naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
French frigate Hermione ( 1779 ) The Hermione was a 12 - pounder " Concorde " class frigate of the French Navy . She became famous when she ferried General Lafayette to the United States in 1780 to allow him to rejoin the American side in the American Revolutionary War . She grounded and was wrecked in 1793 . In 1997 , construction of a replica ship started in Rochefort , Charente - Maritime , France ; the new ship is named " Hermione " . Career . " Hermione " was built in eleven months at Rochefort , by the shipwright Henri Chevillard as a light ( ) frigate , fast and maneuverable . Between May and December 1779 she underwent successful sea trials in the Gulf of Gascony under the command of Lieutenant de Latouche . General La Fayette embarked at Rochefort on 11 March 1780 and arrived in Boston on 28 April carrying the then - secret news that he had secured French reinforcements ( 5 , 500 men and 5 frigates ) for Washington . She got underway again on 2 June and suffered serious damage in the fierce but indecisive Action of 7 June 1780 against the 32 - gun HMS " Iris " , under James Hawker . " Hermione " received the American Congress on board in May 1781 . She fought several times in company with the " Astrée " , commanded by Lapérouse , especially at the Naval battle of Louisbourg on 21 July 1781 . After the end of the American Revolutionary War , " Hermione " returned to France in February 1782 . She then formed part of a squadron sent to India to help Suffren against the British . However peace was declared and the ship returned to Rochefort in April 1784 . Fate . Again in service against the British , on 20 September 1793 , she ran aground off Croisic , and was then wrecked by heavy seas . The court - martial consecutive to the wreck found her pilot , Guillaume Guillemin du Conquet , responsible for her loss ; her commanding officer , Captain Martin , was honourably acquitted . Reconstruction . In 1997 a reconstruction project started in Rochefort . The new ship is named " Hermione "
Brodie landing system The Brodie landing system was a method of landing light aeroplane devised by James H Brodie , a Captain of the United States Air Force during World War II . The method of landing involved catching a hook attached to the plane with a sling which itself was attached to a cable . This system proved useful in landing aircraft in normally unsuitable terrain , such as the jungle or in mountains , and also afforded good camouflage . Similar non - conventional landing apparatus were previously deployed in limited numbers for airborne aircraft recovery on the 1930s US Navy dirigibles to retrieve small fighters . The Brodie system differed in that the system was based on a wire capture with a larger ( longer ) target to hit by the pilot . Even though it could be mounted to moving objects , it was also suitable for fixed installations in the jungle . Brodie was issued US Patent # 2 , 435 , 197 , # 2 , 488 , 050 , # 2 , 488 , 051 , # 3 , 163 , 380 for variations of the landing system . The system was also used for landing light aircraft on ships , allowing existing ships to be converted to light aircraft carriers with little structural changes . Brodie and test pilot Flight Officer Raymond Gregory were awarded the Legion of Merit for their work on the system in 1945 . Brodie envisioned scaling the system up to capture planes as heavy as 7000 lbs . Operational History . The LST 776 was outfitted with a Brodie Landing system . The RAF used a L - 5 for testing the Brodie system in India . One type of light aircraft which used the system was the Stinson L - 5 Sentinel , an example of which is displayed in Brodie configuration in the Steven F . Udvar - Hazy Center museum in Washington D . C .
Oglethorpe ' s Regiment Oglethorpe ' s Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army formed for service in North America during the War of Jenkins ' Ear . It was commanded by James Oglethorpe , first Governor of Georgia . Service . The raising of the regiment , ranked as the 42nd Regiment of Foot , was authorised in August 1737 . The unit formed at Savannah in the following year . They took part in the Siege of St Augustine in June and July 1740 and the Battles of Bloody Marsh and Gully Hole Creek near Fort Frederica in July 1742 . The regiment was disbanded at the end of the conflict on 24 November 1748 .
