of many complex civilizations. Between 1,800 and 300 BCE, many matured into advanced pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations such as: the Olmec , Izapa , Teotihuacan , Maya , Zapotec , Mixtec , Huastec , Purepecha , Totonac , Toltec and Aztec : Mexica , which flourished for nearly 4,000 years before the