centres between 1861 and 1862. He had a long career as a teacher, conductor and composer, moving among musical posts in Germany:    Mannheim (1862-1864), Koblenz (1865-1867), Sondershausen , (1867-1870) Berlin (1870-1872), Bonn, where he spent 1873 -1878 working privately. At the height of his reputation he spent three seasons as