naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
War Resisters League The War Resisters League ( WRL ) was formed in 1923 by men and women who had opposed World War I . It is a section of the London - based War Resisters ' International . Many of the organization ' s founders had been jailed during World War I for refusing military service . From the Fellowship of Reconciliation many Jews , suffragists , socialists , and anarchists separated to form this more secular organization . Although the WRL was opposed to US participation in World War II , it did not protest against it ; the WRL complied with the Espionage Act , ceased public protests , and did not solicit new members during this period . During World War II , many members were imprisoned as conscientious objectors . In the 1950s , WRL members worked in the US civil rights movement and organized protests against nuclear weapon s testing and civil defense drills . In the 1960s , WRL was the first pacifist organization to call for an end to the Vietnam War . The organization ' s opposition to nuclear weapons was extended to include nuclear power in the 1970s and 1980s . The WRL has also been active in feminist and anti - racist causes and works with other organizations to reduce the level of violence in modern culture . Current activities . Presently , the War Resisters League is actively organizing against the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as the impact of war at home . Much of its organizing is focused on challenging military recruiters and ending corporate profit from war . It publishes an annual peace calendar , the quarterly magazine " WIN : Through Revolutionary Nonviolence " , and other materials and is involved in a number of national peace and justice coalitions , including United for Peace and Justice and the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee . Since 1958 , WRL has awarded almost annually the War Resisters League Peace Award to a person or organization whose work represents the League ' s radical nonviolent program of action . The War Resisters League annually publishes a pie chart showing how much of the U . S . federal budget actually covers current and past military expenses , listing the total as 54 % : These figures are at odds with official government figures : Further reading . Bennett , Scott H . " Radical Pacifism : The War Resisters League and Gandhian Nonviolence in America , 1915 - 1963 " NY : Syracuse Univ . Press , 2003 .
Eric Clifford Vice Admiral Sir Eric George Anderson Clifford KCB CBE ( 1900 – 1964 ) was a Royal Navy officer who became Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff . Naval career . Clifford served in World War I in the battleship s HMS " Iron Duke " and HMS " Colossus " and then specialised in navigation . He was appointed Fleet Navigating Officer , for the China Station in 1938 . He served in World War II as Commanding Officer of the destroyer s HMS " Mackay " and HMS " Salisbury " and then as Naval Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet from 1941 to 1943 . In the closing stages of the War he commanded the cruiser HMS " Diadem " . After the War he became Chief of Staff in Hong Kong and then was given command of the Navigation School in 1947 . He went on to command the aircraft carrier in 1949 before becoming Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1951 and Flag Officer commanding the 5th Cruiser Squadron and Flag Officer Second in Command for the Far East Station in 1952 in which role he saw action during the Korean War . He was made Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff and a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty in 1954 ; he retired in 1957 .
Joseph B . Kershaw Joseph Brevard Kershaw ( January 5 , 1822 – April 13 , 1894 ) was a lawyer , judge , and a Confederate general in the American Civil War . Early life . Kershaw was born at Camden , South Carolina , admitted to the bar in 1843 , and was a member of the South Carolina Senate from 1852 to 1856 . Kershaw saw battle during the Mexican - American War , but fell dangerously sick and was permitted to return home . Civil War . At the start of the Civil War Kershaw commanded the 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry regiment and took part in the First Battle of Bull Run . The 2nd South Carolina was present at Morris Island during the Fort Sumter incident . He was commissioned brigadier general on February 13 , 1862 , and commanded a brigade in Robert E . Lee ' s Army of Northern Virginia during the Peninsula Campaign , at the close of which he continued with Lee and took part in the Northern Virginia Campaign and Maryland Campaign . Towards the end of the Battle of Fredericksburg , he succeeded Brig . Gen . T . R . R . Cobb , upon the latter ' s death , and repulsed the last two attacks made by the Federals on Marye ' s Heights . The next year he was engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg and then was transferred with Lt . Gen . James Longstreet ' s corps to the West , where he took part in the charge that destroyed the Federal right wing at Chickamauga . After the relief of McLaws following the battle of Knoxville Kershaw was given the command of the division . When Longstreet returned to Virginia , he commanded a division in the battles of the Wilderness , Spotsylvania Court House , and Cold Harbor , and was engaged in the Shenandoah campaign of 1864 against Maj . Gen . Philip Sheridan . After the evacuation of Richmond , his troops formed part of Lt . Gen . Richard S . Ewell ' s corps , which was captured at the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek , April 6 , 1865 . Postbellum career . At the close of the war he returned to South Carolina and in 1865 was chosen president of the State Senate . He was judge of the Circuit Court from 1877 to 1893 . In 1894 he was appointed postmaster of Camden , an office that he held until his death in the same year . He died in Camden and is buried there in the Quaker Cemetery . References . This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gilman , D . C . ; Thurston , H . T . ; Moore , F . , eds . ( 1905 ) . " Kershaw , Joseph Brevard ( 1822 – 1894 ) " , Volume 11 , p . 462 . New International Encyclopedia ( 1st ed . ) . New York : Dodd , Mead .
