what they believed was machine gun fire when in fact it was squads of riflemen firing at this rate . In the Vietnam War , the term was used to describe a drill involving intense automatic weapons fire , intended to flush out infiltrators or ambushes . " Mad Minute " has remained in military parlance as a term to describe any short period of intense weapons fire .
Eugene Raymond Major - General Eugene Raymond SSA SM ( born 1923 ) was a South African military commander . A medical doctor , he joined the South African Army ' s medical corps in 1952 , and was appointed Surgeon - General at Defence Headquarters in 1960 . When the medical services were centralised in 1968 he became the chief of the new organisation . He retired from military service in 1969 . References . " Militaria " - Official Professional Journal of the SADF ( Vol 12 / 2 : 1982 )
77th Infantry Division ( Wehrmacht ) The 77th Infantry Division ( " 77 . Infanteriedivision " in German ) was a German military unit which served during World War II . Operational history . The infantry division was formed on 15 January 1944 in the town of Münsingen , and formed part of the twenty - fifth wave of infantry divisions raised in Germany . The division was built up around a cadre of officers and men from the 355th and 364th Infantry Divisions , which both had been badly mauled on the Eastern Front . The new recruits joining the division were well trained , and benefited from the experience of the officers and men they were joining . The division was sent to Normandy in France as a component of the LXXXIV Corps of the 7th Army , which was tasked with defending occupied France from an Allied invasion west of the Seine . On March 5 the division was moved to Caen , where it aided the 352nd Infantry Division in coastal defence . Initially commanded by Lieutenant General Walter Poppe , command was transferred to Lieutenant General Stegmann on May 1 , with Colonel Bacherer , commander of the 1049th Grenadier Regiment , assuming temporary command . Initially opposing the U . S . 4th Infantry Division as it moved inland from Utah beach , it was one of four divisions which were committed to the defence of Cotentin peninsula to deny the Allies of the port at Cherbourg : the understrength coastal defense divisions of 243rd , 709th Infantry Divisions , the 91st Air Landing Division and the first rate 77th Infantry Division . Stegmann was killed in mid - June with 300 of his men after getting caught up in Allied shelling ; Colonel Bacherer re - assumed command . Initial assaults to push across the neck of the peninsula by the US 4th Division made little progress . By the June 17 the veteran U . S . 9th Infantry Division took over the responsibility of the assault . By the 18th it was clear that any units caught north of the allied advance would be lost . General Rommel attempted to get the 77th out of the closing noose but command issues were so layered and confused that the division could not get moving south until the allied line extended across the width and was solidifying . On June 19 the 77th became entraped and was largely annihilated , with only two battalions escaping south . In early July the remainder of the division was caught up in fighting around Saint - Jores as the American 358th Infantry Regiment ' s 1st Battalion began to push heavily on them , leading to the German withdrawal by the end of the day . Elements of the 5th Parachute Division would temporarily restore German control before finally leaving the area on July 10 . The remnant was involved in heavy fighting around the St . Malo area and was so further decimated that on August 15 the division ceased to exist . Sources . Bibliography
Yankee - class submarine The Yankee class is the NATO classification for a type of nuclear - powered submarine that was constructed by the Soviet Union from 1968 onward . 34 units were produced under Project 667A " Navaga " ( after the fish ) and Project 667AU " Nalim " ( " burbot " ) . 24 were built at Severodvinsk for the Northern Fleet while the remaining 10 built in Komsomolsk - na - Amurye for the Pacific Fleet . Two Northern Fleet units were transferred to the Pacific . The lead unit " K - 137 Leninets " , receiving its honorific name 11 April 1970 , two and one half years after being commissioned . Service . The Yankee - class nuclear submarine s were the first class of Soviet ballistic missile submarine s ( BMS ) to have thermonuclear firepower comparable with that of their American and British Polaris submarine counterparts . The Yankee - class BMS were quieter in the ocean than were their " Hotel " - class predecessors , and the Yankee - class had better streamlining that improved their underwater performance . The Yankee - class BMS were actually quite similar to the Polaris submarines of the U . S . Navy and the Royal Navy . These boats were all armed with 16 submarine - launched ballistic missile s ( SLBM ) with multiple nuclear warhead s as nuclear deterrent s during the Cold War , and their ballistic missile s had ranges from 1 , 500 nautical miles ( 2 , 400 kilometers ) to 2 , 500 miles ( 4 , 000 kilometers ) . The Yankee - class BMS served in the Soviet Navy in three oceans : the Atlantic Ocean , the Pacific Ocean , and the Arctic Ocean beginning in the 1960s . During the 1970s about three Yankee - class BMS were continually on patrol in a so - called " patrol box " in the Atlantic Ocean just east of Bermuda and off the US Pacific coast . This forward deployment of the BMS was seen to balance the presence of American , British , and French nuclear weapons kept in Western Europe and on warship s ( including nuclear submarine s ) in the surrounding Atlantic Ocean , including the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Atlantic . One armed boat of the Yankee - class , the Soviet Navy " K - 219 " , was lost on 6 October 1986 after an explosion and fire on board . This boat had been at sea near Bermuda , and she sank from loss of buoyancy because of flooding . Four of her sailors died before rescue ships arrived . At least one other boat in this class was involved in a collision with a U . S . Navy nuclear submarine . Because of their increasing age , and as negotiated in the SALT I treaty , the START I treaty , and the START II treaty , that reduced the nuclear armements of the United States and the Soviet Union , all of the boats of the Yankee - class , and all Polaris missile and Poseidon missile submarines have been decommissioned , disarmed , and sent to the nuclear ship scrapyard s — except in some cases where they were simply left to rust in seaports on the Arctic Ocean , by the Russian Navy . Variants . There were eight different versions of the Yankee subs ( all no longer in service ) :
