THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES
Originator: SUBCOMMITTEE ON CASTRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSION
Document date: 00/00/0000
Document type: PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

## Page 1

Date

Page :

10/22/97

JEK ASSASSINATION SYSTEM

IDENTIFICATION FORM

AGENCY INFORMATION

AGENCY : JCS

RECORD NUMBER

: 202-10002-10024

RECORDS SERIES

TAYLOR PAPERS

AGENCY FILE NUMBER

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

ORIGINATOR: SUBCOMMITTEE ON CASTRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSION

FROM

TO

TITLE : THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

DATE : 00/00/00

PAGES :49

SUBJECTS: LATIN AMERICAN SECURITY

CUBA

COMMUNIST SUBVERSION

ANTI- SUBVERSION PROGRAMS

DOCUMENT TYPE : PAPER, TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

CLASSIFICATION : SECRET

RESTRICTIONS : 1C

CURRENT STATUS : RELEASED WITH DELETIONS

DATE OF LAST REVIEW

: 07/23/97

OPENING CRITERIA :

COMMENTS: Taylor Papers, Box 7. Package of papers compiled by

the Subcommittee on

Castro-Communist Subversion

related to effort to prevent Cuban subversion in Latin

America.

NO JOINT STAFF OBJECTION

TO DECLASSIFICATION

MAR

2016

DATE:

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202-10002-10024

Declassification Review/Postponement Form

Originator:

Multi

Dates

undater

Subject:

Su commitee on gubversion

Original Level of Classification: -

SECRET

Third Agency Equities:

CIA

State NSC

Remarks:

Page # of Postponement

CIA HAS NO OBJECTION TO

DECLASSIFICATION ANDIOR

RELEASE OF THIS DOCUMEN

Reason for Postponement IAW Section 6 of JFK Act

The Department of State postpones the release of portions oF

this document under the provisions of the JFK

Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992

(PL 102-526)

Reviewed on

12/23/97 go

Postponed Under CeCI) (C)

6(I)(c)

NO OBJECTION

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

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SUBCOMMITTEE ON

CASTRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSION

PAPERS ON

CONTROL OF TRAVEL BY SUBVERSIVES

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS

SURVEILLANCE OF THE CARIBBEAN

ExcHaNGE OF INTELLIGEnCE

TRAINING OF LATIN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

NO JOINT STAFF OBJECTION

TO DECLASSIFICATION

REQUIRES CONCURRENCE OF

ClA State NSC

DATE: JUL 011997

GROUP-1

EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC

DOWNGRADING AND DECLASSIFICATION

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The papers included herein embody a series

of action programs designed to impede the

Castro - Communist subversive effort in Latin

America. They were developed by an inter-

departmental group which included represen-

tation from the White House, Department of

State, Department of Defense, Department of

Justice, Treasury Department, Central Intel-

ligence Agency and United States Information

Agency•

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CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES

AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

III. The Attitudes of the Latin American Nations

IV. Actions Concerning Legitimate Travel

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Administrative Actions

b. Intelligence Actions

C. Actions Related to Common Carriers

d. Propaganda Actions

2. Longer Range Actions

a. Political Actions

b. Intelligence Actions

c. Administrative Actions

d. Actions Related to Common Carriers

e. Propaganda Actions

3. Organization of American States (OAS) Actions

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V. Actions Concerning Illegal Travel

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Intelligence Actions

b. Surveillance and Reporting Actions

2. Longer Range Actions

a. Surveillance Actions

. b. U.S. Military Assistance Actions

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CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

I. Introduction

The actions proposed herein are designed to impede

the flow of subversives between Cuba and other Latin

American countries. Execution of any one or more of

the enumerated actions will ameliorate the situation;

execution of them all will not completely solve it.

The practical problems involved are too numerous and

complex.

With respect to diminishing legal travel to Cuba,

we face multiple problems in the policies and attitudes

of those Latin American countries through which the

subversive traveller must pass.

from the viewpoint of

these nations the direct actions required have strong

political and sometimes legal implications - impli-

cations which cannot be overcome easily, even when

the leaders of these countries choose to do so.

In the matter of clandestine travel, we are

confronted not only with the great depth of communist

community.

In spite of this, the advantages do not all reside

with the communists.

Cuba's insular character imposes

certain sharp limitations upon personal movement.

Cuba has no frontiers with other states; everyone

who enters the country must do so either by water,

or air.

There

can be no slipping through the

barbed

wire;

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On the other hand, this same geographic situation

makes clandestine entry and exit reasonably simple.

There are 3,825 linear miles of essentially unpa-

trolled Central American coastline, within 175 to

850 miles from Cuba,

There are at least 93 airfields,

other than ours, within 700 miles of the

island, and

the ships

and craft indigenous to the Caribbean,

capable of supporting the subversive ebb and flow,

number well into the thousands.

Even in the face of these unfavorable factors, a

program of direct restraints, selected from among

the actions enumerated herein, can have favorable

effects.

Under the proposed steps some travel would

be stopped completely. More - probably much more -

would be rendered difficult.

Some hitherto legal

movement would be driven underground. Previous

clandestine movement would be impeded, complicated

and harassed to the point where it becomes more

costly, more uncertain, more hazardous and thus,

hopefully, less extensive.

It. Nature and Scope of the Problem

We do not know enough about the movement of

subversive trainees, into Cuba and - more important -

out of Cuba.

We do not know enough about the volume

of travel, or the media employed.

This is par-

ticularly true in the area of illicit traffic, where

our knowledge is extremely limited.

Regarding legal travel to Cuba, CIA presents the

following estimate:

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Legal Travel Into Cuba

Country No. of Legal Travellers Country No. of Legal Travellers

Jan-Feb

1962

1963

1962

Jan- Feb

1963

Mexico

4912*

Guatemala

80

969

Unk

Argentina

Uruguay

El Salvador 100

8

Paraguay

Nicaragua

50

Costa Rica 216

Unk

Brazil

10

Honduras

Venezuela

200

Unk

Colombia

400

Unk

British

Guiana

Panama

Ecuador

208

Unk

Trinidad

Peru

181

Unk

Jamaica

Bolivia

500

Unk

Chile

551

85

Dominican

Republic

Halti

*In transit, including about 300 Mexicans

500

115

60

Unk

Unk

Unk

400

Unk

92

40

21

Unk

56

1

Unk

Unk

593

Unk

None

Unk

Unk

Unk

While some of these travellers proceeded to Cuba by

other routes, the great majority passed through Mexico.

On the most conservative basis, then, it will be seen

that there cannot have been fewer than 4,912 travellers

to Cuba during 1902, while the average monthly number

passing through Mexico for the first two months of

1963 1s even higher than the 1962 monthly average,

and

indoctrination or guerrilla warfare training.

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of these are still in Cuba. Others have returned

their homelands; some by legal means; some probably

by 11licit means.

There is no reason to presume,

moreover, that the travel to Cuba of the remaining

3, 000-3,500 was entirely consistent with the best

interests of the hemisphere.

Prior to the October crisis, Latin Americans

travelling to Cuba usually moved by regular commercial

airlines or, on occasion, by specially chartered

Cubana flights.

Some travelled to Trinidad or

Curacao and

thence by regularly scheduled Cubana

KIM flights to Havana®

Others travelled to Mexico,

and from there by Mexicana or Cubana commercial

flights to Havana.

With the cessation of service

to Cuba by Pan American, KIM, Mexicana, and Iberia

airlines in October, the regular Cubana service

between Mexico City and Havana remained the sole

direct and regular airline connection between Cuba

and the remainder of Latin America.

The Cubana service between Havana and Mexico Is

scheduled to operate twice weekly, but sometimes only

a single flight is completed per week. Aircraft now

employed are British Britannias - an obsolescent model.

Cubana has requested, but has not yet received,

Mexican approval to

substitute Soviet II-18 transports

for the old Britannias.

Delay by the Mexicans in

granting this approval can have the favorable effect

of impeding travel, as the Britannias are now in

poor condition.

If, in addition, the British and

Canadians can be induced to suspend delivery of

spare parts, the planes will soon become inoperative.

Iberia airlines resumed its regular twice-monthly

flights from Madrid to Havana on 11 February.

flight makes one stop, in the Azores, before reaching

KIM has not yet resumed its regular flights to Cuba

from the Netherlands Antilles.

However, it is now con-

sidering doing so.

In this regard it is concluded

resumption of scheduled flights by a United States

carrier could serve as an encouragement to KIM and

others to do the same.

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Soviet and Czech airlines serving Cuba do not stop

regularly at any other Latin American country, though

the soviet Aeroflot line has occasionally sought and

received permission from Brazil to land at Recife,

enroute to Cuba.

Some Latin Americans may have

travelled to Cuba on these infrequent flights and,

should Brazil permit this arrangement to become

regularized, the movement of subversives could

achieve a new order of magnitude.

A Canadian non-scheduled line has operated a few

flights from Canada to Havana and return, carrying

both material and personnel.

The Canadians have been

unresponsive to our efforts

to obtain identification

of the passengers.

There are no regularly scheduled sea carriers

operating between Latin America and Cuba,

However,

a number of trainees from British Guiana

travelled to Cuba aboard unscheduled Cuban merchant

vessels engaged in transporting rice from Guiana to

Cuba*

Clandestine sources report that transit of Latin

Americans through Mexico to Cuba often involves illicit

procedures.

The Cuban embassy in Mexico City provides

the travellers, whom they identify as tourists, with

special Cuban entry papers; no entry is made in their

passports, and they are given pseudonyms for travel

out of and into Mexico.

This procedure is obviously

designed to impede any effort by the other Latin

American governments subsequently to identify the

travellers

to exercise surveillance over their

activities upon their return,

Evidence at hand portrays a substantial flow of

travel by legal means.

This must be countered

Into and out of Cuba, which will undoubtedly assume

growing proportions

as legal travel is curtailed,

and about which our intelligence is at present most

limited

Elimination of this intelligence void must

be accorded high priority.

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SECRET

III. The Attitudes of the Latin American Nations

success of many of the overt actions proposed in

the sections to follow will turn upon the attitudes

of the Latin American nations within whose borders

the restraining actions must take place. Presented

of participation in a coordinated program of travel

control.

As a general matter, the imposition of controls

on travel is not popular with the publie in any Latin

American country

This, coupled with their current

lack of full awareness of the danger represented by

Cuba's training of subversives, will diminish the

willingness of some governments to impose controls

unilaterally•

This is especially true since they

recognize that unilateral restraints will have little

effect on curbing the travel of their nationals to

Cuba, if supporting multilateral action is not also

taken, It is likely, however, that most of the

Latin American countries would respond favorably --

albelt In varying degrees - to US leadership in

seeking to reduce the flow of persons to Cuba for

Ideological or subversive training.

The Central American countries are more acutely

aware of the danger posed by duban-inspired sub-

version than is Latin America at large, and can

expected to react favorably to proposals for re-

ducing travel to Cuba which President Kennedy might

present

at the San Jose Presidential meeting.

However, their ability to carry out commitments which

they may make will be limited by domestic legal

and political considerations, as well as by their

countriest technical incompetence in such matters.

Since Mexico is currently the principal

hemisphere transit point for legal travel of sub-

versives to and from Cuba, Its attitude is of great

importance. Mexico, to date, has taken several

significant steps with respect to travel between

Mexican cities and Cuba. It has instituted close

6(1)(c)

SECRET

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SECRET

surveillance over travellers, to include stamping

passports to evidence travel

to Cuba.

In addition,;

the Mexicans now photograph, coverty, a persons

arriving from or departing for cuba,

and have given

tacit approval to suspension of Cuban service by

Compania Mexicana de Aviacion (CMA). These actions

all suggest that Mexico might be induced to take even

further cooperative steps, particularly on an un-

publicized, b1-lateral basis, wherein the political

hazards of taking a public OAS position are not

Involved. In this regard, the Central American

Presidents would probably agree individually to seek

the participation of President Lopez Mateos of Mexico

In specific cooperative moves to restrict the flow

persons to cuba through that country.

Peru now has regulations which actually prohibit

travel to Cuba, but the regulations have engendered

public resistance, and are not enforced. The

Dominican Republic prohibits such travel. Haiti

has no established policy, but passports and exit

permits are reportedly issued only on the personal

approval of President Duvalier. Colombia could

legally impose restrictions by executive decree,

but has shown no inclination to do so. Other

countries, such as Venezuela, Chile, and the Central

American nations, plead the existence of legal or

constitutional barriers which preclude the pro-

hibition of travel to cuba, but thus lar, they

have made Iittle effort to

remove these barriers

Five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile,

Uruguay, Mexico, and Bolivia) now maintain diplomatic

relations with Cuba.

Brazil

continues its drift to

the left and gives little evidence of modifying its

tolerant attitude

toward the Castro government.

Chile, with a legal Communist Party, exercises no

restraints on travel to Cuba, either direct or

via third country.

The elimination of all legitimate passenger

service to Cuba from Latin America could be

6(1)(c)

SECRET

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achieved through invocation of the Rio Treaty, but 1t

1s unlikely that the hemisphere countries would agree

to do so in the absence of some major crisis similar

to that involving the Soviet missiles or a case of

direct Cuban intervention in another Latin American

country.

Nevertheless, a campaign on our part to

develop

a full awareness of the danger represented

by the flow of Castro-trained subversives would

probably create a growing willingness to take action

oriented in this direction.

In this connection,

however, it is concluded that resumption of regular

passenger service to Cuba by United States companies

would render more difficult our efforts to persuade

Latin American and other free world countries to

take a grave view of the situation, and to partici-

pate in dynamic action.

Virtually, all the Latin American countries would

be willing to move against Cuban-trained subversives

upon their return to home countries, once they put

their new training to use. The efforts of these

nations will not be dramatically effective, however,

since, in the area of internal security, all of them

suffer from deficiencies in technical skill, training,

equipment and sometimes from a lack of a sense of

urgency-

The United States can provide essential

leadership in eliminating all of these deficiencies,

IV. Actions Concerning Legitimate Travel

Listed below are specific actions contemplated to

impede legitimately executed travel, to and from Cuba.

Legitimate travel is characterized, for this purpose,

as travel on recognized public carriers, openly

arranged and involving travel documents which are

presumed to be in proper order. Certain of the

actions, it will be noted, are partially in effect.

Others have been proposed

to the OAS - wholly or in

part - by its Special Consultative Committee on

Security.

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SECRET

1. Immediate Impact Actions

The following actions offer promise of producing

early, visible and effective results.

a. Administrative Actions

(1) Both through the OAS and bilaterally, Induce

each Western Hemisphere country to:

(a) Stamp passports or other travel

documents issued to

for travel

" to Cuba. "Own nationals "not valld

(b) Refuse exit permits for Cuba to any

national of a third country who cannot produce

a valid permit issued by his own country for

travel to Cuba.

the traveller is a citizen.

(d) Require accurate manifests of all carriers

departing for or arriving from Cuba, and furnish

copies of these manifests to diplomatic missions

of other Western Hemisphere countries which are

affected.

(2) Persuade Mexico to fingerprint, in addition

to photographing, alt persons leaving for or

arriving from cuba, and to provide data to the par-

ent country of the nationals involved.

(3) Make covert arrangements with police and

other security and administrative officials in

countries now being used for legal transit to Cuba

to impose administrative impediments and harassment

on suspicious Cuba-bound travellers, in order to

increase the difficulty of travel and thus dis

courage prospective travellers.

b. Intelligence Actions

(1) Intensify U.S, intelligence efforts in

each country to identify persons who have travelled,

6(i)(c)

SECRET

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or intend to travel, to Cuba, and report selected

Information promptly to the host government, as

consistent with our own intelligence pro-

gram, and the requirement to protect our sources.

(2) Intensify current efforts to introduce

covert, U.S, - controlled agents from each country

into the Cuban training program.

c. Actions Related to Common Carriers

(I) Prohibit resumption of air service to

Cuba by U.S. carriers, in order to provide a

favorable example to other nations.

(2) Expand current restrictions on foreign

shipping engaging in commerce with Cuba by

closing United States ports to all ships of

any shipping line which continues to send any

ships to Cuban ports.

(3) Both through the OAS and bilaterally, request

Latin American countries to prohibit ships arriving

from or departing for Cuba from embarking or disem-

barking passengers in their ports.

(4) Both through the OAS and bilaterally,

request Latin American countries to deny their

ports to ships of Cuban registry.

d. Propaganda Actions

Pursue a hemisphere-wide publicity campaign

to expose

the scope and purpose of Cuban training

of the nationals of other countries for sub-

versive purposes, in order to discourage pro-

spective trainees and impress the governments

and the peoples concerned with the urgent

need to halt the travel of Latin American

nationals to Cuba.

2. Longer Range Actions

The following actions should also be undertaken

without delay.. Their ultimate results may be of far-

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reaching importance, but probably will be longer in

realization

a. Political Actions

(1) Renew and intensify bilateral negotiations

with

the five Latin American governments which

have not done so to sever diplomatic relations with

Cuba.

(2) Through bilateral negotiations press countries

with inadequate legal restrictions on travel to

Cuba to adopt laws enabling the prohibition of such

travel and providing severe penalties for evasion,

Recommend that rewards be offered for identification

of evaders.

(3) In separate diplomatic approaches to each

country, reiterate the need for full and effective

cooperation with appropriate OAS bodies, and bi-

laterally among the several states, in the inter-

change of information concerning travel of persons

to Cuba and other Castro-Communist subversive

activities.

(4) Propose periodic regional or sub-regional

meetings of ministers of Government of the

American Republics to review the implementation

of steps taken by them to combat movement of

subversives in the Caribbean.

(5) Urge other Latin American nations to

negotiate separately and/or collectively with Mexico

Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile in order to en-

list cooperation in adopting specific measures to

prevent the movement through their countries of

third country personnel to and from Cuba.

b. Intelligence Actions

Intensify our action in making available to each

country selected intelligence concerning the extent,

nature, and insidious implications, of Cuban sub-

versive activities, as consistent with the require-

ment to protect our own intelligence program.

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Administrative Actions

(1) Encourage Latin American governments to insti-

tute administrative procedures, such as exhaustive

examination of manifests,

air-worthiness checks of

aircraft, baggage inspection and inspection of health

and other documents, all designed deliberately to

delay and otherwise

make difficult the carrying of

passengers to Cuba.

