Safad 1 1,295 3 1,197 2,495   Countryside 38 1,117 616 - 1,733 Figures from Ben-Arieh, in Scholch 1985, p. 388. According to Ottoman statistics studied by Justin McCarthy , [166] the population of Palestine in the early 19th century was 350,000, in 1860 it was 411,000 and in