naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HMS Howe ( 1885 ) HMS " Howe " was an " Admiral " - class battleship of the Royal Navy , the last of the " Admiral " - class to be completed . Along with her sisters , , and , she was a progressive development of the design of . She carried a main armament of four guns , compared to the guns carried in the earlier ship . While the above - water dimensions of " Collingwood " were retained in " Howe " , it was found necessary to increase the draught from to , with a commensurate increase in displacement of some . This meant that when the ship was fully loaded and with full fuel bunkers the armour belt would be virtually completely submerged ; it was assumed that combat would not take place until some significant part of the fuel had been consumed , allowing the belt to rise above the waterline . Guns . The guns of the main armament were mounted in two barbette s , one forward and one aft of the superstructure , and each one carrying a pair of guns . The barbettes were open , without hoods or gunshields , and the guns were fully exposed . The shells fired by these guns weighed , and when fired with a charge of of gunpowder would penetrate of iron at . In later years , a charge of of cordite was substituted for the gunpowder . There were significant delays in the production of the heavy guns for this ship and her sisters , leading to excessively prolonged building times . Even as late as early 1890 , " Howe " only had two of her guns installed . Improvements . When laid down , the torpedo boat was regarded as such a serious threat that many doubted if battleships were a good investment . Exceptional advances during the seven years she was building included the triple expansion steam engine which came into RN use in 1886 , improvements in the structure of armour in 1886 and the appearance of nickel - steel armour , and the development of a quick firing gun which removed the threat from torpedo boats . " Howe " unfortunately lacked these developments and like her Second World War successor , she was — when commissioned — hardly the ultimate naval weapon hoped for when ordered . History . She was delivered at Portsmouth on 15 November 1885 , complete except for her main armament . She was commissioned in July 1889 to take part in fleet manoevres . Finally fully armed , she was posted to the Channel Fleet in May 1890 , and then to the Mediterranean . On 2 November 1892 , she grounded on Ferrol Rock , and was salvaged with great difficulty , being finally freed on 30 March 1893 . She paid off at Chatham for repairs and overhaul , and then served in the Mediterranean until late 1896 , when she became port guard ship at Queenstown . She was paid off at Devonport 12 October 1901 , when Captain Fleet and the crew was transferred to " HMS Empress of India " , which took over as port guard ship at Queenstown . " Howe " was relegated to the reserve , where she remained until sold in 1910 .
2nd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 2nd Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War . Service . The 2nd Iowa Infantry was organized at Keokuk , Iowa and mustered into Federal service on May 27 , 1861 . Among its officers , several would reach the rank of general by the war ' s end . Samuel R . Curtis would become a major general ; James Tuttle and Marcellus M . Crocker would become brigadier generals ; Hiram Scofield , James Weaver , Norton Parker Chipman and Thomas J . McKenny , would become brevet brigadier generals . The 2nd Iowa Infantry Regiment fought throughout the course of the war . The soldiers of the 2nd Iowa Infantry Regiment enlisted for three - year terms , with many soldiers fighting until the end of the war . Samuel Curtis was a leader in this unit . Highlights of the service of this regiment include distinguished actions at the Battle of Fort Donelson and at the Battle of Shiloh , where about 80 members of the regiment were casualties , either dead or wounded . The regiment fought in the subsequent Battle of Corinth and later in the Atlanta Campaign , including at the Battle of Atlanta , continuing on to South Carolina and to Goldsboro , North Carolina , in the Carolinas Campaign . With the surrender of the Confederate States Army under Joseph E . Johnston , the 2nd Iowa traveled to Washington , D . C . , for the Grand Review of the Armies of the Union on May 23 – 24 , 1865 . The regiment was mustered out on July 12 , 1865 and discharged at Davenport , Iowa on July 20 , 1865 . Total strength and casualties . Strength of unit was 1433 . The regiment suffered 12 officers and 108 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 4 officers and 159 enlisted men who died of disease , for a total of 283 fatalities . 312 soldiers were wounded .
