naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
William F . Browne William Frank Browne ( died September 12 , 1867 ) was an American military photographer noted for his prolific work during the Civil War . Biography . Browne was born in Northfield , Vermont . When the Civil War erupted in 1861 , he enlisted as a private in Company C of the 15th Vermont Infantry at Berlin , Vermont . He mustered out of the Union Army in August 1863 . Soon afterward , he began working as the camp photographer of the 5th Michigan Cavalry , staying with them in their winter encampment at Stevensburg , Virginia . He took some of the earliest portrait photographs of George Armstrong Custer , commander of the Michigan Brigade , after that officer ' s promotion to Brigadier General . In 1864 Browne was employed by Alexander Gardner . In early 1865 , he was assigned to photograph the fighting around Richmond , Virginia . A collection of 120 photographs taken by Browne were published by Gardner under the title , " View of Confederate Water Batteries on James River " . After the war , Browne returned to his native Northfield , where he died of consumption in 1867 . A number of his original photographs and prints are in the collection of the Library of Congress .
28th Combat Aviation Brigade ( United States ) The Combat Aviation Brigade , 28th Infantry Division is a heavy aviation unit of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard . The Combat Aviation Brigade ( CAB ) is one of five brigades of the 28th Infantry Division . It provides provides aviation assets for both federal and state active duty missions . The aviators of the CAB fly the AH - 64D Apache , UH - 60 Black Hawk and CH - 47 Chinook helicopters . The CAB headquarters is at Fort Indiantown Gap , located north of Harrisburg , Pennsylvania . The brigade is composed of the following additional units : Iraq deployment . Soldiers of the CAB , 28th Infantry Division began mobilization on 29 January 2009 for Operation Iraqi Freedom 09 - 11 . Over 2 , 000 soldiers from multiple states completed validation training at Fort Sill , Oklahoma before moving to Camp Buehring , Kuwait . Throughout the opening days of May 2009 , soldiers flew into multiple Forward Operating Base s across Iraq with the majority of the brigade based out of Tallil , Al Kut , and Basrah . CAB – OIF Composition References . The 28th Combat Aviation Brigade is currently headquartered at Muir Army Airfield at FT Indiantown Gap , PA . The Command team is as follows : Commander : COL David E . Wood CSM : CSM Dell Christine S3 : LTC John Kubitz
89th Infantry Division ( German Empire ) The 89th Infantry Division ( " 89 . Infanterie - Division " ) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I . The division was formed in November 1914 as the provisional Westernhagen Division ( " Division Westernhagen " ) , named after its commander . It became the 89th Infantry Division in August 1915 . The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I . Combat chronicle . The Westernhagen Division initially served on the Eastern Front . It fought in the Battle of Łódź in November / December 1914 . From December 1914 to July 1915 , it was in the line in the fighting on the Rawka and Bzura Rivers . In July and August 1915 , it fought around Warsaw and then participated in the siege of Modlin Fortress . It was redesignated the 89th Infantry Division in August and then fought in the Battles of Neman and Vilnius . After the line stabilized , the division was in positional warfare until September 1916 . It then went south to participate in the Romanian campaign . It fought in Romania until the armistice there in December 1917 , and thereafter remained in the line securing the armistice . From May to November 1918 , it was in the occupation troops in Romania . Allied intelligence rated the division as fourth class . Order of battle on formation . The 89th Infantry Division was formed as an understrength division , with only two infantry regiments . It later received a third regiment , becoming a regular triangular division . The order of battle of the division on August 9 , 1915 was as follows : Late - war order of battle . The division underwent a number of organizational changes over the course of the war . Cavalry was reduced and artillery and signals commands were formed . The order of battle on October 15 , 1917 was as follows :
Evacuation of Dannevirke The Evacuation of Dannevirke was an engagement of the Second War of Schleswig , in which the Danevirke was evacuated . This marked the last military use of the Danevirke , which has remained in German possession ever since . Due to emotive nationalist symbolism , public opinion in Denmark had expected the coming battle to take place here , and the Danevirke was already under attack , although no battle took place there ( except some early skirmish ing near south of it ) , as the Danish Commander in Chief , General de Meza , withdrew to the trenches at Dybbøl due to threat of being outflanked , as the Schlei and the wetland s between the Danevirke and Husum had frozen solid in a hard winter ; also , the territory immediately in front of the Danevirke had already fallen into German hands . This retreat came as a surprise to the Austro - Prussian army , and almost all of the Danish army succeeded in completing the evacuation . It resulted , however , in the abandonment of important pieces of heavy artillery , and it remains a matter of historical debate why the railway to Flensburg was never properly used for the evacuation . News of the retreat came as a great shock to Danish public opinion which had considered the Danevirke to be impregnable , and General de Meza was promptly relieved of his command .
