naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Morgan ' s Riflemen Morgan ' s Riflemen or Morgan ' s Rifles , previously Morgan ' s Sharpshooters , and the one named Provisional Rifle Corps , were an elite light infantry unit commanded by General Daniel Morgan in the United States Revolutionary War , which served a vital role executing his tasks because it was equipped with what was then the cutting - edge rifle instead of musket s , allowing superior accuracy at an up to ten times the distance of the typical troops of the day . History . Daniel Morgan got his start in the Revolutionary War in 1776 as the Captain of a small rifle unit set up by the state of Virginia , one of 10 such units commissioned by Congress . Morgan ' s had 69 men , and quickly got the nickname Morgan ' s Sharpshooters . Morgan ' s most significant action in this period was support for the invasion of Canada , and the Battle of Quebec in which he was seen as a hero , despite General Benedict Arnold ' s overall failure and their subsequent capture . In early 1777 , when Morgan was freed from captivity , he was commissioned as a Colonel and assigned command of the 11th Virginia Regiment , and a few months later was also instructed by George Washington to form a Provisional Rifle Corps , men skilled with the use of the long rifle , from his and other nearby regiments . Having done so , his first assignment was to harass Colonel William Howe as he retreated through New Jersey . Morgan did so by having his 500 riflemen snipe the enemy troops as they moved , using their longer range to do so from safety , an unusual tactic for that day . Sent to join the northern army headed by General Horatio Gates , Morgan ' s Riflemen helped establish better conditions for the coming Battle of Saratoga , by a series of quick attacks on their Indian allies , driving them back in order to interfere with British intelligence of the American troops ' movements . His Riflemen proved pivotal in several engagements , including driving back an advanced unit all the way to the enemy ' s main forces , and later helping turn the main battle by attacking from the right flank , and is credited with forcing the British retreat . After a series of similar successes , Morgan left active service for a year , then joined the southern army with Nathaniel Greene . There his Riflemen ' s string of successes were capped when they were again pivotal in a key victory , the Battle of Cowpens . Facing a superior British line commanded by Colonel Banastre Tarleton , they met it head - on to fire three rounds ( before the marching British muskets were in range ) , conducting a planned withdrawal to another location and duplicating the effort , then joined the main force against the now - depleted and disheartened British lines , who quickly fell into retreat . This was seen as the worst British defeat since the battle at Saratoga , both victories credited to Morgan ' s Riflemen and described as key turning points in the war . Popular Media . Morgan ' s Riflemen were a key model for the fictional unit portrayed in the hit movie The Patriot , by Mel Gibson .
Iranian frigate Sahand Iranian frigate " Sahand " ( in Persian سهند ) , a British - made Vosper Mark V class frigate ( also known as " Alvand " class frigate ) , was commissioned as part of a four - ship order . The ship was originally called " Faramarz " , named after a character in Ferdosi ' s Shahnameh . However after the 1979 Islamic Revolution , it was renamed " Sahand " , after the Sahand volcano . The Iranian Navy ship was sunk in Operation Praying Mantis on 18 April 1988 . Located by two American A - 6E Intruders of Attack Squadron 95 steaming roughly ten miles southwest of Larak Island , she was hit by two Harpoon missile s and two AGM - 123 Skipper II laser - guided bombs . A pair of Rockeye cluster bombs from the aircraft and a single Harpoon from the USS " Joseph Strauss " ( DDG - 16 ) finished off the ship . Left heavily aflame , dead in the water and listing to port , the " Sahand " burned for several hours before fire reached her ammunition magazines and detonated , sinking the ship in over 200 meters ( 656 feet ) of water southwest of Larak Island . Iran is building a Moudge class ship named Sahand in memory of the original Sahand .
Adrian Gore ( British Army officer ) Brigadier Adrian Clements Gore DSO ( 14 May 1900 in Dunoon , Scotland - 7 June 1990 in Horton Priory , Kent ) won fame as a schoolboy cricketer for Eton College and was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1919 . Gore was a fast - medium bowler with a devastating late in - swing who demolished both adult and other schoolboy cricketers in 1918 , having apparently not played the sport before . He took 51 wickets in all that season , at an average of 7 . 51 runs per wicket . With no first - class cricket played in the season , Wisden picked Gore and four other public school cricketers for its regular five Cricketers of the Year feature the following year . By then , Gore was in the Army ( in the Rifle Brigade ) , where he rose to the rank of brigadier and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order . From 1921 to 1932 , he played occasional first - class games for services and other amateur teams , finishing with 52 first - class career wickets at the respectable average of 21 runs apiece . He rose to the rank of Brigadier during World War II , successively commanding the 7th Motor , 2nd Infantry and 61st Infantry Brigade s . He also briefly commanded the 6th Armoured Division while the division was on occupation duty in Austria .
