Stories (1902), Dumbo (1942) or The Saggy Baggy Elephant (1947). [ 71 ] Other elephant heroes given human qualities include Laurent de Brunhoff 's anthropomorphic Babar (1935), David McKee 's Elmer (1989) and Dr. Seuss 's Horton (1940). [ 71 ] More than other exotic animals, elephants in fiction are surrogates