"López" originally meant "son of Lope", "Fernández" meant "son of Fernando", etc. Other common examples of this are "Hernández" (from Hernando, a variant of " Ferdinand " / "Fernando"), "Rodríguez" (from " Rodrigo "), "Sánchez" (from "Sancho"), "Martínez" (from " Martín "), and "Álvarez" (from "Álvaro"). "Cortez" (e.g. Alberto Cortez ),