sunspot cycles (7 to 600 years) , Rossby waves (RW) , Quasi-decadal oscillation (QSO) , cloud cover, Thermohaline circulation , El Nino Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) , volcanic eruptions, Ekman transport , Aleutian low (AL) , Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) , Kuroshio Oyashio extension (KOE) , and over 20 other