Stalag VIII - D Stalag VIII - D was a German World War II prisoner - of - war camp ( " Stammlager " ) located at the outskirts of Teschen , ( now Český Těšín , Czech Republic ) . It was built in March 1941 on the grounds of a former Czech barracks . It was later known as Stalag VIII - B . Camp history . The camp was created in 1941 as the base camp for a number of work - camps ( " Arbeitskommando " ) for prisoners of war working in the mines and industries of Upper Silesia . By early 1942 they housed 7 , 000 prisoners from Belgium , France , Poland and Yugoslavia . In June 1943 it was placed under the administrative control of Stalag VIII - B Lamsdorf and was renamed Stalag IV - B / Z . In November 1943 there was another reorganization , Lamsdorf was renamed " Stalag 344 " , and a large number of prisoners were transferred to Teschen , which became Stalag VIII - B . Because of these organizational and number changes there is considerable confusion in accounts of prisoners , even in official German records . At the end of 1943 within Stalag VIII - B Teschen there were about 50 , 000 Soviet prisoners , and another 10 , 000 from other countries , including Great Britain , the Commonwealth and Italy . In general , the conditions in the main Teschen camp and in all the sub - camps were deplorable . Arbeitkommandos . Among the sub - camps of Stalag VIII - D Teschen were : Evacuation and repatriation . From 21 January 1945 , many of the prisoners , particularly British and Commonwealth , were marched through Nazi - occupied Czech lands to Stalag XIII - C in Bavaria or Stalag XIII - D Nürnberg . The march , in temperatures of - 15 °C to - 20 °C , caused great distress and many prisoners died . The Czech people in the villages and towns , through which they passed , passed food and clothing to them . Many prisoners managed to escape and were sheltered in private homes . The men were marched along country roads towards the Oder , first north towards Dresden , then when the Germans changed their mind , south towards Bavaria , eventually reaching Stalag XIII - D near Nuremberg .
Eric William Wright Air Commodore Eric William " Ricky " Wright , CBE , DFC , DFM , AE ( 21 September 1919 – 5 November 2007 ) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force who flew Hurricanes with 605 Squadron in the Battle of Britain . Early years . He was educated at Cambridge County School and the Technical College . In June 1939 he joined the RAF Volunteer Reserve . . He joined the RAF Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and was called up when he had completed his training as a pilot . Once he had completed his training as a pilot he was called up into the regular air force Royal Air Force . Wright joined No 605 ( County of Warwick ) Squadron in July 1940 , and saw action during the Battle of Britain . In early September he shared in the destruction of a Messerschmitt Bf 110 and a Dornier 17 . On 15 September Wright shot down a Dornier 17 over Maidstone . By the end of the year he had accounted for six enemy aircraft , probably destroyed three more and damaged six . At the end of November he was awarded a DFM . As a Sergeant pilot he was granted a commission as a Pilot Officer on probation on 18 December 1940 . Wright was posted to the Far East in 1941 , as a flight commander in No 232 Squadron . After the Japanese attacks on Malaya the squadron reinforced the defences at Singapore at the end of January 1942 . Within a week Wright ' s CO had been killed and Wright was promoted to Squadron Leader . He claimed a Japanese bomber damaged off the coast of Singapore . The Squadron soon evacuated to Sumatra and then to Java . in March Wright was ordered to take his remaining pilots to Tjilatjap , ready to board a boat for Australia . On arrival however , the last boat had been sunk , and when the island fell to the Japanese a few days later Wright and his pilots were made POWs . After a period at Batavia repariing the airfield , Wright and his fellow POWs were shipped to Japan and worked as farm labourers and in shipbuilding yards . After the war , he was granted a permanent commission as a Flight Lieutenant ( but continued to be allowed to use his final wartime rank ) on 19 December 1945 . Wright was a member of the RAF ' s official aerobatic team , No 247 Squadron flying Vampires . In April 1948 he flew one of the six Vampire F . IIIs of No 54 Squadron making the first Atlantic crossing by jet aircraft .
Battle of the Sea of Azov The Battle of the Sea of Azov was a battle between elements of the German , Italian , and Romanian armies ( all under the command of the German 11th " Armee " , commanded by Erich von Manstein ) , against the forces of the USSR ( specifically the Soviet 9th and 18th Armies , under the command of Generals Yakov Cherevichenko and Andrei Kirillovich Smirnov , respectively ) ; during September – October 1941 , in World War II . The battle took place during the Axis invasion of the USSR , Operation Barbarossa , and occurred in a location near to the coast with the Sea of Azov , near the Crimea . The battle started with an attempt by Soviet forces to rupture the northern flank of the 17th " Armee " as it advanced eastward along the coastline . However , even though the Soviets were successful in causing turmoil amongst some of the Romanian troops who were in the path of the advance of the 9th and 18th Armies , for the most part the front held due to a combination of German resistance , limited Soviet objectives , and poor co - ordination and logistical support . While the Soviets were held in place along the front , " Panzergruppe " 1 , under the command of Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist flanked their positions , cutting them off along their lines of communications , and surrounding them when the Panzergruppe advanced to meet the Eleventh Army . The 9th and 18th Armies were eliminated in the resulting pocket , and over 106 , 000 Soviet POWs were sent into captivity , 212 Soviet tanks were destroyed , and 766 pieces of artillery were put out of service . The battle lasted from 26 September - 7 October 1941 .
