homelands. Ten homelands were ultimately allocated to different black ethnic groups: Lebowa (North Sotho , also referred to as Pedi), QwaQwa (South Sotho), Bophuthatswana ( Tswana ), KwaZulu ( Zulu ), KaNgwane ( Swazi ), Transkei and Ciskei ( Xhosa ), Gazankulu ( Tsonga ), Venda ( Venda ) and KwaNdebele