naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
68th Infantry Division ( France ) The 68th Infantry Division ( ) was a French Army formation during World War I and World War II . During World War I , the division comprised : It was part of the French 2nd , 3rd , 7th , 11th , 13th , 14th , 15th , 16th , 17th , 20th , 21st , 35th , 39th and 40th Corps , during which it participated in the Battle of Morhange , the Battle of Grand Couronne , the Battle of Verdun , the Second Battle of the Marne and the Meuse - Argonne Offensive . At various times , it was part of the French First Army , French Second Army , French Third Army , French Fourth Army , French Fifth Army , French Sixth Army , French Seventh Army , French Eighth Army and French Tenth Army . During the Battle of France in May 1940 , the division contained the following units : It was a Series B Reserve division containing older reservist s . The division was used to defend the North French Coast .
A Famosa A Famosa ( ; " The Famous " in Portuguese ) is a Portuguese fortress located in Malacca , Malaysia . It is among the oldest surviving European architectural remains in Asia . The " Porta de Santiago " , a small gate house , is the only remaining part of the fortress still standing . The name is often mispronounced " Famosa " , even among Malaysians , as though the Portuguese definite article " a " were the English letter " A " . A more authentic pronunciation would be " Famosa " . History . In 1511 , a Portuguese fleet arrived under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque . His forces attacked and defeated the armies of the Malacca Sultanate . Moving quickly to consolidate his gains , Albuquerque had the fortress built around a natural hill near the sea . Albuquerque believed that Malacca would become an important port linking Portugal to the Spice Route in China . At this time other Portuguese were establishing outposts in such places as Macau , China and Goa , India in order to create a string of friendly ports for ships heading to China and returning home to Portugal . The fortress once consisted of long ramparts and four major towers . One was a four - story keep , while the others held an ammunition storage room , the residence of the captain , and an officers ' quarters . Most of the village clustered in town houses inside the fortress walls . As Malacca ' s population expanded it outgrew the original fort and extensions were added around 1586 . The fort changed hands in 1641 when the Dutch drove the Portuguese out of Malacca . The Dutch renovated the gate in 1670 , which explains the logo " ANNO 1670 " inscribed on the gate ' s arch . Above the arch is a bas - relief logo of the Dutch East India Company . The fortress changed hands again in the early 19th century when the Dutch handed it over to the British to prevent it from falling into the hands of Napoleon ' s expansionist France . The English were wary of maintaining the fortification and ordered its destruction in 1806 . The fort was almost totally demolished but for the timely intervention of Sir Stamford Raffles , the founder of modern Singapore , who happened to visit Malacca in 1810 . Because of his passion for history , this small gate was spared from destruction . Archaeological finding . In late November 2006 , a structure part of the fort , believed to be the Middelsburgh Bastion was accidentally uncovered during the construction of 110 meter revolving tower in Malacca Town . The construction of the tower was ceased and its site was subsequently shifted to the popular district of Bandar Hilir on Jalan Merdeka where it was officially opened to the public on the 18th of April , 2008 . Malacca Museums Corporation suspects the structure was built by the Dutch during the Dutch occupation of Malacca from 1641 to 1824 . Earlier in June 2003 , a watchtower named Santiago Bastion was discovered during the construction of Dataran Pahlawan .
Battle of Dilam Battle of Dilam was a major battle of the Unification War between Rashidi and Saudi rebels . It occurred on 27 January 1903 , in the town of Dilam south of Riyadh , the capital of the present day Saudi Arabia . After one year of conquest of Riyadh , Ibn Saud planned to grap Rashidis away from Riyadh by fake news . Ibn Saud deployed 1 , 000 fighters in Riyadh and left the city with another 3 , 500 and captured Dilam . Rashidis followed Ibn Saud to Dilam in order to finish him off and regain control on Dilam . During the battle Rashidis lost 250 men , and totally lost control of southern Nejd .