HMS Powderham ( M2720 ) HMS " Powderham " was one of 93 ships of the of inshore minesweepers . Their names were all chosen from villages ending in " - ham " . The minesweeper was named after Powderham in Devon . In 1960 she was selected to be converted to an inshore survey vessel and was renamed HMS " Waterwitch " . For a while she was manned by civilian Port Auxiliary Service personnel and was named PAS " Waterwitch " . In Dec 1998 she was operated by a voluntary , non profit making group of ex Royal Navy and Merchant Navy personnel , who with the co - operation of participating local authorities and other interested organisations offered a shipboard training facility for disadvantaged young people . < br >
United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine The U . S . Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine ( USARIEM ) is the U . S Army ’ s main institution and facility for military environmental medicine and exercise physiology research . It is located at Natick , Massachusetts , within the U . S . Army Soldier Systems Center ( SSC ) installation , but is a subordinate lab of the U . S . Army Medical Research and Materiel Command ( USAMRMC ) , headquartered at Fort Detrick , MD , USA . Mission . USARIEM ’ s " Mission Statement " mandates that the Institute : There are four divisions , Biophysical and Biomedical Modeling , Military Nutrition , Military Performance and Thermal and Mountain Medicine that focus on the " servicemember " ( acclimation ; body size ; gender ; race ; age ; health ; hydration ; nutrition ; fitness ; and sleep status ) , the " environment " ( temperature ; wind ; humidity ; and altitude ) , and the " mission " ( work — intensity , duration , and type ; clothing and equipment ; and medications ) . History . USARIEM traces its institutional lineage back to 1927 and the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory . That facility fostered two institutions that ultimately merged . The first was the Climatic Research Laboratory in Lawrence , MA ( 1943 – 54 ) , which relocated to Natick in 1954 under the new name of the Environmental Protection Research Division ( EPRD ) of the U . S . Army ’ s Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command . The second was the Armored Medical Research Laboratory ( AMRL ) at Fort Knox , KY ( 1942 – 61 ) elements of which joined with the EPRD in 1961 to constitute the present USARIEM facility and organization . Products and capabilities . USARIEM ’ s basic and applied research capabilities are focused upon biomedical evaluations , health hazard assessments , countermeasures development and a rapid response to a diverse range of environmental threats and problems . Products include individual soldier equipment and rations ; guidelines pertaining to training policy and preventive medicine ; and performance monitoring strategies and predictive algorithms . Research Divisions . Research divisions within USARIEM consist of Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling ( which develops biomedical models to simulate effects of heat , cold , high altitude , hydration , nutritional status and clothing systems and equipment ) , Military Performance ( which researches performance enhancements ( physical , cognitive , behavioral , psychomotor ) in military occupational tasks ) , Military Nutrition ( which researches nutritional issues , including new rations , affecting servicemembers ) , and Thermal and Mountain Medicine ( which researches physical and cognitive work capabilities and medical problems associated with military operations at high altitude or temperature extremes ) . Facilities . USARIEM maintains several unique or highly specialized facilities :
Sembawang Air Base " " HMS Simbang " , " " RAF Sembawang " " , " " RNAS Sembawang " " & " " Sembawang Airfield " " redirects here . Sembawang Air Base is a military airbase of the Republic of Singapore Air Force located at Sembawang , in the northern part of Singapore . The base motto is " " Dare and Will " " . RAF Sembawang . Prior to Singapore ' s independence from the United Kingdom , it was a Royal Air Force station known as RAF Sembawang as well as being the Royal Naval Air Station - HMS Simbang - to the carrier pilots of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm ( attached to the Eastern Fleet based in Singapore ) who used it for rest and refit whenever an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy berthed at the nearby HMNB Singapore for refuel and repairs , which also housed the largest Royal Navy dockyard east of Suez up to the time of UK forces withdrawal from Singapore . After the Japanese capture of Singapore during World War II , the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service took over the two RAF stations of Sembawang and Seletar . Singapore was split into north - south spheres of control , and the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force took over RAF Tengah . It was not until September 1945 that the two airfields reverted to British control following the Japanese surrender . RAF Sembawang was a key part of Britain ' s continued military presence in the Far East ( along with the three other RAF bases in Singapore : RAF Changi , RAF Seletar , RAF Tengah ) during the critical