(2) Request governments of Latin American countries

which persist in maintaining diplomatic relations

with Cuba to expose the falsification of travel docu-

ments by Cuban embassies or consulates, and take

punitive measures, such as the expulsion of Cuban

alplomatic personnel, to bring such illegal activity

to a halt. Provide U.S. technical assistance as re-

quested.

(3) Intensify technical assistance to Latin

American countries in Improving immigration and

customs controls.

d. Actions Related to Common Carriers

(1) Persuade Mexico to halt Cubana Airlines

If unable to do so, seek to persuade

Mexyco to refuse the introduction of Soviet-made air-

craft in the Havana-Mexico City route on technical

This will create an obstacle to Cubana,

since the Britannia aircraft now used are falling

into disrepair.

(2) Request again of Great Britain, Canada, and

any other potential supplier that they cut off the

supply of spare parts for Cuba's Britannia aircraft.

(3) Conduct negotiations with the Netherlands,

Mexico, Cabada and Spain to persuade those countries

to stop, or refrain from reestablishing, commercial

air flights to Cuba.

Enlist the cooperation of

other Western Hemisphere countries normally pro-

viding terminal service for any of the airlines in-

volved, such as Venezuela and Trinidad, In applying

pressure.

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e, Propaganda Actions

(1) Intensify USIA and CIA Input of propaganda

in Latin American public Information media discredit-

ing the Cuban training effort, exposing the hazard

which it holds for Latin American tranquility, and

discrediting persons who have undergone subversive

training, in order to discourage possible volunteers

and develop popular opposition to such activities.

(2) Identify returned trainees who are dis-

satisfied with their Cuban training experience and

exploit their capabilities for provision of intelli-

gence and propaganda material for exposing and

discrediting Castro-Communist subversive activities.

(3) Initiate a publicity campaign throughout

Latin America, not attributable to the United States,

which focuses

unfavorably on the use of Mexican,

Uruguayan, Brazilian, and Chilean transit facilities

for movement of persons of other countries to and

from Cuba for subversive purposes.

3. Organization of American States (OAS) Actions

In view of the important political, psychological,

and, hopefully, material benefits to be derived from

any

success achieved through the OAS in combatting

Cuban subversive activity,

the following measures

should be undertaken by the United States in that body,

at times and under circumstances which give regard to

the need to preserve hemispheric solidarity, and give

recognition to the fact that progress will probably

be slow.k

a. Pursue adoption by the OAS of a resolution

calling upon all member states to sever diplomatic

relations with Cuba, thus impeding the travel of

to Cuba by legal means, and at the same

time, creating serious obstacles to other related

Cuban

subversive activities.

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b= Propose recommendations by the OAS to member

governments of a program of steps, on both the

national and

international levels, to control

travel by their nationals to Cuba, utilizing the

proposals in the report by the Special Consultative

Committee on Security (SCCS) as well as the specific

recommendations set forth herein.

c. Once the initial comprehensive program in

bo above is undertaken, utilize the appropriate

OAS bodies to follow up on implementation through

such means as multilateral exchange of information,

meeting of experts, and utilization by Individual

countries of the services of the Special Consulta-

tive Committee

on security

d. Propose adoption by the OAS of a resolution,

binding upon all member states, to terminate

regular air and maritime carrier traffic with

Cuba.

V• Actions Concerning Illegal Travel

As the actions outlined in the preceding sections

become effective, one of the results will be to force

the hitherto legal travel into clandestine channels.

It may, therefore, be expected that measures to

impede illegal movement will acquire steadily in-

creasing importance.

The steps proposed herein are listed, as in the

preceding section, in terms of immediate impactipro-

jects which promise early and visible results, and

longer range projects which, while of great importance,

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Intelligence Actions

(1) Increase greatly our penetration and

other intelligence efforts to identify persons

engaging in illegal travel to Cuba, and

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determine routes and methods employed. Report

selected information, consistent with the

requirement for protecting our own intelligence

program, to host

government

(2) Utilize US intelligence capabilities to

determine the nature and extent of clandestine

aircraft and small boat traffic between Cuba and

other countries in the Caribbean area, with

special attention to Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica,

Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Use evidence

obtained to persuade governments concerned to

institute surveillance and other control measures.

b, Surveillance and Reporting Actions

(1) Continue current US sea and air sur-

veillance of the Caribbean area contiguous to

Cuba.

(2) Continue the development, at high

priority, of Us communications in Latin America,

in order to improve alerting, reporting and

control capabilities.

(3) Establish intelligence centers at

Caribbean Command and Caribbean Sea Frontier

Headquarters for rapid processing and dissemi-

nation to countries concerned via the American

Ambassadors, of intelligence on the movement

of subversives.

2. Longer Range Actions

a Surveillance Actions

(1) Establish a coordinated Caribbean sur-

veillance system involving:

(a) Continued close-in surveillance of

Cuba by

Us forces.

(b) A US military alerting system, by

which intelligence of subversive movement will

be rapidly transmitted to the American

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Ambassadors to countries concerned through

intelligence centers at Caribbean Command

and Caribbean Sea Frontier Headquarters of

the Atlantic Command.

(c) A unilateral surveillance and inter-

ception effort by each country in its own

territorial waters.

(d) US assistance in final interception

in territorial waters, upon request by the

country concerned.

b. US Military Assistance Actions

(1) Establish Military Assistance objectives

and planning guidance to provide selected

countries, especially in the Caribbean and

Central American area, with the necessary small

patrol craft, training and logistical support,

including fuel for operations if required, to

enable these countries to establish an effective

patrol of their own coasts.

Provide necessary

funds in addition to present programs.

(2) Provide US Navy, Air Force and Coast

Guard training assistance, as required, to

develop or improve coastal patrol capabilities

of Latin American military forces. This may

take the form of a Canal Zone training activity,

employment of mobile training teams, or a com-

(3) Urge the accelerated improvement of

internal security forces and police forces in

Latin American countries and the intensification

of patrol and intelligence activities aimed at

preventing clandestine departures and apprehending

returned trainees.

Provide equipment, training

and advice as required.

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CUBA

CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.: Introduction

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

General Methods of Transferring Convertible

Currency

2. Introduction by Individual Travellers

3. Iransfers through Banking Institutions

4. Transfers by Diplomatic Personnel

5. Transfers through Trade Subterfuge

II.

6. Relative Importance of Transfer Methods

Actions Recommended

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CUBA

DIRECT CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS TO AND

WITHIN LATIN AMERICA

I.:.

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to recommend measures

which will impose direct controls upon the flow of funds

from Cuba to and within other Latin American countries.

We possess evidence that Cuba is providing financial

support to subversive campaigns in other Latin American

countries, but the full dimensions of the problem, in

terms of amounts involved and methods used, are not

We need more information. The difficulty with

this information is procured underscores the prob-

lems of counter-measures, since funds can be transferred

difficult to detect and harder to prevent. While we

may be able to diminish the flow through some channels

financial operations in others, we cannot hope to suc

ceed in stopping them altogether, and even if this were

feasible, the possibility of financial support of

subversion by the USSR and other Bloc nations would remain.

Nevertheless, it should not be concluded that

the impediments recommended herein are of insufficient

importance to warrant their imposition. Impediments

to the movement of funds can be imposed at relatively

little cost to the United States, and they will have

some effect in interfering with Castro's pursuit, through

subversion; of his basic objective of gaining communist

allies in Latin America. This effect could be very

significant when added to others that we hope to achieve

through our over all anti-subversion program.

In examining this problem, It quickly became

evident that the most effective countermeasures are to

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be found in the area of reducing the capability of

Cuba to acquire reserves of free world convertible

currencies, such as U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars,

Pounds Sterling, Swiss francs, etc. Cuban pesos are

usable only in Cuba. They are not convertible to any

other currency and are therefore of little if any value

elsewhere in the world. Cuba's reserves of foreign

exchange, moreover, have been steadily diminishing

and are now estimated to stand at not more than $25

our efforts to weaken the Cuban economy, these foreign

exchange reserves can be reduced further. However, It

must hotcbe overlooked that the Soviet Union can provide

foreign exchange for Cuban use.

While of transcendent importance, this question

of diminishing Cuba's foreign exchange through economic

measures is properly related to the larger objective of

weakening

the economic position of Castro-Communist

cuba, and thus advancing further toward the goal of

causing the downfall of the Communist government. As

rogress is realized in this broad endeavor there wil

e a recuetion In castros ability to finance suaver

sive operations in the Hemisphere.

The matter of intensifying our economic warfare

against Cuba is regarded, however, as beyond the

purview of this committee.

Therefore, the program of

actions recommended in this paper has

been directed

to the transfer of funds. This includes physical

transfers, transfers through bank transactions and

transfers

by subterfuge in connection with trade.

II.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

1. The Castro regime may transfer convertible

currency to subversives in other Latin American

countries by four general methods:

a. Introduction by hand, by legal or 1llegal

travellers.

b. Transfers through international banking

institutions.

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c. Introduction by Cuban or Bloc diplomatic

personnel; including couriers.

d. The practice of subterfuge in connection with

international business transactions.

These methods are discussed in following paragraphs, along

with steps which might be undertaken to diminish the

effectiveness of each.

2. Introduction of Funds, by Hand, by Individual

Travellers

This is the least convenient and least dependable

method in terms of the hazard of theft, loss, misappropria-

tion, confiscation or extortion. Nevertheless, we have

evidence that this technique is employed. Funds can be

introduced by legal travellers, where there are no effec-

tive controls, or they can be introduced by smuggling.

With respect to smuggled funds, it is noted that the

measures previously approved for control of illegal

travel will likewise be effective in impeding the illegal

movement of funds by such persons. In like manner, the

measures previously approved for control of legal travel

will affect the movement of funds by persons in that

category.

Additional restrictions on the introduction of

funds by legal travellers might be adopted by Latin

American countries, in the form of limitations on amounts

or administrative requirements for declaration of sums

in hand. However, recommendation on our part to

institute such controls would be contrary to our estab

lished policy of encouraging the Latin American nations

to maintain free exchange systems.

These countries

need foreign exchange, and would consequently be hesi-

tant to adopt any actions which would limit their means

of acquiring it. Additionally, the adoption of controls

on the importation of foreign exchange by Latin American

nations would impose an undesirable burden on legiti

mate business and other travel from the United States,

as well as from other friendly nations.

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Thus, in the category of movement of funds by

travellers, it is concluded that little more should be

done at this time than is currently in motion.

3. Transfers through Banking Institutions

Cuba's reserves of foreign exchange are held principally,

in the State Bank of Russia, the Moscow Narodny Bank in

London, the banque comerciale pour 1/Europe du Nora

(a Communist owned institution) in Paris, the Bank Intra

01

Switzerland, the Bank of Montreal and the Royal Bank

of Canada. Funds from these deposits are transmitted

on order of the National Bank of Cuba, which controls

all of the accounts.

U.S. dollars are the principal currency used in

Latin America. The transfer of dollars from these

overseas accounts to subversives in Latin American

countries can be impeded, in a significant degree, through

the institution by the United States of blocking controls

against Cuba, under section 5(b) of the Trading with the

Enemy Act. This blocking action would prohibit all

transactions with Cuba by persons or institutions sub-

ject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and

would effectively interrupt Cuban movement of U.s.

dollars to Latin America through any U.S. bank.

Movement by Cuba of dollars through banks of

third countries would also be greatly diminished by this

action. It is known and generally accepted in inter-

national banking circles, that it is standing U.S. policy

that any foreign bank which transfers dollars through

U.S. banks in behalf of a blocked country 1s subject

to having its own U.S. accounts blocked. Because of the

importance of U.S, banks in international trade, foreign

banks cannot afford such a restriction. This policy

has been effective in the past, having deterred foreign

banks, even those of Communist countries, from engaging

in dollar transactions on behalf of Communist China,

which have been blocked by the U.S. for over twelve

years.

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With U.S. dollar channels blocked, other, less

desirable, avenues would remain open to Cuba for bank

transfer of convertible currencies such as Sterling,

Swiss francs, Canadian dollars, etc. If the British

and Canadians

could be persuaded to prohibit remit-

tances in their currencies in behalf of Cuba, the

latter's capability to move funds through banking

channels would be further curtailed, and transfers in

other currències, such as Swiss francs, would be

relatively easy to detect and monitor.

Whilé it is

unlikely that British and Canadian cooperation would be

forthcoming in this degree, these countries could still

make a valuable contribution to the campaign against

Castro-Communist subversion by providing intelligence

concerning major transactions in their currencies by

Cuba.

4. Transfers by Diplomatic Personnel

We know that convertible currencies have been

carried to Latin American countries illegally by

diplomatic representatives and couriers of both Cuba

and the Bloc countries, under the protection of their

diplomatic immunity. This form of transfer can be

diminished through

the rupture of diplomatic relations

with Cuba by those countries in Latin America which

have not already taken such action. However, the

diplomatic facilities of other Bloc countries would

probably remain available to Cuba in some Latin American

nations.

5. Transfers Through Trade Subterfuge

An effective method of disguising transfers of

funds for subversive purposes is to give such transfers

the appearance of legitimate payments for items received

in trade. In one technique, goods may be sent to a

Cuban addressee by a subversive in the export-import

business in a Latin American country bearing an erroneous

invoice. A shipment having an actual value of $10,000

can be invoiced and paid for at $12,000, thus achieving

a direct transfer of $2,000 from Cuba to the Latin

American country whence the shipment originated. Such

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transfers of funds could be eliminated only by the

interruption of all trade between Cuba and other Latin

American countries. And even if this were achieved,

the same technique could be used, although at greater

cost and with much more difficulty, to transfer Cuban.

funds to Latin America via France, for example, through

a third party French Communist import-export firm.

Another commercial technique for transferring

funds from Cuba directly to Latin America, through trade,

is by means of uncompensated exports.

As an example, a

Cuban source might send $5,000 worth of Cuban publica-

tions to a leftist bookstore in Chile. The bookstore

would not pay Cuba for the publication, but instead

would use the proceeds of the sale for subversive pur-

poses. This method also could be fully controlled

only by an interruption of trade with Cuba.

6. Relative Importance of Transfer Methods

All of the above mechanisms are usable, and pro-

bably all are employed now.

However, since large sums

can now be transferred readily through banking institutions,

with small risk of loss or exposure, this method is

considered to be the most significant and is deserving

of the greatest attention in an action program.

Next

in importance probably is the transfer of currencies

by diplomatic personnel - a procedure involving small

risk of loss or exposure.:

Transfers by legal or

illegal travellers are considered to be less important

in view of the risks involved, the physical limitations

on amounts which can be carried by individuals and the

availability of other means.

Trade subterfuge would

presently appear to be of least significance, since

such arrangements involve more difficulties than any

of the other available methods.

III.

Actions Recommended

1. The actions proposed herein, when added to those

already proposed for controlling the movement of sub-

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versive persons, propaganda and arms, will serve to

inhibit directly Cuba's effectiveness in financing sub-

version in Latin America.

It must be acknowledged how-

ever, that Cuba's efforts to provide convertible currency

to subversives in other Latin American countries cannot

be rendered wholly ineffective by these measures alone.

Complementary steps designed to reduce the ability of

Cuba to acquire foreign exchange will also be required

to constitute a full attack on the problem.

2. The following actions are recommended as

promising to have some significant effect:

a. Establish regulations blocking

(1) the unlicensed transfer of U.S. dollars

to Cuba;

(2) the unlicensed transfer of U.S. dollars

directly or indirectly from Cuban accounts to

free world countries; and

(3) all other unlicensed transactions

with Cuba or Cuban nationals, or transactions

involving property in which there is a Cuban

interest.

These actions should be taken only following the

development of detailed implementing instructions

by the State and Treasury Departments and their

final evaluation in light of other considerations

which bear on the matter.

b. Seek opportunities to pursuade Latin American

nations which have not done so to sever diplomatic

relations with Cuba.

c. Increase intelligence efforts to gain

information concerning:

(1) the size and location of Cuban accounts

in free world banking institutions;

7

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(2) transfers of funds from these accounts

to

recipients in Latin America; and

(3) Cuban movement of currencies to other

Latin American countries by legal and 1llegal

travellers, including diplomatic personnel.

d. Where locally feasible, encourage Latin

American nations to impound funds of know Castro.

Communist organizations.

Encourage Latin American countries to enlist

the cooperation of their financial institutions

in detecting suspicious accounts and in exposing

transfers of funds for subversive purposes.

I. Seek, using appropriate means, to induce

Canada, Great Britain, and other NATO countries

to provide information on the direct or indirect

transfer of significant amounts of their currencies

by Cuba or Cuban nationals to other Latin American

countries.

g. As applicable, persuade Latin American

countries to sever all direct or indirect trade

relations with Cuba, except those involving sale

to Cuba of foodstuffs and medicines.

h. Encourage Latin American countries to

establish surveillance of known or suspected

Communist controlled businesses to inhibit trans-

fers of funds to subversives through such estab-

1ishments

1. Encourage Latin American countries to ex-

pose and publicize illegal transfers of funds

for subversive purposes.

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PROPAGANDA

CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

III.

Direct Actions to Impede Legal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

1. Political Actions

2. Intelligence Actions

3. Covert Actions

IV.

Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

1. Intelligence Actions

2 Surveillance and Reporting Actions

3. Political Actions

4 Technical Assistance Actions

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CUBA

MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

I. Introduction

The actions proposed herein are designed to impede

the movement of Communist propaganda materials from Cuba

to and within Latin American countries.

They complement

the basic actions relating to control of movement of sub-

versive trainees to and from Cuba, which actions are gen-

erally applicable in the solution of this problem as well.

As in the companion measures for control of the movement

of subversive trainees, successful execution of the actions

proposed below will reduce the flow of propaganda materials

but will not eliminate it entirely.

Communist Cuba has many legitimate outlets through

which propaganda materials flow.

As these legitimate

outlets are blocked by the initial steps herein proposed,

It with be necessary for the Cuban propagandists and their

sympathizers elsewhere to turn from the mass exportation

of materials to the production and dissemination of the

same materials In a clandestine environment within the

several Latin American countries. Of the two threats, the

1111clt production of propaganda materials in each country

will be by far the more difficult to abate.

In combatting these threats, one of the most power

ful factors is the influence of our own information and

counter-propaganda efforts, which USIA and CIA have in-

creased greatly during the past two years. This paper,

however, is concerned wholly with direct actions; actions

designed to impede the movement of propaganda materials

to and within Latin America.