Franklin C . Sibert Franklin Cummings Sibert ( January 3 , 1891 – June 24 , 1980 ) was a United States Army general . During World War II , Sibert was originally the commander of the 6th Infantry Division but was promoted to command the X Corps of General Walter Krueger ' s US Sixth Army . His Corps took part in the landing operations of the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines . Early years . Franklin Cummings Sibert was born on January 3 , 1891 in Bowling Green , Kentucky as a son of future Major general , William L . Sibert and his wife Mary Margaret Cummings . He attended the United States Military Academy and graduated on June 12 , 1912 . He was commissioned a Second lieutenant in the infantry on the same date . One year later , Sibert married Helen Mildred Rogers on March 4 , 1913 . During World War I , Sibert served with American Expeditionary Force in France and subsequently with the allied occupation forces in Germany . After the War , Sibert attended the Infantry School at Fort Benning in 1924 , the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in 1925 and Army War College in 1929 . In 1934 , Sibert served as a Battalion Commanding officer in the 29th Infantry Regiment and subsequently served in the various infantry positions at Fort Benning or as the Member of the Infantry Board . World War II . In 1939 , Sibert spent some time in Michigan as a Commanding officer of Fort Wayne or Camp Custer . In September 1941 Sibert was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and was appointed to the staff of Lieutenant general Joseph W . Stilwell , Commander of the U . S . Forces in China - Burma - India Theater . Sibert accompanied Stillwell in the retreat from Burma in 1942 . Sibert was then appointed the Commanding officer of the 6th Infantry Division . He replaced major general Durward S . Wilson in this capacity . He was also promoted to the rank of Major General on March 11 , 1942 . He participated in the New Guinea and Philippines campaigns .
USS Boxer ( 1832 ) USS " Boxer " of the United States Navy was a 10 - gun schooner , launched on 22 November 1831 by the Boston Navy Yard , and commissioned sometime in 1832 , with Lt . Benjamin Payne in command . Service history . Her first mission was to Liberia , with orders to join the " Peacock " off the coast of Brazil and both to proceed to the Pacific in support of the frigate " Potomac " on the first Sumatran Expedition to suppress piracy in the East Indies ; the ships fail to rendezvous until 5 June 1834 , in the unhealthy road stead of Batavia . In 1832 and in 1834 returned to join the West Indies Squadron . In 1835 , she began a two - year tour of duty on the Pacific Station . After a period laid up undergoing repairs " Boxer " resumed duty on the Pacific Station from 1838 to 1840 . Following two years apparently spent laid up , the schooner went to sea with the Home Squadron between 1842 and 1844 . In 1846 , " Boxer " was posted to the Africa Squadron , the primary mission of which was the suppression of the slave trade . That assignment lasted until the summer of 1848 when she returned to the United States . " Boxer " was sold at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 7 August 1848 .