Western Rifle Division Western Rifle Division ( ) was one of the Bolsheviks military formations during the Russian Civil War . It was formed in summer 1918 from the initiative of Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania ( SDKPiL ) and Polish Socialist Party - Left ( PPS - Lewica ) . The division was created on the basis of a Polish communist regiment , the " Red Regiment of Revolutionary Warsaw " ( Czerwony Pułk Rewolucyjnej Warszawy ) and in the beginning it was mostly composed of Polish volunteers . First it fought on the Southern Front against the White Cossacks of Pyotr Krasnov ; later against the forces of Anton Denikin and Pyotr Wrangel . During the Polish - Soviet War it was part of the Western Army , it fought against the Lithuanian and Belarusian Self - Defence units and later Polish Army of the newly created Second Polish Republic in the opening phase of the Polish - Soviet War . Spearheading the Russian westward offensive of 1918 - 1919 ( ' Target Vistula ' ) it took Wilno in January 1919 ; it sustained heavy losses during the fights at Baranowicze against forces of general Stanisław Szeptycki ( part of Operation Wilno , a Polish counteroffensive ) . After losses of 1918 and mid - 1919 , in June 1919 it was heavily reinforced with Russians , Belarusians and Ukrainians and lost its Polish character ; it was then ( 9 June ) renamed to 52nd Rifle Division of the Red Army . Commanders of the division were commissairs Stanisław Bobiński and Stefan Żbikowski . Organization : The division also comprised various support units . Dziewanowski notes it had 5 regiments . After the end of the Russian Civil War , the 52nd Rifle Division took part in the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the Winter War with Finland . Renamed 10th Guards Rifle Division December 1941 . Recreated Kolomna 1 . 42 , fought in the Ukraine and Hungary . With 53rd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in May 1945 .
Rudolph Hiemstra General Rudolph Hiemstra SSA SM ( 10 March 1912 – 26 July 2007 ) was a former Chief of the South African Defence Force . Military career . Hiemstra joined the South African Air Force in 1931 . He did not serve in World War II because of his political opposition to South Africa ' s involvement in the war and was transferred to the civil service , from which he returned to the defence force when the National Party ( South Africa ) government came to power in 1948 . He was Military Attaché in Sweden , France and the United Kingdom . Among other appointments , he was officer commanding of the renowned 2 Squadron SAAF , " The Flying Cheetahs " . He served as Adjutant - General , interrupted by his attendance at the Imperial Defence College , as Inspector - General from 1959 to 1960 , as Deputy Commandant - General from 1961 to 1965 , and as Commandant - General , i . e . head of the SA Defence Force , from 1965 to 1972 . In 1966 the Commandant - General was appointed Secretary for Defence over and above his appointment as head of the SA Defence Force . During May , 1967 , the dual title of Commandant - General and Secretary for Defence was dispensed with by the elimination of the title " Secretary for Defence " . The Commandant - General , as permanent head of the Department of Defence as well as of the South African Defence Force filled the post of Commandant - General , SADF , which post embraced the functions signified by the former dual title . At the same time the rank of Commandant - General , instituted in September , 1956 , was changed to that of General . Awards and Decorations . In 1960 he was awarded the Star of South Africa ( SSA ) for exceptional services . Death . He died on 26 July 2007 aged 95 in 1 Military Hospital in Pretoria . He is survived by six children , sixteen grandchildren and four great grandchildren . Among his influential brothers are Dr Louis W Hiemstra who made his in mark in the field of journalism and Judge Victor Hiemstra of Pretoria .
Wolfpack Weddigen Weddigen was a wolf pack of German U - boat s that operated during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II . Service history . " Weddigen " was formed in November 1943 off the coast of Portugal , to intercept convoys sailing to and from Gibraltar , Mediterranean and South Atlantic . It was composed of U - boats from the disbanded patrol group " Schill " , with reinforcements from the North Atlantic and from bases in occupied France . " Weddigen " originally numbered seventeen U - boats , though two had been destroyed in recent actions , and two others had to withdraw with damage . On 22 November the thirteen U - boats remaining formed a patrol line west of Portugal to await warning of an Allied convoy . On 23 November one of the " Weddigen " boats , " U - 648 " , fell in with the frigate HMS " Blackwood " , of 4th Escort Group accompanying KMS 30 and was destroyed . On 25 November " U - 600 " also fell in with KMS 30 , and was attacked by " Blackwood " and " Bazely " , and was destroyed by them . On 27 November the " Weddigen " boats intercepted convoy SL 140 / MKS 31 , and attacked it over the next five days , though without success . On 29 November " U - 86 " was destroyed by aircraft from the carrier USS " Bogue " , while on 28th " U - 238 " and " U - 764 " had been attacked and damaged , also by aircraft from " Bogue " . On 7 December " Weddigen " was disbanded , a number of U - boats returning to base , while others formed a cadre of a new patrol group , code - named " Borkum " . The name . " Weddigen " was named for Otto Weddigen , German World War I U - boat ace .
