overthrown in three countries. Tunisian President  Zine El Abidine Ben Ali  fled to Saudi Arabia on 14 January following the  Tunisian revolution  protests. In Egypt,  President   Hosni Mubarak resigned on 11 February 2011 after 18 days of massive protests, ending his 30-year presidency. Former  Libyan  leader  Muammar Gaddafi  was overthrown