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

While the Castro Image has faded somewhat in Latin

America, and the attraction of Cuba as a model has dimin-

ished,

the susceptibility of the Latin American people to

communist propaganda remains high.

The basic social and

economic factors which have made this true in the past

propaganda materials with which the Latin Americans are

now beset are impressive, as exemplified in the many

millions of dollars which the communists are estimated to

gram and it presents a continuing threat to the tran-

quility of Latin America.

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Our efforts to combat the problem, moreover, are

complicated by the fact that freedom of

thought, express-

Ion and press are generally highly regarded in Latin

America, albeit not universally honored, and any proposals

to reduce the flow of Castro-Communist subversive materials

must be influenced by this fact.

Otherwise the United

States may find itself indicted for fostering police-

state methods, a charge which could alienate many of the

Latin Americans we seek to influence.

For the purpose of this paper, propaganda materials

Include radio program scripts, tapes and recordings, printed

materials, (posters, pamphlets, magazines, leaflets, books,

newspapers, news service output), motion pictures, dupli-

cating or reproducing equipment, electronic communications

equipment, and printing resources, particularly paper stock-

piles.

However, to be complete,

"movement of propaganda

materials"

must extend also to publications which are hand-

carried into a country by legal or illegal travellers for

subsequent reproduction. It must also include materials

transmitted through Cuban and Soviet Bloc diplomatic

channels, shipments via postal channels, quantities intro-

duced through smuggling operations, oral transmission of

propaganda guidance by individual travellers or by Radio

Havana, and the dissemination of communist oriented news

by Prensa Latina, the official Cuban news agency, for re-

production by local outlets.

Finally to be considered are

thematic guidance, which can be reproduced and exploited

locally by returning trainees, front groups and sympathetic

publications and, in some countries such as Mexico, Argen-

tina and Uruguay, the products of those commercial

estab-

lishments which regularly print or broadcast pro-Castro-

Communist materials as a matter of policy or ideological:

conviction.

Press and Publications

There are 326 Communist and pro-Communist newspapers

and periodicals in Latin America, and infiltration of the

democratic press, coupled with the non-critical attitudes

of some newspapermen, Increases greatly the diffusion of

the Cuban propaganda line:

There are 228 Communist-oriented

publishing houses and bookstores in Latin America, serving,

as outlets not only for 30 different Cuban periodicals, but

for a large variety of other Communist printed material.

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Every Latin American country except the Dominican

Republic, Paraguay, Nicaragua, and Venezuela permits

these bookshops to operate.

Many of them offer publi-

cations at very low prices or give away several books

with the purchase of one, and easy credit terms are

available.

Excluding TASS and the New China News Agency (NCNA),

Panama and Uruguay. While most users of Prensa Latina

releases are covert or overt Communists, some non-Communist

media make unattributed use of Prensa Latina releases.

This 1s especially true of radio broadcasts.

All of this publication activity is essentially

overt. However, decrees banning communist propaganda

have not prevented the clandestine publications and astri-

bution of periodicals and books in some countries, and

propaganda materials continue to seek entiry through the

mails. In Panama, for example, postal and customs authori-

ties destroy an average of 12 tons of Cuban propaganda per

month.

Another ten tons per month is seized and destroyed

in Costa Rica. This suggests the further quantities, pere

haps larger, may be finding their way into these and other

countries.

Radio

Short wave radio is the principal direct mass audience

medium used by Cuba to carry subversive propaganda to Latin

America. The Castro regime has constantly increased Radio

Havana's short wave broadcasts to Latin America to a current

level of 115:30 hours per week.

Cultural Activities

Penetration under the guise of cultural activities 1s

a favored Communist propaganda technique in Latin America,

where there are now some 64 Cuban binational centers and

Friendship Societies.

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F11ms

Feature films and short documentaries produced by the

Cuban Institute of Motion Picture Art and Industry play a

direct propaganda role.

These films are shown primarily in

binational centers, pro-Communist labor and student groups,

and in private or clandestine meetings.

It will be seen from this brief review that Latin

America 1s the target of a broad-scale propaganda program,

comprising not only propaganda materials but including

also the ideas, the knowledge and the resources which are

necessary to make those materials effective.

III.

Direct Actions to Impede the Legal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

Presented below is a summary of actions contemplated

to impede the legal movement of propaganda materials from

Cuba to and within Latin American countries. For the pur-

pose of this paper, legal movement is defined as movement

by recognized private and governmental carriers and communi-

cations, as well as postal systems and diplomatic pouching.

These actions offer promise of achieving early and

effective results in some Latin American countries, but

they do not have universal application, and those which may

be feasible in one country may not be necessary or feasible

in another.

1. Political Actions

a. Induce news media to diminish the utilization of

Prensa Latina.

b. Persuade those governments which receive Cuban

and Bloc diplomatic missions to maintain close

surveillance over the propaganda activities of the

Communist embassies with a view toward prohibiting

toard pronor cane

abuses of diplomatic privilege for subversive

purposes.

c. As applicable and feasible, induce Latin

American countries to:

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(1) Adopt adequate Internal security legislation

to provide severe penalties for any person engaging

In dissemination of Cuban-Communist propaganda

which inspires terrorism or proposes the overthrow

of the legal government by force and violence.

(2) Preclude attendance of Cuban delegates at

International meetings held in Latin America.

(Delegates are propaganda disseminators.)

2. Intelligence Actions

a, Continue U.S, intelligence efforts in each

country to identify Individuals, organizations and

facilities involved in propaganda importation,

reproduction and/or dissemination; make avallable to

each country selected intelligence concerning these

Individuals, organizations and their activities.

b. Encourage each country in which the Communist

Party 1s 1llegal to offer rewards for information

leading to interception of Castro-Communist propa-

ganda and, in countries where the Communist party 1s

legal, for conviction of persons supplying or

disseminating propaganda materials considered dan-

gerous to the country's tranquillty.

c. In separate diplomatic approaches to each

country, urge full and effective cooperation, with

the appropriate organs of the AS and bilaterally

among the several nations, in the interchange of

information concerning movement of propaganda

materials.

d. Persuade Latin American countries to report

promptly to the diplomatic mission of the country

concerned, the identity of any national of that

country who arrives from Cuba and who is discovered

to have been carrying Communist propaganda materials.

3. Covert Actions

a. Disrupt the reproduction and distribution of

propaganda materials,

and the procurement and delivery

of related supplies

and equipment.

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b. Seek opportunities to induce Latin American

printing craftsmen to deface, destroy, or misprint

Castro-Communist propaganda in the process of re

production

c. Disrupt Castro-Communist sponsored labor and

youth congresses, industrial and agricultural

exhibits in Latin American countries.

d. Maintain or increase pressures on media owners,

local advertising agencies and film producers and/or

distributors who accept Communist materials.

e, Dissuade US and local business firms from

advertising in Latin American media which carry

pro-Communist materials; provide informally to

US f1rms, for information, lists of such media

in order

to encourage their support of a non-

Communist press.

f. Inhibit the spread of Cuban and Bloc binational

centers and Friendship Societies in Latin America by

an active program to expose their subversive activittes

and objectives.

8. Where it can be determined that expenditure

of the funds is clearly justified, provide financial

support to selected non-Communist

news media requiring

assistance in order to compete with Communist

aligned publications which have significant cir-

culation or impact.

h. Induce Latin American countries to organize

surveillance over in-country sources of newsprint

and related supplies, and deny or inhibit the use

of these supplies for printing Communist materials.

IV.

Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement of

Propaganda Material

Many of the actions outlined in Section III related

to the legal movement of materials will serve also to

restrict 1llegal movement.

Additional measures designed

specifically to impede clandestine traffic are enumerated

below.

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• Intelligence Actions

a. Use penetration and other intelligence techniques

to identify efforts to move propaganda materials from

Cuba to and/or within Latin American countries; deter-

mine routes and methods employed; report selected

Information, consistent with requirements for protect-

Ing our own

intelligence program, to the governments

concerned.

b. Utilize the U,S. Intelligence community to

determine the nature and extent of clandestine alr

craft and small boat traffic between Cuba and other

countries in the Caribbean and Central American area,

giving particular attention to Mexico, Honduras,

Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republie.

evidence obtained to induce the governments concerned

to initiate surveillance and other control measures

aimed at Interception of propaganda materials.

2. Surveillance and Reporting Action

Exploit the mechanism of the Caribbean surveillance

system,

approved by the President in the study on

movement of personnel, for discovering and impeding

the movement of propaganda materials by illicit means.

3. Political Action

where legally leasible to do so, induce each Latin

American country to improve its police procedures

designed to expose the subversive Communist propaganda

apparatus in that country,

and to detect and eliminate

corrupt officials who permit 1ll1cit shipment of

propaganda materials.

4. Technical Assistance Actions

a. Provide technical assistance, where requested

to enable Latin American goverrments to locate

clandestine transmitters.

b. Assist in the accelerated improvement of the

capabilitles of Latin American Internal security

forces,

especially those patrol and intelligence

activities whose function is the prevention of clan-

destine propaganda activities.

Provide equipment,

training and advice as required.

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CUBA

CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

III. Actions Concerning Legal Arms Movement

1. Intelligence Actions

2. Policital and Administrative Actions

IV. Actions Concerning Illegal Arms Traffic

1. Training, Orientation and Indoctrination of

Latin American Personnel

2. Intelligence Actions

3. Political and Administrative Actions

4. Propaganda Actions

5. Military Actions

6. Covert Actions

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CUBA

DIRECT CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS TO AND

WITHIN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

I. :

Introduction

There is presented herein an action program aimed

at controlling the movement of arms to and within Latin

American countries through inhibitions on movement of

arms, restraints on their sale, ownership and fabrication,

and controls over the movement of the critical components

which are essential to the local manufacture of weapons.

If success is to be achieved in reducing their use

for subversive purposes in Latin America, the term

"arms"

cannot be limited to firearms in the narrow sense. In

addition, it must include explosives, fuzes, detonators on

and demolition equipment; all the weapons of hand-to-

hand combat; grenades and mines; underwater demolition

equipment; lethal gases, chemicals and instruments

for their projection; undercarriages and transportable

appendages for automatic weapons, mortars and other

heavy weapons; spare parts, special tools and equipment

for maintenance of weapons; portable radar and fire

control equipment; special sabotage devices; and printed

instructional material relating to any of the items

listed above, or relating to techniques for their em-

ployment in sabotage and demolition.

II. Nature and Scope of the Proplem

Our information regarding traffic in arms between

Cuba and the remainder of Latin America is extremely

The Central Intelligence Agency and the

Defense Intelligence Agency both conclude that duba is

probably not now sending significant quantities of

weapons to Latin American insurgents.

Rather the Cubans

appear thus far to have followed common guerrilla practice

in the matter of firearms supply, instructing the sub-

versive trainees who attend indoctrination in Cuba to

obtain weapons by theft in their own countries, or to

fabricate them locally, rather than to rely upon

supplies provided from

Cuba or elsewhere.

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• Nevertheless, it would be imprudent to assume that

the Castro government will not or cannot export arms

to

Latin America when to do so will serve its purposes.

The very large quantities of US arms furnished to pre-

Castro Cuban governments, those weapons collected from

the Cuban people in 1961, and the sizeable Bloc arms

shipments delivered to Cuba since that time, provide

the Castro regime with large stocks which are available

for transfer to subversives in other countries, should

a decision be made to do so. Moreover, Cuba has a con-

siderable air fleet and a large array of small craft.

These unite with Latin America's long, unguarded coasts,

numerous isolated landing fields and inadequate local

security forces, to make the threat of 11l1cit arms

shipment a considerable one.

On the basis of these facts it is concluded that

the immediate problems with respect to arms movement

are twofold: . to prevent internal assembly of illegal

arms and their distribution in and between Latin American

countries, while at the same time improving our

capability tó impede the movement of arms to those

countries from Cuba.

It is to be noted that, with respect to a number

of Latin American countries,

national policy decisions

are a precondition to many of the actions proposed

below.

These countries will have to find the resolution

to deal much more firmly with the general problem of

Castro-Communist subversive activities than they have

In the past if the proposed actions are to be effective.

III. Actions Concerning Legal Arms Movement

For the purpose of this paper, legal arms move-

ment is considered to be the movement of weapons and

other instruments of violence or the special materials

from which they are made, resulting from overt orders

placed by Latin American

governments or private groups;

and then subsequently shipped openly.

Many of the actions, which have previously been

approved with respect to controlling the movement of

subversive personnel, will have a direct application

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to the arms control problem. Listed below, in addition,

are proposed courses of action contemplated specifically

to impede legitimate arms traffic to, within and between

Latin American countries for subversive purposes.

1. Intelligence Actions

a. Intensify US intelligence efforts in each

Latin American country to determine the final

recipients of legal arms purchases and, consistent

with our own intelligence requirements, make this

Information available to the host government.

b, Monitor covertly, suspected sources of local

weapons manufacture (machine shops, metal fabri-

cators, foundries): Report positive findings to

host government, where appropriate.

2. Political and Administrative Actions

a. Persuade each Latin American country to

confirm the accuracy of cargo manifests of all

ships and aircraft departing for or arriving

from Cuba, and to intensify formal inspection of

all cargo, regardless of country or origin, for

munitions

materials.

b. Provide further US technical assistance to

Latin American countries to improve customs pro-

cedures and controls for ports, airfields and

border stations.

Through the US diplomatic mission in each

Latin American country, impress upon the appro-

priate ministries the need for ensuring the bona

Iides of all legal purchasers, dealers, brokers,

and transporters of arms, munitions and explosives,

and confirming that they are not communist relay

points

IV.

Actions Concerning Illegal Arms Traffic

Listed below are proposed actions designed to

impede the illicit fabrication, transportation and dis-

tribution of arms, in the broad connotation of the term

3

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as presented in Section I.

By virtue of their specific

nature, the actions do not have universal application,

and those which may be effective in one country may

not be necessary or feasible in another.

1. Training, Orientation, Indoctrination of Latin

American Personnel

Offer US assistance to Latin American nations

in Initiating training programs to educate law

enforcement, military, customs, border police,

and other officials in the technical aspects of

arms control, to include creation of an awareness

of the characteristics of all mechanisms of

destruction and violence.

2. Intelligence Actions

a. Penetrate subversive elements or groups in

each Latin American country to acquire intelligence

concerning illicit arms manufacture and movement.

Provide the affected governments with this

information, as consistent with the requirement

to protect our own intelligence program.

Assist

in disrupting such manufacture and movement by

covert means.

b. Utilize the resources of the US intelligence

community to determine the nature and extent of

clandestine aircraft and small boat traffic which

could be used for arms shipment from Cuba and

between other Latin American countries.

c. Propose bilateral arrangements providing for

the exchange of information on arms movement among

the US and Latin American countries, along the same

lines as proposed for other information relating

to subversive personnel and propaganda movement.

d. Encourage Latin American countries to utilize

their private aircraft in Civil Air Patrol Programs

for the purpose of extending in-country surveillance

of coasts and borders.

4

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3. Political and Administrative Actions

a. Urge Latin American countries to intensify

application of those internal law enforcement

measures which are designed to impede the 11l1c1t

traffic in arms.

Provide US training and technical

assistance, as requested.

b. Encourage Latin American countries to offer

rewards for information concerning the location of

caches and for positive identification of

persons engaged in illegal arms manufacture or

traffic.

c. Induce Latin American countries to expand

and intensify port, airfield and border inspection

of incoming and outgoing cargo for contraband arms.

d. Request diplomatic missions to bring to the

attention of each Latin American state the necessity

for employing strict physical security measures

and reliable accountability procedures with respect

to all arms and ammunition issued to units of the

armed forces, militia and law enforcement units.

e. Where applicable, propose bilateral agree-

ments among neighboring Latin American countries

concerning establishment of cooperative procedures

to prevent 1llicit arms traffic.

f. Through bilateral or AS mechanisms, as

appropriate, encourage Latin American countries to:

(1): Re-examine and adjust, as necessary,

the licensing qualifications and procedures

for all companies engaged in the manufacture,

transportation and sale of explosives and

firearms, to provide a ready basis for con-

trolling

their activities.

(2) Establish rigid control procedures for

the disposal of surplus and obsolescent arms

in use by armed forces and police.

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4. Propaganda Actions

a. Publicize confiscation of communist arms

caches, illegal arms movements, apprehension, con-

viction and punishment of arms

smugglers and

1llic1t

arms manufacturers.

Utilize news media, UN and OAS

forums.

b. Continue exposure, in Latin American mass

media, of castro Cuba as the focal point in the

international conspiracy to undermine established

Latin American governments by means of violence,

armed insurgency and terrorism.

5. Military Actions

Exploit the mechanisms of the Caribbean sur-

veillance system, approved by the resident in the

study on movement of personnel, to impede illicit

traffic in arms. This will be supported by the

revised military assistance guidance which was also

approved in the study on personnel movement.

6. Covert Actions

supply to known indigenous communist groups of special-

manner as to cause injury to the user, and thus gene-

rate both doubts and fears among the communist sub-

versives involved.

b. Apply subtle sabotage to intercepted illegal

arms shipments and permit them to proceed to desti-

nation.

c. Through agents, attempt to purchase arms from

suspected 1111cit sources in Latin America, in order

to expose these sources and to determine facts

concerning their method of delivery.

Also through

agents, attempt to sedl arms, to expose illicit

purchasers.

6

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CUBA

SURVEILLANCE OF THE CARIBBEAN

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CURVEILLANCT

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12/4/2014

National Archives and Records Administration

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AGENCY INFORMATION

AGENCY : JCS

RECORD NUMBER : 202-10002-10024

RECORDS SERIES : TAYLOR PAPERS

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

ORIGINATOR : SUBCOMMITTEE ON CASTRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSION

FROM : [No From]

TO : [No TO]

TITLE : THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

DATE: 00/00/0000

PAGES : 49

DOCUMENT TYPE : PAPER, TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

SUBJECTS : LATIN AMERICAN SECURITY; CUBA; COMMUNIST SUBVERSION;

ANTI-SUBVERSION PROGRAMS

CLASSIFICATION : SECRET

RESTRICTIONS : 1C

CURRENT STATUS : RELEASED WITH DELETIONS

DATE OF LAST REVIEW : 07/23/1997

COMMENTS : Taylor Papers, Box 7. Package of papers compiled by

the Subcommittee on Castro-Communist Subversion

related to effort to prevent. Cuban subversion in Latin

America.

