- c.−400 Thucydides , historian, History of the Peloponnesian War . c.−460 - −377 Hippocrates , physician. Roman fresco −450 shows musicians performing. −450 c.−450 Ezra , lived in Babylon during the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus or Artaxerxes II. Led a band of Jews to Jerusalem (−458 or −397) and rebuilt