maternal ancestry of Chadic speakers from the Sahel with Cushitic speakers from East Africa. Other mitochondrial lineages that are associated with Afroasiatic include mitochondrial haplogroups M1 and haplogroup U6. Gonzalez et al. 2007 suggest that Afroasiatic speakers may have dispersed from East Africa carrying the subclades M1a and U6a1. mtDNA haplogroups