naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Eustace Jotham Eustace Jotham VC ( 28 November 1883 – 7 January 1915 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Born in Kidderminster 28 November 1883 , Jotham attended Bromsgrove School from 1899 . In 1901 , at the age of 18 , he left to attend the Royal Military Academy , Sandhurst . He was commissioned into the Prince of Wales ' s ( North Staffordshire ) Regiment as a second lieutenant on 22 April 1903 and joined the 2nd battalion , embarking for a tour of duty in India . In 1903 Jotham sailed to India with the North Staffords and served with them until 1905 . Under the Indian Army regulations for admission paragraph 13 British army officers could transfer to the Indian army . Jotham transferred to the Indian Army on 23 June 1905 ( backdated to his commissioning date in 1903 ) , and promoted to lieutenant in the 102nd Prince of Wales ' s Own Grenadiers on 22 July 1905 . By 1908 he had joined the 51st Sikhs and is listed in the records as a ' double company officer ' . He was promoted captain on 22 April 1912 . During operations in the Tochi Valley area of the North West Frontier in 1914 – 1915 he was attached to the North Waziristan Militia and on 7 January 1915 was killed in action . His bravery during these operations earned him a posthumous Victoria Cross . Citation . He was buried in the Miranshar Cemetery , North Waziristan , and is commemorated on the Delhi Memorial ( India Gate ) .
Edward Montagu ( Indian Army officer ) Edward Montagu ( 1755 – 1799 ) , Indian officer , was youngest son of Admiral John Montagu , and brother to Admiral Sir George Montagu and Captain James Montagu . Educated at the Royal Academy of Woolwich , he went out to Bengal as an East India cadet in 1770 . There being no commission vacant on his arrival , he was first placed in the ‘ select picket , ’ a military body composed of the cadets then present at Calcutta . On 16 May 1772 he was admitted into the Bengal Artillery as lieutenant - fireworker , and by 24 Sept . 1777 he had risen to the rank of first - lieutenant of artillery . He was attached to Brigadier - general Thomas Goddard ' s army during the Mahratta campaign of 1781 , and was successfully employed against certain Mahratta forts on the Rohilcund border , on one occasion being severely wounded in the face by an arrow . In 1782 he accompanied Colonel Pearce ' s detachment , sent to join Sir Eyre Coote ( 1726 – 1783 ) , then engaged against Haider Ali and his French allies in the Carnatic , and in 1783 he commanded the English artillery in the siege unsuccessfully attempted by General James Stuart of Cuddalore , a strong Carnatic fortress then held by the French . On the conclusion of the war in the Carnatic ( 1784 ) , Montagu returned to Bengal . He was promoted to a captaincy on 13 Oct . 1784 . He took a prominent part in the invasion of Mysore , conducted by Lord Cornwallis in 1791 . He superintended the artillery employed in the sieges of Nandidrúg ( captured 19 Oct . 1791 ) and Savandrúg ( captured 21 Dec . 1791 ) . For his skill and vigour Montagu received special commendation from Lord Cornwallis . The war concluded in favour of the English in 1792 . On 1 March 1794 Montagu was made lieutenant - colonel , being now third on the list of Bengal artillery officers . In the final war against Tipu , sultan of Mysore ( 1799 ) , Montagu , as commander of the Bengal artillery , accompanied the army under General Harris which was directed to invade Mysore from Madras . On 9 April 1799 Seringapatam , the Mysore capital , was formally invested . On 2 May Montagu , while directing his battery , was struck in the shoulder by a cannon - shot from the enemy ' s lines . He died from the effects of the wound on 8 May 1799 .