LARC - LX LARC - LX ( Lighter , Amphibious Resupply , Cargo , 60 ton ) , or as it was originally designated BARC ( Barge , Amphibious Resupply , Cargo ) is a welded steel hulled amphibious cargo vehicle . It could carry up to 100 tons of cargo or 200 people , but a more typical load was 60 tons of cargo or 120 people . The vehicle was powered by four GMC diesel engines positioned in the sides of the hull , each of which drove one wheel on land . Pairs of engines were coupled to drive each of the two diameter propellers , which propelled the vehicle in the water . Its top speed was on land , or afloat . The operator occupied a small cab on the port side at the aft end of the vehicle . The LARC - LX was used to transport wheeled and tracked vehicles , including beach preparation equipment and general cargo , from ship - to - shore or to inland transfer points . It was also capable of transporting shipping containers , which could be landed from the LARC either by crane , straddle carriers , or rollers . It was the only amphibious vehicle in U . S . Army service capable of landing on a beach through surf . Typically , the LARC - LX was carried as deck cargo on a commercial vessel or heavy lift ship to be transported overseas . Service . The first BARC had its maiden voyage in 1952 at Fort Lawton , Washington . The designated was changed from BARC to LARC in 1960 . The LARCS first saw active service in 1967 when they were dispatched to Vietnam to support the 101st Airborne Division , and in 1968 the 1st Cavalry Division . The last amphibious company in the U . S . Army , the 309th Transportation ( LARC LX ) Company , 11th Transportation Battalion , was deactivated on 15 October 2001 .
Ashikaga Yoshihisa Since the almost 30 - year - old shogun Yoshimasa had no heir by 1464 , he adopted his younger brother Ashikaga Yoshimi in order to succeed him . However , Yoshihisa was born in the next year starting a struggle for succession between brothers that erupted into the Ōnin War starting in 1467 , beginning the Sengoku period of Japanese history . In the middle of hostilities , Yoshimasa retired in 1473 , relinquishing the position of " Seii Taishogun " to Yoshihisa . Events of Yoshihisa ' s " bakufu " . Significant events shape the period during which Yoshihisa was shogun : After the Ōnin war , Rokkaku Takayori , daimyo of southern Omi province , seized land and manors owned by nobles of the imperial court , temples , and shrines . In 1487 , Yoshihisa led a campaign ( " Rokkaku Tobatsu " ) against Takayori but died unexpectedly , leaving no heir . Yoshihisa was followed by his cousin , tenth shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane , the following year . Eras of Yoshihisa ' s " bakufu " . The years in which Yoshihisa was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or " nengō " .
XXII Corps ( United Kingdom ) The British XXII Corps was a British infantry corps during World War I . History . British XXII Corps was formed in France in December 1917 from what was left of II ANZAC once the Australian divisions had left to form the Australian Corps . In July 1918 , significantly reconstituted as an inter - Allied reserve corps by the addition of four first - line British Army divisions , the 15th ( Scottish ) Division , the 34th Division , the 51st ( Highland ) Division and the 62nd ( West Riding ) Division , it was placed under French command during the Second Battle of the Marne . The Corps played an important role in attempts to " pinch - off " the Soissons - Rheims salient established in late May 1918 by the German offensive in the Third Battle of the Aisne . Two divisions ( 15th , 34th ) went into action with the French Tenth Army ( Mangin ) against the Soissons " hinge " , two ( 51st , 62nd ) in the Ardre valley with the French Fifth Army ( Berthelot ) against the Rheims " hinge " . General Officers Commanding . Commanders included :
Caledonia - class ship of the line The " Caledonia " - class ships of the line were a class of nine 120 - gun first rate s , designed for the Royal Navy by Sir William Rule . A tenth ship ( " Royal Frederick " ) was ordered on 29 October 1827 to the same design , but was launched in 1833 as the " Queen " to a fresh design by Sir William Symonds . The armament remained the same for the first three ships of the class , with the exception of an increase in firepower on the poop deck from 2 to 6 18 - pdr carronades . The armament for the fourth ship was significantly modified , with two of the 32 - pdrs on the main gun deck being replaced with 68 - pdr carronade s , all guns on the middle and upper gun decks being replaced with the same number of 32 - pdrs , four of the 12 - pdr guns on the quarterdeck were replaced with 32 - pdr carronades , and the remaining two were increased to 18 - pdrs , along with the two 12 - pdrs on the forecastle , and the carronades on the poop deck were removed . The remaining five ships were built to a slightly broadened version of the draught , and this sub - class was armed in the same way as the last of the standard " Caledonia " s , . Except for the " Caledonia " herself , all these ships were converted into steam - powered screw battleships during the 1850s . Ships . Standard group . < / div > Broadened group . < / div >