period of the Malayan Emergency ( 1948 – 1960 ) , the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and the Indonesia – Malaysia confrontation ( 1962 – 1966 ) . The base was renamed Sembawang Air Base ( SBAB ) in 1971 when it was handed over to the Singapore Air Defence Command ( SADC ) . From 1971 to 1976 , under the auspices of the Five Power Defence Arrangements ( FPDA ) , Sembawang housed British , Australian and New Zealand forces . In 1983 , the airbase became a full fledged rotary - wing air base when the first resident helicopter squadron - 120 Squadron - was permanently relocated from Changi Air Base . Currently , there are approximately 100 helicopters based in Sembawang Air Base , almost all are operating in support of the Singapore Army and the Republic of Singapore Navy . It is the home base to all the RSAF helicopter squadrons , consisting of AS - 332 Super Pumas , CH - 47SD Chinooks , Sikorsky S - 70B ( derivative of Sikorsky SH - 60 Seahawk ) naval helicopters , as well as the Fennecs and UH - 1Hs , which are currently stored in reserve . Recently added to the base are the AH - 64D Longbow Apache attack helicopters . The Flying squadrons are : The Support Squadrons are : Currently , the RSAF ' s Chong Pang Camp SADA ( Singapore Air Defence Artillery ) , with its associated Air Defence assets , is also located within the compound of the air base as well as the famous local Sembawang Hot Spring .
United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Training Company The United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Training Company trains Marines in the amphibious environment as a Reconnaissance Man , MOS 0321 . It is under the Advanced Infantry Training Battalion ( AITB ) of the School of Infantry ( West ) , Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton , California . Scout Sniper Course . The 50 - day Scout Sniper Basic Course provides the operating forces with qualified Scout Sniper s with the MOS 0317 , who are proficient with advanced scouting and marksmanship skills . Marines Awaiting Reconnaissance Training . This is the platoon that all junior Marines go to while preparing for BRC . It is an intensive workout program that develops the Marines to the standards they need to be at to successfully complete BRC . Basic Reconnaissance Course . BRC is 65 days long with an average training day of 15 . 5 hours and introduces the students to the amphibious reconnaissance environment . During this tenure , they gain working knowledge of the reconnaissance doctrines , concepts and techniques that emphasize ground and amphibious reconnaissance missions . Also , they learn the fundamentals of all types of weapons ( air , sea , and land ) that are employed in supporting arms such as calling and adjusting naval gunfire , artillery , and close air support . The BRC was relocated in 2007 from the Amphibious Reconnaissance School s ( ARS ) on Fort Story at Little Creek , Virginia and Expeditionary Warfare Training Group at Coronado , California to the School of Infantry ( West ) on MCB Camp Pendleton . This facilitated the reconstruction of the course ' s training protocol and to meet the demands of 600 more recon Marines per year . Candidates are issued a rope ; at any time instructors will demand candidates tie knots of the instructor ' s choice . Due to that practice , the candidates are often known as " ropers " . The term " ropers " was borrowed from the Reconnaissance Indoctrination Platoon ( indoc platoon ) which was dissolved in 2004 . Students practice day and night learning to operate behind enemy lines and how to conduct immediate action drills . Surveillance and reconnaissance skills such as photography with field and underwater cameras are taught along with field sketching and range estimations . In addition , Recon students learn insertion / extraction techniques in Combat Rubber Raiding Craft ( CRRC ) and Helicopter Rope Suspension Training ( HRST ) . Even though every Marine has learned to read a map and compass and to patrol beginning in boot camp , BRC training is more in depth to ensure that the candidates will operate efficiently in small 4 to 6 man recon teams . Upon graduation , Marines receive the 0321 MOS , " Reconnaissance Man . " Navy Corpsmen who complete the BRC receive the " Fleet Marine Force Reconnaissance Corpsman " , or 8427 NEC . For those Marines who are already qualified as parachutists and combatant divers , particularly recon Marines assigned to Force Reconnaissance companies , the special " B " 0326 MOS , " Reconnaissance Marine , Parachutist / Combatant Diver Qualified " is assigned . The course encompasses :
Mission Need Statement A Mission Needs Statement ( MNS ) is a U . S . Department of Defense type of document which identifies capability needs for a program to satisfy by a combination of material and non - material solution ( DOTMLPF ) to resolve a mission deficiency or to enhance operational capability . This term was introduced as a fundamental step in CJCSI 3170 . 01B ( Apr 2001 ) , 6212 . 01D ( Apr 2005 ) , and the Interim Defense Acquisition Guidebook ( Oct 2004 ) . This type of document has been superseded by the description of capability needs called an Initial Capabilities Document , as of CJCSI 3170 . 01E .