John Burnham ( submarine designer ) John M . Burnham ( September 11 , 1917 – November 15 , 1957 ) was the designer of USS Nautilus ( SSN - 571 ) , the world ' s first operational nuclear - powered submarine . He was a 1941 graduate of the United States Naval Academy . In 1947 , he joined the Electric Boat Division of the General Dynamics Corporation at Groton , Connecticut . He became design manager at Electric Boat in 1952 , and was responsible for the design of " Nautilus " and two other nuclear - powered submarines , USS Seawolf ( SSN - 575 ) and USS Skate ( SSN - 578 ) . References . " John Burnham , 40 , Nautilus designer " " New York Times " . November 16 , 1957 : 19
Alfred Oliver Pollard Alfred Oliver Pollard VC MC & Bar DCM ( 4 May 1893 – 5 December 1960 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . He later became a prolific author of crime and mystery books . Military Service . He was educated at St Olave ' s Grammar School and Merchant Taylors ' School 1906 - 1908 . Pollard had volunteered for service on August 8 , 1914 . Up to that date , he had worked as a clerk at an insurance company . He was wounded twice , but showed exceptional courage in returning to his unit after recovering from wounds . His bravery earned him the highest ( and largest number of ) awards awarded to a soldier in his unit during the war . He had entered the war as a private , but was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion , Honourable Artillery Company , British Army during the First World War when the deed took place for which he was awarded the VC . On 29 April 1917 at Gavrelle , France , the troops of various units had become disorganized owing to the heavy casualties from shell fire and a subsequent determined attack with very strong forces caused further confusion and retirement . Second Lieutenant Pollard realized the seriousness of the situation and with only four men he started a counter - attack with bombs , pressing it home until he had broken the enemy attack and regained all that had been lost and much ground in addition . This officer ' s splendid example inspired courage into every man who saw him . His Victoria Cross is held by the Honourable Artillery Company in London , and a copy is on display in its Medal Room . Brother . His elder brother , Frank , was also a member of the HAC , but when he believed he would not be sent to the front , deserted and joined the Grenadier Guards . He was killed in action in September 1916 , just before he was to be sent back to England on a commissioning course . Later life . In 1918 , Pollard married Mary Ainsley of Trefilan , Purley . He served in the Royal Air Force in a short term commission as a pilot officer in the mid - 1920s . Pollard ' s autobiography , " Fire - Eater : the Memoirs of a VC " published in 1932 , recounts his experience of the war , from joining the HAC on the outbreak of war up to the armistice . It depicts a man who was able to deal with the violence and huge loss of life by rationalising it as a necessary evil to destroy the enemy . Pollard became a professional writer post - war and published more than 60 books , fiction and non - fiction . Pollard died in Bournemouth , where he was cremated and is buried . Works . From British Library catalogue ( Accessed August 2010 ) .
James H . Sands Rear Admiral James Hoban Sands ( 12 July 1845 – 26 October 1911 ) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War and eventually became Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy . Naval career . Son of Rear Admiral Benjamin F . Sands , he was born in Washington , D . C . in 1845 . Sands was appointed Acting Midshipman in the United States Naval Academy on 25 November 1859 , and graduated in 1863 while the academy was still in Newport . During the American Civil War , he served in " Tuscarora " , " Juniata " , and " Shenandoah " and , in the years that followed , in and " Richmond " . He was part of the blockading fleet during the Civil War , which for a time was commanded by his father , and was present at the evacuation of Charleston ; he also participated in both attacks on Fort Fisher , for which he was cited for gallantry in action , and twice recommended for promotion . Ordered to the Naval Observatory in 1869 , he returned to sea duty on the Asiatic Station , a year and a half later . From October 1873 to April 1875 , he served in the Hydrographic Office . Duty in " Minnesota " and " Iroquois " followed ; and , in 1884 , he returned to Washington , D . C . , for duty at the Washington Navy Yard . During the 1890s , he commanded " Monongahela " ; served as equipment officer at the Boston Navy Yard ; commanded " Columbia " and " Minneapolis " ; and served as Governor of the Naval Home Squadron