Homer , Hesiod , Pindar , Aeschylus , Sophocles , Euripides , Aristophanes , and Sappho were active. Famous politicians include Themistocles , Pericles , Lysander , Epaminondas , Alcibiades , Philip II of Macedon , and his son Alexander the Great . Plato wrote, as did Aristotle , Heraclitus of