Project 21956 The " Project 21956 " class of multi - purpose destroyer represents the fourth generation of Russian surface fighting ships developed by the Severnoye Design Bureau for export . Design . The ship is intended to engage major surface combatant s and submarine s , perform anti - submarine and air defense , as well as fire support for landing operations . The exterior of the ship is built with stealth technology reducing the ship ' s radar cross - section ( RCS ) . The Project 21956 also features an integrated combat management system that operates as a network for a higher degree of survivability . Propulsion . The Project 21956 ' s M96 two - shaft main gas - turbine assembly produces 54 , 420 KW ( 74 , 000 hp ) which consists of : The propulsion system allows a top speed of 29 . 5 knots , an economical speed of 18 knots with a maximum range of . The ship ' s stability allows the armament and machinery to be operated at up to sea state 5 levels . And numbers of ship in nuclear propulsion is unknown . An aft flight deck and hangar provides facilities for two Ka - 27 helicopters . Sensors . The sensor suite includes Fregat MAE - 3 and Fregat MAE - 4K multifunction air surveillance radars , Mineral - ME surface search radar , Zarya - ME - 03 hull - mounted sonar system , Vinyetka - EM towed sonar array , TK - 25E electronic countermeasure system and KT - 308 - 5 passive jamming system . Armament . Air Defense . The air defense suite of the Project 21956 includes one AK - 130 130mm twin - barrel multi - purpose gun with 5P - 10 - 02E fire control radar and a maximum range of 23 kilometers . Rif - M extended range air defense system with 3Ts - 48E control system and six 3S - 48E launchers at bow deck . Each launcher has eight 48N6E2 missiles or four 9M96 missiles replacing each 48N6E2 missile . Kashtan - M short - range air defense system with 3R86 - ME command module , 3R87 - 1E combat module and eight 9M311 - 1 missiles and 30mm rounds . ASW suite . The anti - ship and anti - submarine weapon systems are located at the aft deck . ASW weapons include : 3Ts - 14E launchers with 91RTE2 anti - submarine rockets ; and TPU / 4 missile - torpedo launchers for 91RE1 anti - submarine rocket or torpedoes of UGST or UETT type . ASuW weapons consist of the Kalibr - NKE weapon systems which comprises the 3R - 14N fire control system , 3S - 14E launchers and up to 16 3M54TE subsonic cruise missiles , 3M54E supersonic cruise missiles or 91RTE2 rockets carrying an anti - ship torpedo . The 3M54TE / 3M54E missiles are intended to engage either surface ships or targets onshore at ranges of 220 kilometers . Nevertheless , the weapon system may include tailored weapon systems according to customer requirements such as BrahMos supersonic missile and / or BrahMos 2 hypersonic missile replacing Club - N missile system . Project . The project would be the first post - Soviet destroyer designs to be built by the Russian Navy . The DDG / DDGN will be built for escorting future BPC mistral or CVN project and for littoral defense and resource protection in the northern fleet .
Michael von Melas Michael Friedrich Benedikt Baron von Melas ( 12 May 1729 – 31 May 1806 ) was a Transylvanian - born field marshal of Greek descent for the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic Wars . He was born in Radeln , Transylvania ( nowadays Roadeş , part of Buneşti commune , Romania ) in 1729 and joined the Austrian army at age 17 . He served in the Seven Years ' War as aide de camp for Leopold Josef Graf Daun . He was promoted to colonel in 1781 . He fought on the lower Rhine in and the middle Rhine in . He later led the Austrian army in Italy during Napoleon Bonaparte ' s campaigns in Italy , part of the War of the Second Coalition . Serving under Russia n field marshal Alexander Suvorov , who commanded Second Coalition forces , he commanded Austrian forces in victories at the battles of Cassano , Trebbia , Novi , and the Siege of Genoa , and came near another victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Marengo before his handing over control to a subordinate following injuries , and the arrival of General Louis Desaix , led to a defeat . The day after the battle he signed the Convention of Alexandria , ceding control of Italy up to the Mincio River to the French . The Austrians then withdrew . Melas was then commander in Bohemia . Later life . Melas retired in 1803 and died in 1806 in Týnec nad Labem , Bohemia .
