Originator: FBI
From: MIAMI, FL
Document date: 01/15/1962
Document type: PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

## Page 1

Date: 08/11/93

Page: 1

JFK ASSASSINATION SYSTEM

IDENTIFICATION FORM

AGENCY INFORMATION

AGENCY : DOJ

RECORD NUMBER

: 179-20001-10128

RECORDS SERIES

CLASSIFIED SUBJECT FILE 129-11, ENCLOSURES, SERIAL #71

AGENCY FILE NUMBER :

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

ORIGINATOR : FBI

FROM : MIAMI, FL

TO :

TITLE :

DATE : 01/15/62

PAGES

: 32

SUBJECTS

CUBA

ANTI-CASTRO UNDERGROUND

DOCUMENT TYPE : PAPER, TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

CLASSIFICATION : Y75

RESTRICTIONS : REFERRED

CURRENT STATUS

DATE OF LAST REVIEW : / /

OPENING CRITERIA :

COMMENTS :

ATTACHMENT F; BOX 65

IRI

- ITEM IS

RESTRICTED

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C

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAT

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

In Reply, Please Refer 30

Filo No.

105-3558

Miami, Florida

January 15, 1962

RE:

CUBAN REBEL ACTIVICIES IN CUBA

INTERNAL SECURITY - CUBA

Thire is summarized in this momorandum infcination

received fron various sources concerning current rebel

activitias in Cuba. A table of contents for this memorandum

is set loith below.

I. ANTI-CASTRO UNDERGROUND ORGANIZATIONS IN CUBA

A. Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil

(Revolutionary Student Directosy (DRE)

B. Christian Democratic Movement (MDC)

C. Revolutionary Movement of the People (MRP)

D.

E.

Revolutionary Recovery Movement (VRR)

30th of November Movement

F.

Revolutionary Unity (UR)

G.

The 17th of April Movement

Page

la

la

6

8

9

11

12

II. REPORTED GUERRILLA ACTIVITY

13

III. NATURE OF UNDERGROUND ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

18

IV. AMOUNT OE MILITARY EQUIPMENT POSSESSED BY

UNDERGROUND FORCES

19

ARMS REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNDERGROUND GROUPS

20

A.

Groups Operating in Citias

B. Groups Operating

in Rural Areas

21

21

VI.

LIAISON BETWEEN UNDERGROUND GROUPS IN CUBA

WITH UNITED STATES

22a

VII.

EVALUATIONS OF PRESENT STATUS

GROUPS

OF UNDERGROUND

23

ALT IRPORKATTON CONTATNED

HORDIN IS UNODASSTETED EXCEFO

MMERTO SHOWN OCHERTISE.

9/22/94

Classified by 5P8 puc/ett

Declassify on: 01 JFK)

CONEDENTIAO

TOP

SEGRET

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C

CONFIDENTIAI

SECRET

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

I.

ANTI-CASTRO UNDERGROUND ORGANIZATIONS

IN CUBA

A.

DIRECTORIO REVOLUCIONARIO

ESTUDIANPIL (REvolutionary

Student Directory) (DRE)

On September 23, 1961, BERNARDO LLERENA COBOS,

221 Northwest 33rd Avenue,

Miami, Florida, advised that

he had just arrived in the United States via a small boat

from Cuba, and that for approximately the past two years

he had been active in the underground movement in Cuba,

namely in the province of vistanzas.

He said that as of

that time he was a menber of the DRE, that he had come

to the United States to contact leaders of Cuban exiled

groups in Miami regarding assistance for the underground.

LLERENA stated that as of that tine there were no major

active underground organizations in Cuba,

DRE was stepping up its activity in the Matanzas Province

in conjunction with the operations of the Movimiento

Democrata Cristiano (Christian Democratic Movement)

(NDC). He said that the three most prominent organi-

zations in the underground in Cuba at that time were

the Movisiento Revolucionario del Pueblo (Revolutionary

Movement of the People) (MRP), the Movimiento 30 de

Noviembie (30th of Novenber Movement), and the MC.

LLEREN advised that he wished to emphasize

while these groups exist. in Cuba they are all small

numerically and their operacions are seriously impaired

by the arrests and executions of the leaders of the

underground.

i- 1a -

CONFIDENTIAR

SCUR

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CONFIDTATIAS

PRET

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

On October 4,

1961, Ms T-1, a Cuban exile who

departed Cuba on October 3, 1951, advised that the DRE

is a well organized underground organization in Cuba:

with contacts throughout the island.

This source stated

that the DIs is very active and had been able to arrange

for the escape of MM I-I through its underground apparatus.

On November 21, 1961, M4 I-2, who has not

furnished sufficient infonation to permit a determination

as to his reliability, but who stated that he was an

official of the DRE in Cuba, advised chat he left Cuba

In October, 1951, with the excaccation of returning in

the near futura..

According to 101 I-2, the DRE, the 30th

of November Movement and the Movimiento Recuperacion

Revolucionario (Revolutionary Recovery Movenent) (MRR)

were the only osganizations of any consequence operating

in the underground novement at that tims.

On November 8,

2961, LUIS FERNANDEZ ROCHA,

who described himself as the Sacretary General of the

DRE and MM I-2, advised that the DRE is the traditional

Cuban students

organization which exists to combat

tyranny in Cuba. FERNANDEZ and MM I-2 said that 90 percent

of the membership of this organization is in Cuba, and

thai although the group suffered a severe setback with

the arrest of ALBERTO MULLER and 74 of his men in April,

the organizational structure of the DRE has been

naintained and was being revitalized.

They stated that

the DrE operates throughout the island and that its

basic scrength was that of the student membership,

although it also had representation from among Cuban

laboress, farmers and professional men. They said that

the group had underground cuntrol of the students in the

four universities of Cuba, including the University of

Havana.

On November 21, 1951, I T-2 made available

a report prepared by LUIS CRANEZ ROCHA which included

information relating to the organization of the DRE in

Cuba.

This report reflected that the highest authority

- 2.