at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Detached from the latter in 1901 , he became a member of the Retirement Board and assumed its presidency in 1902 . Commissioned Rear Admiral the same year , he served as Commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard , League Island , Philadelphia , from May 1902 to April 1903 ; commanded the Coast Squadron until 1905 ; then assumed duty as the eighteenth Superintendent of the Naval Academy . Further duty on the Retirement Board and as President , Naval Examining Board , followed ; and , in July 1907 , he transferred to the Retired List . Post - retirement . Rear Admiral James Hoban Sands died in Washington , D . C . on 26 October 1911 . Family . Sands was a devout Roman Catholic and his influence was effective in creating a tolerance for Catholics and others of various faiths at the Naval Academy and within the military services . Sands was married to Mary Elizabeth Meade , who came from a famous Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , family . She also converted to Catholicism . They had one son and two daughters . The son , William Franklin Sands , became United States Minister to Guatemala , and the two daughters , Clara and Hilda , became Religious of the Sacred Heart . Namesakes . Two ships were named USS " Sands " for Sands and his father , Benjamin F . Sands : See also . List of Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy
Lehr Infantry Regiment The " Lehr " Infantry Regiment ( ) was an infantry regiment of the Imperial German Army in World War I . It was formed on mobilisation of the German Army in August 1914 and served with the 3rd Guards Division through to the end of the war . " Lehr " Infantry Battalion . The " Lehr " Infantry Battalion ( ) - infantry instruction battalion - was raised in 1819 . In 1914 it was part of the Guards Corps and garrisoned in Potsdam . " Lehr " Infantry Regiment . Formation . With the mobilisation of the German Army on 2 August 1914 , the " Lehr " Infantry Battalion was expanded to regimental strength as the " Lehr " Infantry Regiment . It was formed as follows : The Regiment was also provided with two machine gun companies . Combat chronicle . The " Lehr " Infantry Regiment joined the Guards Fusilier Regiment in the new 6th Guards Infantry Brigade as part of the 3rd Guards Division in the Guards Reserve Corps . It remained with the 3rd Guards Division throughout the war , even after the Division was triangularized in May 1915 . The Guards Reserve Corps was assigned to the 2nd Army as part of the right wing of the forces that invaded France and Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . It participated in the capture of Namur and was immediately transferred to the Eastern Front to join the 8th Army in time to participate in the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes . It then fought in the Battle of Łódź . It continued fighting in the Carpathians and Galicia and then participated in the Gorlice - Tarnów Offensive . The Regiment returned to the Western Front with its Division in April 1916 and entered the trenches in the Champagne region . In July 1916 it fought in the Battle of the Somme . At the beginning of September 1916 , the division was again sent to the Eastern Front , returning in November . In 1917 it participated in the Battle of Arras and the Battle of Passchendaele . It then fought against the Allied tank attack in November 1917 in the Battle of Cambrai . In 1918 , it fought in the German Spring Offensive . During the subsequent Allied offensives and counteroffensives , the division faced the French and Americans at Aisne - Marne and in the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . The division was rated as one of the best German divisions by Allied intelligence . By the end of the war , the Regiment was still with the 3rd Guards Division , XXV Reserve Corps , 3rd Army , " Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz " on the Western Front . Throughout the war , the Regiment lost 103 officers and 5 , 463 NCOs and men .
Guy III , Count of Saint - Pol Guy II of Châtillon , Count of Saint - Pol ( died 1289 ) was a French nobleman , and was a younger son of Hugh I of Châtillon and Marie of Avesnes . While his elder brother John I of Châtillon succeeded to their mother ' s County of Blois , Guy was given their father ' s county of Saint - Pol - sur - Ternoise at his death in 1248 . On January 16 , 1255 , he married Matilda of Brabant ( d . 1288 ) , daughter of Henry II , Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen , and thereafter was a supporter of his brother - in - law Henry III against Guelders . They had six children : A faithful vassal of France , he joined the Eighth Crusade ( 1270 ) and the ill - fated Crusade of Aragón of Philip the Bold .
