naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
HQ Northern Ireland HQ Northern Ireland was the formation responsible for the British Army in and around Northern Ireland . It was established in 1922 and disbanded , replaced by a brigade - level Territorial Army formation , 38 Brigade , in 2009 . History . HQ Northern Ireland was established following the partition of Ireland in 1922 and was originally based at Newtownards . On 30 January 2006 the Secretary of State for Defence announced to the House that 19 Light Brigade , then stationed at Catterick , would be re - roling to a light brigade and relocating to Scotland and Northern Ireland . On 10 May 2006 it was further announced that " in addition to the HQ and other units of 19 Light Brigade that we expect to relocate to Northern Ireland in 2007 and 2008 , a new and non - deployable regional brigade headquarters will form at Thiepval Barracks , Lisburn . The current 107 ( Ulster ) Brigade , based at Ballymena , will merge on 15 December this year into HQ 39 Infantry Brigade , which will itself be replaced by the new regional brigade headquarters , 38th ( Irish ) Brigade under the command of the 2nd Division , on 1 August 2007 " . On 6 August 2007 Headquarters Northern Ireland and 38 ( Irish ) Brigade combined to create a single transitional headquarters with a two star General Officer Commanding . On 1 January 2009 the command ' s name changed to 38 ( Irish ) Brigade and HQ Northern Ireland was dissolved . HQ 38 ( Irish ) Brigade is now the main headquarters , residual regional functions having been migrated to HQ 2 Division in Edinburgh . Other services had a smaller presence in the region . The RAF ' s presence in Northern Ireland was based at RAF Aldergrove , and No . 230 Squadron RAF was based there for many years , among other units . The Royal Navy no longer maintain a regular presence in Northern Ireland waters with the disbandment of the Northern Ireland Squadron . The Royal Navy ' s main presence is HMS " Caroline " , which serves as the HQ of the Royal Naval Reserve ' s Ulster Division . HQ Northern Ireland formations , December 1989 . In December 1989 the following units were permanently based in Northern Ireland under command of HQ Northern Ireland . The three infantry battalions on a 6 - month rotation to Northern Ireland are shown in italics ; smaller units on a 6 - month roulement to Northern Ireland are not shown . Two Territorial Army battalions stationed in Northern Ireland were to move immediately to Germany to reinforce British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ) in case of war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact . For administrative purposes these units were under command of brigade HQs based in Northern Ireland during peacetime . Both units are shown in the list below in italics followed by the higher command they were to reinforce in Germany in brackets : General Officers Commanding Northern Ireland . General Officers Commanding have included : < br > Northern Ireland District Northern Ireland Command
4722d Air Defense Group The 4722d Air Defense Group is a discontinued United States Air Force organization . Its last assignment was with the 27th Air Division at George Air Force Base , California , where it was discontinued in 1958 . The group was formed to provide a single command and support organization for the two fighter interceptor squadrons of Air Defense Command ( ADC ) , that were tenants at George , a Tactical Air Command ( TAC ) base . It was discontinued when the 327th Fighter - Interceptor Squadron was scheduled to move in 1958 , leaving only a single ADC fighter squadron at George . History . The group was established to provide a headquarters for Air Defense Command ( ADC ) Fighter - Interceptor Squadron s ( FIS ) stationed at George AFB , a Tactical Air Command ( TAC ) Base . TAC ' s 479th Air Base Group ( until July 1957 ) and 809th Air Base Group ( after July 1957 ) acted as host base organizations for the group . The 4722d was assigned the 327th FIS , flying radar equipped and air to air missile armed Convair F - 102 Delta Dagger aircraft , and 329th FIS , flying North American F - 86 Sabre aircraft which were also radar equipped but armed with HVAR rocket s , as its operational components . The 329th FIS upgraded to newer model F - 86s in the spring of 1957 which , like the 327th ' s F - 102s , were equipped with data link to tie them in to the Semi - Automatic Ground Environment command and control system . / the group was discontinued when the 327th FIS was scheduled to move to Thule AB , Greenland in July 1958 , leaving only a single operational ADC squadron at George . Its squadrons were then assigned directly to the 27th Air Division . References . Bibliography . Further Reading