RET ONFIDENTIAD

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C

CONFIDENTIAO

RE :

CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIRS IN CUZA

in the DRE is the National Ezecutive Council, which is

divided into distince sections called Secretariats, as

set forth below:

Ceneral Secretariat:

ALBERTO MULLER (prisoner

'in Boniato jail)

LUIS FERNANCEZ ROCHA

(LUCIANO)

(momentarily

in exile)

Sécretariat of Organization: MICUEL ANGEL

Secretarias of Isopaganda:

TULIO

Secretariat of Action and Sabotage: CELESTINO

Secretariad of Supplies: JULIO CESAR

Secretariat of Security: ERNESTO

Secretariat of Fublic Relations: PANCHO

Secretariat of Finances:

MIGUEL

Secretariat of Milicary Affairs: ROBERTO

Secretariat of Civic Resistance:

ALEJANDRO

Secretariat of Pre-University Students:

JORGE

This report further indicated that the

organizations in each of the six provinces were directly

responsible to the Executive Council and that each

province had a coordinator who was in contact with the

Executive Council.

It was further stated that throughout Cuba

in each student center fron the universities to the

secondary and pre-university schools there was a

coordinator of the DRE.

MM I-2 stated that the identities of the

leading figures in the Cuban underground were unknown

to him with the exception of the leaders of the DRE.

stated dies anderend

He said that as a matter of policy, he did not care

to

disclose the identities of these persons as they are

still operating in Cuba.

- 3

CONFIDENT 4O

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SEGRET

CONFIDENTIAN

RE: CURAN REBEL ACTIVITIZS IN CUBA:

MM T-2 also advised thas he was not in a position

to furnish an

estimate of the strength of the underground

groups di their areas of operation.

He stated that the

three principal organizations

have poople tho operate

in all six provinces of Cuba and that the DrE,

with which

he was more familiar, had cells: or groups in all of the

principal cities of Cube.

He stated that the National

Executive Council meets ison time to time in the City of

B.

CHRISTIAN DEVICCRATIC MOVEMENT

(NDO)

On December 26, 1961, DI. RAFAEL AGUIRPE

RENCURPELI was contacted

coordinator of the MC in the Province of Havana.

AGUIRRE stated that the MC orgenization in Cuba is

composed of individual ceils consisting of from three

to eight members, with one membes in each cell designated

as the chief.

This person mintains contact for the

group with the municipal coordinator.

The chief of the

cell is the only one who is to know the identity of any

other ceil member.

There is one municipal coosdinator

in each city and these maintain contact with the

coordinators of the province.

DE. AGUIRRE stated that

the IDC has branches in all of the provinces and

districts of the island.

DI. AGUIRRE advised that the national leadership

in the hands of the National Executive

Conmittee which consists of 12 members headed by the

"RUBIDO." DI. AGUIRRE described

"RUBIDO" as a middle-aged man, married, a Catholic,

anti-Communist and a conservative.

was formerly an

impostont figure in the Growers Association of Cuba.

He stated that "RUBIDO" is also one of the two coordinators

of the Province of Pinar del Rio.

= 4-

CONCIINTIAO

SECRET

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CONFIDENTIAL

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

DI. AGUIRRE described the other officials of

the NDC in Cuba as being basically Catholic, anti-

Communist

and conservative.

Fe said that most of them

are professionals or whise collar workers and would be

described as members of the middle class.

DI. AGUIRRE stuted shat although clandestine

activity in Cuba has been consinually reduced since the

April 17 invasion,

the 1D0 has continued to operate its

organizations in all areas of the island.

He said that

all districts of the Province of Pinar del Rio have been

organized with the principal concentration of strength

in the Cicy of Pinar del Rio.

The organization in

Havana has recently experienced more difficulty in its

operations but because it is swall there, its communication

problem has not been as complicated and the group

continues to act effectively.

He stated that the NOC

is also well osganized

in Matanzes, Oriente and Camaguey

and that it is weakest in las Villas.

DI. AGUIRRE stated thet the MC estimates that

it has roughly 15,000 men throughout the island of

Cuba, although since the time of the April 17 invasion,

the coordination between groups has not been as good

previously.

DI. AGUIRRE stated that one of the chief

problems of the IDC at this time is the lack of

-ability to communicate on& regular basis with the

underground groups in Cuba as well-as the difficulties

involved in furnishing necessary supplies such as

explosives and arms.

DI, AGUInRI stated that he did not wish

furnish the true identities of the underground leaders

of the Mc in Cuba for security reasons. DI. AGUIRRE

said the Miani headquarters of the MDC is at 2325

Eisceyne Boulevard.

- 5: -

CONFDENTIAN

GENET

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CONFIDENTIAR

RE.:

CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OF THE

PEOPLE (ORP)

REVNOL GONZALEZ, an undesground leader of the

"ANTCNIO" directed a letter dated

October 1, 1961, Erom Havana, Cuba, CO JOAQUIN CODOY

and IGNACIO i2.DOZA, leaders

ot the iMP in the United

In this latter CONZALEZ furnished information

regarding activities in Cube in Septembes, 1961.

Indicaced that the MRP underground in Cuba was active

in the field of sabotage having planted 25 bombs throughout

the City of Havana during one night.

He mentioned that

the 1R2 in Cuba was using a plastic bag containing a

chenical mixture similar to live phosphorous, which was

difficult to handleand that their detonators were old

and corroded,

He mantioned that the "CEL"' that they had

been using was "C-3" which had a paculiar oder and that

it was, therefore, quite evident that the MP underground

was working under most adverse conditions, He noted

that despite the controls exercised by the CASTRO regime,

the IRP continued to engage in sabotage activity without

hesitation,

But he objected to the fact that the under-

ground was

forced to use home-made material without

any effective aid

in the forn of equipment from abroad,

On November 28, 1961, M03 I-3, a Cuban exile

made available information

which had been received by a friend of his in a secret

ink message dated November 8, 1961, at Havana,

Cuba.

