there are Biaka Pygmy segments in Bantus, and Biaka Pygmies today speak Bantu languages adopted from their agriculturalist Bantu neighbours. - Both Chadic-speaking groups ( Hausa and Mada) seem to have some "Nilo-Saharan" component. Hausa's Niger-Congo-speaking neighbours mostly lack it. Hausa may be a West-African population subjected to elite language-shift towards