Herbert Sohler Herbert Sohler ( 25 July 1908 , Attendorn , Westphalia - 22 June 1991 ) was a German U - boat commander of World War II . Career . He commanded " U - 10 " from 4 April to 31 July 1938 . He then commanded " U - 46 " from 2 November 1938 to 21 May 1940 for five patrols - he sank only two ships ( " City of Mandalay " in convoy HG - 3 on 17 October 1939 and the Norwegian ship " Rudolf " on 21 December the same year ) and so was replaced as " U - 46 " ' s commander by Engelbert Endrass . Sohler had also been deputy commander of 7th U - boat Flotilla from May to September 1940 , before taking over full command of it from September 1940 until February 1942 .
HMS Valiant ( 1807 ) HMS " Valiant " was a 74 - gun third - rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy , launched on 24 January 1807 at Blackwall Yard . On 17 June 1813 , " Valiant " was in company with when they came upon HMS " Wasp " in pursuit of an American brig off Cape Sable . The three British ships continued the chase for another 100 miles before they finally were able to capture the brig . She was the letter of marque " Porcupine " , of more than 300 tons , and was carrying a valuable cargo of brandy , wine , silks , dry goods and other merchandise from Bayonne to Boston . Captain Robert Dudley Oliver of " Valiant " described " Porcupine " as being only eight months old and an uncommonly fast sailer . After the capture , " Wasp " , which had recaptured a prize that the privateer " Young Teazer " had taken , sailed in search of the privateer . She was broken up in 1823 .
Aditya - class auxiliary ship " Aditya " class is a class of replenishment and repair ships currently in service with the Indian Navy . The class is a modified and lengthened version of the original Deepak class . INS " Aditya " is the only ship in this class .
Patrick N . L . Bellinger Patrick Nieson Lynch Bellinger ( October 8 , 1885 – May 30 , 1962 ) was a pioneering US Naval aviator . Biography . He was born in Cheraw , South Carolina and went to the United States Naval Academy , graduating in 1907 . After first trying submarines he soon transferred to aviation . He was part of the first group of US Naval aviators trained and was rated as Naval Aviator # 4 . In 1914 , during the United States occupation of Veracruz , while flying off the , Bellinger became the first American to encounter enemy fire in an airplane , and was recommended for the Medal of Honor . On 13 June 1913 he set an altitude record when he flew a Curtiss seaplane to the height of 6 , 200 feet . Bellinger was also commander of the squadron of seaplanes to make the first trans - Atlantic flight . On May 8 , 1919 , NC - 1 , NC - 3 , and NC - 4 took off from Naval Air Station Rockaway in Long Island , New York . Bellinger ' s plane , the NC - 1 sank and he and his crew transferred to the Greek steamer " Ionia " and soon after to the . For his leadership in the flight , he was awarded the Navy Cross . By 1940 he had advanced to the rank of Rear Admiral in command of Patrol Wing 2 based in Honolulu . He was the senior Naval Air Commander present during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor when the Japanese launched their " day of infamy " attack on December 7 , 1941 . and sent out the first radio alert : " Air raid . Pearl Harbor - this is no drill . " In May 1942 he took command of all patrol wings in the Pacific , and in August became Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief of the US Fleet , Admiral Ernest J . King . In March 1943 , he was given command of the Atlantic Fleet Air Force . He was promoted to Vice Admiral in October 1943 . He retired with the rank of vice admiral on 7 July 1947 to his home , " Earlhurst " in Covington , Virginia and died on 30 May 1962 at Clifton Forge , Virginia . Admiral Bellinger is buried in Section 2 of Arlington National Cemetery . Awards and decorations . As well as the Navy Cross and Distinguished Service Medal , Bellinger ' s foreign decorations include the Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus , from Italy ; the Military Order of the Tower and Sword , from Portugal ; and the Légion d ' honneur and Croix de Guerre , from France .