According to Vi I-3, the writer of this message was

one CASION ACOSTA RUE, Who was using the 'war name" of

the name which appeared as the sender on

the envelope in wnich this lettes was mailed.

secret ink message stated that nearly all of the irp

leadership had been made prisoners.

One of the leaders,

"ANTONIO" had been"'tortured in the cold room"' and

nearly died and sodium pencathol had been used by the

- 6 ..

CONADENTIRD

SEGNET

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CONFIDENT

TOP

SECRET

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

interrogators.

It was stated that "the matter of

ANIONIO on television was & bluss" and that "there was

no treason," of the national provincial leadership for

ravang there were only ten left, bus the rank and file

were described as "ok."

It wes also indicated that part

of the intario: was "'OK"' and that nocale was very high

despite the setbacks.

GONZALEZ, who had been Caneral Coordinator of the: MRP in

Cuba had beon arrested in October,

1951. He had

appeared

co a Cuban celevision station, adnicting his anti-

governont activicies and identifying certain members

of the VA2 in Cuba.

MENDOZA said that the persons

mentioned by GONZALEZ had already been arrested or had

fled from Cuba, He did state, however, that the arrests

by the Cuban G-2 of many of the MRP loaders had left

the organization in very serious condition and without

leadezship..

He said that while these was undoubtedly

a good nucleus of VRP members, the repressive measures

of the government had been of

such magnitude as to

seriously limit any future possibilities for reocganization

of the MRP in Cuba.

LANDOZA advised that the General Coordinator

of the RP in Cuba, succeeding CONZALEZ, is named

FRANCISCO FErDONO,

He said that PERDOMO has been forced

to move about to avoid arrest so such an extent that

he has been unable to function effectively as coordinator

of the MRP,

TENDOZA stated that as of that time he

had no means of direct communication with members of

the MR? underground in Cuba.

Alton Road, Miani Beach, Florida.

MENDOZA resides at 4160

• 7.

TOP

SSET CONADENTISE

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COEIDENTIAT

SCRET

RE: CULAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

D.

REVOLUTIONARY RECOVERY MOVEMENT

(ORR)

On November 17, 1901, COCAR SALAS, 3001

Province of Revana, and that as of Novenber, 1961, he

was an official of the mink in the Uniced States,

He said

that the miz leaders believe that theis organization in

Cuba is the strongest and best orgenined of those

organizations which remained in existence following

the unsuccessful invasion of Apsil 17, 1961;

SALAS advised that based on the information

being received in Miami from

Cuba, which information "

is admictedly sketchy,

satisfactory.

Its various groups are continuing to

function in all provinces of Cuba, although under

increasing pressure from the Cuban C-2.

The governing

body of the Mir is located in Havang and has been able

to maintain limited contact with the various provinces.

Positive action by the iRR against the CASTRO regime is

seriously hampered by the restrictive measures of the

government as vall as by the lack of adequate equipment.

SALAS stated that bosed on recent information,

it appears stat the activity of the IRR has had to be

confined to an occasional act of sabotage or to attempts

to seize additional arms. No widespread activity has

been possible recenüly.

He said that the other underground organizations

such as the DRE and the 30th of Novezber Movement are

also effective to some extent. The lDC is considered

to be fairly strong but is apparently confined to the

cities rather than to the rural areas, The organization

- 8:

TOP

PET

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SOMET

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

called Unidad Revolucionaria (Revolucionazy Unity)

(UR), while smalles then the above mintioned groups,

is still active in various aroas of Cuba and has some

suppozt.

An osganization called Rescate has grown

pessive and is of negligible importance.

on the in 210 ag

SALAS stated that an estimate of the strength

of the tik at the present time vould be impossible

make: He said that the identities of the URR leaders

in Cuba must be concealed to protect then as long as they

continue to senain active in the underground.

SALAS described the MR as a middle-of-the-".

rcad organization wich less political involvement than

most of the other organizations.

E. 3OTH OF NOVELSER MOVEMENT

MM I-2, previously mentioned, who left Cuba

in October, 1961, and who stated he was an official oi

the DRE, advised on November 21, 1951, that the 30th of

November Movement was one of the three organizations of

consequence operating in the underground in Cuba at that

time.

On November 9, 1961, CARLOS RODRIGUEZ QUESADA,

427 Southwest 4th Avenue, Miami,

Floata, advised that

he was the General Coordinator of the 30th of November

Movenent in the United States.

RODRIGUEZ Stated that he

has received occasional reports regarding the status of

the 30th of Noverber Organization in Cuba, and that

based on this information, the leaders of his group

in

the United

States believe

that their organization

continues as one of the most effective underground

organizations in Cuba:

- 9 -

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CRET

CONFIDENTIAN

RE:: CUEAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

RODRIGUEZ advised that his organization was

formed by labor leaders who opposed

the Communist

govezmment of EDEL CASIO and that the majority

of

the membership in Cuba is composed of members of the

labor force.

He stated chat the organization in Cuba

opcrases for securiy reasons as a "call" organization

with knowledge of the identities of other mombers limited

as much do is possibla, We stated that despite all

precautions such as the cell organization, the 30th

of November in Cuba has suffered a number of recent

losses, specifically the acrost by Cuban G-2 agents of

7 impostant leadass wishin the pest two yeals.

He

stated that within the las& six weeks, about thirty

percent of the leaders of the movement in Cuba have

been arrested or shot, and that it is apparent to the

leaders of the group in the United States that the

measures of the CASTRO goverrment egainst the underground

have becone increasingly effective.

RODRIGUEZ advised

that the

leaders in the United States are fearful that

success continues their organization in Cuba

will be wiped out or rendered relatively impotent.

RODRIGUEZ

advised that as of that time there

were so figures available as to the strength of the

organization in Cuba.

He said that there are groups

in all provinces, but that there is no one person who

could make an estinate of the over-all strength.

further stated that he did not know whether the 30th

o.. November Movement was strages in one province than

another, since the actual membership figures are not

available.