Thomas Warne - Browne Air Marshal Sir Thomas Arthur Warne - Browne KBE CB DSC ( 21 July 1898 – 13 October 1962 ) was a senior Royal Air Force officer who became Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief RAF Maintenance Command . RAF career . Warne - Browne served with the Royal Naval Air Service and Royal Air Force in World War I being awarded the DFC for a reconnaissance over Bruges and Blankenberge under heavy anti - aircraft fire in March 1918 . He was appointed Officer Commanding No . 22 Squadron in 1934 and a Squadron Commander at No . 1 Flying Training School in 1936 . Later that year he became Senior Engineering Officer at RAF Gosport . He also served in World War II as Senior Engineer Staff Officer at Headquarters RAF Coastal Command from 1942 until the end of the War . After the War he became Air Officer Commanding No . 43 Group and then joined the Senior Technical Staff Officer at RAF Mediterranean and Middle East in 1947 before becoming Air Officer Commanding - in - Chief at RAF Maintenance Command in 1949 and retiring in 1953 . He lived at Chilbolton near Stockbridge in Hampshire .
Edwin A . Loberg Edwin A . Loberg was a Colonel in the United States Air Force . Biography . A native of Tigerton , Wisconsin , Loberg was born on February 20 , 1915 . He graduated from what is now the University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point and would marry June Madsen and would have 3 sons , 2 grand daughters . Loberg died on February 28 , 2004 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . Loberg first joined the United States Army Air Corps in 1941 . After being commissioned an officer , he was assigned to the 26th Bombardment Squadron based at Hickam Field where he survived the Attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 . During World War II he would pilot the Boeing B - 17 Flying Fortress and the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress . On October 23 , 1942 , Loberg engaged in a 45 - minute long dogfight against a Japan ese Kawanishi H6K that was attacking a U . S . Navy patrol boat . As it is highly unusual for a bomber to engage in such action , the event garnered much attention and was featured in a book written by Ira Wolfert and was the subject of a painting entitled " An Interesting Dog Fight " by artist Stan Stokes . On June 15 , 1944 , Lt . Col . Loberg piloted the first plane over Yawata , Japan , flying " Pathfinder " for the entire mission . This mission was the first land - based plane bombing of the homeland of the Japanese Empire , and the first raid since the Doolittle Raid in April 1944 . During the Korean War Loberg served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the War Planning Room of Strategic Air Command . Later assignments included serving at The Pentagon and as Chief of Staff of Bolling Air Force Base . He retired in 1968 . Awards he received include the Silver Star , the Distinguished Flying Cross , and the Air Medal .
SS Castillo de Olite The Castillo de Olite was a merchant steamship , which was sunk by the coastal defense batteries of Cartagena in the last days of the Spanish Civil War , while transporting 2 , 112 Spanish Nationalist troops . History . This ship was built in 1921 by Rotterdam Droog in the Netherlands . Her first name between 1921 and 1929 was " Zaandijk " , and she served as a merchant ship in the Dutch company " Solleveld Van der Meer & T . H . Van Hattum " , transporting goods to Java and Sumatra . The ship was sold and renamed " Akedemik Paulo " between 1929 and 1932 , and then resold to " Nederlandsch Lloyd " , which renamed it to " Zwaterwater " , where she served between 1932 and 1936 . In 1936 she was sold to the Soviet Union , where she was renamed " Postishev " in honor of a Ukrainian communist politician , Pavel Postyshev . On 31 May 1938 , she was seized in the Strait of Gibraltar by the Nationalist auxiliary cruiser " Vicente Puchol " , while transporting a shipment of coal . She was incorporated in the Nationalist Spanish Navy as the " Castillo de Olite " , and armed with a 120 mm Vickers gun and a 57 mm Nordenfeldt gun . Sinking . In the last days of the Spanish Civil War , Cartagena was one of the last Republican strongholds , which still harboured the bulk of the Republican fleet . When an anti - communist rebellion broke out , the Nationalists decided to send reinforcements , because the conquest of Cartagena and the capture of the Republican fleet would certainly bring the end of the war much closer . The Nationalists sent from Castellón and Málaga a convoy of 16 ships , containing more than 20 , 000 troops , with less than 48 hours preparation . The convoy was composed by the Júpiter class minelayer s " Júpiter " , " Marte " and " Vulcano " , the auxiliary cruisers " Lázaro " , " Jaime I " , " Domine " and " J . J . Sister " and the transports " Castillo de Olite " , " San Sebastián " , " Castillo Peñafiel " , " Gibraltar " , " Monforte " , " Mombeltrán " , " Huertas " , " Montealegre " and " Simancas " . The Republican fleet effectively left Cartagena for Oran , in Algeria , but the Republican Brigade 206 had retaken the port and its coastal defense batteries , thus preventing the Nationalist landing . The Nationalist ships retreated , except for the " Castillo de Olite " , which had not received the order to withdraw , because her radio was out of order . While approaching the docks , she was hit by three 381mm rounds from a coastal battery and sank shortly afterwards , broken in two . Of the 2 , 112 men on board , 1 , 476 died , 342 were wounded and 294 were taken prisoner , after being rescued by local fishermen and the lighthouse keeper , Santiago Saavedra , and his wife , Carmen Hevia . This was the greatest loss of life from the sinking of a single ship in Spanish history . References . Fernández , Carlos ( 1999 ) . " Casi un crimen : el Castillo de Olite " . " La Aventura de la Historia " magazine , issue # 10 .