Douglas DT The Douglas DT bomber was the Douglas Aircraft Company ' s first military contract , forging a link between the company and the United States Navy . Navy Contract No . 53305 of April 1 , 1921 , required only 18 pages to set out the specifications that resulted in the purchase of three DT ( D for Douglas , T for torpedo ) folding - wing aircraft . The DT used a welded - steel fuselage with aluminum covering the forward and center sections and fabric covering the rear section . Douglas built 46 DT - 1 and DT - 2 torpedo bombers for the U . S . Navy , Norwegian Navy , and Peruvian Navy . 20 DT - 2 aircraft were built under license by Lowe - Willard - Fowler Engineering Company , six by the Naval Aircraft Factory , and 11 by Dayton Wright Company . Another seven were built for Norway under license by Marinens Flyvebåtfabrik . Although still in service when the Germans invaded Norway , the Norwegian DTs did not see action in the Norwegian Campaign . The DT could be fitted either with pontoons or wheeled landing gear and could carry a 1 , 800 lb ( 816 kg ) torpedo . First flight was in November 1921 and production continued until 1929 . The DT operated off the U . S . Navy ' s first aircraft carrier , , from land bases , and from seaplane tenders . Several were flown by the Marine Corps . Variations of the DT - 2 aircraft were designated DT - 4 , DT - 5 , DT - 6 , and DTB . Machines licence - built by Dayton - Wright were internally designated SDW by that company . The type became the basis for the Douglas World Cruiser .
Podujevo massacre The Podujevo massacre ( , ) is the name generally used to refer to the killing of 19 Kosovo Albanian civilians , all women and children , committed in March 1999 by the Skorpions , a Serbian paramilitary organisation in conjunction with the Special Anti - Terrorist Unit of Serbia . This was during the Kosovo War . One of the survivors of this massacre , Saranda Bogujevci , 13 years old when it occurred , received mass media attention after she successfully managed to bring to justice her case with the help of several organizations from Serbia , Canada and the United Kingdom . Aftermath . Goran Stoparić , at the time of the events serving in the Anti - Terrorism Unit ( SAJ ) , gave evidence to bring the culprits to justice . In an interview to Canadian Broadcasting Corporation , he speculated over the motives behind the actions committed by the irregular forces : Serbian police arrested two members of a paramilitary unit called the Scorpions , Saša Cvjetan and Dejan Demirović , who freely gave incriminating statements and signed them . Demirović had moved to Canada and applied for political asylum but was deported back to his home country after a campaign orchestrated by human rights organizations . Demirović and Cvjetan were the only two people charged with the killings . Cvetjan was sentenced in Serbia to 20 years in prison . On 10 April 2007 , four members of the Scorpions paramilitary group were convicted and sentenced to lengthy prison sentences by Belgrade ' s War Crimes Court .
2011 Sabha clashes The 2011 Sabha clashes were a series of clashes between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti - Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha and a part of the Libyan Civil War which took place during June 2011 . Background . Sabha is a city of around 210 , 000 people located by an oasis in the Libyan Desert and is home to an important military base . Much of its population are migrants from Chad , Niger , and Sudan . These migrants had been brought to Libya by Gaddafi in the 1980s and given employment and stipends by the regime to ensure their support . In addition , the city is home to a large number of members of the Qadhadhfa tribe , to which Gaddafi belongs . As a result , the city was regarded as a stronghold of pro - Gaddafi sentiment as the anti - regime protests that began across Libya in February 2011 turned into civil war . As the conflict progressed , however , many of the migrants went north to fight against the rebels , draining Gaddafi ' s major base of support in the city . Those who remained behind were mostly armed young locals and members of the Awlad Suleiman tribe . The Awlad Suleiman bear strong resentment against the regime . Shortly after Gaddafi seized power , members of the tribe were accused of plotting to overthrow him . Many tribesmen were executed and imprisoned as a result . June clashes . After remaining relatively quiet for much of the conflict , anti - government protests broke out in the city in early June . On 8 June , government troops fired into the air to disperse a crowd of protesters , igniting a violent clash between the groups . Anti - Gaddafi Awlad Suleiman tribesmen " liberated several streets " in the city by 11 June , according to the rebel National Transitional Council . Rebels set up checkpoints in the main residential district of Souk al - Namla . Reports indicated that these rebels were armed , partially by weapons from rebels in the north . By 12 June , the city ' s residents stated that they feared pro - Gaddafi forces and mercenaries from the north were readying to return to Sabha to subdue the opposition elements . July pro - Gaddafi rally . On 8 July , Gaddafi spoke to a crowd of 50 , 000 people at a pro - Gaddafi rally . During his speech , he threatened to attack Europe . August / September . On 23 August , more clashes broke out in Sabha . Col Bani called Sabha " the last stronghold for ( Gaddafi ) . " Sabha came under anti - Gaddafi control in late September .