http://www.wsvn.com/news/articles/local/21007585058418/new-details-emerge-in-causeway-police-involved-shooting/ Some quotes from the Dogs wiki : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog Dogs are capable of learning in a number of ways, such as through simple reinforcement (e.g., classical or operant conditioning ) and by observation. Dogs display much greater tractability than tame wolves, and are, in general, much more responsive to coercive techniques