32nd Infantry Division ( France ) The 32nd Infantry Division ( ) was a French Army formation during World War I and World War II . During World War I , the division comprised : It was part of the French 16th Corps , during which it participated in the Battle of Morhange , Battle of Grand Couronne , Battle of Flirey , the First Battle of Ypres , the First Battle of Champagne , the Second Battle of Champagne , the Battle of the Lys and the pursuit to and past the Hindenburg line . At various times , it was part of the French First Army , French Second Army , French Third Army , French Fifth Army , French Sixth Army , French Seventh Army , French Eighth Army and French Tenth Army . During the Battle of France in May 1940 the division contained the following units : It was an active division which existed during peacetime .
Doug Kenna Edgar Douglas " Doug " Kenna II ( June 11 , 1924 - January 28 , 2013 ) was an American football player and businessman . Biography . College football . Kenna played his freshman year at the University of Mississippi for the Ole Miss Rebels . However , following his freshman year , Kenna received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point where he played for Army as a sophomore , junior and senior . Coached by Earl Blaik , he was a quarterback and halfback . In 1944 , he quarterbacked West Point ' s undefeated national championship team . He also served as the captain of West Point ' s tennis and basketball teams . In 1944 , the basketball team lost only one game , while the tennis team went undefeated . Post - college . Once World War II ended , Kenna was recruited by General George S . Patton to coach Army football teams inside of occupied Germany . He also was later an assistant coach , under Earl Blaik , at West Point for a time . Serving on numerous boards , Kenna later held executive positions for several major companies , including Avco Corporation , Mississippi Power , Fuqua Industries , Robert B . Anderson Ltd . , G . L . Ohrstrom & Company and Carrier Corporation . He later served as the president of the National Association of Manufacturers . Death . Kenna died in North Palm Beach , Florida , where he had lived for years , on January 28 , 2013 .
105mm Gun T8 105mm Gun T8 was an anti - tank gun developed in the United States in mid - 1940s . The prototype for this gun was the German 88 mm Pak 43 / 41 anti - tank gun captured by the U . S . Army in France . The development started in October 1944 ; the gun reached trials in February 1946 . Soon afterwards the project was cancelled . Design . In December , 1942 , Allied forces reported that new German armored vehicle designs were resistant to 57 mm anti - tank guns , the largest anti - tank gun available . The US Ordnance Department began preliminary studies on a gun design similar to the German 88 mm Pak 43 / 41 anti - aircraft gun which was then successfully being used as an anti - tank gun . The first proposal was a combination of the 90 mm M1 Anti - aircraft gun mated to the M2 recoil mechanism from the M2A1 105 mm howitzer . The example was designated 90 mm anti - tank gun T8 on carriage T5 . The T5 gun carriage proved unacceptable due to structural weaknesses found while towing off - road . After two redesigned carriages were tested , the T5E2 was classified as limited standard . After additional trials at Aberdeen Proving Grounds , the T8 gun was found to be too heavy . Alternative carriages were tested , with no carriage found acceptable . Two new gun / carriages were proposed and tested . The final design selected was the T20E1 gun with the T15 carriage . Three T8 guns were completed in 1944 , and a production batch of 400 was ordered . One of the three guns was sent to Europe with the Zebra mission in February , 1945 . The Zebra team was sent to the ETO to respond to the criticism of the inadequate anti - tank guns that were then in service . In early 1945 the entire anti - tank gun issue was re - examined to evaluate the need for large - bore anti - tank guns , as the need in the Pacific did not exist as Japanese armor could easily be penetrated by 37 mm and 57 mm M1 anti - tank gun s then available . The Panzerkampfwagen Tiger Ausf . B ( King Tiger ) and Panzerjäger Tiger Ausf . B ( Jagdtiger ) were found to be armored beyond the anti - tank guns then in use or proposed . Work was started on a 105 mm version of the T8 using the T19 split trail carriage in October 1944 . The T8 105 mm anti - tank gun weighted about eight tons . It had a split trail carriage and magnesium wheels with synthetic rubber tires . In transportation , the mount could be rotated 180 degrees in order to reduce the length of the piece . The gun fired a 17 . 7 kg ( 39 lbs ) armor piercing projectile at 945 m / s ( 3 , 100 ft / s ) , resulting in the penetration of 210 mm ( 8 . 26 in ) at 1 , 000 m ( 1 , 093 yds ) , 0 degrees . Display . Two pilot guns and carriages were built ; one of those is on display in the United States Army Ordnance Museum , Aberdeen , Maryland , United States .
