## Page 1

2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS

ACT OF 1992'

SEIDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM

UNCLASSIFIED

"CONFIDENTIAL "

SECRET

OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP

TO

1

3

NAME AND ADDRESS

Lou Dube, DOO/PIAG

19-4127-4098

HT-L

DATE

INITIALS

5

ACTION

APPROVAL

COMMENT

CONCURRENCE

DIRECT REPLY

DISPATCH

FILE

INFORMATION

PREPARE REPLY

RECOMMENDATION

RETURN

SIGNATURE

Remarks:

The first time the Burau

Dent these, they combined

King-Day does with

Kennedy assassination deep

FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER

FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.

Karen l'

57015

INCLASSIFIE

CONFIDENTIAL

Fore ya 237 Use previous editions

Tay are.

113

SECRET

(40

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## Page 2

13-00000

1. 'INCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional) :

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

76-382

FROM

0/DDO/FIO

WEISBERG ReQust,

opslodis

18 JUNE

SUSPENSE DATE

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

T. OPS/TTG

cor

ATTN: Mary Moran

Tube ES-2

18 MIN 1976

2.

BK

aldus

att

3.

#

4.

27/1

5.

.

C/OPS/ITG

2 JUL 1978

JFK-

needito

Copy some ½

slips that

are in here as

It poo for some

7.

8.

9. DDO/FIO atts Annette

tube: CT-5, 2B1415

10.

/ No record of subject

/ / No info identifiable

with subject

11.

12.

X See attached memorandum

Pat I; I

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

•ORM 3749

-75

0p .12

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLA

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## Page 3

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

8 7 JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO

SUBJECT:

REFERENCE:

Weisberg Request (Martin Luther King, Jr.)

Part I

76-F-382

1.

This office maintains a three volume sensitive

(unofficial) file on the Subject.

We no longer maintain

201 file (201-760966); Dr. King's files and documents

were closed out on 6 November 1974 and forwarded to IP

A further check of other records

in this office revealed the following information relevant

While a large number of documents are

available which mention King, the majority are dated after

his death and in some way are related to world reaction to

his assassination which was on 4 April 1968, prior to the

implementation of the MHCHAOS program, 4 July 1968.

a .

The following overt items (excerpts from books

published) are considered releasable to the requestor.

There are no exemptions.

Black Power/White Resistance,

(EX-3283) by Fred Powledge; The Negro Revolt, (EX-3267)

by Louis E. Lomax; Ghetto

Rebellion to Black Liberation,

(EX-3212) by Claude M. Lightfoot; Is Anybody Listening

to Black America, (EX-3573) by C. Eric Lincoln; Martin

Luther. King, Jr.

(EX-3670) by William Robert Miller;

SNCC - The New Abolitionists, (EX-2108) by Howard Zinn;

The Black Muslims in America,

Lincoln; Negro and Jew, (EX-3573) by Shloma Katz;

Chronicles of Black Protest, (EX-3439) by Dr. C.

Eric

(EX-3669), by Albert B.

Cleage, Jr.; Black Power and White Protestants:

(EX-3211),

by Joseph C. Hough, Jr.; The Negro Mood, (EX-2127) by

Lerome Bennett, Jr.; Black Man's Burden, (EX-3571) by

John Oliver Killens; When Negros March, (EX-3577) by

Doc's

1-23

CONFIDENTIAL

2 IMPDET CL BY D58723

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## Page 4

13-00000

• CONFIDENTIAL

Herbert Garfinkel; Black Man's America, (Ex-3208) by

Simeon Booker: Staff Study by The Committee on Internal

Security, (EX-4866) dated 1970; Testimony of Gerald

the Judiciary,

Criminal Disorders, Hearings before the Sub-Committee

on Investigations,

(EX-2169) June 20 and 21, 1968;

Tay ev, a 1s67, The kore Cousin a 3 Px1o).

(Ex-3535), 9 October 1968; National

May-June 1967; The New World of Negro Americans,

(EX-3571) by Harold R. Isaacs.

b. The following overt items which mention the

Subject and/or his activities are not available in this

office.

Washington Star, dated 14 August 1968

Washington Star, dated 4 February 1969

Washington Star, dated & May 1968

Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968

Washington Star, dated 20 January 1969

Washington Star, dated 10 November 1968

Washington Star, dated 29 March 1969

Soul Newspaper (EX-3653), 1 December 1969

New York Times

dated 13 April 1967

New York Times, dated

18 August 1968

New York Times, dated

5 October 1969

Time, dated 12 April 1968

Liberation News, dated November 1967

Committee Newsletter, dated May 1967

sepia (pg. 00) (EX-3592), Vecember 1909-destroyed

Jet Magazine (pg. 17) (EX-3594), 7 August 1967-

destroyed

The Black Panther (pg. 10) dated 1969

Washington Post, dated 1 September 1967

Washington Post, dated

15 November 1968

Washington Post, dated

28 June 1908

Washington Post, dated 26 May 1968\

Washington Post, dated 24 December 1968

2

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 5

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

Washington Post, dated 14 December 1968

Washington Post,

dated 19 November 1968

Washington Post,

dated 22 September 1968

Washington Post, dated 17 August 1968

Washington Past, dated 29 March 1968

Washington Post, dated 20 March 1968

Washington Post,

dated 24 May 1968

Washington Post,

dated 17 November 1968

Washington Post,

dated 5 April 1968

Washington Post, dated 12 May. 1968

Washington Post,

dated 1 April 1968

Washington Post, dated 14 March 1969

The following overt items pertaining to the

Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. are

releasable to the requestor.

There are

no exemptions.

Look, 15 April 1969; Washington Star, 24 April 1968;

12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969; 20 March

1969; 23 March 1969; 24 March 1969; 1 April 1969;

2 April 1969; 4 April 1969; 13 April 1969; 24 April

1969; 27 May

1969; 16 July 1969; 31 May 1969; New

York Times,

10 March 1969; 7 March 1969; 8 March 1969;

14 March 1969; 16 April 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;

26 May 1969; 1 June 1969; UPI-108, 3 January 1969;

Washington Post, 3 January 1969; 18 January 1969;

28 January 1969; 31 January 1969; 8 February 1969;

8 March 1969; 11 March 1969; Tass International Service,.

11 March 1969; Daily World, 12 March 1969; Washington

Post, 12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969;

18 March 1969; 20 March 1969; 22 March 1969; 23 March

1969; 26 March 1969; 8 April 1969; 12 April 1969;

Item

from News Dispatches, 1969; The Sunday Star, 16

March 1969; Item from Associated Press, 8 April 1969;

Associated Press, 14 June 1969; Associated Press item,

13 May 1969; Associated Press item, 14 May 1909;

Washington Post, 21 May 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969;

27 May 1969; 26 May 1969; 25 May 1969; 16 July 1969;

30 May 1969; 16 March 1969; 27 June 1969; 20 June 1969;

26 June 1969; Washington Star; 4 May 1968; Washington

Star, 29 May 1968; Time, 13 September 1968; Washington

Post, 19 September 1968; Chicago Daily News Service,

undated; Washington Star, 18 September 1968; Washington

125-347.

Star, 23 September 1968; Los Angeles Times, 7 August 1968;

Dogs 24-151

See separate lict from OPS/ITG-abdue is

notacuate

3

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 6

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

Washington Post, 16 August 1968; Washington Star,

6 July 1968; Reuters, London, 6 July 1968; washington

Post, 22 July 1968; Time, 26 July 1968; Washington

1 Post, 14 April 1968;

Nashington Post, 16 April 1968; Delta Democrat

Times, 16 April

1968; Washington Star, 17 April 1968;

Washington Star, 18 April 1968; Washington Star, 19

April 1968; undated item; undated item; Washington

Reuters, 16 July 1968; Associated Press, 9 July 1968;

16 July 1968; Reuters, 16 July 1968; Reuters, 9 July

1968; UP1-122, 9 July 1968; UPI-48, 10 July 1968;

UP1-129, 15 July 1968; UP1-48, 12 July 1968; Associated

Press,

17 July 1968; Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated

Press,

2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; London, < July

1968; UPI-30, 2 July 1968; Reuters, 8 July 1968;

JP1-21A, 2 July 1968; UPI-125, 2 July 1968; London,

2 July 1968; London,

2 July 1968; Associated Press,

2 July 1968; UPI-8, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968;

London, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; Reuters,

undated, Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 18

July 1968; London, 18 July 1968; Reuters, 18 July 1968;

Associated Press, 18 July 1968; Associated Press,

18 July. 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 17

1968; London, 17 July

1968 Sure 136% Reuters,

1968; Reuters, undated; London, undated; Associated

Press, July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Associated

Press, 17 July 1968.

d. The following documents are releasable in

sanitized form to the requestor under the provisions

of the Freedom of Information Act.

Excised portions

are exempt as noted. OIRT-06733, 23 September 1964,

exempt under (b) (3) (a); (b)(3) (b); OIRT-06733, 16

CSCI-315/02051-64, exempt under (b) (3)(a); (b) (3)(b);

S-20, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b) (3) (a),

UWCA-3510, 11 October 1967, exempt under (b) (3)(a),

4

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 7

13-00000

• CONFIDENTIAL

26 February 1968, exempt under (b) (6); EX-895, 7

March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston-4004,

6 April 1968, exempt under

(b) (3) (a), (b) (3)(b),

(b) (1)5(B) (1); Mexico City-5143,

7 April 1968,

exempt under

(b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b); Tokyo-9443

be 8053 , 10, pair Long exempt der 8) 83(3; Rui

(6) (3) (b), (b) (6) ;Mexic0-5188, 10 Apri 1968, exmpt

under (b) (3) (b); JMWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt

under (b) (3)(b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt

under (b) (3)(b),

(b) (6) ; Đir=92664, 18 April 1968, Ray

nstocord

under (b) (3) (b); RL-188, 13 November 1968 (b) (3) (a);

B-2628, 21 May

1971, (b) (3)(a),

( (3)(b),

Budapest-017, 19 May 1971, (b) (3) (b), (b) (6); Ex-8726 - nota

27 September 1971, exempt under (b) (3) (b), (b) (6);

record

Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).

e.

The following Top Secret (SI) documents

which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in

OPS/ITG (SI) vault:

3/0/00X/T 68 68

3/0/Q0F/T151-67

3/0/00X/1-58-68

370/60U1/1209-08

-3/0/GOUT/T88-09

3/0/COUT/T92 69

3/0/Q0Y/T57-67

3/0/COUT/+415-69

3/0/Q0F/T95-67

3/0/Q0F/T106-67

3/0/60UT/T17769

2.

The following documents are exempt from release;

exemptions are as cited.

5

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 8

13-00000

• CONFIDENTIAL

63

64

65

370

Cables:

(a) Kingston-4,05, dated & April 1968; according

to (RUABBE/1) a Jamarcan

service four groups are trying

to get demonstrations going against the Amembassy, but

without success; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1)•

(b) Bogota-0654, dated 10 April 1968; (GISOY/GIJAY)

unit intercepted propaganda items from Cuban mall pouch.

Disclosure to the requestor would identify a clandestine

method of the station for obtaining information; exempt

under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(c)

Mexico City-5210, dated 15 April 1968; Para.

of this cable mentions an intercepted letter addressed to

President Johnson protesting the King assassination.

(LITEMPO/12) a member of a Mexican service provided the

information; exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1)•

(d) Mexico City-5249, dated 17 April 1968; the

Legal Attache provided composite photos of suspect in

connection with King assassination and asked for check

of visitors to Soviet and Cuban embassies; exempt

under (b) (3) (a).

(e) Bogota-0703, dated 20 April 1968 (GISOY)

surveillance team followed an American National with

a striking resemblance to Galt, exempt under (b) (3) (a)

and (b) (6)•

(f)

forman's arrival in Paris,

the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(g)

Nairobi-3000, dated 14 June 1968; source

(TGFLER/1) stated he had an interview with

Robert F.

Williams

Incidental reference to the Subject; exempt

under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(h) Director-48988, dated 7 November 1968;

concerns a RiChard George Perrin, incidental reference

to the subject in a record pertaining to another subject

and should not be considered a document responsive to

the requestor; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

6

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 9

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

67

, 68.

69

(i) Addis Ababa-127, dated 18 August 1971;

source (JEPYX-1) entertained Hosea Williams in his

home during latter's visit to Ethiopia.

Incidental

reference to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3)(a)

and (b) (6).

Dispatches; uFQT-/ 6828, 15 que b6-OS Referral

bI(OGAL

(a) OELA-48626, dated 19 January 1968; forwards

a memorandum prepared by (Rufus F. Rodigast) which deal.

with MHALPHA-related individuals; incidental reference

to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3) (a) and (b) (6).

(b) FJTA-53902, dated 29 January 1968; forwards

a pamphlet (which also contains an article mentioning

Dr. King's name)

from BEHEIREN Has. in Tokyo, obtained

by (POFRAGRANCE) a unilateral source still active and

sensitive; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

(c) OEPA-982, dated 15 March 1968; forwards a

opy of recent correspondence between (QRPHONE/1) an

(QRPEONY/ 1) •

Incidental reference to the subject

exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

(d) OEPA-1058, dated 17 April 1968; contains

operational information submitted by the Station

concerning (RODIGAST); contains an incidental mention

of the name Dr. Martin Luther King; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6) .

OEPA-1097, dated 29 April 1968; is a report

by

(RODIGAST) on SNCC activities in Paris in the aftermath

of the Dr. King assassination; exempt under (b)(3)(a)

and (b) (6).

(f) HMMA- 34688, dated 20 May 1968; contains items

from (LIBIGHT/LIMUD) a sensitive teletap and mail intercept

operation coverage; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

FJTA-54934,

dated 31 July 1968; Americans

Invited to Leftist Conference in Japan.

(POFRAGRANCE/ 1)

a unilateral source still active and sensitive provided

the information; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

An extensive search has failed to locate the

attachment for this document. The covering dispatch

makes no mention of Dr. King or his assassination.

7

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 10

13-00000

70

CONFIDENTIAL

(h)

OCOA-13493, dated 27 September 1968; 1s a

report forwarded by (SMABOVE) a Canadian service;

exempt under (b) (1)(5)B(1).•

(i) OELA-51949, dated 10 February 1970; (JAGUAR)

a British service forwarded press clippings (they

contained an incidental mention of the name Dr.

by or about a Jonathan Power; exempt under (b)(1)es)B(1).

(j)

FZWA-2412, dated 8 September 1970; Subject:

Activities of Andrew Pulley in New Zealand; contain

an incidental mention of the name Dr. King; (MLDUST)

a New Zealand servvice provided the information;

exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1)•

(K) ANLA-4097, dated 16 December 1970; concerns

a memorandum passed to (KRHOLLY) a Nigerian security

the MHCHAOS group who were destined for Africa; contain

under (b) (3) (a) •

(1) OCOA-17031, dated 27 June 1972; (SMABOVE)

a Canadian service provided a report on

the Day of

African Solidarity; exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1) •

Memoranda:

(a) EX-1239, dated 22 August 1967; 15 a Biographic

Summary on Kunstler, William Moses

incidental refeince

to the Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (2) and (b) (6).

(b) Memorandum S-13, dated 5 October 1967;

Subject:

Views of the Reverend Daniel Mallette on

the Black Militant Situation in Chicago; incidental

reference to the Subject; the information was obtained

by QRPHONE/1, a sensitive unilatera, source in a personal

interview with Father Mallette; exempt under (b) (3) (a)

and (b) (6)•

(c). B-55, dated 8 February 1968; Black Nationalist

Writers in Paris; incidental reference to the subject;

exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6)

8

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 11

13-00000

772

7

74

CONFIDENTIAL

(d) B-75, dated 9 April 1968; Subject: Attempted

Anti U.S.-Demonstrations in Kingston, according to the

Special Branch of the Jamaican security service; exempt

under (b) (1) (5)B(1) •

e . Memorandum,

West Berlin on 1 May. Incidental referenc to the

Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (al and (b) (6).

(1) EX-1623, (rewritten) dated 17 April 1968;

subject: Biographic Summary on Hayden, Thomas Emmett,

incidental reference to the Subjegt; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(g) B-88, dated 18 April 1968; FBI provided ou

representative

in Mexico with composite photos of

suspected killer; exempt under (b) (3)(a).

(h) B-89, dated 22 April 1968; Subject: Radio

Messages for Stokely Carmichael during April 1968

riots in Washington, D.C.

Incidental reference to the

Subject; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

(i) B-92, dated 23 April 1968; Subject: Arrival

of James Rufus

Forman in Paris, incidental reference to

the Subject; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

come the gile no a not a pornor 5 onical

with FBI's suspect; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(k)

EX-1183 (rewrite of 19 July 1967), dated

26 April 1968; is a Biographic

Sketch of Howard Zinn,

incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(1) EX-1490, dated 14 June 1968; is a Biographic

she subject ex mpt

Summary on Mark William Rudd; incidental reference to

Subject; exempt under (b) (3) (a)land (b)(6).

Summary on 3-mans da be Lem ex neidea Biographic

reference to the Subject; exempt under fb) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

9

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 12

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

75

76

(n) B-191, dated 9 October 1968; Subject:

Jamaican Special Branch Report - Jamaica/ United

States Black Power Ties; exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1).

(0) B-308, dated 17 February 1969; Subject:

Bahamas/United States Black Power Ties; report of

(P)79B-618, dated & September 1969; Subject:

World Council of Peace planned delegates to Paris;

a sensitive reliable source revealed a Clarence

Fielden Jones as being in contact with Martin Luther

King; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

(9) EX-9272, dated 21 November 1972; is a summary

about Ralph Henry, incidental reference to the Subject;

exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

(r) EX-10198, dated 29 May 1972, concerns

VB#5 and miscellaneous comments by (MHRUPEE);

incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under

(b) (3) (a) and (b) (6) •

GSCI-1763, dated 14 May 1968 (201-760966);

318 this file has been closed. - Record on Ray

3.

Thirty FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or

his activities. Excluded under 1900.3(g) (4). See Attachment I.

The cited documents are available in this office

if needed.

Lots engan

Chief, Internationl Terrorism Group

Attachment: a/s

10

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 13

13-00000

.....". '1

it:"

TRANSMITTAL SLIP :

- DẠTE,

TO:

OPS/ ITG

ROOM NO.

BUILDING

REMARKS

Pls note which of the si docs.

mention Mrs. King only..

ХХХХХИНДКАХНХ

Is NSA: the orginating agency.

for all of these?

Jes

Xon Dr. King

FROMFelton

ROOM NO.

FORM NO. 241

DDO/PIC

BUILDING

REPLACES FORM 36-8

WHICH MAY BE USED.

HT-I

EXTENSION

1644

(47)

---

## Page 14

13-00000

si

:.""

• February 1968, exempt under (b) (6); EX-895, 7

March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston-4004,

6 April 1968,

exempt under (b) (3)(a), (b) (3) (b),

(b) (1)5(B)(1); Mexico City-5143,

7 April 1968,

exempt under

(b) (3) (a), (b) (3) (b); 1okyo-9443,

10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3)(a), (b) (3) (b);

Dir-90530, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3)(a),

(b) (3) (b), (b) (6); Mexico-5188, 10 April 1968, exempt

(b) (3) (b); JMWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt

(b) (3) (b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt

(b) (3) (b)

(b)(6); Dir-92664, 18 April 1968,

exempt under (b) (3) (b), (b) (6); Memo draft, dated

26 April 1968, exempt under (b) (3)(a) (if USIB. concurs);

THHT-6444, 7 May_1968, exempt under (b) (3) (a),

(b) (6);

Stockholm-9024, 7 June 1968, exempt under (b) (3)(a),

(b) (3) (b), (b) (6); B-173, 19 September 1968, exempt

'(b) (3) (b); RL-188,

13 November 1968,

(b) (3) (a);

B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b) (3) (a),

(b) (3) (b),

27 September 1971, exempt under (b) (3) (b), (b) (6);

Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b) (3) (b).

The following Top Secret (SI) documents

which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in

OPS/ITG (SI) vault:

310/00Y/7-6868

3/0/Q0F/T151-67*

3/0/QOY/T-58-68*

-396901 125968

- 3/0/GOUT/T88-69

- 3/0/GOUT 192-69

3/0/Q0Y/T57-67*

-3/0/GOUT/T713-69

3/0/QOF/T95-67 *

3/0/00F/T106-67*

- 3/0/GOUT/T177-69

The 'following

documents

are

exempt from

release;

exemptions are as cited.

5

SUN DENTIAL

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## Page 15

13-00000

DIRT - 6733139064

11, 6?

62,1533

CSc1.

136701051-64, 30 Mu-b4

b1, 02, 13.

Meru, 50276)

Meno, 50et6?

D1, 13, 106

UW.CA-3510,1O0t67

11, 62,63,b1

MeNino, 5004.67

b1, b3,6%

WAVE, 26 Fe668

b1, 63

Georget, 5024, 26 FelES

Marie- 895, 7 Marl8

Mexi 7 Aires

Tolis de Apito

48G1, 1A99168

NAVE, 2AM68

m 15/412148

Aver Draft, 26 Aprtt

63, b6

: Di (CGA1), 63, 16

614953

b1, 43

01,63

11, 13,61

i1, b3

p1, b2,53

D1, 12, 63

61, 02,63

b1, b3..

b1, 63.b6

$1, 63,66

Merno 19 Sep kf

Aterro 13 Nou 68

Tos Buda, 19 MayTI

Meme, ai May-

Mervi, 28N04-75

nat vendbi, b 3,62

Li

161,63,56

b1, b3.

b1, 63

61,63,66

61, 63, 6.6

b1b3

---

## Page 16

13-00000

PANA COISO

Count

Release

d81

= 450

4FGA-29872, 11 Api18

HDCA 7012, 8AMIES

- QUOA - 19623, 30 Man 66

@ 541-316182051-64, 301o64

OIRT- 6783,17N8464

019T- 6733, 20 Qct6y

61,73

bl, 62,63

b1, b2, b3

11, 62,03.

61, 62,63.

bl, b2, b3

---

## Page 17

13-00000

141 pug

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

Para C:

I cannot match the documents with the list you provided.

Please arrange the articles

chronologically and number. them

lightly in pencil to correspond with numbers in a

memo (see

attached Memo from the DDA, 26 March 76, para bir.

It would be

useful if you would use that format for all your memos, as the

way you have done it is very hard to follow without making errors.

Also clipped documents have parts out off of them or are almost

unreadable. Can you provide better copies?.

Para D:

I First document is a report whose number should be left in. pls

provide another resanitized copy.

2 Please delete dissemination controls in your sanitizations; other-

wise we

just have to do them over. Also classification was left

on one doucment. See döxt clips.

3 Please provide sanitized Ist a page of EX-895, 7 Mar & 68.

4. Please delete cite numbers from incoming cables.

Many thanks.

Mary seltor

X164Y DDO PIC

- .

---

## Page 18

13-00000

PART II

• UNCLASSIFIED

SUBJECT: ¡Optional!

NTERNAL

VISE ONLY.

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST

NUMBER

18-392.

FROM

eter MARY

0/DDO/FIO

TO: ¡Officer designerion, room number, and

building)

DATE

TOPS/ITG

ATIN: Mary boran

Comerse

RECEIVED

Tube ES-2

FORWARDED

-18 JUN 1976

3.

4.

pit

5.

6.

EXTENSION

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

DATE SENT

18 JUNE

SUSPENSE JATE

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Drom a line across column after each comment.y

Att

#

C/OPS/ITG

2, 7 JUL

1976

8.

9.

10.

DDO/FIO att: Annette

tubes CT-5, 2B1415

I No record of subject

/ No info identifiable

with subject

I See attached memorandum

bart I CI

Y HANDLING

FOIA REQUEST

---

## Page 19

13-00000

1976

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

MARtIN LutheR KING (WEISBERG REQUEST)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUES ENUMBER

76-382

FROM:

#ter MARI

0/DDO/ F10

CT - 5

EXTENSION

9415

DATE SENT

18 JUNE

SUSPENSE DATE

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

o whom.

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

el Staff

Atthi

2C29

22 July 1976

DDO/PIC:

Please see attached comments.

CI/EXO

22 JUL 1976

4.

CI/PA (Graves)

231576

Not a RecorD

7.

8.

9.

1o.

11.

12.

DDO/FIO Attn: Annette

Tube: CT-5, 2B1415

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORS 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

/ No record of subject

/_/ No info identifiable

with subject

• See attached menes

FOIA REQUEST

NTERNAI

ISE ONLI

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 20

13-00000

Administrative - Internal Use Only

22 July 1976

DDO/PIC

Re: Martin Luther King

(Request #F-76-382)

In response to this request, CI Staff has no records with the

exception of one document, prepared in the Office of Security:

Memorandum for the Record, dated 1 July 1968,

Subject: King, Coretta Scott (#547 487) •

A copy is attached for referral.

orn Picke

CI/PA

Attachment:

Referral Document,

As Above

Administrative = Internal Use Only®

---

## Page 21

13-00000

15.7.68

i July 1968

MEMORANDUM FOR

: The Record

FROM

•SUBJECT

:

M. D. Stevens

KING, Coretta Scott

#541 487

AKA: Mrs. Martin Iuther KING

nee:

Coretta SCOTT

Sivalve

to in an fBi report

indicates that on Y September 1952 ABELL, the Subject of a

"Security

Matter-C" type investigation, communicated with C: SCOTT, Route 1,

Box 158, Heiberger, Mlabana, which address was Idontified as the resi

dence of Coretta SCOTT. According to the postmaster at Heiberger,

(In 19547), Coretta SCOTT was then attending the New England Conservatory

of Music.

(See attachment A) Mrs. Coretta Scott KING is said to have

attended this Conservatory and while there to have met her future

husband. (See attachment B)

2.

Alfreda ABELL, who was a clerk in the UN Secretarlat.

from 1947 until 6/30/52 when her employment was terminated for security

reasons, was said in the New York Times on 2 January 1953 to be one of

25 former employees of the UN ousted as one believed to be a communist

or under communist discipline.

While employed in the UN, ABELL was

reportedly active on behalf of the Pro-Communist group of the UN Staff

Committee and was friendly with, and actively participated in giving

a party in October 1951 to honor, four persons who had been dismissad

by the UN for security reasons.

(ie: Jeanne PICOU, identified as a

member of the French Communist Party; Mary Jane KEENEY, a CP member

active in the Communist Party underground during the late 3Q's-early

40's; Benedict Soloman ALPER, also reported to be a CP member; and

Rajah HOWRANI, who was reportedly a Communist Party member and had

raceived training in the Soviet Union.

The individual said to be responsi

ble for ABELi's employment in the UN, and to have been her supervisor

there at one time, was Adam TARN, a Polish citizen said to be a Communist

Party member. According to the FBI report on ABELL, she registered with

the American

Labor Party when voting in 1949 and 1952; subscribed to

the National Guardian; and attended a W.E.B. Dubois testimonial dinner

In February 1951, to which she took Helen KAGAN as her guest.

4314.

GROUP 1

-1-

Excluded from sulomatis

CUTO PROSER; 18. WAT

downgrading and

declassification.

3401

"it careal toh to he used who cheek with org

---

## Page 22

13-00000

3:

ABELI and Helen KAGAN, who also was terminated at the UN

Secretariat for security reasons,

were reported in October 1952 to

ipequently return to the UN premises where they were said to oftan

on soen in its corridors conversing with certain Russians and alleged

According to a conficential FBI informant, ABELL in

March 1952 nade a check payable to KAGAN in the amount of $150, and

KACAN had made checks payaule to ABEli on a numer of occasions.

Helen KAGAN is Helen KAGAN-POZNER, AKA: Elena Aleksandrovna Wilga, etc.,

#348 486, who is suspected of having long engaged in Soviet intelligence

activities. Her brother, Vladimir A. POZNER, is an 1de, fified KGB

otricar and her cousin, Vladimir Wolf POZNER, is a know. ember of the

French Communist Party and is suspected of involvement in Soviet

intelligence.

Her long-time consort, Peter WILGA, a leading figure

in the CPUSA, was also suspected of Soviet intelligence connections.

Helen KAGAN-POZINER WILGA is of continuing interest to the FBI and

to SRS.

4.

At a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hearing in

New York City in late 1952, Alfreda ABILL refused on grounds of self-

incrimination to say whether she was then or ever had been a communist,

whether she

tried to organize UN workers, or whether since leaving the

UN in the Summer of 1952 she had revisited UN headquarters in the role

of a communist organizer.

The FBI continued to have an interest in

ABELL, until at least December 1961, the date of an FBI réport in her

file.

The postnaster at Heiberger, Alabama in advising regarding.

Coretta SCOTT, as stated above, commented that she had in, the past sung

on the same program with Paul ROBESON at ROBESON's personal invitation.

(Louis BUDENZ has stated that prior to his, (BUDENz), defection Irom

the Communist Party in 1945, he knew Paul ROBESON as a secret member

of the Communist Party.)

tu. D. Stecus

-2-

150053

GROUP 1

Excluded from automatic

downgrading and

dorienciliation

---

## Page 23

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

" INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

FOIA REQUEST

OT

Opi

Ro Martin Luther kang, dn Harold Heisbers

1676938

iPS:

vorris

TXIN SION

DATE

7486

17 duge

24 duge

170

lon, room number and

COMA

ECEIVED

DO PIO

1 Amber

do handail

GX-2

pils relay

Act ion

3 OS/IRC

E. R. Duffy

Action

CRS//

ETO

C. No Rice

FELTON MARY

DDO/PIC

EXT: 1644

HR - 580 r

104127

TUBE HTI

SECRET

EZ IMPDET GL BY 004108

8.

Bateh Fle- 16/

9.

H. Ge Bean

10.

11.

DDI/FIO

20-6104

Ta: Co Lawler

12.

RETURN TOS

Action

FYI

FYI

FYI

IPS

Vorhis

2E-50

OPS/ 109

1/8-52 hrs.

P. Cochian.

per:

3 Aug 76

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST

FORM 3749

1 - 75

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 24

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST!

SUBJECT: (Optional)

B1965

REQUEST NUMBER

Re Martin Luther King, Jr. - Harold Weisberg

F-76-382

now peggames Earl Lay

+ 69-12-773-70-7141

17 June 76

IPS

Vorhis

7486

SUSPENSE DATE

24 June 76

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom: Draw a line across column after each comment.)

DDO/PIC

F. C. Randall

HT -1 Amber; GX-2 pls relay

2.

DCD

3.

OS/IRG

4.

CRS/FIO

25-60

_E. R. Dufly

6-21-76

p. M.

Co He Rice

which is pestineat

€

to the pebrisionso

Action

exemptions (66) 0621

.. -

FELTON MARY

DDO/PIC

EXT. 1614

HR -580

104127

TUBE HT1

FYI

SECRET

E2 IMPDET CL BY 00÷109

8.

Batch Fl-16/

AI/DDA

H. G.

Bean

FYI

110.

Document

11..

DDI/FIO

2E- 6104

_To. C. Lawler

pir

6-805-76

FYI

12.

RETURN

TOs

IPS

Vorhis

2E-50

PRIORITY HANDLING

Fo7s

3749

SECRET

_ CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 25

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

' INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL,

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

MARtiN LutheR KING (WEISBERG ReQUEST)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

76-382

FROM:

Antrember MARY

EXTENSION

0/ DDO/FIO

Ext. 9415

DATE SENT

18 JUNE

SUSPENSE DATE

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

1. 0SG/OC

Attn: P. Marine

2.

2B16

3.

4.

6.

7.

8.

DDO/FIO Attn: Annette

tube: CT-5, 2B1415

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TOX

I No record of subject

/ No info identifiable

with subject

// See attached memorandum

PRIORITY HANDLING

F015 3749

op. 10

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

D

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 26

13-00000

LJ UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

MARTiN LutheR KING (WEISBERG

EXTENSION

Ter

MAR

CT - 5

9415

0/ DDO/ FIO

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

2. 2 JUN 1976

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

76-382

REQUESt

18 JUNE

SUSPENSE DATE

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

FR PLANS

Attn: Bob Baker

BU -6

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

DDO/FIO Attn: Annette

Tube: CT-S, 2B1415

10.

If No record of subject

I/ No info identifiable

with subject

/ I See attached memorandum

12.

RETURN TO:

FoRM 3749

op.g

PRIORITY HANDLING

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 27

13-00000,

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Martin Luther King, gi.

EXTENSION

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

576-382

DATE

SENT

SUSPENSE DATE

25 gun 26

RECEIVED

T. DDO/PIC

attn: Mary Feltow

Im 104125-to-

FORWARDED

2271

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number eoch comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

5:

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

ORM 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 28

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIOR LY

HANDLING

FOL Request

MartIn Luther Kings T

Harold Weisberg Requester

Donald. G. Vorhts

Sally Mel

ster

6400 R 9581

TPS/DDA 2542 H9s PX=2

onc

EXTENSION

PDATE

DATES (B

RECEIVEO:

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOLA REOUL L

1 76-382

SENT

26 July 1976

SATI

31 July 976

COMMENTS Numt

to Whom i

#from whom

each

comments)

• Randa11

lay to HT-1 Amber

OPs/ITG

052

30/11

C/OPS/ITG

The attached documents

were surfaced by

in its search on Subject. The

documents originated. in your

component or predecessor

component.

Please review the docu

ments to determine if they

can be released to Subject

in full, in sanitized form,

or they are to be denied,

If the documents are

releasable in full, please,

have them declassified by an

authorized officer of your

component.

If deletions are to be

made, please make them and

forward the sanitized version

to this Staff to send to the

requester.

Cite the FOIA

subsection which applies to

the deleted portions.

If the document is denied

please cite the appropriate

subsection (s) of the FOIA.

In both of the above

instances please name the

denying official.

1f4 PrOUST

WHOGGIED

---

## Page 29

13-00000

• UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a requested by Weisberg

F76-382

FROM:

DDO/PIC

M.

Felton

1D4125

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

EXTENSION

1644

DATE SENT

5 Aug 76

SUSPENSE

DATE

AX6X 9 Aug. 76

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

DATE

RECEIVED

Mr.

W.

Strubitts

1976

SA/LA/EICO

ET -38 AUG

JOE

FORWARDED

2.

3.

4.

Pls review the attached for:

release to Weisberg per his

FOlA request. Pls cite

exemptions for denials and

partial denials.

Thanks.

MFelton

2 to 88

Have sanitized the

attached documents for release

to Weisberg.

6.

7.

8.

DDO/PIC

M. FElton

HT - 1

110.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

50R5 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

NTERNA

JUSE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 30

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., requested by Weisberg

F76-382

FROM:

M.

Felton

DDO/PIC

1D4125

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

EXTENSION

DATE SENT

5 Aug 76

1644

9 Aug

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

COMMENTS (Number each comment to

show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

1. H.

Thompson

EA/OEM/ FOI

BU -2

RECEIVED

6/8 6/6

4.

FA/DEM/OS.

5.

6.

C/OEM

OPS/ITG proposes we pass the

attached document to Weisberg

in response to his FOIA

request.

Do you agree with

this and with their saniti-

zation? In particular, do

you agree with leaving the

address/at the top of

the

attachment to the dispatch?

Thank you.

Melton

10/8

1-2-

Odon't think use

7.

8.

M.

Felton

DDO /PIC

HT_1

9.

Reference.

is incidental. all

Other names uruld

have to be removed.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

2-4: AgRee; We Do NOT

wANt The "O.J. Moatin"

ADOREs Released, 214-

Ach mens of little use

to lequestor ausewat.

Document FHHT-64ify

7 May 1968- Hawai

Founcations por

Amarian Freedomo, d

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 31

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED .

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Martin Luther King, Jr., requested by Weisberg

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

F76-382

FROMDO/PIC

M.

Felton

1D4125

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

EXTENSION

1644

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

DATE SENT

5 Aug 76

DATE

SUSENSANE

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom. Drow a line across column after each comment.)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

1. Mr. C. LaClair

EUR/EXO

GS -6

5

AUG 1976

2.

Pls review the attached docu-

ments for release to Weisberg

per his FOIA request. Thanks.

MFelton

3.

ELI

4.

46 1K

"EXO

AUG 1976

6.

EURIEXO GS-68

AUG 1978

7.

8.

DDO/PIC

ATTN:

Mary

HT_

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

3-5+8i

socunutswith

exception f

0W09-19623(441ch

has no Italian

comiction) caste

pass ofter excising

tain, portions

that have been

Gracketted (for

tours protection)

8=6 - P/s revier lost

document.

Get port d

fast eaten can a the this.

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

1 - 75

SECRET •

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 32

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

NTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

Martin Luther King, Jr requested by Weisberg

F76-382

FROM:

EXTENSION

M.

Felton

DDO/PIC

1D4125

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

1644

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

DATESENT

7 AUG /6

SUSPENSE DATE

18. Ana 76

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

1.

LA

ET-3

V Ur

2:

Pls review the attached docu-

ment for release to Weisberg

per his request.

Cite

exemptions for deletions or

denial.

Thank you.

MDFelton

4.

6.

7.

I to 8i

Document

soniliged for

release.

DDO/PIC

ATTN: Mary

HT -1

9.

10.

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

ORM 3749

-75

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 33

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

, CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDlINC, FOIA REQUEST

SUBJECT: (Optional)

REQUEST NUMBER

FOI Request - Martin Luther King, JI.

(Harold Weisberg - Requester)

F 76-382

FROM:

Donald G. Vorhis 7486 R 9271

Sally Weiler

6400 R 9581

IPS/DDA 2E42 Hqs. DX-2

TO:

(Officer designation, room number, and

building)

EXTENSION

DATE

SENT

26 July 1976

SUSPENSE

DATE

31 July 1976

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Drow a line across column after each comment.)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

1. DDO/PIC Mr. Randall

GX-2 Pls relay to HT-1 Amber

2.

OCD

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

DRO/PIC

1R4/27

12

attor; Dracy

.: 3/4

K/ NOLI

C 58280

L. COMFIDEMTIAL

The attached 7 documents

were surfaced by OS/IRG

in its search on Subject. The

documents originated in your

component or predecessor

component..

100

Please

review the docu-

ments to determine if they

can be released to Subject

in full, in

sanitized form,

or they

are to be denied.

If the documents are

releasable in tull, please

have them declassified by an

authorized officer of your

component.

If deletions are to be

made, please make

them and

forward

the sanitized version

to this Staff to send to the

requester.

Cite the FOIA

subsection which applies to

the deleted portions.

If the document is denied

please cite the appropriate

subsection (s) of the FOIA.

In both of the above

instances please name the

denying official.

