naist-nlp/zeshel huggingface dataset:
Battle of Montiel The Battle of Montiel was fought in 1369 between Franco - Castilian forces , and an alliance of pro - English forces . Background . In 1366 there was a civil war of succession in Castile the ruler , Peter of Castile ' s forces , was pitched against those of his half brother Henry of Trastámara . Peter was supported by England and Trastámara by the French . Edward , Prince of Wales , known as the Black Prince , led the English forces and the French were led by Bertrand du Guesclin The armies in support of Trastámara were defeated at the battle of Najera ( 1367 ) ; however , this was of dubious long - term significance as Peter of Castile and the Black Prince fell out over money . The Black Prince , also affected by dysentery , withdrew his support from Peter and returned to Aquitaine . The battle . The Battle of Montiel was fought between Franco - Castilian forces , and an alliance of pro - English forces . The Franco - Castilian force was led by Bertrand du Guesclin , while Peter of Castile led a Castilian - Granadine force . The Franco - Castilians were victorious largely thanks to the tactics of du Guesclin . The aftermath . After the battle , Peter fled to the castle of Montiel , where he became trapped . In an attempt to bribe Bertrand du Guesclin , Peter was lured into a trap outside the castle . In a confrontation with his stepbrother Henry , Peter was killed . His death on 23 March 1369 marked the end of the Castilian Civil War . His victorious half - brother was crowned Henry II of Castille . Henry made du Guesclin , Duke of Molina and he formed an alliance with French King Charles V . Between 1370 and 1376 , the Castilian fleet provided naval support to French campaigns against Aquitaine and the English coast , while du Guesclin recaptured Poitou and Normandy from the English .
Tsukuba - class cruiser The were armored cruiser s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy . Both vessels participated in World War I . Background . Construction of the " Tsukuba " - class armored cruisers was ordered under the 1904 Emergency Fleet Replenishment Budget of the Russo - Japanese War , spurred on by the unexpected loss of the " Yashima " to a naval mine in the early stages of the war . Armament . The main battery on the " Tsukuba " - class were four 12 - inch 41st Year Type guns , mounted in twin gun turret s to the fore and aft , along the centerline of the vessel . Secondary armament consisted of twelve 6 - inch guns and twelve 4 . 7 - inch 41st Year Type guns . Propulsion . Propulsion was by two vertical triple - expansion steam engines , with twenty boilers , yielding design speed of and a range of @ . During speed trials in Hiroshima Bay prior to commissioning , " Ikoma " attained a top speed of " Tsukuba " served patrol duty during World War I primarily in the Pacific Ocean and in Southeast Asia . On 14 January 1917 , she exploded while in port at Yokosuka , and sank with a loss of 305 men . " Ikoma " circumnavigated the southern hemisphere of the globe in 1908 . She served patrol duty during World War I primarily in the Pacific Ocean and in Southeast Asia . " Ikoma " was a victim of the Washington Naval Agreement of 1923 .
Jilin Self - Defence Army The Jilin Self - Defence Army was an anti - Japanese volunteer army formed to defend local Chinese residents against the Japanese invasion of northeast China . General Ting Chao , Li Du , Feng Zhanhai , Xing Zhanqing , and Zhao Yi organised the Jilin Self - Defence Army in order to prevent the fall and occupation of Harbin city , Jilin province . This brought all their forces under a unified command . Calling for civilians to form volunteer units and join in the defense of the city , the army reached a strength of 30 , 000 men in six brigades of Zhang Xueliang s Northeastern army . Jilin Self - Defense Corps - Commander - in - Chief Li Du The defense of Harbin was at first successful and succeeded in repulsing the Manchukuo forces sent against them for a time . After its initial success , the army was forced out of Harbin when the Japanese sent their own troops under Jiro Tamon . Ting Chao ' s beaten Jilin Self - Defence Army retired from Harbin and marched to the northeast down the Songhua River , to join the Lower Songhua garrison of General Li Du and together reorganized , swelling its ranks with volunteers to 30 , 000 men in nine brigades by April 1932 . It continued to resist , occupying the towns along the eastern section of the Chinese Eastern Railway , between Harbin and the Soviet border . Feng Zhanhai , former regimental commander of the Jilin Guards Division , retreating from Harbin into the west of Jilin province raised a sizeable independent volunteer force , the Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army estimated by the Japanese as 15 , 000 men in June 1932 .
