scholarly discourses. Literature describing the human cost of the independence and partition comprises Khushwant Singh ‘s Train to Pakistan (1956), several short stories such as Toba Tek Singh (1955) by Saadat Hassan Manto , Urdu poems by Faiz Ahmad Faiz , Bhisham Sahni ‘s Tamas (1974), Manohar Malgonkar ‘s A Bend in the