Laches ( general ) Laches ( " Gr . Λάχης " ) ( c . 475 BCE – 418 BCE ) was an Athenian aristocrat ( son of Melanopos ) and general during the Peloponnesian War . Life . His date of birth is unknown , but Plato asserts , not implausibly , that he was distinctly older than Socrates , who was born around 470 BCE . In 427 BCE , Laches and Charoeades were sent to Sicily with a fleet of 20 ships in order to support Athenian allies against Syracuse . When Charoeades died in 426 BCE , Laches took over the supreme command of the fleet and forced the cities of Mylae and Messana to yield . However , due to the annual reappointment of generals , at the beginning of 425 BCE he was replaced by Pythodoros as supreme commander . The first Athenian expedition to Sicily ended badly . Upon Laches ' return to Athens he was prosecuted by Cleon , but was acquitted of any wrongdoing . His trial was satirized by Aristophanes in his play " The Wasps " , which is actually the main source for its historicity . In 423 BCE , Laches successfully moved for an armistice with Sparta in the Athenian Assembly . However , it only lasted a year . But after Cleon died in 422 BCE , Laches , together with Nicias , was able to negotiate a slightly longer peace , the Peace of Nicias . In 418 BCE the peace broke down because of Athens ’ s support for Spartan rebels . Laches was again appointed general and was killed in the Athenian ’ s disastrous defeat at the Battle of Mantinea . The Platonic dialogue " Laches " features Laches as a stereotypical conservative general . Others named Laches . Laches was a quite common name at Athens ; the archon of 400 / 399 BCE , the year of Socrates ' execution , was another Laches . Kirchner ' s " Prosopographia Attica " lists eighteen men of the name of Laches , including the general ' s son , grandson , and great - grandson , who appear in Demosthenes ' speech against Timocrates and in his letters . There was also another Laches , son of Demochares , who was Demosthenes ' cousin and brother - in - law , but he was of another deme and family . There was also a captain at the battle of Coronea ( 394 BCE ) ; and an Athenian commander who fought ( and lost to ) Epaminondas in 364 BCE .
Deng Ai Deng Ai ( 197 - 264 ) , Shizai , was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period . It was said that whenever he saw a hill or wide valley , he would immediately size up the best places to store grain and position troops . His talent was recognized by Sima Yi , who recommended him to take up greater appointments . Deng Ai also defended Wei from attacks led by Jiang Wei of the rival state of Shu Han . During these attacks , he had seemingly mastered the late Zhuge Liang ' s strategies , and was said to have made maps in his free time . In 257 , along with his rival Zhong Hui , he defeated Jiang Wei at Duan Valley , using his maps to launch an ambush against Jiang Wei . In 263 , Deng Ai took part in the campaign against Shu with Zhong Hui . Jiang Wei fended them off somewhere south of Hanzhong . Deng Ai suggested to pass troops through Yinping ( 陰平 ) but Zhong Hui rejected the idea . Deng Ai then carried out his own plan with his son Deng Zhong and troops and it turned out to be a great success . They eventually managed to enter Chengdu , and the Shu emperor Liu Shan surrendered . Zhong Hui and Deng Ai became fierce rivals due to the race to Chengdu , which Deng Ai won . Jiang Wei , however , did not want Shu to fall . He determined that Zhong Hui wanted to rebel against Wei . They united , defamed Deng Ai , and ordered Wei Guan to capture him . Jiang Wei ' s plan failed and the Wei army killed Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei . These soldiers tried to rescue Deng Ai , but Wei Guan feared that they might take vengeance on him so he killed both Deng Ai and Deng Zhong . Deng Ai , prior to his appointment , was often harassed because of his stuttering problem , a fault which he used to his advantage in speaking with his superiors , who often regarded his curious stuttering as jokes or witty expressions . Modern references . Deng Ai is first introduced as a playable character in the seventh installment of Koei ' s " Dynasty Warriors " video game series . In the game , he is erroneously portrayed as an officer of Eastern Jin , although he died a year before it was founded .