RODRIGUEZ also advised that while he knows

the identities of certain leaders of the organization

in Cuba, he did not wish to disclose their identity

as long as they remain in peril in Cuba,

- 10: -

TUP SESHE!

MODERTIAG

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SECRET

CONFIDENT

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CURA

RODRIGUEZ stated that the activities of the

organization in Cuba have boon sastricted in recent

months but that they are directed Stickincinatchtaly

toward sabotage efforts which will harass or impede the

continued stability of the CASTRO government.

F. REVOLUTIONARY UNITY

(UR )

AIDRES ALONZO ZAYAS RAZAN, 2185 Southwest

19th Terrace, Miani, Florida, was contacted on December

20, 1951, and advised that he mas the General Coordinator

the UR in Cuba as of thet time and that he a:pected

Ec raturn to Cuba in a clandestine manner in the near

future. ZAYAS stated that the UR is one of the principal

underground organizations

in Cuba, and that it is composed

of between 20 and 25 small organizations.

He said that

the group originally numbered 30 when the UR was formed

In December,

1960, but that sone of those have lost

their identity and are now merely a part of the UR.

he stated that liaison between the individual groups is

neintained by coordinators from each of the groups who

meet in Havana from time to time.

ZAYAS advised that the UR also operates in

coordination with the other important underground

organizations in Cuba such as the DRE, the MR and a

part of the 30th of November Movement.

ZAYAS stated that the 30th of November

Movement in Cuba has been split by internal political

differences, buc that one past of the group continues:

to be active in all provinces of Cuba.

He stated that the MR has also been split

by internal differences which developed after the MRR

=11 -

CONFIDENTIAD

TOP

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CONFIDENIIAL

RE:

CUBIN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

leader,

MANUEL ARTIE, fell into the hands of the CASTRO

forces following the unsuccessful invasion of April 17,

1961. ZAYAS stated that the MR (Cubano) works closely

with the UR.

ZAYAS stated that the IC, which he described

as A pessiva registence groups

aleo hes strenath in all

provinces of Cuba, but is not considered an action group

ZiYAS aövised thes an organization known as

Rescate, which had been totally inactive in Cuba for the

past six months, has begun to show signs of life and a rew

General Coordinator was named for this group on December

18, 1961, la Cuba.

ZAYAS said that this group is still

relatively unimportant in the underground in

Cuba.

ZAYAS advised that all of the underground

organizations in Cuba operate on the basis of individual

with only one man fron each cell knowing the

identities of individuals from anocher cell.

He stated

that this individual, known as a coordinator, will in

turn have contact with another coordinator and in this

way liaison is maintained between cells and between

provinces.

He said that the objective of this type of

organization is to linit the numbes of individuals

which each person knows and thus provide some security

for the group. ZAYAs advised that although this

security measure has been successful to some extent,

a number of Un leaders were arrested and shot in April,

1961, and the organization hes been extremely careful

and has limited its activities since that time.

G. THE 17TH OF APRIL MOVEMENT

On December 20, 1951, DI.. ONAR CASTANEDA

CIFUENTES, 549 Northwest

lst Street, Miami, Florida,

a

former Cuban attorney living in exile in the United States,

who described himself as the

president of the 17th of

- 12 -

CONFIDENTIAO

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CONEDENTAT

RE: CUEAN REBEL ACIIVITIES IN CUBA

April Movement, advised that the recent repressive

measures of the CASTRO regime in Cuba had made it

exceedingly difficult for the underground organizations

to operate successfully and had compelled the 17th

0f April lovement to suspend sabotage and organizational

activities inside Cuba.

II. BEPORDED GUERRI

ACTIVITY

On January 2,

1962,

EDEL MONTIEL, 1400

Southwest 5th Street, Miami,

Ploside, was

interviewed

and advised that he has been in the United States as

am exile fron Cuba since March,

1961. He said that prior

to that time he had operated as a guercilla in the

Escambray Mountains of las Villas Province with OSVALDO

RAMIREZ.

MONTIEL stated chat since his arrival in

Miami, he has been receiving lesters from his wife wha

still

lives in Las Villas Province near the Escambray.

in these letters, by use of a prearranged code,

she has

been furnishing him with sone infornation as to the

status of RAMIRIZ and the ocher guerrilla groups in the

Escambray Mountains.

MONTIDL advised that he had received a letter

about ten days ago in which his wife indicated that the

situation of the guerrilla fighters in the Escambray

is extremely precarious.

Many of the men have no more

then one or two bullets. for their guns while some have

no guns at all. The problem of obtaining adequate food

is becoming more difficult with the presence of greater

numbers of militia in the piains surrounding the Escambray

Mountains.

Because of the shortage of ammunition, the

activity of these men is confined solely to hit

run operations, always with the purpose of obtaining

• 13 .

CONHUENTIAO

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AGRET

CONFIDENTIAL.

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVICIES IN CUBA

some additional arms. and/or anmunition..

These actions

ars not causing any sreat difficulty fos the CASTRO

forces

and in reality are conducted only to permit the

people in the hills to continue their resistence.

Suitable ammunition is the thing most urgently

reeded by these men.

Their prime difficulty is due to

the

fact that many of them have weapons which have a

differenc caliber than the ans being used by the

militia, hence the guerrillas must seize both weapons

and matching ammunition fron the CASTRO forces in order

to strengthen themselves.

The numerical strength of the

militia and the weakness and lack of ammunition on the

part of the guezcillas makes such operations very

hazardous.

MONTIEL pointed out that the southern part

of the Escambray Mountains is less than two miles from

the south coast of Cuba, and is the most accessible

location for the landing of supplies and material needed

by the guerrillas.

MONTIEL stated that his wife has told him

that in and around Trinidad in las Villas Province, there

are many men who have made prepacations to go to the

Escambray at such time as the necessary arms and ammunition

become available.

mere is, however, a collective fear

in the minds of the anti-CASTRo people, and it is

becoming increasingly difficult to organize action

against the government forces when their chances of —

success are so limited.

varzous underground groups

in the cities, as well

as the farmers in the surrounding

territories are helping those in the mountains to some

extent with food, medicine and ammunition when available.