3 to 9: We do not know anything more about this

incident. Inasmuch as it apparently did

not appear in the press, I am afraid that

the information in these memoranda, 1f

put into the public domain, could jeopar-

dize our relationship with the person who

provided it to us. Therefore both docu-

ments' are ebing denied pussuant to

exemptions (b)(T), (5)(2), (b)(3) (a)8forang

→(6) (6):

ONLY

_ UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 34

13-00000

LISTING OF ATTACHED DOCUMENTS

(1).

1969.

Memorandum from DCS, dated 28

i May

(2) Memorandum to Director, DCS,

dated 19 February 1969.

(3) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,

IN 27362.

(4)

DDO cable, dated & June 1968,

IN 27366.

(5)

DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968,

IN 27367•

(6) DDO dispatch, UFGT -16828, dated

15 July 1966.

(7) DO biographic data on Martin

Luther King, dated 5 November 1967.

#

256

255.

23

= 2

353

254

_R-67

---

## Page 35

13-00000

3 Aug 76

SECRET

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Request for copy of CIA Cable from CIA Reference File

FROM: Cable Secretariat/Reference File

Mr. Garnett U. Tate

Chief, Cable Archives

1A-53 Has.

Tube CT-7

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

EXTENSION

NO.

DATE

6159

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom. Dram a line across column after each comment.)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

2.

The attached Form 1604,

"Archives Cable Service",

requests a copy of a CIA cable

for which the dissemination is

restricted. Would you please:

3.

LA/SA

(a) Forward the attached copy

to the requester (shown on

Form 1604 or;

6.

(b) Return the attached copy to

Cable Archives with guidance

in order that we may notify the

requester of the disposition of

his request.

AToN:

200/9 KIRT FAITIN

How hellace bost

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

FORM

3-62

sisitice souick

a methods,

2 Cables denied

610 USEDITIONOUS

EDITIONS

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 36

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(When Filled In)

REQUEST FOR DISSEMINATION CHANGE OR CABLE REFERENCE SERVICE

TO:

CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH,

NAME OF REQUESTER

OC

FROM:

CABLE REFERENCE SECTION

_IA-53 FQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE ES-6

H7-1

Mury ?

DDO/PIC

DATE

3 A 26

EXTENSION

It is requested that the dissemination of

IN/DIR NUMBER

be changed as indicated.

STATION NUMBER

ADD:

Recall copies from:

Change action from:

401A

Authorized by:

In coordination with:

To:

MAME (type or print)

• NAME (type or print)

Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have

made inquiry of the CS Records control system.

IN/DIR NUMBER

STATION NUMBER

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FELTON MARY

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DATE

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1976

INDEX SEARCH AND 201 CONSOLIDATION REQUEST

IP/FI CONTROL NO.

784

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‹Doc. Ref.

SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN)

F

SURNAME

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SPELLING VARIATIONS TO BE SEARCHED

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REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME

FORM 362 METRONIOUS

1976 JUHT8 PM I H

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS

201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS.

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2.

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---

## Page 43

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GIVEN NAMES

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2. WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE, BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201

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CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS.

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NAME AND ADD

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DATE:

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DDO/PTC M. Felton HT-I

ACTION

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PREPARE REPLY

RECOMMENDATION

RETURN A

SIGNATURE

Remarks:

Pls fill out the attached form so we

can repont costs to

IPS.

only clatm

the actual search time for

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in reviewing and sanitizing them.

Thank you.

Il talked to P. Cochran about

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FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER

FROM: NAME, ADORESS AND PHONE NO.

Mfeltay

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DATE

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(40)

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If you've no objection, would

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criteria.

Andy

FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER

FROM: NAME. ADORESS AND PHONE NO..

A: F. Addona,

UNCLASSIFIED

C/DDO/PIC/AL

CONFIDENTIAL

ros Na 237

1-67

Use previous editions

HT -

DATE

15 July

SECRET

(40)

---

## Page 56

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-UNCASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

3 CONFIDENTIAL

ROUTING: AND RECORD SHEET

SECRET

SUBJECT: (Optional).

FROM.

Request For Opinion--FOIA (b) (6) & Privacy Act

EXTENSION.

NO.

DATE

Charles A.

Briggs

Chief, Services Staff

TO:: (Officer designation.. room number; and

building)

DATE:

EW- 7

1596

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

15 July 1976

• Draw-a. line across column. after each comment)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

OGC/FOIA

FU-2

10

12.

13.

1d.

15.

FORM

3-02

610 USEDIRENGUS

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

• INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 57

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- •UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY:

ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET

1 CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FROM:

Request For Opinion FOIA b (64 rivacy Act

EXTENSION

: NO

DATE:

Charles A. Briggsa

Chief,

Services

Staff

TO: "(Officer designati

oomi. number;

Sand

building)

RECEIVED:

EW - 7

DATE A

FORWARDED

1596

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

15 July 1976

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from. whom

to whom. Draw.@ line.across-column.after coch. comment:)

C/ OPS//ITG

ES- 2

Attn- pHaefner

15

11A USE PREVIOUS

DITION

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 58

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OGC

c/SS memo, to occ

(15 Jul 76)

requesting"

criteria tor

release into

Munder FOTA as

regards family

privacy rights

---

## Page 59

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Administrative - Internal Use Only

15 July 1976

NEMORANDUM FOR: Office of General Counsel

ATTENTION

: C/FOIA/PA

SUBJECT

REFERENCE

Request For Opinion--FOIA (b) (6) &

Privacy Act

FOIA Request 76-382, copy attached

1.

Mr. Weisberg has requested under the FOIA

information on:

a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

b. Earl Ray

C.

Other individuals involved with the

assassination of Dr. King.

To ensure consistency in making determinations

for release under both the FOIA exemptions (b) (6) and

the Privacy Act, of requests such as Mr. Weisberg's,

would you please state the current legal criteria to

apply to these type cases. Specifically, it would be

helpful to the DDO to have a clearly enunciated legal

opinion regarding what, if any, privacy rights the family

of a deceased individual might

have vis-a-vis the deceased

individual.

Further, what, if any, privacy rights does

a convicted felon have.

3. We are aware that each case must be judged on

its own facts.

Hence, we would be grateful for your

opinion regarding the

criteria to apply to Mr. Weisberg's

request.

However, a

general rule applicable to the type

of request also would be very useful, would expedite the

processing of such requests, and would apply some consistency

Charles A. Briggs

Chief, Services Staff

Attachment:

Reference

cC :

Paul Haefner, OPS/ ITG

Administrative - Internal Use Only

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## Page 60

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CONFIDENTIAL

3 0. JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM, FOR:

SUBJECT

REFERENCE:

Privacy and Information Coordinator, DO

Martin Luther King sT

1576-382

This office recommends following action concerning

the documents referred by OSAURG:

London-5061, dated 8 June 1968 and London 5062

dated & June 1968; concerns Ray traveling in London;

* SOurCe

of this information was the FBI, sone of the information

was received from Scotland Yard, excluded under 1900.3(g) (4)

and exempt under (b) (1)5 (B) (1)

ottawa- 5446 dated & June 1968; concerns travel of

Galt, (SMABOVE/9) a Canadian service provided the infor-

mation, exempt under (b) (1)5 (B) (1)

UFGT-16828, dated 15 July 1966; concerns surveillance

of Dr.

Martin Luther King, Jr. by the Dade County Florida

police (Criminal Intelligence); excluded under 1900.3 (g) (4)

I blatan

808 LOND 5062

8 thie 68

OGAI

liaison

CONFIDENTIAL

E. IMPDET CL BYR58.723

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## Page 61

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1970

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

FROM:

HAROLD WEISBERG FOR MARTIN LUGHTER KING AND JAMES

EARL RAY DOCUMENTS

EXTENSION

DATE SENT

SUSPENSE DATE

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

OMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whor

• whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.

Mr. Owen

DATE

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

4 man

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

• Helen 10 3125

8.

9.

10.

1.

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

These are the documents

on Ray only. Please

review them and let me

know if there are any

changes you want made

on them.

OGC is currently

reviewing them and writing

the affadavit.

Court

date is 22 May.

We will have to incorporate

• your changes into the

affadavit.

Thanks

Helen X1313

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

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## Page 62

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CONFIDENTIAL

27 JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR:

SUBJECT:

REFERENCE:

Privacy and Information Officer, DDO

Weisberg Request (James Earl Ray)

Part II

76-F-382

1.

This office maintains a two volume 201 file

(201-832732) on the Subject.

These files

and other

records in this office revealed the following:

a. The following overt items

are releasable to

the requestor.

There are no exemptions.

Lite, dated

3 May 1968; New York Times, dated 26 April 1968;

Washington Star, dated & May 1908; Washington Star,

dated 28 April 1968; Ray's Odd Odyssey, undated;

9

June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;

Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, Lisbon, 9 June

1968; Los Vegas Sun, dated 3 June 1968; The Evening

dated 2 Julx 1968; Washington Post, dated <

June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;

Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968; Reuters, London,

27 June

1908; Associatad Press, London, dated 27

June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;

Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968;

Associated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968; United

Press International (UPI-16), dated 27 June 1968;

London, dated 27 June 1968; London, dated 27 June

1968;

Associated Press, dated 27 June 1968; Reuters,

London, undated; Reuters, London, undated, UPI-16,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, Memphis,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, Washington,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 27

nep 2 a me 1 to 10 asia ton Bose overs ,

1968; Washington Post Foreign service, dated

3 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968;

June shing gondon

Washington Post, 28 June 1968; Reuters, London,

cous

CONFIDENTIAL

E2 IMPOET CL B038 223

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## Page 63

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CONTIDENTIAL

dated 18 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 17 June

1968; Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968; Reuters,

London, undated; Reuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;

Reuters, undated; Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June

1968, Reuters, London, dated & June 1968; Reuters,

undated; The Washington Post, 9 June 1968; Northern

Virginia sun, dated to April

1968; Northern Virginia

Sun, dated 17 April 1968; The Washington Post, dated

8 April 1968; Northern Virginia Sun, dated 16

April

8 April 1968;

London, dated 27 June 1968; London, dated 27 June 1968;

Associated Prass, London, undated; London, dated 27

June 1968; Washington Star,

27 June 1968; New York

Times, 18 April 1968;

New York Times, dated 18 April

1968; New York Times, dated 19 April 1968; New York

Times, dated 23 April 1968; Washington Post, dated

5. July 1968; Los Angeles Free Press, dated 19 April

1968; Washington Star, 26 April 1968; Northern

Virginia Sun, dated 25 April 1968; Washington Post,

dated 27 April 1968; Washington Post,

dated 4 July

écles

1968; Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;

Reuters, dated 9 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated

at 8x-3438

9 June 1968; EX-3438, dated 1969; The Strange Case K

of James Earl Ray; dated 1969, London, undated

Associated Press, London, datea 10 June 1968;

London, dated 10

June 1968; London, dated 10 June

1968; UPI-7, London, 10 June 196g;

Associated

Press, London, dated 10 June 1968, London, dated

10. June 1968; London, dated 10 June 1968; Reuters,

London, 11. June 1968; Reuters, London, undated;

London, 11 June 1968; Associated Press, London,

dated 11 June 1968; London, dated 10 June 1968;

Reuters, Washington, dated

10 June 1968; London,

10 June

1968; London, dated 10 June 1968; Reuters,

London, 10 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 10

dated 22 November Ost&) Evening Star,

8 May 1968; Washington Post,

dated 2 July 1968; Reuters, London, dated 11 June

1968; Assoclated Press, dated 10 June 1960; Reuters,

London, dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto,

2

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CONFIDENTIAL

dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto, dated

do une 168, 09-, Logan ded sociate Press,

London,

dated 5 July 1968; Washington Examiner,

dated 26-27, April 1968; Associated Press, dated 8 July

1908; Reuters, London, dated 3 July 1968; Reuters,

London, dated 3 July 1968; London, dated 5 July 1968;

Sun, 10 May 196&; Associated Press, London, 18 June

1968; Associated Rress, London, 18. June 1968; Associated

Press, London, undated; Reuters, London, 18 June 1968;

Associated Press, Toronto, 13 June 1968; London, UPI-20,

dated 13 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;

Associated Press, London,\ 18 June 1968; London, dated

13 June 1968; Associated: Press, London, dated, 12 June

20 June 1968; Associated Press, London,

Reuters, London,

undated;

JP1-9, London, dated 11 June 1968;

dated

11 June

1968; Associated Press,

Toronto, dated

11 June 1968; Reuters, Nashville, dated

11 June 1968;

Associated Press, Washington, 11

June 1968; UPX-126,

Washington, 11 June 1968; UPI-54, Nashville, dated

17 July 1968.

b.

The following overt items make mention of th

Subject but are not attached.

ome cannot be reproducer

and others are not available

in this office.

The Ottawa

citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Ottawa Journal, dated

10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 June 1968; Montreal

Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,

CONFIDENTIAL

cour

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## Page 65

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dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June

1968; Washington

dated at A Staida Washington Post asted & May 1968;

Associated Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated

496, washingt or ate 02 gun 506 on on

Times, dated 18 November 1968; Time, dated 13 September

1968; The Militant, dated 6 December 1968; Washington

Star, dated 13 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 28

June

1968; Washington Star, dated 8 April 1969; Washington

Post, dated 3 July 1968; Washington Post, 12 November

1968; Washington Star, dated 24 March 1969; Washington

dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April

1969; Washington Star, dated 17 March 1969; Washington

9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12

Washington Post,

dated 19 September 1968; Washington Star, 23 April

1968; Washington Post, dated 11 November 1968; Washington

Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated

12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 14 June 1968;

Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,

dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press 190ndan, 27 June

1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April

Time,

dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18 January

1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January 1968; Washington

Star,

dated 25 January 1969; washington star, dated

2 April 1969; Washington Post, dated I April 1909

1969.

BT, 03, MaXI 51583454684, 63

The following agency documents are considered

releasable to the requestor in segregated form under

the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act.

Excised portions

Cables:

are exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director-

93163,

dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),

dated

10 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April

4

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 66

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370

311

31316)

3080

3220

3740

1968; Director-93538,

0707 (IN-9553), dated

dated 23 April

22 April 1968; Director- 93603, 22Ap

1968; La Paz-4254 (IN-96327), dated

23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated

26 April 1968.

Dispatches:

ONHA- 3982, dated

22 April

1968; HMMW-16358, dated 22 April 1968.

Memoranda:

Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official

Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated

23 April 1968.

2. The following agency documents are exempt from

release.

Exemptions are as cited:

(a)

Bogota-0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968;

this cable concerns an American National with a striking

resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3)(a)

and (b) (6).

(b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968;

Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in

Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3)(a).

(c)

James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by

Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST) ; exempt under

(b) (1) (5)B (1) •

(d) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:

Gerald Lee Richards;

exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6).

(e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request

for preparation of a

transmittal to the FBI that deals

with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3)(a).

(f)

Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:

Assassination of Martin Luther King.

memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in LOS

(CSCI-316/01763-68); the information was

provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt

5

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 67

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375

Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968; Subject:

Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action

of Another Subject who was Originally Described as

Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains intormation

provided by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt

From 30 Jul11

1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable

with Eric Starvo Galt; the

information was based on

Os Refessels clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico

369

the followins documents concern the sanelenale DeD)

Ray case but do not mention the Subject by name. All are

exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6).

(a) Eight biographic sketches on individuals

381-388 thought to be associated with the Ray case.

(b)

Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:

389 Gerald Lee Richards.

The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April

1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence

390

that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions

(b) (1) 5B(1) also applies.

(d) Lạ Paz-4228 (IN-94482), dated 19 April 1968;

391

La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted

Posters.

(e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;

3ª2 requests photo be pouched.

(f) San Jose-0157 (IN-94496), dated 19 April 1968;

393 requests photo be pouched.

(g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states

394 that two copies of photo sent 19 April.

(h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states

395

two copies of photos sent.

3т6

(i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states

two copies of photos

sent.

6

CONFIDENTIAL

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397

(j) Director-93264, dated 20 April 1968; concerns

one Edwin Mason.

(k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April

3981968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were

(1)

(m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97560), dated 24 April

1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian

400

National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that

when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October 1962

he was approached with a job offer that might have had

something to do with Dr. King. •

(n) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April

for 1968, concerns material being pouched

to the Station

(ie

the deposition of R. Brown cited above).

(o) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station

yosent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.

(p) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits

403 a copy of deposition

material as requested.

(9) Lagos-9878; dated 28 April 1968; requests

that the

Embassy inquire of Wilder Company concerning

404 one J. B. Musgrave.

(r) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;

405

reveals subject of Addis Ababa-2200 is not the man we

407

(s)

Director-95641,

dated 30 April 1968; is a

yobrequest

that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.

(t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a

Roderick Claflin

Brown, a Panamanian National; forwarded

to the FBI Brown's deposition. lidson

7

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 69

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(u)

Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;

408 Subject:

Joe Bailey Musgrave.

(v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13. May 1968;

409 Subject:

Joe. Bailey Musgrave; torwarded passport

photos of Musgrave.

410

records of the fure 7 iN 1 Police providay Lessero

reply (re Galt); exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1).

Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or

his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g) (4). See Attachment I.

a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the

4(1 FBI concurs; exemptions (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; concerns

412 proposed hijacking of an unidentified aircratt.

Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey

41B Lawnyer and John Willard.

414d. Photo of an unidentified individual.

415 e. Photo of an unidentified individual.

4/6 f. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G.

Identification order 4132, z0 April 1968.

FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G,

4/8 5. Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated

8 June 1968.

Reports of the apprehension in London of James

Earl Ray.

Excluded under 1900.3(g) (4). See Attachment II.

AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which

warded information on the subject is attached for your

contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS concerning the releasibility of

this information.

See Attachment 111.

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 70

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if needed he cited documents are available in this office

Attachment: a/s

==-

9

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 71

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CONFIDENTIAL

27 JUL 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Infornation Officer, DDO

SUBJECT:

Weisberg Request (James Earl Ray)

Part II

REFERENCE:

76-F-382

(201-832732) on the Subject.

This offico maintains a two volume 201 file

These files and other

rocords in this office

revealed the following:

2.

The following overt items are releasable to

the requestor.

There are no exemptions. ' life,

dated

3 May 1968; New York Times, dated 26 April 1968;

Washington Star, dated 8 May 1968;4 Washington Star,

¡ Lisbon, dated s

June 1968;8Reuters, London, dated 9 June 1968;

9Reuters, London, undated;loReuters, wisbon, 9 June

1968;l Los Vegas Sun, dated 3 June 1968,12The Evening

dated 2 July, 1968;3Washington Post, dated 28

1968w4RouterdlP London, dated 27 June 1968;

/Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968; bReuters, London,

1968; Associated Press, London, dated 21

June 1968; Routers, London, dated 27 June 1968;

MAssociated Press, London, dated 41 June 1y08;

LAssociated Press, London, dated 27 June 1968; United

• International (UPI-16), dated 27 June 1968;

22 London, dated 27 June 1968;23London, dated 27 June

1968 ;Associated Press, dated 27 June 1968;*Reuters,

London, undated; Reuters, London, undated, up1-16,

dated

27 June 1968:8Associated Press, Memphis,

dated

27 June 1968;2 Associated Press, Washington,

dated 27 June 1968;30Associated Press, dated 27

June 1968;3 Ramparts, 29 June 1968;3 Reuters, London,

dated 27 June 1968;33Reuters, London, undated; Reuters,

Memphis, 27 June 1968;3The Washington Post, dated

28 June

3 Washington

CONFIDENTIAL

2 MODET CL 00,58.7.23

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## Page 72

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CONFIDENTIAL

dated 18 June 1968;4Associated Press, dated 17 June

1968;4Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968;Reuters,

London, undated;"Reuters, London, dated 28 June 1968;

44 Reuters, undated;"Reuters, Washington,

dated & June

1968;46Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968;4 Reuters,

undated;# The Washington Post, 9 June 1968;4Northern

Virginia Sun, dated 18 April

• 1968* Northern Virginia

Sun, dated 17 April 1968;5 The Washington Post, dated

8 April 1968;5Northern Virginia Sun, dated 16 April

1968;5St. Louis Missouri, Post-Dispatch, dated 5

April 1968;5Chicago Illinois News, dated 8 April 1968;

55 London, dated 27 June 1968;5bLondon, dated 21 June 1968;

5 Associated Press, London, undated; london, dated 27

June 1968; Washington Star, 21 June 1968 6oNew YorK

Times, 18 April 1968;6New York Times, dated 18 April

1968;6 New York Times, dated 19 April 1968;Now York

dated 27 April 1968, Washington Post, dated 4 July

1968, Washington Star, dated 30 December 1969;

dated 9 June 1968;7ReuterS, London, dated

7 ReuteT$1968;3BX-3438, dated 1969;74The Strange Case

of James Earl Ray;75dated 1969,7London, undated;

7?Associated Press, London, dated 10 June 1968;

78 London, dated 10 June 1968,9London, dated 10

June

1968,8 UPI-7, London, 10 June 1968; Associated

Press, London,

dated 10 June 1968i2London,

dated

10 June 1968;3London, dated 10 June 1968;#Reuters,

London, 11 June 1968;5 Reuters, London, undated;

8b London,

11 June 1968:8 Associated Press, London,

11 June 1968;88London, dated 10 June 1968;

dated 10

London, undated ;%Moscow,

(Gevorgyan Report), dated

22 November 1968; Moscow Trud (Gevorgyan Report)

1968; Washington Post,

dated 2 July 1968; Reuters, London, dated 11 June

1968:1 Associated Press

dated 10 June 1968; Reuters,

sondon, dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto,

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 73

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CONFIDENTIAL

dated 10 June 1968, Associated Press, Toronto, dated

10 June 1968, Associated Press, London, undated London,

dated 27 June 1968; Associated

30 June 1965H0JPI-33, London, undated, 'Associated Press,

dated 8 July

5 July 1968;

London, 18 June 1968; 'Associated

129 Associated Press,

dated 13 June 1968j Reuters, London, dated 12 June 1968;

132 Associated Press, London, 18 June 1968 ELondon, dated

1968; Associated Press, London, dated

dated 13 June

1968;4Associated Press, London, dated 15 June 1968;

141 Reuters, London, undated;"Reuters, London, dated 13

June 1968;9Associated Press,

dated 11 June 1968;

11' June 1968 ;MUPI-126,

17 July 1968.

Subject but are not attached.

The following overt items make mention of the

Some cannot be reproduced

others are not available

in this office. The Ottawa

Citizen,

dated 10 June 1968; The Ottawa Journal, dated

10 June

1968; The Gazette,

dated 10 June 1968: Montreal

Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washington Post,

• 3

CONFIDENTIAL

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## Page 74

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• CONFIDENTIAL

dated

9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June

Washington Post,

dated 17 November 1968; Washington

dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 4i

April 1968; Time,

21 June

1968; Washington

16 May 1968; Washington star, dated I8 April 1681.

Press, London, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star,

14 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April

1968; Washington Post, dated 11 June 1968; New YOTk

l'imes, dated l8 November 1968; Time, dated 15 september

1968; The Militant, dated 6 December 1968; Washington

Star, dated 13 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 28

June 1968; Washington Star, dated 8 April 1969; Washington

Post, dated 3 July 1968; Washington Post, 12 November

1968; Washington Star,

Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 12 April

1969; Washington Star, dated 17 March 1969; Washington

Post,, dated 9 January 1970; Washington Star, dated 12

April 1968; Washington Post, dated 16 April 1968;

Washington Post, 26 January 1969; Washington Post,

dated 19 September 1968; Washington Star, 23 April

1968; Washington Post, dated 11 November 1968; Washington

Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washington Post, dated

12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 14 June 1968;

Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Washington Star,

dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, London, 21 June

1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April

dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18 January

1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January 1968; Washington

no, dare 20

1968; Time,

Star,

dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated

2 April 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 1969;

Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969.

C.

The following agency documents are considered

releasable to the requestor in segregated form under

the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act.

Excised portions are exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

DiTeCtOT- 92004,

dated 18 April 1968; Director-

93163,

dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694),

dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April

4

CONRDENTIAL

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## Page 75

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1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director-

dated 23 April

26 April 1968.

Dispatches:

ONHA - 3982, dated

1968; HMMW-16353, dated 22 April 1968.

Memoranda:

2. The following agency documents are exempt from

release. Exemptions are as cited:

(a) Bogota-0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968;

this cable concerns an American National with a striking

resemblance to Eric Starvo Galt; exempt under (b) (3) (a)

(b) Bangkok-9432 (1N-00056), dated 29 April 1968;

Airforce Intolligence advised that a person formerly in

Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b) (3) (a).

(c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a

James Ray: DPOB & March 1928, information provided by

Siena polico to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST) ; exempt under

(b) (1) (5)B(1)•

(a) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:

Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b) (3)(a) and (b)(6)•

(e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request

for preparation of a

transmittal to the FBI that deals

with King Assassination; exempt under (b) (3)(a).

(f) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject:

Assassination of Martin Luthern & March 1928 In Los

Subject in this

lemorandum 1s a James kay,

Angeles.

(CsC1-316/01763-68); the infornation was

provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt

under (b) (1) 5B(1).

5

CONFIDENTIAL

---

## Page 76

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(8) Memorandum, dated'16 May 1968; Subject:

Investigation in Japan of Report of suspicious Action

of Another Subject who was Originally Described as

Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information

provided by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt

under (b) (3)(a), (b)(6), and (b) (1) 58(1) •

(h) Memorandum for the Record, dated 19 April

1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly Identifiable

with Eric Starvo Galt; the information was based on

clandestine photography of the cuban embassy in Mexico

City; exempt under (b) (3) (a); (b)(6) and (D) (1) 45)B(1).

3.

the following documents concern the James Barl

Ray case but do not mention the Subject by name. All are

exempt under (b) (3) (a) and (b) (6).

(a) Eight biographic sketches on individuals

thought to be associated with the lay case.

(b) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject:

Gorald Lee Richards.

The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April

1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence

that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions

(b) (1)5B(1) also applies.

(d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482), dated 19 April 1968;

La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted

Posters.

(e) Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968;

requests photo be pouched.

(f) San Jose-0157 (IN-94496), dated 19 April 1968;

requests photo be pouched.

(g) Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states

that two copies of photo

sent 19 April.

(h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states

two copios of photos sent.

(i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states

two copies of photos sent.

CONFIDENTIAL

---

## Page 77

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(j) Director-93264, dated 20 April 1968; concerns

one Edwin Mason.

(k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April

1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were

suspoct.

(1) San Jose-0162 (IN-95902), dated 23 April

1968; querias fail to revoal any knowlodge of Worman o

Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above).

(m) Panama City-6180 (1N-97560), dated 24 April.~

1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian

vational, who voluntarily signed a deposition that

when his ship docked in Mobilo Ala. in October 1962

he was approached with a job offer that might have had

something to do with Dr. King.

Station

(ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above).

sent

(0)

Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station

a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter.

(P)

huPl-10075, dated 20 April 1908; transmits

a copy of deposition

material as requested.

Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests

that

Embassy inquire of Wilder Company concerning

one J. B. Musgrave.

(5)

Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968;

reveals subject of Addis Ababa-2200 is not the man we

seek.

(s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a

request that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels.

(* Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a

Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian National; forwarded

to the FBI Brown's deposition.

CONFIDENTIAL

---

## Page 78

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

(22)

Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968;

Subject: JJoe Bailey Musgrave..

(V) Memorandum to the FBl, dated 13. May 1968;

Subject:

Joe Balley Musgrave; forwarded passport

photos of Musgravo.

Frankture 5134 (11-18095, dated 24 may 1908.

records of the roderal Crininal Police provided a negative

reply (re Galt); exempt under (b) (1) (5)B(1),

Seven FBI reports which mention the Subjoct and/or

his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g) (4). See Attachment I.

a. Undated Meno, sanitized for release if the

FBI COncurs; exemptions (b) (3)(a) and (b) (6).

b. Cactus-001, dated 22 January 1973; Concerns

proposed hijacking of an unidentified aircraft.

c.

Photos of Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey

Lawmyer and John Willard.

d. Photo of an unidentified individual.

e. Photo of an unidentified individual.

f. FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G.

FBI Wanted Poster - FBI No. 405 942G,

Identification order 4132, 20 April

1968.

5.

Department of State telegram, Ottawa-1813, dated

8 June 1968. Reports of the apprehension in London of James

Earl Ray.

Excluded under 1900.3(g) (4). See Attachment 11.

6.

AB Memo, number 9605, dated 24 April 1968 which

forwarded information on

the Subject is attached for your

contact with C/TSD/AB/PDS concerning the releasibility of

this information.

See Attachment III.

CONFIDENTIAL

---

## Page 79

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

6. The cited documents are available in this office

if needod.

John J. Reagan

John J. Reagan

Chief, International Terrorism Group

Operations Staff

Attachment:

a/s

CONFIDENTIAL

---

## Page 80

13-00000

OGO

memo

(4. Oct

519

to ADO

Le

FBT

contact

W/CLAS

regard

KENG A

---

## Page 81

13-00000

06C76-5403

4 October 1976

MEMORANDUM FOR

FROM

SUBJECT

: Associate Deputy Director for Administration

Attn: Chief, Security Analysis Group, OS

Director of Personnel

Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology -

Associate Deputy Director for Operations

Attn: ISS/1P/EIS

D/DCI/Intelligence Community

D/DCI/for National Intelligence Officers

Legislative Counsel

Inspector General

Executive Secretary

Richard H. Lansdale

Associate General Counsel

: Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.

1. At the Attorney General's direction, a task force was established

in May 1976 by the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Justice

Department to review the activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

in relation to the late Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., his assassination

and the Bureau's investigation of that murder.

2. Pursuant to the Attorney General's directive, Justice is can-

vassing those investigative agencies of the Government which night have

been contacted by the FBI to secure or deliver information for intelli-

gence, for investigative assistance (before or aiter the assassination),

or for any form of counterintelligence action in relation to Dr. King.

3. It is requested that a check be made of your records to

determine the extent and nature of any contacts with CIA by the FBI

in regard to the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.

4.. Dos has expressed some urgency in responding to their

request. Therefore, please advise this Office of the results of your

search at your earliest convenience, but no later than close of business,

21 October 1976.

Tie tink M. Fasten

Kichard H. Larsdale

---

## Page 82

13-0000

PEPS

resp

to

WEISBERG

---

## Page 83

13-00000

2 6 APR 1977

Janes H. Lessi,

Esa.

Attomey at Law

1231 Fourth Street,

S"W.

Hashington, DC 20024

Dear st. Lesar:

This is in partial response to your request, dated 11

June 1975, nade on behalf of your client, Mr. Harold Weisbarg.

Plcase refer also to our letters, dated

21 June 1976, 30

Novenber 1976 and 15 January 1977. Per our recent telophone

conversation this partial response addresses itself to that

part of your letter requesting records pertaining to. James

Earl Ray.

The saterials located thus far have boen reviewed

carefully, and our determinations are as follows:

Enclosed, Tah A, aro conios of the following items which

are being released to

you in their entirety:

1. One book excerpt.

2-109.

One hundred and eight (1D8) press itons.

110-134. Twenty-five (25) UPI wire itens.

155-171. Thirty-seven (37) Reuters wire itons.

172-225. Fifty-two (52) AP wiro items.

Inclosed also, Tab B, ara segregable portions of tha

documents listed bolor.

Deletions in the originals were sade

under the exemption provisions of the Freedos of Infornation

Act subsections which are given with sach docent cited. -

---

## Page 84

13-00000

The applicability of these exerntions has been explained

to you in our carlier correspondenco.

Docurents

Two cables, dated 10 Apz11 1063.

225. Cable, dated 10 Maril 1962.

Exertions

224-225.

(b) (1), (3) (3)

(b)(1), (b) (3),

(b) (6)

227-229. Thrce cables, dated 19 April 1953.

(b) (1) • (b)(3),

(b)

(G)

230-235. Four cables, dated 20 April 1963.

(51, (0)(3),

(b) (6)

234-235. Two cables, dated 22 April 1008.

(D) (1), (b) (3),

(b) (6)

236-237. Two dispatches, dated 22 Moril 1969.

238-239. Two cables, dated 23 April 1963.

(b) (1), (b) (3)

(b) (1),

(b) (3) ,

(b) (6)

340. Menorandus, dated 23 April 1068.

(b) (2).9

(b) (3),

(b) (6)

24?.

241. Cablo, dated 26 April 1948.

Routing slip, dated 22 October 1975.

• (6) (1) • (b)(3)

(0) (1),

(5)(3),

(b) (6)

243.

Routing slip, dared 23 October 1975.

(B) (1),

(b) (3),

(b) (6)

The docunents listed below are being withheld in their

entirety undor the exemption provisions of the Freedom of

Informaton Act subsections riven vith each document.

nocuments.

norman

244..

Monorandum, sated 17 April 1968.

245. Memorandm, dated 19 April 1963.

246. Cable, dated 20 April 1063.

Exemptions

(b) (1),

(b) (3),

(b) (G)

(b) (32.

(b) (3),

(3) (5

(b) (1),

(b) (3),

(b) (6)

.?:"

---

## Page 85

13-00000

247

Cable, dated 29 April 1968.

243..

"enorandun, dated 1 May 1903.

219. Cable, dated 3 Nay 1963.

250. Monoranian, cated 14 May 1060.

251. Menorandus, dated 16 May 1963.

252-254-

Three cables, dated & June 1959.

255. Monorandus, dated 19 February 1969.

256. Memorandun, dated 28 May 1969.

257-264. Eight biographic sketches.

265. Femorandun, dated 17 April 1968.

265-77%-

Seven Cables, dator 19 April 1968.

273. Cable, dated 20 April 190%.

274. Cable, dated 2? April 1963.

275. Cable, dater 23 April 1903.

286. .

Cable, dated 24 April 1953.

277-278, Two Cables, dated 25 April 1960

279.

Dispatch, dated 26 April 1963.

(b) ($)

= (3)(3),

(b)

(6

(5) (1), (0)(3)

(b) (1),

(b) (3),

(0) {6)

(b) (1) ,

(b) (3).

(6) (5)

(b) (1),

(b) (3),

(b) (8)

(6) (1) , (b) (3)

(0) (1),

15(4):

(b) (3), (6) (6)

(b) (1) ,

(b) (3) ,

(6) (6)

(b) (2),

(b) (2)

(b) (5),

(b) (6)

(6) (1) , (b)(3),

(b) (6)

(b) (1) > (b)(3),

(0) (6)

(b) (1) • (6) (3) ,

(b) (5)

(b)11,

(b) (33,

(b) (G)

(D)(1),

(6)10)

(h) (5),

001013.

(b) (3),

10.(9}

7)(6

D)13/4 (0)13)

Chira

---

## Page 86

13-00000

280. Cable, dated 28 Anril 106S.

281-282. Two Cables, dated 30 April 1008.

283.

Nenoranden, dated 2 May 1962.

234.

Memorandun, dated 6 May 1963.

235.

Henorandan, dated 15 Hay 1953.

226- Cable, dated 34 May 1963.

(5) (1), (6) (3),

(B) (G)

(b) (1), (5)(3) 9.

(b) (ó)

02(12, (6)(3),

(D) (5)

02) (1), (0)(3) ,

• (b) (6)

(b) (1), (b) (3),

(b) (G)

(b) (1), (b) (3),

(b) (6)

The decisions cited above vero nade by Mir. Charles A.

Brigas, DDO Information Revien Dfficer.

As specifiad in the Freedos of information ACt, 1 an

advising you of your rigat to appeal the above decisions, but

it would seen to ba nore toasonabls to avait the complete

results of our processing before you actually dotermine tether

to do so.

He thank you for your patience and consideration.

Sincerely,

Gers F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosuros

IPS/EK/cb/20 Apr 77

Orig-

Adse.

-

IPS

IPS

01C

OGC

-

Pub

Chrono

F-76-382 k/cy Tab B

Aff/letu

---

## Page 87

13-00000

7ICG

CON

NADENTIAL

27 April 1977

MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, Information and Privacy Staff

FROM

Charles A. Briggs

DDO Information Review Officer

SUBJECT

REFERENCES

:

FBI Referral re Harold Weisberg Request

on Martin Luther King, Jr. and James

Earl Ray

: A. Request No. F 76-382

B. Referral, Dated 25 March 1977

C.

Briggs' Memorandum to IPS dated

26 October 1976

The documents forwarded under Reference B have been

reviewed by the responsible DDO components and the following

determinations have been made:

a. One CIA originated document may be released

in sanitized form (Tab A).

b. Five CIA originated documents are denied;

they are listed with appropriate exemptions

under Tab B.

c. Five FBI documents containing CIA information

should be denied; they are listed with

appropriate exemptions under Tab C.

d. Two FBI documents and one CIA document should

be referred to other CIA components for

determinations

• (see Tab D).

Charles A Brie

A.

Briggs

Attachments:

cC :

IPG/SCB

SA/C/LA

EUR/ EXO

AF/Plans

a/s

CONFIDENTIAL

E 2 IMPDET CL SY CIA:O

---

## Page 88

13-00000

CIA • Originated

Release-Sawtized

DOCUMENT

NUMBER

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable: Menorandum, Dispatch

Other

Date

Cable, Menorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum; Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date::

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date -:

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

TAB A

(PICG IS) PAS

FBI. Refersal, 25 Mar7?

FOLA/I Request No-76-387

EXEMPTIONS

(bI,

(b) (2), (b)

(6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f),

(k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (6)(3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1), (3) (2), (b) (3),. (6) (6)

(j) (1) (b,C,-d, e; F), -(k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) ; (b) (2), (b)(3), (b)(6):

(i) (1) (b, c; d; e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) : (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (J.)

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (5) (3); (b) (6)-

(j) (1) (b,: c, d, e, £), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3) , (b) (6)

(j ) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3) , (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f)s (k) (1)

Other:

---

## Page 89

13-00000

+3

WHEE!

14 1009

*HEN

shr.

C.I.A.

RELEASE

Mr. Tolson.

Mr. Dolrach..

Mr. Molir

Mr. Bishop.

Mr. Casper.-

Mr. Callahan.

Mr. Comrad

Mr. Fut

Mr. (

Mr.

dir.

Mr.

Tavel

Mr. Tender.

Tele. Room.

