naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Innis N . Palmer Innis Newton Palmer ( March 30 , 1824 – September 10 , 1900 ) was a career officer in the United States Army , serving in the Mexican - American War , the Civil War , and on the Western frontier . Palmer was born in Buffalo , New York . Innis participated as a choir boy at his local church until he joined the army . He entered the United States Military Academy in 1842 . He graduated in the class of 1846 and was appointed a brevet second lieutenant in the 2nd U . S . Mounted Rifles . He entered the Mexican - American War as a first lieutenant and was cited for bravery and noteworthy service at the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco . His valor displayed at the Battle of Chapultepec earned for him a brevet promotion to the rank of captain . In March 1855 Palmer was promoted to the full rank of captain in the 2nd U . S . Cavalry . In April 1861 with the outbreak of the Civil War , Palmer advanced in rank again , becoming a major of a cavalry battalion , April 25 , 1861 . At the First Battle of Bull Run , he led this battalion of seven companies of horsemen , and was again recognized for his gallantry . He was transferred to the 5th U . S . Cavalry Regiment on August 3 , 1861 . On December 21 , 1861 , he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers to rank from December 20 , 1861 . President Abraham Lincoln officially nominated Palmer for this appointment on December 21 , 1861 and the U . S . Senate confirmed the appointment March 17 , 1862 . In 1863 he was appointed to the Regular Army rank of lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U . S . Cavalry . He was mustered out of the volunteers on January 15 , 1866 . On January 13 , 1866 , President Andrew Johnson nominated Palmer for appointment to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers , to rank from March 13 , 1865 , and the U . S . Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12 , 1866 . In June 1868 , Palmer became colonel of the regiment . He retired at his own request in March 1879 . He died on the morning of September 10 , 1900 of complications from kidney failure in Chevy Chase , Maryland . His interment was in Arlington National Cemetery , Arlington , Virginia . His son in law was Major General Eben Swift who at one time commanded the 5th Cavalry and his grandson and namesake was Major General Innis Palmer Swift , who commanded the 1st Cavalry Division and I Corps in the South Pacific in World War II .
No . 49 Squadron RAF No . 49 Squadron was a bomber squadron of the Royal Air Force from 1938 to 1965 . They received their first Hampdens in September 1938 . They were a famous Hampden squadron ; with the only Victoria Cross awarded Rod Learoyd amongst the ones who served on the type . They carried out the attack on the Dortmund - Ems Canal in 12 August 1940 . In 1942 No . 49 Squadron converted to Manchesters , then Lancasters , and in October led No . 5 Group ' s epic dusk attack on the Schneider armament and locomotive works at Le Creusot . In 1943 the squadron took part in the first " shuttle - bombing " raid ( when the targets were Friedrichshafen and Spezia ) , and the famous raid on Peenemunde . Among the targets which it attacked during 1944 were the coastal gun battery at La Pernelle on the Normandy coast , and the V1 storage sites in the caves at St . Leu d ' Esserent on the River Loire , some 30 miles north - west of Paris . In December 1944 , it took part in a raid on the German Baltic Fleet at Gdynia and in March 1945 , was represented in the bomber force which so pulverised the defences of Wesel just before the crossing of the Rhine that Commandos were able to seize the town with only 36 casualties . The Squadron remained with Lancasters until it was re - equipped with Lincolns in November 1949 . They carried out 2 tours of duty during the Kenyan Mau Mau Uprising from November 1953 to January 1954 and from November 1954 to July 1955 . During both these tours it was commanded by Squadron Leader Alan E . Newitt DFC . During their second tour of operation Avro Lincoln " SX984 " was lost in an accident . They operated the Vickers Valiant from RAF Wittering and RAF Marham from 1 May 1956 until 1 May 1965 . The sole remaining Vickers Valiant ( " XD818 " ) - the one that dropped the first British hydrogen bomb at Christmas Island with 49 Sqn as part of Operation Grapple - is preserved at the RAF Museum Cosford , near Wolverhampton . SX984 Avro Lincoln . The SX984 was lost in a crash on 19 February 1955 while serving in Kenya during the Mau Mau Uprising . On returning from an operational bombing sortie at 1540 hours , some 1hr 25mins flying time ( total airborne time to the moment of the crash was 1hr 33mins ) , the pilot of SX984 carried out several unauthorized low passes over the police hut at Githunguri , where another 49 squadron crew was paying a visit . On the third such pass SX984 struck the roof of the hut and a telegraph pole , breaking off part of the wing and some of its nose . It went into a steep climb , stalled and crashed to the ground 8 miles north north west of Kiambu killing five members of the crew and four civilians on the ground . A visiting crew member called Pierson managed to pull the Rear Gunner from the wreckage but he died a few hours later of his injuries . The finding of the Board of Inquiry was that the accident was caused by wilful disobedience of orders and unauthorized low flying . There is a memorial window to the crew and civilians killed in the crash in St Leonard ' s Church , Sandridge in Hertfordshire , UK .