MONTIEL said that the people in Cuba are

hoping that some serious action will be started against

CASTRO by February or March of this year, since they

• 14 -

CONFIDENTIAL

EGRET

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CONFIDENTAL

RE: CUBAN REBEL ACTIVITIES IN CUBA

feel that this is the time that the CASTRO militia would

be most vulnerable.

Due to the sugar harvest starting:

in Esbruary, the militia, who last year were utilized

in this harvest,

will be scattered throughout the sugar

growing area and would not be in as good a posicion to

promptly met an appropriacely placed attack.

In addition,

bridges, roads, electrical plants and other strategic

Installations would probably be less well protected and

more vulnerable.

MONTIEL advised that based on his most

recent information, the forces of OSVALDO RAMIREZ

have-dwindled from a high of some 600 to 800 men,

between 200 and 300.

to

in smaller, individual groups called columns of about

25 to 35 men, but that they maintain contact with each

othes and RAMIrEZ.

Other smallei groups of guarcillas are reportedly

operating in the hills in various areas of Cuba, but

MONTIeL advised that he had had no direct contact with

them.

He said that a man called "CAMPTIO" is allegedly

still in the area near Coralillo in the northwest part

of Los Villas Province.

It is said thas "CAMPITO" is

in dire circumstances and relatively inactive.

MONTIEL also mentioned that a man named "CARA

LINDA" (Pretty lace) is said to be in the hills in pinar

del Rio Frovince with a saall group of man. A man called

"TITE" is said to be in the hills near San Cristobal

in Las Villas Province with a group which is operating

independently of "CARA LINDA".

"TITE" went to the hills

Following the April 17, 1961 invasion and little is

known of him by MONrIEL, but "CARA LINDA" has been

described as

an ex-soldier in the rebel army of FIDEL

CASTRO.

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Mil I-4, a Cuban racional in the Unlted States

=s = political exile, and a person who hed had recent

contact with underground operations in Cuba, advised

on

November 21, 1961, that he was famillar wich the operations

of an anti-CASTRO guerrilla leader operating

in the

Escaubray Houncains known as OSVALDO RAMINEZ. He said

that MuLiD2 had been in the decanosay since conctime

prior to the April 17, 1961, invasion and that he,

hinself, had last talked to RAMIREZ in the Escanbray about

the fisst part of August, 1961.

At that time, RAMIREZ

had 42 men in his own group and i01 2-4 estimated that

there were about 600 men then in the Escambray operating

under the leadership of RAMIREZ, but in independent

smell groups in various locations. iM T-4 said that

RaMIrez, hingelf, noves from group to group with his

men contacting the leaders of these individual groups

to ascertain the various problems with which they

are contending,.

financial essistance he 10 ablo,

attempting to furnish them with what

and in genestl trying

to hold them together.

IM I-4 said that the money to support RAMIREZ

is obtained from the faruers in the areas surrounding the

Escambray and that, in addition, they are supplying

RAMIREZ and his men with what food is available.

MM T-4

stated that all the farmers in the area are anti-CASTRo.

MM T-4 advised that at that tine, RAMIREZ

was not fighting but waiting for help since many of his

men had no more than two or three rounds for their rifles

and the possibility of future action on the part of

RAMIREZ depends on his obraining adequate supplies and

ammunition from the outside.

Regarding OSVALDO RAMIREZ, M T-4 stated

that hs had been a truck driver in Cuba and participated

- 16 -

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RET

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in the revolution to ovartheor the LATIStA regime,

at which time ho bas also fighting in the hills.

served as. & lieutonant in the rebel army of FIDEL CASTRO

bub after the arrest of Conandante HUBERT MATCS, Who was

sespacted by ratirez, laMine? wond to the hills

with three

oz fous frionds to join other anti-CASTRO jorces there.

Ultimatelys other guerrilla fightoss rese wiped out

while Muttz survived and as a result, he has become

somewhat of a legend among the anti-CAstRo Cubans in

According to iM I-4, TAllinez does not have the

Intellectual capacity to be a future leader of state, but

is a fightes, non-policical, and commands the respect of

his man.

Mi 7-4 stated that while he had heard rumors

regarding snall groups of guerrillas operating in the

provinces of Oriente and Pinar del Rio, the group of

OSVALDO RAMIREZ is the only one which he knows to exist.

On November: 20, 1961, HECTOR FEBLES, 785 North-

west 10lst Street, Miani, Florida, a representative of

the in in Miami, advised that he had just received a

communication from a source of the uP in Cube who had

been contacted by a person representing OSVALDO RAMIREZ.

FEBLES stated that according to this information, RAMIREZ

was then in the hills of the iscambray with approximately

800 mer and in dire need of food and ammunition.

said that the person to was second in command to

RAMIREZ had made an attempt to leave Cuba by boat in

early November to obtain help for the group feon the

United States, but that he had been forced to return to

Cuba by bad weather condicions.

- 17 ÷

CONHUENTIAS

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ill.

RITURE OF UNDERGROUNO ACTIVITIES IN

CURA

mentioned,

On Decepber 20, 1951, MORES ZAS, previously

advised that at thac tine, underground activity

tom of harassment or revenge, but with littie over-all

effect on the status of the CASTRO goverrment:

M1 T-5, a Cuban exile who left Cuba on January

2, 1962, advised

on jacuary 3, 1962, thac at this time,

there is almost no underground activity taking place in

Cuba.

She stated that an occasional explosion is heard

2a Havana, but that these are genorally in the nature of

ruicence explosions and chat-no strategic sites have

yet been danaged. IM I-5 said that she did not belong

to any one particular underground group, buc that she

had cooperated with several cells in such ways as hiding

people who were being sought by the government and carsying

messages between groups.

She said that she had been told

by has brother just prior to leaving Cuba that the

people in the hills are starving and without ammunition

for their

Consequently, chsy are inactive at

this tine and remaining in the hills because they

have.