Mauser 1908 The Mauser 1908 was a bolt - action rifle created by the Mauser in cooperation of the Brazilian Army . 400 , 000 were purchased in 1908 to replace the 1894 Mauser , ammo already using sharp , better ballistic effect . Basically similar to the German G98 rifle , kept the size traditional Brazilian and certain modifications to suit national needs , such as the backside , simpler and cheaper . Their concept of long - range gun , became obsolete in WW1 , but even so , Brazil purchased identical rifles in 1935 . Remained in service until 1954 mostly as a sniper rifle .
Timeline of the Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty The Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty were a series of wars fought between the Jurchen Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries . The Jurchens were a Tungusic – speaking tribal confederation native to Manchuria . They overthrew the Khitan Liao Dynasty in 1122 and declared the establishment of a new dynasty , the Jin . Diplomatic relations between the Jin and Song deteriorated , and the Jurchens declared war against the Song Dynasty on November 1125 . Two armies were dispatched against the Song . One army captured the provincial capital of Taiyuan , while the other besieged the Song capital of Kaifeng . The Jurchens withdrew when the Song promised to pay an annual indemnity . As the Song Dynasty weakened , the Jin armies conducted a second siege against Kaifeng . The city was captured and looted , and the Song Dynasty emperor , Emperor Qinzong , was imprisoned and taken north to Manchuria as a hostage . The remainder of the Song court retreated to southern China , beginning the Southern Song period of Chinese history . Two puppet governments , first the Da Chu dynasty and later the state of Qi , were established by the Jin as buffer states between the Song and Manchuria . The Jurchens marched southward with the aim of conquering the Southern Song , but counteroffensives by Chinese generals like Yue Fei halted their advance . A peace accord , the Treaty of Shaoxing , was negotiated and ratified in 1142 , establishing the Huai River as the boundary between the two empires . Peace between the Song and Jin was interrupted twice . Emperor Hailingwang of Jin invaded the Southern Song in 1161 , while Song revanchists tried and failed to retake northern China in 1204 . The wars against the Song were notable for the appearance of new technological innovations . The siege of De ' an in 1132 included the first recorded use of the fire lance , an early gunpowder weapon and an ancestor of the firearm . The " huopao " , an incendiary bomb , was employed in a number of battles and gunpowder bombs made of cast iron were used in a siege in 1221 . The Jurchens migrated south and settled in northern China , where they adopted the language and Confucian culture of the local inhabitants . The Jin Dynasty government grew into a centralized imperial bureaucracy structured in the same manner as previous dynasties of China . Both the Song and Jin dynasties ended in the 13th century as the Mongol Empire expanded across Asia . Notes . Omitted if the date of the event is unknown .
William James Hope - Johnstone Admiral Sir William James Hope - Johnstone KCB ( 28 July 1798 – 11 July 1878 ) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander - in - Chief , The Nore . Naval career . Born the second son of Vice - Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope , William James Hope - Johnstone joined the Royal Navy in 1811 . Promoted to Captain in 1823 , he commanded HMS " Doris " , HMS " Asia " , HMS " Britannia " , HMS " Agincourt " and then HMS " Albion " . He was appointed Superintendent of Haslar Hospital and the Royal Clarence Victualling Yard in 1852 , Commander - in - Chief , South - East Coast of America in 1854 and Commander - in - Chief , The Nore in 1860 . There is a memorial to Hope - Johnstone at the Johnstone Church Burial Ground in Dumfries . Family . In 1826 he married Eleanor Kirkpatrick ; they had three daughters .