SS Denebola ( T - AKR - 289 ) SS " Denebola " ( T - AKR 289 ) is an " Algol " class vehicle cargo ship that is currently maintained by the United States Maritime Administration as part of the Ready Reserve Force ( RRF ) . She was built by Rotterdamsche D . D . Mij N . V . in Rotterdam , Netherlands , for Sea - Land Service , Inc . and named SS " Sea - Land Resource " . Due to her high operating cost , she was sold to the United States Navy in October 1981 as USNS " Denebola " ( T - AK - 289 ) . Conversion . Conversion began on 22 November 1983 at Pennsylvania Shipbuilding in Chester , Pennsylvania . Her cargo hold was redesigned into a series of decks connected by ramps so vehicles can be driven into and out of the cargo hold for fast loading and unloading . She was also fitted with two sets of two cranes ; one set located at midship capable of lifting 35 tons , and another set located aft capable of lifting 50 tons . She was delivered to the Military Sealift Command on 10 October 1985 as USNS " Denebola " ( T - AKR 289 ) . Service . When not active , " Denebola " is kept in reduced operating status due to her high operating cost . If needed , she can be activated and ready to sail in 96 hours . " Denebola " took part in the Persian Gulf War in 1990 . Along with the other seven " Algol " class cargo ships , she transported 14 percent of all cargo delivered between the United States and Saudi Arabia during and after the war . In 1994 , " Denebola " , along with USNS " Capella " ( T - AKR - 293 ) , worked with NATO forces on convoy exercises in the Mediterranean . On 1 October 2007 , " Denebola " was transferred to the United States Maritime Administration . On 1 October 2008 , she was transferred to the Ready Reserve Force , losing her USNS designation . If activated , " Denebola " will report to the Military Sealift Command and change her prefix designation from SS to USNS .
Battle of Fisher ' s Hill The Battle of Fisher ' s Hill was fought September 21 – 22 , 1864 , near Strasburg , Virginia , as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War . Despite its strong defensive position , the Confederate army of Lt . Gen . Jubal Early was defeated by the Union Army of the Shenandoah , commanded by Maj . Gen . Philip Sheridan . Background . Sheridan had almost 30 , 000 men in the Shenandoah Valley opposing Early , with just under 10 , 000 . Early , following the Third Battle of Winchester took a strong position . His right rested on the North Branch of the Shenandoah River . The left flank of his infantry was on Fisher ' s Hill . Confederate cavalry was expected to hold the ground from there to Little North Mountain . Maj . Gen . George Crook advised Sheridan to flank this position . His command was assigned to move along the wooded slopes of the mountain to attack the cavalry . Battle . Crook ' s attack began about 4 p . m . on September 22 , 1864 . The infantry attack pushed the Confederate troopers out of their way . Maj . Gen . Stephen Dodson Ramseur tried refusing the left flank of his division . Crook and Brig . Gen . James B . Ricketts ' s division , of Horatio G . Wright ' s VI Corps struck Ramseur ' s line , pushing it in . Wright ' s remaining divisions and XIX Corps broke the Southern line . Aftermath . The Confederates fell back to Waynesboro , Virginia . Brig . Gen . Alfred Torbert was sent into the Luray Valley with 6 , 000 cavalrymen to force his way through the 1 , 200 Confederate cavalrymen under Brigadier General Williams Wickham . Torbert was then supposed to move through the New Market and Luray Gap in Massanutten Mountain and come up behind Early and cut - off his retreat at Fisher ' s Hill . Torbert fell back after making a token effort against Wickham ' s force at Milford ( present day Overall ) and Early escaped . Four Union Army enlisted men and one officer received the Medal of Honor in the action at Fisher ' s Hill .