She said that her brother had

recently visited the Escambray area and that this

Inforation had been furnished to him by farmers living

there who have been helping those in the hills:

MM T-5 stated that strong forces of militia

hove been stationed in the area surrounding. Santa Clara

in Las Villas Province and have terrorized ine people.

she staced that her brother told her that 21 men had

been shot without trial on December 21, 1961, in Santa

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Clare and that four mon were shot the ment day.

She

stated chat the presence of the militia has nade it

difficule for the famers to get up to the hills in order

to assist the guerrilias. M I-5 stated that las Villas

Provinces

which has been the contes of guerrilla activity,

has been literally flooded with militia and that the

people in the hills are incotive and merely waiting.

On January S, 1962, 101 T-11, a person who 1s

actively engeged in clandestine oporations in Cuba

directed against the CASTRo segime, und who last returned

fron Cuba on December 25, 1951, advised that rebel

accivity in Cuba is extremely linited.

The fear of

arrest and execution as well as tho lack of equipment

and materials has effectivaly costricted such activity.

Statements circulating

in Miami 'indicating the effectiveness

or the underground forces in Cuba are gross exaggerations

of truch according to iti T-1l.

IV.

AMOUNT OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT POSSESSED

BY UNDERCROUND FORCES

On Decerber 20, 1961, ANDRES ZAYAS, previously

mentioned, advised that the amount of military equipment

possessed by the underground forces is insignificant.

Sone of the people living in the cities have some pistols

and revolvers, but ammunition for them is extremely

The guerrillas in the mountains have some

Thompson subnuchine guns, Garand M-l's, some M-3 carbines

as well as some captured Belgian automatic sifles.

Armunition for these beapons is almost exhausted and

probably no nore than half of the nen have any arms at

• 19 -

TENTIAR

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02 Januazy Ly 1962, Lost, Molter, previously

mentioned,

advisce that the guarrilla forces are fairly

weil arced but lack ammunition.

He stated that when he

was in the Locambray in lacch, 1961, hio group of about

30 some odd man possessed three. Thompson submachine

guns, three or four M-3 carbines, chree or four Carand

rifles and a few miscellaneous weapons that had been

picked up in brushes wich the CASanO nilicia.

MONTIEL

advised that there presently are no more than one-half

of those 30 men still in the Escambray although some

others may have arrived since he left. He estimated

that about one half of the men in the Escambray possess

aris of one kind or another.

Ca November 21, 1961, PM I-4, previously

mentioned, advised that

when he last had contact

with the guerrilla forces in the Docambray in early

August, 1961, about ote half of the men with OSVAIDO

RAMIREZ Were

anned with a variety of weapons such as a

Trompson submachine gun, Carand M-1 rifles, Browning

autonatic pistols and a few Czechoslovakian and Belgian

IM 1-4 said that the ammunition supply of these

men was almost exhausted, however, and he doubts that

they are in much batter shape today.

Regarding underground forces living in the

cities,

in To stated that most of the people

unarmed of if they have arms, they lack ammunition.

Some of them have explosives, but very often they lack

proper detonating devices.

V. AIMS REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNDERGROUND

GROUPS

On Decamber 20, 1961, ANDRES ZAYAS, previously

mentioned, advised that based

on his experience operating

= 20 -

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with the Cuban underground, he would deccribe the dras

requirements of the rebelo as follous:

A. GROUDS OPERATING IN CITIES

1.

•45 autcontics

2. C-3 or C-4 explosives

3.

Detonators

5.

Time fuses

M-3 carbines with silencers or

Inompson submachine guns

6.

Ammunition for the above weapons

7. : Hand Gaenades

B.

GROUPS OPERATING IN RURAL AREAS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Garand M-l rifles

Carbines

30 and 50 caliber machine guns

Bazookas

Hand Grenades

6. Ammunition for the above weapons.

M T-4 advised that the needs of the underground

organizations

in Cuba are generally similar and can be

summarized as followe:

1.

Small boats of about 30 feet with high

powared engines pernitting speeds of 40

to 45 knots, which can be used to provide

a continuous reliable source of supply for

the underground forces at such time as they:

develop a direct line of attack against

strategic sites in Cuba.

2.

Detonators.

According to Mi I-4, "plastic"

for sabotage work is available, but there

is a severe shortage of detonators.

• 21 -

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3.

Indendiary devices.

4. Rifles and ammunicion.

121 I-4 said that the Springleid rifle is

generally considered to be the best rifle lor use by

guerrill fighters in the hills and nountains,

while semi-

automatic or autonstic weapons, such as the M-i rifle

and M-3 machine gun, are more suitable for other types of

military activity.

In addition, the Browning 14 shot

semi-auconatic pistol, waich woes 9 mn ammunition is

considered a valuable weapon for use in the cities.

With reference to the donger of possessing

United States weapons at present in Cuba, the following

information was reported on December 28,

Eyeo is acquainted with some Cuban cabinet members and

1961, by 121 I-12, [C)

numerous officials of the CASTRO goveshment.

He received

this intornation on that same date from a source, described

as reliable, who had just arrived fron Cuba?

MM T-12

has furnished celiable information in che past.

Practically all United States made arms in Cuba

have been retirad from use by the government of Cuba.

There are still in use a numbes of Colts and some

other United Statos nade pistols, bui rifles, machine guns,

mcitars and artillery pieces have all been retired from

active use. One reason for this is that anyone found in

The

revolutionary government has the problen of determining

immediately if troops are their own, invaders, or counter-

revolutionaries.

To minimize the danger of a miscake, the

American arms are being retired,

• 22.

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VI.

IAISON BETWEEN UNOERERCUND GROUPS IN

CUSA WITH UNITED STATES

IN T-2, previously moncioned,

advised on

November 21, 1951, that the DRE in Cuba had no means of

communication with Cuban exiled groups in the United

States and that in fact it was for this reason that he

had personally come to the United States.