North Caucasian Front The North Caucasian Front or North Caucasus Front was a Front of the Soviet Army during the Second World War . This sense of the term is not identical with the more general usage of military front which indicates a geographic area in wartime , although a Soviet Front may operate within designated boundaries . The North Caucasus Front describes either of two distinct organizations during the war . The first formation was created on May 20 , 1942 and was commanded by Marshal Semyon M . Budenny throughout its existence . It incorporated forces from the ( disbanded ) Crimean Front and received additional forces from the ( disbanded ) Southern Front on July 28 , 1942 . On September 1 , 1942 the Front was reorganized as the Black Sea Group of Forces and assigned to the Transcaucasian Front during the German occupation of the Krasnodar Krai . The second formation of this Front was created on January 24 , 1943 from the Northern Group of Forces in the Transcaucasian Front ( located in the eastern Caucasus ) , and reintegrated the Black Sea Group of Forces on February 5 , 1943 . Lieutenant General Ivan Maslennikov , who was promoted to Colonel General in January 1943 , initially took command . He handed over to Lieutenant General Ivan E . Petrov ( ) , in May 1943 , and Petrov was then promoted to Colonel General in August . At the time of the Battle of Kursk in August 1943 , during the long series of engagements known as the Battle of the Caucasus , the Transcaucasian Front included the Black Sea Group of Forces consisting of the 46th , 18th Desant , 47th , 56th Armies , and the 5th Air Army as well as the 13th and 16th Separate Rifle Corps . The Northern Group of Forces commanded the 37th , 9th , 58th Army , 44th Armies , as well as a Cavalry Mechanized Group and the 10th Separate Rifle Corps . Additionally it commanded the Black Sea Fleet and the Baku Army of PVO . The Front was reorganized into the Separate Coastal Army on November 20 , 1943 during the Kerch - Eltigen Operation , the Soviet amphibious crossing of the Sea of Azov .
Tsili Tsili Airfield Tsili Tsili ( Tsile - Tsile ) Airfield is a former World War II airfield in Morobe Province , Papua New Guinea . The airfield was abandoned after the war and today has almost totally returned to its natural state . History . The area was occupied by Allied forces in the middle of June 1943 . The field was hastily constructed by the United States Army 871st Airborne Engineers . All supplies , food , fuel and equipment had to be flown into the base via C - 47 s from Port Moresby . The first fighters were based at the airfield from the 26 July . Major USAAF units assigned . Other known units at Tsili Tsili were the USAAF 2nd Air Task Force , which was formed for operations around Lae ( 5 August 1943 ) and the RAAF 24 Squadron ( Vultee Vengeance ) in November 1943 and 4 Squadron ( Boomerang ) September 1943 - January 1944 .
Clark L . Ruffner General Clark Louis Ruffner was born January 12 , 1903 , in Buffalo , New York , and graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1924 . Most of his early career was spent in various cavalry units until his appointment as Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics at Norwich University in Vermont from 1937 - 1940 . During World War II , Ruffner first served as Assistant Chief of Staff and then Deputy Chief of Staff for VII Corps from 1942 - 43 . He then went on to become Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for the Hawaiian Department in 1943 . From there , Ruffner became Deputy Chief of Staff , Central Pacific Area , from 1943 – 44 , and Chief of Staff for the U . S . Army , Pacific from 1944 until after the end of the war . At the outbreak of the Korean War , Ruffner was Chief of Staff , X Corps , but soon took command of the 2nd Infantry Division in 1951 from where he was a key commander in the conflict . Ruffner ' s unit occupied the center of the UN line during the Battle of the Soyang River during the Chinese spring offensive . After his command , Ruffner spent the remainder of the war in Washington working on International Security Affairs in the office of the Defense Secretary . In 1954 , Ruffner moved back into the Pacific theater where he successively served as Deputy Commanding General and Commanding General for the U . S . Army , Pacific . From there he became Commanding General , 2nd Armored Division , from 1954 – 56 , and after a tour in Germany , Commanding General of the Third United States Army from 1958 - 60 . During this period , he received promotions to lieutenant general and general . General Ruffner concluded his career as U . S . Representative to NATO , and retired in 1962 . Awards and decorations . His awards include the Silver Star , the Legion of Merit , the Bronze Star , the World War II Victory Medal , the Korean Service Medal , and the United Nations Service Medal . He died on July 26 , 1982 .
