Cavendish (1623-1673). Materialist , feminist . Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694). Richard Cumberland (1631-1718). Early proponent of utilitarianism . Jacques Rohault . (1617-1672) [Cartesian] Simon Foucher (1644-1696). Skeptic . Robert Boyle (1627-1691). Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715). Cartesian . Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694). Social contract theorist. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). Isaac Newton (1643-1727). Anne Conway, Viscountess