a Buddhist term meaning "unsettled; restless; capricious; whimsical; fanciful; inconstant; confused; indecisive; uncontrollable". In addition to Buddhist writings, including Chan or Zen , Consciousness-only , Pure Land , and Shingon , this "mind-monkey" psychological metaphor was adopted in Daoism , Neo-Confucianism , poetry, drama, and literature. "Mind-monkey" occurs in two reversible four-character