Ibn Imad ul-din  invented the following chemical processes in the 8th century: Pure  distillation  ( al-taqtir ) which could fully purify chemical substances with the  alembic . Filtration  ( al-tarshih ). [10] Purification by  crystallization  ( al-tabalwur ). [6] Liquefaction ,  purification ,  oxidisation , and  evaporation  ( tabkhir ). [9]