Muslim (Turkish) invaders, taxes to avoid persecution, destruction and killings. - Mongol Empire (1206–1368 ) Largest contiguous empire in history. unification of nomadic Mongol and Turkic tribes in modern day Mongolia . Genghis Khan . Religious flexibitlity, tribute, surrender or total destruction. Great Khanate (China/ Yuan), Chaghadai Khanate (Central Asia), Ilkhanate