Audit history for this Record Identification Form

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SECRET

SUBCOMMITTEE ON

CASTRO-COMMUNIST SUBVERSION

PAPERS ON

CONTROL OF TRAVEL BY SUBVERSIVES

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA

CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS

SURVEILLANCE OF THE CARIBBEAN

EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE

TRAINING OF LATIN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

NO JOINT STAFF OBJECTION

TO DECLASSIFICATION

REQUIRES CONCURRENCE OF

ClA State ASt

DATE: JUL R11997

SECRET

GROUP-1

EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC

DOWNGRADING AND DECLASSIFICATION

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SECRET

The papers included herein embody a series

of action programs designed to impede the

Castro - Communist subversive effort in Latin

Apartme They

America. They were developed by an inter-

departmental group which included represen-

tation from the White House, Department of

State,

Department of Defense, Department of

Justice, Treasury Department, Central Intel-

ligence Agency and United States Information

Agency.

SECRET

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34

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55

CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES

AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

--ті

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SECRET

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

11.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

III. :

The Attitudes of the Latin American Nations

IV. Actions Concerning Legitimate Travel

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Administrative Actions

b. Intelligence Actions

c. Actions Related to Common Carriers

d. Propaganda Actions

2. Longer Range Actions

a, Political Actions

b. Intelligence Actions

c. Administrative Actions

d. Actions Related to Common Carriers

e. Propaganda Actions

3. Organization of American States (OAS) Actions

PAGE

1

2

6

8

9

10

10

10

11

11

12

12

13

13

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SECRET

V. Actions Concerning Illegal Travel

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Intelligence Actions

b. Surveillance and Reporting Actions

2. Longer Range Actions

a. Surveillance Actions

b. U.S. Military Assistance Actions

SECRET

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14

14

•14

15

15

15.

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CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBVERSIVES AND SUBVERSIVE TRAINEES

I. Introduetion

The actions proposed herein are designed to impede

the flow of subversives

between Cuba and other Latin

American countries:

Execution of any one or more of

the enumerated actions will ameliorate the situation;

execution of them all will not completely solve it.

The practical problems involved are too numerous and

complex.

With respect to diminishing legal travel to Cuba,

we face multiple problems in the policies and attitudes

of those Latin American countries through which the

subversive traveller must pass.

From the viewpoint of

these nations the direct actions required have strong

political and sometimes legal implications - impli-

which cannot be overcome easily, even wher

the leaders of these countries choose to do so.

In the matter of clandestine travel, we are

confronted not only with the great depth of communist

guile, born of two generations of experience in the

international movement of subversives, but with the

inexperience,

ineptitude and lack of awareness in

these

same matters on the part of the Latin American

community.

In spite of this, the advantages do not all reside

with the communists,

Cuba's insular character imposes

certain

sharp limitations upon personal

Cuba has no frontiers with other states, evemeone

who enters the country must do so either by water:

or air.

There can be no slipping through the

barbed

wire.

SECRET

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SECRET

On the other hand, this same geographic situation

makes clandestine entry and exit reasonably simple.

There are 3,825 linear miles of essentially unpa-

trolled Central American coastline, within 175 to

850 miles from Cuba.

There are at least 93 airfields,

other than ours, within 700 miles of the island, and

the ships

and craft indigenous to the Caribbean,: and

capable of supporting the subversive ebb and flow,

number well into the thousands.

Even in the face of these unfavorable factors, a

program of direct restraints, selected from among

the actions enumerated herein, can have favorable

effects. Under the proposed steps some travel would

be stopped completely. More - probably much more -

would be rendered difficult.

Some hitherto legal

movement would be driven underground. Previous

clandestine movement would be impeded, complicated

and harassed tö the

point where it becomes

costly, more uncertain, more hazardous and thus,

hopefully, less extensive.

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

We do not know enough about the movement of

subversive trainees, into Cuba and - more important -

out of cuba.

We do not know enough about the volume

of travel, or the media employed.

This is par-

ticularly true in the area of illicit traffic, where

our knowledge is extremely limited.

Regarding legal travel to Cuba, CIA presents the

following estimate:

SECRET

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Legal Travel Into Cuba

Country

No, of Legal Travellers

Country

No. of Legal Travellers

1962

Mexico

Jan-Feb

1963

969

Guatemala

4912*

80'

Argentina

Unk

Uruguay

El Salvador 100

Paraguay

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

50

216

Unk

Brazil

10

Honduras

Venezuela

200

Unk

Colombia

400

Unk

British

Guiana

Panama

Ecuador

208

Unk

Trinidad

Peru

181

Unk

Jamaica

Bolivia

500

Unk

Chile

551

85

Dominican

Republic

Haiti

* In transit, including about 300 Mexicans

1962

Jan-Feb

1963

500

115

60

Unk

Unk

Unk

400

Unk

92

21

40

Unk

56

Unk

Unk

593

Unk

None

Unk

Unk

Unk

While some of these travellers proceeded to Cuba by

other routes, the great majority passed through Mexico.

On the most conservative basis,

that there cannot have been fewer than 4,912 travellers

-have man

then, it will be seen

to Cuba during 1962, while the average monthly number

passing through Mexico for the first two months of

1963 is even higher than the 1962 monthly

average.

Intelligence Agency estimates

SECRET

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SECRET

of these are still in Cuba. Others have returned to

their homelands; some by legal means; some probably

by illicit means.

There is no reason to presume,

moreover, that the travel to cuba of the remaining

3,000-3,500 was entirely consistent with the best

interests of the hemisphere.

Prior to the October crisis, Latin Americans

travelling to Cuba usually moved by regular commercial

airlines or, on occasion, oy specially chartered

Cubana flights.

Some travelled to Trinidad or

Curacao and thence by regularly scheduled Cubana or

KIM flights to Havana.

Others travelled to Mexico,

and from there by Mexicana or Cubana commercial

flights to Havana.

With the cessation of service

to Cuba by Pan American, KIM, Mexicana, and Iberia

airlines in October, the regular Cubana

between Mexico City

and Havana remained the sole

direct and regular airline connection between Cuba

and the remainder of Latin America.

The Oubana service between Havana and Mexico is

scheduled to operate twice weekly, but sometimes only

a single flight is completed per week.

Aircraft now

employed are British Britannias - an obsolescent model.

Cubana has requested, but has not yet received,

Mexican approval to substitute Soviet IL-18. transports

for the old Britannias.

Delay by the Mexicans in

granting this approval

can have the favorable effect

of impeding travel, as the Britannias are now in

poor condition. If, in addition, the British and

Canadians can be induced to suspend delivery of

spare

parts, the planes will soon become inoperative.

Iberia airlines resumed its regular twice-monthly

flights from Madrid to Havana on 11 February.

This

flight makes one stop, in the Azores, before reaching

Havana.

KIM has not yet resumed its regular flights to Cuba

from the Netherlands Antilles.

However, it is now con-

sidering doing 5o.

In this regard it is concluded

that

resumption of scheduled flights by a United States

carrier could serve

as

an encouragement to KIM and

others to do the same.

SECRET

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SECRET

Soviet and Czech airlines

serving Cuba do not stop

regularly at any other Latin

American country, though

the Soviet Aeroflot line has occasionally sought and

received permission from Brazil to land at Recife,

enroute to cuba.

Some Latin Americans may have

should Brazil permit this arrangement to become

achieve a new order of magnitude.

A Canadian non-scheduled line has operated a few

flights from Canada to Havana and return, carrying

both material and personnel.

The Canadians have been

unresponsive to our efforts to obtain identification

of the passengers.

There are no regularly scheduled

sea carriers

operating between Latin America and Cuba.

However,

a number of trainees from British Guiana have

travelled to Cuba aboard unscheduled Cuban merchant

vessels engaged in transporting rice from Guiana to

Clandestine sources report that transit of Latin

Americans through Mexico to duba often involves illicit

procedures.

The Cuban embassy in Mexico City provides

the travellers, whom they identify as tourists, with

special Cuban entry papers; no entry is made in their

passports, and they

are given pseudonyms for travel

out of and into Mexico.

This procedure is obviously

designed to impede any effort by the other Latin

American governments subsequently to identify the

travellers and to exercise surveillance over their

activities upon their return.

Evidence at hand portrays a substantial flow of

travel by legal means.

This must be countered

directly. Beyond this; and perhaps of greater

importance, is the problem of Illicit movement both

into and out of cuba, which will undoubtealy assume

growing proportions as legal travel is curtailed,

and about which our intelligence is at present most

limited.

Elimination of this intelligence void must

be accorded high priority.

SECRET

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SECRET

III. The Attitudes of the Latin American Nations

success of many of the overt actions proposed in

the sections to follow will turn upon the attitudes

of the Latin American nations within whose borders

the restraining actions must take place.

Presented

briefly below is an estimate of what can be expected

from the various sectors of Latin America in terms

of participation in a coordinated program of travel

control.

As a general matter, the imposition of controls

on travel is not popular with the public in any Latin

American country.

This, coupled with their current

lack of full awareness of the danger represented by

Cuba's training of subversives, will diminish the

willingness of some governments

to impose controls

unilaterally.

This is especially true since they

recognize that unilateral restraints will have little

effect on curbing the travel of their nationals to.

Cuba, if supporting multilateral action is not also

taken. It is likely, however, that most of the

Latin American countries would respond favorably

albeit in varying degrees - to US leadership in

seeking to reduce

flow of persons to Cuba for

ideological or subversive training.

The Central American countries are more acutely

aware of

the danger posed by cuban-inspired sub-

version than is Latin America at large, ana car

expected

to react favorably to proposals for re-

ducing travel to Cuba which President Kennedy might

present at the San Jose Presidential meeting.

However, their ability to carry out commitments which

they may make will be limited by domestic legal

political considerations, as well as by their

countries' technical incompetence in

such matters.

Since Mexico is currently the principal

hemisphere transit point for legal travel of sub-

versives

to and from Cuba, its attitude is of great

importance.

Mexico, to date,

has taken several

significant steps with respect to travel between

Mexican cities and Cuba.

It has institutea close

SECRET

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SECRET

surveillance over travellers, to include stamping

passports to evidence travel

to Cuba.

In addition,

the Mexicans now photograph, covertly, ali persons

arriving from or departing for Cuba, and have given

tacit approval to suspension of Cuban service by

Compania Mexicana de Aviacion (CMA).

These actions

all suggest that Mexico might be induced to take even

further cooperative steps, particularly on an un-

publicized, bi-lateral basis, wherein the political

hazards of

taking a public OAS position are not

involved.

In this regard, the Central American

Presidents would probably agree individually to seek

the participation of President Lopez Mateos of Mexico

in specific cooperative moves to restrict the flow

of persons to cuba through that country.

Peru now has regulations which actually prohibit

travel to Cuba, but the regulations have engendered

public resistance, and are not enforced.

Dominican Republic prohibits such travel. Haiti

has no established policy, but passports and exit

permits are reportedly issued only on the personal

approval of President Duvalier.

Colombia could

legally impose restrictions by

executive decree,

but has shown no inclination to do so.

countries, such as Venezuela, Chile, and the Central

American

nations, plead the existence of legal or

constitutional barriers which preclude the pro-

hibition of travel to Cuba, but thus far, they

have made little effort to remove these barriers.

Five Latin

American countries (Brazil, Chile,

uruguay, Mexico, and Bolivia) now maintain diplomatic

relations with Cuba.

continues its drift to

the left and gives little evidence of modifying its

tolerant attitude toward the castro government.

Chile, with a legal Communist Party, exercises no

restraints on travel to Cuba,

either direct or

via third country.

The elimination of all legitimate passenger

service to Cuba from Latin America

could be

SECRET

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SECRET

achieved through invocation of the Rio Treaty, but it

Is unlikely that the hemisphere countries would agree

to do so in the absence of

some ma ior crisis similar

to that involving the Soviet missiles or a case of

direct Cuban intervention in another Latin American

country.

Nevertheless, a campaign on our part to

develop

a full awareness of the danger represented

by the

flow of Castro-trained subversives would

probably create a growing willingness to take action.

oriented in this direction.

In this connection,

however, it is concluded that resumption of regular

passenger service to Cuba. by United States companies

would render more difficult our efforts to persuade

Latin American and other free world countries to

take a grave view of the situation, and to partici-

pate

in dynamic action.

Virtually, all the Latin American countries would

be willing to move against Cuban-trained

subversives

upon their return to home countries, once they put

their new training to use.

The efforts of these

nations will not be dramatically effective, however,

since, in the area of internal security, all of them

suffer from deficiencies in technical skill, training,

equipment and sometimes from a lack of a sense of

The United States can provide essential

leadership in eliminating all of these deficiencies..

IV. Actions Concerning Legitimate Travel

Listed below are specific actions contemplated to

impede legitimately executed travel, to and from Cuba.

Legitimate travel is characterized,

for this purpose,

as travel on recognized public carriers, openly

arranged and, involving travel documents which are

presumed to be in proper

actions, it will be noted, are partially in effect.

Others have been proposed

part - by its Special Consultative Committee on

security.

SECRET

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1. Immediate Impact Actions

The following actions offer promise of producing

early, visible and effective results.

a. Administrative Actions

(1) Both through the OAS and bilaterally, induce

each Western Hemisphere country to:

(a) Stamp passports or other travel

documents issued to

for travel to Cuba: "wn nationals "not valid

(b) Refuse exit permits for Cuba to any

national of a third country who cannot produce

a valid permit issued by his own country for

travel to Cuba.

(c) Refuse to honor any visa for Cuba which

is not an integral, non-detachable part of the

travel document issued by the country of which

the traveller is a citizen.

(d) Require accurate manifests of all carriers

departing for or arriving from Cuba,

and furnish

copies of

these manifests to diplomatic missions

of other Western Hemisphere countries which are

affected.

(2) Persuade Mexico to fingerprint, in addition

to photographing, all persons leaving

for or

arriving from Cuba, and to provide data to the par-

ent country of the nationals involved.

(3) Make covert arrangements with police and

other security and administrative officials in

countries now being used for legal transit to Cuba

to impose administrative impediments and harassment

on suspicious Cuba-bound travellers, in order to

increase the difficulty of travel and thus dis

courage prospective travellers.

b. Intelligence Actions

(1) Intensify U.S. intelligence efforts

in

each country to identify persons who have travelled,

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or intend to travel, to Cuba, and report selected

information promptly to the

host government, as

consistent with our own intelligence pro-

gram, and the requirement to protect our sources.

(2) Intensify current efforts to introduce

covert, U.S. - controlled agents from each country

into the Cuban training program.

c. Actions Related to Common Carriers

(1) Prohibit resumption of air service to

Cuba by U.S. carriers, in order to provide a

favorable example to other nations..

(2) Expand current restrictions on foreign

shipping engaging in commerce with Cuba by

closing United States ports to all ships of

any shipping line

which continues to send any

ships to Cuban ports.

(3). Both through the OAS and bilaterally, request

Latin American countries to prohibit ships arriving

from or departing for Cuba from embarking or disem-.

barking passengers in their ports.

(4) Both through the OAS

and bilaterally,

request Latin American countries to deny their

ports

to ships of Cuban registry.

a. Propaganda Actions

Pursue a hemisphere-wide publicity campaign

to expose the scope and purpose of cuban training

of the nationals of other countries for sub-

versive purposes, in order to discourage pro

spective trainees

and impress the governments

and the peoples concerned with

• the urgent

need to halt the travel of Latin American

nationals to Cuba.

2. Longer Range Actions

The following actions should also be undertaken

without delay.

Their ultimate results may be of far

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reaching Importance, but probably will be longer in

realization.

a. Political Actions

(1) Renew and intensify bilateral negotiations

with the five Latin American governments which

nave not done so to sever

diplomatic relations with

Cuba.

(2) Through bilateral negotiations press countries

with inadequate legal restrictions on travel to

Cuba to adopt laws enabling the prohibition of such

travel and providing

severe penalties for evasion.

Recommend that rewards be offered for identification

of evaders,

(3) In separate diplomatic approaches to each

country, reiterate the need for full and effective

cooperation with appropriate OAS bodies, and bi-

laterally among the several states, in the inter-

change of information concerning travel of persons

to Cuba and other Castro-Communist subversive

activities.

(4) Propose periodic regional or sub-regional

meetings of ministers of Government of the

American Republics to review the implementation

of steps taken by them to combat movement of

subversives in the Caribbean.

(5) Urge other Latin American nations to

negotiate separately and/or collectively with Mexico

Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile in order to en-

list cooperation in adopting specific measures to

prevent the movement through their countries of

third country personnel to and from cuba.

b. Intelligence Actions

Intensify our action in making available to each

country selected intelligence concerning the extent,

nature, and insidious implications,

of Cuban sub-

versive activities, as consistent with the require-

ment to protect our own intelligence program.

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c. Administrative Actions

(1) Encourage Latin American governments to insti-

tute administrative procedures, such as exhaustive

air-worthiness checks of

aircraft, baggage inspection and inspection of health

and other documents, all designed deliberately to

delay and otherwise

make difficult the carrying of

passengers to Cuba.

(2) Request governments of Latin American countries

which persist in maintaining diplomatic relations

with Cuba to expose the falsification of travel docu-

ments by Cuban embassies or consulates, and take

punitive measures, such as the expulsion of Cuban

to a halt.

quested.

(3) Intensify technical assistance to Latin

Amèrican countries in improving immigration and

customs controls.

d. Actions Related to Common Carriers

(1) Persuade Mexico to halt Cubana Airlines

service.

Il unable to do so, seek to persuade

Mexico

to refuse the introduction of Soviet-made air-

craft in the Havana-Mexico City route on technical

grounds.

This will create an obstacle to Cubana,

since the Britannia aircraft now used are falling

into disrepair.

(2) Request again of Great Britain, Canada,

and

any other potential supplier that they cut off the

supply of spare parts for Cuba's Britannia aircraft.

(3) Conduct negotiations.

with the Netherlands,

Mexico, Canada and Spain to persuade those countries

to stop, or

refrain

reestablishing,

air flights to Cuba.

Enlist the cooperation of

other Western Hemisphere countries normally pro-

viding terminal service for any of the airlines in-

volved, such as Venezuela and Trinidad, in applying

pressure.

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e. Propaganda Actions

(1) Intensify USIA and CIA input of propaganda

in Latin American public information media discredit-

ing the Cuban training effort, exposing the hazard

which it holds. for Latin American tranquility, and

discrediting persons who have undergone subversive

training, in order to discourage possible volunteers

and develop popular opposition to such activities.

