a gas of  rubidium atoms cooled to 170  nanokelvin  (nK)  ( 1.7 × 10 −7  K ). For their achievements Cornell, Wieman, and  Wolfgang Ketterle  at  MIT  received the 2001  Nobel Prize in Physics . In November 2010 the first photon BEC was observed.Compared to more commonly encountered states of matter, Bose–Einstein condensates