Miss Holmeg

Miss Gandy_

RR ESV

DE ESC 050

1222137

ZNY SSSSS

R 111603Z APR 68

FM'DIRECIOR CIA

TO

DIREcTOR FBI

23679

SECRET

CIA NBR 90520

SUBJECT: CLAUDE CHESIER

MCLAREN dRa

tara 157098594901

1. A SENSITIVE RELIABLE SOURCE IN MEXICO CITY REPORTED THAT

SUBJECT, BORN 12 SEPT 1936 IN TEXAS, U.S. PASSPORI Z 155489,

ARRIVED MEXICO CITY FROM HONDURAS ON PAN AMERICAN FLIGHI ON

8 APRIL.

SOURCE NOTED SUBJECT HAD AMAZING

"PHOTOGRAPHS" OF ALLEEED ASSASSIN OF DR EXCITE LUTHER KING ma a

2. ANOTHER SENSITIVE RELIABLE SOURCE IN MEXICO CITY REPORTEBR IG 1968

THAT MCLAREN DEPARTED MEXICO CITY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT

EVENING 8 APRIL OCCUPYING SEAT NO. 41. SOURCE SAW PLANE

76

---

## Page 90

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TAXI OFF WITH SUBJECT ABOARD. ACCORDING TO SOURCE, CAPTAIN

OF THE PANAM FLIGHT (WHO RETURNED TO MEXICO CITY AFTERNOON

9 APRIL) REPORTEDLY SAID THAI SUBJECT ARRIVED IN HOUSTON.

3.. THIS OFFICE HAS NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECT.

4. THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR

BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE IN MEXICO CITY

GP- 1

BT

NNNN

INT QSL PLS GA

EFH FBI REC NBR 50*

TOR 11/2155Z XK:

C.I.A.

RELEASE

Ce: Mr. Papiel

---

## Page 91

13-00000

I NEE!

1121209

6910171

Bin.

C.I.A.

RELEASE

Mr. Tulson.

Mir. Dokrach

MIr. Molir..

Mr. Bishop

Mr. Carper

afr. Callishan

Mir. Contad

Dr. Felt

Mr.

Tavel

Mr. 'Trollor.

Tole. Room_

Miss Holmeg_

Miss Gandy

RIR ESK

DE ESC 650 1722137

ZHY SEESS

R 111603Z APR 68

FM'DIRECTOR CIA

TO DIRECTOR FBI

markity

BT

REGRET

CIA NBR 90520

SUBJECT: FELAUDE CHES

AREN, IR

1. TA SENSITIVE RELIABLE

SOURCE IN MEXICO CITY REPORTED THAF

SUBJECT, BORN 12 SEPT 1936 IN TEXAS, UOS, PASSPORI Z 155489,

ARRIVED MEXICO GITY FROM HONDURAS ON PAN AMERICAN FLIGHT ON

128509

THAT MCLARE DEPARTED FEXICO CITY FOR HOUSTON ON PANAM FLIGHT -

EVENING 8 APRIL SeCUPYING SEAT NO. 41. SOURCE SAW PLANES

604P1 22 808

---

## Page 92

13-00000

FAXI OFF

WITH SUBJECT ABOARD. ACCORDING TO SOURCE, CAPTAIN

OF THE PANAM FLIGHT SUHO RETURNED TO MEXICO CITY AFTERNOON

→ APRIL REPORTEDLY SAID THAI SUBJECI ARRIVED IN HOUSTON.

3.. THIS OFFICE HAS NO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SUBJECT.

4. THE INFORMATION IN PARA ONE HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE TO YOUR

BUREAU REPRESENTATIVE -

IN MEXICO CIT

GP- 1

NNNN

INT ASL PLS DA

FH FBI REG NDR 5Đ

C.I. A.

RELEASE

---

## Page 93

13-00000

ciA Documents

Des

TAB

(PICGISS

FBI Referral, 25 Mar 77

FOIA B

Request No.76-382

EXEMPTIONS

DOCUMENT

NUMBER

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable, Memorandum,

Dispatch

Other:

Date :

(b) (1), (b)(2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(1) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (K) (1)

Other:

Cable;

eno fand

Dispatch

(65 (1D, (6) (2), (6)(37, (1) (6)

Other:

Doc.

15 Lar 68F IPS, 26 00710

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

cable

emorandun, Dispatch

(b (1D), (6) (2), 462(3), <6) (6)

Other:

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (K) (1)

Date :

a Doc. 3, 0 Big man ten

Other:

Cable,

(Memorandum, Dispatch ::

Other

Date

(b) (1) , (b) (2), 86J

(b) (6)

(j) (1) (b; c; dj ej f), (k) (1) '

Other:

KING DOC.

Cable, (Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date.

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (0, c, d, e; f), (k) (1) :

Other:

• Meso to it'S

Cable, Memorandum;

Dispatch

May 68

(b) (1), (b) (2) , (6) (3), (5) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1),

Other:

Memorandum, Dispatch

Date

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(i) (1) (b, c, d, e, E), (k) (1)

Other:

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

(b) (1) , (b) (2),

(b) (3) , (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

---

## Page 94

13-00000

SECRET

SUBJECT:

18 April68

Station

Inveetsation of best of mertin luther ting, union for

Your Bureau representative in Mexico City provided

our representative with composite photographs of the suspected

Killer of Martin Luther King, JI, and asked for a check against

visitors to the Soviet and Cuban Embassies in Mexico City

during the recent months.

1.т.......а..

~2. Checks for persons appearing to resemble tha composito

photographs were negative at both Embassies. On 30 January

1968 an unidentified white male visited the Soviet Enbassy but

the description did not fit either the composite photograph or

the description provided by your Bureau representative.

However, our representative passed copies of the photographs

to your Bureau representative with the notation that he did not

appear to be identical with the Bureau suspect.

Our representa-

tive further stipulated that any use of the photographs in an

investigation should not reveal that the photographs were made

in Mexico or by this Office.

B-88, 18t8

SX-103

REC 1144-38861-1371-

AFR 23 1908

1.33

....

248

---

## Page 95

13-00000

CIA info in FBI Docimenti"

Dery per 21dpr77

DOCUMENT

NUMBER

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable,

Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

4/Шь

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Cable,

Memorandun, Dispatch

Other:

Aete : 22 AMk8

Cable, Memorandum

Other:

Date

4/28/68

Dispatch:

Cable,

Nemo randum;) Dispatch

Other:

Date

4/29/68

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date :

=

..;

TAB.C

(PICGIS)

FBI Referral, 25. MMT7

FOIA/EA Request No.16-387

EXEMP TIONS

(Б) (1)

(b) (2),

(5) (3)

(b)

16)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(6) (1), (b) (2),

(Б)

(6) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

(6) 0D, (6) (2),

(65.(3)

(55(6)

(j) (1) (b, c; d, e,-f),

(k) (1)

(3) (1), (6) (2), 6(3), (66

(j) (1) (b,c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(6) (1) (b) (2), (6){37,

(b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e,! f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) ; (B) (2), (b) (3), (B) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c,.d, e, F), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b)(3), (b)(6.

j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1,

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, F), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

---

## Page 96

13-00000

•/ UNCLASSIFIED

. CONFIDENTIAL

INITIAL REVIEW FORM

SECRET

TOP SECRET

Document Description:

-FBI Teletype

FOIA/BE Request No. 766-380

Dated:

4/11/68

Document Located By :

(Office Designation)

Document referred to DDO for review by:

EB/

RECOMMEND:

Release in full-text

Release in sanitized form

Deny in toto

Defer decision to

Coordination with Lit/DR prior to above denial/release

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

FOIA

PRIVACY

(

(

(

(

(

)

(

Classification

Information from a foreign liaison service

Information pertaining to a foreign liaison

(b) (1)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

relationship

Information which would/could identify the

(b) (3)

source

Information pertaining to a source

Information pertaining to intelligence methods (b) (3)

Location of CIA overseas installation

Location of unacknowledged domestic

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

installation

Name of CIA employee

File number

Pseudonym

Cryptonym

Internal organizational data

Name of an FBI agent

FBI file number

Privacy of other individual

Does not pertain to request

(b) (3)

(b) (2)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (7)

(b) (2)

(b) (6)

N/A

(k) (1)

(j) (1) (b) (c)

(j> (1) (b)(0)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

* ()

Information from another Government agency

Other,

specify:

(b) (1)

(j) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (6)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (f)

"Exempted portions

are not relevant

to the requester"

(j) (1) (c)

* For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943,

16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN~70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA) •

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:

all

inf

o demed

b1, 63,51

Man CHoes SAk/LA Document No.

Signature de Reviewing Officer & Office

(To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET CL BY 012170

---

## Page 97

13-00000

4/11/68

CODE

1-

HIT. ROSEn

TELETYPE

URGENT

hit.

G. C.

HOOLe

Griffith

Mir. Atkinson

TO LIGAT SANTO DOMINGO

VIA TÉLETYPE

FROM DIRECTOR FBI

MiukKIN

12320

APRIX 1968

ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

REURTELS NUMBERS THO AND FOUR DATED APRIL EIGHT IST.--

LENGPHEREDA

PERTINENT DATA IN RETELS HAS INCORPORATED INTO LHI AND

FURNISHED WEITE HOUSE, ATTORNEY GENERAL AND INTERESTED

GOVERNIENT AGENCIES BY LETTER APREL TEN INSTANT.

IN VIEW OF NATURE AND ENORMITY OF ALLICATIONS MADE BX

FILED IN

HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA CONCEENING THIS MATTER, LEGAT LUST ENDEAVOR

TO VERIFY OR DISPROVE SUCH ALLEGATIONS.

PHOTOGRATH OF ONE HERNAN HENRIQUEZ LORA, ALSO ENOWN AS

HERNAN HONRIQUEZ URENA LORA, BORN OCTOBER TWENTY FOUR, FIFTEEN,

UNFECERDED

AT SAN DIEGO, CUBA, OR

SANTIAGO DE CUBA, CURA, BEING FORWARDED

SEPARATELY.

RE # 14-31211-498

BUREAU FILES REVEAL ABOVE INDIVIDUAL IS DOMINICAN CITIZEN

18 APR 12 1968

AND HIS PARENTS HERE HAX AND GUARINA HENRIQUER.

ON APRIL SEVENTEEN SIXTY THO, ADVISED ABOVE HENRIQUEZ

DRA WAS CITIZEN OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC WHO HAD BEEN TRAVELING ON

Tolson

DeLooch &

CEBAT PASSPORT HUBER ONE ONE THO SEVEN DATID JANUARY THENTY FIVE,

Aohs -

Bishop -

Casper

Callohan

FIPTY NINE. EN ONE NINE SIX TYO HE RESIDED AS ANTONIO MAURA CINNA

Conrod

Fell

Gole.

Rosen

Sullivan

Tovel

• 105-168197 (R. Pap BrOWN)

Troller

- 100-416080 (s Carmichael:

Tele Room -2F1-755470c0lernon Kenriquez Lor

Gendy

MAIL ROOK

I TELETYPE UNIT LA

Tu SEE NOTE PACE INO

KHA: Iralei (10)

---

## Page 98

13-00000

*.

TELETYPE TO LEGAT SANTO DOMINGO

RE: ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

DID SRAIN.

ACCORDING TO CIA, US HAD BEEN INVOLVED IN DOTE

PRO-CASTRO AND ANTI-CASTRO ACTIVITIES IN HADRID DURING PFICEDING

TWO YEARS AND HAS SUSPICIED OF BEING A HIBER OF CUBIN &-THO.

THIS INFORMATION WAS CLASSIFIED "SICHRY" BY- CIA.

GIA ON AUGUST NINE, SIXTY SIX, ADVISIO IS HAD NOT HAD ANY

OPPLATIONAL INTERESI IN HERNAN HERRIQUER LOFA AND ITS FILES

INDICATED II HAS "YERY UNSAVORY REPUZATION. "

ADDITIGNAL PERTINENT INFORMATION CONCERNING HENRIQUEZ LORA

WILL BE FORWARDED BX AIRTEL.

NOTE:

Legat in retels reported Fenriquez Lora had

volunteered a third party had over heard a conversation

•ід.

Santo Domingo between two Dominican communists in which

It was alleged that Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown

advocated the death of lartin Luther fing and King's

assassination would benefit the cause of black violence.

+2-16311 15 ITW4,E8

cocure nill

---

## Page 99

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

CONFIDENZTAL

INITIAL REVIEW FORM

SECRET

/_/ TOP SECRET

Document Description:

Memo

Document Located By :

FBI

(Office Designation)

Document referred to DDO for review by:

RECOMMEND:

FOIA/PA Request No.

Dated: 4/29/68

Release in full-text

Release in sanitized form

Deny in toto

Defer decision to

Coordination with

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

_ prior to above dental/release

(x0)

(70)

FOIA

Classification

(b) (1)

Information from a foreign liaison service

(b) (3)

Information pertaining to a foreign liaison

(B) (3)

relationship

Information which would/could identify the

(b) (3)

source

Information pertaining to a source

(b) (3)

Information pertaining to intelligence methods (b) (3)

Location of CIA overseas installation

(b) (3)

Location of unacknowledged domestic

(b) (3)

installation

Name of CIA employee

File number

Pseudonym

Cryptonym

Internal organizational data

Name of an FBI agent

FBI file number

Privacy of other individual

Does not pertain to request

PRIVACY

(k) (1)

(j) (1) (6)(0)

(1) (1) (5) (0)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(b) (3)

(b) (2)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (7)

(b) (2)

(b) (6)

N/A

(j) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (6)

(j ) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j ) (1) (f)

"Exempted portions

are not relevant

to the requester"

another Government agency

(j) (1) (c)

Other, specify:

name is subsen of in respond i the uss

* For further guidance

desarding exemptions,

please see DDA-75-5943,

16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21,

14 February 1975 (FOIA).

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:

Document No.

(To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET

CL BY 012170

---

## Page 100

13-00000

Á1=00

80 29-68

Airtel

1 - Mr. Hudson

TO: SAC, Hashington Field

From: Director, FBI

MURKIN

APR 3 0 1968

On 1-28-68, a representative of CIA advised the

Bureau that a German doctor, Klaus Steer, German Director,

Scientific Department, Africa, E. Merck Aktiengesellschast,

Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy,

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, that he belleved he had seen an

individual whom he thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the

Bristol Hotel, Lagos Nigeria, on the alternoon of 4-23-68.

The individual was identified as Joe Musgaque, who 1s

or the Wilder Oil Company (address

unknown,.

Washington Fleld, check passport records for any

Identifying data concerning Musgague; and also attempt to

deternine through the Department of State any information

concerning the Wilder O1l Company, which reportedly is

operating in Nigeria.

I no information available in

State Departnent records regarding the Wilder Oil Company,

determine whether State Department can obtain this information

from the Nigerian Embassy.

Handle immediately.

1 • Memphis (info)

1-2440

EX-ILO REC 5

* APR 30 1969

FJH: j1h

(5)

NOTE:

See memorandum from J. A. Sizoo to W. C. Sullivan

dated 1-28-68, captioned "Murkin" JHK: brr.

rach

эр

shan

sd

3

Room

ie].

iy

1960

MAIL ROOM

TELETYPE UNIT C

---

## Page 101

13-00000

// UNCLASSIFIED

CONFIDENTIAL

INITIAL REVIEW FORM

SECRET

// TOP SECRET

FOIA/PA Réquest No.

Dated:

4/27/68

Document Description:

Document Located By :

FBI

(Office Designation)

Document referred to DDO for review by:

RECOMMEND:

Release in full-text

Release in sanitized form

Deny in toto

Defer decision to

Coordination with

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

prior to above denial/release

(4)

()

Classification

Information from a foreign liaison service

Information pertaining to a foreign liaison

relationship

{° Information which would/could identify the

FOIA

(b) (1)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

source

()

Information pertaining to a source

(b) (3)

Information pertaining to intelligence methods (b) (3)

Location of CIA overseas installation

(b) (3)

()

• .

Location of unacknowledged domestic

(b) (3)

installation

Name of CIA employee

(

File number

Pseudonym

Cryptonym

Internal organizational data

00)

Name of an FBI agent

FBI file number

Privacy of other individual

Does not pertain to request

(b) (3)

(b) (2)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (7)

(b) (2)

(b) (6)

N/A

()

* 10

Information

from another Government agency

(b) (1)

# For further guidance regarding exemptions, plea

16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21,

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECTAT, INSTRUCTIONS: THE

AT/M

PRIVACY

(K) (1)

(j) (1) (6)(c)

(j) (1) (b) (0)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (6)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (b)

•(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (e)

(j) (1) (6)

(1) (1) (5)

(j) (1) (F)

"Exempted portions

are not relevant

to the requester".

(j) (1) (c)

ignature of

Document No.

(To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET

CL BY 012170

---

## Page 102

13-00000

PATIONAL ICHi NO. 10

M2.81968 ADITION

GDA CEM.

11o

но. 17

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum

: Mr. W. C. Sullivan

: J: A. S1200

T MURKIN

..io

Coil it.

DATE:

4/28/68

r."

i peeries

Norman Pulis,

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), advised

this date that a german

doctor, Klaus Steer, German Director,

Scientific Department, Africa,

Karmstady, Germany, had advised the American Embassy, Addis Ababa,

ethiopia,, that

E. Merck Aktiengesellschast,

•Ethiopia, that he believed he had seen an individual

whom he

thought to be Eric Starvo Galt at the Bristol Hotel, Lagos,

Nigeria; on the afternoon of 1/23/68.

Because he thought the

Individual looked like Galt he made an effort to get some

information concerning him. He found he was registered at the

hotel as Joe Musgaque, Room 403, receipt number D52138;

account number 08325.

The doctor did notknow if lusgague had

registered at. the hotel as an American. In conversation with

Musgaque the doctor learned that Musgaque was employed by the

Wilder Oil Company (adress unknown) and was en route to . Warri

Oil Field, Nigeria.

Bufiles contain no references to Joe Musgague or the

Wilder Oil Company.

Mr. Pulin, CIA, was advised that Bufiles contain ao

references to Joe Musgaque or Wilder Oil Company.

ACTION:

None.

For information.

This is being referred to

the General Investigative Division.

• JHK: brr

(8)

• 1 - Mr. Sullivan

Mr.

Rosen

Mr.

Siz00

-

ir.

G.C. Moore

Mx.

Mc Gowan

Mr.

Mc Donough

- Mr. Kavanagh

REC- 31

- 246/

)

.і:..

JR.

/ KAI - 1958

---

## Page 103

13-00000

SHAY 1967 POITION

GSA GEN.

ARG. NO. 21

UNITED) STATES G

ERNMENT

Memorandum

TO

DATE: Ap111 22, 1968

FROM

iC

SUBJECT: MURKIN

Tolson.

DeLoach

Matr

Ristep -

Casper

Callahon

Conrad.

Feis.

poic —

Posen

sullivan

Torel -

Trotter .

Те:в. Ро=-.

Holmes - fie

пістрн

At 6:35 pm 4/22/68, John Mapother, Clandestine Service,

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), furnished the following

information to Night Supervisor James F. McGuire by telephone:

CIA sources in Panama have réported two American citizens

are being detained in Panama City, Panama, at the request of the

Costa Rican authorities.

Allegedly, they

are being detained in

connection with the assassination of Martin Luther King.

individuals are identified as Tom Holman, born 7/17/44 in New York.

Wolman has Passport Number J085474, issued 1/29/68, and his

permanent residence is shown as 30

Larrys Lane, Pleasantville,

New York.

The other individual is identified as Douglas Harry

Hulbard, Passport Number 330926. Hulbard is descrined as a former

soldier who has returned to Panama to be married.

Cia did not

have any further descriptive data

regarding Hulbard.

These two individuals were traveling in a Chevrolet,

License Number 23GH19, Motor Number 13 387 13 113711.

vehicle

and license plates could not be further described by CIA. According

to CIA, Wolman's passport indicates he had entered and departed

El Salvador and Honduras on 4/17/68; Nicaragua on 4/18/68.

Mr. Mapother advised he has no indication why the Costa

Rican authorities have requested the detention of the above-

Further, he does not know of any factual

connection of these individuals with the King case. He said CIA

sources were trying to develop this matter further.

He also

advised that CIA would send the FBI a written communication

concerning this matter on 4/23/68.

At 9:10 pm 4/22/68, Norman Poulin, CIA, orally advised

that a check had been made with the Costa Rican authorities and

determined that Costa Rica has no information regarding the above-

mentioned individuals;

that Costa Rica did not request Panamanian

authorities to hold these individuals, that they have no request

from any American authorities to detain them;

and that they have

if.,

JEM:chs (7)

4CL-48 CONTINUED TOVE M

44-31861-168

1 - NI. Sullivan

1

- Mr. J.A.Sizoo

- Mx. Rosen

1

- Mr.

• Papich

& AHR 2. 1 1968

- Mr ohelgeson

1 - Mr. J.F.McGuire

6

Tried a -

GAPRECISC

Dis 95853

---

## Page 104

13-00000

Memorandum to Mr. Sullivan

RE:

MURKIN

no knowledge of any connection between these individuals and

the assassination of Martin Luther King.

Poulin indicated that

the entire information may be a complete hoax; however, CIA will

advise FBI if any additional data comes to their attention.

ACTION:

The above information was orally furnished to Mr. Helgeson,

General Investigative Division.

2

---

## Page 105

13-00000

•ГО

FROM

SUBJEÇT:

Memorandum

Nico Do J. Brennan, Jro/p3,

S. Jo Papicha)

MURKIN

DAT!: April 17, 1968

Dolout -

80hi -

brestop -

Co:ae:

Collar. 5.

Coniad -

fail -

Rayer

Sallivan -

Taral -

Trollo: -

Tele. Fican

Holars -

Richard Ober,

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),

furnished the following to the Liaison Agent on April 17,

1968:

A CIA source, characterized as being very rellable,

advised that on or about Apzil 15, 1968, an Individual identi

By the Tokyo, sae, olice of the Nati

U. S. seaman, called

of the National Maritime

Union and

asked to be signed on a ship as soon as possible. (It should

be noted that reference is being made to the office of the U.s.

National Maritime Union.) He was asked to furnish his local

address in Tokyo, and he refused to do so.

He became very

agitated and then left. So far he has not returned to the

aforementioned office. CIA's source stated that Richards

answers, the general description of the suspect in the instant

case: as reported in newspapers.

Richards volunteered Information

indicating that

he applied for seaman's papers 1a Saa Pedro, CalifOT 1e on

June 16, 1964, and that he registered as a member

National Maritime Union in San Pedro on February 21, 1968.

He has Social Security number 562-46-5078 and U. S. Coast

Guard identifying document Z2711-782•

was born April 8

1937. 10 Missour (town not given). CIA's source described

him as 5'10"; 155 pounds; brown hair, receding hairline on

both sides; a scar, not prominent, about two and one half

inches long across

the eenter of his forehead. His most

described as "dis-

given to our Legat, Tokyo.

It this lead washes out, CIA would like to be advised,

ACTION:

The above information is being directed to the

attention of the Civil Rights Section of the

General Investigative Division.

SJP:clb! ~ (4)

1 - Mr. McGowan (Long)

Liaison

Mr • Papich'

.!

2. 10

Barel in wife?

coland is

made chatto

---

## Page 106

13-00000

CrA. info in fBI Documents

Refer to other components

DOCUMENT

NUMBER

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date: 9

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Date:

Refer to mater

Cable Memorandun, Dispatch

Other:

Date :.

4.111/68

Refer to 05

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch. :*

Other::

Date

Cable,

Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date ' :

Cable, Memorandum;- Dispatch-

Other:

Date...:

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

Cable, Memorandum, Dispatch

Other:

Date

TAB D

(PICCis).

FBI Referral, 25 mar 77)

FOIA/EX Request No. 76-382

EXEMPTIONS

(b) (1) ; (b)(2),

(b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b; c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (6) (2), (6) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f),

(k) (1)..

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2) ; (b)(3) , 1(b) (6): 0.0

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e; f), (k) (1)

Other:•

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3); (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d; e; f), (k) (1) :

Other:

(b) (1), (b) (2) ; (6)(3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(i) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (b) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f),

(k) (1)

Other:

(b) (1) , (b) (2), (6) (3), (b) (6)

(j) (1) (b, c, d, e, f), (k) (1)

Other:

---

## Page 107

13-00000

TO

FROM

SUBJECT:

OPTIONAL FORM NO, 1O

s0r0-100

MAY 1008 EDITION

GIA, GEN, RIG. MO. 27

UNITED STATES GE!

RNMENT

Memorandum

Mr. Dekoackpo

A. Rosen t

MURKIN

Tol: or.

DeLooch

Hahr

jo'k

Cost'::

Collck.cn

Conrad

Felt

Gale

he. Room

Holmes -

Gandy

711979371

DATE April 9, 1968

1 - Mr. DeLoach

1 - Mr. Rosen

1 - Mr. Malley

1 - Mr. McGowan

1 - Mr. McDonough

1 - Mr. Long

1 - Mr. Martindale

1 - Mr. Bishop

1 - Mr. Conrad

1 - Mr. Sullivan

song.

This is the case involving the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr.,

54

4/4/68.

..=

One of the most promising leads developed so far is the laundiy

tags appearing on a T-shirt and a pair of shorts apparently abandoned by

the subject with the rifle that is believed to be the murder weapon. It

has been determined that these laundry marks were made by a Thermo Seal

marking machine manufactured by the Textile Marking Machine Company,

Syracuse, New York. The manufacturer of this machine has advised that

the laundry marks in question are unusual in that theyiconsist of five

characters whereas the usual code contains six characters.

These markings are also unusual because the first two characters

are in smaller type while the remaining three characters are in larger

• type.'=Ihe normal arrangement is for the first three characters to be in

smaller type and for the following characters to be in larger type. The

| Textile Marking Machine Company has stated only a limited number of

machines have been manufactured which print laundry marks in this

manner.

Investigation is proceeding on an expedited basis to locate these

machines for the purpose of identif the landry marks. i

SEC 64 - 3486/517

Richard Helms, Director of the Central Intellfgêhce Agency, has

furnished the Central Intelligence Agency file on Robert Ervin ramar,

M. D., Berkeley, California, whom Helmsconsiders a Suspect because of

his resemblance to an artist's conception of the subject and becise of the

Central Intelligence Agency's experience with Kramer.

The Central

Intelligence Agency file states Kramer has a long arrest record and contains

a Berkeley Police Department photograph, dated 1/27/66, number 22805.

Enclosure deut 4-9-68

dicot genestice

WIM 41968,41

10949

yea

CONTINUED - OVER*

---

## Page 108

13-00000

Memorandum to Mr. DeLoach

RE: MURKIN

He has been a chronic letter writer to the Central Intelligence Agency

criticizing them and the Government. By letter of 12/29/67 Kramer

requested the Central Intelligence Agency to pay him $100, 000 monthly

for six months for a paper on geopolitical economy he had previously

submitted. He concluded his letter with the statement, "In the event that

you fail to acknowledge my request, I can accept no responsibility for

any future efforts necessary to gain the combined ends of ideal

government and financial recompense.!

The only record of Kramer found in Bureau files is a

I memorendum from the Central Intelligence Agency, 1/18/69, advising

us of his letters to the Central Intelligence Agency.

No record can be

located in the Identification Division but Kramer's fingerprints are being

/ obtained from the Berkeley police:

A. C. Hayden, Intra-Division Information Unit of the Department,

advised on the evening of 4/8/68 that Beatrice Rosenberg, a secretary in

the Attorney General's office, had received a telephone call from a

man identifying himself as Frederick Dunstan who said he resided at

Route 350, Whitefield, North Carolina.

\ Dunstan said he was calling the

Attorney General to report that a white man was in his house, was drunk,

had a gun and said he had killed Martin Luther King, Jr.

There is no Whitefield, North Carolina. There is a Whiteville,

North Carolina®

Investigation by the Charlotte Division has failed to.

locate a Route 350, Box 350, or Highway 350 in the Whiteville area and

no record of a Frederick Dunstan has been located. No record of Dunstan

could be found in Bureau files.

A pair of duckbill pliers was found among the personal effects

believed to have been abandoned by the subject. These pliers bear a

trademark of'the Rompage Hardware Company, Los Angeles. Employees

at the hardware company believe this is one of twelve pliers purchased in

October, 1966. Employees have no recollection of the sale of these

pliers but an exhaustive search is being made of charge sale records.

It is noted that the rifle believed to be the murder weapon was

purchased in Birmingham, Alabama, 3/30/68. Binoculars found with the

rifle were purchased in Memphis, 4/4/68. A latent fingerprint found on

the rifle is identical with a latent fingerprint found on the binoculars. This

presents a strong probability that these fingerprints are those of the subject.

-

= 2-

CONTINUED PAGE THREE

---

## Page 109

13-00000

Memorandum to Mr. DeLoach

RE: MURKIN

Other major avenues of investigation include checking out

white Mustang automobiles, since one was seen leaving at a high rate

of speed after the shot was fired; efforts to trace a bedspread or blanket

found with the gun, and the immediate processing of all suspects as

soon as they are developed.

ACTION:

• 1 Attached is a memorandum for the White House, the Attorney

General, the Deputy Attorney General and the Civil Rights Division.

2. Investigation is continuing on an all-out basis.

stow

iced raid add dieticia

3

---

## Page 110

13-00000

TO

:

FROM

SUBJECT:

• ESA GEN. IPO. NC. 21

UNITED STATES-GOVERNMENT

Memorandum

Mr. Rosen 24

C. L. McGowan !

DATE: April 10, 1968

1 - Mr. Rosen

- Mr. Malley

1

1

- Mr. MCGowan

- Mr. Long

MURKIN

This is the matter involving the assassination

of Dr. Martin Luther Ring.

Llaison advised of the receipt of information

from Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that one Robert

Kramer was a possible suspect.

обок, в.

According to Information

furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of

CIA, Kramer,

who is a doctor, has been a source of

trouble to CIA for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms

received

' a very cryptic telegram from Kramer.: In reviewing

Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a

very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist

drawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers.

The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it

should be brought to the attention of the FBI immediately.

ACTION:

Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria,

Virginia,

was telephonically contacted and

instructed to

obtain full details from the files of CIA Headquarters

at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-

mation on Kramer, as

well as a photograph, so that this

matter could be thoroughly checked out.

(5)

• :

101

Tolson -

DeLnach .

Moht _

Bishop -

Casper -

Callahan

Conrad :

Felt -

Gale -

Rosen -

Sullivan.

Tavel -

Trotter -

Tole. Room

Holmes -

Gandy -

REC- 31

44-3184-638

12 APR 16 1968

---

## Page 111

13-00000

Libiti

SUBJECT:STAAR, Riekard Felix -

akaGWIAZDOWSKI, Richard Felix

DPOB

10 January 1923, Warsaw, Poland

16.

1

ENCLOSURE

Subject of FBI investigations in 1954 (Voice of America)

and 1956 (USIA) - Bureau File 123-15026.

Of possible interest is similarity betweed his name and

that of "Eric Starvo GALT." In that Richard STAAR is

similar.

GWIAZDA is "star" in Polish. Among STAAR's

references on a 1949 PHS is Professor Stanley AULT,

Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

From 1959 to 1962 (latest information available) STAAR.

was a Professor of Political Science at Emory University,

Atlanta, Georgia. His local residence addresses during

that period are shown as 303 Vickers Drive, N. F.,

Atlanta, 7, and 879 Clifton Rd., N.E., Atlanta, Georgia.

EX. 124

X-115

2EC- 19

14-372

110 APR 23 1968

REC- 3I

Cr:14618i

1549

Ei

(H)

dise

79 MAY

T. - 1958

SEGRET

---

## Page 112

13-00000

---

## Page 113

13-00000

TO

FROM

SUBJECT:

OPTIOÑAL PORM NO, 10

MAT IDAZ BOITION

3010-100

125-1

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum

Mr. Rosen/bu

C. L. McGowan

DATE: April 10, 1968

1 - Mr. Rosen

1

- Mr. Malley

- Mr. McGowan

I

- Mr. Long

MURKIN

This is the matter involving the assassination

of Dr. Martin Luther King.

Ilaison advised of the receipt of information

fröm Richard Helms,

Director of CIA, that one Robert

Kramer was a possible suspect. According to intormation

furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of

CIA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of

trouble to CIA for some time.

Only recently Mr. Helms

received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer. In reviewing

Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which

bears a

very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist

drawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers.

The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it

should be brought to the attention of the FBI immediately.

ACTION:

Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria,

Virginia,

was telephonically contacted and

instructed to

obtain full details from the files of CIA Headquarters

at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor-

mation on Kramer, as

vell as a photograph, so that this

matter could be thoroughly checked out.

(5)

101

Tolson

DeLnach

Mohr -

Bishop

Casper

Collahan.

Conrad:

Felt -

Gale _

Rosen.

Sullivan.

Tavel .

Troller -

Tole. Room

Holmes -

Gandy.

REC-31

44-31861-639

i2 APR IG 1968

z0amines

d.

---

## Page 114

13-00000

LOG AS

APPEAL (F-76-382)

Doesn't he or us

money?

Appeal = 76-382,

is. Gene, Vilson, FCIA/PA Coordinator

Rt. 12, Irederick, lid. 21701

Battral Intelligence Agency

7/21/77

(Tom Oa, ar succassan

Washington, D.C.

Dear Ir. Wilson,

RIQU SỘT

The news account of your coming release of an additional 4,000

rages on that might

be called mind-bending reminds me that my requests seen to me to cover this and that you

have not notified ne of this release. I do want these. If you interpret ny prior requests

as not covering them then consider this a new request. Et recollection is that my initial

requests cover anything and verything directly or indirectly related to this subisct. that:

you have interpreted my requests as I have is evidence iron prior correspondence noti-

quest for. Under the Act there is authority for the remission of all costs and ices. l believe

ivey. I meet the requirements for this remission and I nake the request fornally. My work

ме!о

ive.s.

1s restricted exclusively to what is now regarded as inportant historical cases, In one

on which Ih have paid the CIA large sums vithout compliance, the ling assassination, the

is a.

Previous Attorney General so held, forally, confired by a federal judge. I have already

arranged to give all my records, not just thess, to a university system. I believe at an

earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a fornal appeals

at

pending a determination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department of Justice

foes

writk regard to me and on this.. The Departrent provided & bargain-basenent response, a

¿ se

Sofa reuission that I have appealed and vill if nacessamy litigate. I hope the CIA vill

Nei!, act favorably on this.

It has been a very long tine since I have heard Iron you about a multitude of requests

all long overdus by your own backlog clairs.. One of those is on the King assassination, In

that you nay recall jou estimated a $1,000f search fee and asted ior end received a $500

deposit. What you lave sent is ludicrous. In the long time in wich I have heard and

received nothing further I think you have in effect refused the request after charging

peal

fees so this is also an appeal oa tha Kina/Ray records.

I an asking again when I may expect to hear from you on all the other requests,

including my PA request for the records on me. The appeal is several years old now. My

those righis. This is impossible without obtaining ali copies first. As.I have toid you

repeatedly I would prefer not to have to litigate this. That I am thus really asting you

is does the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1971 and on which it is

not in compliance? Not even processed tre appeal?

nong the factors naking it difficult to keep track of these non-compliances is your

failure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. - I have then

Kunai follows is an appeal fron a refusal. -f I have not it is a ner request. I would like

all records relating to my requests and appeals; including their sequentzal relationships

jo i to other requests, under both Acts and particularly as this relates to compliance with

so l other requests.

Ed K

sirif"o

Sinctrely,

Are wid

Harold Weisberg

---

## Page 115

13-00000

LOG AS

APPELL (F-76-332)

Doesn't he ave us

monay?

Appeal 5-76-382,

Ik. Gene, Wilsoz, FOIA/PA Coordinator

Rt. 12, Irederick, lid. 21701

• Battral Intelligence Agency

7/21/77

(Tom O., an succorsar.)

Hashington, D.C.

Dear aro dilson,

LOG THIS tS A NEW

The news account of your coming release of an additional 4,000

pages on what might

be called mind-bending reninds me that my requests seem to me to cover this and that you

have not notified ne of this release. I do want these. If you interpret ny prior requests

as not covering then then consider this a new request. ly recollection is that my initial

requests cover anything and verything directly or indiractly related to this subject. That

you have interpreted my requests as I have is evidence from prior correspondence noti..

fying ne of releases.

it fur: Under the Act there is authority for the renission of all costs and fees. I believe

w. I meet the requirements for this remission and I make the request forally. My work

is restricted ezclusively to what is now regarded as inportant historical cases, In one

on which Ih have paid the CIl large suns ithout compliance, the ling assassination, the

previous Attorney General so held, formally, contimed by a federal juage. I have already

arranged to give all my records, not just thess, to a university system. I believe at ar

earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a fornal appeals

pending a deterrination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department of Justice

Tr

wit's regard to me and on this.. The Departrent provided 2 bargain-basement response, a

50, renission that I have appealed and will if necessary litigate. I hope the CIA will

Ill act favorably on this.

It has been a very long time since I have heard from you about a multitude of requests

all long overdus by your own backlog claius. One of these is on the king assassination,

In

that vou may recall you estimated a 11,000% search fee and astred for and received a $500

deposit. What you have sent is ludicrous. In the long time in which I have heard and

received nothing further I think you have in effect refused the request after charging

fees so tnis is also an apieal on tha kind/Ray raco ds.

I ail asking again when I may expect to hear fron you on all the other requests,

including my PA request for the records on me. The appeal is several years old now. ky

recollection is that yojr last reference to this stated the processing of the appeal had

Iot bean conpleted. I have rights under the Act to nor: than copies. I want to exercise

those righis. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. As.! have toid you

repeatedly I vould prefer not to have to litigate this. What I am thus really asicing you

is does the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1971 and on which it is

not in compliance? Hot even processed tye appeal?

Anong the factors naking it difficult to keep trach of these non-compliances is your

failure to respond as well as to comply. I beliere I have asked this before. It I have then

nihat follows do an appeal iron a rulusal. if I have not at is a now request. I vouza like

Ed K.

all records relating to ny requests and appeals; including their sequeitial relationships

• ¡ to other requests, under both Acts and particulazly as this relates to corpliance with

Lothor requests.

ipiies,"

sincerely,

LLoHdSsZ

52 70p

Harold Weisberg

---

## Page 116

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: "(Optional)"

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

FROM:

FOIA Appeal - Harold Weisberg, for information about

Martin Luther King, JI. and James Earl Ray

EXTENSION

5117

IPS F 76-382

H.G. Bean

Assistant

for Information, DDA

7D 02 HQ

TO: (Officer designation, room number; "and

DATE

building)

DATE SENT.

15- AUG IJ/7.

SUSPENSE DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Mr. Wells, DDO

THRU: Mr. Addona, DDO/PICG

1. D 4125 HQ

_HI-1

Attached is an FOIA Appeal

with a due date of 19 Aug 77.

DDO/PIC 16 AUG 1971

In accordance with IPS pro-

cedures, the Chairman has assigned

action for this appeal as follows:

3.

Mr. Dirks,

DDS&'T

THRU: Mr. Redmond, DDS&T/FIO

6 F 56 HQ

BY-1

4.

5.

Mr. Stevens, DDI

THRU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO

2 E. 6104 HQ

EX-4

6.