BERNARDO LLERENA, previously mentioned,

furnished substantially the same information regarding

conmunication between rebel groups

in Cuba and those in

the United

States

HECTOR FEBLES, previouely mentioned, advised

on November 30,

1951, that personal courier was the only

means of communication existing between the Cuban under-

ground groups in Cube and the Cuban exiles in the united

States.

He related that messages from Cuba are either

sent by moans of triendly fozeign embassy personnel or

are carried by fleeing Cuban exiles:

• 22g-

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VII.

EVALUATIONS OF PRESENT STATUS OF UNDER-

CROULD GROUPS

HECTOR FUBLES, previously mentioned, advised

on Novembes 30, 1961, that based on information which

he has been receiving fron tonisces of his in Cube, it

Is apparent that the underground groups there are generally

not functioning with any coordinated plan..: He said that

some groups were completely wiped ous by the antir

underground measures of che CASTRO regima in April, 1961,

while those that survived vore seriously disosganized.

He said that the leadership which remains in Cuba is

having great difficulty maintaining contact with the

membership cells and that this lack of communication is

causing the deterioration of many groups.

FEBLES advised that as of that time he was

unable to furnish the identities of any of the leaders

of the underground in Cuba.

pertiy due to the fact that arrests and executions

have radically changed the leadership in almost all

of the groups and that furthesnore, he did not feel

free to identify any person continuing to operate in the

underground in Cuba.

the political sympathies of the

underground groups in Cuba, FUBLES Stated that the

Us, of which he was a nember, was composed mainly of

small, non-political osganizations with a tendency

He said that the MRP and the 30th

of November organizations have tendencies toward the

"left" and that many of the members of these groups

would continue to support FIDEL CASTRO if he would

merely seves his ties with the Soviet Union.

FEBLES

nentioned that the MRP has suffered an almost completes,

loss of leadership and ist a serious factor in the

Cuban underground.

- 23

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Anarnermel

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WEBLES advised that the DRE is one group which

has apparently

managed to survive the effects of the

arrests of April,

1951, and that this group is probably

as active as any

in Cuba at this cime.

He stated that

the UR, which is a smalles organization, has been working

in colleboracion with the DRi.

PaBLES stated that an

estimate of the strengch of the un or any of the other

underground groups would be nothing more than a guess

at this time.

In Decenber, 1961,

vt Tro, a Cuban exile

residing in San Juen, Puerto Rico,

made available a letter

received fron his uncle regarding conditions in

Santiago, Grionte Province, Cuba.

In this letter, his

uncle commented that "each day our activities are more

linited."

in each block conccol what food is left in the country

and that anyone not belonging so the Committee is

considared a counterrevolutionasy. The people of Cuba

are living in fear of arrest and execution without trial,

and while a high percentage of the citizens have joined

organizations which are in cpposition to the regime,

"modern airplanes" are needed to fight "these people."

On December 13, 1951, Captain CARLOS TORRES DE

NAVARRA,

2137 Southwest 12ch Street, Miami, Florida, was

interviewed and identified hinself as a Cuban pilot who

had flown for Cubana Airlines fron January,

1935, until

the end of 1958. When FIDEL CASIRO took over-the —

government of Cuba in January, 1959, TORRES lost his

position with the

airlines.

He said that he remained

in Cuba and in 1959 began working with various anti-

CASTRO gEOLOS.

He said that after a number of attempts,

he was able to obtain permission to leave Cuba and

arrived in Miami, Florida, on December 5,

1961.

TORRES

stated that he had been restricted by the CASTRO regime

-24 -

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to inc Provinse of Havona and that he had not become

& nonbes of dry particulas undorground organization,

although he had assisted various groups in such

activitios as tronsporting guns and on one occasion,

succeeded in rescuing a wounded rebel vino was a mamber

of the underground.

struck terzor into the haerts of all anti-Communist

Cubans,

and that they are living in fear of their lives.

He said

executed on the slightest protous and that the activities

of the commitice for the defense of the Revolution

(Vigilance Committee have made it cxceedingly disticult

for she anti-CASTRO underground to operate effectively.

He noted that it is almost impossible to travel, obtain

money, obiain a house or to do snything without being

reported to the CASTRO regime.

He said this has tended

to freeze the Cuban people into a state of inactive

terIor.

It is noted that TORRES described the Committee

for the Defense of the Revolucion as an informal system

which operates effectively throughout the island.

said that this Committee has armed members in practically

every block throughout the Cibyipi Havana,

as well as

in all ocher cities and when a person comes to the

attencion of the Cormittee, he is questioned

concerning

his sources of money, his employment or lack of emptoyment,

his fanily, relatives, frionds and if noving

about, his

means of transportation.

He is also questioned

as

to

where he has been, with whom, and what he has been

doing.

The Committee, without berefit of warrant, may search

his house and

imprison him without filing charges.

Captain TORRES stated that an occasional

explosion can be heard in flavona, and that this and

= 25 =

ine 7150)

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other typos of sabotage activity are conducted

by the anti-CASanO underground

tron tims to time

Havena Provinco.

he said, howaves, that such activites

have not accomplished anything of

significance against the

He said that the work of the underground has

becone increasingly difficult as the program of

repressions and exccutions has been stepped up.

Under-

ground nembers are, in nost instances, afraid to engage

in any estensive operation and they are unable to operate

on a coordinated basis throughout the island.

He said that the anti-cAsano underground is

making no substantial progress waatsoever and it does

not seem that the CASTRO regina can be overthrown by

underground activity from wichin Cuba.

On December 20, 1951, LIO RODRIGUEZ, 5619

North Miami Avenue,

Miani, Florida, Nas contacted

advised that he had

arrived in the United. States on

Septenber 21, 1961, from Santiago, Oriente, Cuba.

RODRIGUEZ said he had lived for many years

in Santiago

family is still there.

Fos this reason,

he does not wish his identity to be divulged outside of

official United States Government circles.