French ship Languedoc ( 1766 ) The Languedoc was a ship of the line of the French Navy and flagship of Admiral d ' Estaing . She was offered to King Louis XV by the Languedoc , as part of the " Don des vaisseaux " , a national effort to rebuild the navy after the Seven Years ' War . She was designed by the naval architect Joseph Coulomb , and funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Languedoc . Career . Ordered in Toulon , " Languedoc " took several years to complete due to a lack of timber in the shipyard , already busy building " Zélé " and " Bourgogne " , and with the orders of " Marseillois " and " Provence " in queue . In 1776 , France decided to intervene in the American War of Independence . Admiral d ' Estaing was ordered to bring the fleet to the Americas . He set his flag on the " Languedoc " , after her upgrade to 90 guns . His 12 - ship fleet set sail on the 18 April 1778 . The fleet reached New York on 8 July 1778 , and " Languedoc " landed the French " chargé d ' affaires " . On the 10th of August , the French fleet encountered the English fleets of Admirals Howe and Byron . A tempest broke out , and the " Languedoc " lost her rigging and steering . The 50 - gun " Renown " raked her , but she was saved by the timely arrival of a French squadron led by Suffren . The " Languedoc " took part in the Battle of St . Lucia , an abortive attempt to recapture St Lucia from the British in December 1778 . The " Languedoc " then took part in the conquest of Grenada , in July 1779 . The " Languedoc " returned to France , where she was refitted . In 1781 , she set sail in the fleet of Admiral de Grasse , under captain d ' Argelos . She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake . At the Battle of the Saintes , the " Languedoc " was following the flagship " Ville de Paris " . The French fleet was parted in two , and the " Languedoc " eventually fled the battle , leaving de Grasse to be captured . The " Languedoc " then joined with La Pérouse , and reached Brest on the 28 June 1783 . Argelos was tried for his conduct at the Saintes and found innocent , de Grasse being found ultimately responsible . The " Languedoc " was refitted and upgraded by engineer Jacques - Noël Sané . On the 5 September 1792 , she set sail under Admiral de Latouche Tréville . She took part in the capaign off Italy , and was badly damaged in the tempests of December . On the 7 February , she took part in the landing of troops in Sardinia . She sailed back to Toulon and undertook extensive repairs . Toulon fell to the hands of the English and was retaken by the French . The " Languedoc " , being deemed unusable , was not destroyed when the English left the city . She was renamed " Antifédéraliste " at the height of Robespierre ' s power , and renamed again to " Victoire " at the Thermidorian Reaction . As " Victoire " , under captain Savary , she took part in the campaign off Italy , where she confronted Nelson ' s squadron . She served off Canada in 1796 , returned to France , and was deemed too old to take part in the landing in Ireland . She was used as a floating barracks off Venice , where she was been scuttled .