Mr. Wells. Mr. Dirks,

Mr. Stevens and Mr. Blake

Designated Action Member (s)

should contact me within 48 hours

should there be any objection to

the case assignment.

The OGC attorney assigned to

advise you or your Appeals Officer

regarding this case is:

Mr. Blake, DDA

7. D 26 HQ

BX-4

8.

9.

Mr. Ziebell, OGC

6-D-0120 - Hqs. BX-5

10.

MI. Ziebell

The Action Member or Appeals

Officer is requésted to ensure

that staff work is completed and

the case is ready for presentation

(should such be required) at the

11 Aug 77 meeting:

Mr. Biddiscombe, OS/ IRG

GE 31 HQ

FX-1

12.

Bean

RETURN 10:

PRIORITY HANDLING

FOIA REQUEST

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 117

13-00000

LOG(F)

Acknsrslergco.en

dratt.co

JAMES H.LESAR

ATTORNEY AT LAW

1231 FOURTH STREET, S. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024

TELEPHONE (202) 484-6023

F 76-382

June 11, 1976

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST

DDO

cRs?

OGE?

Mr. Gene F. Wilson

Freedom of Information Coordinator

Central Intelligence Agency

Washington, D. C.

20505

Dear Mr. Wilson:

On behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg of Frederick, Maryland, I

request access to the following:

1. All records pertaining to DI. Martin Luther King, JI.

2. All records pertaining to the assassination of Di. Martin

Luther King, JI.

3. All records pertaining to James Earl Ray, under whatever

name or alias.

4. All records on any alleged or (suspected accomplice or

associate in the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, JI.

5. All collections of published materials on the assassination

of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

6. All analyses, commentaries, reports, or investigations on

of in any way pertaining to any published materials on the assassi-

nation of DI. Martin Luther King, JI. of the authors of said materials.

7. All records, letters, cables, memorandums, routing slips,

photographs, tape recordings,

receipts, sketches, computer printouts

or any other form of data pertaining to or in any way relevant te

the foregoing requests for information, regardless of source or s

origin.

This request is made under the provisions of the Freedom obs

Information Act, 5 U.S.C. $552, as amended by Public Law 93-502e

Sincerely yours,

James t Fern

Lesa

---

## Page 118

13-00000

21 JUN 1976

James H. Lesar, Esquire

1231 Fourth Street, S.W.

Washington, D.C. 20024

Dear Mr. Lesar:

This acknowledges receipt of your letter of 11 June 1976

on behalf of Mi. Harold Weisberg requesting, under provisions

of the Freedom of Information Act, access to any CIA records

dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and/or James Earl Ray

and any of his alleged or suspected

accomplices in Dr. King's

assassination.:

I shall arrange for a search of CIA files and shall be in

further comnunication with you once the search has been completed

and any records found reviewed for releasability under the Act.

As you may know, the heavy volume of Freedom of Information

requests received by the Agency has resulted in processing back-

logs.

If we do not respond within the 10 working days stipulated

by the Act, it is your right to construe this as a denial, subject

to appeal to the CIA Information Review Committee. It would seem

more reasonable, however, for us to continue processing your request

and to respond as soon as feasible. Any denials of records could

be appealed at that time. Unless we hear from you otherwise, we

will assume that this is agreeable to you and proceed on this basis.

for your information, I am enclosing a copy of our tee schedule.

I shall provide you

If the charges seem likely to be consa partial payment in advance

estimate and perhaps require

of processing.

Sincerely,

/ s/GFI

Gene F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosure:

as stated

IPS/CES/cb/21 Jun 76Distribution:

Orig - Addressee

1 VIPS (h-06-382)

---

## Page 119

13-00000

3 0 NOV 1976

James H. Lesar, Esquire

1231 Fourth Street, S.H.

Washington, DC 20024

Dear Mr. Lesar:

IPS/DGV/cr/29 Nov 76

Distribution:

Orig. - Addressee

1. - OGC (Strickland)

1 - DDO/PICG

fride ford

- OS/IRG

- AI/DDA

Q- IPS (Weisberg, F-76-382)

SPR

- IPS (Weisberg Correspondence)

1. - IPS Chrono

You will rocall that our latter of 21 June 1976 acinorlodgad

recoipt of your letter on behalf of HI. Harold Veisbarg requesting,

under provisions of the Fresson of Inforaation Act, access to any

CIA records desling with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and to those

dealing sith Janes Earl

Ray and any of his alloged or suspeeted

accomplices in us. Ling's assassination.

He find that ve are unable to respond to your request as it

now stands due to lagal and regulatory restrictions on the releaso

of personal information froa-official records. In that light,

please be advised that no can proceed no further with your request

unloss and until no ato in receipt of notarized statements of re-

lease from Mrs, Coretta King and Janes Earl Ray, respectively.

Those statenents should be quito specific as to what areas of

personal inforuation are and are not authorizod for release by this

Agency to you and your client. If all infornation in our records

is relaasable, that should bo so stated; if only such inforustion

prost no so seated;

as relates to specific incidents or to specifie periods of time is

reloasable, those caveats should ba clearly stated.

Finally, we must ask that you provide s stateuent of silllag-

ness to pay search and duplication fees as required by this raquest

and in lino with the fee schedule enclosed. It has been estinated

that such charges could approsch $1000.

Along with the notarized

statements above, and the statement of willingness to pay all search

and copying charges (ot those up to an established linit), we would

require a down payment of half the anticipated charzes. Payment

should be ande to this office in the for of a check or monay order

payable to

Treasurer of the United States.

ncerely,

Talen

Gene F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

Enclosure

---

## Page 120

13,00000

F-76-382

EK

JAMES H. LESAR

ATTORNEY AT LAW

1231 FOURTH STREET, S. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024

TELEPHONE (202) 484-6023

December 3, 1976

Mr. Gene F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

Central Intelligence Agency

Washington, D. C. 20505

Dear Mr. Wilson:

In response to your letter of November 30, 1976, Mr. Harold

Weisberg has authorized me to state his willingess to pay search

and copying charges up to the amount of $1,000 if such charges are

required by his Freedom of Information Act request for records

pertaining to DI. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his assassination.

Because you require a down payment of half the anticipated charges,

I enclose a check for $500.00:

This payment of $500.00 and any subsequent payments made in

connection with this request are tendered with the express reserva

tion that Mr. Weisberg does not waive his right to recover them.

C.I.A. regulations provide:

Records shall be furnished without charge

or at a reduced rate whenever the Coordina-

tor determines that waiver or reduction of

the charge is in the public interest because

furnishing the information can be considered

| 21 PM 76

as primarily benefiting the general public:

The Coordinator also may waive or reduce the

charge whenever he determines that the inte-

rest of the government would be served there-

by. 32 C.F.R. $1900.25(a) •

In accordance with this regulation, I call upon you to

determine that it is

in the public and governmental interest to

waive search and copying charges incurred in connection with Mr.

Weisberg's request.

Enclosed herein is a copy of a letter to Deputy

Attorney General Harold R. Tyler, JI. which makes a similar request

of the Department of Justice.

The reasons expressed in that letter

for granting a waiver are incorporated in my request that you grant

a waiver.

Should you require it, I will provide you with affidavits by

myself, Mr. Weisberg, and others

in support of this request for

waiver of the search

and copying charges for these records. IE you

do wish supporting affidavits. I would appreciate it if you would

---

## Page 121

13-00000

2

inform me of this as soon as possible. I would also request

that you indicate what standards, if any, you have established

for determining whether or not a request for waiver should be

granted

You state that you can proceed no further with Mr. Weisberg's

request "unless and until we are in receipt of notarized state-.

ments of release from Mrs. Coretta King and James Earl Ray,

respectively." Because Mr. Weisberg's request undoubtedly

• com-

prises records which do not involve any proper claim of privacy,

this cannot be true. I do enclose, however, a copy of a notarized

waiver by James Earl Ray. I will immediately contact Mrs. King

about a waiver by her.

In the meantime, I request that you proceed

to make available those records responsive to Mr. Weisberg's re-

quest which do not involve any proper claim of invasion of privacy.

Sincerely yours,

James H. Ferar

---

## Page 122

13-00000

13 JAN 1977

James H. Lesar, Esquire

1231 Fourth St%

NW

Washington, DC 20024

Dear Mr. Lesar:

Thank you for your letter of 27 December. This will acknowledge

receipt of the sworn walver executed by Mr. James Earl Ray, and to

advise that processing of this portion of your request has been initi-

ated.. Upon receipt of the sworn waiver from Mrs. King, as mentioned

in your letter of 3 December, we will then be able to proceed with all

aspects of your FOlA request.

We also wish to acknowledge receipt of

your check for $500.

Thank you for your assistance and continued cooperation.

This request has been assigned the case number F-76-382.

Sincerely,

I Fellow

Gene F. Wilson

Information and Privacy Coordinator

IPS/EK/cb/12 Jan 77

Distribution:

Orig - Addressee

- Ips Chrono

/ IPS F-76-382

1 - OGC

---

## Page 123

13-00000

MYLY

HAN

NG

Optionel!

FOIA Appeal - Harold Weisberg, for information ahout

Martin Luther King, Jr. and James Earl Kay

ExtenSiON

H.G. Baan

Assistant for Information, DDA

7 D 02 HQ

5117

¡Cricer designation, roum number, arri

DAÏE

building)

RECEIVED

OFFICERS

INITIALS

FORWARDED

Mr. Wells, DDO

THRU: Mr. Addona, DDO/PICG

1D D HQ

HT-1

!. CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

→ 0A

REQUEST

IPS E 76-382

15 A05 iu//

3.

Mr. Dirks, DDS&T

THRU: Mr. Redmond, DDS&I/FIO

6 E 56 HQ

BY-1

5.

Mr. Stevens, DDI

THRU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO

2 E 6104 HQ

_FX-4

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Mr. Blake, DDA

7. D 26 HQ

BX-4

Mr. Ziebell, OGC

6-D-0120 - Hqs. BX-5

Mr, Biddiscombe, OS/IRG;

GE 31 HQ

FX-1

WEIS BE

COMMENTS (Number such comment is show from whom

in whom.

Drow a line across column after each comment.)

Attached is an FOIA Appeal

with a due date of 19 Aug 77.

In accordance with IPS pro-

cedures, the Chairman has assigned

action for this appeal as follows:

Mr. Wells, Mr. Dirks,

Mr. Stevens and Mr. Blake

Designated Action Member (s)

should contact me within 48 hours

should there be any objection to

the case assignment.

The OGC attorney assigned to

advise you or your Appeals Officer

regarding this case is:

Mr. Ziebell

The Action Member or Appeals

Officer is requested to ensure

that staff work is completed and

the case is ready for presentation

(should such be required) at the

11 Aug 77 meeting-

6710 en

Beăn

112.

BEFURN

PRONE ENDING O RECUET

1113719

I SECRET I

CONFIDENTIAL

INTERNAL

USE ONL

I UMOLASSIFIED

---

## Page 124

13-00000

FB/

Refenrel nich ein

28 борт 70

deletare

5 de ongeshe п/ciA

761

dine facia cone, te

---

## Page 125

13-00000

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

F

382

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

WASHINGTON, D.C.

20535

Date:

To:

September 28, 1977

BY COURIER

Freedom of Information Act Coordinator

Central Intelligence Agency

Washington, D. C.

Attention: Gene F. Wilson

Room 2E 42

From:

Clarence M. Kelley, Director

Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUEST OF

HAROLD WEISBERG

is fine

ile

Ladencis.

unless

TIPS REGISTRY

F7Y-0854

"Licit"

This is in reference to our referral of documents

to your Agency dated August 18, 1977, and your response

to that referral dated September 974-564 eled 919177

We have segregated from this referral those documents

which are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's FOIA request.

The remaining documents which are being forwarded to your

Agency are construed to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's

request.

Should you reach a determination that some of

these documents are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's request,

please return those documents which you so consider to the

We would appreciate your processing all those documents

which you consider to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's

request as it is necessary that we resolve the disposition

of these documents and so inform the requester without

further delay.

Attached are five documents from our files which

originated with your Agency.

Please examine these documents

and if classified, determine if classification is to be

If continued classification is not warranted,

or if the documents are unclassified and otherwise

releasable,

please delete any portion to be withheld under the FOIA

and cite the applicable exemptions.

---

## Page 126

13-000.00

Centr

Intelligence Agency

Also attached are(two FBI documents which contain

information received from your agency:

The information

is being referred for a current classification determination

and releasability under the provisions of the FOIA.

If there are any questions regarding the above,

please contact Ralph Harp, FOIPA Branch, at telephone number

324-5566°

Enclosures

(8)

2

---

## Page 127

13-00000

dAMESH.LESAR

ATTORNEY AT LAW

: 1291 FOURTH STREET: 8. W:

WASHINOTON. D. 6.80024

TaLennOns (802) 484-8028

December 23, 1975

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST

MI. Harold Tyler, Jr.

Deputy Attorney General

N. S. Department of Justice

Washington, D. C.

20530

TERNEY GENERAL

DEPUTY

Dear MI. Tyler:

On behalf of MI. Harold Weisberg, I am requesting that you

grant him access to the following records pertaining to the assassi-

nation

of Di. Martin Luther. King. Jy.:..

1. All receipts for any letters, cables, documents, reports,

memorandums, or other communications in any form whatsoever.

2. All receipts for any items of physical evidence.

All reports or memorandums on the results of any tests

pertormed on any item of evidence, including any comparisons normally

made in the investigation of a crime.

All reports or memorandums on any fingerprints found at the

scene of the crime or on any item allegedly related to the crime.

This is meant to include, for example, any fingerprints found in or

on the white Mustang abandoned in Atlanta, in any room allegedly

used or rented by James Earl Ray, and on any registration cara.

should also include all fingerprints found on any item considered as

evidence in the assassination of DI. Martin Luther King, Jx.

5. Any taxicab 1og or manifest of Memphis cab driver James

McCraw or the cab company for which he worked.

7. All correspondence and records of other communications

exchanged between the Department of Justice of any division thereof

and:

R. A. Ashley, Je.

HaIry f. AVErY

de: s1

---

## Page 128

13-00000

•..

2

•.;

.. "si....

-dames G. Beasley.

Clay Blair

David Calöutt

?is:

Phil M. Canale

John Carlisle

Robert k. Dwyer

Gov. Buford Ellington

Michael Eugene •

-Percy Foreman

Gerold Frank

Roger Frisby

Arthur Hanes, Jr.

Arthur Hanes, SI.

W. Henry Haile

William J. Haynes, Jr.

Robert W. Hill, JI.

William Bradford Huie

George McMillan

William N. MOrTis

Jeremiah O'Leary

David M. Pack

Lloyd A. Rhodes

J. B. Stoner

stanton

Hugh stoner, JI.

Hugh Stoner, Si.

•stanton

8.

All correspondence or records of other communications per-

taining to the guilty plea of James Earl Ray exchanged between the

Department of Justice or any division thereof and:

Rev. Ralph Abernathy

Rev. James Bevel

Rev. Jesse Jackson

MIs. Coretta Ring

Rev. Samuel B. Ryles

Rev. Andrew Young

Harry Wachtel

9. All notes or memorandums pertaining to any letter, cable,

or other written communication from or on behalf of the District

Attorney General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney

General of Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division

thereof.

---

## Page 129

13-00000

3

20..

All, notes of memorandums pertaining to.any telephonic

or vérbal communications from or on behalf of the District Attorney

General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney Generäl of

Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division thereof:

11. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,

reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting

any surveillance of

any kind whatsoever of the following persons:

Judge Preston Battle

Wayne Chastain

Bernard Fensterwald

Percy Foreman

Gerold Frank

Arthur Hanes, dr.

Arthur Hanes, SI.

. Renfro Hays

Robert W. Hill, Jr.

William Bradford Huie

James H. Lesar

Robert I. Livingston

George McMillan

Judge Robert McRae, or:

Albert Pepper

Carol Pepper

James Earl Ray

Jerry Ray

John Ray

Richard J. Ryan

J. B. Stoner

Russell X. Thompson

Harold Weisberg

This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail

covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,

mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third

persons and the use of informants.

12. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,

reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting

any surveillance of any kind whatsoever on the committee to Investi

gate Assassinations (CTIA) or any person associated with it in any .

way.

This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also

mall covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic,

electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with

third persons and the use of informants.

---

## Page 130

13-00000

-: 113. All. records pertaining to, any alleged, of contemplated

witness, including any statements,

transcripts, reports, or memora

•dums from any source whatsoever.:

..

14. All correspondence of the following persons, regardless

of origin or however obtained:

Bernard Fensterwald

Percy foreman

Robert w. Hill.

William Bradford Buie

James H. LesaI

Albert Pepper

Carol Pepper

James Earl Ray

JerrY Ray

John Ray

....

:.*°

J. B. Stoner

Harold Weisberg

15. All letters, cables, reports, memorandums, ör any other

form of connunication concerning the proposed guilty plea of James

Earl' Ray.

16. All records of any information request or inguiry from,

or any contact by, any member or representative of the news media

pertaining to the assassination of Di. Martin Luther Ring, JI.

since April 15, 1975.

17. All notes, memoranda, correspondence or investigative re-

ports constituting or pertaining to any re-investigation or attempted

re-investigation of the assassination of DI. King undertaken in 1969

or anytime thereafter, and all documents setting forth the reasons

or guidelines for any such re-investigation.

18. Any and all records pertaining to the New Rebel Motel

and the DeSoto Motel.

19. Any records pertaining to James Earl Ray's eyesight.

20.

Any records made available to any writer or news re-

porter which have not been made available to MI. Harold Weisberg.

21. Any index of table of contents to the 96 volumes of evi-

dence on the assassination of DI. King.

22. A list of all evidence conveyed to or from the fBI by any

legal authority, whether state, local, or federal.

---

## Page 131

13-00000

роід.і°.00"'"

....

23.. All reports, notes,

correspondence, or memorandums

pertaining to any effort by the Department of Justice to expedite

the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October! 1974,

on James Earl Ray's petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

24.

All reports, notes, or memorandums on information con-

tained in any tape recording delivered or made available to the

FBI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone

whomsoever. All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in-

vestigation which was made of the information contained in any of

the foregoing.

25. All records of any contact, direct or indirect, by the

FBI, any other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor-

mants, with the Memphis group of young black radicals known as the

Invaders.

26. All records of any surveillance of any kind of the

Invaders or any member or associate of that organization. This is.

meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,

mail interception, interception by telephonic, electronic, mechanical

or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the

use of informants.

27. All records of any surveillance of any kind of any of

the unions involved in or associated with the garbage strike in

Memphis or any employees or officials of said unions. This is

meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,

mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic,

mechanical or other means, as well

as conversations with third

persons and the use of informants.

28. All records containing information which exculpates or

tends to exculpate James Earl Ray of the crime which, he allegedly

committed.

This request for disclosure is made under the Freedom of

Information Act, 5 U.S.C. $552, as amended by Public Law 93-502,

88 Stat. 1561.

Sincerely yOUrs,

Si feran

---

## Page 132

13-00000

UNELASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FBI Referral re Martin Luther King, et al

FROM:

EXTENSION

M. Felton ISS/PICG

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

HT.-T.

9:532

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST

NUMBER

..75-

77-322

DATE

8

SENT

Aug.: 77

SUSPENSE

DATE

15 Cus

COMMENTS (Number each commens to show. from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each.comment.)

3. Mr C.

LaClair

EUR/EXO

GS-6

E/G

8 AUG 1977

1 8 4us 17

Closes

G.

review

the

attached for

release

to the requester

Thanks.

MDF

GUR END.

//

ord of subject

red

con

ISS PICG,

HT- 132

ched memorandu

PRIORITY HANDLING

-75 3749

• 10

• SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

NTERNAL®

USE ONLY

B

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 133

13-0000Q

REFER TO USAF

lour copyl

CONFIDENTIAL

EOCULOTS

Eitreata Stea Hanhly Cousterdotolllosiza Rosero,

03I, AAO

CONC038

DIZ GAI, A20

DIFE O7 INFORHATIONI 1 -30 Apa41 1955

DAT8 07 BEFORT,

11, Мот 1956

Logaro ero do fE 1otor08 Calea roa dis 00] Roati2 Cocs467101601280

S'COOTY

Rotablla basnan o8 tho Camalut Firly ErGa tL ta 2900.

Dasamae

EN EENF t0 thAO CIEICO t29 CACaLONI E

E2INA EA ESO FOTUROS EO1I• 11 RESEARESO EE1 elas

AEPRODUCTIC

FENFICENTIAL

DOCUMENT AS REFERRED TO USAF

А -82

---

## Page 134

3.06000

COMFICENTIAL

ur thor inquiry concerning ESTHeR !

Maska aroad

03I CO:INT Liaicon hau boan offeated wich cnother govern.

cant gonor In tha uinolontk aroarin an offor to astorin.

tha procent charoabouto of subsct.

5. 2 Tag Alaskan Labor Dafendar he monthly nou publication rha

regantly resprearod in the fotrbanks aron with lia firat pablicatio

dated May 1950. Provious caltiona ofethia nevspaper oppared to ch

Fairdanka arca Lo carly 1955, but it was disconttnued aster publiog

Meg astro editiono dug to the rosinal of a local a pulia Fira%

i Latericequent coptoo. Arong cditortola epper.ng Ln the alaskai

Labor Darcador cro coveral ortiolos contanced fron tha fulltal,"a

rabicaclan of the postaltat forkore Partyd taich to ottod by the

So Attorney Concral do cubvorolvons

Oao articlo quoted a crocob

23 by 0 K5) DU VOTS at a rolly hald at Carnezio Howl in Nau Jork o

29 Karon 1956 Laich nolatoo, in roforring to tha lontzonary

Alabena

bua procoot, pa Lod by cloor thinking, thay tha logroo) bave dio

covered that thi race probica vas at bottos an ocongato probles.

Usittingly thay have dicoovered Earl Marx." e*• In roferrira to

that karX, tboy soro probably reforting to KARL HARk, co-guthor of

(bo Costuntot Mansionto)

Quotad bolor era portiona of anothor artialo undor tha coption

"Il'a ilea to intak" uritton by ERNEST ORIFPIl, Indepcident Condidato

troa Pairbenka, Alaska, for tha Rouso of Represontativori

o o a o "joday thoro coono to do llitlo or no attontion pald to tha

cramplos seda by tha founders of thia now nation, tha Conotitation,

too Dagleratica or Inaopandanoo, or tha lagro people an oltinona of

tbasa Daltod Statos," a se = (In roforonoo to the Conotitution ol

o "Although this Conatitution ranko above

ovcry.orbor.ur1tcon.Canstitution for excollenco of its cobeca, 1ta

olmallosty; tha proolalon of 1ta languago, and 1ta judiolous strturo

¡of dallaitonass 1n prisolplo, 1t has bocora a neglocted Cootitation:"

CONFICENTIAL

APERTURE GARD REPRODUCTIONS

---

## Page 135

13-00000

1L001 coon:

carbero and supportoro of the inita Clutong Courol.

isno

ACETO poopla of

tha South havo bean castlag tras, making

optine condiciono that ondor, In the cout, Untu a rou

bravotent

Ain.

and to be dArescentora oppo

cunty by naving cour so enough to challenge cho in Crow leed. so

Quotod bolow la a portion olion calitor alsunger

tho caption ario Longent

Picket Ine in the Horld, woo eppear ing In cho May 1956 publication or

the Alaskan Labor Do fondard

ovosy vorker in arton notory or vor

nop, nus sako it perconal obligation to take cotton pos

Tolo 10

no tina for passing the buot inte

the tina to colled 1 end con

it to tha Montgorary Laproverant Aacoolation, darg or tho/Roy) M. L.

churchy Montgosaryn Nabeen.

Tha above

ao laaued by Farroly Dosbor prooidentia

candidato of tho Sociallot

workere Partro and rorosa to cho 50:000

Nogrog in Montgorary,

Arabana, cho aro in a atrugglo erathot dia Cro

on the bucao of that city.

"o o

• lotually cho struzelo cosa doper end wider then chato tho

procent vavo of raco tortor and hatred in tha South 10 boing Panace bi

tha thito Ciliccha Councio Unat L0 not conorally known la that valo

corror to directed cgolnot any chito torkoro tho dare to coliderico"

vith legroos. Tha murderous whito Citisend Councla aro not only rebidis

Jia Crou but Anti-seatio and Ant1-Labor, thoir ata to to procave

the ayaton of color cogrogation ood ofeariotnation do tho focadation

upon which rosts tha opon anop structure of thö alight to kork" South". • • o

Also appoaring 1n lia Issus 1o en ortiole relating that tha

Cathollo Workar hao protosted tha padlocking of the Daily Varkor so a

110lat10s. 08 tha troodas of the prosa:

Li estialo apposting under the caption "Auto Vorkora Taro Hora Pay

Loclina" roficoto uns "domand for a 30 hour weok at 40 houro pay" by

Anothor ertiold under tha

Saulter larkora, do ctarlag that bis unton "Intondo to do cocothing"

cbout acollatas eployat in tha catalo industry. Alco cat forca in

ChIO ICETO OS ENO ALeRTED LEDOS LOfEndor 10 tho

"platfor" Of DOLIALD

V. LaLIOil, Incapondent Candidats for tha Benato, TEST QAIPPIl, KIKE

DOLLINTER, EId HIILO KAPOUTI, Indopandant Candidatoo for tha bouco of

Roproscatalirod.. Too of tha lasuas ilatod an the "platfora" ero "stop

usa governments thought-contral vllon hune union la puchliz Asarloa

APERTURE CARD REPRODUCTIONS

CNTIENTAL

---

## Page 136

13-00000

CANFIE ITAL

down the road to diotatorphi peo

and 1151na to tho govo rumante

blackliot shlob haa pleocd 18

pillon Aber Loane.

through: 70. govern.

coat agcnolod, on Security Suspect Liato

Rostore Broodon of spoecb

to allo

The Ld1 tortal Staff of tha Alacken Labor Dafonaer to loted no Dou

HOLTON, GRUEST GRITTIN, MORE COLLINTER, CARTER PAUR ORd CHEL IPOSTURIO

Haste address for thio bovepapor to R0, bor 1915% Four banig

Alaska.

Although them

10 norev1ae

that thia noug:

papara dosociated with

tho Солиль 8.

ar

Ttest ront

organtcationg, it 19 locor

In sany crt10100p

cha papor has quotedi

atlone on

100,10

Is of organlso-

tlong which hays boon olted by the

8.

Attorney Caneral on

of thor cubveroivo or Comuntat Institratsd end controlledo

It 10 further Intoroating to noto that HIKK COLLIUTER, on

editor or thia nouspaport end ROX BATISIB, ouner of the roir

banko Koorcation Contor and Caro,

tho only cdvort 1 sor. la?

thia edition are both listod an Category. I, Aladkon Comann

Survolllenco List.

SEALERE GARD

RODUCTIOKS

CONFICENTIAL

- 4.

74.6.402-k4

---

## Page 137

13-00000

Refer iSAF

VIA

DESPATCH NO RAXA-19A

SECRET

ПАРНОТСЯ

To 1 Chios, SR

DATE

25 May 1256

MOM 8 ChioS of Station, Anoborago

(COATRAL REINOOU/OperatIonal

Iransalttal of littrasts taken fron AAC CounterIntalllyono

Rapost - Apr11 1956

subadttod harmith for your inforaation and rotention are Batreato

taken fron the AAC Monthly Counterintelligenon Report covering the pepsod

1 - 30 Apr1l 1950. Tha Information subaltted le only that uhich dealo

With CB Act1+18108 10. the Alaskan Thoatro.

Approvade_ 04

7776ue

38.

attootrance.

Extracto sona Naport, 10 dup.

D10tI1DU21008

СОРу

ROUTING

SECRET

STA 51-28A

7416-462-64

fullet

---

## Page 138

13-00000

CONFIDENTIAL

DOURAR!

DIR ODI, ADO

DATE 0B INFORMATION, 2 -30 AFERI 1956

DATE OF REPORT,

Report ara as salloms

ЗАДОРАТУ

Bot forta, AleRtas Laber Dalendes orarta pabllastion apala.

HEPHODU

CONFHIENTIAL

-21.6.40=2=

---

## Page 139

13-00000

CONFIES ITIAL

OSI COMMENTS The CHARLES PARKIR POntIOnod abovo la baLloved

to da ino sera Individual so CHARIIS LINCOLA PARKER, uho

rosignod a cozudasion in tha U.8. Maval Rosarya beganes of

adalitod pro-fussian sympathios, BOIKO's continual egitation,

past assoctation vita Conmalato, 'and apparent sorostation

NICA PARIA, COSTAInLY plaCeD bOTA (AAIVIONAl In a CAtEgOry

which 10, at least, highly questloneblo.

1. BACELEMSKI rOTORLed eNO

Alaste aros.

I COMMENTS, MAIDOn haS boOn affoOted With another gOverT

ni agonor in tha Minolahlk aros in an affore to catarali

5: Tha Alaskan Labor Defendor, a sonthly ponte pablicarlos, bea

rootally resppaarod in tha Pairbanks ares uith 140 first pablloation

darod May 1950. Protious edItiona of this neuspaper apposrod la tha

pairbento ards 1n aArly 1955, but 1t vas discontinuod after pablloe-

11oa as teo od1t1an0 dus to tha rafusal of a local printlas fira to

prior seboogaras copion, Anons oditoriala appearing in tha Alastan

Labor Dalender snA setarel artloles condensed iroa tha "HILITANT, " a

peb11on61an or tea sofallet vorkers tarty, unich 10 altod by tha

U. 8. AttOrDay ORDeTAI do sabreTaiTe, Ono ertialo quoted a spooch

nado by a lt DU HOIS at a rally hold at Carneglo Haul in More York on

corenad that tha pace probles vas at bottoa na econordo problem.

Or1181n92y tsay haro discovered larl Marz." * " * (In TAPArTIng tO

LARI MART, UDaY VeTO PrODADLY rolarting to KARI MARX, co-Author of

APERTURE CARD REPRODUCTIONS)

Iron Tairbenko, Alaska, for the House of Ropresentatives!

• " a a "Today tboro soons to bo llitlo or no attention pald to tha

the Conoritation

chaco taltad graron." " " « « (In rafaranco to tha Consticution of

• "Although thia Conatitution rania abovo

overy order written Constitation for excollence of 1ta sobero, 140

osapl10187, tha proolados of 1te languago, and 1ta judlolous nistaro

os daftalromans in prisolplo, 1t has bosomo a nazlecrod Const1tat10n."

CONFIGENTIAL

.?.

---

## Page 140

13-000.00

" " "But no dan be doorrogad unes no losa falta or bopa and roos 1150

16001S soone 11k0 a story told by a sad son, as 11 mas posa to tba

sombers and supportera of the unita dillsona lounail......

The Negro peoplo of the South have been merking ilsa, sakira

arousos and accepting conditlons that esdat in tba dours. Untll a fon

bravo san 10 Alabara tirnod uhas sermod to be a lagady into sn oppos

tuntry by haring courago enough to challenge the j14 Oron leao, "» » &

Quorod belon 1a a portion of an editorial under tba caption "Tha longast

Ploket Ine 1n the World", aso appearing in the May 1956 publloation of

tha Alaskan Labor Defendar:

•**'"Erory undon local, ovory worker in off1o0, factory Of work-

añop, sust nata 1t a personal obligation to tako socion nonl Into 18

so tina for passing the buok! into 18 tha tina to collost le and san

It to tha Montgosary Improvemant ABsoc1az10s, cara of tha der M. L.

candidato of tha Soolallat Workers Party, end refore to tbe 50, 000

Magros 11 Mantgorary, Alabana uno año in a strungle azalnat Jia Groa

on the buzna of that city." « s o

• a sAotually the atrugelo goss dooper and vidor than that. The

prosent vave of race terror and hatred in the south in boing fanned by

tha walto (121s0ns Counoll. What 10 not genarally knom 18 that ta1a

carror 1a airecrod againat any uhito vorkers uno dara to solidarito

with lagroos. The nerderous white Clissons Council are not only rebials

Jin oron but Antl-jealtlo and Anti-labor. lhair als 10 to prosarva

to ayacon of color nogregation and alsorimination as tha fouadalton

upon wh1ch rosts the open shop structure of the "Right to kork" South". « « u

Aloo apponring in unia issua 18 an artlola relatior that sha

Cathollo Horker has protosted the podlocking of the Dally Mortar co a

rolatlan 0s tha sroadon of the press.

As artiala appearing under the caption "Auto Horkera Take Hosa Pay

DocIlAnd" rafloora tha "derrand for a 30 hour neak at 40 houra para by

Anothar artfalo under tha

322222436

Also sot forth 1

APERTURE CARD REPRODUCTIONS

CONFIGENTAL

---

## Page 141

13-00000

CONFIREYTIAL

nillion Anerloans, through 10 govern

Dant agonalos, on security Suspect lats, Restoro Froadon of Spooch

to a21".

The Editorial Staff of the Aliskan Labor Defancer 1a l1arod an DOi

CARTER PAUL and EMIL, HINTUMEN.

OBJ COMM:Nts Although there 18 no evidonce that this nora.

papar 10 associated vich the Consulat Party of lta proAt

organisationo, 1t 1s interesting to noto that in sany artlados,

tha paper has quoted publiantions or offlolalo of organiza

Elona unich have boon oltod by the U, 8. Attorney Genaral as

osther subreraive or Conmunist Infiltratod and controlled.

It 10 further intereating to noto that MIXE COLLINTER, an

aditos of this senspapar, and ROY BATISIS, orner of the Palr-

banks Haareation Contar

and caro, the only advertiees in

this edition are both llatod an Category I, Alaoken Corren

Surveillance list.

CONFICENTIAL

74.6.40.2-64

---

## Page 142

13 00000

UNCLASSIFIED

J: CONFIDENTIAL

1 SECRET

• TOP SECRET

INITIAL REVIEW. FORM

FOLA/PA Request No.

Dated:

Document Description:

Document Located By

(OFFICE DESI

NATION

Document reterred to DDO for revtew by

RECOMMEND:

Release in full- text

Release In sanitized form

Deny In toton

Defer decision to

Coordination with

EXEMPTIONS ARE BEING CLAIMED TO PROTECT THE FOLLOWING:

Prior to above dental/release

FOTA

PRIVACY

Classification

(Information From a foreign statson, service

(2)

Information pertaining tora foreign Itaison

relat lonship

Information which would/could identify the

source

(

Information pertaining to a source,

Information pertalning to Intelligence methods

Location of CIA overseas installation

Location of unacknowledged domestic

installation

Name of CIA employee

File number

Pseudonym

Cryptonym

Internal organizational data

Name of an FBI agent

FBI file number

Privacy of other individual

¿ Does not pertain to request

(b) (L

(b9 63)

(b) (3)

(1)(1)(6)(0)

(1) (1) b) (c)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(D) 3).

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(J) (L) (b)

(o) (1) (b)

(j* (L) (b)

(j) (1) (b)

(b) (3)

(b) (2)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (3)

(b) (7)

(b) (2)

(b) (6)

N/A

( )

* (>

Information from another Government agency

Other, specify:

(b) (1)

(j:) (1) (e)

(j (1)(b)

(j* (1) (6)

(j. (1) (b)

(j ). (1) (e)

(j) (1) (b)

(5) (1) (b)

(j) (1) (f)

"Exempted portions

are not relevant

to the requester"

(j ) (1) (c)

*For further guidance regarding exemptions, please see DDA-75-5943;

16 December 1975 (Privacy Act) and HN-70-21, 14 February 1975 (FOIA).

COMMENTS AND/OR SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:

o objection to release of pages unmarked - bu

ore marked X shored he vitthele

Heath Too GonE

SIGNATURE OF REVIEWING OFFICER & OFFICE

Document No.

(To be completed by ISS/PICG)

E 2 IMPDET CL BY:

UNCLASSIFIED

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

TOP SECRET

F.05M 3966

1-77

(20)

---

## Page 143

13-00000

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

F 77-322

EK: CT

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

F

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20535

75-004

75-4927

75-4765

75-6669

76-143

Assign to Eat,

Date:

TO:

May 10, 1977

BY COURIER

Freedom of Information Act Coordinator.

Central Intelligence Agency

Washington, D. C.

Attention:

Gene F.

Wilson

Room 2E 42

FroM:

Subject:

Clarence M. Kelley, Director

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA)

REQUEST OF MR. HAROLD WEISBERG CONCERNING

THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

Enclosed herewith are a copy of correspondence

from captioned individual and two copies of each document

which originated with your Agency:

Please examine these documents and if classified

determine if classification is to be maintained. If

continued classification is not warranted or if the documents

ate unclassified and otherwise releasable, please indicate

any portions to be withheld under the FOTA and cite the

applicable exemptions.

Two copies of each document are enclosed. One

copyis to be returnectin. the.same condition as received

white the other should he used to indicate deletions directly

thereon and returned to us.

while it is recognized that disposition of these

documents could be made directly by you to the requester,

we requeste their return so direct response to the requester

may be made by the ral.

we have found, From past experience

with requests of this magnitude, that such procedure affords

a more easily managed system of accounting for released

material

To assist in accounting for this referral, it

is requested that you direct your reply to Linda Morcock,

FOIA Branch, telephone number 324-5550.

Enclosures (9)

DDO

L. Ziebell

"SECRET MATERIAL ATTACHED

---

## Page 144

13-00000

JAMES HILLSAR

ATTORNEY AT LAW

1231 FOURTH STREET..S. W:

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024

TELEPHONE (202) 484-6023.

December 23, 1975

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST

Mr. Haroid Tyler, JI.

Deputy Attorney General

U. S. Department of Justice

Washington, D. C.

20530

HEY GENERAL

PUCY

Dear Mr. Tyler:

On behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg, I am requesting that you

grant him access to the following records pertaining to the assassi-

nation of

Dr. Martin luther King, JX.:

1. All receipts for any letters, cables, documents, reports,

memorandums, or other communications in any form whatsoever.

2. All receipts for any items of physical evidence.

All reports of memorandums on the results of any tests

performed on any item of evidence, including any comparisons normally

made in the investigation of a crime.

A.:

All reports or memorandums on any fingerprints found at the

scene of the crime of on any item allegedly related to the crime.

This is meant to anclude, for example, any fingerprints found in or

on the white Mustang abandoned in Atlanta, in any room allegedly

used or rented byiyames Far Ray, and on any registration cara.

it

should also include all fingerprints found on any item considered as

evidence lin the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, JI.

Any taxicab log or manifest of Memphis cab driver James

Nocraw or the-catcompany: tor which he workea.