(2) Identify returned trainees who are dis-

satisfied with their Cuban training experience and

exploit their capabilities for provision of intelli-

gence and

propaganda material for exposing and

discrediting Castro-Communist subversive activities.

(3) Initiate a publicity campaign throughout

Latin America, not attributable to the United States,

which focuses unfavorably on the use of Mexican,

Uruguayan, Brazilian, and Chilean transit facilities

for movement of persons of other countries

to and

from Cuba for subversive purposes.

3. Organization of American States (OAS) Actions

In view of the important political, psychological,

and, hopefully, material benefits to be derived from

success achieved through the OAS in combatting

Cuban subversive activity,

the following measures

should be undertaken by the United States in that body,

at times and under circumstances which give regard to

the need to preserve hemispheric solidarity, and give

recognition to the

fact that progress will probably

be slow fi

a. Pursue adoption by the OAS of a resolution

calling upon all member states to sever diplomatic

relations with Cuba, thus impeding the travel of

subversives

to Cuba

by legal

means, and at the same

time, creating serious obstacles to other related

Cuban subversive activities.

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b. Propose recommendations by the OAS to member.

governments of a program of steps, on both the

national and international levels, to control.

travel by their nationals to Cuba, utilizing the

proposals in the report by the Special Consultative

Committee on Security (SCCS) as well as the specifie

recommendations set

i bet rote herein!

c. Once the initial comprehensive program in

Do above is undertaken, utilize the appropriate

OAs bodies to follow up on implementation through

such means

as multilateral exchange of information,

meeting. of

experts, and utilization by individual

countries of the services of

the Special Consulta-

tive Committee on Security.

do Propose adoption by the lAs of a resolution,

binding upon all member states, to terminate.

regular air and maritime carrier traffic with

V. Actions Concerning Illegal Travel

As the actions outlined in the preceding sections

become effective,

one of the results will be to force

the hitherto legal travel into clandestine channels.

It may, therefore, be expected that measures to

impede illegal movement will acquire steadily in-

creasing importance.

The steps proposed herein are listed, as in the

preceding section, in terms of immediate impact-pro-

jects which promise early and visible results, ana

longer range projects which, while of great importance,

cannot be expected to mature as rapidly.

1. Immediate Impact Actions

a. Intelligence Actions

(1) Increase greatly our penetration and

other intelligence efforts

to identify persons

engaging in illegal travel

to Cuba, and

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determine routes and methods employed. Report

selected information, consistent with the

requirement for protecting our own intelligence

program, to host government.

(2) Utilize US intelligence capabilities to

determine the nature and extent of clandestine

aircraft and small boat traffic between Cuba and

other countries in the Caribbean area, with

special attention to Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica,

Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Use evidence

obtained to persuade governments concerned to

institute surveillance and other control measures.

b. Surveillance and Reporting Actions

(1) Continue current US sea and air sur-

veillance of the Caribbean area contiguous to

Cuba.

(2) Continue the development, at high.

priority, of US communications in Latin America,

in order

to improve alerting, reporting and

control capabilities.

(3) Establish intelligence centers at

Caribbean Command

and Caribbean Sea Frontier

Headquarters for rapid processing and dissemi-

nation to countries concerned via the American

Ambassadors, of intelligence on the movement

of subversives.

2. Longer Range Actions

a. Surveillance Actions

(1) Establish a coordinated Caribbean sur-

veillance system involving:

(a) Continued close-in surveillance of

Cuba

by US forces.

(b) A US military alerting system, by

which intelligence of subversive movement will

be rapidly transmitted to the American

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Ambassadors to countries concerned through

intelligence centers at Caribbean Command

and daribbean Sea Frontier

Headquarters of

the Atlantic Command.

(c) A unilateral surveillance and inter-

ception effort by each country in its own

territorial waters.

(a) US assistance in final interception

in territorial waters, upon request by the

country concerned.

b. US Military Assistance Actions

(1) Establish Military Assistance objectives

and planning guidance to provide selected

countries, especially in the Caribbean and

Central. American area, with the necessary small

patrol craft, training

and logistical support,

Incuaing fuel for operations li required, to

enable these countries to establish an effective

patrol of their own coasts.

Provide necessary

funds in addition to present programs.

(2) Provide US Navy, Air Force and Coast

Guard

'training assistance, as required, to

develop or improve coastal patrol capabilities

of Latin American military forces.: This may

take the form of a Canal Zone training activity,

employment of mobile training teams, or a com-

bination of both.

(3) Urge the accelerated improvement of

internal security forces and police forces in

Latin American countries and the intensification

of patrol and intelligence activities aimed at

preventing clandestine departures and apprehending

returned trainees.

Provide equipment, training

and

advice as required.

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CUBA

CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS

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CUBA

DIRECT CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF FUNDS TO AND

WITHIN LATIN AMERICA

I .

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to recommend measures

which will impose

direct controls upon the flow

of funds

from Cuba to and within other Latin American countries.

We possess evidence that cuba is providing linancia

support to subversive campaigns in other Latin American

countries, but the full dimensions of the problem, in

terms of

But ere ver dimenste

amounts involved and methods used, are not

known. We need more information.

The difficulty with

which this information is procured underscores the prob-

lems of counter-measures, since funds can be transferred

internationally or acquired locally in many ways, all

difficult to detect and harder to prevent. While we

and increase the difficulty of Castro's subversive

financial operations in others, we cannot hope to suc-

ceed in stopping them altogether, and even if this were

feasible, the

possibility of financial support of

subversion by the USSR and other Bloc nations would remain.

Nevertheless, it should not be concluded that

the impediments recommended herein are of insufficient

importance to

warrant their imposition. Impediments

to the movement of funds can be imposed at relatively

little cost to the United States, and they will have

some effect in interfering with Castro's pursuit, through

subversion, of his basic objective of gaining communist

allies in Latin America.

significant when added to others that we hope to achieve

through our over-all anti-subversion program.

In examining this problem, it quickly became

evident that the most

effective

countermeasures are to

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be found in the area of reducing the capability of

Cuba to acquire reserves of free world convertible

currencies, such as U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars,

Pounds Sterling, Swiss francs, etc. Cuban pesos are

usable only in Cuba. They are not convertible to any

other currency and are therefore of little if any value

elsewhere in the world. Cuba's reserves of foreign

exchange, moreover, have been steadily diminishing

and are now estimated to stand at not more than $25

million to $50 million.

our efforts to weaken the Cuban economy, these foreign

exchange reserves can be reduced further. However, it

must not: be overlooked that the Soviet Union can provide

foreign exchange 'for Cuban use.

While of transcendent importance, this question

of diminishing Cuba's foreign exchange through economic

measures is properly related to the larger objective of

weakening the economic position of Castro-Communist

Cuba,

and thus advancing further toward the goal of

causing

the downfall of the Communist government..

rogress is realized in this broad endeavor, there wil

se a reduction in Castro's ability to finance subver-

sive operations in the Hemisphere.

The matter of intensifying our economic warfare

against Cuba is regarded, however, as beyond the

purview of this committee.

Therefore, the program of

actions recommended in this paper has

been directed

to the transfer of funds.

This includes physical

transfers,

transfers through bank transactions and

by subterfuge in connection with trade.

II.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

1. The Castro regime may transfer convertible

currency to subversives

in other Latin American

countries by four general

methods:

a. Introduction by hand, by legal or illegal

travellers.

b. Transfers through international banking

institutions.

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•c. Introduction by Cuban or Bloc diplomatic

personnel, including couriers.

d. The practice of subterfuge in connection with

international business transactions.

These methods are discussed in following paragraphs,

along

with steps which might be undertaken to diminish the

effectiveness of

each.

2. Introduction of funds, by Hand, by Individual

Travellers

This is the least convenient and least dependable

method in terms of the hazard of theft, loss, misappropria-

tion, confiscation or extortion. Nevertheless, we have

evidence that this

technique is employed. Funds can be

introduced by legal travellers, where there are no effec-

tive controls, or they can be introduced by smuggling.

With respect to smuggled funds, it is noted that the

measures previously approved for control of illegal

travel will likewise be effective in impeding the 1llegal

movement of funds by such persons.

In like manner, the

measures previously approved for control of legal travel

will affect the movement of funds by persons in that

category.

Additional restrictions on the introduction of

funds by legal travellers might be adopted by latin.

American countries, in the form of limitations on amounts

or administrative requirements for declaration of sums

in hand.

However, recommendation on our part to.

institute such controls would be contrary to our estab-

‚lished policy of encouraging the Latin American nations

to maintain free exchange systems.

These countries

need foreign exchange, and would consequently be hesi-

tant to adopt any actions which would limit their means

o1 acquiring it.

Additionally, the adoption of controls

on the importation of foreign exchange by Latin American

nations

would impose

an undesirable burden on legiti-

mate business and other travel from the United States,

as well as from other friendly nations.

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Thus, in the category of movement of funds by

travellers, it is concluded that little more should be

done at this time than is currently in motion.

3. Transfers through Banking Institutions

In addition to physical transfers of currency,

Cuba can transfer funds to subversives in Latin America

through banking institutions, either by cable or by mail.

Cuba's reserves of foreign exchange are held principally,

in the State Bank of Russia,

the Moscow Narodny Bank in

condon, the Banque Comerciale pour 1/Europe du Nord

'a Communist owned institution in Paris, the Bank Intra

of Switzerland, the Bank of Montreal and the Royal Bank

of Canada.

Funds from these deposits are transmitted

on order of the National Bank of Cuba, which controls

all of the accounts.

U.S. dollars are the principal currency used in

Latin America.

The transfer of dollars from these

overseas accounts to subversives in Latin American

countries can be impeded, in a significant degree, through

the institution by the United States of blocking controls

against Cuba, under section 5(b) of the Irading with the

Enemy Act.

This blocking action would prohibit all

transactions with Cuba by persons or institutions sub-

ject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and

would effectively interrupt Cuban movement of U.S.

to Latin America through any U.S, bank.

Movement by Cuba of dollars through banks of

third countries would also be greatly diminished by this

action.

U.S. banks in behalf of a blocked country is subject

to having its own U.S. accounts blocked.

Because of the

importance of U.S. banks in international trade, foreign

banks cannot afford such a restriction.

This policy

has been effective in the past, having deterred foreign

even those of communist countries, from engaging

in dollar transactions on behalf of Communist China,

which have been blocked by the U.S. for over

twelve

years.

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With U.s. dollar channels blocked, other, less

desirable, avenues would remain open to Cuba for bank

transfer of convertible currencies such as Sterling,

Swiss francs, Canadian dollars, etc. If the British

and Canadians could be persuaded to prohibit remit-

tances in their currencies in behalf of Cuba, the

latter's capability to move funds through banking

channels would be further curtailed, and transfers in

other carrencies, such as Swiss francs, would be

relatively easy to detect and monitor.

While it is

unlikely that British and Canadian cooperation would be

forthcoming in this degree, these countries could still

make a valuable contribution to the campaign against

Castro-Communist subversion by providing intelligence

concerning major transactions in their currencies by

Cuba.

4. Iransfers by Diplomatic Personnel

.: We know that convertible currencies have been

carried to Latin American countries illegally by

diplomatic representatives and couriers of both Cuba

and the Bloc countries, under the protection of their

diplomatic immunity. This form of transfer can be

diminished through the rupture of diplomatic relations

with Cuba by those countries in Latin America which

have not already taken such action.

However, the

• diplomatic facilities of other Bloc countries would

probably remain available to Cuba in some Latin American

nations.

5. Transfers Through Trade Subterfuge

An effective method of disguising transfers of

funds for subversive purposes is to give such transfers

the appearance of legitimate payments for items received

In one technique,

goods may be sent to a

Cuban addressee by a subversive in the export-import

business in a Latin American country bearing an erroneous

invoice.

A shipment having an actual value of $10,000

can be invoiced and paid for at $12,00%, thus achieving

a direct transfer of $2,000 from Cuba to the Latin

American country whence

the shipment originated. Such

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transfers of funds could be eliminated only by the

interruption of all trade between Cuba and other Latin

American countries. And even if this were achieved,

the same technique could be used, although at greater

cost and

with much more difficulty, to transfer Cuban

funds to Latin America via France,

for example, through

a third party French Communist import-export firm.

Another commercial technique for transferring

funds from Cuba directly to Latin America, through trade,

Is by means of uncompensated exports.

an example, a

Cuban source might send $5:000 worth of Cuban publica-

tions to a leftist bookstore in Chile. The bookstore

would not pay Cuba for the publication, but instead

would use the proceeds of the sale for subversive pur-

This method also could be fully controlled

only by an interruption of trade with Cuba.

6. Relative Importance of Transfer Methods

All of the above mechanisms are usable, and pro-

bably all are employed now.

However, since large sums

can now be transferred readily through banking institutions:

with small risk of loss or exposure,

this method is

considered to be the most significant and is deserving

of the greatest attention in an action program.

in importance probably is the transfer of currencies

by diplomatic personnel - a procedure involving small

risk of loss or exposure.

Transfers by legal or

illegal travellers are considered to be less important

in view of the risks involved, the physical limitations

on amounts which can be carried by individuals and the

availability of other means.

presently appear to be of least significance, since

such arrangements involve more difficulties than any

of the other available methods.

III. Actions Recommended

1. The actions proposed herein, when added to those

alneady proposed for controlling the movement of

sub-

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versive

persons, propaganda and arms, will serve to

inhibit directly

Cuba's effectiveness in financing sub-

version in Latin America.

It must be acknowledged how-

ever, that cuba's. efforts to provide convertible currency

to subversives in other Latin American countries cannot

be rendered wholly ineffective by these measures alone.

Complementary steps designed to reduce the ability of

Cuba to acquire foreign exchange will also be raquired

to constitute a full attack on the problem.

2. The following actions are recommended as

promising to have some significant effect:

a. Establish regulations blocking

(1) the unlicensed transfer of U.S. dollars

to Cuba;

(2) the unlicensed transfer of U.S. dollars

directly or indirectly from Cuban accounts to

free world countries; and

(3) a11 other unlicensed transactions

with Cuba or Cuban nationals, or transactions

involving property in which there is a Cuban

interest.

These actions should be taken only following the

development of detailed implementing instructions

by the State and Treasury Departments and their

final evaluation in light of other considerations

which bear on the matter.

b. Seek opportunities to pursuade Latin American

nations which have not done so to sever diplomatic

relations with Cuba.

c. Increase intelligence

efforts

to gain

information concerning:

in

(1) the size and location of Cuban accounts

free world banking

institutions;

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(2) transfers of funds from these accounts

to recipients in Latin America, and

(3) Cuban movement of currencies to other

Latin American countries by legal and illegal

travellers, including diplomatic personnel.

d. Where locally feasible, encourage Latin

American nations to impound funds

of. know Castro-

Communist organizations.

e. Encourage Latin American countries to enlist

the cooperation of their financial institutions

in detecting suspicious accounts and in exposing

transfers of funds for subversive purposes.

f. Seek, using appropriate means,

to induce

Canada,

Great Britain, and other NATO countries

to provide information on the direct or indirect

transfer of significant amounts of their currencies

by Cuba or Cuban nationals to other Latin American

countries.

8. As applicable, persuade Latin American

countries to sever all direct or indirect trade

relations with Cuba, except those involving sale

to Cuba of foodstuffs and medicines.

•h. Encourage Latin American countries to

establish surveillance of known or suspected

Communist controlled businesses to inhibit trans-

fers of funds to

subversives through such estab-

lishments.

1. Encourage Latin American countries to ex-

pose and publicize illegal transfers of funds

for

subversive purposes.

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CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.

Introduction

II.

III.

IV.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

Direct Actions to Impede Legal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

1. Political Actions

2. Intelligence Actions

3. Covert Actions

Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

1. Intelligence Actions

2. Surveillance and Reporting Actions

3. Political Actions

4 Technical Assistance Actions

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6

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CUBA

MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

I. Introduction

The actions proposed herein are designed to impede

the movement of communist propaganda materials Irom cuba

to and within Latin American countries.

They complement

the basic actions relating to control of movement of sub

versive trainees to and from Cuba, which actions are gen-

erally applicable in the solution of this problem as well.

As in the companion measures for control of the movement

of subversive trainees, successful execution of the actions

proposed below will reduce the flow of propaganda materials

but will not eliminate it entirely.

Communist Cuba

has many legitimate outlets through

which propaganda materials flow.

As these legitimate

are blocked by the initial steps herein proposed,

it will be necessary

for the Cuban propagandists and their

sympathizers elsewhere to turn from the mass exportation

of materials to the production and dissemination of the

same materials in a clandestine environment within the

several Latin American countries.. Of the two threats, the

illicit production of propaganda materials in each country

will be by far the more difficult to abate.

In combatting these threats, one of the most power-

ful factors is the influence of our own information and

counter-propaganda efforts, which USIA and CIA have in-

creased greatly during the past two years.

This paper,

however, is concerned wholly with direct actions; actions

designed to impede the movement of propaganda materials

to and within Latin America.

IT. Nature and Scope of the Problem

While the Castro image has faded somewhat in Latin

America, and the attraction o1 cuba as

aimodel has dimin-

ished, the susceptibility of the Latin American people to

communist propaganda remains high.

The basic social and

economic factors which have made

this true in the past

nave not greatly altered,

and the variety and quantity of

propaganda materials with which the Latin Americans are

now beset are impressive, as exemplified in the many

millions of dollars which the communists are estimated to

be investing in the project annually.

It is a large pro-

gram and it presents a continuing threat to the tran-

quility of Latin America.

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Our efforts

to combat the problem, moreover, are

complicated by the fact that Ireedom of thought, express-

Ion and press

are generally highly regarded in Latir

America,

albeit not universally honored, and

any proposals

to reduce the flow of Castro-Communist subversive materials

must be influenced by this fact.

Otherwise the United

States may find itself indicted for fostering police-

state methods, a charge which could alienate many of the

Latin Americans we seek to influence.

For the purpose of this paper, propaganda materials -

include radio program scripts, tapes and recordings, printed

materials, (posters, pamphlets,

magazines, leaflets, books,

newspapers, news service output), motion pictures, dupli-

cating or reproducing equipment, electronic communications

equipment, and printing resources, particularly paper stock-

piles.