19th Army Corps ( France ) The French 19th Army Corps ( ) was formed in 1873 . Anthony Clayton writes that the title of the 19th Army Corps was given to the Army of Africa ( Fr : " Armée d ' Afrique " ) in 1873 . Antoine Chanzy commanded the corps between 1873 and 1879 , at which time the commander also held the post of Governor of Algeria . It was in service since 1873 through to the defeat of France in 1940 . It was reformed after Operation Torch in late 1942 when Vichy French forces in north - west Africa joined the Allies after the German occupation of Vichy France . The Corps order of battle in 1942 ( as far as known ) during this time was : Division de Marche d ' Alger 1er Rgt Tirailleurs Algeriens 9e rgt Tirailleurs Algeriens 3e rgt de Zouaves 2e Rgt Chasseurs d ' Afrique 1er rgt de Spahis Algeriens 65e rgt artillerie Algerien 410e rgt Anti Aerien Division de Marche d¹Oran 2e Rgt Tirailleurs Algeriens 6e Rgt Tirailleurs Algeriens 15e Rgt Tirailleurs Senegalais 1er Rgt Etranger Infanterie Artillerie : 1e et 3e batteries 62e RAA , 2e 66e RAA , 1er 68e RAA . Batteries A / C 47mm ( 2 ? 3 ? Š ) 411e rgt A / A Division de Marche du Maroc : Soit au 27 decembre 1942 : 7e rgt Tirailleurs Marocains 3e rgt Tirailleurs Algeriens 4e Rgt Tirailleurs Tunisiens 3e Rgt Etranger Infanterie 1er Groupe de Tabors Marocains 1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment ( 2 escadrons ? 1 groupe ? ) 2 groupes de 75 1 batterie de 47mm 1 escadron d ' automitrailleuses ( GB ) 1 company of light tanks ( US ) NB sont mentionnés : Renforts d ' artillerie de Montagne ( 2 ou 3 ou 4 batteries ? ) The 19th Corps fought as an Allied formation within the British 1st Army until the surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia .
121st Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 121st Infantry Division ( " 121 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed on March 25 , 1915 , and organized over the next several weeks . It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915 . The division was disbanded in 1919 , during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of regular infantry divisions which were being triangularized . The 60th Infantry Regiment was formerly part of the 10th Infantry Division , the 7th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 9th Reserve Division , and the 56th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 13th Reserve Division . The division was mainly composed of Westphalians . Combat chronicle . The 121st Infantry Division initially fought on the Western Front in World War I , entering the line in the Woëvre region at the beginning of May 1915 , and remaining in that area until March 1916 . It then fought in the Battle of Verdun . It was transferred to the Eastern Front in July 1916 , where it went into the line on the Styr River until the end of the year . It then went into the line near Lake Narač until May 1917 , when it returned to the Western Front . It fought in the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917 , and saw action in the Second Battle of the Marne and the Second Battle of the Somme , also known as the Third Battle of the Somme , in 1918 . It remained in the line until the end of the war . Allied intelligence rated the division as third class . Order of battle on formation . The 121st Infantry Division was formed as a triangular division . The order of battle of the division on March 25 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent relatively few organizational changes over the course of the war . Cavalry was reduced , artillery and signals commands were formed , and combat engineer support was expanded to a full pioneer battalion . The order of battle on April 1 , 1918 was as follows :