6 Any rape of transcipt of the radio logs of the Memphis

Police Department of the Shelby County Sherift's Office for April 4,

the Shelly

1968

use corespondence and records of other communications.

exchanged between the Department of Justice or any division thereot

Lands

R. A. Ashley, Jr.

Harry S. Avery

---

## Page 145

13-00000•

2

James G. Beasley

Clay Blair

David Calcutt

Phil M. Canale

John Carlisle

Robert K. Dwyer

Gov. Buford Ellington

Michael Fugene

Percy Foreman

Gerold Frank

Roger Frisby.

Arthur Hanes,.

Jr.

Arthur Hanes, St.

W. Henry Haile

William J. Haynes,

Jr.

Robert

w. Hill, jr.

William Bradford Huie

George McMillan

William N. Morris

Jeremiah O'Leary

David M. Pack

Lloyd A. Rhodes

stanton

J. B. Stoner

Hugh Stoner, Jr.

Hugh Stonet, Sy stantar

8.

All correspondence or records of other communications per-

taining to the guilty plea of James Earl Ray exchanged between the

Department of Justice of any division thereof and;

REV

Ralph Abernathy

Rev. James Bevel

Rev. Jesse Jackson

Mrs. Coretta King

Rev. Samuel B. Kyles

Rev. Andrew loung

Harry Wachtel

All notes or memorandums pertaining to any letter, cable,

or other written communication from or on behalf of the District

Attorney General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney

General of Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division

thereof.

---

## Page 146

13-00000

3

10.

All.notes. or memorandums pertaining. to. any telephonic

or vérbal conmunications from or on behalf of the District Attorney

General of Shelby County, Tennessee; or the Attorney General of

Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division thereof:

11. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes,

reports; nemorandums: or any other written record of or reflecting

any surveillance of any kind whatsoever of the following persons:

Judge Preston Battle

Wayne Chastain

Bernard rensterwald

Percy Foreman

Gerold Frank

Arthur Hanes, JI.

Arthur: Hanes, Sr

Renfro Hays

Robert W. Hilli Jr.

William Bradford Huie

James H. Lesar

Robert I. Livingston

George McMillan

Juage Robert McRae, JJ.

Albert Pepper

Carol Pepper

James Earl Ray

Jerry Ray

John Ray

Richard J: Ryan

J. B. Stoner

RuSselt thompson

Harold Weisberg

coverse mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic.

mechanical of othes means as well as conversations with third

persons ano the use or intormants

121 cape recoraings and art logs, transcripts, notes,

reports memorandunsor any other written record of or reflecting

any surveillance of any kind whatsoever on the Committee to Investi

gate Assassinations (CTIA) or any person associated with it in any

way -

this 's meant, to include not only physical shadowing but also

mail covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic,

electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with

third persons and the use of informants.

---

## Page 147

13-00000

:13. •All. records

pertaining to.any alleged of contemplated

witness, including any statements, transcripts, reports, or memoran-

dums from any source whatsoever.

14. All correspondence of the following persons, regardless

of origin or however obtained:

Bernard Fensterwald

Percy Foreman

Robert W. H111

William Bradford Huie

James ". Lesar

Albert Pepper

Carol Pepper

James Earl Ray

Jerry Ray

John Ray

J. B. Stoner

Harold Weisberg

15.

All letters, cables, reports, memorandums, or any other

form of communication concerning the proposed guilty plea of James

Earl Ray.

16. All records of any information request or inquiry from,

or any contact by, any member of representative of the news media

pertaining to the

assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, JI.

since April 15, 1975.

17. All notes, memoranda, correspondence of investigative re-

ports constituting or pertaining to any re-investigation or attempted

renovestigation Rt the assassination of Di. King undertaken in 1969

or anytime therea ter ancial documents setting forth the reasons

or guidelines for any suchere investigation.

18. Any and all records pertaining to the New Rebel Motel

and the Desoto Motel.

29.Apy records pertaining to James Earl Ray's eyesight.

MAny recorasinade avartable to any writer or news fe

porter which have not been made available to Mi. Harold weisberg.

any index orcable of contents to the do volumes or ev

dence on the assassination of dr.

Ring.

22, A liat of all evidence conveyed to or from the fBI by any

legal authority, whether state, local, or federal.

---

## Page 148

13-00000

5

1:0. 08

23

All reports, notes, correspondence, or memorandums

pertaining to any effort by

the Department of Justice to expedite

the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974,

on James Farl Ray's petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

24.

All reports, notes, or memorandums on information con-

tained

in any tape recording delivered or made available to the

FBI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone

whomsoever: All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in

vestigation which was made of the information contained in any of

the foregoing.

25.: All records of any contact, direct or indirect, by the

FBI, any other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor-

mants, with the Memphis group of young black radicals known as The

26. All records of any surveillance of any kind of The

Invaders or any member or associate of that organization.

This is

meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,

mail interception, interception by telephonic, electronic, mechanical

or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the

use of informants.

27.

All records of any surveillance of any kind of any of

the unions involved in or associated with the garbage strike in

Memphis or any employees or officials of said unions. This is

meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers,

mail interception interception by any telephonic, electronic,

mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with

persons and the use of informants.

third

tends to exculpate da go tall may of mation hich excu pates any

comitted,

This request for disclosure is made under the Freedom of

Information Act,

5 U,S.C. S552, as amended by Public Law 93-502,

88 Stat. 1561

Sincerely yours,

сли

---

## Page 149

13-00000

1.

+ 1618 + 888-8001-1-718

0p:.0.0.10880-8.d

158:1018.

2010-100

i/emorandum

Acting

/ Dirvelor. FBI 6

FRON

..

Legial Alache, Bonn (105-7501-1779

SUBJECT:

SERNARD' FANSTERWALD, JR.

IS-EG

(00: WFO)

DATE:

i RUC

11/13/72

in

021:1

il;

62-1:

Enclosed is one copy oach of -

one

ilmis pertaining to subject received from Bureau Source 300. For details and

reporling piocedures see Form BON-6 attached to enclosed.

Request enclosurels)

iüde.

be translated

= in summary

_ verbatim and enclosure(s) and translation sent to interested

ficid division.

FRO!!

BEWARD FENSTERWALD, JR.

Law Offices

Fenstervald & Ohlhausen

905 16th Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C.

20006

REMARK'S:

TO

DR.

JULIUS, MADER

Mauerstrasse_ 69_.

1066 Berlin W 66.

The enclosed is a form letter directed by JULIUS MADER

(Sutilo 100-169674), Mauerstrasse '69, East Berlin, to subject

soliciting the latter to buy MADER's book, "Yellow List:

Where

is the CIA?"

and furnishing an order blank for this purpose.

Subject encloses the order blank, indicating he wants

copy in English of the above book,

and his persona. chec.

in the amount of $2 which shows the designation Committee t

Investigate Assassination."

ENCLOSURE

87-102

1-1/1122-

NOT RECORDED

145 DEC 15 1972

2

(linc. 1)

BONi

Forcign Liaison Desk

1

105-7501-1779

105-165S

fire!

ORIGIN

---

## Page 150

13-00000

BON 105-7501-1779

A check of Bonn's indices reflected a reference to the

"Co:nittee to Investigate Assassinations, Inc.," 927 15th St.,

1.l., Washington, D.C., which came to attention in connection

wich Bora's destroyed file regarding "Committee for 'The

Investigation of the Three Assassinations': Information

Corcorning - Miscellaneous (FPC)" (Bufile 163-26234). Bonn

indices are negative concerning subject.

SM 2920

---

## Page 151

13-00000

ria dies delinia.

CONFIDENTIAL

Alraclied is one copy of i communication being sent to an East German

mless. This ion was obtained from Burcau Source 300, which is to be

described in comminications prepared for dissemination as "another govern-

nots agency which conduets intelligence investigations." The item is classified

CiNFIDENTIAL by the originating agency and bears the special marking

Warning Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods Involved."

Pernission has been received from the source to disseminate this

intonaati: to l'nited Siates and forcign agencies provided the information is

appropriaily classified and paraphrased in a manner which will fully protect

tie mature of the source. Verbatim quotation fromthe attached material and use

o;'cupleie, exact, foreign addresses set out in attached material tend to

indicate the nature of the source and are to be avoided when preparing com-

munications for dissemination. Permission has been received from the source

to withhotd the special marking "Warning Notice - Sensitive Sources and Methods

Involved* irom Bureau communications containing properly paraphrased versions

of Bureal Source 300 information.

160250 21

CONFIDENTIAL

another governmeat agency...

ic "II

indefinite

ELiCLOSURE

64-11:147

---

## Page 152

MONADET

WANING NOTICE SENSITIVE

¡SOURCES AND METHODS INY YED

Idontification Includes

all date In this bloc's

• 131

•. SEP.

H0-1043-H1

VAN

'sce

DI. Julius Mader

Mauerstrasse 69

1066 Berlin w 66

13-00000

ffices

 OM.1A1:320

'IST. N Di.

D. C. 2.9.00

---

## Page 153

13-00000

AMERICAN

POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS:

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF WORKS PUBLISHED

1963-1970

RELATED TO THE ASSASSINATION OF

JOHN F. KENNEDY

MARTIN LUTHER KING

ROBERT F. KENNEDY®

Compiled by

THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

WASHINGTON, D. C.

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

1973

---

## Page 154

13-00000

I. SOHN 8. KENNEDE

"Ao GEHERAI

of Bourgeola DeBOcTacys tha RIghE to DeDy Bighes,

Hey Tables

апиоту 1964, p. 2

Sor,

O Hovenbar 1963, P

Assasalaastoo.

1S August 196

doeh ot arresdent " Ilma, 29 January 196%,

• nations 03:

"Sons Furetiona

of

Ritual in Catastrophes santady Nones.

SostolaRlcal Aralyale

25(1964),

88- 25-25.

212-230.

"That Doy In Wanklagton.

Philiopines Herald Magazine, 29 Jenuary 196d.

Pira Mine del oe the Secura

"Johnson Takes

Evenlo, PaS 25 Pebruary 1966, 8р. 17-296 80 23.

Long VIRIl.

pp. 19-22.

1d'.

it va

30 November

of es.

бав 1963. 1964, 88.

25-28.

ICC1onlaS, 27 Moneober

1960, Р.

• Jen:

в.

Septenber 1965..

8-120.

Domlos cere

and aftar."

Stephes A.

"Tha kennedy dasassination,

0. 3(1966)

67-80.

1a10at1o0 of Freaident Joha 8o Keonedy." Current DifeRE Of che Sondet Prece, 11

Daceaber 1963, pp. J-15.

sinacion of Preaident Reanedy."

late Content Cre

M97851058 Sonsaallon'a Roles

Vlates 1964.

the Ersal to a rardict; vich report ly GaRo Pord." Ile, 2 October 1964,

40-308.

the necragy la the deraaaíaation proba." Use leun end Vorld Report, 34 Peb-

гиату 1964, рр. 324.

Dallass

Thearles of J. Thompuca sad-J. Connally," Ilms, 24 NoveRbes 1989,

BaRo

"Aogasala."

Saturdar Bre

an Arbeit balverty el nichte

Univeroity of MIchig

"Des Atentara."

yleanik,

ros ac cember 1969, pp. 22-910 16o

Study Of the Prene Cove

тита 1108, 1965.

1963,

Лисиня 1964, pp. 90-93.

Budapaats

Kossuch Konyvklado, 1964.

1J Auguat 1971, PP.

Мача2 па, Запояту 1967.

Abrabon Llacala, o

85810

caples

Carey, trad

CE1010

concro, Piderl

Glardl, Joha

11f808d, 6

cole, Alvyi

'Compositivo ol

condor

Consally,

Cook, 17ad

Cook,

ocke, 1110

ottrell,

coupfts,

saination. "

the

Month!s

Bader

10092,

тотуеть 1964, тр. 29-28, 90,

ра 12.

08, 222(1964): 303-306.

Dellg,

27-29

автияту 1966,

mIe, I, Do. 2(1968

1982 P: 28-000 1960, p0. 23,

Non Pasch 8a

da abe cobre 10

£10ne (raleanad by Pathi

aduatry." Mecler

En 127 19 6 0 212-20

soclecad Profosalons

449-131.

B6A-B6B.

78-1

ат 1963,

no 2 he ab 11563, 1960.

---

## Page 155

13-00000

sylue of tate.'

42, 44,

ten it..

28 M

3, 25 Hay 1961.

Lore.

10 A

Come at to be rie

38La8 ChA Blena 10 cha

To d

Nonember 1968, pp.

vory Drad,

ick, l Dacarbar

Preeidents

Told 1n

натА

pretendl

1 Decembar 1964, pp. 68

adys Scaresence

23rd

oncobar.

of the ?

Uns sulled Jots Seanedy?

18 Нотарваг.

Rool los in pains

sasalnation und che Alti

33-40.

o0k

as Dallas.

SEX Shot?

loSo won a

"The

Thes

1963,

of ebe varras raport

sallons ino author, 1968,

Optaton

March 1961, PP. 2-10.

автояту 1964, рпр. 12-46.

1°1966

cha Harreaton

Bedra

12o Conna

1967-64,

40 DO A03E8 2963, T0. 92-99.

• F-C0, 21 Deceaber 1963, 80. 187..

1963,

19. 49-50: 10-30

nr 5019:0

во. 29(1966),

Fina

Chaptar in the Assansloa

10811 1962, рр.

30-31.

ihat viadore.

presidents a

PoLe

Irol

Id Moncaber

1966, pp. 68-78.

11855-One If tnessed:

Greer R90ll, Sea Pronelocal 8d200118 Pube.

Sonuary 1964,

_Thr Hintorical Record of the Deat

с65лніlі, 1965

30 Мохотат 1963, др. 91-32.

soldent Remedz. New Yorks Anaricon

лати

18008 sensala's don

o So sonaches

тр. 56.

11-14.

332-336.

And the 2a9110h PresA." LES

Times che reset here tales

fullerton

18 Proosdent Ronsady,...

10100 to 1581, 180 1, 92, 13-215.

Pill seanero. "

1939.

Sheet 11Rer 1012,

Lammade, sen haronto, tozaa1 toe taylos

all, on 29 1, 3, рt5

• Douary 1964, p. 20.

"sт."

128196), Vis.

ili

"Нутам

Hypothe

Darese

900C John Te Roosa

How Tork! Conceso NoC

119122.

1. 1, 15. the Peri

р. 32.

POr

---

## Page 156

13-00000

threes

1.27.

john Messrerald tenant,

1917-1962 Preolden

5иловов, 23 дастават 1963,

tarsal Start haven

md 31310 t

"бuтиiтв."

0 (1963), 1399

of as the sent to Beat Are

1966.

nal Outlook,"

But eh ographa

Tebler!

3 Осова 1964, рр. 1101-1102..

2963, „тр.

83-84.

of body of STra

Mos, 11 Novenber 1966, 8. 1j.

Ilo Belaso

stcaçater."

82016 210 89 19 13%6

Suche Hach dari Suasten

18 (1966)

Ras lonel Nerday, 83 Apr11 1968, PD. 196

nathan chammo ca noc

16:9o

26818at100 but...

sures and the doube, leS, Neva

a SiT, 3o TE, B, D. 902, 8. 10.

Murder dad the Mych."

в АртІв

Ick.

"No deeriCan Iragady."

964, PP. 22-26.

13.

see Prese. I Decrabar 1963, PPo. 203

No To Near We, Mr Tolde The Remedy Proud and Hou's helped Bone

33-36.

6 0 1903 Pe 112-113 Long Aerereath of Dellas," I Toes, 25 res

та петек стакісов:

isnula son.

-A Vase to the Go themere

Londers, 1965.

"Excklog Jack on the Anal

"Rago

GreRzAT then Grlef."

Ana verse pat, dear, 1, 8, PP. T

Ta: 1967, PP- 78-100.

• 778-779.

somm las Alfaire.

isaiatrations quartsos of a recond inreosigaten." Mou Republe, 12 Moreabos

1966,

nannlaation: soosthing rottes...

Book.

sequeline to

thank you to sOn, 000 frtenda, " LIfe, 21 Janwar,

1266, Пр. 327-320.

6111 Mincesy. "

1a Luther.

de berlinge

VicionA:

То Ос ube 17, 20 290.

21 Arquat 1966, p. 6.

Kanned anlazal, de Frolfnu

19 polo

20j00

es valle

%, 80. 2 (1964),

15001

Labor

Lane,

• Lone

Lenger, 7.

УРК

The lant

Lourence,

Horld Impact

98110

Latter

to the zaitor: vil

атло.

Lavy,

А.

"Day

JYX dieds what people

pp.

84-87.

Lifee John !

108

Lore, Ruch.

Lutskeadors,

буот

"Man tho

Tosk

DATE B

96.

"Dood

"Joha

1962.

"Mort

d'un Preeldent. n

Mandal,

P.

"End to

Mannea,.

M.

"Lonk

Manafield,

01882.

MIchaal.

on the sir

19

1964

Put CAn Vee, 30 over to 1983, l; 16, art, end Menaco

Naval Photo Conter 1211-69, Hazonal Archivan end

Po 191 (6363).60.

P 19660 p. 10.

shock.

Relet 2969, Pt.

196%, bight, 15/a11%ed partel.

Total Aeronde " 1180, & Dacenber 1963, - 327.

Frenident deliuered in the

---

## Page 157

13-00000

den

15922098 And

Maident sad Natioa à Journay.

bard.

Hew tork?

Relations,

r00, 1f. 113

расстрат 2963, д. Jo

1969.

1962.

Las

lagalens The authos,

1ay.

"on 102 4 1 52% 0 en ne r88109, De 1965, 961.

"het they

Bullerso Prue Dallnas

the Prealdent le Doad

хр0816100 Рrа0

of Publications

Sunner 1968,

AA, 15 Co1ant8 1965, p: 1%60

• Со..

"Parde, Morcabor 21nd, 19630" ferecylere Neert Crueedes, Hoverber-Dac

L'aátique deviens Bilantéra," Seulest Perre

'A PDychlarrias'o RecroActIve Clastroyanca," Ihe MInorly O8 ORG, June 1966, pP.

Incela vich Deale:

28 2-49 61196, F: 745) 1967, 3D. 39-96.

1709 (186) 71-

as tragedy."

ber 1963, p.

"StrAtICHe ECOalka 22. Momerbra."

23 Moverber 1961.

and So birde

Sone Puristios About the hearaalnal1oo." Rer

semelo al ds fatravaro" Peneru Spererco réces

¡nerber 1966, FP.

Lik: photos

19-22.

and Sorrys of nutopsy,"

8 Inauray 1967.

onderoation iron Gult of Prophes.

us. 1965. pP. 733-242

d id Mes concerning the Death of & Pselldent by Va Macheatara" UeSe Move end

Иср)а коготь, 10 запилту 1967, р.

Rap.

con L1hrasy,

At InaLIm: The Death of Prendent Joho De Keech. New Yorks New Maerto

me wer oule seler che Daten Harether the word fron Dallen ven Heard 1

co sorx: Allierreur,

"A Mer leanerty Theery."

MaRcanar, 5 Decrales 1999, po 12.

11

Почво, 2966.

тоо!

Egg

"Other

Pecto

Penter

"parlas

Parlach

"Pathologs

"s partaen

Phales, J.

0911871998

08.

98.

P. MA. 20 Joly 1967, 00-227-290.

1eio (19d6).

2 aun Tale 2 sept 1906, 6884)

40 (1986), 897

conte racasala

IIE DIATIO

10 JuLy 1964.

6 2), 1 396), 26 057. 304-385:

30

"RAt

23, Potiz exels, 23 Pacendar 1969, 80- 8, 90

ache

and

"Report fron the

Ппуса Моохоу, Золе

Roberts,

Robert, Ce , v

"iyendeneso:

Robertson: A.

"Minates

1 A5at Va Valched Iida Noveabar 22-23, 1963, Il Golda, 23 Jeavat)

ady? Runh to Judgeant la Non Ordonne." SASIrder Bualhe IS

9o1dent Xanoady8 Shadon St111 Cont Over I160 Hovee," Ill Ile

прет 1963,

a bala.

Now 80rks Marslal and Hussall, 2966.

Pebri

82-86.

1965.

PP. 26-28. PP. 189-116.

onden Меч?, 10 Хотеса 1963,

=C, 23 но

что).

29 Hos

Voie 963) et , Mazes Clena dasocle

ет 1966, рр. 209-210.

to sodos 0u9 decallag. Madrids

Le 96, 3- 360, Copa, 1967.

• 1983.

19-20.

la bella

t ernes et de une en de

andraination.

Do0e en 8o6, Pe. 26-29

10e1

---

## Page 158

13-00000

150

По 85т

1963, 80.

foR onllectiv sallt."

so bury the soport Os Sacredy Manaeatnat1oa," LeSe Mors eal Marld Rosesto 18 Octo

to Judgecats

ser 1964. Pi coo

PAlL/ULAGOS 1967

roneson wich Mart Leno end Lallo de Anconto," Illa Comane

pp. 2-18.

Bereread.

Douce doue en o cha

aad.

1968,

pp.

orks Scatecrone..

887-8887.

1969.

Moachly DigeRE, June, luzuat,

166-160 170, 112, Rendy" Good Meurekaepleß, duguat 1966, D0-32-67, 136.

*' Stras a nocus, eli A Tribure de John le Remedz, Orseagor Raryelopadla

и572

39.

Who Xilled Raanady?"

ProseConIro MegazIne, Novesbar 1966, Dp. J8-

md do Wickery.

"Renolutiona of the Liberal

ent Kennedy, "

ACRUYUKI

nody " 10ue or Passation

in che Asanseination of Prealo

world la reda Saylas

June 1964.

Nent'" Story."

636-6487 g

3e Meve 1o

9 Moreaber

+13.

coder 1963, pp.

John Flesgarald

mandecte, coop.

Ile Trumpes e

Now Yorks

ra Alfrad.

VoCAS le Heram, Doreabar 22, 1961, A Paychlaire Evaluasson'" Sclence Diresse

Stega, 17 (833,76, Stres roi-reares.

Dalles nach den Kennedy-Hord, " Der

len,

Joachin.

3 FrIses of ARBasaination TeOrIes.'

lean Tragerty."

"per Mord von fallas." De 201 My 1967. pP.

14 Deeenher 1963.

1%91 PĐ0 204-107.

811817

1571)

1967.

Iel Avlus

Sieure

Tueraly

1966.

Jte, & December 1963,

oa a Graasy Raoll: Photographlo-Analysto shons no Heu Evidence."

8e 25 Port 1, 61, Pee aber 1963, 8. 23.

28 Novesber 1963, p.

Дол

: 1963, пр. 328-928.

Ple Stary eR che Deast of e Prealdant, Non torte

loired Prena

V. S. COng

Алелим лая be Canaenau

anhlageons L'Arrne Garda, 1966

CATte, 168. Leva che ditestima of the kennedr Meezsalnation.

Theodore C.

Kennedy,'

seprember, pp.

2-46, 31-54, 21 Septembo

PreSS CruDenI POLloNing Kennedy'a Deach."

Washingtons L'Avant

The author (a.da)

Hennusci, 5 Pebrudry 1967, 8. 17.

Pellizal-Polisesoprarle, ss (1964), pp. 139-

10-301 26 AuuBe, p. 97-503

current Direst of the Sortet

017-50 0 de bete Be 50, 1:

accendier 1963, pm.

Richard La

"Mo donasaination of Prealdelt Joha la Kennedys

the Application of

Cumpurera to the thotographle Evidence."

Creputera and Automation, May 1970,

29-40.

All a1 T..

aprilutes to Jaln 8a Xennede."

In Baird, A, Go, ode Representallue

Neu York: Hilnen, 1964.

1966. Kennedys serons on hin

a finoao m that Atlocar." Artlank. Pebruaro 1966. Do-89.

omaltres on the judiclary.

U.S. 8BtR

ue Report 1911, authortsins subprena pouer for Carolan on 09 10

of Prealdent John f. kenned

короте

Tron raitter un Judiclar so

December 10,. 1963.

HashIngton: House DOCURERtA

ons of vitneanca

O8tоnь G.P.О., 1966.

0100, 2956.

Iselbutes

ingcons

"areneling

the agatery

Neun

"Untold Storien

Urupuay.

produstion of extdens

Approved 19 Deceaber 1963.

October 1964

Yese Mous, end Morld Report, 12 Octobar

Pide lentel rate ho, I, Kennedy: 1917-19632 Boclelo MontRIce.

"UsA-Kennerg-Atten

"USA Pri

naldAntenach

"Une

nod Abuse

enster su

tock Pootage.'

Unhakor, G.

las Merty-go-Bovad.

Van Des KarT,

RIchard R.

tel

Inton brandeanter.

18 March 196d,

Im bracorseal aturte

---

## Page 159

13-00000

Serati

Rosives Yant After the GT

gato in

Rifles.

22 februer.

1880

RaJo

rated,.

2 2 30 5 3830, 2412.

63788964), 89-9940

53, ppo Al-aze, 109-111

adariek, Ni

Dellees Teatlanay and Evideace Publiahed. " Novove

22 Pre 96 keyi

antial Polsion

nedy

Iled Kensedy?

Iled President terpedy: Soviar Condolences.

чату.

Richard.

Ma Ville say Peera...

secret Evidence on the famedy Asassinalton, Curday Evenin

Socurday Eventos Pras, o Apie

1968, PP. 70-73.

and ThoDRs B. Ross.

it'sew Year?

hope 'e told Passe a Daliane

Konnest Died. San Antonfo: The saylor Co., 1964.

Mads in farpent.

itualçans, Septeaber 1966, Fp.

current olfest of the soviet Press.

В Заплату

Le sanche nice how lo

Istened and datened:

2 10-V tara, 29 4 cente 28 1a

¡ Bake of Jis iragidy...

lipunnees, 9 Deceaber 1963, PP. S6-58.

ralph.

The remedy Assase inations D

Early shoughts and Esordosa." Publie Orlalor

Битвег 1964, рр.

ren He and Jacob i Feldann.

216-224.

Discagos

intional Opinion. Center, Univeralty of.

"Durationa tron abroad."

SAturdaY RevieU

вал: са, 3 Мау 1964.

lobere.

"Ruan ta:

Cannot be t'rue."

Look, 6 Decembes 1963, PP. 129-

130.

(Treases,

rostek,

гатават

Greesatela

leba, Hen

Первита.

pond,) "occara fron Parla, "' Is TertAs, 1 Deceabar 1963,

at tha despicable ict, acecono

382-383.

100 1969.este

bok, 17 Koreabor 1968,: 10

BolgIun, PronESar COmpasy, 1968. (Also 1a CATARA CO

• 93.

38-39.

hasassination ol Pressdeas a

i roast too:

11 Дасловат 1963, pp. 115-336.

at'. Dorésea Opinion and the dararaínetioa." 1a

1cG111,

"Der Mord va

"L'Oceldence

setlln, 12 (1963), 80. 3, PP. 102

cako jo Auerika Prindla Vent a Zloctau u Tekoanu.* POlli!

Ralno, ichn ho.

• jo Amerika l

• 11962: Cur 16010

18010.

Pollelke, 2 December 1963, Po 18017.

Kennedy

John ?s

The author (D.d.s

Rajaks, Raywond

he kennedy Ananainaston in Editorial Carto

1967.

Sheassley, Paul

and Norman Bradburn.

"Rascasination! Hou the

Sheatsley,

and Jacob

1330.

Los

Anarteen Publie tes

Angeles, September 1966,.

pp.

1-19. (papes)

Feldeen.

"The annasaination of President Kennedy.

Praliainary Report on Publie Reacilona and Behavlos."

Puble Opinion Quarterit.

(1966)

"Sordos Prees

it Pollouing Kennedy'& Death. " Current Digest of the Soules Preas

Temana

18

Traged, in Dallas:

Nolfenacelo,.

Marcha

lostero so the adicor."

196) Pa "questions frou abe de" sar 1568-1590.

27 June 196d.

GIlbert H. XIlmen,

111000, J.J. Hood of the Nation.

New Yorks

Hood of

Nation.

Hey Yorks

Marzend & MunBe11, 1964.

"The Horld Resounda:

sactions to the President's Murder,

Minankee, be Q.Quade.

Touloure, by ?.

14 Deceabar

Bachers.

Hey Tort, by la la.

водока, by!

Loados, by Ao Dayde.

1963.

"Harid: Nompa

and Ha10.

12810008 Horld, 30 Moratos 1963, pp. 30-3k.

C. HARTEN COMISSION

"No MarTen Inquity acarta; latert on the ennasalaaçion." YeS. Man end Morld Rapors, 30

Daceaber 1963, pp.

"The sasanolnacloa!

96le Vl: 18 0port." Herencet, S Octobas 1961, PP- 29-40, 19-32, 37-64

Sckal, Meneaker: Me the war ef kep ver Report, Can 19511 2967, 9р. 3=0

caramintas the Harren isport.

"Втата

---

## Page 160

13-00000

all.

Cone

RaA,

пропастірі to

Warren la cha Dock lao k1

: 371-372-

• sacob.

"The deTres Coonla100 report and 161

23223: spacela's cheorta

po 705-719

JATTAn CORNdANION TAPOTEI PRBEI

737-746.

maa roport and the Israe

26 fabruor

i3 SoRterbas 1966, MP.

roDt195, Homerber 1966,

o. 4a day 190 o de

43-49.

voronered questions" Maclos, 11 June 1966,

of che ayenedtaone

Ras1O1, 20 Juao 1966,

• mompeos and Sylvie

5d.

1964.

N.

Аттво Ікрааго. "

Довать ?.

by the Warren C

Др. 177-339.

Hew York Univeralty low Renter, May 1965,

Mared ted, the rodence The Verren Renore and lee colleg, now rork

Malence el the varren repore.

isport, Contao, Call8.1

Angaleas

Anoelasad ProfeaRSonal SaTVICa,

nd 110v188 doubts questionias the vardler of tha Marren Conaluaion, " Meneck,

88.

10 Остовет 1966, рр.

David.

1969, рр. 11-12.

"The Vartea Reports The Deach of a Prealdent, " Liberation, Jenuary

"2d1805101)

The Verten Report... 1'

Кароть

Liberation, March 1963, pP. 3-3

Critica;

19 Deccaber 1966

excerpte from

ecatepanta, Decenber

zavard 3.

p. 20.

10, 1956 the Vatren Comteston and ehe

Assehoegs of truch. New Yorks

wald b.

afraid of the Varren Report!"

ova, 1961. Co de verdado, Trede do Revato

"SPX In Dallas:

36.

The Warzen Rapart of ice

2044.

blishero Insue

Decentle 1"s Purder Revle

"Ne ocher

гва реевʼя тероге."

1 Nonether 1964,

asto.

"Loose tada."

• PP= 35-37.

Per A Calhere Kep Deto 1950,00. 13-00.

"The Harren Coralondon:

the Pull adelphia Moresee, Jenuery 1961

octer.

Greater Phsledalphla

relate ned ahate soote eraire of er reparate Mou Torki Simon and Schuater,

a Reflection on che Tundonentalo

and dila Goodhart

Rporalo

Varren Com

те.

Paper tro

15

ppo blado.

no son, cheorles of Bos.

a Procedural Standpolnt."

New Tort Unlveralth

president. "

rat the HatteR repart

4? 06.1.

Meera Has also, es, 183d borld Popore, 26 septender 1964,

¡УС ВSАІ99В9А, 1I Зоанат, 1963

Mareral & Monsoli, 1969.

118600

Canaral Sarviceo

My Grief, Volume

Ten reports a case tor the prosecuéson.

'IL A rio of the Verses Report. " lete Move end vard recor

Pere i end ete the Mere leer the endles erades,

16. 1968, a dandus fe the Verron repory, Los Angalens stentlant

'A Crisique

CErtique of the Varron Report."

New Yorks

Столо, 1966, р. 19-59.

Malou,

Marcus,

Haaghes.

Науа8, Кат!

1964

.Pp

Macten810, "Spotlighe on Verrea," Loadon, Men Eretcoral, 2. Octoba

Michel,

M11ls, An

Monke Nichool

Monk,

Muhlen, Nort

"Нувсегу

Kash.

Geoi

Ker. York T1

13112, 19-11892 The Varren Raport l0 Riche." Irue Maralne, Deced

or, a on dotato rotar, 196, ' 09-503 Percet

Do ArtElkar des VerTes-Reporto,' YERakfUTE en Mel

65),14-28.

avaluation of the Varran Conniasion report and SCa erIElEs.

1967, р.

21.

Other Witneasar."

Ie New Leade!, 12 October 1964. s

espite o learinga before the Warten Comodeal

Kennedy.

New York:

дароть.

Packer

Podhorets,

"Ten

196: he Varres

che Boren

Popkin,

261-271.

Маттега?"

Дароткя в Маазите

Mattog, 1 Novasbes 1

salariod, do EdItorlal." Consentest Januery 1966,

The Care for the Conspiracy Tehory, " New Pork

Martenove hooke

renova koule1fa."

WasTen

coondesion

To 101.

11 Januar!.

---

## Page 161

13-00000

mastigate the anemeloation al J. Rossady, " Ilg,

vinenat J.

and sack Houndo...'

2a0nn; Ralph.

"Los dar MAsTero

OFA 0, 12ech 1919, a Feelyas she Present's

Liberal ubes den Tod Proa

(1965).

Irt8,

15-26.

Saly 1961

so Morate ela, local

Varten Conlordon Xaport...". Heartsen lor

Cos'Mos Inquirys she Marren Raport." faturdar

223 The 1962 Popotts Latters from Paadara." Comparate April 196%,

Mining the unchakablor cha Marren Cominion booke." publiahere Weekly,

m, plots H.d.

•i She way on Come on. 10 08. 7) a 1960 hi Bo

of Sumery of Warren

1964,

•, Coors: PP 2322-2340.

SompressIonal quarteeir hookly, 2 October

soning exhibita.

1b orpher 15a pooTaya curned over to the Massonal Archivas,

Nachray.

151o, ¿ overse natIon, Che varren Countanton and the public incares. "

Roper, Hugh R.

er. Wu, ab ovenly Per en Report. Atlea, February 1965) p. 119-118.

• dent, POolision on the leondalnation of President Kennedy,

Do che veren, Motion Perer on the carmention el Join e concle come a

Washington: C.0.p. 1966.

УсСтти-Н1l1,

In resise im.

LIte, 16 Ocrober 1964, p.

rayneren Report lo not enouph: voices speakine lo coneradiction of report:

eall for.inrestfeatsud." Life, l October 1966, p. 38.

oralanion"

NaRIon, 28 DAcender 1963, Po

4163.

a Pedera deta 196% n

Sentor Scholastle, 18 Noverber 1964, PP.

• 1620.

15199107 Report," Iloa, 2 October 1966, 5p.

65-50.

in traglenim Repeat on

die sole of the preer: In the arossaination of Preoldent

Inho t, Kennedy.

In Gross, Gerold, ed.

The Porneatbtler of the Press, lieu

Flee: Puba, 1956.

Arlesor TeneTt; Parol?in sest unrellable; kllling 011l1 a myalosy." Sclence

iris larkI, 10 Occober 196h, p. 227.

eatinony and

re of the

Tha

Mars, Joha Re

Death o

colloctora

Unico, stophen.

shoul

I Hovember 1967; p. 1

JAMA! & JANUATY

1 16 5 0o la d43

1, or me 81r 11co Men of 3.

Induster.

Hy at tator,

1969.

ovatasion on Trial.

Contas, Calstoradas

Ballere she Marren Report?" Non Torke Machllion, 1968.

D.

LE& HARVEY OSHALD

adlrie. J

endadar, veins ene

65u P8: 262-230.

Adlart

dos

33, 8o. 3 (1966).

' the President uns ahor."

ARCOTI

V.3, Hen

ат 1963, рр. 68-71.

achaani

Ida.

Hiven

18 DAfeRDOTAt 808 ORVeld Indlorerat. "

"Boy,

Don'

Chappen, G11 and Arr.

Cooke, Allerair.

* Ов

dence of

Mancheater

"Counnal for

Oawald.'

Ducorny, Assas end le

• 4a? More 9668 A Play. Plables

Peldeen, Harold.

медавле, "

Grahas, J.J.

Acaufti

aming tha sovle

weal.

Grove, ho

"Did prese

alve 199

149-251.

Др. 18-79.

'Yese Neve and Norld RepoTs, & AprIl 1966,

Hastlage Michael.

BaltIMore!

001d 1 Per Streck of Independence

e. Brought on by keplect

"He una by brothers a

пр. 62-667.

хсегрев fora LOe (RoL. ORwald end othere), " Look, 11 October 1967,

Moloss, latin clellon.

"The Theatre sis.

History.

ald.-

222,224.

Aude Paro 1985, 958,

40.

• 9. 201-102.

"If rawald had lived.

Jackeon,

Donald.

& sauer is

era found in Try H10," Broadcausing

Ревтинту

Joachin.

892,

Marina Brual

Batoon: 2175964), 597-3530

1966, pp. 684-80.

Orwald:

Orwald:

Aa.

Marzens and Mursell, Inco, 1964.

Johnaon, Priscilla.

196%

"Davald.

• 3 11 2 64,

48-30

Lane, Mark.

"Munid!

"Lee Dovald's Mido de

reim Nockly,

of rent"

sony by

Dowald.

Horld Report

La Manna, Roper and Ce

Masociated

---

## Page 162

13-00000

salsas of evidesos,

Slaty publication fElte Furor.

ASLISRe DlacERned, "

Case

" Stanley.

Agalone the Varton Corali

169-070.

"Te Onwald Case Should be

Ichard H.

Post 1962, 8. 135°

2963; Jus, 1966, p. 240

ander, 20 Repent, 30 March 1966,

s-j0. "S.

Diesent 2J, no. 3°cib6),

8 АртіІ 1964, р, 263.

Avion

воока, 1966.

"Mere Oovald." Yleanik"

Corones, March 1967, pp.

122-127.

694-693.

Partas

model a made forder be Me had we

Münchens Molden, 1967.

35-58.

The eat Meet val or teen coes and ententone of the

oad Orald:

Eschante of terram

pp. 29-36.

or York

'aul.

report to 2 8 8 285% 6: 3 7 166,

John Had.

April 1965 alias Meterses ontoas

1967.

apuler Selence

Horld of

A macho td of here rea

Dovald."

Cherr 2 , a 2, 686

March 1963, pp. 173-296.

More Lighe on cho doensoination." les, Nevn

1963, рр. 399-403.

she Sun;

"Marias Dovald Porters

Marie do Pore Sion i neck, 112 25 196k, 20, 26-207

1970,

L. SAOX RUSY

9811881008 1 NOnBALIty fOr HISTOTY,»

Suh11la.

ivin M.

"Yardlet on Jack Ruby, "

and M.C.

Carroll.

1955.

1967,

16-17.

Dallas

pp.

luntilce

Dauld Mchay,

the

2834. 345, 204-21, 14.