He said that

he had been in the mining business in Sanciago and was

president of the Compania Minora Basica (Basic Mining

Company) of Cuba,

This compeny was, prior to intervention,

a United States owned subsidiary wich headquarters in

Cleveland, Chio.

RODRIGUEZ stated that he, himself, was

a graduate of Yale University.

RODRIGUEZ advised that

based on his personal observations up to the time of his

departure in September, 1951,

as well as on letters

which he has been receiving from his wife since his

departure, it is apparent that the action groups in

Santiago and the surrounding area are relatively

inactive at this time.

RODRIGUEZ stated that most people

operate in gyoups wichout any neme, although there were

also organized groups such as the Ma, che MR and the 30th

:01 Novezbar lovement.

He stated that while the under-

26

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ground gioupe ware well ougendace prior to the April 17,

1961 invasion,

they have been badly danaged and

a stata of dicintogration at this tica. He said that

fear is strong and necessary equipment and supplies are

lacking, so that it is the general attitude of the

people in Santiago to wait for outside assistance,

Ca December 29, 1961, iN1 I-7, a Cuban exile

with nunerous contacts among the Cuban population in Mieni,

and who is associated with an anti-CASTRO organization in

Miami, advised that ha has had sevoral recent communications

with Cuba.

Re stated that these reports have indicated

that sabotage activity by the underground in Cuba has

decreased in racent months due to the cutreme measures

being imposed by the govermment and also due to the lack

of material.

Mi T-7 said that he had recently been informed

that oves 100 persons have been killed of executed during

the last two weeks of Corestaus by militia forces led

These cucutions occurred in the Province

of Las Villás and vare designed to reduce anti-CASIRO

activities in that province through the use of fear.

Persons killed were not necessarily active rebels, but

were passons suspacted or accused of anti-CASTRO

activity.

M1 T-T stated that the people of the underground

In Cuba,

while hopeful that CASIRO will rolas enough to

permit them to recune activity, are mainly waiting for

some assistance from the United States,

MM I-8, an American citizen of Cuban encestry,

who has been contacting Cuban euilos in the Miami area

to determine the actual status of the underground groups

in Cuba, advised

on January 4, 1902, that based on his

discussions with a number of individuals who have recently

arrived fron Cuba, the underground thera is disorganized

- 27 ÷

SECREA

SONFOENMAC

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to the point that it no longer exists

as a serious factor.

He said that che exiles now arriving in Miami who were

connected with underground organizations or activities

are generally pessimistic as to the possibilities for

any effective work on the part of the underground.

They

have told him that what action is taking place in Cuba

today is the result of the efforta ci independent groups

working without coordination and with as little contact

as possibie wich other groups in order to provide the

best security.

He has been told that the situation has

deteriorated to the point that some underground groups

are even fighting smong themselves.

MM T-3 said that thore is apparently almost

no concest between, groups in Cuba dad those in Miemi

noted that the Miami exiled groups vill all take

credit for a rumored act of sabocoge richout any

specific infomation that thais countorparts in Cuba

were responsible.

The police stute methods used by the

Cuban govement have been effective and the block by

block coverage of the Vigilance Cormittees has left

people living in a stace of constant fear, unilling to

jeopardize their lives for what seema to be a hopeless

cause.

MM T-8 stated that he has learned that the

problems involved in arranging & meeting

between under-

around groups have becone so difficult tnat duzing the

Iasy several nonths such meetings have been abandoned.

MMI-8 stated that in his most recent

conversations with incoming exiles, it has been Indicated

to hin shat the DRE, a Catholic youth group, offers the

best possibility for the development of an effective

undesground organization. It also appears that the

Province of Pinar del Rio is becoming a focal point for

undorgsound activity in contrast wich the past when

this province was gonerally the least active.

He stated

thas people hove mentioned to him that there

is some

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guerrilla activity in the Escambscy Mountains, but that

no ons connected with

the underground in Cuba

considers

these forces to ba a serious threat to the CASTRO regina.

On January 4, 1952,

DOT T-9, a Cuban exile

raiding in Miami, who has numerous

contacts with Cuban

exiles in the area and who has furnished reliable

infornation in the past, adviced that he had received an

unsigned latter from Cuba on December 29,

1961, which

letter was in the handwriting of his mocher, who is

presently reciding in Havans.

In this letter it was

ssaced chat any unusual novenant by a passon in Havana

is almost certain to result in that person being reported

to the Cuban G-2 authorities by a member of the Vigilance

Committes for the block in which that person lives.

According to this letter, the effectiveness of this method

of control of the population has improved as the

economic life of the city has declined.

The members of

the Vigilance Committee receive extra food and privileges

ass remard for their services and frequently will denounes

innocent people to furcher their own position. As a

resuls, problens of the underground groups with regard

to

the maintenance of some semblance of ozganization have

been seriously hampered.

The writor stated that it was

the general impression that the underground people in

Havens are presently operating in independent groups and

with little contact with formal organizations.

Consequently, there is no coordinated plan and people

act on a day to day basio, afraid to contact anyone

one pop lo

outside their own circle wo might be of questionable

reliability.

On January 10, 1962, MM I-I, a Cuban national

who arzived in Miami,

Florida, ard clained political

exile on January 6, 1952, advised that he had been active

in the underground in Cuba as a member of the Dre in

the City of Havara up until the time of his departure.

- 29 -

CONFDENTIA!

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He stated that then he loft Cuba, the activities of the i

undersround vere vary limised..

No adviced that there are

no acts of sabotage being perforaod in Havana and that the

noise of explosions which were previously frequent are

no longer being heard.

M1 I-10 advisad that the

activity of the DRE in Havana is confined to the

preparation

and distribution of à few propaganda leaflets and that he,

hinsali, had been assisting in the typing of such

leaflets. Ochorrise, underground operations in Havana

are at & complete standstill.

PROPERTY OF TBI - This memorandum is loaned to

you by che FbI, and neicher it nor its contents are to be

distriluced oucside che agency to which loaned.

• 30%

MANTIDENTIAD

SCORET

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