However, to be complete, "movement of propaganda

materials"

must extend also to publications which are hand-

carried into a country by legal or illegal travellers for

subsequent reproduction.

It must also include materials

transmitted through Cuban and Soviet Bloc diplomatic

channels, shipments via postal channels, quantities intro-

duced through smuggling operations, oral transmission of

propaganda guidance by

individual travellers or by Radio

Havana, and the dissemination of communist oriented news

oy Prensa Latina, the official Cuban news agency, for re-

production by local outlets.

Finally to be considered are

thematic guidance, which can be reproduced and exploited

locally by returning trainees, front groups and sympathetic

publications and, in some countries such as Mexico, Argen-

tina and Uruguay, the products of those commercial

lishments which regularly print or broadcast pro-Castro-

Communist materials as a matter of policy or ideological.

conviction.

Press and Publications

There are 326 Communist and pro-Communist newspapers

and periodicals in Latin America, and infiltration of the

democratic press, coupled with the non-critical attitudes

of some newspapermen, increases greatly the diffusion of

the Cuban propaganda

There are 228 Communist-oriented

publishing houses and bookstores in Latin America, serving

as outlets not only for 30 different Cuban periodicals, but

for à large variety of other Communist printed material.

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Every Latin American country except the Dominican

Republic, Paraguay, Nicaragua, and Venezuela permits

these bookshops

to operate.

Many of them offer publi-

cations at very low prices or give away several books

with the purchase of one, and easy credit terms are

available.

Excluding TASS and the New China News Agency (NCNA) ,

Prensa Latina is the principal Communist news agency in

Latin America.

It operates openly, although not entirely

without restriction, in ten countries -- Bolivia, Brazil,

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico,

Panama

and Uruguay.

While most users of Prensa Latina

releases are covert or overt Communists, some non-Communist

media make unattributed use of Prensa Latina releases:

This is especially true of radio broadcasts.

All of this publication activity is essentially.

overt.

However, decrees banning Communist propaganda

have not prevented the clandestine publications and distri-

bution of periodicals and books in some countries,.., ano

propaganda materials continue to seek entry through the

mails.

In Panama, for example, postal and customs authori-

ties destroy an average of 12 tons of Cuban propaganda per

month.

Another ten tons per month is seized and destroyed

in Costa Rica.

This suggests the further quantities, per-

haps larger, may be finding their way into these and

other

countries.

Radio

Short wave radio is the principal direct mass audience

medium used by Cuba to carry subversive propaganda to Latin

•America. The Castro regime has constantly increased Radio

Havana's short wave broadcasts to Latin America to a current

level of 115:30 hours per week.

Cultural Activities

Penetration under the guise of cultural activities is

a favored Communist propaganda technique in Latin America,

there are now

some 64 Cuban binational centers

Friendship Societies.

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F1lms

Feature films and short documentaries produced by the

Cuban Institute of Motion Picture Art and Industry play a

direct propaganda role.

These films are shown primarily in

binational centers, pro-Communist labor and student groups,

and in private or

clandestine meetings.

It will be seen from this brief review that Latin

America is the target of a broad-scale propaganda program,

comprising not only propaganda materials but including

also the ideas, the knowledge and the resources which are

necessary to make those materials effective.

I11.

Direct Actions to Impede the Legal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

Presented below is a summary of actions contemplated

to impede the legal movement of propaganda materials from

Cuba to and within Latin American countries.

For the pur-

pose of this

paper, legal movement is defined as movement

by recognized private and governmental carriers and communi-

cations, as well as postal systems ana diplomatic pouching.

These actions offer promise of achieving early and

effective results In some Latin American countries, but

they do not have universal application, and those which may

be feasible in one country may not be necessary or feasible.

in another.

1. Political Actions

a. Induce news media to diminish the utilization of

Prensa Latina.

b. Persuade those governments which receive Cuban

and Bloc diplomatic missions to maintain close

surveillance over the propaganda activities of the

Communist

embassies with a view toward prohibiting

abuses of diplomatic privilege for subversive

purposes.

c. As applicable and feasible, induce Latin

American

• countries to:

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(1) Adopt adequate internal security legislation

to provide severe penalties for any person engaging

in dissemination of Cuban-Communist propaganda

which inspires terrorism or proposes

the overthrow

of the legal government by force and violence.

(2) Preclude attendance of Cuban delegates at

international meetings held in Latin America.

(Delegates are propaganda disseminators.)

2. Intelligence Actions

a. Continue U.S, intelligence efforts in each

country to identify individuals, organizations and

facilities involved in propaganda importation,

reproduction and/or dissemination; make available to

each country selected intelligence concerning these

Individuals, organizations and their activities.

b. Encourage each country in which the Communist

Party 1s illegal to offer rewards for information

leading to interception.of Castro-Communist propa-

ganda and, in countries where the Communist party is

legal, for

conviction of persons supplying or

disseminating propaganda materials considered dan-

gerous to the country's tranquility.

c. In

separate diplomatic approaches to each

country, urge full and effective cooperation, with

the appropriate organs of the OAS and bilaterally

among the several nations, in the interchange of

information concerning movement of propaganda

materials.

d. Persuade Latin American countries to report

promptly to the diplomatic mission of the country

concerned, the identity of any national of that

country who arrives from Cuba and who is discovered

to have been carrying Communist propaganda materials.

3. Covert Actions

a. Disrupt the reproduction and distribution of

propaganda materials, and the procurement and delivery

of related

supplies and equipment.

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b. Seek opportunities

to induce Latin American

printing craftsmen to deface, destroy, or misprint

Castro-Communist propaganda in the process of re-

production

c. Disrupt Castro-Communist sponsored labor and

youth congresses, industrial and agricultural

exhibits in Latin American countries.

d. Maintain or increase pressures on media owners,

local advertising agencies and film producers and/or

distributors who accept Communist materials.

e• Dissuade US and local business firms from

advertising in Latin American media which carry

pro-Communist materials; provide informally to

Us firms, for information, lists of such media

to encourage their support of a

Communist press.

I. Inhibit the spread of Cuban and Bloc binational

centers and Friendship Societies in Latin America by

an active program to expose their subversive activities

ana objectives.

g. Where it can be determined that expenditure

of the funds is clearly justified, provide financial

support to selected non-Communist news media requiring

assistance in order to compete with Communist

aligned publications which have significant cir

culation or impact.

h. Induce Latin American countries to organize

surveillance over in-country sources of newsprint

and related supplies, and deny or inhibit the use

of these supplies for printing Communist materials.

IV. Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement of

Propaganda Material

Many of the actions outlined in Section III related

to the legal movement of materials will serve also to

restrict Illegal movement.

Additional measures designed

specifically to impede clandestine traffic are enumerated

below.

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1. Intelligence Actions

a. Use penetration and other intelligence techniques

to identify efforts to move propaganda materials from

Cuba to and/or within Latin American countries; deter-

mine routes and methods employed; report selected

information, consistent with requirements for protect-

ing our own intelligence program, to the governments

concerned.

b. Utilize the U.S. intelligence community to

determine the nature

and extent of clandestine air-

craft and small boat traffic

between Cuba and other

countries in the Caribbean and Central American area,

giving particular attention to Mexico, Honduras,

Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

evidence obtained to induce the governments concerned

to initiate surveillance and other control measures

aimed at interception of propaganda materials.

2. Surveillance and Reporting Action

Exploit the mechanism of the Caribbean surveillance

system,

approved by the President in the study on

movement of personnel, for discovering and impeding

the movement of propaganda materials by 11l1c1t means.

3. Political Action

Where legally feasible to do so, induce each Latin

American country to improve its police procedures

designed to expose the subversive Communist propaganda

apparatus in that country, and to detect and eliminate

corrupt officials who permit 1llicit shipment of

propaganda materials.

4. Technical Assistance Actions

a. Provide technical assistance, where requested

to enable Latin American governments to locate

clandestine transmitters.

b. Assist in the accelerated improvement of the

capabilities

of Latin American internal security

forces, especially those patrol and intelligence

activities whose function is the prevention of clan-

destine propaganda activities.

Provide equipment,

training and advice as required.

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CUBA

ARMS

CONTROLS ON THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS

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TABLE OF CONTENIS

I.

Introduction

Il.

III.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

Actions Concerning Legal Arms Movement

1. Intelligence Actions

2. Policital and Administrative Actions

IV. Actions Concerning Ilegal Arms Traffic

1. Training, Orientation and Indoctrination of

Latin American Personnel

2. Intelligence Actions

3. Political and Administrative Actions

4. Propaganda Actions

5. Military Actions

6. Covert Actions

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CUBA

DIRECT CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OF ARMS TO AND

WITHIN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

1.

Introduction

There is presented' herein an action program aimed

at controlling the movement of arms to and within Latin

American countries through inhibitions on movement of

arms, restraints on their sale, ownership and fabrication,

and controls over the movement of the critical components

which are essential to the local manufacture of weapons.

If success is to be achieved in reducing their use

for subversive purposes in Latin America, the term

"arms"

cannot be limited to firearms in the narrow sense.

In

addition,

it must include explosives, fuzes, detonators

and

demolition equipment; all the weapons of hand-to-

nand combat; grenades and mines; underwater demolition

equipment; lethal gases, chemicals and instruments

for their

projection; undercarriages and transportable

appendages for automatic weapons, mortars and other

heavy weapons; spare parts, special tools and equipment

for maintenance of

weapons; portable radar and fire

control equipment; special sabotage devices; and printed

instructional material relating to any of the items

listed above, or relating to techniques for their em-

ployment in sabotage and demolition.

Il. Nature and scope of the Proptem

Our information regarding traffic in arms between

Cuba and the remainder of Latin America is extremely

limited. The Central Intelligence Agency and the

Defense Intelligence Agency both conclude that Cuba is

probably not now sending significant quantities of

weapons to latin American insurgents.

Rather the Cubans

appear thus far to have followed common guerrilla practice

in the matter of firearms supply, instructing the sub-

versive trainees who attend indoctrination in Cuba to

obtain weapons by theft in their own countries, or to

fabricate them locally,

re Phen go canay, rat

rather than to rely upon

supplies provided from

Cuba or elsewhere.

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Nevertheless, it would be imprudent to assume that

the Castro government will not or cannot export arms to

Latin America when to do so will serve its purposes.

The very large quantities of US arms furnished to pre-

Castro Cuban governments, those weapons collected from

the Cuban people in 1961, and the sizeable Bloc arms

shipments delivered

to Cuba since that time, provide

the Castro regime with large stocks which are available

for transfer to subversives in other countries, should

a decision be made to do so.

Moreover, Cuba has a con-

siderable air fleet and a large array of small craft.

These unite with Latin America's long, unguarded coasts,

numerous isolated landing fields and inadequate local

security forces, to make the threat of illicit arms

shipment a considerable one.

On the basis of these facts it is concluded that

the immediate problems with respect to arms movement

are twofold:.. to prevent internal assembly of illegal

arms and their distribution in and between Latin American

countries, while at the same time improving our

capability tò impede the movement of arms to those

countries from Cuba.

It is to be noted that, with respect to a number

of Latin American countries,

national policy decisions

precondition to many of the actions proposed

These countries will have to find the resolution

to deal much more firmly with the

general problem of

Castro-Communist subversive activities than they have

in the past if the proposed actions are to be effective.

III. Actions Concerning Legal Arms Movement

For the purpose of this paper, legal arms move-

ment is considered to be the movement of

weapons and

other instruments of violence or the special materials

from which they are made, resulting from overt orders

placed by Latin American

and then

subsequently shipped openly.

Many of the actions, which have previously been

approved with respect to controlling the movement or

subversive personnel, will have a direct application

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to the arms control problem. Listed below, in addition,

are proposed courses of action contemplated specifically

to impede legitimate arms

traffic to, within and between

Latin American countries for subversive purposes.

1. Intelligence Actions

a. Intensify US intelligence efforts in each

Latin American country to determine the final

recipients of legal arms purchases and, consistent

with our own intelligence requirements, make this

information available to the host government.

b. Monitor covertly, suspected sources of local

weapons manufacture (machine shops, metal fabri-

cators, foundries) Report positive findings to

nost government, where appropriate.

2. Political and Administrative Actions

a. Persuade each Latin American country to

confirm the accuracy of cargo manifests of all

ships and aircraft departing for or arriving

from cuba,.

and to intensify formal inspection of

all cargo, regardless of country or origin, for

munitions

materials.

b. Provide further US technical assistance to

Latin- American countries to improve customs pro-

cedures and controls for ports, airfields and

border stations.

Through the US diplomatic mission in each

Latin American country, impress upon the appro-

priate ministries the need for ensuring the bona

Iides of all legal purchasers, dealers, brokers,

and transporters of arms, munitions and explosives,

and confirming that they are not communist relay

points.

IV.. Actions Concerning Illegal Arms Traffic

Listed below are proposed actions designed to

impede the illicit fabrication, transportation and dis-

tribution of arms, in the broad connotation of the term

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as presented in section I.

By virtue of their specific

nature, the actions do not have universal application,

and those which may be effective in one country may

not be necessary or feasible in another.

1. Training, Orientation, Indoctrination of Latin

American Personnel

Offer US assistance to Latin American nations

in initiating training programs to educate law •

customs, border police,

and other officials in the technical

arms control, to include creation of an awareness

of the characteristics of all mechanisms of

a 23 mechantama

aspects of

destruction and violence.

2. Intelligence Actions

a. Penetrate subversive elements or groups in

each

Latin American country to acquire intelligence

concerning illicit arms manufacture and movement.

Provide the affected governments with this

information, as consistent with the requirement

to protect our own intelligence program.

Assist

in disrupting such manufacture and movement by

covert means.

b. Utilize the resources of the US intelligence

community to determine the nature and extent of

clandestine aircraft and small boat traffic which

could be used for arms shipment from Cuba and

between other Latin American countries.

c. Propose bilateral arrangements providing for

the exchange of information on arms movement among

the US and Latin American countries, along the same

lines as proposed for other information relating

to subversive personnel

and propaganda movement.

d. Encourage Latin American countries to utilize

their private aircraft in Civil, Air Patrol Programs

for the purpose of extending in-country surveillance.

of coasts and borders.

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3. Political and Administrative Actions

a. Urge Latin American countries to intensify

application of those internal law enforcement

measures which are designed to impede the illicit

traffic in arms.

Provide US training and technical

assistance, as

requested.

b. Encourage Latin American countries to offer

rewards for information concerning the location of

arms caches and for positive identification of

persons engaged in illegal arms manufacture or

traffic.

c. Induce Latin American countries to expand

and intensify port, airfield and border inspection

of incoming and outgoing cargo for contraband arms.

d. Request diplomatic missions to bring to the

attention of each Latin American state the necessity

for employing strict physical security measures

and reliable accountability procedures with respect

to all arms and ammunition issued to units of the

armed forces, militia and law enforcement units.

e. Where applicable, propose bilateral agree-

ments among neighboring Latin American countries

concerning establishment of cooperative procedures

to prevent illicit arms traffic.

I. Through bilateral or OAS mechanisms, as

appropriate, encourage Latin

American countries to:

1) Re-examine and adjust, as necessary,

he licensing qualifications and procedures

for all companies

engaged in the manufacture,

transportation and sale of explosives and

firearms, to provide a ready basis for con-

trolling

their activities.

(2) Establish rigid control procedures for

the disposal of surplus and obsolescent arms

in use by armed forces and police.

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4. Propaganda Actions

a. Publicize confiscation of communist arms

caches, illegal arms movements, apprehension, con-

viction and punishment of arms

smugglers and illicit

arms manufacturers. Utilize news media, UN and OAS

forums.

b. Continue exposure, in Latin American mass

media, of Castro Cuba as

the focal point in the

international conspiracy to undermine established

Latin American governments by means of violence,

armed insurgency and terrorism.

5. Military Actions

Exploit the mechanisms of the Caribbean sur-

rellance system, approved by the President in the

scuay on movement

of

personnel, to impede illicit

traffic in arms.

This will be supported by the

revised military assistance guidance which was also

approved in the study on personnel movement.

6. Covert Actions

a. Where favorable circumstances arise, provide for

supply to known indigenous communist groups of special-

ly prepared arms which will malfunction in such a

manner as to cause injury to the user, and thus gene-

rate both doubts. and fears among the communist sub-

versives involved.

b. Apply subtle sabotage to intercepted illegal

arms shipments and permit them to proceed to desti-

nation.

c. Through agents, attempt to purchase arms from

suspected illicit sources in Latin America, in order

to expose

these sources

and to determine facts

concerning their method of delivery.

Also through

agents, attempt to sedl arms, to expose illicit

purchasers.

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SURVEILLANCE OF THE CARIBBEAN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

II.

Nature and Scope of the Problem

General Considerations

Special Considerations

a. Detection and Identification

b. Interception

c. Intelligence and Communications

d. Command Arrangements

e. Funding and Logistical Arrangements

Ill.

Attitude of the Latin American Nations

IV. Actions

a. Multinational Actions to Control the Surveillance

Effort

b. Unilateral Surveillance Actions

c. Actions to Establish an Alerting System

d. Actions to Develop Effective Communications

System

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CUBA

THE ORGANIZATION OF A CARIBBEAN SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

I..

Introduction

On 8 March 1963 the President approved the estab-

lishment of a coordinated Caribbean

sea surveillance

system

involving:

a. Continued close-in surveillance of Cuba

by U.S, forces.

b. A U.S. military alerting system, by which

intelligence of subversive movement will be

rapialy transmitted to the United States American.

Ambassadors to countries concerned, through in

telligence centers at Caribbean Command and

Caribbean Sea Frontier Headquarters of the Atlantic

Command.

(The feasibility and desirability.of

establishing these intelligence centers is being

studied further, on a priority basis.)

c. Seeking initiation of unilateral sur-:

veillance and interception efforts by each country

in its own territorial waters.

d: Us. assistance in final interception in

territorial waters upon request of the country

concerned.

It is the purpose of this

paper to present the

detailed actions required to put this decision into

practical effect, with emphasis particularly upon the

function of United States forces, and giving considera-

tion to the fact that the decision was addressed to

surveillance of surface movement only and not to the

surveillance of air activity.

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

General Considerations

The thousands of ships and craft operating in

the Caribbean provide an excellent means for

clandestine movement of personnel, arms, equip-

ment and propaganda materials from Cuba

to the

other countries in the Caribbean, as well as

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between Caribbean. countries. The many miles

of

essentially unguarded coastline in the

area enhance further the attractiveness of these

means of disseminating elements of the Castro-

communist program.