Battle of Żyrzyn The Battle of Żyrzyn took place on August 8 , 1863 in Puławy County , Poland , between a small detachment of Russian troops and a force of Polish troops under the command of General Michal Heidenreich . The Russian force of 500 soldiers and two cannon were escorting a load of 200 , 000 rubles for the Russian army , 140 , 000 of which was captured by the Polish forces , along with 282 prisoners of war . Of the remaining Russian troops , 181 were killed , and 87 men escaped along with the remaining 60 , 000 rubles . The embarrassing defeat was widely reported on by the European press , and throughout the January Uprising s the Polish rebels counted the engagement , one of may similar small battles , as a " great victory " .
William L . Hudson Captain William Levereth Hudson , USN ( 11 May 1794 – 15 October 1862 ) was a United States Navy officer in the first half of the 19th century . Career . Hudson was born 11 May 1794 in Brooklyn . His first service afloat was in the Mediterranean Squadron under Commodore William Bainbridge in the schooner " Alert " and sloop - of - war " Ontario " from 1815 to 1817 . Hudson was appointed midshipman 1 January 1816 . In 1821 – 1823 he served in " Dolphin " on the Pacific coast of South America , and in " Warren " for a Mediterranean cruise 1826 – 1829 . In 1830 – 1831 Hudson accompanied Lieutenant Ramsey on a tour to Russia , and then assumed duty at the New York Navy Yard . In June 1838 he was ordered to command " Peacock " , attached to Commander Charles Wilkes ' s exploring expedition , second in command overall . After strenuous service in the Antarctic , the South Seas , and along the coast of North America , " Peacock " was wrecked 18 July 1841 while attempting to cross the bar and enter the Columbia River on Wilkes ' orders . Commander Hudson made every effort to free his ship but was forced to leave her , fortunately saving all his men and the scientific papers . In September 1849 , after shore and lighthouse duty , he was ordered to command " Vincennes " , cruising the Pacific until 1852 . In March 1857 Hudson , appointed captain 8 October 1855 , assumed command of " Niagara " . That August , in conjunction with British ships , he made the first attempt at laying a transatlantic cable . This try was unsuccessful , but a second attempt met with success 10 August 1858 . After commanding the Boston Navy Yard 1858 – 1862 , Captain Hudson was made Inspector of the 3d Light House District . He died 15 October 1862 in Brooklyn , aged 68 . Namesakes . Three ships have been named USS " Hudson " in his honor .
SM UB - 112 SM " UB - 112 " was a German Type UB III submarine or U - boat in the German Imperial Navy ( ) during World War I . She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 16 April 1918 as SM " UB - 112 " . " UB - 112 " was surrendered to Britain on 24 November 1918 in accordance with the requirements of the Armistice with Germany and broken up in Falmouth in 1921 . Construction . She was built by Blohm & Voss of Hamburg and following just under a year of construction , launched at Hamburg on 15 September 1917 . " UB - 112 " was commissioned in the spring the next year . Like all Type UB III submarines , " UB - 112 " carried 10 torpedoes and was armed with a deck gun . " UB - 112 " would carry a crew of up to 3 officer and 31 men and had a cruising range of . " UB - 112 " had a displacement of while surfaced and when submerged . Her engines enabled her to travel at when surfaced and when submerged .