Army Group G The German Army Group G ( " Heeresgruppe G " ) fought on the Western Front of World War II and was a component of OB West . History . When the Allied invasion of Southern France ( Operation Dragoon ) took place , Army Group G had eleven divisions with which to hold France south of the Loire . After the successful Allied invasion of Southern France , on the 17 / 18 of August the German Armed Forces High Command ( OKW ) ordered Army Group G , with the exception of the fortress ports , to abandon southern France . The German LXIV Corps , which had been in charge of troops in the south west since First Army had been withdrawn a few weeks earlier to hold the line on the River Seine southeast of Paris , formed three march groups and withdrew eastward toward Dijon . At the same time the German Nineteenth Army , retreated northward through the Rhône valley toward the Plateau de Langres where it was joined by the German Fifth Panzer Army which was assigned to Army Group G so that a counter - attack could delivered against the United States Third Army . The retreat did not go according to plan , as the Nineteenth Army retreated many personnel of Army Group G were taken prisoner by the Sixth United States Army Group . By the time the retreat was over General Johannes Blaskowitz had lost about half his force and was relieved on 21 September by General Hermann Balck . By mid September the Fifth were in position on the left wing of the German line north of the Swiss border . From there the Fifth Panzer with elements of the First attacked the United States Third Army , while the much reduced German Nineteenth Army opposed the French First Army and the U . S . Seventh Army under General Alexander M . Patch . Army Group G fought in the Vosges Mountains during November 1944 and retreated through Lorraine and north Alsace during December . In late November 1944 , Army Group G temporarily lost responsibility for the German troops in the Colmar Pocket and on the Rhine River south of the Bienwald to the short - lived Army Group Oberrhein . In January 1945 the army group attacked in Operation " Nordwind " , the last big German counter - attack on the Western Front . With the failure of " Nordwind " and the ejection of the Germans from the Colmar Pocket , Army Group Oberrhein was dissolved and Army Group G reassumed responsibility for the defense of southwestern Germany . Unable to halt the offensive by Allied troops that cleared the Rhineland - Palatinate and subsequently assaulted over the Rhine River , Army Group G ' s troops nevertheless fought actions to defend the cities of Heilbronn , Crailsheim , Nuremberg and Munich during April 1945 . Army Group G surrendered to U . S . forces at Haar , in Bavaria , in Germany on May 5 , 1945 .
USS Rabaul ( CVE - 121 ) USS " Rabaul " ( CVE / CVHE / AKV - 21 ) was a United States Navy " Commencement Bay " - class escort aircraft carrier , named for Rabaul , a strategically significant port in the Pacific theater of World War II . " Rabaul " was laid down 2 January 1945 by Todd Pacific Shipyards , Tacoma , Washington , launched 14 June 1945 , sponsored by Alice Schade ( wife of United States Navy naval architect Commodore Henry Adrian " Packy " Schade ) , completed by the Commercial Iron Works , Portland , Oregon , and delivered to the Navy 30 August 1946 . Accepted into the 19th Fleet , ( the Pacific Reserve Fleet ) , " Rabaul " was berthed at Tacoma without seeing any active service . The warship was mothballed there during the early years of the Cold War and served as a mobilization reserve in case of war with the Soviet Union . Reclassified CVHE - 121 in June 1955 , she was transferred to the San Diego Group , Pacific Reserve Fleet in June 1958 and reclassified AKV - 21 in May of the following year . She remained in reserve at San Diego until 1 September 1971 when she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register . " Rabaul " was sold on 25 August 1972 to the Nicolai Joffe Corporation of Beverly Hills , California , for scrapping . Shortly before scrapping , it was used in the closing scenes of the 1973 movie Magnum Force .