While our information on

the extent to which this procedure is now ex-

ploited is meager, there is little question that

it constitutes at least a potential danger, one

that we must be prepared to meet.

The Caribbean surveillance system envisaged

herein

must have the capability to:

a. Detect, in Cuban or international waters,

suspicious ships, and small craft, and

b. Identify and track these ships and craft

in international waters, until they can be

destination or, alternatively, to

c. Detect, in territorial waters of a

Caribbean state, ships or craft bearing sub-

versive cargo, and apprehend those vessels

prior to their escape into international

waters or into the territorial waters of

another state.

Development of a program to meet the above

problems will be sharply affected by the fact that

that Central American countries have only limited

capabilities to patrol their own coastal waters

by sea or air.

Their intelligence capability is

small and their communications resources are meager.

Special Considerations

a. Detection and Identification

Detection of suspicious surface travel can

result Irom visual sighting by air or suriace

craft, radar contact or radio intercept.

may derive from observation only, or may re-

sult from intelligence.

The identification of those surface vessels

which are actually transporting subversive cargo

can only be achieved by intercepting and

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searching all suspicious subjects.

In the

absence of a political decision permitting

such operations in the open sea,

this must

be accomplished in territorial waters. of

friendly countries, and will prove a costly

and burdensome undertaking.

In any event,

effective detection and

identification within the jurisdiction of a

friendly power, in the territorial

waters or

ashore, will demand the coordinate use of

indigenous resources including naval forces,

air forces, military or paramilitary forces,

fishermen and the local populace.

These re-

sources must be organized for rapid reaction

to warnings of impending subversive activity.

b. Interception

Suspicious targets which have been detected

and identified in international waters, or

those upon which advance intelligence has

materialized,

could be shadowed to the limit

of the capabilities of sea and air forces

available, and the movement reported.

the absence of a political decision to auth-

orize visit and search on the high seas,

subsequent action on the high seas would be

In territorial

waters interception would be accomplished by

or with the consent of the country in whose

waters the interception occurs.

c. Intelligence and Communications

The difficulties inherent in timely detection,

identification,

and interception of craft bent

on subversive missions point up the need for

intelligence on prospective movements coupled

with adequate means for rapid interchange of

this information.

The Department of Defense,

the Department of State and the Central Intelli-

gence Agency have taken action to improve U.S.

communication networks, but the systems of the

Latin American nations concerned are, in most

cases, unsatisfactory.

d. Command Arrangements

An uncomplicated cooperative system is

visualized, based on each nation policing its

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own shoreline and adjacent waters, with its

own surface and air forces, coupled

agreements between neighboring countries to

provide mutual information and assistance.

An over-all command structure for the system

as a whole

is neither required nor desirable.

e. Funding and Logistical Arrangements

The operation of a modest surveillance

system, as envisaged herein, would still

entail operations on a larger scale than

currently in force, with corresponding

additional costs to cover materiel and train-

ing for the Latin American participants.

These financial requirements should be ful-

filled over and above current programs, and

accomplished through existing channels.

III. Attitude of the Latin American Nations

Given support and encouragement by the U.S., it

is concluded that some of the countries bordering the

Caribbean Sea would be willing to participate in a

coordinate surveillance effort.

However, the intense

national pride and the sensitivity of the countries in-

volved makes it by no means certain that any will par-

ticipate to the precise degree or in the exact manner

considered most desirable by the U.s,

Inter-service rivalries, political considerations,

mistrust of the military by their executive branches,

and antagonisms between indigenous police and armed

forces will all tend to impede the program. However, the

proposals that follow will serve to diminish these impedi-.

ments, and to establish goals not only for U.s. planning,

but for U.S. efforts to encourage the Latin American

participants as well.

IV. Actions

To be effective the coordinated Caribbean Sur-

veillance system will require:

a. Multinational actions to reach agreement on

surveillance, and on the means to control it.

b. Unilateral and cooperative measures to detect,

identify, track and apprehend clandestine movements

of subversive personnel, arms and equipment.

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c. A mechanism which ensures the rapid assembly

and dissemination of the required information to

the responsible agencies of the countries concerned,

1.e., an alerting system.

d. Improved communications facilities in the

area.

These measures can only be effective if the partici-

pating Caribbean countries are willing to develop and

improve their counterpart internal security capabilities.

Specifically, there is a requirement for additional

al, there one

effort on their part in counterguerrilla training, police

operations, intelligence, and air and ground mobility.

Listed hereafter are specific actions designed to

fulfill the foregoing requirements.

a. Multinational Actions to Control the

Surveillance Effort

(1) Consult

the Caribbean countries with a

view to requesting the President of one of them

to invite ministers from the other countries,

appropriate, to meet for the purpose of dis-

cussing implementation of a multinational

surveillance program.

Arrange at this meeting

for the governments

of the participating

nations, including the U.S., to issue a joint

declaration that the export

by Cuba of subver-

sive personnel and material will call for all

necessary measures

to safeguard

the countries concerned.

•(2) Encourage arrangements between Caribbean

states

for mutual cooperation in coastal sur-

veillance.

(3) Make bilateral arrangements, as necessary,

with each participating nation as to the con-

ditions under which U.s. combatant forces may

enter the waters in which we recognize the par-

ticipating nation's territorial sovereignty.

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b. Unilateral Surveillance Actions

(1) Continue general U.S. surveillance of Cuba

and its contiguous waters, reporting all suspi

cious contacts to the U.S. alerting centers at

Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone.

(2) Maintain a continuing U.S. capability to

respond to requests for interception assistance

from Caribbean countries; this capability to in-

clude facilities for communication with the u.s.

air and surface units (or headquarters) conducting

close-in surveillance of Cuba, and with the prin-

cipal units and command headquarters of the par-

ticipating Caribbean countries.

(3) Require the U.S. Coast Guard to develop a

program for exploiting

the surveillance and re

porting capability of U.S. commercial, fishing

and pleasure craft in the Caribbean.

(4) Propose that each Caribbean country estab

lish intensive civilian and military information

programs to motivate civilian and military parti-

cipants in the surveillance program.

(5) Propose that each caribbean country organize

(or expand) its Coast Guard type force utilizing

U.S. MAP-provided patrol craft for in-shore patrols.

(6) Encourage each participating country to

develop emergency procedures which will provide

for rapid concentration of available forces in any

critical area in case of alert.

(7) Request the governments of each Caribbean

country to issue directives requiring that all of

their ships and aircraft on routine operations or

business be alert for and report suspicious con-

tacts, in accordance with a pre-arranged system.

(8) Propose that the Caribbean governments in-.

tensify the patrol and intelligence activities of

both military and police forces in border areas,

to include the institution of coast watcher pro-

• grams where feasible.

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(9) Propose that the Caribbean governments

augment their military surveillance capability

by arranging for service, as needed, of local

surface pleasure and commercial craft, and

private aircraft; the: service to be patterned

after the Coast Guard Reserve programs and the

Civil Air Patrol in the United States.

c. Actions to Establish an Alerting System

(1) Complete priority study on establishing

intelligence centers at Caribbean Command and

Caribbean Sea Frontier Headquarters for rapid

processing and dissemination to countries con-

cerned via the United States Ambassadors, of

Castro-Communist subversive movements.

(2) Propose that each Caribbean country

consider the desirability of establishing a

central headquarters authority to coordinate

its air and surface military and civil

patrols, its coast watching activities

its intelligence and alerting procedures,

and to serve as a central point of contact

surveillance

system.

(3) Encourage participating countries to

make maximum use of U,S. mobile intelligence

training teams, as well

as spaces available

in U.S, intelligence training schools.

d. Actions to Develop Effective Communications

System

(1) Encourage participating countries to make

maximum use of US. mobile communications train-

ing teams, both air and surface.

(2) Continue emphasis on improving U.S.

communications in the area and encourage par-

ticipating countries to improve their own

communication capabilities.

(3) Pending the improvement of indigenous

communication facilities and capabilities, U.S.

and participating country surveillance head-

quarters exchange contact information on a

priority basis, utilizing U.S. provided facili-

ties described in c.(1)

above.

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(4) Provide for limited scope combined exer-

cises

inc-uaing Use forces and caribbear

country

navy, air force, and coast guard units, together

the necessary headquarters, to improve

and procedures, and to develop a

rapid response

capability in the participating

Caribbean countries.

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CUBA

EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

II.

I1l.

IV.

Introduction

Nature and Scope of the Problem

1. Limiting Factors

2. Categories of Exchangeable Intelligence

3. Current Exchange Arrangements

Existing Programs

New Actions Recommended

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CUBA

THE EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE

CONCERNING COMMUNIST SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES

1. Introduction

In combatting Castro-Communist subversion through-

out Latin America,

there is a fundamental requirement

for intelligence -- a requirement which involves the

timely acquisition and processing of information as

well as its rapid dissemination, on a selective basis,

to countries concerned.

While efforts are now being

made by CIA, AID, and the US Military Services to

improve Latin American intelligence systems, success

thus far has been limited, and much remains

to be done.

It is not with this broad problem, however,

that this

paper is primarily concerned, but

rather with the

narrower matter of the need for a stronger program of

exchanging essential information regarding Communist

subversion in Latin America among those who need to

know it.

I1. The Nature and Scope of the Problem

1. Limiting Factors

a. There are many inhibitions which tend to

discourage the exchange of intelligence on an

international basis, even among allies.

National

privacy with regard

to the inner workings of an

intelligence system must be preserved.

Com-

pounding the problem further, where Latin America

is concerned, is the divisive influence of the

long history

of rivalries, wars, jealousies and

disputes which have characterized relations among

the nations concerned.

The wounds of past conflicts

among pairs and groupings of nations are not com-

pletely healed.

There is lingering hostility

between Peru and Ecuador deriving from their

boundary war. Chile and Bolivia continue at

odds over the Rio Lauca and the question of

Bolivian access to the sea, and,

even now,

Nicaraguan insurgents are haroored within the

borders of both Costa Rica and Honduras.

It

could hardly be expected that these countries

would be eager to exchange intelligence on a full

and frank basis.

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b. Beyond this, Latin America is not a homo-

geneous entity in social, political, or economic

terms, and attitudes toward the Castro-Communist

unified approach toward exchange of intelligence

concerning this menace, therefore, cannot be

regarded as attainable.

c. Additional impediments to intelligence ex-

change are the generally low level of competence

of most Latin American intelligence services, their

lack of rapid, secure means of communication, the

absence of adequate security systems, and the lack

of security consciousness.

security safeguaras must necessarily limit the

exchange of intelligence obtained covertly by any

of the nations involved, and particularly the

United States, which has the most sophisticated

system and hence the greatest need for protection.

d. These defects promise to persist, since

governments of some countries have little desire to

develop a competent career security service.

is a fear that the existence of an efficient service

would constitute a threat to further activities of

members of the existing governments at such time

as they might find themselves out of power.

over, many Latin

American intelligence services

to label as

"subversives"

those of their own

nationals resident in other countries who are

opposed to the existing government.

e. These realities all underscore the fact that

multilateral intelligence exchange must be

With proper definition, limiting the problem

of exchange to matters directly related to communist

subversive activities, such as the movement to and

Irom Cuba of subversives, the production ano

movement of propaganda materials which threaten

internal stability, the movement of arms,

and the

movement of funds,

it should be practicable to

marshal a useful measure of cooperation.

pursuing this effort, it will be important to

draw a sharo distinction between secret intelligence

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gained by covert means and information obtained

The former involves the requirement to

pretect national secrets both as to sources and

acquisition methods employed. The catter,

which

can be of great value, can be exchanged without

fear of compromise.

2. Categories of Exchangeable Intelligence

The following describe generally the categories

of exchangeable matter,

and exemplify the types of material

under each:

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a. Travel information - Unevaluated information

devoted solely to rapid reporting of the movement

of individuals between Latin America and Cuba or

Soviet Bloc countries.

Such reports can be

reduced to a few elements such as identification

of the individual, point of departure, date and

time of departure or arrival, destination, and

carrier. When presented in an abbreviated form

such information offers minimum security problems

with respect to exchange with one or more countries.

b. Intelligence information reports - Un-

evaluated information derived from clandestine

collection operations or confidential sources

reporting on plans and activities of Cuban or

communist connected subversive individuals or

groups; on movement of arms, propaganda and funds;

on shipping and air movements and on results of

surveillance efforts. Because continued receipt

of such information by the United States is dependent

on careful protection of sources and methods of

collection, the exchange of this information with

other countries must be carefully controlled by

the collecting department.

c. Intelligence reports and studies - Evaluated

all of the above areas, prepared

by an appropriate element of the Us government in

a form which is releaseable to other Latin American

countries.

d. Selected overt materials' - Articles or news

stories drawn from press, periodical and other

overt publishers. Selected for maximum impact on

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other countries particularly where such information is

not treely available to security services, as in the

case of foreign broadcast reports.

3. Current Exchange Arrangements

a. At present there is little organized exchange of

intelligence among the Latin American nations.

There

is a limited amout of informal exchange, often on a

basis of personal relationships between

government

ofdicials having a community of interest with respect

to a particular matter.

b. The Central Intelligence Agency has established

working liaison arrangements in those Latin American

countries where such relations have been considered to

be in the best interest of the United States.

Most of

the intelligence concerning subversion in Latin America

available to the CIA is derived from covert operations

or through contacts with another intelligence or security

service.

This inhibits the passing of such information

to agencies of a third country. There is, however, a

substantial amount of intelligence available from

or non-sensitive sources which can be, provided. to

other countries. In 1962, CIA received information

reports from 26

services with which liaison is main-

tained in Latin America and released reports to 35

recipients.

Intelligence items exchanged included

collated studies, weekly intelligence reviews, name

traces and travel reports.

c. The U.S. Army, through its attaches, currently

has an informal arrangement involving bilateral ex-

changes of intelligence with Argentina, Colombia Infor-

Ecuador, Uruguay, Peru, Paraguay and Venezuela.

mation provided by the Army has been concerned with

subversive personalities, communist infiltration,

weapons movements and related matters. Reciprocal in-

telligence received has been of small value.

The Army

also provides selected information on subversive acti-

vities to Brazil, Chile, Guatemala and Mexico, without

reciprocation.

The Navy has

established a Navy-to-Navy

program for the exchange of intelligence among nine

South American navies and the U.S. Navy. The U.S. Air

Force, through its attache system in Latin America, like-

wise

has an exchange program.

This is accomplished on

an informal basis and is bilateral in nature.

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à. Exchanges of information are also effected

from time to time through channels of

the Depart-

ment of State.

e. As yet, however, the program for the pro-

vision by United States agencies of information on

subversion to Latin American governments has not

been developed to an adequate degree.

Since the

United States possesses the most extensive

acquisition capabilities, as well as the only

secure and reliable means

of rapid communication.

throughout Latin America (currently in process

of improvement), the development of an integrated

United States sytem for bilateral exchange offers

the greatest possibility of achieving the results

desired.

Intelligence ex the world,

f• United States experience in the matter of

intelligence exchange in Latin America, and in

other areas of the world, has led to the conclusion

that bilateral arrangements are more fruitful than

x the expertence at nom a400 that

multilateral

arrangements can be of some use,

particularly in creating an

awareness of the need

for intelligence exchange.

§. The concept of an exchange of information

among

members of the OAS with regard to subversive

activities has been put forward at numerous Inter-

American meetings, but has not been implemented,

largely for the reasons set forth in Section II.I.

Under the Punta. del Este decisions, the OAS members

were urged to cooperate in strengthening their

capacity to counteract threats or acts of aggression,

subversion or other dangers to peace and security.

The Council of the OAS is charged with maintaining

vigilance over Castro-Communist subversion,

a

đn on gong

and

Special Consultative Committee on Security (SCCS)"

is established to give technical advice on request

to governments and

the Council on matters relating

to subversion.

All American governments have been

asked to furnish information on

Castro-Communist

activities to serve as the basis for studies and

recommendations by the council of the OAs on how

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counteract them. Since the Punta del Este meeting,

the JAs has been making slow progress in the

countersubversion field, but there has

no significant exchange of intelligence through

i exchange of

as yet been

its machinery.

h. The Inter-American Defense Board (IADB) has

also demonstrated an awareness of the need for

exchanging intelligence regarding communist sub-

version.

Annex 4 of the General Military Plan

prepared by the IADB requests the American States to

report information to the Board and to establish

agreements among themselves for exchanging infor-

mation of collective interest. The United States

has approved the General Military Plan, but similar

action has not been taken by all member countries.

1, This brief summary serves. to illustrate that

there is much room for expansion of bilateral

intelligence exchange arrangements among the Latin

American nations

at best, as well as a need to create an expanded

on then even orea de

themselves, which is now minimal

program for bilateral intelligence exchange between

ne unitea states ana 1naividual countries,

and

finally, a requirement to develop the possibilities

of a multilateral approach within the recognized

limitations involved.

III. Existing Programs

Enumerated below are the principal programs now in

progress. They are subject to continuing improvement.

1. Bilateral exchange of intelligence is now being

conducted by CIA, DOD and bther US agencies with their

Latin American counterparts in instances where it has

been found possible to establish appropriate arrangements

for exchange of selected information consistent with

security

requirements.

2. A study is currently underway to evaluate the

feasibility and desirability of establishing military

intelligence centers of the Caribbean Command and

the

Caribbean Sea Frontier, Atlantic Command, for further

dissemination' of intelligence as appropriate in con-

junction with our Military Alerting System,

for rapid

processing and dissemination with appropriate, of

intelligence on subversive activities directly to the

countries concerned through the US Ambassador.

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3. Intelligence is being provided to the Caribbean

Command by CIA and other elements of the U.S. Embassies

in Latin America as well

as to CIA Headquarters for further

dissemination as appropriate.

4. Various agencies of the U.S. Government are now

disseminating to Latin American governments unclassified studies

and

reports and other non-sensitive information concerning

Castro-Communist

subversion.

5. U.S. Government communications systems throughout

Latin America are being expanded and improved upon on a

high priority basis.

6. Programs now exist under AID, CIA, and DOD for the

training and equipping of Latin American internal security

and intelligence services.

Additional programs gould be

established in other

countries where it is

found

to be in

the best interests of the United States and acceptable

to the country concerned.