Battle off Cape Palos The Battle off Cape Palos was the last battle of the Second Barbary War . The battle began when an American squadron under Stephen Decatur attacked and captured an Algerine brig . Background . After capturing the Algerine flagship " Meshuda " and sending her to Cartagena under the escort of USS " Macedonian " , Stephen Decatur and his squadron continued on their way towards Algiers . On June 19 , 1815 the " Estedio " , a 22 gun Algerine brig , was sighted . Battle . Decatur began pursuit of the Algerines and chased them into shoal waters near the coast of Spain off Cape Palos . Fearing that his larger vessels might get beached he sent the smaller vessels in his squadron the USS " Epervier " , USS " Spark " , USS " Torch " , and USS " Spitfire " to deal with the brig . Here the vessels fought a short engagement lasting a half an hour before the Algerines began to abandon their vessel and surrender . As the " Estedio " crewmembers began to flee towards the cape in the ship ' s open boats , the American vessels began firing upon the boats and sunk one . The remaining 80 crew on the " Estedio " surrendered . Besides the eighty captured the " Estedio " lost at least 23 men killed . Aftermath . After the battle the " Estedio " was taken to Cartagena and interned , being returned to Algiers at the end of the war . Decatur ' s squadron regrouped and continued on its way to Algiers to force the dey to terms .
German submarine U - 118 ( 1941 ) German submarine " U - 118 " was a Type XB minelaying U - boat of the Nazi German " Kriegsmarine " during World War II . She was ordered on 31 January 1939 and laid down on 1 March 1940 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel , as ' werk ' 617 . She was launched on 23 September 1941 and commissioned on 6 December under the command of " Korvettenkapitän " Werner Czygan . After a period of training as part of the 4th U - boat Flotilla , " U - 118 " was assigned to the front - line as part of the 10th U - boat Flotilla on 1 October 1942 . She was reassigned to the 12th flotilla a month later on 1 November . She was a member of three wolfpack s . Operational career . " U - 118 " sank three merchant vessels and a warship ; a total of 14 , 989 tons of shipping in three patrols . She also damaged two others , for a total of 11 , 945 tons . 1st patrol . " U - 118 " s first patrol began on 19 September 1942 with her departure from Kiel . Her route took her across the North Sea , through the ' gap ' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and into the Atlantic Ocean . The boat was attacked south of Iceland by an aircraft on 29 September which caused only slight damage . She reached her destination , which was Lorient in occupied France , on 16 October . 2nd patrol . Her second sortie was to an area between the Azores and Madeira . It was uneventful . She carried out a short transit voyage from Lorient to Brest on 12 and 13 December 1942 . 3rd patrol . The boat ' s third patrol was the longest , but most successful . Departing Brest on 25 January 1943 , she sailed west of Gibraltar , where she sank the " Baltonia " , the " Empire Mordred " and the " Mary Slessor " on 7 February and damaged the " Duero " with a mine on the 10th . She was also responsible for the sinking of the corvette HMCS " Weyburn " on 22 February . The Canadian ship struck a mine that " U - 118 " had laid on the 1st . Despite best efforts by the crew to remove depth charge primers , two exploded when the ship sank , killing men in the water and disabling a nearby destroyer . She returned to France , to Bordeaux , on 26 February . 4th patrol and loss . " U - 118 " had been at sea less than a month when she was attacked by two aircraft west of the Canary Islands followed by a further eight planes from the carrier USS " Bogue " . Following a heavy expenditure of bombs , . 50 " and . 30 " ammunition ; the U - boat exploded into two parts , oil and debris were flung into the air . 16 men survived to be picked up by the escort vessel USS " Osmond Ingram " .