Battle of Alcântara ( 1580 ) The Battle of Alcântara took place on 25 August 1580 , near the brook of Alcântara , in the vicinity of Lisbon , Portugal , and was a decisive victory of the Spanish Habsburg King Philip II over the Portuguese pretender to the Portuguese throne , Dom António , Prior of Crato . Background . In Portugal , the death of King Sebastian of Portugal in 1578 , with only an elderly great uncle to succeed him , plunged the country into a succession crisis . King Philip II of Spain was one of seven who laid claim to the Portuguese throne , and in June 1580 a Spanish army of about 40 , 000 men ( about half of which were German and Italian mercenaries ) invaded Portugal , under the command of Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo , Duke of Alba . Two years earlier , the Portuguese army had been decimated at the Battle of Ksar El Kebir ( 1578 ) , causing the death and imprisonment of tens of thousands of Portuguese soldiers and nobles . Dom António also lacked support from what was left of the Portuguese nobility and high clergy , which chose to support Philip II instead . Dom António was therefore forced to recruit an irregular army composed mainly of local peasants and townspeople as well as 3 , 000 African slaves who fought for António in exchange for their freedom . Battle . The Duke of Alba met little resistance and in July landed his forces at Cascais , west of Lisbon . By mid - August , the Duke was only 10 kilometers from the city . West of the small brook Alcântara , the Spanish encountered a Portuguese force on the eastern side of it , commanded by António , Prior of Crato ( a grandson of King Manuel I of Portugal who had proclaimed himself King as António I ) and his lieutenant Francisco de Portugal , 3rd Count of Vimioso . The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Spanish army , both on land and sea . Two days later , the Duke of Alba captured Lisbon , and on March 25 , 1581 , Philip of Spain was crowned King of Portugal as Philip I . Aftermath . The decimated Antonian army fled towards Oporto with the intention of reassembling his troops , but was completely destroyed at Oporto by the Spanish forces under the command of Don Sancho d ' Avila . At the end of 1580 , most of the Portuguese territory was in Spanish hands . Two more battles ( 1582 and 1583 ) over the succession were fought in the Azores . Spain and Portugal would remain united in a personal union of the crowns ( remaining formally independent and with autonomous administrations ) for the next 60 years , until 1640 . This period is called the Iberian Union .
Guy Le Borgne Guy Le Borgne ( 6 January 1920 – 12 December 2007 ) was a French Army general that fought in World War II , First Indochina War and Algerian War . He commanded several paratroop units during his career and was military governor of Lyon . Biography . He graduated from Saint - Cyr Military Academy as part of the 1939 - 1940 “ Franco - British Friendship ” promotion . After the Allied defeat in the Battle of France , he escaped to North Africa and made his way to Great Britain to join General de Gaulle ’ s Free French Forces . Became part of a Jedburgh team , a three men team consisting of an American , British and a Frenchman . Le Borgne ’ s team no . 45 , code named FRANCIS , was dropped over Finistère , Brittany in July 1944 , to assist the French Resistance . His British teammate , Major Colin Ogden Smith , was killed in a firefight with German troops on 29 July 1944 . After the Jedburgh mission he joined one of two French Special Air Service units with which he takes part in two operations behind German lines in the Ardennes and the Netherlands . After the war , he joined a parachute regiment and served in Indochina where he commanded the 8th Parachute Commando Group between 1952 and 1953 . During the Algerian War he commanded the 3rd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment from 1961 to 1962 , leading it during the Bizerte crisis and keeping it loyal to de Gaulle during the 1961 Algiers Putsch . After the war Guy Le Borgne commanded the 11th Parachute Division from 1973 to 1975 and finished his career as military governor of Lyon from 1976 to 1980 with the grade of general de corps d ’ armée . After he retired he was elected President of the Confédération nationale des associations parachutistes in 1980 and becoming member of the honorary committee of the Union Nationale des Parachutistes in 1988 . Guy Le Borgne also painted under the pseudonyme of Guy Le Zachmeur , his resistance alias from World War II . He died on 12 December 2007 .