7. All information received by CIA concerning travel

to and

from Cuba is put into a computer system capable

of producing lists of name, by country, by point of travel,

or sorted on various other bases.

IV. New Actions Recommended

1. Reinforce the present procedures for bilateral

exchange of intelligence, as described in

Section III,l. by

recommending an Embassy intelligence committee to coordinate

procedures for ensuring timeliness, completeness and freedom

Irom duplication or lalse confirmation in the bilateral exchange

with the host governments.

2. Encourage. Latin American countries to engage in

bilateral exchange of intelligence on Castro-Communist

subversive activities.

3. Arrange. for the electrical dissemination to

appropriate Latin American governments of daily summaries

of radio broadcast material as monitored by the FBID of

CIAO

4. Make availavle to as many countries as security

permits, sanitized results of the extensive travel coverage

obtained by the Central Intelligence Agency, already processed

by machine. (See paragraph III.T.)

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5. Discourage the employment of intelligence advisors

from nations other than the United States except in instances

where the United States can arrange to provide for the

training and

control of

any third country intelligence

advisor.

6. Arrange for the preparation of periodic studies

of Castro-Communist subversion in Latin America which can

be disseminated to selected Latin American governments.

7. Undertake action in the OAS to stimulate governments

to keep

the Council and the secs fully informed on a

continuing basis of the nature and incidence of subversive

activities in their respective countries.

8, Encourage Latin American countries to approve the

General Military Plan of the Inter-American Defense

Board (IADB), and, in accordance with Annex 4 thereof,

furnish to the IADB intelligence information and estimates

concerning Castro-Communist subversive activities.

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CUBA

TRAINING OF LATIN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction

11.

Existing Programs

1. General

2. Agency for International Development Programs

3. Military Assistance Programs

4. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs

5. Training in the Canal Zone

6. Cost of Existing Programs

7. Difficulties Encountered in Filling Available

Military Quotas in the U.S.

III. Groups Appropriate for Expanded Training Efforts

IV. Actions Recommended

a. Security Personnel

b. Personnel Concerned with Operation of Vital

Facilities

c. Personnel Working with Youth

PAGE

1

3

3

3

5

6

6

7

7

8

9

11

12

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TRAINING OF LATIN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

1.

Introduction

The fact that 2,000 Latin Americans have recently

been indoctrinated in

Communist ideology and

subversive

techniques in Cuba 1s just cause for concern, and warrants

an energetic response. Our actions to frustrate this

movement are already beginning to generate momentum,

but

it will be idle to conclude that currently programmed

impediments upon the movement of people, arms and propa-

ganda from Cuba, will diminish decisively the strength

subversion in Latin America.

While it will be important, so long as the Castro regime

survives, to remove the ability of Latin Americans to

travel to Cuba, it will be much more important to remove

their desire to travel there in the first place.

The root causes of this desire are numerous, but

prominent

among them are the dissatisfaction of the young

people of Latin America,

• their impatient hope for better

things and their curiosity about the world at large. The

younger generation of Latin Americans cannot be expected

to stand

still.

They demand rapid and revolutionary im-

provement and

this is what communism promises them, how-

ever falsely.

We are faced with the challenge, therefore,

of convincing the young and restive Latin American student,

farmer or labor leader that the progress he desires can

best be achieved through the institutions of a free society.

One of the best means of establishing this conviction is

to show him, at first hand, our own free society in action.

This useful influence is at work now with the Latin

American students who are receiving education and train-

1ng in the United States.

This group - considerably

greater in number than those who visit Cuba or the Bloc

countries - are underwritten by various agencies of the

United States government, private institutions, and, in

On balance,

these

young people return to their countries with a keener un-

derstanding of what makes the United States function.

While their reaction may not always be completely favor-

able, it must certainly be more accurate - and thus

ravorable - than any picture painted for them by th more

Communists at home.

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In any case in terms of the numbers of young Latin

Americans which we might reach in this endeavor, it is

evident that our opportunities are not now being fully

opportunities ar

exploited. If our efforts can be given stronger direction

and

intensified, there is reason to believe that we may

exert

a powerful influence on the most impressionable - and.

most important - sector of Latin American society,

the

younger generation.

That is the purpose of this study - to examine those

U.S.

sponsored training and education programs for Latin

Americans which are already in motion, with the objective

of determining what improvements can be made which would

increase our capability for countering subversion.

tion has been focussed particularly on subsidized training

in police, military and certain other fields, selected on

a basis of their special significance in the

confrontation

with Castro-Communist

subversive activities.

It is recognized that the much broader area of U.S.

secondary school and college level education for Latin

American students is also a most fruitful field, which

requires similar examination; however, that study is

viewed as being conditioned upon

educational factors

which are

beyond the scope of this paper.

Another important field which is complementary to

training in the United States, is the broad variety of

in-country programs, now being

carried out by the Department

of State, Peace Corps, AID, USIA, the Armed Forces, private

and religious. institutions, and civil educational insti-

Through these, the Latin American is exposed at

U.S. citizens who are interested in his welfare,

in terms which provide a direct rub-off of our values.

While it cannot be divorced completely from in-country

training this paper does not concern itself directly with

It does, however, recognize the importance

of the in-country effort, and proposes to make use o1

the U.S. presence in Latin American as a catalyst to

attract promising young people towards training in the

North, where they can

see organized freedom in action and,

by gaining confidence in 1t, become its champions in their

own country.

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II. Existing Programs:

1. General

Approximately 15,000 Latin Americans, exclusive

of private business

trainees, are instructed annually in

the United States.

Of these, about 10,000 are engaged.

in undergraduate or graduate

studies, including more than

1,000 individuals who receive subsidies from the United

States or from their own governments. The remaining 5,000

receive specialized instruction, or

are brought to the

U.S. for orientation tours.

The U.S. Government provides

its

subsidies principally through the Military Assistance

Program,

the Agency for International Development, and the

Department of State.

Also the Inter-Agency Committee on

Youth Affairs is reviewing existing programs affecting

Latin American youth

and studying the possibility of

leadership training courses for them,

2. Agency for International Development Programs

During FY 1962, the Agency for International

Development brought 1,594 Latin Americans to the United

States for training, in age groups as

follows:

Under 20

21 - 25

25

160

26 - 30

362

31 - 35

36 - 40

392

288

41 - 45

46 - 50

165

118

51 - on

85

Approximately 240 of these trainees matriculated

at a university or school, for undergraduate or graduate

degree work.

The remainder engaged in on-the-job or less

formal training, or attended courses apart from a degree

program, Ior periods varying Irom three months to a year.

Students received training in the following fields:

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Agriculture

249

Industry

164

Transportation

115

Labor

338

Health

167

Education

130

Public Administration

157

Public Safety

Community Development

119

20

Atomic Energy:

22.

Housing

Miscellaneous

46

68

3. Military Assistance Programs

At the present time, 2,277 Latin American military

students are receiving, or are programmed to receive,

train-

ing in the United States under the Military Assistance Pro-

gram.

Courses

vary in length from two-week orientation

tours

to 83-week flying

training courses.

However, the

majority of instruction is for periods of less

than six

months, and is distributed in fields as follows:

Flying Instruction (8-83 weeks) 172

748

Command, Staff and Operational

(direction and control of

armed forces, 4-23 weeks)

Communications/Electronics

(6-29 weeks)

66

Equipment Maintenance and

Repair (5-28 weeks)

335

Logistics (2-14 weeks)

46

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Administration (4-40 weeks)

8

Professional Specialized

(Engineering, Mecical, Legal,

etc., 4-20 weeks)

306

Orientation (2-3 weeks)

596

4. In FY 1962, 1,869 persons from the other Americar

Republics came to the United States under program of the

Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Depart-

ment of State.

This number is broken down as follows:

students (Academic study,.

1 year)

338

Teachers (6-12 months)

277

Professors/Research Scholars

(1-2 semesters)

84

Leaders and Specialists

(1-6 months)

299

Educational Travel Grantees

(30 days)

871

The 338 Latin American students were for the

most part at the graduate level, studying for a full

academic year at universities in the United States.

Teachers participated in six-month programs of teacher

development in their special fields, or in teacher edu-

cation workshops. in Puerto Rico, with a smaller number

teaching for a full academic year in United States schools.

The 84 professors and research scholars were engaged in

teaching or research from one semester to a full academic

year, or participated in short-term seminars at U.s.

Leaders and specialists in all important

fields visited the United. States: the former,. for

periods of from 30 to 60 days for observation and to

confer with colleagues in their specialties; the latter

for periods varying up to six months for practical study

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and on-the-iob training in their special lields (commu-

nications media, community welfare work,

etc.). The

871 educational travel grantees, comprising approxi-

mately 45 per cent of the total number of Department

of State sponsored trainees in the United States con-

sisted largely of selected students and student leaders

from Latin American universities,

and some school

teachers, who participated individually or in groups.

• in

short-term observation visits relating to their special

fields of interest.

5. Training in the Canal Zone

Additional Latin American personnel undergo

training in Panama

Canal Zone schools of the Caribbean

Command and at the Inter-American Police Academy,

operated by the Agency for International Development.

Additionally,

the United States Navy and Coast Guard

are establishing a facility to instruct Latin Americans

in coastal patrol craft operation and surveillance.

While this training does not take place in the United

States proper,

the Latin American students involved are

nevertheless exposed

to a school environment which is

based on U.s. values.

During the past year, the United States Army

Caribbean School trained 1,200 Latin American officers

and men,

while the United States Air Force School for

Latin America trained 494 students.

The newly formed

Inter-American Police Academy graduated 90 Latin Ameri-

cans during the same period,

and is expanding classes

to reach a planned annual rate of 360 in FY 1964.

6. Cost of Existing Programs

The fy 1903 AID, MAP and State Department pro-

Srams provide 921.9 mission lor training a total of

5,165 Latin Americans in the United States.

The per

capita cost of training under civilian programs of the

United States Government is approximately $5,000 for a

full academic year.

average $3,200, with courses usually of less than one

year's duration. It is estimated that the per capita

costs for short courses (8-16 weeks), both civilian and

military, approximates $1,600.

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In terms of dollars alone, and apart from the

many benefits received, it will be

seen that training

is a relatively inexpensive endeavor.

Furthermore,

in

contemplating the cost of an intensified program, it is

significant that the enrollment in most schools and

training courses can usually be increased - in some

degree - without corresponding increases in overhead.

7. Difficulties Encountered in Filling Available

Military Quotas in the United States

The failure of Latin American countries to take

full advantage of military quotas offered has been a

persistent problem.

In 1962, for example, 15 per cent

of the quotas offèred were unfilled. This unfavorable

situation derives from many causes.

During the current

fiscal year 18 per cent of unfilled Army quotas have been

lue to inability to meet course pre-requisites; 22 per

sent because of lack of sufficient funds and 33 per cent

because of political upheavals.

The armed forces of the

Latin American country are small, and the avail-

ability of qualified candidates who can be spared for

extended periods of instruction abroad is thus

limited.

The short periods of obligated service and the lack of a

professional non-commissioned officer corps also tends :

to discourage the training of enlisted men in United

States schools, since there is an understandable lack

of enthusiasm

for spending large sums from limited budgets

to train enlisted men who will remain in service only a

brief time.

Another significant deterrent is the per

diem rates

required by law to be paid by some countries

to service personnel sent outside their homeland. In

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay, the legal rates

for personnel serving abroad are too high to be support-

able by defense budgets, while in other countries, such

as Bolivia and Paraguay, the standard rates are too low

to provide a reasonable living for students.

III. Groups Appropriate for Expanded Training Efforts

Three principal groups have been identified as

meriting special attention in our program of impeding

the growth of Castro-Communist subversion. These are:

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a. Groups airectly responsible for the security

of the country.

Personnel of police, paramilitary

and military organizations should receive particu-

lar attention, with emphasis on junior and inter-

mediate level personnel involved in administrative

and

supervisory functions.

b. Groups responsible for the operation of vital

facilities.

Communications systems,

public infor-

mation media, utilities, transportation and, in

some countries, industrial installations are vital

to the orderly functioning of a state.

As a result,

they are prime targets for Communist infiltration

and subversion. U.S.-oriented personnel in these

occupations,

especially at the lower supervisory

levels,

are

in a good position to detect, report

on and

impede Communist activities.

• Groups involved in airect supervisory con

Labor leaders

teachers, athletic instructors, farm advisors,

student leaders, and technical school instructors

all work directly with young people, and thus

play an important role in molding their atti-

tudes.

IV. Actions Recommended

The training actions enumerated below are recom-

mended as

promising a useful return in our effort to

develop a stronger base of countersubversive convic-

tion among the groups identified in the preceding para-

graph.

In execution of these actions, priorities should

be established in terms of individual country needs.

While the many variables involved render precise

calculation difficult, it is estimated that a vigorous

pursuit of all of the proposed actions would result in

an increase of directly subsidized U.S. training by

about 60%, or 3,600 people; at

an increased expenditure

of roughly $12, 000, 000.

The financial support involved

should be provided

over and above existing agency pro-

grams.

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a. Security Personnel

(1) Military

(a) Offer expanded opportunities for

Latin

American junior officers and non-

commissioned officers in on-the-job training

programs in units of all U.S. Armed Services.

(b) Improve off-duty programs for the

above Latin American trainees, to provide

them with a close and favorable view of life

in the United States.

(c) Select a liberal number of the best

qualified graduates from Canal Zone service

schools for further training on a higher

level in U.S. military technical schools,

staff and operations courses.

Advanced

training should be a continuation of Canal

Zone schooling, concentrating on equipment

and skills required in Latin America.

Quotas should be established for both

junior officers and enlisted ranks.

(d) Expand or establish quotas for train-

ing of promising young Latin Americans at

Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps basic

training schools, with a view to their pro-

ceeding onward to further training in more

advanced U.S. schools.

(e) In order to enhance understanding

with students, insure that an adequate num-

ber of bilingual personnel, fluent in speak-

ing and writing both English and spanish,

or English and Portuguese, are assigned to.

the faculties of Service schools which pro-

vide instruction to Latin Americans.

(f) Increase the number of students

trained at the U.S. Air Force School for

Latin America,

in Panama, and expand

auotas for officers.

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(g) Expand the MAP-sponsored intelligence

training conducted by the U.S. Army at Fort

Holabird, Maryland, to include junior officers

and NCO's.

Increase Latin American quotas

for intelligence training by all Services.

(h) Review all FY 1964 U.S. Service school

quotas

for Latin America to determine if in-

creases, consistent with the capabilities of

Latin American countries to absorb, can be.

made.

(i) Encourage, through MAAG's and Missions,

increased Latin

American participation in

military training programs, exercises, orien-

tation tours and exchange programs.

(j) Through additional MAP funding,

ab-

sorb the costs for training Latin American

military personnel in the U.S. and Panama,

including international travel costs.

Con-

currently press for elimination of home

country regulations which inhibit filling

of quotas.

(k) In military schools engaged in teach-

Ing Latin Americans, indoctrinate U.S. in-

structors in the broader political object-

ives the U.S. is seeking to achieve through

training.

(1) Review curricula of military courses

for Latin Americans with a view toward. empha-

sizing constructive participation by

their

military forces in political, economic, social

and civil development.

(2) Police

(a) Increase the police training program

of the Office of Public saiety.

in-put of 1.000 for the next 18 months.

(The current program calls for 450 trainees

in Panama and 150 in the U.S. during this

period.) Select candidates who are in posi-

tions to exert maximum and immediate influence

within their organizations and communities.

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(b) Through additional AID funding, absorb

the training costs for Latin American

public

saiety personnel in the U.s. and Lanama in-

cluding international travel

costs.

(c) Provide English language training to

Latin

American candidates for public safety

courses. in the U,S. through USIS English

language training centers located in Latin

American countries.

(3) Customs and Immigration

High priority should be given to security

personnel responsible for customs and immigra-

tion enforcement, to include consideration oi

establishing a separate training program in

the U.s? for this purpose.

b.

Personnel Concerned with Operation of Vital

Facilities

(1) Initiate a two-phase pilot training pro-

gram, under direction of AID and State, to

bring about 500 students per year, who

are

supervisors or potential instructors, to the

United States for short courses in English

training and orientation.

Select 100 of these

for further technical training in specialties

such as:

Aircraft operations and airways control

Radio broadcasting, press and television

Commercial communications (telephone,

radio telephone, cable, etc.)

Harbor terminal and

shipping operations

Fuel storage

Urban water,

light and power operation

and maintenance

Railroad operations and maintenance

Bus transportation

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(2) Direct: each U.S, Ambassador in Latin

America to develop and propose a detailed

training program for his country to include

specific numbers of students to be trained

in the field of vital facilities.

(3) Initiate programs to persuade U,S.

city administrations to provide training, at

the cities' expense, for selected Latin

Americans in the area of city management,

planning, services and urbanization.

(4) Initiate programs to persuade U.S.

state governments to provide training, at

the states' expense, for selected Latin

Americans, in the field of province (state)

management and planning.

(5) Initiate programs to persuade U.s.

business

and industrial organizations and

labor unions, at their own expense, to pro-

vide training, in their particular

areas

of interest, for selected Latin Americans.

c. Personnel Working with Youth

(1) Initiate programs to persuade U.S.

colleges and

universitites to conduct periodic

seminars in the U.S. for athletic coaches

persons concerned

with promotion of sports,

for the purpose of indoctrinating Latin American

instructors

in U.S. techniques and coaching

philosophy. Provide financial support as re-

quired.

(2) Expand existing State Department spon-

sored programs which relate to teacher educa-

tion and social welfare.

(3) Expand existing AID programs to encourage

the formation of farm cooperatives and other

agricultural programs by bringing Latin Ameri-

can supervisory and instruetor personnel to the

U.S. for training and orientation.

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(4) Conduct seminars on democracy and the

characteristics of

a free and open society for

Latin American political science students,

labor and youth leaders and young governmental

officials.

The seminars will be supported by

the Department of State in the United States,

and in Latin America by USIS, through selected

Indigenous labor, youth and education organ1-

zations.

(5) Explore all of the programs utilized by

various government agencies and the check Iists

developed by the Inter-Agency Youth Committee

to Insure that the programs are designed to

provide visitors with a full and accurate pio-

ture of the U.S., 1ts society, 1ts Institutions

and objectives.

(6) Expand existing programe under USIA for

working with student unions in Latin American

universities to insure students receive accurate,

comprehensive and sympathetic information con-

cerning the United States.

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