naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Charles Hernu Charles Hernu ( 3 July 1923 – 17 January 1990 ) was a French socialist politician . He served as Minister of Defence from 1981 to 1985 , until forced to resign over the bombing of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in New Zealand . Biography . Hernu was born in Quimper , Finistère , but received part of his higher education in Belgium . In 1946 he was a student at the Catholic University of Leuven in that country . There , he was one of the founders of a fraternity named " Reuzegom " . During this period he was known by the codename " Charles the invincible " , which referred to his growing alcohol abuse habits and perseverance in seducing women . Also , in these days , Charles developed his deep aversion toward environmental activists . Hernu began his career working in the National Center of Foreign Trade ( C . N . C . E . ) . In 1953 , he created the " Club of the Jacobins " , which ideologically was near to the radical ( though non - communist ) left , and which supported future Prime Minister Pierre Mendès France . On 2 January 1956 ( after Mendès France had lost the Prime Ministry but was still a powerful cabinet figure ) , Hernu was elected to the French legislature from the 6th sector of the Seine ( Aubervilliers , Saint - Denis , Montreuil , Vincennes ) , on the Republican Front ticket . After the accession of Charles de Gaulle to the presidency , he lost his seat in Parliament . In 1962 , Hernu allied himself with the increasingly prominent Socialist Party figure François Mitterrand . During the 1970s , he became the Socialist Party ' s specialist on defence affairs , military and nuclear questions . In April 1974 , he formed the " Coran " , or convention of the reserve officers for the new army , which amalgamated with the Commission of the Defence of the PS . Three years later , he was elected mayor of Villeurbanne , which became an appointive position the following year ( but which he continued to hold till his death ) . Hernu was made Minister for Defence after the victory of Mitterrand in the presidential election of 1981 . He held this position in the successive governments led by Prime Ministers Pierre Mauroy and Laurent Fabius . Rainbow Warrior bombing . On 10 July 1985 , two bombs were exploded on board the Greenpeace ship " Rainbow Warrior " while in the port of Auckland , New Zealand by agents of the DGSE . This attack caused the death of Fernando Pereira , a Dutch photographer of Portuguese origins . A scandal erupted and led to Hernu ' s resignation two months later . Hernu died in Villeurbanne , aged 66 . After his death more reports emerged as to his political activities . In 1996 , the magazine " L ' Express " published articles claiming that , under the code names " André " and " Dinu " , Hernu had been an agent of the Soviet Union . In 2005 , the newspaper " Le Monde " published extracts of a 1986 report by the former chief of the DGSE , Admiral Pierre Lacoste . According to the newspaper , Admiral Lacoste affirmed that the French spies who planted the bombs acted under the orders of Mitterrand himself ( who had died nine years earlier ) .
Robert E . Bailey Robert E . Bailey is a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force Reserve Command . Career . Bailey joined the United States Air Force in 1975 . In 1976 , he was assigned to the 96th Bombardment Wing . He would then be assigned to the 919th Special Operations Group . After transferring to the Reserve Command , Bailey was assigned to the 96th Tactical Airlift Squadron at Minneapolis - Saint Paul International Airport in Hennepin County , Minnesota . Following a tour of duty with the Fourth Air Force , he was assigned to O ' Hare Air Reserve Station north of Chicago , Illinois . From there , he became a special assistant to the Commander of the 440th Airlift Wing at General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . In 1999 , Bailey was named Assistant Vice Commander of the Twenty - Second Air Force . He then became Inspector General at Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command . In 2005 , he became Director of Installations and Military Support at Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command . Awards he has received include the Legion of Merit , the Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters , the Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster and the Armed Forces Reserve Medal .
Kuwait Naval Base Kuwait Naval Base ( Sheikh Muhammad Naser al - Ahmad Naval Base ) is a Kuwaiti naval base on the on the eastern coast of Kuwait . The base is also used by the United States Fifth Fleet using the name Camp Patriot . It is used by US and Kuwaiti forces to conduct military operations and training exercises . The naval base also has a heliport with the ICAO designator OKNB .
