(China). Marinus also coined the term Antarctic , referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinos_of_Tyre   90 – 168AD Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek : Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαίος Klaúdios Ptolemaîos ; 90 – 168), known in English as Ptolemy (pronounced /ˈtɒləmɪ/ ), was a Roman [1] mathematician , astronomer ,