T - AB - 1 AT mine The T - AB - 1 is a rectangular plastic cased Brazilian anti - tank blast mine . The mine uses a T - AB - 1 anti - personnel mine as a fuze . The AP mine is inserted into the body of the AT mine under a large stiff ABS plastic pressure plate . The pressure plate is fastened in place by a number of shear pin s , which are designed to give way under a pressure of 200 kg . The AP mine under the pressure plate is then triggered , triggering the mine ' s main charge . The mine is waterproof and can be laid in water up to 1 . 2 meters deep . It is shock - resistant and can be laid as close as two meters apart without causing sympathetic detonation . The status of the mine is unclear ; all operational stocks of the AP mine used as the trigger for the mine have been destroyed , and all production of mines ceased in 1989 . The mine is still available for use in Ecuador .
HMS Charles ( 1668 ) HMS " Charles " was a 96 - gun first - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , built by Christopher Pett at Deptford Dockyard until his death in March 1668 , then completed by Jonas Shish after being launched in the same month . Her name was formally " Charles the Second " , but she was known simply as " Charles " , particularly after 1673 when the contemporary " Royal Charles " was launched . The " Charles " was renamed HMS " St George " in 1687 and reclassified as a second rate in 1691 . In 1699 - 1701 she was rebuilt at Portsmouth Dockyard as a 90 - gun second rate . In 1707 , she belonged to Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell ' s fleet . Under the command of Captain James Lord Dursley , she saw action during the unsuccessful Battle of Toulon and was present during the great naval disaster off the Isles of Scilly when Shovell and four of his ships ( " Association " , " Firebrand " , " Romney " and " Eagle " ) were lost , claiming the lives of nearly 2 , 000 sailors . " St George " also struck rocks off Scilly , but managed to get off . The " St George " was taken to pieces at Portsmouth in 1726 to be rebuilt again . On 4 September 1733 , " St George " was ordered to be rebuilt to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment . She was relaunched on 3 April 1740 . She was eventually broken up in September 1774 .
Air Intelligence Officer An air intelligence officer serves to collect information about air operations and assist in the direction of their execution for maximum effect . The evaluation of target damage is an essential task of the air intelligence officer , who is expected to use a variety of technologies to acquire , analyze , and assess information regarding the effects of air operations and the potential results of future operations . The air intelligence office typically serves as the G - 2 officer ( the staff officer responsible for intelligence ) in a particular command staff , however such an officer may also serve as G - 3 officer ( operations and plans ) where their role will be more focused on the direction of air operations than on the collection and analysis of intelligence . From a 1978 report on the training of US Army air intelligence officers :
Fritz Pütter " Leutnant " Fritz Pütter ( 14 January 1895 - 10 August 1918 ) " Pour le Mérite " , Iron Cross , was a German World War I ace fighter pilot credited with victories over eight enemy observation balloons and 17 airplanes . Early life and infantry service . Fritz Pütter was born in the Rhineland , the son of Franz Pütter , who was the royal rentmeister . Fritz Pütter was schooled in the " Realgymnasium " ( i . e . , municipal school ) of Münster . He moved on to study chemistry at university . When World War I began , Pütter volunteered for service on 24 August 1914 . He became a member of a machine gun company and served on the Eastern Front until May 1915 . He then underwent officer training and was commissioned on 12 October 1915 . He was assigned to Infantry Regiment Nr . 370 , and took part in the fighting at Flirey , in France , on the Western Front . Flying Duties . On 20 May 1916 , Pütter began pilot training ; this he completed on 9 December 1916 and he was posted to " Flieger - Abteilung 251 " , flying reconnaissance missions between Reims and Verdun in support of the 3rd Army . As was customary in German aviation , his diligence was rewarded with a transfer to flying fighter aircraft . He was assigned to the Royal Prussian " Jagdstaffel 9 " on 7 March 1917 . Hartmuth Baldamus and Hermann Pffeifer , who were already in the squadron , mentored him . Pütter scored his first victory in Bloody April , 1917 , shooting down an observation balloon in flames on the 14th . On the same mission , his friend Baldamus was killed in action . Pütter followed - up this initial success by shooting down four more observation balloons , including two in a single minute on 1 November ; he became the second of only ten men to start his career by becoming an ace on balloons . By 27 January 1918 , Pütter ' s victory log showed seven balloons and three enemy fighters , he had become an " Überkanone " , ( the German designation for an ace ) . Pütter was transferred to command " Jagdstaffel 68 " on 3 February 1918 . He scored his first victory leading his new unit on 18 March . By the end of that month , he was a triple ace , with 15 kills . April brought another six and May four more . On 30 May , he received Germany ' s highest award for valor , the " Pour le Mérite " . On 16 July 1918 , he was flying a mission with incendiary ammunition aboard his plane . It self - combusted , setting plane and pilot on fire . Pütter managed to land the burning plane and he was rushed to the University Clinic in Bonn . On 10 August , he succumbed to his wounds . Fritz Pütter was buried in the main cemetery in Münster . A street is also named after him there .