Wilber Marion Brucker Wilber Marion Brucker ( June 23 , 1894 – October 28 , 1968 ) Early life . Brucker was born in Saginaw , Michigan , the son of Democratic U . S . Representative Ferdinand Brucker . He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School in 1916 and enlisted in the Michigan National Guard , serving with its 33rd Infantry Regiment on the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition from 1916 - 1917 . He attended Officer Training Camp at Fort Sheridan , Illinois , and was commissioned a second lieutenant . Brucker served in France during World War I with the 166th Infantry , 42d Division , in the Château Thierry , St . Mihiel , and Meuse - Argonne operations , 1917 – 1918 . He received the Silver Star and Purple Heart , and remained a member of the Officer Reserve Corps until 1937 . Politics . A Republican , after the war , Brucker was assistant prosecuting attorney of Saginaw County from 1919 to 1923 , and then prosecuting attorney from 1923 to 1927 . He married Clara Hantel in 1923 . He served as assistant attorney general of Michigan , 1927 – 1928 , and as Michigan Attorney General , 1928 – 1930 . In 1930 he was elected as Michigan ' s 32nd Governor , serving one term until being defeated in 1932 by Democrat William Comstock . During his two years in office , the police force in Michigan increased and a new state police headquarters in Lansing was authorized . Also Michigan enacted legislation that allowed grand juries to investigate allegations of municipal government fraud and mismanagement . In 1936 , Brucker defeated incumbent U . S . Senator James Couzens in the Republican primary elections , but lost to Democrat Prentiss M . Brown in the general election . He was a member of the law firm of Clark , Klein , Brucker , and Waples , 1937 – 1954 , and served as General Counsel of the Department of Defense from 1954 to 1955 , during the Army - McCarthy Hearings . In 1955 , Brucker was appointed by U . S . President Dwight D . Eisenhower as Secretary of the Army , serving from July 21 , 1955 to January 19 , 1961 . Brucker administered the Army during a period of major technological advance , especially in the missile - satellite field , and at a time when the Army ’ s place in the national defense structure was overshadowed by a philosophy of " massive retaliation " . Under his direction the Army instituted a five - element ( pentagonal ) organization concept for the division , established a Strategic Army Corps for emergency reaction , and launched the United States ’ first satellite , Explorer I . Death . He returned to legal practice in Detroit with the firm of Brucker and Brucker , 1961 – 1968 , and was a member of the Board of Directors of Freedoms Foundation . He died in Detroit on October 28 , 1968 , and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Legacy . Brucker Hall at Joint Base Myer - Henderson Hall is named for him .
74th Brigade ( United Kingdom ) The 74th Brigade was a formation of the British Army . It was raised as part of the new army also known as Kitchener ' s Army and assigned to the 25th Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War .
Frank B . James Frank B . James ( March 21 , 1912 – December 9 , 2004 ) was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force Biography . James was born on March 21 , 1912 in Delavan , Wisconsin . In 1937 James graduated with a B . A . from the University of California , Los Angeles . James died on December 9 , 2004 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . Career . James originally joined the United States Army Air Corps in 1937 . His first assignment was with the 79th Pursuit Squadron , 20th Pursuit Group . In 1941 James was named commanding officer of the 50th Flying Training Squadron , 14th Fighter Group . James was named commanding officer of the 55th Fighter Group in 1943 . It was during this time that the 55th Fighter Group was deployed to the United Kingdom to take part in World War II . James became Chief of Combat Operations , Headquarters VIII Fighter Command , Eighth Air Force in March 1944 . In October 1944 James was named Director of Fighter , Headquarters Eight Air Force . He held this position until January 1945 , when he was named Director of Operations , Headquarters Eight Air Force . Following his service in the War , James became commanding officer of McChord Field and was a member of the faculty at the Air Command and Staff College . James graduated from Armed Forces Staff College in 1948 and held a faculty position there until 1950 when he was appointed as the U . S . Air Attaché to the Embassy of the United States in Moscow . In 1951 James was named Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence and Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations , Headquarters Twelfth Air Force . James graduated from the Air War College in 1954 and that same year was named Air Force Assistant Director , Joint Intelligence Group , Joint Staff of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . In 1956 James was again appointed U . S . Air Attaché , this time to the Embassy of the United States in London . Following that assignment , James was named Deputy Chief of Staff - Intelligence and Deputy Chief of Staff - Programs of the North American Aerospace Defense Command . His retirement was effective as of June 1 , 1968 . Awards he received include the Legion of Merit .