Većeslav Holjevac Većeslav Holjevac ( August 22 , 1917 – July 11 , 1970 ) was a Croatian and Yugoslav soldier and communist politician . Holjevac was born in Karlovac , at the time in Austria - Hungary . He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1939 . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and establishment of Independent State of Croatia , Holjevac was active in resistance movement and in July 1941 he was one of the founders of Partisan units in Kordun and Banovina regions of Croatia . He served as political commisar of Partisan units in that region until the end of war . The most famous action which Holjevac commanded in 1941 , happened on November 17 in Karlovac . He was in command of the platoon whose assignment was to liberate partisan Marijan Čavić , who was wounded by Ustashe , captured and set to healthcare in Karlovac hospital . Holjevac ' s platoon was redressed in Homeguard uniforms , so they entered Karlovac without problems . Unfortunately , Čavić was taken from hospital before their arrival , so the assignment was not completely executed . However , this action made a high impression within the population of Karlovac and neighbouring places . After the war Holjevac served in many important posts in Tito ' s Yugoslavia . For his war service he received the title of People ' s Hero of Yugoslavia on Jul 23 , 1951 . The following year he was named mayor of Zagreb , a post he held until 1963 . As such , he is credited with many important construction projects that modernised the city , most notably the creation of Novi Zagreb . He also successfully lobbied for establishment of Zagreb trade fair . His daughter Tatjana Holjevac used his legacy to successfully launch her own political career during the 2005 local elections in Zagreb . A major thoroughfare of Zagreb , Većeslav Holjevac Avenue is named after Većeslav Holjevac . In November 2010 , a citizen ' s group filed a criminal report for Holjevac ' s involvement in the supposed attack on a hospital on November 17 , 1941 .
Adolph McQueen Adolph McQueen is a retired United States Army officer who attained the rank of Major General . Armed services career . McQueen first joined the United States Marine Corps , in the enlisted ranks , in 1971 . Eleven years later , in 1982 , he received a direct commission into the United States Army . He graduated from Wayne State University with a Bachelor ’ s Degree in Criminal Justice and earned a Master ’ s Degree in Strategic Studies from the United States Army War College . McQueen ' s military education included : Command and General Staff Officer Course , Associate Logistics Executive Development Course , Adjutant General Officer Branch Qualification Course , Military Police Officer Advanced Course , and the Quartermaster Officer Advanced Course . Civilian career . McQueen worked in civilian law enforcement for more than 30 years , include an assignment as the Special Agent Supervisor with the Michigan Department of the Attorney General . First commander , Joint Detention Group , Guantanamo . In 2002 , when he was a Colonel , he was the first commander of Joint Detention Group , responsible for Joint Task Force Guantanamo ' s guard force . James Yee , the Guantanamo Bay detention camp s ' first Muslim chaplain , reported to McQueen . In his book " " , Yee reported an escalating series of problems , including the role McQueen played . In 2003 " BBC News " reporters described McQueen personally curtailing their tour of Guantanamo when captives were allowed to see them , and called out to them . The " BBC " crew was sent home the next day , while other journalists were allowed to stay , and continue reporting . 11th Police Military Brigade . In 2005 , 2006 , and 2007 , following his Guantanamo service , McQueen commanded the 11th Police Military Brigade , in Hanover , Pennsylvania . 200th Military Police Command . As of 2010 he was a Major General , commanding the 200th Military Police Command . U . S . Army North . In 2012 McQueen was assigned as Deputy Commander of United States Army North . He served in this position until retiring in September , 2013 . He received the Distinguished Service Medal at his retirement . Awards . McQueen ' s awards include : Army Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster ; Defense Superior Service Medal ; Legion of Merit ; Defense Meritorious Service Medal ; Meritorious Service Medal ( with four Oak Leaf Clusters ) ; Joint Service Commendation Medal ; Army Commendation Medal ( with two Oak Leaf Clusters ) ; Army Achievement Medal ( with one Oak Leaf Cluster ) ; and Army Staff Identification Badge .