2 / 4th Field Regiment ( Australia ) The 2 / 4th Field Regiment was an Australian Army artillery regiment formed on 2 May 1940 , as part of the 7th Division in 1940 during World War II . The regiment was part of the North African Campaign , Syria - Lebanon Campaign , Salamaua - Lae campaign , Finisterre Range campaign and the Borneo campaign . 31 artillerymen of the 2 / 4th parachuted with two short 25 Pounder gun s in the airborne landing at Nadzab airstrip in support of the US Army ' s 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment . The regiment was disbanded on 7 February 1946 . History . Raised on 7 May 1940 , as part of the 7th Division at Caulfield Racecourse , Melbourne , Victoria . Formed with two batteries , 7th and 8th Battery , it trained at Puckapunyal , Victoria . Each battery consisted of three troops and four QF 18 pounder s . On 21 October the regiment embarked from Port Melbourne for the Middle East and disembarked at El Kantara , Egypt on the Suez Canal in November arriving without artillery . Its next destination was Deir Suneid , Palestine traveling by train , where it undertook training , receiving some artillery guns in January 1941 . After moving to Ikingi Maryut , Egypt in mid April it finally was equipped with 25 - pounders , 18 - pounders , and 4 . 5 inch howitzer s . After Tobruk became besieged the regiment moved to the fortress at Mersa Matruh , Egypt with four guns being deployed forward in an anti - tank role . In May the regiment received new 25 - pounders at Tel el Kebir , Egypt from the 9th Division before the Allies Syria - Lebanon Campaign and moved to Affula , Palestine . As part of the invasion of Vichy French held Syria and Lebanon , the regiment supported the 21st Brigade ' s advance along the coast . Crossing the border on 8 June , 7th Battery , as part of the advance guard which overlooked the Litani River , fired the first artillery shots of the campaign . During the Syria - Lebanon Campaign the regiment undertook anti - tank , direct - fire tasks , counter battery fire and came under enemy air and naval attack .
Camp Fuji Combined Arms Training Center ( CATC ) Camp Fuji is an installation of the United States Marine Corps next to the JGSDF Camp Takigahara ( ) . It is located near the town of Gotemba in the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan , at the base of Mount Fuji . Camp Fuji is one of several Camps of the Marine Corps Base Camp Butler complex . JGSDF Camp Fuji ( ) , namesake of this installation , is located 2 . 5 miles north of the USMC base . History . The area around the base of Mount Fuji has been associated with the military since medieval times . The samurai of the Kamakura Shogunate conducted military training in this area in the 15th century . In the modern era , the large East Fuji Maneuver Area was established by the Imperial Japanese Army as a training facility , and several training bases were established in the area . After the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II , these bases were occupied by the United States Army , and were designated “ Camp Fuji McNair ” , “ North Camp ” , “ Middle Camp ” , and “ South Camp ” . Half of “ North Camp ” was turned over to the United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) in 1953 , with the other half ( across the street from present - day Camp Fuji ) was eventually turned over to the Japan Ground Self - Defense Force ( JGSDF ) where it is now JGSDF Camp Takigahara . Description . The facility includes of ranges and maneuver area to serve as a combined arms training area . Camp is under the exclusive control of the USMC , although the helicopter landing pad is a joint - use facility for both the United States and the JGSDF . Units from across the Pacific ( including those participating in the Unit Deployment Program ) come to Camp Fuji to train . The facilities were considered spartan compared to most military bases , with no family housing , limited military exchange and recreation facilities , and limited medical facilities , although extensive modernization and expansion programs from 1983 have added new barracks , enlisted and officers club , a barber shop , library and food facilities .