Frederick Cushing Cross , Jr . Frederick Cushing Cross , Jr . was born 8 July 1917 in Lunenburg , Massachusetts . Navy career . " Cross " enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve 22 March 1941 , and after aviation training was ordered to a bombing squadron at DeLand , Florida . Awarded the Navy Cross . " Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Cross " was killed in action 7 August 1943 during an engagement with an enemy submarine . Although he was mortally wounded and his plane had a shattered starboard engine , he continued to attack the submarine , then made a perfect water landing , thus saving the lives of his copilot and radio operator . For his outstanding courage and indomitable fighting spirit , " Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Cross " was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . The official Navy citation : Namesake . " Cross " ( DE - 448 ) was named in his honor . She was launched 4 July 1944 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co . , Kearny , New Jersey ; sponsored by Mrs . D . F . Cross , mother of the late " Lieutenant ( junior grade ) Cross " , USNR ; and commissioned 8 January 1945 , Lieutenant H . L . Minshall , Jr . , USNR , in command .
Battle of Kisaki The Battle of Kisaki was a confrontation between German and South Africa forces near the town of Kisaki , German East Africa , on 7 – 8 September 1916 . Background . Paul Emil von Lettow - Vorbeck was appointed the military commander of the German colonial forces known as the Schutztruppe protection force in German East Africa on 13 April 1914 . When World War I broke out in August 1914 , he ignored orders from Berlin and his governor , and seized the initiative to attack the British city of Taveta . After repulsing General Aitken ' s attack on Tanga and Longido in November 1914 , he gathered his forces and supplies and moved to harass the British rail communications in East Africa , helping the German war effort by tying down as much British troops possible in East Africa . Lettow - Vorbeck eventually managed to gather a force of about 12 , 000 soldiers , most of them native Askari , led by a highly motivated officer corps of both German and Askari descent . In 1916 , Lettow - Vorbeck had managed to successfully harass the British Central Railway to Uganda without being forced in an engagement , which he would certainly lose being hopelessly outnumbered . After leaving Dar es Salaam to the British , he withdrew to a position in the easily - defended Uluguru Mountains . Lettow - Vorbeck was planning to make a stand there , allowing his supplies to move south before going there with the main force himself . General Jan Smuts , detached the 3rd Infantry Division , led by Coen Brits and the 1st Mounted Brigade , led by Nussey from the main South African force on the Central Railway and had planned that the mounted division would be available to flank the German forces while the 3rd Infantry division engaged the enemy , but he failed to take the rugged terrain into consideration . The battle . The German " Schutztruppen " prepared defensive positions outside the town of Kisaki . 200 troops were stationed around the town , 1 , 000 were kept as a mobile reserve to the west while another 1 , 000 were kept in reserve on the other side of a mountain . On 7 September 1916 , the 3rd Infantry Division conducted a frontal assault on the defensive positions of the " Schutztruppen " . German Field Artillery and 4 . 1 inch ( 100 mm ) guns , salvaged from the SMS Koenigsberg , blasted the South African formations . The 1st Mounted Brigade attempted to maneuver around the flank and prepared to assault on the German positions . However , the tracherous terrain , and loss of the radio linking them to 3rd Infantry Division , caused them to arrive on 8 September . Lettow - Vorbecks reserve was positioned in a good position to strike the cavalry with guns and rifles and the South Africans were routed . Smuts called off the attack on 11 September and withdrew his forces to the Central Railway . Lettow - Vorbeck had gained some breathing space from the British forces pursuing him , and on 14 September he abandoned Kisaki and marched his forces south to establish a new base at Beho - Beho .