William Dowell ( Royal Navy officer ) Admiral Sir William Montagu Dowell GCB ( 2 August 1825 – 27 December 1912 ) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth . Naval career . Dowell joined the Royal Navy in 1839 . He served in the Black Sea during the Crimean War . He was given command of HMS " Hornet " and HMS " Barrosa " and , in the latter ship , took part in the Bombardment of Shimonoseki in 1863 . Later he commanded HMS " Euryalus " , HMS " Topaze " and then HMS " Leander " . He was made Commander - in - Chief , Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station in 1867 before taking command of HMS " Hercules " in 1871 . He became Second - in - Command of the Channel Squadron in 1877 , Commander - in - Chief , Coast of Ireland in 1878 , Commander - in - Chief , Channel Squadron in 1882 , Commander - in - Chief , China Station in 1884 and Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth in 1888 . He retired in 1890 . In retirement he became President of the Royal British Female Orphan Asylum in Plymouth . Family . In 1855 he married Caroline Johnna Pike .
Aspirant Aspirant is a military rank in the Canadian Navy , Estonian Defence Forces , French military , Brazilian military , Italian Air Force , Romanian Navy and Polish Policja . Canadian Navy . Similar to the French usage , the Canadian Navy uses the French - language rank of " Aspirant de marine " ( AspM ) to denote a junior officer under training . The same rank in the English language is referred to as " Naval Cadet " ( NCdt ) . An aspirant de marine does not hold the Queen ' s commission and must either acquire a university degree or complete his first trades qualification to earn promotion . Estonian Defence Forces . Junior Sergeant conscriptees having passed the Reserve Platoon Commander Course get ranked Aspirants meaning they will be given officer ranks ( Ensign or Junior Liutenant ) in case of mobilisation and war . Some Aspirants also get promoted during reserve war games . French Army . An Officer Designate rank , it is used in the " Armée de Terre " ( Army ) , the " Armée de l ' Air " ( Air Force ) , the " Marine Nationale " ( Navy ) and the " Gendarmerie Nationale " . Technically it is not a commissioned rank but it is still treated in all respects as one . Aspirants are either officers in training in military academies or voluntaries , serving as temporary officers . The aspirant must have been previously " élève officier " ( Officer Cadet ) . He can afterwards be commissioned as a " sous - lieutenant " or " enseigne de vaisseau de deuxième classe " . His insignia is a single curl of gold lace , disrupted by " flashes " of wool . It was widely used during both World War s for providing young educated people with an officer ' s authority . Portuguese Armed Forces . " Aspirante - a - oficial " is the first rank in the officer corps , coming below Alferes in the army and air force and Guarda - Marinha ( Naval School graduates ) or Sub - tenente ( temporary officers graduated from civilian universities ) in the navy . Romanian Navy . In the Romanian Navy , Aspirant is the lowest commissioned rank , equivalent to the rank of Ensign . Norway . In Norway , the " Aspirant Course " is a three - year trainee programme for students intending to work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , i . e . prospective diplomats . Other uses . An aspirant is also a title for doctoral education candidates in the post - Soviet states . This educational step leads to a scientific degree called kandidat nauk . The term is also used in reference to religious vocations as one who is discerning the religious life . See also . Midshipman
Ahmed Izzet Pasha Ahmed Izzet Pasha ( Turkish : " Ahmet İzzet Furgaç " " or " " Ahmet İzzet Paşa " , 1864 – 1937 ) was an Ottoman general in World War I . He was also one of the last grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire ( 14 October 1918 - 8 November 1918 ) , and its last minister of Foreign Affairs . He was born in Manastir into an Albanian family . His father was prominent civil servant of the area . From 1887 to 1890 he taught strategy and military geography in the Ottoman War College , while later until 1894 he studied in Germany under Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz . As a result of his participation in the Greco - Turkish War he was promoted to the rank of Miralay ( colonel ) . In 1908 after the Young Turk Revolution he became chief of the Ottoman general staff . During that period he was opposed to the reprisals of the Ottoman army under Mahmud Shevket Pasha against civilians during the Albanian revolts of the era . His strong opposal to Mahmud Pasha ' s policies led to his dismissal and reappointment in Yemen in February 1911 . He commanded the Third Army in the Caucasus in the early phases of World War I before being relieved of that command . Later in 1916 he was appointed commander of the Second Army which fought in the Caucasus alongside the Third Army . In 1917 he was appointed to command the Anatolian group of armies , which comprised the Second and Third Armies . The highest rank he held was that of the marshal . After the war he was called upon to lead the government that signed the armistice of Mudros . Although his period of office was of short duration , he was notable by being the signatory of the Armistice of Mudros on behalf the Ottoman Empire on 30 October 1918 , thus putting an end to the First World War for Turkey . He was dismissed on 8 November 1918 . After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent loss of the title of pasha , he adopted the surname " Furgaç " in 1934 . His decisions during the Caucasus Campaign have been criticized and are regarded as one of the factors of its failure , while his subsequent high reputation in Turkey has been attributed to his successful activity during the Turkish War of Independence .
