; only sporadic revolts such as the 1946 Punnapra-Vayalar uprising and the Dewan of Travancore Velayudan Thampi Dalava , Kozhikode navarch Kunjali Marakkar , and Pazhassi Raja , among others, vied for greater autonomy or independence. Many actions, spurred by such leaders as Vaikunda Swami , Sree Narayana Guru and Chattampi Swamikal