USS Philippine Sea ( CG - 58 ) USS " Philippine Sea " ( CG - 58 ) is a Flight II " Ticonderoga " - class guided missile cruiser on active service in the United States Navy . She is named for the Battle of the Philippine Sea during World War II and is the second ship to bear the name . She has completed multiple deployments as part of Operation Enduring Freedom since 2001 . Operational history . In 2003 , the ship was assigned to Cruiser - Destroyer Group 12 . In 2010 , the ship failed her initial Board of Inspection and Survey ( INSURV ) inspection . On 7 May 2011 , " Philippine Sea " departed Mayport for a scheduled overseas deployment to the U . S . Fifth Fleet and U . S . Sixth Fleet Area of Responsibility . On 3 June 2011 , " Philippine Sea " paid a port visit to Kiel , Germany , prior to participating with the multi - national exercise Baltic Operations 2011 ( BALTOPS - 2011 ) . This exercise included naval units from the United States , Russian , Danish , Polish and French navies , and BALTOPS - 2011 ended on 21 June 2011 . On 6 July 2011 , " Philippine Sea " rescued 26 Filipino crew members from the Marshall Islands - owned , Liberian - flagged supertanker " Brilliante Virtuoso " southwest of Aden , Yemen , after the ship ' s superstructure was set on fire following a reported attack by pirates using rocket - propelled grenades ( RPG ) . " Philippine Sea " transited the Suez Canal on 1 July 2011 . The cremated remains of Neil Armstrong were buried at sea from the warship on 14 September 2012 , in the Atlantic Ocean .
Sir Eustace Tennyson d ' Eyncourt , 1st Baronet Sir Eustace Henry William Tennyson d ' Eyncourt , 1st Baronet , KCB , FRS ( 1 April 1868 – 1 February 1951 ) was a British naval architect and engineer . As Director of Naval Construction for the Royal Navy , 1912 – 1924 , he was responsible for the design and construction of some of the most famous British warships . On 20 February 1915 Winston Churchill appointed him Chairman of the Landships Committee at the Admiralty , which was responsible for the design and production of the first military tanks to be used in warfare . D ' Eyncourt was related to the politician Charles Tennyson d ' Eyncourt ( d . 1861 ) , uncle of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson . He was also related to Admiral Edwin Tennyson d ’ Eyncourt . Design characteristics . In his battlecruisers , " large light cruisers " and the " Hawkins " - class cruisers , d ' Eyncourt evolved a novel hull form : in cross - section the hull was an isosceles trapezoid , with the ship ' s sides sloping inboard at an angle of 10 degrees from the vertical , while outboard of this , external bulges extended over the full length of the machinery spaces . The result was a hull structure of great strength , and the sloping sides increased the possible spread of impact of shells , thus giving greater resistance to penetration . The aesthetic side of naval architecture has seldom been given much attention , though it is as much of an art as the architecture of buildings ; in general appearance ( in terms of harmonious proportion as regards length , beam , and freeboard , as well as the size of the superstructure and funnels in relation to the hull ) , the opinion has been expressed that d ' Eyncourt created some of the most elegant and eye - pleasing warships ever designed , the prime example being the battle cruiser " Hood " . Ship designs . D ' Eyncourt was not necessarily the principal designer of the vessels listed below , but had ultimate responsibility for them . Other types . Monitors , Patrol boats , Minesweepers , Sloop s , Gunboat s for China Station , Merchant ship conversions into seaplane carrier Tanks . D ' Eyncourt was chairman of the Landships Committee , created by Winston Churchill , which oversaw the design and production of Britain ' s first military tank . ( See also the Mark VIII ( tank ) . ) Writings . D ' Eyncourt summarized his World War I work in an article " Naval Construction During the War " , published in " Engineering " , 11 April 1919 , pp . 482 – 490 . He also published an autobiography entitled " A Shipbuilder ' s Yarn " ( London : Hutchinson , 1948 ) .