174th Ohio Infantry The 174th Ohio Volunteer Infantry ( or 174th OVI ) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 174th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus , Ohio August 16 through September 21 , 1864 and mustered in for one year service on September 21 , 1864 under the command of Colonel John Sills Jones . The regiment was attached to Post of Murfreesboro , Tennessee , Department of the Cumberland , to October 1864 . District of North Alabama , Department of the Cumberland , to December 1864 . 3rd Brigade , 1st Division , XXIII Corps , Army of the Ohio , to February 1865 , and Department of North Carolina to June 1865 . The 174th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service June 28 , 1865 at Charlotte , North Carolina . Detailed service . Left Ohio for Nashville , Tenn . , September 23 , arriving there September 26 . Moved to Murfreesboro , Tenn . , and duty in the defenses of that city until October 27 . Moved from Murfreesboro to Decatur , Ala . , October 27 . Defense of Decatur October 27 – 29 . Moved to Elk River October 29 ( four companies detached at Athens , Alabama ) . Returned to Decatur November 1 and duty there until November 25 . Moved to Murfreesboro November 25 . Action at Overall ' s Creek December 4 . Siege of Murfreesboro December 5 – 12 . Wilkinson ' s Pike , near Murfreesboro , December 7 . Ordered to Clifton , Tenn . , and duty there until January 17 , 1865 . Movement to Washington , D . C . , January 17 – 29 , and duty there until February 21 . Moved to Fort Fisher , N . C . , February 21 – 23 , to Morehead City February 24 , and to New Berne February 25 . Advance on Kingston and Goldsboro March 6 – 21 . Battle of Wise ' s Forks March 8 – 10 . Occupation of Kinston March 14 , and of Goldsboro March 21 . Advance on Raleigh April 10 – 14 . Occupation of Raleigh April 14 . Bennett ' s House April 26 . Surrender of Johnston and his army . Duty at Raleigh and Charlotte , N . C . , until June . Casualties . The regiment lost a total of 117 men during service ; 1 officer and 21 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded , 1 officer and 94 enlisted men due to disease .
Saddle tank ( submarine ) Saddle tanks are a type of ballast tank configuration fitted to mid - era submarines , those of World War II . Saddle tanks are fitted in pairs external to the pressure hull , one on each side , in a similar manner to that of a horse ' s saddle - bags , the positioning of which they resemble in appearance . Development . The first effective submarines , those of World War I , had hulls that were broadly circular in cross - section , with a deck plate mounted midway . Their heavy battery tanks were mounted beneath this deck , for stability . The ballast tank s were mounted " inside " the pressure hull . For compactness the ballast tanks were wrapped around the batteries , low down and sharing the flat surfaces of the battery tank . The Kingston valve s linking the ballast tanks to the sea could be left open , a practice known as " riding the valves " , and the water level in the tanks controlled solely by the vent and blowing air valves . The drawback was that the ballast tanks , open to sea pressure , had a flat surface to the crew compartment and were thus restricted in strength to the bursting strength of this flat plate . In particular this led to accidents where the boat bottomed safely after an accident , but the excess pressure of ' blowing out ' was sufficient to cause the internal tank wall to fail . A secondary drawback of these internal ballast tanks could be poor sea - keeping when surfaced . With the tanks full of water the submarine was stable , but when emptied , this large buoyant volume low - down led to excessive rolling . This was made worse as early submarines also spent almost all of their time surfaced , and had little freeboard to begin with . The saddle tank was formed by moving the ballast tanks outside of the pressure hull . Early designs raised the weather deck and casing above the pressure hull , producing a ballast tank that wrapped around the upper part of the pressure hull ( diagrams A & B ) . Following the terminology of steam railway locomotives , this was termed a " saddle tank " . Later designs , notably those of the US Fleet submarine s and German U - boat s , placed two separate ballast tanks lower down on the sides of the hull ( diagram C ) . In railway practice this would have been a " pannier tank " , but for submarines the " saddle " label remained . For some time it remained practice to place the main ballast tanks outside the pressure hull , but to keep the smaller auxiliary tanks inside the hull and below the deck . In the US Navy T class submarine s , this tank wall was at least curved to resist pressure . Development after World War II . The tanks themselves are usually streamlined to reduce water resistance and are prominent on many submarine designs produced prior to the end of World War II . Saddle tanks are not fitted to current naval submarine designs as external fittings are discouraged in order to improve underwater speed and reduce hydrodynamic noise detectable by an enemy ' s passive - sonar . For this reason , post - 1945 designs , i . e . post " Albacore " , usually use internal ballast tanks , which are fitted inside the teardrop pressure hull .