Lochnaw Castle Lochnaw Castle is a 16th Century tower house five miles from the town of Stranraer , in Leswalt , Rhinns , Wigtownshire , Dumfries and Galloway . The spectacularly located " castle " incorporates a fortalice torhous . The " central " square tower 5 stories high formed part of the " New " Castle . Lochnaw Castle shows four periods of construction - a simple 16th century keep , 17th and 18th century domestic dwellings , and a mansion - house , which was later demolished . There is a plaque bearing the date 1486 , on the SE wall of the keep . A chapel , built in 1704 , was demolished c . 1953 . An earlier , ruined castle stands on an island in the nearby Lochnaw Loch . A royal castle , this was given to the Agnews in 1363 , but was sacked by Archiblad The Grim , 3rd Earl of Douglas in 1390 , and subsequently dismantled . Refer The Agnews held the new castle till the end of the 19th century . The castle , located by the loch , is occupied as a private residence .
List of astronauts educated at the United States Naval Academy Over 50 United States astronauts have graduated from the United States Naval Academy ( USNA ) , more than from any other undergraduate institution . The Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis , Maryland with the mission of educating and commissioning officers for the United States Navy and Marine Corps . The Academy is often referred to as Annapolis . Sports media refer to the Academy as " Navy " and the students as " Midshipmen " ; this usage is officially endorsed . During the latter half of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th , the United States Naval Academy was the primary source of U . S . Navy and Marine Corps officers , with the Class of 1881 being the first to provide officers to the Marine Corps . Graduates of the Academy are also given the option of entering the United States Army or United States Air Force . Most Midshipmen are admitted through the congressional appointment system . The curriculum emphasizes various fields of engineering . Annapolis graduates who enter aviation and space - related fields have the opportunity to be selected for astronaut training by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) . This list is drawn from graduates of the Naval Academy who became astronauts . The Academy was founded in 1845 and graduated its first class in 1846 . The first alumnus to fly as an astronaut was Alan Shepard , class of 1945 . As of March 2009 , the most recent alumni to become an astronaut was Christopher Cassidy , class of 1993 . Two alumni were part of Project Mercury , three part of Project Gemini , seven part of the Apollo program , three have walked on the moon , one was part of the Apollo - Soyuz Test Project , and forty - two were part of the Space Shuttle program . In addition to the 52 astronauts who are alumni of the Academy , over 990 noted scholars from a variety of academic fields are Academy graduates , including 45 Rhodes Scholars and 16 Marshall Scholars . Additional notable graduates include 1 President of the United States , 2 Nobel Prize recipients , and 73 Medal of Honor recipients .
Çimpe Castle Çimpe Castle ( , " Cinbi " ; , " Tzympē " ) was a medieval fortification on the Gallipoli peninsula in modern Turkey . Its site is located along the Istanbul Caddesi between Bolayir and Gallipoli , commanding the narrowest point on the peninsula . Erected by the Byzantines as Tzympe , Çimpe Castle was traditionally held to have fallen in a moonlight attack to Suleyman Pasha and 39 of his chosen guard in 1356 . However , modern scholarship holds that it was granted to the Ottoman Turk s by the Byzantine emperor John Kantakouzenos around 1352 for their use during his war against his erstwhile charge and co - emperor John Palaiologos . A major earthquake in 1354 then permitted Suleyman ' s forces to move from Çimpe to the far more important stronghold of Kallipolis ( Gallipoli , modern Gelibolu ) , which they quickly rebuilt and fortified . Although the medieval castle no longer stands , its position remained important . The same narrow stretch it commanded — the " Lines of Bulair " — was fortified by the French and English during the Crimean War ; the Turkish X Corps during the First Balkan War ; and the Turkish 5th Army during the Gallipoli Campaign in World War I .