400 Tactical Helicopter Squadron 400 " City of Toronto " Tactical Helicopter and Training Squadron is part of 1 Wing , and as such a lodger unit of Canadian Forces Base Borden . The squadron operates the CH - 146 Griffon . History . The squadron was formed as No . 10 Army Co - Operation Squadron at Toronto , Ontario on 5 October 1932 . On 15 November 1937 , it was renumbered No . 110 " City of Toronto " Army Co - Operation Squadron . The squadron was called out on active service 3 September 1939 at the start of the Second World War , and on 15 February departed Halifax for England . There it was re - designated as No . 400 Army Co - Operation Squadron on the 1 March 1941 in recognition of the fact it was the first squadron to deploy overseas . During the war , it flew the Westland Lysander , P - 40 Tomahawk , P - 51 Mustang , de Havilland Mosquito and Supermarine Spitfire primarily in the armed and unarmed reconnaissance role . Later in the war , the squadron also flew air interdiction operations . At the end of the war , 400 Squadron was disbanded on 7 August 1945 , at a captured airfield in Lüneburg , Germany . No . 400 Squadron reformed at RCAF Station Downsview , Toronto on 15 April 1946 as an Auxiliary Fighter - Bomber Squadron operating North American Harvard Mk IIBs commanded by S / L G . W . Gooderman , A . F . C . At the start of the Cold War the squadron flew the de Havilland Vampire Mk IIIs and then F - 86 Sabre Mk V aircraft . No . 400 " City of Toronto " ( Fighter ) Squadron , as part of 2 Air Reserve Wing , first flew Beechcraft Expeditor starting in 1958 and then the DHC Otter in 1960 . These aircraft were flown throughout the 1960s and 1970s . Unification of the Canadian Forces brought about another name change , this time to 400 " City of Toronto " Air Reserve Squadron . In 1980 , the conversion to helicopters began with the CH - 136 Kiowa . The squadron received its current name in the 1980s , becoming 400 Tactical Helicopter and Training Squadron . The squadron moved to CFB Borden in 1996 after the closure of CFB Downsview ( Toronto ) , and is now equipped with the CH - 146 Griffon . During peacetime , the squadron fulfills 1 Wing commitments by providing operational and training support to the 4th Canadian Division , the defence of Canadian sovereignty , support to national taskings , and support to peacekeeping operations . Its secondary duties are to support AIRCOM ' s search and rescue operations . In the unlikely event that the nation mobilizes for war , 400 Tactical Helicopter and Training Squadron will deploy all of its aviation assets , including support equipment , to augment 427 Special Operations Aviation Squadron in Petawawa . Those personnel remaining behind will form the core of a forces generation unit . 400 Tactical Helicopter and Training Squadron has an establishment of 237 personnel divided into six flights : The HQ Flight is a conglomeration of the Orderly Room , Finance Section , Medical Section and the 400 Squadron Pipes and Drums Band . References . " On Watch to Strike , History of 400 ( City of Toronto ) Squadron , 1932 to 1996 "
Battle of Montcornet The Battle of Montcornet , on 17 May 1940 , was an engagement of the Battle of France . The French 4e Division cuirassée , under Colonel De Gaulle , attacked the strategic village of Montcornet , then held by the Germans . The French successfully drove off the Germans , but had to retreat later due to lack of support and to the intervention of the " Luftwaffe " . Context . On 10 May 1940 , the Third Reich had launched a vast offensive against the Netherlands , Belgium and France . After their breakthrough at Sedan on 13 May , the Germans had driven the French troops to a hasty retreat . The next day , Colonel De Gaulle was appointed commander of the 4e Division cuirassée ( 4e DCr ) , comprising 5 , 000 men and 85 battle tanks , with which he led a counter - attack on Montcornet on 17 . The village of Montcornet had a strategic importance as it cut the roads to Reims , Laon and Saint - Quentin , and was a point of transit for the logistic of the 1st Panzer Division . Battle . On 17 May , at 4 : 14 in the morning , elements of the 4e DCr marched on Montcornet . After surrounding the village , around noon , B1 bis tanks came under fire from 3 . 7 cm Pak 36 anti - tank guns and from German Panzers . A number of the B1 bis tanks were lost when they had to be abandoned when they ran out of petrol , and others when they sank into swamps . De Gaulle ordered infantry to neutralise German defence pockets in Chivres , and D2 tanks to secure Clermont - les - Fermes . Around 16 : 00 , De Gaulle ordered a new attack on Montcornet , but the tank crews having not received detailed maps of the sector , and coming under fire from 88mm Flak guns , the offensive was unfruitful . Around 18 : 00 , German planes intervened , and the 4e DCr retreated to its original positions . Aftermath . The French lost 23 tanks in the attack , while the Germans had around 100 killed . Colonel De Gaulle would fight another engagement at the Battle of Abbeville .