Giuseppe Garibaldi II Brigadier - General Giuseppe Garibaldi II ( July 29 , 1879 - May 19 , 1950 ) was an Italian soldier , patriot and revolutionary , grandson of Giuseppe Garibaldi . Garibaldi was born in Melbourne , Australia , the son of Ricciotti Garibaldi and Harriet Constance Hopcraft . Together with his father , he took part in the Greco - Turkish War of 1897 alongside the Greeks and afterwards fought with the liberals against Cipriano Castro in Venezuela , and in other conflicts in South America . He volunteered and served with great distinction with the British Army in the Boer War , carrying with him a sword given to his grandfather by the working men of Tyneside , England , in 1854 . He served as a lieutenant colonel ( " teniente coronel " ) in the army of Francisco Madero during the initial victories of the 1910 Mexican Revolution . Plaza Garibaldi in Mexico City was named in honor of his actions in the battle of Nuevo Casas Grandes . Lt Col Garibaldi was sacked by Pancho Villa because of a bitter controversy over the credit for the victory at first battle of Ciudad Juárez in 1911 , but the name of the plaza ( formerly " Pila de la Habana " ) stuck nonetheless despite the way he left the Army of the Revolution . Garibaldi again served with the Greek Army during the First Balkan War in 1912 . At the outbreak of World War I , Garibaldi joined the French army at the head of the 4e régiment de marche du 1er étranger and later fought on the Italian front . He was promoted to brigadier - general in June , 1918 , retiring from the military one year later . In the 1920s , Garibaldi opposed the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and eventually left Italy for the United States , where he married Madalyn Nichols Taylor . In 1940 , he returned to Italy , where in 1943 he was arrested and imprisoned by Nazi authorities . After the war he retired to private life . He died in Rome in 1950 , at age 71 .
St John Tyrwhitt Admiral Sir St John Reginald Joseph Tyrwhitt , 2nd Baronet KCB DSO DSC ( 18 April 1905 – 10 October 1961 ) was a senior Royal Navy officer who went on to be Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel . Naval career . Tyrwhitt joined the Royal Navy in 1919 . He served in World War II as Commanding Officer of the destroyer HMS " Defender " from 1939 and then as Commander of the destroyer HMS " Juno " from 1940 until it was sunk by Italian bomber s 30 nautical miles off Crete in 1941 . He was given command of the destroyer HMS " Tartar " from 1942 . After inheriting his father ' s baronetcy in 1951 , he assumed command of the cruiser HMS " Newcastle " during the Korean War then became Flag Officer ( Flotillas ) to the Indian Navy in 1956 , Chief of Staff to the Commander - in - Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1958 and Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel in 1959 . He died in office in 1961 , aged 56 . Family . In 1944 he married Nancy Veronica Gilbey .
