triumphant march. Huygens (undulatory theory of light); Musschenbroek (Leyden Jar); Buffon (modern geology); Black (latent heat); Lavoisier (modern chemistry); Herschel (the astronomer); Laplace (the mathematician); Volta (electric current); Lamarck ; Faraday ; Darwin. VII Just before Renaissance in Europe, Christian religious (scholastic) learning was presented as philosophy. Progress was possible by