on three sides by the Nallamala and Palakonda hills. The city is named "Threshold" because it is the gateway from west to the sacred hill  Tirumala  of Sri Venkateswara Swamy. Kishkindakanda, one of the 7 kandas of the  Ramayanam , is believed to have happened in Vontimitta , Kadapa.  Vontimitta  is