8th Cavalry Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 8th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army in World War I . It was formed in Belgium in 1914 and served on the Western Front as part of the 3rd Cavalry Division . It left the 3rd Cavalry Division on 14 March 1918 . World War I . Formation . The 3rd Cavalry Division began forming at Ludgershall , Wiltshire in September 1914 with just two cavalry brigades ( the 6th and the 7th ) . To bring the division up to the standard strength of three brigades , the 8th Cavalry Brigade was formed in Belgium on 20 November 1914 . With the addition of its third brigade , 3rd Cavalry Division obtained a third Cavalry Field Ambulance ( 8th , from England on 23 December ) and a third Mobile Veterinary Section ( 20th , from England on 9 March 1915 ) . The Brigade was initially formed with the 10th Royal Hussars from 6th Cavalry Brigade and the Royal Horse Guards from 7th Cavalry Brigade on 20 November . The third regiment , the Essex Yeomanry , did not join from the Eastern Mounted Brigade in England until 11 December . A signal troop joined on formation and G Battery , Royal Horse Artillery ( six 13 pounder s ) joined from V Brigade , RHA of 8th Infantry Division on 25 November . On 29 February 1916 , a Machine Gun Squadron was formed from the machine gun sections of the brigade ' s constituent regiments . Chronicle . The brigade served with the 3rd Cavalry Division on the Western Front until March 1918 . It joined the division too late to take part in any of the 1914 actions , but in 1915 the division saw action in the Second Battle of Ypres ( Battle of Frezenberg Ridge , 11 – 13 May ) and the Battle of Loos ( 26 – 28 September ) . 1916 saw no notable actions , but in 1917 the division took part in the Battle of Arras ( First Battle of the Scarpe , 9 – 12 April ) . At other times , the brigade formed a dismounted unit and served in the trenches ( as a regiment under the command of the brigadier ) . In March 1918 , the 4th ( formerly 1st Indian ) and 5th ( formerly 2nd Indian ) Cavalry Divisions were broken up in France . The Indian elements were sent to Egypt where they formed part of the new 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions which played a major part in the successful conclusion of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . The British and Canadian units remained in France and most of them were transferred to the 3rd Cavalry Division causing it to be extensively reorganized . The yeomanry regiments were concentrated in the 8th Cavalry Brigade ; it left the 3rd Cavalry Division on 14 March 1918 , the day after the Canadian Cavalry Brigade joined from 5th Cavalry Division . It appears to have been dissolved at this point as the constituent regiments ( the Essex , Leicestershire and North Somerset Yeomanry ) were slated to be converted to cyclist units , G Battery , RHA was posted to XVII Brigade , RHA , and 8th MG Squadron joined 7th Cavalry Brigade . Commanders . The 8th Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders :
Battle of Anthony ' s Hill The Battle of Anthony ' s Hill ( also known as the Battle of King ' s Hill or the Battle of Devil ' s Gap ) was an engagement that occurred December 25 , 1864 , in Tennessee during the American Civil War between combined Confederate cavalry and infantry units commanded by Maj . Gen . Nathan Bedford Forrest and Union forces commanded by Maj . Gen . James H . Wilson . The battle was a part of the 1864 Middle Tennessee Campaign . General Forrest had been assigned by Lt . General John B . Hood to the command of the rear guard of the Army of Tennessee , which was in flight following the military disaster experienced at the Battle of Nashville on December 15 – 16 , 1864 . After evacuating Pulaski , Tennessee , on the evening of December 24 , Forrest was confronted with the problem of slowing Wilson ' s aggressive pursuit enough so that the Confederate army could complete the final 40 miles of its retreat to the Tennessee River . Believing he was pursuing an enemy ripe for capture , Wilson had his troops on the road early on Christmas Day . By 3 : 00 p . m . he was several miles south of Pulaski when he encountered Forrest ' s skirmishers . Without hesitation he sent in pursuit three regiment s of dismounted cavalry into a heavily wooded gorge leading to the top of Anthony ' s Hill . Good progress was made until a rail barricade was encountered . Here Forrest had posted his two brigade s of infantry and two brigades of cavalry along with three masked field pieces . In moments the Federal troops had been blasted back by heavy musketry in the direction from which they came , with Forrest ' s men in rapid pursuit . Soon they encountered an additional brigade of Wilson ' s troops who quickly joined the retreat . After capturing a Federal cannon , the Confederates continued in pursuit an additional half - mile until they struck a full division of Union cavalry . At this point Forrest had chosen to disengage . His victorious troops returned up the hill to their original positions at the barricades , and then finally withdrew under the cover of darkness further south to Sugar Creek . Forrest , who had already established a reputation for bold offensive action , displayed at Anthony ' s Hill an equal mastery of defensive warfare . His stands there and the following day at Sugar Creek bought important time for the stricken army to flee for safety behind the Tennessee River . That the Army of Tennessee survived to cross the river safely on December 26 – 28 barely hours ahead of their pursuers , and continued to fight into the following spring is due almost completely to Forrest ' s performance in delaying the Union pursuit .