nomadic tribes, including the Manchu , Ulchs and Hezhen (also known as the Goldi and Nanai), as well as the Xianbei (鮮卑/鲜卑), Khitan (契丹), and Jurchen (女真), who built several dynasties in northern China. Manchuria  is also historically referred as Guandong (關東/关东), which literally means "East of the ( Shanhaiguan )