I*lL Her Porti Delete Nola 1n Rube Caru. Ed1607 and Publiahar, 1

Ruby end MLe

Dr. June w.

rebruary 1964, là Jack Ruby KIll the Wrong Men? Assory, September 1967,

pp.: 29, 98-101.

sanford.

Sunder T1a28, 9 October 1968. 0

Tho Killed Jack Ruby?"

male.

19-25.

"The Less Madness of Jack Ruby,

ind leak; restibony of Jack Xuby to the.Harron Conoianion, " Ilme, 26 lugust

1984.

до 40.

1968.

rosent of Machoads People Va, Jack Ruby. Chicago end lew Yorks Tollect,

"The TrIAl o! "State Cases',

16, no. z (Spplag-Sumner 1967), 285-308.

A Poncscripe on the

• gua; presacure dirlocuses, " Neusueck, 11 July 1966, so 50.

3968,

200.202

орв,

"Ruby

Death

11118

CARY

Horthiaston, Pers

Macl

"you 111

"Any number

can plags

Borandt,

Buch

curles

15. 19

*190.

Goldber

каго.

Nere Lalfh

slam

lars, 27 roth 1906, 16231р. 11.

the ch moto the v:",

Ruby,!

2л14/гд, Мод 2967, рр. 79-87, 139-164.

P. QUISTION OF CONSPIRAGY

the vort of

1966, PD. 37-38.

a o 1 Maa0 85, 10e chen Hea

sad

967: PPar Ode veraceditons dar Hoardo on vart?"

Buldense

Bovarly, Heao, 8 Omas-

The

i chore

11k1а8 Ртал

1969.

parhaps too esseasins?"

iou Port TIece Merenire, 11

Азава!

DIverally

1e C1e8, 198

orals, 191

81964), 8

seas of the Regalaria

as Sylola Mragbar."

П злакоту 1961, 3. 18-21

involvei

722.

'in cone. "

IlE3, 11 Novoabor 1966,

1967, 0. 86.

j4-j5,

Tenn.!

298-300.

sword of the

---

## Page 163

13-00000

*The co as fand er

Let a 1000. 3 (1969).

1058, Herald,

92, 949

• plot sea

1984. р.

irad tool Ruel Book

SaRa, AprIl 1987.

Ires wich the ClA. Mon Yorks Canyon

1967, рр. 77-200.

1, 6 Januar

Go JIM CARRISO

boarasinarions

lainations

1967, Ji battaco a lavestigation of a plot a kIll STR". Kennet, 29 May

MILCOn

'єва {0r

Clarkson N. Patter, 1969.

Ирт 15,7, PP. e1 -352, 8. 320

qusta."

Oir200.

818 210,

Now Orlence,

{as

Act one.

vancek, 17 March 1969, D. 10

2969.

'T the DAi phyalciens exardne phorographs and torayo." Neumect, 11 Janua

27.

Has a Rounds

lIterasion.

I1a Carries's laventigarioo."Ilos, 34 March 1967, pp. 17-18

? Матс 1969, рр.

22-23.

W1111en

1. 58.

24 равтату 1969, д. 39.

12-13, 32-33.

dward Ja

Actlone and RentEsons," Mer Orleene, Apr1l 1967,

8-60, 62-76, 79-81.

che

"Carrleoa," Mey Torker, 19 July 1968, PPo 1S-40, 42; 49-92, 94-56.

Неттасте.

lennueek, ) March 1969, pp. ?6t.

Da Under Flre."

1920.

• Р. 10.О тет, 8 Петояту 1968, р. 10.

Nex.

Channel 12, Mon Orleans,

"JIT GASTIAOR

• 11 Mai

isvablo

19a9e 498 of TY Laterulou, Station NUt,

ітаіта.

"'Several Plots Clalma"

• po la.

onetary and Jack D. Hardles.

sanches.

Ore Plan Pubi1 10005

patrics Attomnay."

"he entit to 6 rue, 1367,

ma Consequencel, Londons Peles Demay, 196%.

Wis Loved Kennety."

22 June 1967, pP. 97-100.

37.

I SAEE

How Orlams:

Ja carrion and lao Dale, Jn92 T9 P7i 18-10

Now Tork Iloes Nosezine, 81 Ha

Tabruary 1969, Do 5, 2 deguas 1969, 8D- 93-364.

909'1 1A2001085s00 Laveatstation Enteada to TOS and CAA."

a670, Ruad5, 29 March 1967, P: 1149-

pOrE J1ª GeTTleon @ PloE ThROTy. Novoreek, 27 Merch 196)

Artico Comedallon on the deranalration 0l President Konsedy..."

L Affaire Menchasi

''a sha book

"The

"The has

"Barcla

leanett,

Bock ther

Callero,

Church1ld

Colt, MargaTe!

collins,

Cooko, A1101

VILLIAM HANCHESTER

1967, .%

10 Ap a 1g no par

once Ring The Dollar 1951, PP- 50-52

1100, 231

ode, bobby end Manchelter The store Behind the Needles, Now tort

A Repeat 800k Alledgoa Con' Lie Doy STE Kellad, " Eactrente Moss, 3 Apr

Ronase lannes, "Mancheater's ans StOSy." Herereek, 30 January 1967,

Manchester,

Shore in 1

Артід 1967, рр. 1313.

24 January

АртА1 1967, рр.

---

## Page 164

13-00000

cuidor Portoy

363 5 1/5 70m239

In the

aldeas che

chantar. "

'о УІсьоту.

менееко в Ровгияту 1967.

D, 1900 h0s seseadons,

acaras

the

ophilud

ladresa

reverd.

180es, Paul.

ppo l,

1вахот, расаг.

"The

• Casae

semed

28-29.

That 1

18

ret. 26

39-49.

DArth Palas

'Stks tha Stalnad Glen

and

tr.e

calle

achencor Books

T Book 187 1. 1223.

Oua Stary. "

puedor 1169.

ind EsTps, a StOry That

pues, sylodo

anady Ranchas Ascord vill

vas, Allo.

Hose and VoeSus, but do exAsperAting," Pmoren MArazIne

"' 19511 1867, E6 1a" l Poble Plgures." Saturdoy Rovlo, 23 Jasuery 1967, DP.

aquelas

caorze.

era i choren

16-17.

1966, рр. 81-82.

by Va, Mencheaker,"

arido, Nicholon.

homo, Sat Xt7-8.

Hey SeAscaang,

347-J48 The Hlacorten '& Opportunity," Saturdor Reutes, 25 Pabruary 1967.

calder, ir octo, Fio varote Serri oh, the kametre 205, the Bok Bate, nor Torte

1, ETHDON RATHES JOHNSON

Pecer Demay, 1968.

18 Y En Cet 018 8 0y00 120 28 18121969 21, 3s Aparien

"y 1905, P. e tha Cothol1o

shocke naclons wich que

Sto

"Martyrdon of M.L. KIng.".

ha yarar el Meta

I ayatery

Cloy.

xerphia. (N.p.)

Clarke.

"Дакреплад

"D1d Ray

Hulo, V.d.

Mute.

"Jamai

Ray

"Resalas,

Lacton

о 2 1 1953 2630. 3764

rABRIng quearions

Y se Mors end Vorld Kerort, 21 March 1

you gullsy of surdaring Kartla Lucher X1a81" Men Tork Tiree Miresta

1968, рр.

Per hay t

end the plos to rararainace Hartla Luchar Klag." 12

JARa RAFI Ray Murdarad DEi KIagi" Look, 13 ApTIl 1969, pP.

ande but erararias ramala, "' USe love end Nor?d REzOIt, 2A Juro 1968

c, 19 1851 918, 0 9-980, 1968.

1968. в.

Во 0 : 138, 23, e, 106

toda, toy tat 6 1o17 * 878, pa Pare 1959, 3; April 1960, Pp.

degusta trase lado."

*geale Street

Raygn

NOrtE " tu 2969%21 1968, PP. 327-335.

26 Apr1l 1968, pp.

LeVEVCOEA1 19680 16-21

29 Aрґ11 1968, р.

1968,

ignar later?

honor.

POS DE. KINBI VIOlenca, coa," U,S.

1969.

ieun end World Report, 18 Aprs2

---

## Page 165

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28

188.

A carent of ter gos

Day

nerican derltar

pp.

40023

of.

Роботу Каким

Prabes.

хок то де.

ackley, M.P.

"Inflections

247.

2ats, d.M.

"from bagloads tbee

danch of 1

50.

lards, sotes.

9 Juna 1968. p

rocher of Speaklag: ?

ДОВЕПТ ВО ПІДННЯ

Lise Mong, and Morte

mal- Rorlos, 11 March 1969,

1, 28 Jure 1968, PP. 429

und rodo conorapo." Seturdor Perlen

Talodeso,

Raipa. !

C.Р. Putaaa'a Sono,

"Hew Yorkarn!

confidence."

:larally prone on the un

8.10,

2 2000.195

1961, Tid

"TrE

Zatt nan:

ararto.

1000.

prraldost

Kennery State

Мат 1969, рр. 32-1

В пр: t.

271-285.

são, Rohert as Spectal Unlt s

Many

1970.

Atlan. Men Torks Readon Docen

"n,alble PeRs of 168:

o trase o a e Septo 199 : 29 101 1968, 88. 20-30.

Lin atory of the latent todo la bra " 5

nod lorld

Pirbert Aloca

081.

'?, Thoraro 8.

omia'; 16 The Pire of gour Love (June S, 1968). " Aparice, 15 Joan 1960, beck

•* dada arte ero 2i 91l, 7863023 ua 1960 p. 39.

"sty condldary."

12.3 Jee 1968, пр. 3-6.

12 e rua eles cola e lue fune ta desores blael de Jordanim bara

tre a ischer."

Ter 1169

6 June 1561, pp. 1, 21.

Ier.. D.

aprealdent nels surslar,

12.

de?.

los scuralne." Lon Arcelo Plana. O lns inco

larasty

Ком

Beck.

'Lanade

"Oace

Caborne.

Joha,

"Paychlatry

латв, Ilchar

1968

Rasch, son.

laschley.

18500

"REXI

the

Robart

Robarta

одеті

одаті

if tha Ver

17 Pes

1970.

chero a ploz? ges, Move and Horid Esport, 24 dosa 1968,

Loyo

C8, 8 Sua Aa60 Pa 19, 29 Marca 1968, 80-28-31.

a Cha FrEnATy

stratch, tron Ladlono to Dragoa," Marlos, 28 Mes

data /ser7e dal 12e, 1960 Pl 20t e epelle, 10 May 3968,

sony al proascation's poychlairlae." !

cornet, 10 ApTI8 1969, p.

1960. 0 Pro vert Tese Mesertng, 11 March

29-27.

POlIEICal Activlídeo; daka Proyas VIEll." LoS ApRele

So Te Li ou 85 na Raca, " Pertung, Marca 1960, 8=- 112-21.

Na 1968. 8 to e pers, 17 Juna 1968, Me.

111

• г и р 2454 1966, 89-23-33.

Paruste, Notoabar 1970, pp.

Stanley Trotd

claion. Look,

Kennedy vo

he Bobby di

a 1960. 196330958.

90-98.

2968, рр. 18-60.

1969, р. 40.

• Umat, 8 June 1968, PP. 38412.

ts 2o 15969, p. 37.

Артід 1968.

pp.

Sacurdar Ravley, 22. June 1968.. po 19.

ragales::

leport

3 1969

• eрufl1s, 13 Лила 1968, р. 2.

19 11968),

7 роі 1969, рра 9493і

13-16.

Shot H1n'."

Ino Anpalco Tiron. & luas

---

## Page 166

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28

tie las, Po

Mas

Beick, Paul R

100..

David.

"istoessas spesk."'

28 АртІ 1969, рр.

1-44

Sevascer, luguas 1968, pp- 194

Ta Can P 2 2 2 3913, 20 1968, pp. 11-25.

obb, plan

Ita;

co H1n TE.

но то 1900, 10: 1960.

32- 22718 8тeт338 P605, 3 Jura 1968, 9P- 23-27.

eCara 1 1505-1967 Voesa Record, Seu Rague, 2l, Mas

4c Carcary:

---

## Page 167

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6

It's the first lie detector that

can be used on a dead

man. It works on tapes and

other voice recordings

by George O'Toole

Assassination Tapes

Tre rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either

at home or abroad; they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.

-Plato: The Republic, Book Three

It's a littie trightening. The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with

a high degree of reliability, whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological

Stress Evaluator, and it is, in effect. a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it needs

no physical connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.

li works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonograph

recoid is tair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on

• a dead man.

Early this year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use

it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President

John F. Kennedy. I set about collecting every recording I could lay my hands on

of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon I had compiled the tape-

recorded testimony of twenty-two persons-eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the

pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,

Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Earl Warren.

I ran the lapes through the PSE systematicaily, taking each controversial point in

turn.

Did the rifle which belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy?

Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-

graphs which the Warren Commission never saw—do they support the Commission's

lone-gunman, single-builet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?

Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?

Slowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture I expected. Not

all the details are there, but I guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory

of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark

Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.

The PSE is not a crystal ball. It was invented as an interrogation aid, a function

it pertorms well. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool

for historical research. To understand what I did with. the PSE, one should know some-

thing about the device itself.

I first heard of the Psychological Stress Evaluator last year, when I met two of

its inventors, Alian D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McQuision. Bell and McQuision, both

former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several years ago to form

a company called Dektor Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. It was a logical second

career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one

could pick the lock on your front door in less time. than it takes you to find your

key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and

small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices

to a miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuiston is one of the foremost polygraph

experts in the U.S., a specialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualified locksmith.

---

## Page 168

13-00000

polygraph.

Standard polygraphs

African country.

. The instrucior was Nike

the PSE. There is, first of all, the matter of

ure lour variables: pulse.. blood pres-

Kradz, a criminologist and retired police

respilaiion and perspiration. Some

officer. Kradz projects tne tough-cop

the "outside issue."

Most peopie, Kradz pointed out, have

neasure additional physiological vari-

image, bul he is a living rebuttal to the Po-

some sort of deep secret they don't want

The moie variables measured. Ine

lisn joke. There is nothing aboui forensic

known. Whenfaced with a polygraph exami-

reliable the polygraph.

science. from fingerprints to polygraphy. on

nation, a person may be more concemed

and vicQuision discovered thai the which the man is not ari expert

¡hai this duisida issue may come to light

encies composing the human voice

The first morning of the course was

shan he is abou: the actual substance of

al fixed; they shift very siightly from

devoted to the physical operation of the

the interrogation. This can produce irrele-

to fourteen times every second. But PSE. The device is used in conjunction with

vant stress in some of his answers, and mis-

fie speaker is under stress, this nor- a Uher tape recorder. which has /ourspeeds

lead the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-

requency modulation disappears.

and can te manually wound back to locate

sary for the examiner to interview the sub-

remains are the pure component fre-

a particular point on the tape. The testimony

ject before the examination, go over all of

zies of ine voice. And a strong indica-

to be evaluated is recorded at a tape speed

the questions he intends to ask, and assure

ial the speaker is lying.

of 7% inches per second, ther. played back

the subject he will ask only these questions.

: 1w0 men developed a device to

and stopped at the beginning of the ulter-

I had reason to semember this later, when

this phencmenon and planned to use

ance in question. The recorder is slowed

I ran my first real interrogation tape.

an addiiona! "channel" on the poly-

to 15:16 inches per second and piayed. The

The interrogation always includes the

" Then trey discovered that the new

sound, no longer recognizable as a human

question. "Are you afraid that I will ask you

sle vias so reliable and accurate a

voice, is a long, low rumble.

about something we have not discussed?"

ure of psychological stress there was

The PSE itself is built into an attaché case.

A negative answer with no sign of stress

no naes is measure the other poly-

The case opens to reveal a chart drive. sim-

eliminates the outside-issue problem. Also,

variasies.

ilar to an electrocardiograph, and a number

the examiner always asks some innocuous

ed from ie recessity of strapping the

of buttons and knobs. A single cable con-

questions, such as,

"Do you like the color

cl inio a snair, stretching a pneumo

nects the PSE to the tape recorder.

blue?" in order to observe the subject's

is tube across his cnest, gluing elec-

As the tape recorder reels slowly tum,

general state of tension. And there is always

i to his paims. and ciamping his arm

and a rumble issues from its speaker, the

one "red-herring" question.

blood-pressure cuft, the PSE proved

PSE stylus dances back and forth across

The red herring is used to identity the

much mere versatile than the poly-

Because it can work from a tele-

the moving chart paper, leaving behind a

"guilt complex responder." Such a person.

ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped,

shows stress when he responds to any

/ or tape recorder, the PSE can be

the chart paper is stopped, and that's all

accusalory question. The examiner may

without the knowledge or even the

there is to it. The result is a strip of paper

ask, "Did you steal the watch?" when it is

al presence of the subject.

sed Colone: Bell to tell me about some

with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the

money, not a watch, that is missing. A

human eye and brain.

stressed denial will alert the examiner, who

things the PSE was being used for,

On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz

caretully compares this response to the

ially cases in which a conventional

showed us what to look for. The unstressed

stress produced by questions about the

aph couldn't be used. He mentioned

voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with

missing money.

e police in Howard County, Maryland,

stalks of different heights sticking up (and

That night the class was given lapes of

seen using the PSE for two years; they

down) at irregular intervals. But add some

real police interrogations. In most cases,

lad great success in establishing the

stress, and that hedge begins to look

Kradz was the examiner, and in every case,

ance of suspects who were afraid to

trimmed. The greater the stress, the

he knew the background and resolution o!

ito a polygraph examination because

the matter. One case I was assigned con-

machine's forbidding aspect.

cerned a young man accused of stealing

I went on to describe some of his

money from his father's store. Kradz started

ion's other uses, actual or potential.

• and the Federal government are ex-

g its use as a defense against skyjack-

d telephoned bomb threats, and as

ns. of speeding up customs inspec-

Some doctors and psychiatrisis are

The more I read,

the more I doubted

the official account of

what happened

that day in Dallas

by asking the "outside-issue" question. No,

the young man replied, he was not afraid

Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't

discussed. Then the tollowing exchange

•took place:

"Do you live in Howard County?"

PSEs to study patients' physical and

"Yes."

I stress. The National Committee to

"Do you suspect someone of having taken

igate Aerial Phenomena, a private

the money?"

that investigates UFO reports,

is

smoother the shape. If the subject was

"No."

sing the PSE to interview witnesses

experiencing the hard stress which accom

"Are you wearing a white shirt?"

) sightings.

panies deception, the over-all outline of the

"Yes."

red Bell it he would lend me a PSE

figure tends to take on a rectangular shape,

"Do you know who took the money?"

eriment with, in order to write a piece

a concertina as seen by the player. Kradz

he device. He agreed, with two con-

showed slide after slide of charts made dur-

"Are you wearing a ring?"

. First, I must take Dektor's three-day

ing actual police interrogations. He told us

"Yes.

in operating the instrument; second,

the background of each case and pointed

"Did you take the money?"

ising the PSE, I must review my

out the tell-tale signs of deception, when

"No."

etation of its output with his staff, in

ever they were present.

There were a few red-herring questions

grest of accuracy. This seemed rea-

That night each student took a PSE back

to check for the guilt complex response.

e, so l agreed.

to his room to practice operating it. Some

The questions about wearing a white shirt

course was held in the meeting room

coordination must be learned to become

and a ring and living in Howard County had

sliday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.

facile in handling the recorder and the PSE,

been included to measure the background

Jhi oiner studenis were employees

but clearly the difficult part of the course

stress elicited by irrelevant issues.

."*..

tomers who had purchased the

would be leaming how to read and interpret

I ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.

. These included a private detective

the charts.

All but two of his responses were ün-

/ in Pennsylvania, a New York chain

The next day we learned the theory of

stressed. The question about suspecting

---

## Page 169

13-00000

vearing a ring?" In fact, his yes to that situation, I wondered il it could be used

details of the controversy dimmed in my

accompanied by such stress as I had the way I had loped, as a tool for historical

mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt.

only once or twice in the class slides. research.

I had despaired of ever leaming the truth.

= next morning Kradz called on me.

During the lunch break I took Kradz aside Now I knew what to do with the pse..

he suspect take the money, he asked. and asked him. Could the PSE be used out-

It was all there: the statements made

/ I didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did side interrogations, where the speaker was before television cameras by eyewitnesses,

espect whe took the money? Yes, I telling what may or may not have hap policemen, medical examiners, members

ht he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used

of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in

ce anything else about the interroga. for that. Where there was no stress, I could

a network-television vault were the sound

Well, yes, there was this business be confident that the speaker was telling

tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in

I the ring. Perhaps the suspect had the truth. However, when I did find stress,

voice frequency that could settle once and

, it. Kradz smiled. No, the kid hadn't I had to ba very careful aboutreaching con. for all the question, "Did Oswald, acting

I the ring, but he was gay. He had

clusions about its cause; it could result from

alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?"

inged rings with another guy. Nobody something other than deception. But it I

My immediate problem was getting

WE FOUND

NO EVIDENCE

OF

' ANY KIND

Voice prints by the

Psychological Stress Evaluator

of former chief justice

Earl Warren in May, 1972

indicating hard stress on

the words "no evidence."

THAT THERE WAS ANY

CONSPIRACY

about it. The kid didn't really expect found a stress pattem in the testimony of

asked about it, because Kradz had

several witnesses to the same event, I would

over all the questions with him. Still, very probably have uncovered deception.

he ring was mentioned, he panicked.

Encouraged, I reviewed the list of recent

le third day of the course, I had begun

mysteries. Watergate was, of course, the

e some thought to what I might do

first to come to mind. The ITT atfair was

le PSE. I was particularly interested

also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-

fact that the device works from a tape

dent had never been fully cleared up. But

ing. Sound-recording technology is

one subject seemed to loom above all the

l a century oid (Edison invented the

rest-the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

graph in 1877), and an enormous

Like many others, I have found it difficult

it of history is stored on phonograph

to believe the Warren Report. When Mark

s, sound tracks, and tape and wire

Lane's book came out, I read it carefully.

ings. I thought how many press con-

I read much of the other criticism of the

es, interviews and public pronounce- Warren Commission's findings. The more

are stored away in the film and tape

I read, the more I doubted the official ac-

es of the worid, and how many ques-

count of what happened that day in Dallas.

ould be settled it we knew for certain

I waited for the real story to emerge. It didn't.

access to the recordings. I was certain the

television networks would have them, but

I wasn't sure exactly what to ask for. There

must be thousands of hours of sound

recordings relating to the assassination.

Where, among all this talk, was the critical

testimony?

I started digging and soon discovered

the existence of a group called the National

Committee to Investigate Assassinations,

located in Washington, D.C. I called the

number listed in the telephone directory

and was soon speaking to Bob Smith, the

Committee's Research Director. I told Smith

that l was a writer and wanted to do a piece

on the John F. Kennedy assassination. I

asked him for an interview, and he agreed.

We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster-

---

## Page 170

13-00000

sassination Tapes

problem with this game is that the player

Next 1 played the Lomax-Liebler tape.

knows "hat it is just that. He knows that I Apparently Mark Lane had been on an

know he is lying, it is a socially acceptable

eariier Lomar program, and novi Liebler

situation. and inere is nothing at stake. The was on to rebut him. I didn't need the PSE

stress which accompanies real deception to now that L'ebler was stressed. He

is not always present.

VED FAUN PAGE 47

seemed very agitated, and his breathing

I nhiaine: a tape recording from CBS audibly indicaled his lension. He was angry

a successful criminal lawyer and

News of a portion of a Sixty Minutes program

about the things Lane had said. the ques-

to: si tre Committee, in a modern

in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford tians Lomax was asking him. and the reac-

building a few blocks from the White

Irving. The interview took place during ihe ticn of the studio audience. Given his highly

3. Fensterwald is a smail. dapper man

height of the controversy, while irving was emotional state, he did not seem a very

lihir beard. Smith is a lean, intense

still claiming to have gotten Howard

promising subjectfor the PSE. Nonetheless,

smoler. Boin men appeared to be

Hughes life story through a series of inter. I decided to give it a try.

ir tories.

views with the billionaire. It was a consum

Charting a tape with the PSE is a long

fore we segin." I said. "I think I should

mate job of lying. embellished with such and tedious process. and it was impractical

07 that i used to work for the ClA."

convincing details as Irving's disagreement to chart the entire program: I ran some of

ive run zoress it often, the theory that

with his colleague Susskind about whether

Liebler's statements which were not in dis-

in kiies Kannedy. It seems absurd

Hughes kept his organic prunes in a paper

pute and discovered, as I had expected.

and! son: saiieve it. I worked there

or a piastic bag. Sixty Mirutes re-ran the

a great deal of stress. He was pretty

ea years and never saw or heard any-

segment after Irving's confession because

charged up.

sugges..g the Agency was involved

the man's sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator

Most of the exchange between Liebler.

assass raion. I never met anyone

was amazing. was interested in the inter- Lomax and the audience was argumenta-

I thougn: sacable of doing it. Still,

view for a different reason: at the height

tive and did not deal with specific factual

learnes ihrough bitter experience of

of the controversy, Irving had been given

points. I found two key statements by Lieb-

ispicion which attaches io former in-

a polygraph examination and had passed

ler, though, and I charted them.

ance officers. Epidemics of paranoia

it. I wanted to see if the man who had beaten

The first statement, i response to a ques-

o accor.gary us frough life. Ithought

the conventional lie detector could also

tion by Lomax, was, "I have no doubt about

te: get rat issue ou! of the way.

beat the PSE.

the conclusions of the [Warren) Report."

ith anc Fensierwald exchanged

I selected a point in the interview at which

Plenty of stress was evident, but not much

es and smiled. Fensterwald told me

Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not.

more than in other statements.

rey did not necessarily believe the ClA

interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap

The second statement related to those

sin theory. and they certainly didn't

pened on some transcripis of Hughes state- Warren Commission documents which were

talking : a la:me: Agency employee.

ments: Irving asked how he could have hap-

not included in the Report -they were

¡eved. I began to outline my project.

pened on them. Wallace rejoined, "Where

locked up in the National Archives. Lomax

id if they had heard of the PSE. Both

did you happen on those transcripts?" Inv-

asked Liebler if there was anything in the

were dimly aware of it. I described

ing replied, "I got the transcripts from

documents which would alter Liebler's

evice and started to detail the way it

Howard Hughes." I charted this statement

opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange

be used as a research tool. They im-

on the PSE.

question, since Liebler had seen the docu

itety understood what I was proposing

It was a perfect example of total stress,

ments and, if they would alter his opinion,

vere tremendously enthusiastic. Yes.

horizontally blocked, with the smooth,

they would already have done so. Lomax

¡aid, there were many key statements

"trimmed-hedge" wave form. Clifford Irving

probably meant to ask it the documents

se somewhere, and they would be glad

was a master liar, and he had beaten the

would conflict with the conclusions of the

mpile specific references for me.

polygraph, but he would have been caught

Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought

ermore, they could, in some cases,

by the PSE.

the question meant, he answered quickly,

Je me with the tape. They said they

A few days after our first meeting, 1

"Oh, none, none at all." The PSE showed

I be in contact when they had some-

received a call from Bob Smith. He had

much more stress here than during any of

for me.

turned up a few things for me. I visited him

Liebler's other statements.

ile I was waiting, I experimented with

at the Committee's office in downtown

It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and

SE. I teiephoned a friend and told him

Washington. He gave me a tape recording

it didn't tell me more than l'd already known:

and a typewritten transcript. The recording

Wesley Liebler was pretty upset when he

the devise. I asked if he was willing

sy a little game to test it out, and he

was the Louis Lomax television program of

appeared on the Louis Lomax program. 1

Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Liebler,

id. He picked a number batween one

hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more

en. l'asked him, "Is the number one?"

a member of the Warren Commission's staff,

enlightening results.

e number two?" and so on, and he

was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS

I finally received a call from CBS's

ered no each time. I recorded his

News television program entitled The War-

Washington office saying the tapes had

ren Report, which had been broadcast in.

nses. ran them through the PSE and

arrived. I broke a few traftic laws getting

four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27

j him back. The number he picked,

there to pick up the tapes and returning

and 28, 1967.

him, was five.

to my apartment. I had already selected the

I examined the transcript. The programs

points I wanted to check from the transcript

was dumbfounded. He had not heard

• had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and

of the program. I mounted the first tape on

PSE and had thought I might be con-

other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every

the recorder. ran it down to the first point

ig some elaborate joke at his expense.

major point of controversy that had been

of interest. and turned on the PSE

hen I called back and correcily iden-

raised by the critics of the Warren Report,

For the next three days and nights. I ran

the number he had picked, he realized

inierviewing eyewitnesses, Dallas police-

charts. When I finished, I had a splitting

serious. And he was shocked.

men, medical examiners. ballistic special-

headache, my kitchen floor was ankle deep

layed the same game several times

ists and many others who had some inside

in chart paper, but I had a much clearer

shers and did not always have similar

knowledge of the assassination of John F.

idea of what did and did not happen that

iss. With Bernard Fensterwald, I was

Kennedy. For what I had in mind, it was

day in Dallas.

only to narrow the answer down to two

a gold mine. I telephoned CBS and learned

Before I describe my results, I feel that

ers. one of which turned out to be cor. that I could get a copy of the program's l must offer the reader a few comments and

PENTHOUSE

---

## Page 171

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eric: aid. inas not been vaiidated

valid evidence linking Shaw to the assassi.

and-so" with ar accuracy of better than 94

jor misturda, research. Even though

nation and then, in the time-honored tradi-

percent. The problem obviously was not the

faminai with the machine believe

tion of prosecutors, invenied the rest of his

television camera.

i bu used in this way, my project

case. But Shaw's stress could easily be the

I ran the testimony of William Gurvich on

first aleimpi to do so.

resuit of his predicament, and Garrison's

the PSE. Gurvich had been Garrison's chief

i ensier to demonstrate :vith the PSE

might also be the result of some outside

aide in the investigation of Clay Shaw until

peaker is telling the truin than to

issue. The situation was ambiguous.

he resigned. charging Garrison with wrong-

is lying. Stress can be caused by

I ran the testimony of Lee Odom. Odom.

doing. He said.

"The truth as I see it is that

'ne: ran deception: ou! the ab-

a Dallas businessman, was attempting to

M.. Shan should neverhave been arrested."

i stress is an extramely reliable

explain the mysterious coincidence of the

He was asked it Garrison had known of cer-

on of truinfulness. Of course, the

posi office box numbers. It seems that the tain illegal and unethical methods Gurvich

e of stress. does not prove that a

Dalias post office box number 11906

had alleged were being used by Garrison's

int is irse. only that the speaker

appeared in the notebooks of both Clay

staff. He answered,"Yeah, of course he did.

li to ce irce.

Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswald. In his tes-

He ordered it." There was no stress in Mr.

hoger lio:nd a great deal d' stress

timony. Odom staied that the could not

Gurvich's statements. The PSE showed that

sira ly door assass ration lapes.

account for the number appearing in

he believed wnat he was saying.

igie instance can I say thai the in-

Oswald's notebook, he knew how it got inta

Obviously I did not have enough tes

was iying.I goir; this out not only

Shaw's. It was Odom's box number, and

timony from a large enough number of wit

:c! mysel! from lice' suits but be-

he had given it to Shav. whom he'd met

nesses to create a detailed picture of the

am ne: morally certain any one indi-

by chance on a business trip to New

Garrison-Shaw affair, but it seems probable

ras not ie: ing the truth.

Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-

that, at the very least. Garrison did not have

netheless. siress in the testimony

ing his statement.

No unrelated control

much of a case against Shaw (a view later

witnesses is the same event makes

statement was available for me to run tor

heid by a New Orleans jury) and likely that

rematica: probability overwinelming

comparison.

Shaw was completely innocent of complic-

east some of them wera lying.

This didn't really clear things up. There

ity in the assassination. The lesson of this

i points seuld not be bere illus-

were several obvious alternative explana- episode is twofold. First, stress in any one

han ine;

were by the Jim Gar-

tions for Odom's stress. For example, there

person's testimony does not prove decep

lay Sha: Affair.

tion. Second, given enough testimony by

son, it may be recalled, was the New

different witnesses, the PSE can arrive at

§ District Attorney who, in 1967.

the truth.

I to have solved the Kennedy assas-

The first person I ran on the PSE who had

• He presented an elaborate case

any direct knowledge of the assassination

a loca: businessman, Clay Shaw,

ers. as me migers of an assassination

acy. In one of the hour-long pro-

CBS interviewed Garrison,

Shaw,

oiher people involved in Garrison's

ans.

Deception is not proved

by stress, but given

enough witnesses' testimony,

the PSE is able

to arrive at the truth

was Oswald's widow, Marina.

unfortu-

nately, only one of her statements was on

the CBS tapes-that Oswald had owned a

rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.

The rifle had been one of the major points

of controversy raised by critics of the War-

interview. Garrison was hostile and

ren Report. The debate centered on two

make mary firm, factual statements

points: whether the Mannlicher-Carcano

test with the PSE. However, he did

alleged to have belonged to Oswald was

sere's no question about it [that he

the rifle found by the Dallas police in the

ow the assassination had been car-

Texas School Book Depository, and whether

]... we know the key individuals

that particular gun could have been the mur-

j... there is no question about the

had been a number of rather unsavory

der weapon.

conspirators, were there (in Dealy

" The PSE showed good to hard

allegations in the press about Clay Shaw.

unrelated to the Garrison charges.

Odom

On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson, an

employee of Parkland Hospital, testified

n each of these statemenis. I also

may have felt extremely uncomfortable

that he had found a rifle bullet on a strefcher

oncontroversial statement of Gar-

about linking himselfto this man in anyway.

which he believed had carried Governor

is a contrei: "Oswald was not killed

The coincidence of the box numbers

Connally. There was no stress in. his state-

i the movie theater where he was

seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of

ment. The PSE said he was telling the truth.

IJ." and found no stress. Garrison's

the Committee had pointed out to me that

Dr. Joseph D. Nicol, Superintendent of

ints about his case against Clay

both Shaw's and Oswald's notebooks were

the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the

rongiy indicated deception.

filled with numbers, so the chance of such

State of lilinois. san ballistic tests on bullet

ran some statements by Clay Shaw

a coincidence was not that remote.

fragments found in the presidential limou-

¡ his invoivement in such a conspir-

At this point I began to wonder if the tele-

sine, and on the intact bullet found by Tom-

I denying ever knowing or meeting

vision camera was the "outside issue" in

linson. Nicol testified that both the intact

rey Oswald, I also ran a control

every case. Perhaps just being on television

bullet and the bullet fragments had been

nt. Shaw turned out to be heavily

will so thoroughly rattle the average person

fired by the: Mannlicher-Carcano. He. 8oo.

1 throughout.

that, lying or not, he is going to show stress

was apparently telling the truth.

vas not particularly surprising. The

on the PSE. I checked this out by recording

Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman of

¿ been accused of conspiring to

and charting a number of people on tele-

the Dallas police claimed that he found

the President of the United States

vision programs-public officials, men in

Oswald's Mannlicher-Carcano on the sixth

; being interviewed about it before

the street, even witnesses to a particularly

fioor of the Texas School Book Depository.

in cameras. He would have to have

gruesome accident. There was occasional

However, on the day of the assassination,

pretty ceol customer not to snow

stress. but it never reached the high level

he had told the press that the rifle he'd found

stress. even it he were telling the

I was finding in the assassination tapes.

was a German Mauser. The following day

e truth

I also recalled something else which put

he signed an allidavit to that elfect. But on

ng that both Garrison and Shaw my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had

the CBS tapes he testified that he had been

I stress was not an encouraging

been used to analyze the statements of con

mistaken about that point, that it had really

---

## Page 172

13-00000

arable stress in his statements.

The PSE confirmed that he thought he had nedy had been rushed to the emergency

atroliran Gerald L. Hill testified that he

seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, but it room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr. Mal-

id thirte spent bullet hulls on the floor

could not suppor! his claim that he had coim Perry tried to save his life. The physi-

eath the window from which the fatal

heard a shol from that direction.

cian saw that the President had suffered

is allegedly were fired. The PSE showed

Another witness,

Charles Brehm, was a massive head wound and asmallerwound

I stress in his statements.

quoted by Mark Lane as having said that in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos-

le rifle was one of the principal points

he had seen a portion of the President's tomy, cutting through the throat wound in

d by the Warren Commission to link

skull flying back over the left rear end of

an attempt to open a breathing passage.

vald to the assassination. The PSE sub-

the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence Afterward, when hope for the President had

itialed the testimony that Oswald owned

of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS been abandoned, Perry met with the press

fle and that the evidence supplied to

tapes, Brehm stated heatedly that he had and deciared that the wound in the front

allistics expert indicated this rifle was

been quoted out of context, and emphalic- of the neck had been an entry wound.

murder weapon. However, the PSE did

ally denied that any shots had come from

The President's body was flown 1o

substantiate the controversial claims of

the knoll. Despite his emotional state, there

Washingion, D.C. There, approximately

las police regarding the discovery of

was almost no stress in this statement.

evidence.

eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy

Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who

was pertormed at Bethesda Naval Hospital.

he hospital employee was apparently

was riding in the limousine

of Vice-

Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of

ng the truth when he recounted finding

President Johnson, denied that any of the

the neck wound could no longer be ob

bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Hospi-

shots had come from the direction of the

served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,

but many critics have charged that the

grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-

after consulting the Dallas doctors, the

et had been deliberately planted there.

gree of stress.

Bethesda pathologists concluded that it

; is the fanous "single bullet" which the

Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,

was an exit wound. The autopsy report

rren Repor says passed through the

Arnold Rowland and Howard Brennan,

stated that there were two entry wounds,

lies of both ina President and Governor

claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-

one low in the rear scalp and one at the

inally, and then lodged in Connally's.

dows of the Texas School Book Depository

right base of the neck; and two exit wounds,

st. Several researchers have tried to

building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two

the throat wound and a large irregular

eat this, firing the saine type of bullet

men, one armed with a rifle, the second

wound on the right side of the head.

• the wrist oi a cadaver. The bullets never

The confusion was compounded when

rained perfectly intact, as the one tound

two FBI agents present at the autopsy

he stretcher, they became twisted lumps

reported that a wound had been found in

ead and copper.

he second link between Oswald and the

assination is the charge that he killed

cer Tippitt. a Dallas policeman, while

ing from the scene of the first shooting.

umber of eyewitnesses have testified

Chief Justice Warren:

"We explored both these

theories and found

no evidence that

either group was involved"

the President's back, and that no corre-

sponding exit wound had been located.

Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed

to confirm this, showing the lower of the

two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,

not at the base of the neck. What became

: they saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one

of the bullet? The agents reported that

hem, Domingo Benavides: was inter-

Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had

ved on the CBS tapes. He was asked

dropped from the wound when the Dallas

sere was any doub! in his mind that

with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren

doctors attempied external heart massage.

vald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.

Commission he had seen two men, one an

But this was the shot that the Commission

replied, "No. sir, there was no doubt

elderly Negro, in the window Oswald is

claimed had passed through Kennedy and

ill." There was absolutely no stress in

alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS

struck Governor Connally.

statement. He was telling the truth.

tapes he claimed he had seen an armed

X-rays and color photographs of the au

he killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswald

man at a different window. The Commission

topsy were made. The brain was removed

fueled the fires of controversy over the

relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,

from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides

rren Report. Tippitt was farfrom his usual.

who claimed to have seen a gunman in the

were prepared for microscopie examina-

it when he was shot. Some witnesses

"Oswald window" actually firing the last of

tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission

e alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were

the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in. never asked to see any of this evidence.

in together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.

the testimony of all three witnesses.

relying instead solely on the testimony of

y theorize that the three men were part

The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses*

Captain James J. Humes, one of the

in assassination conspiracy, and that

testimony regarding the source of the shots

pathologists who conducted the autopsy.

pitt had been sent to silence Oswald,

is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim

Even more incredible is the disappearance

had been beaten to the draw.

to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll.

of the brain, the slides, and some of the

he

Dallas police radio dispatcher,

and Brehm's denial that any shots came

photographs, which were alleged to have

cer Murray Jackson, was asked if he

from that direction, and it raises serious

been turned over to the National Archives

ught Tippitt knew Oswald. "No," he

doubts about all other claims and counter-

by the Bethesda Naval Hospital.

lied, "I don't think he knew Oswald." Did

claims. This contradiction seems to result

Both Dr. Perry and Captain Humes were

kson know Oswald? "No," answered

from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-

interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was

kson. "I didn't either." The PSE showed

nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair

asked about the throat wound he'd seen

ivy stress in both statements.

amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is

when the President was brought to Parkland

erhaps the greatest source of con-

present here, may have been motivated

Hospital. His answer seemed evasive. He

ersy over the Warren Report is it's claim

merely by a desire for attention. Or there

neither confirmed nor denied that he had

: all the shots were fired by one gunman.

may have been darker reasons.

thought it was an entry wound, talking in

ne eyewitnesses claim to have heard

There is, however, other evidence and

stead about the difficulty of making such

is and seen gunsmoke in the area of

testimony that could shed some light on the

a determination and the fact that his atten-

sw hillock ahead and to the right of the

existence, number and location di assas-

tion had been devoled to saving the Presi-

sidential motorcade. This hillock has

sins other than Oswald. This brings us to

dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him

ne to be known as lie grassy knoll."

perhaps the most dubious and controversial

directly whether he had thought at the time

e of these witnesses was a railroad

element in the Warren Commission's.ver

that it was an entry wound. "Aclually. I didn't

ker named S.M. Holland, wha observed sion of the event the autopsy.

really give it much thought." he replied. He.

PENTHOLISF

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## Page 173

13-00000

sassination Tapes

152.9909.3455108

id hard stress on the PSE. Untortu-

he mad: no other definite statement

the nature of the wound.

intervia: with Captain Humes was

niormative. Just before the interview.

7, Humes had re-examined the autop-

diograghs and X-rays, and he dis-

Jiham a: length on the CBS tapes.

hams tail during the suopsy,

J. had noi oser intended to precisely

ent the iosation of the wounds. How-

le now piesuced a sketch which, he

Jid represent these locations accu-

The internewer asked.

"Your re-

ration of me photographs verity that

lunds wee as shown here?"

;, sir," he replied. No stress.

there any wounds other than one

base of :-= neck and one up in the

"No, sir. inere were not." Moderate

not ercugh to suggest deception.

there any doubt that the wound at

ck of the President's head was an

ound? "There is absclutely no doubt,

jain stress but again moderate.

gether, now many wounds were

'There were iwo wounds of entrance

o of exit." At this point the stress be-

nard.

where were the entry wounds lo-

' "Posteriorly, one low in the right

or.scalp. and one in the base of the

n the right." Hard stress again.

d he be absolutely certain tnat what

I was an entry wound was, in fact,

'es. indeed we can." Hard stress.

nterview with Humes was one of the

it and most detailed on the CBS

and I charted most of it with the PSE.

clear to me that he believed much

he was saying, but the frequentllick-

of moderate stress and the occasion-

es of hard stress suggested that he

nearly as confident of his lestimony

claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had

I out. sometimes it's not easy to tell

y wound from an exit wound.

"terviewer asked him one good "bot-

e" question:

you have any different conclusion,

terent ideas, any different thoughts

er seeing the autopsy photographs,

han you had at that time?"

replied Captain Humes,

"we think

ar up very well, and very closely,

imony before the Warren Commis-

tress was hard.

Specter. one of the Warren Commis-

rincipal investigators. also spoke on

itapes. He said that the case agains!

fitted together very well, and that

could one find among actual crim-

NTHOUSE

ine charge that the Commission had been

severely, but l have never found that they

formed to whitewash the facts.

have discovered ary evidence of any kind

The PSE said he was telling the truth.

that we didn't discover and use in determin:

John McCloy, a member of the Warren

ing the case as we did."

Commission, said much the same thing

Hard stress once again. The word "never"

and added that he had seen no credible was a perfectly "trimmed hedge."

evidence to cortradict the findings of the

"I have found nothing since that time."

Commission. The PSE backed him up on he continued. "to change my view, nor have

this. but it failed to do so when, speaking I heard of anything that has changed the

of the Warren Report, he said, "There was view of any member of the commission.

nothing fraudulent about it." Here the PSE since that time."

showed hard stress.

The stress was hard. As I had now come

If Specter and McCloy were as confident to expect, the word "nothing" seemed a

as the PSE shows them to be in the truthiul- particularly beautiful example of stress.

ness of the Warren Report. What could ba

Another word seemed to show even more

lizuluisn" about it? Perhaps the snipping

stress: "member." Could he have been

off of a few loose ends, the suppression

thinking of someone in particular? Or. Janu-

of a few pieces of inconvenient evidence

ary 19, 1970, Senator Richard B. Russell,

which conflicted with a version of events

a member of the Warren Commission, re-

they believed to be essentially true.

vealed that he had never believed that Lee

The one man who could be expected to Harvey Oswald acted alone.

have the most informed opinion regarding

Thad charted the last of the assassination

the work of the Warren Commission is tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet

former Chie! Justice Earl Warren himself.

of recording tape are only a small fraction'

He had declined to be interviewed on the of the relevant testimony recorded and

CBS program in 1967, but he did appear

stored away in the archives of television

on television in May, 1972, in an interview

news departments. There is, for example,

Lee Harvey Oswald, as he was led through

the Dallas police station, denying that he

had killed the President. There are state-

"... we found no evidence

of any kind that there was

any conspiracy."

There was very hard stress

on "no evidence"

ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and

I have no doubt that with these tapes,

a Psychological Stress Evaluator, and time

to work on them, a very detailed picture

of the assassination of John F. Kennedy

could be reconstructed, a picture that might

even reveal the identities of the assassing

and their co-conspirators. Ihope that sooner

or later someone does this. I have gone as

which was part of a series called The Bran-

far as the private resources of a free-lance

deis Television Recollections. Bob Smith of writer permit.

the Committee provided me with the lape.

What, given the sample of testimony !

The interview was an hour long, but the

have processed with the PSE, can 1 say

Kennedy assassination and the Warren about the assassination?

Commission came up only once. The inter.

We should first examine the testimony in

viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-

whichno stress was found, since it is almost

deis University, was friendly and deferen-

certain that these people were telling the

tial. I charted some of Warren's remarks

truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests

unrelated to the assassination and found

the following:

that he was generally unstressed. Sachar

1. Oswald owned a rifle.

raised the subject of the Commission

2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found

obliquely, and Warren volunteered several

on Govemor Connally's stretcher at Park-

rather lengthy statements about it

Warren said that immediately after the as-

sassination there were two theories, one that

Khrushchev and Castro were behind the

killing, the other that a group of right-wing

Texas oilmen were responsible. He said:

"We explored both of those theories for

3. Bullet tragments alleged to have been

found in the presidential limousine also

came from Oswald's rifle.

4. At least one eyewitness believes he

saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but

another is equally certain no shots came

ten months and found no evidence that

either of them was involved in it."

The PSE showed hard stress.

Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippitt.

6. At least one member of the Warren

Commission and one member of the Com-

... we found no evidence of any kind

mission's staff really believe in the validity

that there was any conspiracy."

of the Warren Report.

Again there was stress, and particularly

7. Jim Garrison had little or no case

hard stress on the words "no evidence.

"I have read everything," said Justice

Almost all of this tends to support, in one

Warren, "that has come to my notice in the way or another, the Warren Report. But now

---

## Page 174

13-00000

The claim that Oswald's rifle was

I in the Texas School Book Depository:

The claim that bullet hulls matching

lid's-rifle were found in the same place.

The claim that one gunman was seen

"Oswald window" of the Dallas Book

sitory.

The claim that two gunmen were seen

; window.

The claim that a gunman was seen

lifferent window of that building.

Another claim that no shots came from

assy knoll, and a claim by the witness

saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that

so heard a shot from that direction.

4 claim by a Dallas policeman that

ir he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald.

The claim by the pathologist-the

n Commission's only source of infor.

n about the autopsy-that the X-rays

stopsy photographs support his tes-

i before the Commission.

he claim by a member of the Warren

lission that there was nothing fraudu-

bout the Warren Report.

The claim by Earl Warren that the

lission found no evidence of a con-

y; that none of the Warren Report's

ever found anything the Commission

issed; tha: he had found nothing since

blication of the Report to change his

and that he knew of no Commission

er. who had ever changed his mind

their conclusions.

murcales decepion, an inerestig and the tot and cannor be cross-checked by

unexpected possibility emerges:

a structured interrogation, some probability

must be accepted that this stress is caused

Oswald was involved in some way in the

assassination, it only as a fall guy. Some o

by an outside issue. No study has yet been

conducted to establish what this probability

the Dallas police force may have been in-

might be, but let us pick, for the sake o

volved, planted the evidence that impli-

cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that

discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu

there was a conspiracy. The medical exam

lously high—70 percent. in otherwords, we

iner believed his own testimony to the War-

are assuming that 70 percent of the times

ren Commission, but later had doubts. The

the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results

Commission found evidence of a conspir-

from something other than lying.

Now, let's ignore the deception indicated

acy but didn't believe it, so they covered in the testimony of the eyewitnesses: even

it up in order to present a tidy package to

if present, it might have resulted from mere

the public. Later, at least one member of

desire for attention. That leaves eight "in-

the Commission changed his mind, but

siders" who have demonstrated stress when

since he didn't know what really did hap-

making statements supporting the Warren

pen, he decided to say nothing. So there

was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-

Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks

Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam

ton nothing worse than blundering.

iner, Captain Humes;

Commission staffer

I could say all this with certainty if l knew

Wesley Liebler, Commission member John-

that stress always equals deception. Unfor-

McClay; former Chief Justice Earl Warren.

tunately, I do not know that. But the PSE

Assuming that there is a 70 percent

analysis of the assassination tapes has

chance that any single instance of stress

generated a staggering amount of fresh

is "outside issue," what is the probability

doubt regarding the Warren. Report. This

that all eight instances are due to factors

doubt rises not only from specific points

other than deception? Elementary proba-

the PSE has called into question, but from bility theory tells us that it is seven-tenths

the very sinister implications of the very

raised to the eighth power, or approximately

existence of deception among policemen, 6 percent.

government officials and Commission

In other words, even making some fairly

members. The question remains: did such conservative assumptions, there is a 94 per-

deception exist or was the stress found by

cent chance that at least one of these eight

the PSE the result, in every case, of an out

men is lying.

side issue?

My own personal opinion? I don't know

I remember the young man with the ring.

He said he was wearing it, and he was,

but he stressed. He stressed not because

he was lying, but because there was some

thing about that ring that really bothered

him, something he didn't want the world to

know. Perhaps that is also true of these men

who, in one way or another, learned some

part of the truth about the assassination ol

John F. Kennedy.

I suppose I'm not absolutely sure even

of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the

Committee, I asked him if there was any

one thing the goverment could do to clear

up the mystery.

Yes, he replied, the one

thing that would help more than anything

else would be to make available the physi

cal evidence — the detailed FBI lab ro

ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs,

the microscopic slides, the bloodstained

clothing, yes, even the President's brain,

wherever it has been hidden. These things,

he said, would go far toward answering the

questions about what actually happened

that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even

confirm the Warren Report.

So when I say I'm not absolutely certain

these men are concealing something, I

mean I can think of something that could

conceivably change my mind. That is, if the

government would open all its files on this

matter to us and prove that we are wrong

—we, the people who ten years later still

believe we haven't yet heard the full account

of the events of November 22, 1963.

---

## Page 175

13-00000

E LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL

•CTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY

BULLETS:

64 - result decided by the assassination of

President John F. Kennedy

68 - result decided by the assassination of

Senator Robert F. Kennedy

12 - result decided by the near-assassination of

Governor Goorge Wallace

T is the evidence?

ire the fatal shots?

has there been such a concerted effort

ithhold the facts?

ras really behind the assassinations?

6911691-33

COME SHARE THE FINDINGS

OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS

AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE

DECADE OF

ASSASSINATIONS

SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO

INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

1963 - 1973

TO BE HELD AT

GEORGETOWN

UNIVERSITY

GASTON HALL

Nov. 23-24, 1973

JOHN F. KENNEDY • SYLVANUS OLYMPIO •

ABDUL KARIM KASSEM • MEDGAR EVERS •

"NGO" DINH DIEM • JIGME DORJI • ADIB AL •

SHISHAKLI • PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE. •

HASSAN ALI MANSOUR • MALCOLM X • VIOLA

LIUZZO • MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO • SIR

ABUBAKAR BALEWA • J.T.V. IRONSI AGUIYI •

HENDRIX VERWOERD • TRAN VAN VAN •

GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL • CHE GUEVARA

• MARTIN LUTHER KING • ROBERT .. F.

KENNEDY • EDUARDO MONDLANE • TOM

MBOYA • A.A. SHERMARKE • GEORGE

WALLACE • SALVADORE ALLENDE •

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.o (202) 232-1152

---

## Page 176

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FRIDAY - NOVEMBER 23

1:00

LATE REGISTRATION -

Early Registrants pick up passes.

8:30

WELCOME:

Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive

Director, Committee

Investigate

Assassinations

Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder

of The Fifth Estate

D:00

CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT

ASSASSINATION CASES:

JFK CASE - Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director

• of Research, Committee to Investigate

Assassinations

RFK CASE - Mr. Robert Hanson, Attorney,

present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan

KING CASE - Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,

present counsel for James Earl Ray

WALLACE CASE - Mr. Ronald Van Doren,

Newsman, Author, researcher into the

background of Arthur Bremer

ROCKWELL CASE - Ms. Meredith Rode,

Professor

at Federal City College,

Authority in killing of George Lincoln

Rockwell

11:30

UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:

Mr. William Turner, Moderator - Former

FBI Agent. Author of numerous books

on investigative techniques

*Mr. George O'Toole - Former CIA Agent,

Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE

• (Psychological Stress Evaluator)

Mr. Robert Saltzman - Computer Engineer,

laad..oao

the Warren Commission

DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS

1963 - 1973

PROGRAM

FRIDAY - Continued

12:30

BREAK FOR LUNCH

2:00

MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:

Mr. Josiah

Thompson,

Professor at Haverford College, author of

Six Seconds In Dallas

Dr. Cyril Wecht - Professor of Law and

Forensic Medicine at Duquesne

University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Ms. Sylvia Meagher - Attorney, UN Official,

author of Accessories After The Fact

Mr. Roger Hanson - Attorney, counsel to

Sirhan Sirhan

Mr. Herbers MacDonnell - Professor of

in case of Fred Hampton

Mr. Mark Lane - Attorney, author of Rush

To Judgment and Executive Action

6:00

BREAK FOR DINNER

8:30

WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT

OR FICTION -

A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert

Saltzman

9:30

12:30

2:00

5:00

SATURDAY - NOVEMBER 24

ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:

Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator -

Humorist and Author of Fear On Trial

Mr. Robert Kaiser - Author of RFK Must

Die

Mr. Donald Freed - Co-Author of Executive

Action

Mr. Harold Weisberg - Author of Frame Up

Mr. Ted Charach - Author of Second Gun

Mr. Peter Noyes - Author of Legacy Of

Doubt

Mr. Fred Cook - Author of numerous books

and articles

BREAK FOR LUNCH

THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY:

Mr. Richard Sprague,

Moderator-

Computer expert and author

Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington

University; author of The Second Oswald

Col. Fletcher Prouty - Former Liaison

Officer

between

Pentagon and CIA;

author of The Secret Teams

Mr. Robert K. Brown - Former Special

Services Officer; expert in attempts on

life of Castro

Mr. Earl Golz - Reporter for Dallas Morning

News; expert on Organized Crimes

Mr. Victor Marchetti - Former ClA Agent;

author

Mr. Peter Dale Scott - Professor. at

Berkeley; Author of The War Conspiracy

INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE

SPEAKERS -

Question and Answer Sessions

---

## Page 177

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sUVU

OURCES AND METHODS lVY

-VED

. SEP

1972

r. Jülius Mader

Author and editor

Editor.of swho's Who in CI"

Mauerstrasse 69

1066 Berlin l 66

Dear Sirs:

I take this opportunity of offering you:

"Yellow List: Where Is the CIA?"

==3<3553333=3=3===z3=3===

("Gelbe Liste: Ho ist die CIA")

This book presents ior the first time anywhere in the

world a documentation

in alphabetical order of more than

400 disguised or subsidised organisations and institutions

of the US civilian and military intelligence network in

Ñorth, Central and Souti America, Europe, Africa and Asia.

The "Yellow List" is available either in the English

or German language.

price per copy, inclusive oi air mail postal costs,

15-52.00 for the corresponding amount in other currencies

Et present exchange rates).

The book will be sent to you

immediately upon receipt of your order blank and check.

I would be grateful if you would mention this publica-

of topical interest to others as well.

Yours

Dr

sincerely

hader

Julius Mader

---

## Page 178

13-00000

17K1-

• SEP.

1972

COMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATION

Nebes

4

Live brad.

The RIGGS NATIONAL BANK

• DASHINGTON, D. C

OffICE

1730 PEAMSULVAN АПЛИВ. Н. V.

DATI_

Size 1022

Solide

-DOLLA

COSMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSIVATIOS

457723

1:051100031 64070985491°

I wish

CIA?" in the

I enclose a check for

....9.85.

===2=3=4=2-2

• copies of the "fellow List: here te the

....language. (Germar(or English)

An Pr 20006

CONTIDENTIAL

---

## Page 179

13-00000

Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey

Lowmyer and John Willard

(Eyes drawn in by FBI artist)

DOCUMENT AS REFERRED TO FBL

IT/A 413

---

## Page 180

13-00000

---

## Page 181

13-00000

---

## Page 182

13-00000

DOCUMENT AS REFERRED TO EBL

412A41

---

## Page 183

13-00000

CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY

INTERSTATE FLIGHT - ROBBERY

1. U. 4132

42-58

WANTED BY FBI

DAMES FAR ERA

ALIASES: Eric Stervo Galt. y

ma. Harvey Lames, James Bride, James U Conner, James Naiton. Jages Falyon. John Willard. "Jim"

FBI No. 405,942 G

16 M 9 U 000 12

W101

Pirata graptos Lakon 1950

Photograph tzien 1953

(eyes drawn by artisti

fornic Ray

DESCRIPTION

AGE: 40, bom March 10. 1928. Altoz Illinois

HENCHIS TU

EYES: blue

WEIGHT: 163 to 174 pounds

COMPLEXION: medium

BUILD: medium

RACE: white

HAIR:

brown, possibly cut short

NATIONALITY: American

OCCUPATIONS:

baker, color matcher, laborer

SCARS AND MARKS: small scar on center of forehead and small scar on

palm of right hand

REMARKS:

noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf:

allegedly attended dance instruction school; has reportedly

completed course in bartending

CRIMINAL RECORD

Ray has been cantucted of burglary, robbery, forging laS. Postal Honey

Orders

armed

robbery, and enerating notor vehicle without ouger's

consent.

CAUTION

RAY IS SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHERELY THE

VICTIN

WAS

SHOT.

CONSIDER

ARMED

AND

EXTREMELY DAN-

GEROUS.

A Federal warrant was issied on Amail 17, 1568, at Biniaghaa, Alabama, charang Ray as Eric Starvo Gait with conspiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 13WL5

Code, Section 21iL., a Federal maraal was also issued on July ã9. 1957, at Jefferson City, Missouri, chargia Ray with Interstate Flight to Avoid Coafinement for the Crime of Roabery (Title 18

• YOU HAVE INFORALATION COMCERNINE THAS PERSON, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FBI OFFICE

THEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTED ON BACK

Identification Dider 8132

April 29, 1368

Directo

Federal Burgau of Investigatio

Washington, D. C.

20535

415A417

DOCUMENT AS ALREmED TO FBl

---

## Page 184

13-00000

DOCUMENT AS REFERRED TO _

413A415

---

## Page 185

13-00000

WANTED

CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY

ERIC STARVO GALT

BY THE

FBI

FBI No. 405,942

DOCUMENT AS ESTATED TO FEL

Photograph taken 1968

(eyes drawn by artist)

Photograph taken 1968

---

## Page 186

13-00000

Age:

Height:

Weight:

Build:

Hair:

Occupation:

Remarks:

DESCRIPTION

36, born July 20, 1931 (not supported by birth records)

5'8" to 5'11"

Eyes:

Blue or hazol

160 to 175 pounde

Complexion:

Modium

Medium

Raçe:

White

Brown, possibly cut short

Has claimed employment as seaman

Noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; allegedly

attended dance instruction school; has reportedly completed course

in bartending.

CAUTION

GALT IS SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHCREIN THE VICTIM WAS

SHOT. CONSIDER ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS.

A Federal warrant was issued on April 17, 1968, at Birmingham, Alabama, charging Galt with con-

spiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 18, U. S. Code, Section 241)."

IF YOU' HAVE ANY INFORMATION CONCERNING THIS PERSON, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YOUR

LOCAL FBI OFFICE. TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTED ON BACK.

hoover

Wanted Flyer 442

April 17, 1968

DIRECTOR

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20535

TELEPHONE, NATIONAL 8-7117

---

## Page 187

13-00000

SICKLI

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGEN. /

''WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505

11 December 1973

19/0023

•. -

C!A

$

MEMORANDUM FOR: Director

Federal Bureau of Investigation

ATTENTION

: Mr. William A. Branigan

SUBJECT

: Conference of the Committee to Investigate

Assassinations,.

Report on Proceedings

23 November 1973 I vi

1.

Herewith a report containing partial coverage on the

events during the first session of the Committee to Investigate

Assassinations, together with material (which is overt) made

available on the floor of the conference.

2. We would be interested in anything you develop on any

of the other sessions of the conference.

FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS:

REC6462-112697-33

I. Canato%

14 JAN 3 1974

EX. 104

James Angleton

Enclosure:

Report w/atts

CIR-316/03107-73

CLASSAFIFU iN

7-2

ENC. BEHIND FILE

055431

!:: 1F1:9000.9

.... Jit

impossible to determine

(unless impuanitili. leer Gule of preat)

SECRET

---

## Page 188

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SECREI

Attachment to CIR-316/03107-73

SUBJECT:

Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations,

Report on Proceedings 23 November 1973

1.

The Committee to Investigate Assassinations claims to

have been established in 1969. The headquarters are in Washington, D. C.

(at 1520 16th Street, N. W.). In the four years of its existence the

Committee has done research and has become a kind of clearing

house for the study of assassinations. It maintains contact with

other groups engaged in similar activity, of which there seem to be

at least two, one of which is located in the Boston area.

2.

In addition to research, the Committee acts to help

individuals interested in the investigation of assassinations. It thus

files suits for private persons demanding access to classified

information. It sponsors the publication of books and articles

relating to the field of its interest, and sponsors the production of

movies. It publishes a newsletter.

3.

The conference of November 23-24, 1973, is the first of

its type to be held by the Committee.

The Georgetown University

was helpful by placing Gaston Hall at the disposal of the Committee

free of charge. By agreement with the University, the Committee

will also be able to use the services of the University Library as a

repository and research center.

4.

The Conference opened on November 23, 1973, with a delay

of about half an hour. The delay may have been due to the installation

of recording equipment which literally covered the premises with a

tangle of wires of every kind. The Washington Post reports an

attendance exceeding 300. This is a generous estimate. After

deducting official speakers, recording personnel, and press

representatives, the audience probably numbered no more than 150,

if that many.

CLASSIFIFU iT

§ 34181

006593

; *;

91: 1 00.09

...sliddst.

impossible to determine

SECRET

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## Page 189

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StUKtI

5.

Beards and long hair prevailed, and others stood out like a

Bore thumb. There was not a single Negro in the audience, nor, that

morning, on the platform. Even the speaker who spoke on the case

of Martin Luther King was white.

6. Not all the speakers preannounced were present. The

chairman announced the absence of Richard Sprague. Another

speaker, a lawyer from Los Angeles whose name was drowned

out in the noise, was also absent. They were replaced by Dr. Robert

Forman and someone whose name sounded like "Ed Kirkley"

1 ..

7.

The chairman announced that all the speeches would be

tape recorded for subsequent publication. He further invited the

audience to attend movies to be shown that night. One of these,

"Burn"', was to be shown at the University. Others by prearrangement

would be shown at local movie theaters, The latter were connected

with the Kennedy assassination.

The case of the President's murder

was in the center of the conference and, as noted by one of the

organizers (Smith), one half of the speakers were to center their

attention upon the Oswald case.

8.

The chairman adhered strictly to the program and every

speaker mentioned in the program for the morning session of

November 23 spoke as specified. Of those who spoke, Norman

Mailer, Robert P. Smith and Ronald Van Doren deserve particular

attention. Their speeches in summary are reviewed below.

9.

A table at the back of the audience presented recommended

literature. The books included H. Weissberg's Whitewash and

Peter Noyes' Legacy of Doubt. For some reason there was a copy

of one paper only, that of George O'Toole's "Assassination Tapes".

There was also a bibliography of political assassination; the foreword

to which lists the persons most actively collaborating with the

Committee.

2

SECRET

... i

---

## Page 190

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10. A publication circulated during the conference was the

November, 1973 issue of Computers and Automation which is to

be renamed, starting January 1, 1974, Computers and People.

The publication of articles such as "Nixon and the Mafia" which

concludes that Richard M. Nixon seems to be the embodiment of

a prediction that organized crime would someday put its own man

in the White House, seems somewhat curious in a magazine devoted

to the profession of data processing and the use of computers.

The magazine was established in 1951 by Berkeley Enterprises in

Massachusetts. Alger Hiss is among its contributors and an

abundance of articles by Richard Sprague on the subject of Watergate

published in the past year.

11. Another organization which received publicity at the

Conference was The Committee for Action/Research on the

Intelligence Community (CARIC).

12. A representative of Computers and Automation handed out

this publication free of charge to members of the audience. He took

notes with fantastic speed and apparent accuracy of everything said

during the proceedings.

13 .

The lights gave out at one point and did not come on again

during the morning session.

The absence of current may have

affected the tape recording.

14. The morning session, due to close at 12:30, ended after

1:30 p.m. By this time the audience was impatient to have lunch,

and the resumption of the proceedings was therefore postponed to a

later hour.

15.

No document of any kind was issued to the persons who

paid $15. 00 to enter. Instead their hand was stamped with the name

of the organization which gave them access to all further meetings

that day and the next (the members of the audience were apparently

not supposed to wash their hands during this time). Names were

taken down, but no questions asked other than one's initial. No

information on address, occupation, etc. was required.

3

SECRET

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## Page 191

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SECRET

16. Speech by Norman Mailer. This was beyond a doubt, the

most striking presentation during the Friday morning session.

n during he Friday a

Mailer spoke briefly and left the conference shortly after the speech.

17. Mailer said that political intelligence as a subject was as

powerful as "peace". Interest in assassination is obsessive. The

obsession arises from the fact that a solution to the problem is not

found, and attention is constantly drawn back to the unanswerable

question.

18.

He said that we have here the most powerful nation in the

world which cannot come to grips with a question which seems as

amazingly simple as the Kennedy assassination. The result has

been that this nation has decided to shut down investigation and has

thus alienated itself from its own history. This alienation has

brought apathy, a trait noticeable in the reaction to investigations

which bring no wide response.

19. A nation which rejects its own history is on the path to a

totalitarian regime. Facts, meanwhile, have a peculiar ability to

change when they are investigated, and investigators must therefore

rely upon hypothesis.

The history of the last ten years has been

made unendurable by the abundance of hypotheses.. They range

from the opinion that an assassination is an accident lacking any

particular sequence to the hypothesis that secret police forces are

engaging in a world conspiracy.

20.

The present conference must help us to learn whether

there are possibilities, and what possibilities exist, to solve these

questions.

21. Speech by Robert P. Smith. Mr. Smith was described as

the director of research of the Committee, but he seems to be one

of the major motive forces in this organization.

22.

Mr. Smith pointed out that he had spent the last three years

studying the Kennedy case. Much research had been done, but

nothing had changed, so far as practical action was concerned, in

the last nine years.

4

'SECRET

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## Page 192

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SECRET

27. Speech by Ronald Van Doren. Mr. Van Doren seems to be a

follower of Governor Wallace. He began by commenting on the sad

situation in a country with a judiciary where individuals have to make

conjectures regarding a case as obvious as that of Bremer.

There is

no doubt that Bremer pulled the trigger. But one should examine the

political situation at the time of his action. Wallace was by far the

leading candidate in the election campaign, a threat to other candidates.

and he was winning the nomination. He represented a challenge to

both parties. Nothing he said could be interpreted as racist, and in

the economic sense he carried wide appeal. The question which faced

the other candidates was how he could be stopped from disrupting the

two parties and from preventing the re-election of the President.

History will show how he was stopped and why this occurred.

28. The case in defense of Wallace's civil rights was quietly

dropped. No proper investigation was conducted. As usual in

assassination cases there was a diary. It showed that Bremer was

acting alone and was deranged. Read as a piece of literature, the

diary presents Bremer as a non-person, an illiterate unable to spell.

There is nothing regarding the people he worked with. Meanwhile, if

one examines Bremer's background, he appears an entirely different

person. Why did he travel repeatedly to Ottawa? How did he manage

to carry guns on planes? What was he doing in New York? Why was

he in Washington? And where did he get his funds? The apartment

he rented exceeds his annual income. His mother could not afford

to visit him in prison, yet he dressed well. With whom was he

involved?

29.

All this should be looked into. Watergate brought the

electoral campaign to the fore. Why has discussion of the Bremer

shooting been excluded from the investigation? Bremer was a part

of the 1972 campaign, yet there is no mention of Wallace or of

Bremer. Two years from now Wallace will be back.

30.

Speech by Ms. Meredith Rode. Ms. Rode was very brief.

She said she became interested in the killing of George Lincoln Rockwell

in 1970, and that the case was built on circumstantial evidence exclusively.

The case is still open, for the police believe that there was an accomplice.

No funds are available for defense.

5

SECRET

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## Page 193

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SECRET

23.

Although the National Archives are the repository for the

Kennedy assassination documents, the FBI and the CIA are

responsible for restricting research. Much of the 300 cubic feet

of documents have been printed, a reclassification in 1971 has

released 3, 000 pages, and the CIA later released more, but none of

the material released has created any sensation. The Freedom

of Information Act is not as liberal on assassination material as on

other matters. Some material was not even turned over to the

Warren Commission. The FBI and the Justice Department are alone

in knowing the

, results of some tests.

24. In the non-governmental area, much has been published,

and the book by Peter Noyes must be singled out particularly.

25.

Speech by Mr. Robert Hanson. Mr. Hanson has become

the counsel for Sirhan Sirhan.

He studied to become an engineer

and then shifted to law. (To judge from the number of cases which

he says he has lost, heshouldhave remained an engineer instead of

becoming an attorney.)

Mr. Hanson said that the Sirhan case is pretty hopeless.

The trial was based on a 100 per cent belief in Sirhan's guilt.

Therefore important witnesses were not called, and no attention

was paid to ballistics. Scientific study, however, indicates that

Sirhan Sirhan may not even have been the person who committed

the crime. But even if it is proved that his gun did not kill

Robert Kennedy, this discovery may have no influence upon Sirhan's

case. California officials have no desire to reopen the case and

funds to handle the proceedings are lacking. A book by Tiger on

the case is worthy of note. Tiger claims that Sirhan Sirhan was

acting under hypnotic influence.

26.

Speech by James Lesar. Mr. Lesar, who spoke on the

Martin Luther King assassination, declared that Ray was innocent,

and that the FBI and the Justice Department were responsible for

wrongly solving the crime. Ray was framed by conspirators. The

persons presently involved in Watergate played a role in the Ray

case investigation. No private agency - only a government agency -

can solve the Ray case. All depends on whether the judiciary acts

honestly or with political consideration in mind. As it stands today,

we see Ray's rights having been abominably violated; we see lawyers

who did not do their job; and we see nothing approaching an open

hearing.

6

SECRET

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## Page 194

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SECRET

31. There was also a speech by Robert Salzman who was

long-winded and technical. No useful coverage available.

32. Copies of materials which were available at the Conference

are attached.

A.

American Political Assassinations: A Bibliography

of Works Published 1963-1970 Related to the Assassination

of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F.

Kennedy. Compiled by The Committee to Investigate:

Assassinations, Washington, D.C., 1973.

B.

"Decade of Assassinations -- 1963-1973". Committee

to Investigate Assassinations, 1973.

C.

"Don't Read This Out Loud!" Intelligence Report.

The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence

Community (CARIC).

D.

Announcement. The announcement states that

Senator John Stennis will begin hearings on his

Bill to amend the National Security Act, in regard

to the clarification of the authority of the CIA.

Assassination Tapes by George O'Toole.

Published by Penthouse International Ltd., 1973.

F.

Computers and Automation (Computers and People),

November, 1973, Volume 22, No 11.

SECRET

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## Page 195

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ANNOUNCEMENT

Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Armed

Services Committee, will begin hearings early in the

New Year on his Bill No. S.2597 -- to amend the National

...

Security. Act -- in regard to clarification of the

authority of the CIA.

The bill recently introduced by Senator Stennis

resulted in part from correspondence with Senator Edmund

Muskie, Chairman of the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee.

To some degree, these hearings were inspired by the

Watergate developments.

People with knowledge in the areas which might

be fruitful for investigation should be in touch with

Senator Stennis' Comnittee.

For further information,

contact the Task Force For A Nuclear Test Ban,. Betty Lall

and Jo Pomerance, Co-Chairmen, care of the Project on.

Budget Priorities, 1620 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.

20006.

---

## Page 196

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• PUBLICATIONS

publishes a bi-weckly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and a

waterly nunce COUNTER-SPY featuring various articles examining

he itruc.ures and operations of U.S. Intulligence, In addition, CARIC

ub isles occisional pamphlets on various concepts in the craft of

•Ite ligensu.

L'ARIC also provides reprints of selected articles on

inte liger ce vilich have appeared in other publications.

CARIS is freparing a guide to U.S. Intelligence which will serve as a

silizer: ar cess device to the hidden world of government operations. We

ups that ans controversy raised by this guide or any other CARIC

rubication will lead to public debate and resolution of the issues

noived. Our analysis is based in a firm belict that no human being

hould ta denied life, liberty or the pursuit of happiness by our

overnment oi its agents. CARIC publications aid the public effort to

nsu "o the vaneration of this concept by those in our government.

• IN-FROM-THE-COLD HEARINGS

CARL: wil sponsor In-From-The-Cold Hearings featuring public

testimony by individuals intimately involved with U.S. Intelligence. The

nearings will focus on American intervention abroad, domestic

iprission in this country and the effects of secrecy on the individuals'

persorality. Former intelligence workers and those who have been

victimized by the intelligence community will publicly relate their

wart cipa ion in uctivities of our government which can no longer be

ignored ty youd citizens.

JOIN THE COUNTER-SPY

TEAM

Join with us in our effort to end illegal, unconstitutional

and gross acts" by our government. CARIG is entirely

supported by donations from American. citizens. Donate and

become a sponsoring member of the Committee for

Action/Research on the Intelligence Community, Sponsoring

members receive our bi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT

and our quarterly COUNTER-SPY as well as additional

information on government operations. CARIC actively seeks

the advice and viewpoints of all sponsoring members in our

activities. Write to CARIC, Box 647, Ben Franklin Station,

Washington, D.C. 20044, or call (202) 785-8330.

• With your support we can prevent the visions of George

Orwell in 1984 from becoming an American reality..

STOP THE SPYING

STOP TECHNOFASCISM

CARIC

BOX 647

Ben

Pranklin Station

Hashington, D.C.

20044

I wish

to sponsor the efforts of carIc.

Ploase find enclosed my

donation of &

I wish only to subscribo to the INTELLIGENCE

REPORT'& and

to COUNTER-SPY (86/individual,

$10/organization)

NAME

ADDRESS

BIP

INTELLIGENCE REPORT

Don't

Read

This

Out

Loud!

The Committee for Action Research on li

Intelligence Community (CARIC)

---

## Page 197

13-00000

he headlines in African newspapers have for years told of Army

rillunce of civilians, U.S. spy planes being shot down over other

airies, attempted coups

and intrigue initiated by the ClA and

we strained

FBl wiretapping. We all know that Biy Brother is

irking, but no one in our government has taken the time to explain

1s.s is being spied upon, and why we are being watched. Too often, we

vinerican citizens don't even know who Big Brother is.

in 1955, President •Eisenhower accepted the report of the Hoover

cum:mission on U.S. Intelligence. Among other recommendations, the

i-mission emphasized the need for two "watchdog" committees on

indigence within

the executive

and Icg:slative branches

of

an ement. Although a Fereign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB)

his istiblished to serve the President, Congress by an overwhelming

?:. lity has refused to establish a committee within the icgislative

t..uh. Now, in the midst of the Watergate scanduls, there is some

ruinent within Congress to establish committees on the separate

silligence agencies. The result will be divided oversight with no

:::ance that Congress will he able to stop illegal and unjustified

My. With Congress abrogating its responsibilities, there is no agency

il government, directly responsible to the public, monitoring ithe

Jited Stales Intelligence Community.