X Reserve Corps ( German Empire ) The X Reserve Corps ( ) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I . Formation . X Reserve Corps was formed on the outbreak of the war in August 1914 as part of the mobilisation of the Army . It was initially commanded by General der Infanterie Günther Graf von Kirchbach , formerly President of the Military Tribunal . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 4th Army , " Heeresgruppe Kronprinz " Rupprecht on the Western Front . Structure on formation . On formation in August 1914 , X Reserve Corps consisted of two divisions , made up of reserve units . In general , Reserve Corps and Reserve Divisions were weaker than their active counterparts In summary , X Reserve Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions , 9 machine gun companies ( 54 machine guns ) , 6 cavalry squadrons , 12 field artillery batteries ( 72 guns ) and 3 pioneer companies . Despite its name , 2nd Guards Reserve Division was not formed by units drawn predominantly from the Guards Corps but from II Corps District ( divisional cavalry ) , VII Corps District ( 26th Reserve Infantry Brigade ) and X Corps District ( 38th Reserve Infantry Brigade , field artillery regiment and pioneers ) . Combat chronicle . On mobilisation , X Reserve Corps was assigned to the 2nd Army as part of the right wing of the forces that invaded France and Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 . Commanders . X Reserve Corps had the following commanders during its existence :
Willy Unger Willy Unger ( 27 March 1920 – 23 June 2005 ) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership . During his career he was credited with roughly 24 aerial victories — that is , 24 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft . Career . Willy Unger was born on 27 March 1920 in Warstein . Already as a teenager , he became a skilled glider pilot . In September 1939 he joined the Luftwaffe and was accepted as an aircraft mechanic ( " Flugzeugmechaniker " ) in spite of his qualifications as pilot . Only in early 1943 Unger began his training as a fighter pilot , being incorporated into the I . / Jagdgeschwader 104 ( JG 104 — 104th Fighter Wing ) . In December 1943 when he completing his training was promoted to " Unteroffizier " . In January 1944 , Unger was appointed to serve on 12 . / Jagdgeschwader 3 " Udet " ( JG 3 — 3rd Fighter Wing ) , commanded by Major Franz Beyer ( 81 aerial victories and Knight ' s Cross recipient ) . He claimed his first victory on 11 April 1944 , when he shot down a B - 17 Flying Fortress . Later that month , Unger added a total of eight four - engine bombers shot down . On 8 May 1944 he was shot down by defensive fire from one of the B - 17s , but managed to make a successful landing . Awarded the Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe on 21 June 1944 , Unger hit two B - 24 Liberator over the town of Oschersleben on 7 July 1944 , claiming his 10th and 11th victories . On 3 August 1944 he shot down two further B - 24s , but his Focke Wulf Fw 190 A - 8 was hit again , forcing him to abandon his aircraft . In August 1944 Unger vas awarded the German Cross in Gold . On 23 October 1944 , when he accounted for a total of 19 four - engine bombers , the " Oberfeldwebel " Willi Unger was awarded the Knight ' s Cross of the Iron Cross . Promoted to " Leutnant " ( second lieutenant ) in December 1944 , Unger was transferred to III . / JG 3 on the Eastern Front in February 1945 . On this front , he would claim his last three victories of the war . At the end of March 1945 , he was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 7 " Nowotny " ( JG 7 — 7th Fighter Wing ) operating the revolutionary Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter without claiming further aerial victories . Willy Unger was captured by American forces in May 1945 and was released later that month . During his career he was credited with between 22 – 24 aerial victories in 59 missions . He recorded at least 21 victories over the Western Front , all four - engine bombers . Willi Unger died on 23 June 2005 in the town of Warstein , at 85 years of age .
