(flogging warms semen). But psychiatric research on the practice began in earnest during the 19 th century when Austrian psychiatrist Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing published Psychopathia Sexualis . According to Krafft-Ebing, sex that isn't directly related to procreation, like S&M, is a perversion. Rape, by contrast, is aberrant, but not perverse, since