Fort Manoel Fort Manoel is a fortification on the island of Malta . It stands on Manoel Island in Marsamxett Harbour to the north west of Valletta and commands the entrance to Marsamxett Harbour and the anchorage of Sliema Creek . Fort Manoel is a star fort , with much of its ditches and walls formed from the native rock of Manoel Island . History . The fort was built by the Knights of Malta between 1723 and 1755 , under the patronage of Portuguese Grand Master Manoel de Vilhena . The original design work for a fort on the island , then known as " Isolotto " , was the work of the French engineer René Jacob de Tigné . The final design also incorporated the work of Charles François de Mondion , at that time the Knights of Malts ' s resident military engineer in charge of works of fortification and defence . Mondion also supervised the construction , and was hypothetically buried in the fort ' s chapel , St . Anthony ’ s Chapel . The fort was an active military establishment initially under the Knights and later under British Military control from its construction through until 1906 when the British military finally decommissioned the forts guns . During the Second World War , a battery of 3 . 7 - inch heavy anti - aircraft guns was deployed in and around the fort . The guns were mounted in concrete gun emplacements and deployed in a semicircle around the fort . The fort suffered considerable damage to its ramparts , barracks and chapel as a result of aerial bombing during the war . In 2010 , the fort underwent major restoration work to repair the ravages of time and damage sustained during the Second World War . It served as a location for the shooting of the climactic scene of the episode " Baelor " of the TV series " Game of Thrones " . This was one of the strongest fortifications . Coordinates :
Lucius Siccius Dentatus Lucius Siccius Dentatus ( 514 BC ? - 450 BC ? ) was a Roman soldier , primuspilus ( first spear ) and tribune , living in the 5th century BC . The cognomen Dentatus means " born with teeth " . Dentatus was a tribune in 454 BC . He was a champion of the plebeians in their struggle with the patricians . As a military man , Dentatus had fought in 120 battles , received 45 honorable wounds and several civic crowns . According to Pliny the Elder he won the Grass Crown . After his tribunate , he was murdered for his opposition to the decemvirs . He was eight times champion in single combat , with forty five scars on the front of his body and none on the rear , he is reported to have been awarded no less than eighteen " hastae purae , " twenty - five " phalerae " , 83 " torques " , more than 160 " armillae " , and twenty six " coronae " , of which fourteen were " coronae civicae " awarded for saving the life of a Roman citizen , eight " coronae aureae " , three " coronae murales " , and one " corona obsidionalis or corona graminea " , the highest honour for valour , awarded for the deliverer of a besieged army .
9mm Glisenti 9mm Glisenti is an Italian pistol cartridge . History and Usage . 9mm Glisenti was developed for the Glisenti Model 1910 , an Italian sidearm used in the First World War . It was also used in other Italian weapons such as the Beretta Model 1915 and 1923 pistols , OVP and Beretta Model 1918 submachine guns , and Villar - Perosa aircraft submachine gun . Specifications . The cartridge was based on the German 9×19mm Parabellum , but it is significantly less powerful , meant to be used in blowback pistols , easier to manufacture than a locked breech firearm , instead of 9mm Parabellum . The cartridge has received little popularity today .
1st Virginia Infantry The 1st Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in the Commonwealth of Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia . The 1st Virginia completed its organization at Richmond , Virginia , in May , 1861 . At the outbreak of the war it had ten companies , but in April three were detached . Thus the unit contained seven companies from Richmond and in mid - July a company from Washington , D . C . was added . Its first colonel , Patrick T . Moore , was severely wounded on July 18 , 1861 in the skirmish at Blackburn ' s Ford , and Lt . Col . W . H . Fry commanded at the First Battle of Bull Run ( First Manassas ) . The companies ( with original commanders ) were : It fought at the Battle of First Bull Run ( First Manassas ) in a brigade under James Longstreet and in August totaled 570 men . During April , 1862 , when the regiment was reorganized , it contained only six companies . The 1st Virginia Infantry was assigned to A . P . Hill ' s , Kemper ' s , and W . R . Terry ' s Brigade , Army of Northern Virginia . It was active from the Battle of Williamsburg to the Battle of Gettysburg except when it was with Longstreet at the Siege of Suffolk , Virginia . Later the unit was involved in the capture of Plymouth , the conflicts at Drewry ' s Bluff and Cold Harbor , the Siege of Petersburg south and north of the James River , and the Appomattox Campaign . This regiment lost twenty - two percent of the 140 engaged at the Battle of Second Bull Run ( Second Manassas ) , had 9 wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg , and had more than half of the 209 at Gettysburg disabled . Its casualties were 12 killed and 25 wounded at Drewry ' s Bluff , 1 killed and 77 wounded at the Battle of Five Forks , and 40 captured at the Battle of Sayler ' s Creek . Only 17 surrendered at Appomattox on April 9 , 1865 . The field officers were Colonels Patrick T . Moore , F . G . Skinner , and Lewis B . Williams ; Lieutenant Colonels W . H . Fry and Frank H . Langley ; and Majors John Dooley , William P . Mumford , George F . Norton , and William H . Palmer .
