of Vladimir-Suzdal in the north-east, Novgorod Republic in the north-west and Galicia-Volhynia in the south-west. Ultimately Kievan Rus' disintegrated, with the final blow being the Mongol invasion of 1237–40, [38] that resulted in the destruction of Kiev [39] and the death of about half the population of Rus'. [40] The invaders, later