Confederate Patent Office The Confederate Patent Office was the agency of the Confederate States of America charged with issuing patents on invention s . The Chief Clerk during its entire existence was Rufus R . Rhodes of Mississippi who resigned his post at the United States Patent Office after the election of Abraham Lincoln . The Confederate Patent Office is known to have issued 266 patents , and likely it issued some more during the early months of 1865 . Unfortunately , the records it contained were destroyed in a fire . Very few patent documents issued by the CPO , likely fewer than 10 , are known to survive . The first patent was issued to James H . Van Houten of Savannah , Georgia on August 1 , 1861 for a " breech - loading gun " . One of the more well - known Confederate patents ( at least based on the results ) was Patent No . 100 , granted to John Mercer Brooke for the design of the Confederate ironclad ship " Merrimack " , more properly known as the CSS " Virginia " .
German submarine U - 312 German submarine " U - 312 " was a Type VIIC U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . The submarine was laid down on 10 April 1942 at the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as ' werk ' 312 , launched on 27 February 1943 and commissioned on 21 April under the command of " Kapitänleutnant " Kurt - Heinz Nicolay . During her career , the U - boat sailed on eight combat patrols , but sank no ships . She surrendered in May 1945 and was sunk as part of Operation " Deadlight " , in November 1945 . She was a member of eight wolfpack s . Service history . After training with the 8th U - boat Flotilla , " U - 312 " was transferred to the 6th flotilla , for front - line service on 1 December 1943 . She made the short voyage from Kiel in Germany to Bergen in Norway in the first half of January 1944 . 1st , 2nd and 3rd patrols . She left Bergen on 23 January 1944 and travelled through the north Norwegian Sea and southwest of Bear Island , arriving in Hammerfest on 29 February . Her second patrol was similar to the first , sailing through the Norwegian , Greenland and Barents Seas . She docked at Narvik on 12 April 1944 . The boat sortied for a third time from Narvik on 29 April 1944 . She arrived back at that port on 13 May and moved to Trondheim . 4th and 5th patrols . Her fourth foray was relatively uneventful , starting and finishing in Narvik . The submarine ' s fifth patrol was only notable for clearing the North Cape and passing east of Murmansk . 6th , 7th and 8th patrols . Patrol number six was slightly different in that it took her as far as the northern Scottish coast , arriving there on 24 December 1944 . The boat was now based at Kilbotn , from whence she sailed on her seventh and eighth patrols . Surrender and fate . Following the German capitulation , " U - 312 " was moved , first from Kilbotn to Narvik , then to Skjomen fjord before arriving at Loch Eriboll in Scotland on 19 May 1945 in preparation for Operation " Deadlight . She was finally transferred to Lisahally and sunk on 29 November by the guns of HMS " Onslow " .
Ueda Castle It was this castle that the Sanada defended twice from the Tokugawa , first in 1583 and again in 1600 , putting up a very impressive defense both of those times . When Sanada Masayuki refused to hand over the Numata Castle to Tokugawa Ieyasu , it led to The Battle at Kami River . During the battle , Ieyasu charged into the Ueda Castle with a very large army . But Masayuki was ready , having an ambush party ready to attack . This effectively threw the Tokugawa army into great confusion , causing them great losses in numbers . Masayuki and his son Sanada Yukimura both faced off against the Tokugawa once again at the Battle of Sekigahara . The Sanada announced their surrender , but this surrender was all part of Masayuki ' s plan . He wanted to make them think he was truly surrendering , but instead Masayuki was really in preparation for the defense of the Ueda Castle . When Tokugawa Hidetada was alerted of the Sanada clan ' s plot , Hidetada began to mobilize his troops . But Masayuki was already prepared for an attack , so he had another ambush party ready , but this time he sent them into the enemy ' s main camp . In the end the battle had devastating effects . Hidetada failed to seize the Ueda Castle , and he was also kept from joining the field at Sekigahara .