Henry Keppel Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Keppel , GCB , OM ( 14 June 1809 – 17 January 1904 ) was a British admiral , son of the 4th Earl of Albemarle and of his wife Elizabeth , daughter of Lord de Clifford . Naval career . He entered the navy from the old naval academy of Portsmouth in 1822 . He became lieutenant in 1829 and commander in 1833 . His first command was largely passed on the coast of Spain , which was then in the midst of the convulsions of the Carlist War . Captain Keppel had already made himself known as a good seaman . He was engaged with the squadron stationed on the west coast of Africa to suppress the slave trade . In 1837 he was promoted post captain , and appointed in 1841 to the service in China and against the Malay pirates , a service which he repeated in 1847 , when in command of HMS " Maeander " . In May 1853 he was appointed to the command of the new steam line - of - battle ship HMS " St Jean d ' Acre " . When the Crimean War broke out on 1854 , the " St Jean d ' Acre " formed part of the Baltic Fleet . Keppel witnessed the fall of Bomarsund . In 1855 , " St Jean d ' Acre " was sent to the Black Sea . On 21 July 1855 , Keppel swapped commands with the captain of the sailing line - of - battle ship " Rodney " , whose crew was all ashore . Keppel served as commander of the Naval Brigade which was besieging Sebastopol . After the Crimean War he was again sent out to China , this time in command of the " Raleigh " , as commodore to serve under Sir Michael Seymour . The " Raleigh " was lost on an uncharted rock near Hong Kong , but three small vessels were named to act as her tenders , and Commodore Keppel commanded in them , and with the crew of the " Raleigh " , in the action with Chinese pirates at the Battle of Fatshan Creek ( 1 June 1857 ) . He was honorably acquitted for the loss of the " Raleigh " , and was given command of HMS " Alligator " , which be held until his promotion to rear - admiral . For his share in the action at the Battle of Fatshan Creek he was made KCB . The prevalence of peace gave Sir Henry Keppel no further chance of active service , but he became Commander - in - Chief , Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa Station in 1860 , Commander - in - Chief , China Station in 1867 and Commander - in - Chief , Plymouth in 1872 . He retired from the active list in 1879 , two years after he attained the rank of admiral of the fleet . Family . Keppel married twice : firstly Katherine Louisa Crosbie , daughter of General Sir John Crosbie on 25 February 1839 and secondly Jane Elizabeth West , daughter of Martin John West on 31 October 1861 . By his second wife , he had one son , Colin Richard Keppel , and one daughter , Maria Walpole Keppel , who married Admiral Sir Frederick Tower Hamilton . Keppel Harbour in Singapore is named after him . He lived at Grove Lodge at Winkfield Row in Berkshire and is buried in the parish church at Winkfield . Keppel ' s relationship with Lady Eliza Lucy Grey was discovered by her husband Sir George Grey in 1860 , and this , together with accusations of infidelity against Sir George Grey , led to the breakdown of their marriage .
Frederick Alber Frederick Alber ( June 28 , 1838 – September 12 , 1913 ) was a soldier in the American Civil War who received the Medal of Honor for valor in action . Biography . Alber was born on June 28 , 1838 in Germany , and enlisted in the US Army in July 1862 . In 1864 , while serving as a Private in Company A of the 17th Michigan Infantry during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House , he rescued an officer from his regiment who had been captured by Confederate troops , and captured two of the Confederates . He died in September 12 , 1913 and is buried in Oregon Township Cemetery in Lapeer County , Michigan . Medal of Honor citation . Rank and organization : Private , Company A , 17th Michigan Infantry . Place and date : At Spotsylvania , Va . , May 12 , 1864 . Entered service at : Manchester , Mich . Born : 1838 , Germany . Date of issue : July 30 , 1896 . Citation : Bravely rescued Lt . Charles H . Todd of his regiment who had been captured by a party of Confederates by shooting down one , knocking over another with the butt of his musket , and taking them both prisoners .