HMS Cricket ( 1915 ) HMS Cricket was a Royal Navy Insect class gunboat . She was built by Barclay Curle and launched on 17 December 1915 . During the First World War , " Cricket " took part in the Mesopotamian Campaign as part of the gunboat squadron operating on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers . During the Russian Civil War , " Cricket " served as part of the British intervention forces fighting in support of White Russian forces on the Dvina River during 1919 - 1920 . During the Second World War , " Cricket " was at China until 1940 then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet ' s Inshore Squadron . She was mined in 1942 off Mersa Matruh , Egypt . She was declared a constructive total loss on 30 June 1942 and broken up for spares at Alexandria , Egypt in 1942 . Her hull was towed to Cyprus and used as a target for Royal Air Force training off Dhekelia where the hull is an attraction for scuba divers .
Gustav Klaudat " Vizefeldwebel " Gustav Klaudat was a German World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories . Biography . Gustav Klaudat was born in eastern Prussia . He was serving in a Uhlan regiment during World War I when he transferred to aviation . Although it was customary for German pilots to serve in reconnaissance or artillery direction units as seasoning before becoming fighter pilots , nothing is known of Klaudat before he joined a fighter squadron , " Jagdstaffel 15 " , in 1918 . Klaudat flew a Fokker D . VII painted in the squadron colors of blue tail and red nose . To that he added an overpainted personal marking of a Uhlan lance sporting a black and white banner . On 20 July 1918 , just after his arrival at " Jasta 15 " , Klaudat lent his aircraft to his squadron leader , Rudolph Berthold , who crashed it . Klaudat had to be supplied with another mount ; he received one with a highly prized BMW engine . At 1220 hours on 15 August 1918 , he shot down a Caudron R . 11 over Conecticourt . Two days later , at 1710 hours , it was the turn of a Spad XIII that fell over Beaurains ; it has variously been attributed as being from the 94th Aero Squadron USAS , or as being Jean Bozon - Verduraz . On 21 August 1918 , Klaudat shot down a Breguet 14 south of Chaunay at 1650 hours . A week later , he was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class . On 13 September , Klaudat shot down two Spad XIIIs on two different sorties for victories four and five . On 16 September 1918 , he fought in the dog fight that brought down Maurice Boyau ; Klaudat was credited with shooting down Boyau ' s wingman at midday over St - Hilaire . That was his last victory , although a 1 October combat claim of another Spad XIII would be undecided . On 23 October 1918 , Gustav Klaudat was wounded severely enough in the left humerus , probably by Eddie Rickenbacker , to be removed from action for the remainder of the war .
Treaty of Sablé The Treaty of Sablé ( also known as the Treaty of Verger or the Treaty of Le Verger ) was signed on August 20 , 1488 in Sablé between Duke Francis II of Brittany and Charles VIII of France . Based on the terms of the accord , the Duke of Brittany acknowledged himself as a vassal of the King of France . Moreover , the Duke of Brittany pledged the territories of Saint Malo , Dinan , Fougères and Saint - Aubin - du - Cormier to be controlled by the French crown . Also , Francis promised to remove all foreign troops from his territories , as well as ensure to seek Charles ' s consent before marrying Anne of Brittany . In return , Charles removed his forces from Brittany except in the town garrisons of the territories pledged by Francis . In another aspect of the treaty , the Duke of Brittany was no longer permitted to summon any troops from England .