Uprising of Georgi Voiteh The Uprising of Georgi Voiteh ( , - Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje ) was a Bulgarian uprising against the Byzantine Empire in 1072 . It was the second major attempt to restore the Bulgarian Empire after the Uprising of Peter Delyan in 1040 - 1041 . The main prerequisites for the uprising were the weakness of Byzantium after the invasions of the Pechenegs in the lower Danube , the great defeat at the hands of the Seljuk Turks in the battle of Manzikert ( 1071 ) and the invasion of the Normans from southern Italy as well as the rising taxes during the reign of Michael VII . The uprising was prepared by the Bulgarian nobility in Skopje led by Georgi Voiteh . They chose the son of Serbian Prince of Duklja Michael , Constantine Bodin as their leader , as he was a descendant of the Bulgarian Emperor Samuil . In the autumn of 1072 Constantine Bodin arrived at Prizren where he was proclaimed Emperor of the Bulgarians under the name Peter III . The Serbian Prince sent 300 soldiers led by Vojvoda Petrilo . An army under Damianos Dalassenos was immediately sent from Constantinople to help the " strategos " of the Theme of Bulgaria , Nikephoros Karantenos . In the battle that followed the Byzantine army was completely defeated . Dalassenos and other Byzantine commanders were captured and Skopie was taken by the Bulgarians troops . After that success the rebels tried to expand the area under their control . Constantine Bodin headed north and reached Niš . Because some Bulgarian towns with Byzantine garrisons did not surrender , they were burned down . Petrila marched southwards and captured Ohrid and Devol . However , near the town of Kastoria his large army was defeated by the Byzantines and some Bulgarian commanders who did not want to acknowledge Peter III as their ruler . Another army was sent from Constantinople under Michael Saronites . Saronites seized Skopie and in December 1072 he defeated the army of Constantine Bodin at a place known as Taonios ( in the southern parts of Kosovo Polje ) . Constantine Bodin and Georgi Voiteh were captured . The army which Prince Michael sent to relieve his son did not achieve anything because its commander , a Norman mercenary defected to the Byzantines . The rebellion was finally crushed in 1073 by " doux " Nikephoros Bryennios .
Wilhelm Meisel Wilhelm Meisel ( 4 November 1891 – 7 September 1974 ) was an Admiral of the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross ( ) . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . Biography . Meisel was born in Zwickau and joined the Navy as a midshipman in 1913 . During the First World War he served on the battlecruiser , the light cruiser and the . He later served as a staff officer on Torpedo boats and was interned in Scapa Flow . After the scuttling of the High Seas Fleet he was held as a POW by the British and repatriated in 1921 . During the 1920s Meisel commanded a torpedo boat flotilla and held several staff posts and commanded the in 1929 . During World War II Meisel commanded a destroyer flotilla in the Polish Campaign of 1939 and was appointed commander of the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper in 1940 . He was made Chief of Staff of Naval Group west in 1943 and Chief of Naval staff in 1943 .
Charles Kavanagh Lieutenant General Sir Charles Toler MacMorrough Kavanagh KCB KCMG CVO DSO ( 25 March 1864 - 11 October 1950 ) was a British Army officer who commanded the Cavalry Corps at the Battle of Amiens . Military career . Born the son of Rt . Hon . Arthur MacMorrough Kavanagh , The MacMorrough and Mary Frances Forde - Leathley and educated at Harrow School and the Royal Military College Sandhurst , Kavanagh was commissioned into the 3rd Dragoon Guards in February 1884 and transferred to the 10th Royal Hussars two weeks later . On the 12 June 1895 he was appointed Adjutant to the 6th Yeomanry Brigade ( Prince Albert ' s Own Leicestershire Yeomanry Cavalry and Derbyshire Yeomanry Cavalry ) ; this posting ended on 16 February 1903 . He served in the Second Boer War as Commanding Officer of the 10th Royal Hussars , and was promoted a brevet Lieutenant - Colonel in November 1900 . After returning to the UK , he went on to be Commander of the 1st Cavalry Brigade at Aldershot Command in 1909 . He fought in the Great War as commander of the 7th Cavalry Brigade ( part of the British Expeditionary Force ) from 1914 , as General Officer Commanding 2nd Cavalry Division from April 1915 and as General Officer Commanding 5th Division from July 1915 . After that he served as Commander of the I Corps from 1916 and then as Commander of the Cavalry Corps from 1917 leading the Corps to success at the Battle of Amiens and remaining in post until the end of the War . He retired in 1920 . In retirement he became Governor of the Military Knights of Windsor . Family . In 1895 he married Mary Perry ; they had two daughters .