Battle of Stephaniana The Battle of Stephaniana ( ) was a small - scale battle between the forces of the Serbian Empire and the Emirate of Aydin , allies of Byzantine emperor John VI Kantakouzenos . It was the first battle between the Serbs and Turks , an earlier battle in Gallipoli was fought between troops sent by King Milutin and Turcopole Halil Pasha ( 1312 ) . The Emirate [ Turkish ] force , 3 , 100 strong , were in the process of returning to Anatolia to defend against a Latin attack on their main harbour , Smyrna . On their way they were attacked by a Serbian army under " voivode " Preljub , one of the most capable generals in the service of Stefan Dušan . The battle , which occurred sometime in May 1344 , was won by the Turks , but was not able to thwart the ongoing conquest of Byzantine Macedonia by Dušan . Background . Both the Serbs and Bulgars who had existing kingdoms in the Balkans and various groups of Turks were by 1344 very active in the Byzantine Civil War ( 1341 – 47 )
Castle Yankee Castle Yankee was the code name given to one of the tests in the Operation Castle series of American tests of thermonuclear bombs . It was originally intended as a test of a TX - 16 / EC - 16 bomb , but the design became obsolete after the Castle Bravo test was successful . The test device was replaced with a TX - 24 / EC - 24 bomb which was detonated on May 5 , 1954 , at Bikini Atoll . It released energy equivalent to 13 . 5 megatons of TNT , the second - largest yield ever in a U . S . fusion weapon test . Jughead . Yankee was originally intended to be a test of a TX - 16 / EC - 16 , a weaponized version of the large and complex Ivy Mike device . A small number of emergency capability EC - 16s were produced , without being tested , to provide a stop - gap thermonuclear weapon capability in response to the Russian nuclear weapons program . The test device , code - named " Jughead " , had been prepared as a backup in case the non - cryogenic Castle Bravo " Shrimp " device failed to work . The test of Jughead was cancelled when the Bravo test was successful , and the cryogenic EC - 16s were withdrawn and dismantled . Runt II . Jughead was replaced by the " Runt II " device ( a TX - 24 / EC - 24 ) , developed from the Castle Romeo " Runt " device ( a TX - 17 / EC - 17 ) . Externally identical , the principal difference between them was in the fuel for the fusion stage . While Runt used natural lithium ( with 7 . 5 % of the Lithium - 6 isotope ) , Runt II used the same partially enriched lithium ( approximately 40 % Lithium - 6 ) as the Shrimp device . It was detonated on May 5 , 1954 , at Bikini Atoll of the Marshall Islands , on a barge moored in the middle of the crater from the Castle Union test . Although it had been predicted to produce a yield of 6 to 10 megatons , it actually produced a yield of 13 . 5 megatons , the second - largest ever yield in a U . S . fusion weapon test . Like the Mike , Bravo and Romeo tests , a large percentage of the yield was produced by fast fission of the natural uranium tamper . 7 megatons of the yield were from fission , the other 6 . 5 megatons were from fusion reactions . The high fusion yield was due to the enriched fuel and set a U . S . record that stood until Hardtack Poplar in 1958 .