the name of Lateran Pacts , by which they are known. FACTS: Capital Vatican City [2] 41°54′N 12°27′E﻿ / ﻿41.9, 12.45 Official languages None [3] Italian (de facto) [4] Government Ecclesiastical [5] (effectively, elective absolute monarchy ) - Sovereign Pope Benedict XVI - President of the Government Giovanni Lajolo Independence from