Augustus Kilty Rear Admiral Augustus Henry Kilty ( November 25 , 1807 – November 10 , 1879 ) was a United States Navy officer who served during the Civil War . Biography . Born at Annapolis , Maryland , Kilty was appointed midshipman on July 4 , 1821 . He served in the frigate in the West India Squadron from 1827 , then in the frigate in the Brazil Squadron from 1829 . Kilty was promoted to passed midshipman on April 28 , 1832 , and served aboard the schooner in the West India Squadron in 1832 - 34 . He was commissioned as a lieutenant on September 6 , 1837 , and served on the sloop in the East India Squadron , taking part in Commodore George Reid ' s operations in defense of American merchantmen at Quallah Batto in 1839 . He then served on the frigates and in the Mediterranean Squadron between 1843 and 1848 . In 1850 he was stationed on the receiving ship at New York , and was at Baltimore a year later , returning to New York in 1855 . Kilty was simultaneously promoted to commander on September 14 , 1855 , and placed on the Reserve List . Kilty returned to the Active List on January 6 , 1859 , and was stationed in Baltimore in 1860 as a recruiting officer . From 1861 Kilty commanded the ironclad gunboat of the Mississippi Flotilla , and saw action at Island No . 10 and Fort Pillow . He commanded an expedition to White River , Arkansas , and during the operation , on June 17 , 1862 , was severely wounded , causing the loss of his left arm . Kilty received his commission as a captain on July 16 , 1862 , and spent the years 1863 - 64 on ordnance duty . He commanded the ironclad frigate in the North Atlantic Squadron from 1864 – 65 , and was promoted to commodore on July 25 , 1866 , and served as the Commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard . Kilty was placed on the Retired List on November 25 , 1868 , and received promotion to rear admiral on July 13 , 1870 . He died on November 10 , 1879 . Namesake . The destroyer , launched in April 1918 , was named in his honor .
Sieges of Stirling Castle There have been at least sixteen sieges of Stirling Castle , a strategically important fortification in Stirling , Scotland . Stirling is located at the crossing of the River Forth , making it a key location for access to the north of Scotland . The castle changed hands several times between English and Scottish control during the Wars of Scottish Independence ( 1296 – 1357 ) . In 1299 , the castle was in English hands , when the constable , John Sampson , was besieged by the Scots . In 1304 , Edward I of England besieged the Scots , deploying siege engines to force the garrison to surrender . In 1337 , a siege by Sir Andrew Murray failed to retake the castle . Between 1571 and 1585 , the castle was besieged three times by Scots factions during the reign of James VI . In 1651 , Oliver Cromwell captured the castle during his invasion of Scotland . The final siege took place in 1746 , when Charles Edward Stuart besieged the castle during the final Jacobite Rising . Siege of 1304 . After the defeat of William Wallace ' s Scots army at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298 , it took Edward I six years to gain full control of Scotland . The last stronghold of resistance to English rule was Stirling Castle . Armed with twelve siege engine s , the English laid siege to the castle in April 1304 . For four months the castle was bombarded by lead balls ( stripped from nearby church roofs ) , Greek fire , stone balls , and even some sort of gunpowder mixture . Impatient with lack of progress , Edward ordered his chief engineer , Master James of St . George , to begin work on a new , more massive engine called Warwolf ( a trebuchet ) . The castle ' s garrison of 30 , led by William Oliphant , eventually were allowed to surrender on 20 July after Edward had previously refused to accept surrender until the Warwolf had been tested . Despite previous threats , Edward spared all the Scots in the garrison and executed only one Englishman who had previously given over the castle to the Scots . Sir William Oliphant was imprisoned in the Tower of London .