Antonov An - 71 The Antonov An - 71 ( NATO reporting name : Madcap ) was a Soviet AWACS aircraft intended for use with VVS FA ( Fighter Bomber ) forces of the Soviet Air Force . Its design was based on An - 72 , with a completely redesigned rear fuselage supporting the rotodome of the radar atop the broad chord forward swept fin . The cargo hold held the electronic equipment and six operators stations . Development never progressed past the prototype stage , the first of which flew on 12 July 1985 . The program was canceled , with the fall of the Soviet Union when issues with the RADAR [ Vega - M Kvant ] could not be resolved . In 2010 , one example was transferred to Ukraine State Aviation Museum for restoration and display . Soviet Air Force AWACS doctrine . Prior to the fall of the Soviet Union the Air Force was divided into three aircraft based groups of units . They were the VVS - DA ( Voenno - Vozdushnye Sily Dal ' naya Aviatsiya ) or Long Range Aviation ( Bombers ) , VVS - FA ( Voenno - Vozdushnye Sily Frontovaya Aviatsiya ) ( Fighters , Fighter Bombers and Attack aircraft ) and the VVS - VTA ( Voenno - Vozdushnye Sily Voenno - Transportnaya Aviatsiya ) or Military Transport aircraft . The PVO ( Voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony or Voyska PVO ) which was the primary defensive fighter , Interceptor and surface based defensive force was in no way part of the VVS . This means the A - 50 Mainstay AWACS aircraft and its predecessor the Tu - 126 Moss both served exclusively with the Voyska PVO and did not assist in the direction of day to day tactical aircraft . The An - 71 was designed to be used overland to support the FA . This doctrine of each force having its own AWACS plane is contrary to most Western air forces use of land based AWACS aircraft . This doctrine difference lead in part to the fallacy that the An - 71 was designed to be used by on the Russia Aircraft Carriers . Carrier based variant . It should be noted that the An - 71 Madcap is often cited as a carrier based AWACS aircraft . In short it was not as is already described above under AWACS doctrine . However a highly modified design , the An - 75 , was proposed for use on the Soviet Aircraft Carriers under construction but the AVMF ( Soviet Naval Aviation ) canceled its development when it was realized that too much of a re - design would be needed to make the An - 75 safe to operate off of any of the proposed aircraft carriers . The AVMF or Aviatsiya Voenno - Morskogo Flota ( Literally Aviation for the Military Maritime Fleet , ) decided to seek a second purpose built AWACS proposal using an improved Kvant - M version of the existing An - 71 / An - 75 ' s Kvant Radar by the Vega - M design bureau . The An - 75 , if built would have had engines mounted under the wing rather than above , similar to the later An - 74TK - 300 , and had many other structural and aerodynamic changes . In the end the An - 75 would have only shared a slight commonality with the An - 71 / An - 72 aircraft families and was deemed to costly to continue in - light of the clean sheet design the Yak - 44E .
Seventh / Thirteenth United States Air Force The Seventh / Thirteenth Air Force was organized on 6 January 1966 and stationed at Udon Thani , Thailand . It was an independent air division that took orders from two different commands . The commander of the unit reported to the Seventh Air Force ( based at Ton Son Nhut Air Base outside Saigon , Republic of Vietnam ) , on operational matters and to the Thirteenth Air Force , ( based at Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines ) on logistical and administrative matters . The mission of the Seventh / Thirteenth Air Force was originally to conduct bombing operations in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( Operation " Rolling Thunder " ) ; to carry out interdiction missions against the People ' s Army of Vietnam ' s logistical network in southeastern Laos known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail ( Operation " Steel Tiger " ) ; and to support the clandestine war in northern Laos ( Operation " Barrel Roll " ) . After 1 November 1968 , " Rolling Thunder " came to an end and the unit was dedicated to its Laotian operations . The Seventh / Thirteenth also participated in the massive Operation " Commando Hunt " , which was , in turn , supported by the sensors and computers of Operation " Igloo White " , based at Nakhon Phanom , Thailand . At the peak of its operations in 1968 , the unit numbered 35 , 000 personnel and 600 aircraft . Its major combat units included the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing , the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing , the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing , the 432d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing , the 553d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing , and the 56th Special Operations Wing .