Samuel Nicholson Samuel Nicholson ( 1743 – December 28 , 1811 ) was an officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War and later in the United States Navy . Early life . The son of Joseph and Hannah Scott Nicholson , Samuel Nicholson was born in Chestertown , Maryland . Service in American Revolution . Nicholson was a captain in the Continental Navy . He was the first commandant of the Boston Navy Yard . He served as a Lieutenant on the " USS Bonhomme Richard " under John Paul Jones who at the time was commander of the " Deane " , which was used to capture three British sloops - of - war . He also commanded the " Dolphin " in 1776 . Post revolution service . By the time the American Revolution was finally won there were few ships to speak of in the young American Navy . The navy , like the army , was largely disbanded , with many naval vessels being sold or turned into merchantman vessels . Now that America had won its independence it no longer had the protection of the British navy and had to defend its own interests abroad . The idea of an American Navy was the subject of much debate between the Federalists who favored a strong navy and the anti - federalists who felt the money required for a navy would be better spent elsewhere . However the repeated threats from France and the Barbary states of North Africa had given cause to now consider resorting to more forceful measures to procure the security of American shipping interests . First commander of USS Constitution . The " USS Constitution " was one of six frigates authorized by act of Congress which was approved on March 27 , 1794 . The vessel was designed by Joshua Humphreys , and built at Hartt ' s Shipyard , Boston , Mass . , under the supervision of George Clag - horn . Captain Samuel Nicholson was the naval inspector who also oversaw her construction . Upon her completion the " Constitution " was launched at Boston Mass . on September 27 , 1797 , under the command of Samuel Nicholson . His 1st Lieutenant was Charles Russel . Later life . Nicholson died at Charlestown , Massachusetts , and is buried in the crypt of the Old North Church in Boston , Massachusetts . Namesakes and honors . The U . S . Navy ships named USS " Nicholson " were named for him and other members of his family who served as naval officers : his elder brother , James Nicholson , his younger brother John Nicholson , his nephew , William Nicholson and his grandson James W . Nicholson .
HMS Rifleman ( J299 ) HMS " Rifleman " was an of the Royal Navy . She was launched in 1943 and saw active service during World War II , both in the European and Far East theatres . After the war she served in the Mediterranean and was used as an accommodation ship in Barrow before being sold for breaking in 1972 . Construction . The ship was launched from the Harland and Wolff yard in Belfast on 25 November 1943 and commissioned on 11 February 1944 . History . World War II . From June to August 1944 " Rifleman " was engaged in minesweeping and escort duties for Operation " Neptune " , the allied invasion of Normandy . In September she was nominated for Air Sea Rescue duties during the Arnhem airborne assault , and in October she carried out mine clearance operations in the Scheldt estuary and escorted a military convoy to Antwerp . She was transferred to the South West Approaches with the rest of her Flotilla and was employed in anti - submarine patrols out of Falmouth until December , when she was refitted for service in the Far East . In February 1945 she rejoined her Flotilla and together they formed the escort for a convoy of Landing Ships ( Tank ) from Falmouth to Gibraltar . On 22 February she rescued some of the 41 survivors from " U - 900 " which had been attacked by " Pincher " . She arrived at Colombo on 14 April and on 1 May she began minesweeping the approaches to Rangoon for the assault ships . In June she was at Trincomalee to prepare for planned minesweeping off Phuket Island and during July she and her sisters came under sustained air attack , with " Squirrel " and " Vestal " being sunk . This operation was named Livery . At the end of August she carried out minesweeping operations to clear the approaches to Penang for the entry of HMS " Nelson " , HMS " Cleopatra " and HMS " Sussex " , and in September performed the same task in the Malacca Straits prior to the entry into Singapore . Post - war . She remained in the Far East with her Flotilla to remove mines for the safety of navigation , returning of the UK in July 1946 . She was paid off at Sheerness in September 1946 , reduced to Reserve and laid up . " Rifleman " was recommissioned into the 2nd Minesweeping Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet after refit in 1947 . In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . At the end of 1954 she returned to the UK and was again reduced to Reserve and laid up . During 1958 and 1959 she was refitted . In 1970 the ship was sent to Barrow and used to provide accommodation , including for personnel standing by submarines under construction by Vickers - Armstrong . Fate . She was placed on the Disposal List in 1972 and sold to BISCO for breaking by W H Arnott Young at Dalmuir .