between the late 1950's and 1975. Specifically: 1960: IBM 7030 Stretch : Instruction pipelining, pre-fetching, interleaved memory, interrupts, first use of the 8-bit byte. 1962: Atlas : Paged virtual memory, hardware support for operating system functions. 1962: IBM/MIT 7094 for CTSS: Two modes (user/supervisor) with privileged instructions and memory reserved for