Now former intelligence workers and concerned citizens have

orded a national association to provide the vita information an aware

Millic needs to know about government operations. The Committee for

'inn/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) is an

"'pendent "watchdog" on the government spy apparatus. CARIC,

poisored entirely by donations from American citizens, surves as an

lornative source uf analysis and information on the practices,.

• mrization and objectives of U.S. Intelligerce. What clandestine

pirations are being carried out in the name of America? Is the ClA

ovarig to entangle us in another war similar lo the Indochina War?

a information is going into Federal, State, local and private data

cils on innocent Ainerican citizens? Is the FBI becoming a "secret

"r Won force?" Whose phones are tapped in America? These are some of

I: ruestions CARIC is ansivering.

*ARIC knows that all conscientious Americans are closely watching

1.. svents that have unfolded since the arrests made at the Watergate

mulling. We share the liope of most Americans that the illegal

pionage practices that have now leen expossel will no longer be a part

•perican political life. Hewevir, the distilling of one espionage:

'al loval lu one group of politicians does not insure thit this abuse:

¿ irate will n01 he cerealed by future politicians.

Who knows what future political espionage will occur under the

guise of so-called "national security" or loyalty to an administration?

Only time will tell, but through diligence and your help CARIC will

anticipate and bring to your attention situations within the government

that are likely to produce a new "Watergate."

Although CARIC does believe that a massive government spy

apparatus is at work in the world, we hope to dispel some of the

paranoia citizens naturally feel when there is talk of spics and wiretaps.

We know that the FBI does not have agents behind every tree, but there

are agents in every major community in this country who have spied on

innocent private and public citizens. Only a full and undisguised look

into this hidden world can displace unwarranted fears, and guide the

public effort to end this illegal and unjustified espionage. The secrecy

with which the government surrounds itself must end.

CARIC knows that tens of thousands of American citizens from all

walks of life were mobilized over the past decade to help bring an end

to the government's war in Indochina - a war that has taken new forms

under the direction of U.S. Intelligence agencies. CARIC hopes that

these same concerned citizens will continue to oppose the policies of

our government which bring this new form of covert war and the

Watergate scandals. It is now time for thousands of Americans to

mobilize to stop the spying as we stopped the dying. Please join us in

our effort.

THE COMMITTEE FOR ACTION/RESEARCH

ON THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (CARIC)

INTELLIGENCE

REPORT

• CARIC ORGANIZATION

CARIC is organized to reflect the operating procedures of a typical

intelligence organization. Our rescarch process involves collecting

information from a wide variety of sources both public and private. Our

analysis is the collective product of CARIC participants and climinates

my comparimentalization of knowledge. The information and our

analysis is then disseminated through CARIC publications and separate

porks ly CARIC participants. In addition, CARIC provides intormatior

O'other journalists and qualified rescarchers

• INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (IDC)

CARIC is continuously collecting information on intelligence fron a

variety of sources including ollicial government nublications ind

documents, previous investigations, pullic account: an literviesus

conducted with hundreds of former intelligence and police ager ts. The

information forms the data-base of the Intelligence Documentation

Center maintained by CARIC. The IDC is a library el informacion on

U.S. Intelligence available upon request lu journalisis, qualitied

researchers and members of CARIC.

• SPEAKERS BUREAU AND WORKSHOPS

CARIC maintairs a listing of members available 1o spesk before

groups on a variety of subjects ranging from the foreign intelligence

programs of our government to the problems of criminal justice: in this

country. Our speukers include former intelligence workcis, police

agents and informers and others familiar with American in lllige ice.

CARIC will puriodically conduct workshops for church, labor,

school or community organizations. Workshop topics inclurle:

• OPERATION PHOENIX - CIA assisssination in Vietnan.

• SALEM HOUSE - Preparation for the coup in Canitocia

• The CIA in Laos

• OPERATION BOULDER - An introduction to the nest A merican

war

• Right-wing terrorism in America

• Federal Planning for civil disturbances: Riols and damor strations

• The Internai Security apparatus and Watergale

• MULTI-MEDIA BRIEFING

CARIC will: soon augment our workshops with a multi-malia

briefing on U.S. in elligence featuring files, vidco tapes, disp ays and

recorded interviews. The exhibit will dramatically ill strate: Intelliginee

as practiced by our government. Our hope is to creal à super-conscious

realization by our audience of the concepts presented in th: display.

The first element of the multi-media briefing is a slide show trasing

the growth of the intonal security apparalus of our gasernn em all

demonstrating hoir this apparalus influenced the Mitigalo sCar: 13ls.

The slide show terminates wiih suggestion for lining faire au: del

of the internal security apparallis.

---

## Page 198

13-00000

November, 1973

Vol. 22, No. 11

UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973

computers

and automation

STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974

computers

and people

Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers

Control in Time-Sharing Systems

Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation

Computers in Science Fiction

Strategy and Action on World Trade

Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions

Nixon and the Mafia - Conclusion

WORKING TOGETHER

_ M. J. Cerullo

- F. C. Castillo

_ G. C. Hertlein

- M. Ascher

- J. H. Binger

- J. P. Frankel

- J. Gerth

---

## Page 199

13-00000

'Here is the start of the most famous article that we ever published - excerpted from the May, 1970, issue of

Computers and Automation. If you would like to read this article, and look at the eleven photographs it contains,

send us $2 (prepayment is necessary). This issue is RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND IF IN

SALABLE CONDITION). How can you lose?

Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160

THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY:

THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS

TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

1 ..

Part 1. Introduction

Who Assassinated President Kennedy?

On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas,

President

John F. Kennedy,

while riding in an open limousine

through Dealej Plaza and waving to the surrounding

crowds,

was shot to death.

Lee Harvey Oswald, an

ex-Marine,

and former visitor to the Soviet Union.

was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in

another section of Dallas;

with shooting

that night he was charged

President Kennedy

from the sixth floor

easternmost window of the Texas School Book Deposi-

tory Building

overlooking Dealey Plaza.

This act

Oswald denied steadily through

two days of question-

ing (no record of questions and answers was ever

preserved).

Two days later while Oswald was being

transferred from one jail to another,

he was shot

by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club

owner,

in the

basement of the Dallas police station,

while mil-

lions of Americans watched on television.

The com-

mission of investigation,

appointed by President

Lyndon B.

Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl

Warren of the l.

S.

Supreme

Court,

published its

report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald

was the sole assassin and that there was no conspir-

actim view of the authority of the Warren Commis-

sion,

that conclusion was accepted by many Americans

for a long time.

But the

conclusion cannot be con-

sidered true by any person who carefully considers

the crucial evidence

such as the physics of the

shooting, the timing of a number of events, and

other important and undeniable facts.

words,

In other

Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there

was a conspiracy.

This article will develop that thesis, prove it

to be true on the basis of substantial.

conclusive

evidence, and in particular some analysis of the

photographic evidence.

There was in fact a conspiracy.

Oswald played

a role in the conspiracy,

although there is con-

clusive evidence that on November 22, 1963, he did

no shooting at President lennedy.

and that,

just

as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail.

he

nas a "patsy."

At least three gunmen (and proba-

bly four)

- none of whom were in the sixth floor

easternmost window of the Texas School Book Depos-

story building where the Warren Commission placed

Oswald - fired a total of six shots at President

Kennedy of these shots missed entirely: one his

Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding

with Kennedy; and four hit President kennedy, one

in his throat, one in his back, and two in his

by

Richard E. Sprague

Hartsdale, New York

undeniable evidence for

these statements about the shots consists of:

frames of the famous film

by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the in-

in Kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more

than 100 pictures,

consisting of more than 30

still photographs and more than 70 frames of mo-

More than 50 persons were involved in the con-

spiracy at the time of firing the shots.

These

persons included members of the Dallas police force

(but not all of the Dallas police - and that ac-

(continued in the May 1970 issue of Computers and Automation)

Contents

4

Parts

Introduction

The Photographic Evidence

The Application of Computers 10

the Photographic Evidence

Appendices:

Acknowledgements and Notices

Epilogue

Bibliography

Page

30

34

56

58

59

60

Figures

Helicopter View of Dealey Plaza

Policemen and "Tramps"

"Tramps"

Policemen and "Tramps"

Policemen and "Tramps"

6, 7

6th Floor Easternmost Window of the

Texas School Book Depository

Building

8, 9 Kennedy About the Time of the First

10

Shot

Kennedy After the First Three Shots

11

and Before the Fatal Shot

The Radio Communicator

37

38

39

40

41

12

13

44,15 .

33

Charts

Spatial Chart

Schematic Timing Char

Index to Spatial able

Chart

Photographs Acquired. by FBI and

Unavailable

48, 11

46

50

52

57

58

Computer-Assisted Analysis

•.-

---

## Page 200

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THE PURSUIT OF IMPORTANT TRUTH

The magazine Computers and Automation has for more

than three years followed an unusual publication policy:

- The pursuit of truth in input, output, and pro-

dessing, for the benefit of people,

and an unusual belief:

- That computers are too important to be left to

computer experts and must be integrated into a

socially responsible profession of information

engineering.

Where this policy has operated most is in publishing

information, articles, and reports on subjects which a

great many liberal and progressive newspapers and peri.

odicals have left unexplored or unmentioned:

- The political conspiracies which have led to the

assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Sena-

tor Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and

others - and their coverups

- The conspiracies, coverups, and lies in connection

with the pursuit of war in Indochina and dictator-

ship by the Saigon regime

- The connections of President Richard M. Nixon

with organized crime and the Mafia

- The Watergate crimes

If you believe in the value of truthful, frank reporting

on the most important topics for the welfare of the

people of the United States today, we urge you to sub-

scribe to our magazine, and buy our back copies (almost

every one is in print).

Please help us pursue the important

truth and report on it, by buying our products.

EdmundS.Beckely

Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical ...

omputers and Automation, established 195

and

herefore the oldest magazine in the field of com

puters and data processing, believes that the pro-

Session of information engineer includes not only

competence in handling information using computers

and other means, but also a broad responsibility,

in a professional and engineering sense, for:

- The reliability and social significance of

pertinent input data;

- The social value and truth of the output

results.

same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro-

fessional responsibility for the reliability and

significance of

the data he uses, and the safety

and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human

beings to risk their lives on.

Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes

from time to

time

articles and other

information

related

to socially useful input and output of data

systems in a broad sense.

To

this end we seek

to

publish what is unsettling,

disturbing,

critical

— but productive of thought and

an improved and

safer "house" for all humanity, an earth in which

our children and later generations may have a fu-

ture, instead of facing

extinction.

The professional information engineer needs to

relate his engineering

to the most important and

mo.st

serious problems in the

world today:

nuclear weapons.

war,

pollution, the population explo-

sion, and many more.

- - - (may be copied on any piece of paper) - -

TO:

Computers and Automation (Computers and People, starting January 1, 1974)

815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, U.S.A.

( ) YES, please start my subscription to your magazine -

Without the "Computer Directory": I enclose (

/ U.S.A., $11.50

) With the "Computer Directory": I enclose (

/ U.S.A., $23.50

) Canada, $12.50

/ Canada, $24.50

( ) Please bill my organization.

/ / Please send me information about the important articles in back copies (usual cost, $2 each)

Name: -

- Title.

Organization:

Address:

| Foreign, $17.50

) Foreign, $32.50

Signature:.

Purchase Order No.

---

## Page 201

13-00000

Vol. 22, No. 11

November, 1973

Editor

Edmund C. Berkoley

Assistant

Edisors

Barbara L. Chaffee

Linda Ladd Lovett

Neil D. Macdonald

Software

Editor

Stewart B, Nelson

Advertising

Drector

Edmund C. Berkeley

Contributing

Editors

John Bennett

Moses M. Berlin

Andrew D. Booth

John W. Carr 111

Ned Chapin

Leslie Mezei

Bernhard W. Romberg

Ted Schoeters

Richard E. Sprague

Advisory

Committee

Ed Burnett

James J. Cryan

Bernard Quint

Editorial

Offices

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

815 Washington St.

Newtonville, Mass. 02160

617-332-5453

Advertising

Contact

The Publisher

Berkeley Enterprises, Inc

815 Washington St.

Newtonville, Mass. 02160

617-332-5453

"Computers and Automation" is pub

lished monthly, 12 issues per year, at 815

Washington St.

Newtonville, Mass 02160,

by Berkeley Enterprises,

Inc.

Frinted in

U.S.A. Second Class Postage paid at Boston,

Mass., and additional mailing points.

Subscription rates: United States, $11.50

for one year, $22.00 for two vears.

Canada:

add $1 a year; foreign, add $6 a year.

NOTE:

The above rates do not include

our publication

"The Computer Directory

and Buyers' Guide".

If you elect to

ceive "The Computer Directory and Buyers'

beiption see in ane condone

$15.00 per year elsewhere.

address

all mail to:

Tonie, Man, 0276 an on St, Now

Postmaster: Please send all forms 3579

prizes, Inc.

Change of address: If your address

changes, please send us both your now

address

and your old address (as it ap

pears on the magazine address imprint), and

allow three weeks for the chando to be

UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973

computers

and automation

STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974

computers

and people

The Computer Industry

8 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages

(T A)

of Computers

by Michael J. Cerullo, State University of New York,

Albany, N.Y.

How to plan, before operations begin, a cooperative service

bureau that will provide its sponsors with all the advantages

of electronic data processing, plus the advantages of greatly

reduced expenses.

10 Control in Time-Sharing Systems

(T Al

by Fermin Caro del Castillo, Fort Worth, Texas

How time-shared computer systems should be controlled,

made secure, and protected against incursions and hazards.

14 Alienation and the Systems Analyst

(T A)

by Alan E. Brill, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y.

How systems analysts are often looked upon as in a

"computer department" and outside of the firm - and

what might be done to correct this practice.

Computers and Art

18 Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation

[T A)

by Grace C. Hertlein, California State University-Chico,

Chico, Calif.

How computer art is ranging through variation in patterns,

variations in design, and varying philosophies of art - and

where it may go.

Computers and the Future

20 Computers in Science Fiction - 11

[NT A)

by Marcia Ascher, Professor of Mathematics, Ithaca College,

Ithaca, N.Y.

A survey of some two dozen themes of importance in

the real world that are reflected in science fiction when

astute writers explore the significance of computers to

human beings.

6 The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers

INT EJ

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation

Some rather convincing evidence suggests that before long

some large areas of ordinary natural language will be un-

derstood by computers.

World Affairs and Social Policy

15 Strategy and Action on World Trade

(NT A)

by James H. Binger, Chairman, Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis

Minn.

Why it is important for the well-being of the people of

the United States to aid the international division of

• labor and production: - a discussion bv the head of a

---

## Page 202

13-00000

The magazine of the design, applications, and implications of

information processing systems - and the pursuit of truth in

input, output, and processing, for the benefit of people.

World Affairs and Social Policy (continued)

33 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions

INT AJ

by J. P. Frankel, Dean of the Faculty, Harvey Mudd

College, Claremont, Calif.

Which projects and problems should scientists work on?

and which projects and problems should receive support

by the government and which from other sources?

The Profession of Information Engineer and the Pursuit of Truth

3-Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical

INT Fl

Statement of policy by Computers and Automation

3 The Pursuit of Important Truth

(NT F)

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

Four kinds of truth that are regularly unexplored and

unmentioned.

36 Nixon and the Mafia - Conclusion

iNT Al

by Jeff Gerth, SunDance Magazine, San Francisco, Calif.

The many connections of President Richard M. Nixon

with organized crime, scandal, etc.

26 Burying Facts and Rewriting History - 1l

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation

Taken together the information published May 1970 to

November 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively

estroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten histor

at the establishment in the United States has arranged fo

the people in the United States to believe.

28 Political Assassinations in the United States

(NT R]

Inventory of 41 articies published in Computers and

Automation May 1970 to October 1973 on the assassi-

nations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert

Kennedy, Reverend Martin Luther King, and other polit-

ically important persons in the United States: titles,

authors, and summaries.

27 The Watergate Crimes

INT RI

Inventory of 12 articles published in Computers and

Automation August 1972 to September 1973 on the

Computers, Puzzles, and Games

35 Numbles

by Neil Macdonald

Corrections

For changes in "The Path to Championship Chess by Computer" by

Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of

Computers and Automation, see page 23 of this issue, or page 24 of

the July issue.

For changes in the reprinting and the indexing of "Communication -

Three Wav: Chimnanzee. Man. Combuter". published in the Julv issue.

(T C)

Front Cover Picture

Three eighth graders - each from

a different continent - are working

together to solve complex mathe

matics problems. They are at the

new United Nations International

School, and are Laurence Ling May,

a Chinese-Thai American; Catharina

Nilson of Stockholm, Sweden; and

Arun Alagappan of India. The

minicomputer system is a gift from

Digital Equipment Corp. For more

information, see page 43 of the

July 1973 issue.

Departments

42 Across the Editor's Desk -

Computing and Data

Processing Newsletter

50

Advertising Index

50

Calendar of Coming Events

32

Classified Advertisement

48

Monthly Computer Census

46

. New Contracts

47

New Installations

23

Statement of Ownership

Key

(A) - Article

[C) - Monthly Column

(E) - Editorial

[F) - Forum

INT) - Not Technical

(R] - Reference

(T] - Technical

NOTICE

•D ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT

MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIP-

TIE NERVES MONSTER

YOUR PRESENT SUBSCRIPTION

DOES NOT INTRUDE THE COM

---

## Page 203

13-00000

EDITORIAL

The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers

Proposition: Computers are making long strides towards

understanding natural language as used by human

beings, and will eventually understand such language

as well as many human beings do.

What do we mean by: computers? understanding lan-

guage? natural language? And what is the evidence for this

proposition?

The word "computers" here refers to powerful comput-

ers that have appropriate programs written by human be-

ings plus the programmed capacity to improve their pro-

grams by using experience.

An example of such improve-

ment is Dr. A. L. Samuels' famous checker-playing pro-

gram, which can learn from experience, and which plays

far better checkers than Dr. Samuels himself can play.

The experience may consist of the following at least:

Answers from human beings to questions posed by

the computer;

Differences between computed results and a priori

specified results;

Signals from the environment, such as instrument

readings;

Information obtained by "looks" at the environment,

as for example recognition of the character A, as

in optical character recognition;

The interpretation of words, as with FORTRAN ex-

pressions.

Probably there are even more categories of experience

which a powerful computer program can use to modify it-

seli to become even a better program.

In regard to "understanding language", there are over

500 languages which computers have been programmed to

understand, when written precisely according to stated

rules: among them, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, many

kinds of machine language, etc.

"Natural language" is the ordinary language used by hu-

man beings, subject to the requirement that for a computer

implicit understandings must be stated. For example, when

a speaker exclaims "Ouch!", a great deal of the meaning

comes from the listener's observations of the speaker.

But

a computer, like a blind man, cannot "see" the situation,

and must be told more than the ordinary. listener.

With some definitions taken care of, let us consider evi-

dence for the main proposition stated above. This evidence

includes the information published in several recent ar-

ticles in Computers and Automation.

The article ""Do What I Mean' - The Programmer's As-

sistant", by Warren Teitelman, in the April 1972 issue,

described a "programmer's assistant", called "DWIM"; this

was a "front end" or preprocessor to an interactive pro-

gram for operating with LISP expressions. The front end

was tolerant of the programmer's mistakes in typing, in low-

mistake occurred, it would inquire of the human program-

mer what he meant, suggesting the correctly spelled alter-

native, and so on. In this way the human programmer was

relieved of much of the burden of expressing himself ex-

actly and correctly the first time, and his efficiency in

using the LISP interactive program greatly increased.

The three articles "Computer Programming Using Natu-

ral Language" by Edmund C. Berkeley, Andy Langer, and

Casper Otten, in the June, July, and August 1973 issues,

demonstrated the understanding by a computer program

called GENIE of at least some sets of instructions in ordi-

nary natural language.

The vocabulary though small was

free; and there was unlimited freedom in putting the words

together, with about a 90% chance of complete under-

standing.

The computer program that did this could be

called 15% GENIE, because, as the authors emphasized, it

was still in an early stage of development.

The article "Latest Computers See, Hear, Speak, and

Sing - and May Outthink Man" by David Brand, in the

October 1973 issue, enumerated many instances of com-

puters (and robots equipped with computers) which could

deal with concepts expressed in natural language. One of

the programs mentioned could for example decipher natu-

ral language commands dealing with the stacking of blocks

of various shapes, sizes, and colors.

The main tasks for understanding natural language ap-

pear to be the following:

Recognition of the framework of a sentence;

Recognition of the common meaning of groups of

synonyms, the collection of words that "say

the same thing".

Knowledge of context: the context is regularly

specified to the computer, so that it does not

have to deduce the context from "what is being

said";

Knowledge of a limited vocabulary consisting of per-

haps 300 to 500 words - knowledge in the sense

that the computer program can attach meaning to

the words either by themselves or in phrases, as

for example it may attach the meaning of doing

something three times to the numeral 3;

Capacity to accept variation in the way something is

stated by a human programmer

The three articles referred to above show instances of

the achievement of all of these tasks separately. Combin-

ing all the achievements should not be too hard, especially

Edmunds. Berkelly

---

## Page 204

13-00000

The Notebook on

COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED

is devoted to development, exposition, and illustration of what

may be the most important of all fields of knowledge:

WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT =

COMMON SENSE

+

WISDOM

JUDGEMENT

AND

MATURITY

SCIENCE

IN

GENERAL

TECHNIQUES

FOR

SOLVING

PROBLEMS

TECHNIQUES

*FOR

AVOIDING

MISTAKES

+

SOME PARTS

OF

OPERATIONS

RESEARCH

+

SOME PARTS

OF

SYSTEMS

ANALYSIS

+

AVOIDANCE

OF

LOGICAL

FALLACIES

PURPOSES:

to help you avoid pitfalls

to prevent mistakes before they happen

to display new paths around old obstacles

to point out new solutions to old problems

to stimulate your resourcefulness

to increase your accomplishments

to improve your capacities

to help you solve problems

to give you more tools to think with

REASONS TO BE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD OF

COMMON SENSE, WISDOM, AND GENERAL SCIENCE

Topic:

THE SYSTEMATIC

PREVENTION OF MISTAKES

Already Published

Preventing Mistakes from:

Failure to Understand

Forgetting

Unforeseen Hazards

Placidity

To Come

Preventing Mistakes from:

Bias

Camouflage

Interpretation

Distraction

Gullibility

Failure to Observe

Failurè to Inspect

Prejudice

Topic:

SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION

OF GENERAL CONCEPTS

Already Published

The Concept of:

Expert

Rationalizing

Feedback

Model

Black Box

Evolution

Niche

To Come

Strategy

Understanding

Teachable Moment

Indeterminacy

System

Operational Definition

+

COMPUTERS are important -

But the computer field is over 25 years old. Here is a new

field where you can get in on the ground floor to make

your mark.

MATHEMATICS is important -

But this field is more important than mathematics, because

common sense, wisdom, and general science have more

applications.

WISDOM is important -

• • (may be copied on any piece of paper)

To: Computers and Automation

This field can be reasonably called "the engineering of

wisdom".

815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160

COMMON SENSE is important -

( ) Yes, please enter my subscription to The Notebook on Common

This field includes the systematic study and development of

Sense, Elementary and Advanced at $12 a year (24 issues), plus

common sense.

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SCIENCE is important -

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This field includes what is common to all the sciences, what

( l Please send me as free premiums for subscribing:

is generally true and important in the sciences.

1. Right Answers - A Short Guide 80 Obtaining Them

'4. Strategy in Chess

MISTAKES are costly and to be AVOIDED -

This field includes the systematic study of the prevention of

: 2. The Empty Column

5. The Barrels and the Elephant

3. The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap

6. The Argument of the Beard

mistakes.

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---

## Page 205

13-00000

Cooperative Facilities to Obtain

the Advantages of Computers

Michael J. Cerullo

Asst. Professor of Accounting

State Univ. of New York at Albany

1400 Washington Ave.

Albany, N. Y. 12222

"Because of general dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients

planned to discontinue using service bureaus."

Computer Use

A recent study of 2,500 companies conducted by

the Research Institute of America, revealed that 55%

of the firms regularly use computers in conducting

their business.

Further breakdown of the study

shows that an average of 32% own or lease their own

computers, and 23% use an outside service bureau for

processing

data.l

While a majority of the companies surveyed do use

computers in some form, a significant 45%.of. the re-

spondents do not use any type of computerized data

processing service.

Those companies cited the fol-

lowing reasons for not using computers:2

Operation too small

Too costly

Looked into and tabled for the present

Present methods satisfactory

Plan to install a computer within a

year

Plan to begin using a service bureau

within a year

Other

Per Cent

50

35

31

21

8

Total (multiple answers)

13

166%

Service Bureau Use

In addition to the non-users, another recent

study revealed that most service bureau clients are

not effectively using their service bureau and, as

a result, are receiving few, if any, of the advan-

tages of electronic data processing (EDP).

or ese severed see de processients dege: Most

1. Receiving routine services which do not save

them money.

2. Not planning to expand into more sophisticated.

higher-payoff applications.

3. Not receiving indirect benefits and savings,

such as improved information for decision

making.

4. Not satisfied with current services.

The study also disclosed that because of the gen-

eral dissatisfaction,

30% of the surveyed service

bureau clients planned to discontinue using service

bureaus and purchase in-house computers. 4

Cooperative Service Bureaus

Both non-users and dissatisfied service bureau

clients,

therefore,

offer a ready market for a newer

approach to obtaining the advantages of EDP - the

formation of a cooperative service bureau.

A coop-

erative service bureau consists of several sponsor-

ing firms who jointly own a computer and share in

its operating costs at a much lower expense than in-

dividual ownership of a computer.

If carefully

planned before operations begin, a cooperative ser-

vice bureau will provide its sponsors with all the

advantages of EDP plus many other advantages unique

to jointly-shared facilities and personnel.

Among these additional advantages are:

1. The

sponsors would purchase a computer tai-

lored to their specific needs.

.. They would have exclusive use of the computer.

3. Their computer would be available for use at

any time.

4. They could share the costs of any computer

programs developed.

5. They could share the costs of any package of

canned computer programs purchased.

6. They would have available for their exclusive

use a staff of data

Щơaơ10/04149 911

a computer - at a fraction of the cost of

individual ownership.

Factors Insuring the Success of the Cooperative

the first step in forming a successful coopera-

¿ive service bureau is to enroll an appropriate num-

Ideally the cooperative should be

---

## Page 206

13-00000

Lack of Interest

Al the present time, widespread lack of interest

la jolning a cooperative is more of a problem to po-

organizers than too much demand.

The author

cossacied a number of public accounting firms about

the seasibility of forming cooperatives and found

Pass shree firms who had already made such an at-

snapl could not interest enough

firms to join. Their

conseals were:

- de tried to organize one several years ago;

the firms contacted were not interested.

- He would like to explore this possibility

bul we can't get anyone else interested.

- At present there appears, to be a tragic lack

Of Interest locally by other CPA firms.

Coquestionably,

one reason for the lack of inter-

est is a misunderstanding of the true nature of a

cooperative.

Interested companies must therefore be

prepared to sell the idea to others.

As more pub-

lished material becomes available in the field, this

problem

should be alleviated.

Confidential Information

A second major reason for lack of interest is

shas companies fear for the control and

security

of

sheir confidential or sensitive information.

Such a

concern is certainly legitimate and underscores the

need for a cooperative that is to be successful, to

derise an adequate system for quality control and

security.

A committee

responsible for such a system

should be established at the outset by the sponsor-

lag firms.

One of its duties should be to adequately safe-

records and documents against

fire, theft,

and other hazards and disasters.

Statistics compiled by the Safe Manufacturers Na-

Plonal Association show that about one-half of com-

panies whose important records and documents were

destroyed through some catastrophe never resumed

business or were permanently closed down within six

Bonths: an additional 13%

suffered serious economic

lapairment and were able to remain in business only

under severe operating handicaps.

the quality control and security committee must see

thar the cooperative service bureau maintains:

fireproof vaults

a method of reconstructing any destroyed

adequate insurance to cover loss

tant client records or documents

The committee must also take measures to prevent

another client's records - a not-unlikely occurrence

Preventing Disclosure

Finally, the committee should determine how to

prevent disclosure of confidential ipformation. For

trasple, no member of any sponsoring company should

De allowed in certain strategic parts of the com-

purer center. Likewise, each company's records

should be coded and the code number known only to

Asy computer center personnel. In cases requiring

m18088 securily, the actual processing of data

should be monitored by a key employee of the com-

purer center or possibly by a representative of a

disinterested third party, such as a firm of inde-

pendent public accountants.

Sharing of Expenses: Startup Costs

With an adequate number of sponsoring firms lined

up and a sound security system worked out, the third

necessity in establishing a successful cooperative

is to determine methods of sharing the expenses.

There are two categories of costs to consider:

l. Startup costs.

These include all costs incur-

red prior to the time that the cooperative commences

operations.

Startup costs are either directly

traceable to a particular firm or are joint or com-

mon to all firms.

An example of a direct cost would

be that of analyzing, modifying, and redesigning of

systems prior to conversion to the computer. An ex-

ample of a joint or common cost would be the cost of

computer housing, including air conditioning,

engi-

neering supervision, false floors, ducts and pipes,

tranformers or motor generators, cabling and wiring,

and overhead racks and supports.

Each sponsoring firm should pay for its own di-

rect costs.

Joint costs should be shared equally or

apportioned among the firms according to some equi-

table formula.

Operating Costs

2. Operating

costs.

These include the monthly

hardware and software costs to operate the coopera-

tive.

Hardware costs refer to the periodic rental

or purchase charge

for the computer

equipment. As a

minimum the computer equipment consists of an input

unit, a central

processing

and an output unit.

Software costs include personnel costs. programming

costs.

testing and debugging costs, magnetic tapes.

disc packs,

punched cards,

paper,

paper

tapes',

pair parts, power, telecommunication lines, and so

on.

Operating

that are directly traceable

should be paid by

the using firm.

Joint or common

costs can

be

shared equally or can be allocated to

each firm based on the number of transactions pro-

cessed or

the

actual computer processing time used

during the period.

In addition,

if so desired,

sponsor could be

required to pay a minimum or maxi-

mum monthly charge.

Management

Fourthly, the sponsöring companies should decide

how to manage the venture.

It is advisable to form

a committee to oversee the management and operation

of the cooperative.

A decision must be made whether

each member regardless of size should have one vote

or whether another basis of voting should be used.

This decision should assure participants that no one

firm will dominate or control the cooperative.

Common Line of Business

A factor not to be overlooked when forming a co-

operative, one which will avoid frustrations. com-

solved. Also computer programs developed or pack-

iged programs purchased can be shared by all spon-

sors with minimum modifications, thus resulting. in

considerable programming cost savings.

(please turni to page 13)

---

## Page 207

13-00000

Control in Time-Sharing Systems

Fermin Caro del Castillo

6043 Westridge Lane

Fort Worth, Texas 76116

"A time-sharing installation (like every computer environment) is exposed to the seven major

dangers: fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, equipment malfunctions, and human errors."

Introduction

This article has as its main objective to furnish

ind define some methods and provisions for control

and security in a computer time-sharing environment.

It is evident that computer time-sharing has be-

come very popular during recent years.

More and

more confidential information is being handled by

these systems, creating an urgent need for strong

measures of control and security.

Description of the System

The service provided by a single computer to many

telecommunications

terminals has been called "com-

puter time-sharing".

With this type of service each

user shares

simultaneously in the processing capa-

bilities of the central processor.

This new com-

puter facility makes this service available to small

companies and/or other users who have little need

for their own computer.

Computing services that may go under the heading

of time-sharing include:

Commercial

computing; text editing; databank

information retrieval services:

application

services such as colleges'

records, inventory

control, payrolls of small companies, and ac-

count receivables; administrative messages:

switching and collection services;

and more.

Among the great number of time-sharing users are

hospitals (Welch Hospital,

Europe,

one of the biggest in

has acquired the large

ICL 1904S

computer

with 7020 terminals), banks (Gosbank,

the national

bank of the

USSR,

has ordered two large-scale Honey-

well series 600 with 100 terminals),

schools and

colleges (British schools and colleges have started

using terminals),

airlines (Continental Airlines

uses the Sonic 360 reservation system with 550 on-

line terminals).

The growth in computer time-sharing has been phe-

nomenal in recent years in spite of a short business

recession between 1970 and 1972.

broker's dream in the '60s; many companies realized

is potential, entered the market, and failed be

ause of: one, strong competitive pressure, and two

because of the countless thefts and violations suf-

The highly competitive situation benefited

the user in regard to pricing, but the offsetting

consequence of lower profits caused a high casualty

rate among these companies. As a result,

of time-sharing firms dropped from 150 to 50 between

1969 and 1972.

A few

of the companies which survived and which

account for most of today's time-sharing business

are Rapidata Corporation, Teletype Corporation (a

subsidiary of ATGT), Tymeshare Incorporated (the

largest independent firm and second only in size 10

IBM and Honeywell time-sharing operations), and IBM

Jerry Dreyer, executive president of ADAPSO,

an

association of data processing service organizations

estimates that one time-sharing company out of three

was profitable in 1971,

two out of five in 1972,

and

probably three out of six in 1973.

Nowadays,

this

computer facility

is coming

back to its original

trend, and it is expected that the

number of com-

puters with terminals will grow

from 32% at the end

of 1971 to 45% at the end of 1975,

with the average

central processing unit driving 15 to 20 terminals.

One consultant, Creative Strategies of Palo Alto,

California, predicts that time-sharing

sales by 1976

will increase to 2 billion from 331 million last

year.

By 1975, says ADAPSO's Dreyer,

time-sharing

will account for 1/3 of the $4.5 billion computer

services

industry.

Technological Advances

Most important technological advances have been

achieved recently on on-line terminals linked to

central processors.

Some of the improvements made

include solid state keyboards,

which have greater

reliability and lower cost; visual display methods,

which incorporate more capacity,

economy,

and aes-

thetic appeal; non-impact printing techniques, which

provide faster,

quieter and more reliable opera-

tions; improved lower cost memories; more powerful

logic capability; and faster and more accurate

modern techniques

and improvements in central proc-

essor software.

This is only the beginning.

It is foreseen that

in the future the equipment itself will change in

nature and will probably not be recognizable as

terminals per se.

Rather,

terminals will be modu-

lar systems consisting of the

required input/out put

functions for specific jobs, built around basic con-

troller and communication interfaces: in many in-

stances, terminals will become special purpose de-

vices.

Hazards

A time-sharing installation, like every computer

environment, is exposed to the seven major dangers

of fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equip-

nent malfunctions, and human errors. Fire is con-

sidered to be the greatest threat to magnetic tapes.

Water does not constitute an important hazard to

magnetic tapes, but it does to computer installa-

---

## Page 208

13-00000

18000.

Thell.

fraud,

sabotage,

EDP equipment mal-

10011088.

and human errors are considered the most

e manoe dangeis.

De-lise terminals connected to central processors

tina rraore points are more exposed

to violations

one 1bel15.

The Increasing popularity of time-

marlos systems among large corporations and ser-

• 180

pureaus has given rise to even more potential

amarlly breaches.

Data transmitted over a com-

onelcardon line could be subject to wire tapping and

• euners of other hazards such as piggyback entry,

onerrhy the Intruder intercepts and compromises

amaication between a terminal and the processor

palle a legitimate user is inactive but still hold-

line open.

The intruder can even cancel

user's sign-off signal and continue operating

als namе..

A knowledgeable person could enter

changes from a terminal and play havoc with

180

1y8rrn.

Need for Protection

Due to the increasing popularity of computing

eerodres, the issue of control and security pro-

perilon has become more important.

18as line-sharing systems present few obstacles to

The security problem has been

sade much more critical by the growing number of

prople trained in computers and by the fading of the

sons of time-sharing systems has no more protection

telephone conversations or Morse-coded methods,

the technological skills necessary to inter-

computerized data are widespread.

companies are appointing security monitors from

ADl staffs to centralize security matters.

organizations such as the American Management

Assorsation and the Bank Administration Institute.

computer firms, and research firms such as Advance-

o coputer security overcrowded by data processing

asongers and security officers from business and

Computers have become an important source of in-

loraniton and.

as a result, the target of many at-

lords.

Some of the general information targets for

¡austrial espionage are sales and service informa-

market analysis strategies,

bid prices,

cor-

porare finance, stockholder information,

legal ne-

gorlarions, planned policy changes, expansion plans,

produce developments, personnel

Changes,

payroll

dora, general administrative matters; and the list

could be expanded even more.

Threats

The case of an 18 year-old Cincinnati youth who

died long distance telephone to tap the lines of a

Inc-sharing system firm in Louisville.

and extracred data from its ledgers,

Kentucky,

as well as rec-

ords of les customers, is representative of the type

of risk to which computer installations are exposed.

Aceldenis can have serious consequences such as

ler locident in which income tax return records for

lay were erased by energy emitted from the radar of

• Rearby airport in Austin, Texas.

Safeguards

Il do important to consider that too much control

ed 100 many security safeguards can become bother-

toms and costly.

The measures to protect data from

annuthorized access vary from one system to another.

becording to Richard F. Cross, Security Office for

Ine Rank of Win York. securitu sustems should in-

clude each of the following segments: physical se-

curity; personnel security; procedural security;

audit control; insurance; and any needed interfacing.

The quality and level of protection required de-

pends on the sensitivity of the data handled.

Never-

theless, control and security in a time-sharing en-

vironment should encompass the whole system, since

it is well known that even the strongest control

measures can be violated at the weakest point.

These

measures should be taken in the central processing

unit, software, personnel, communication lines, the

terminal, and its users.

Methods and Provisions -

Central Processing Unit

The central processor is threatened mostly by

sabotage, fire, water, theft, EDP equipment mal-

functions, human accidental errors and environmen-

tal problems.

The computer center of any company is the heart

of the organization, and protection of the equip-

ment against these threats can be provided by a

carefully planned computer room.

dent of Data Processing Security, Inc., recommends

that the computer center be located out of the main

It must be fireproof, dustfree, and

waterproof and provided with temperature and humid-

ity control and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

Water lines should not run through the computer

A separate,

fireproof storage area should be

provided for data files.

It should also have alarm devices

to magnetism, humidity, heat, pressure.

dust, theft, power blackout, etc. There should be

strong access control including armed guards

fenced areas, TV monitors, personnel identification

(visual, voice print, fingerprint,

etc.), well-performed maintenance service, and a

number of extra provisions for protection.

Data Processing Security, Inc. has developed, for

high security necessities, an electronically oper-

ated double door entry system for access control in-

to the computer room.

When a person enters the buf-

fer zone, the door locks behind him while he is sub-

jected to electronic search.

If something is de-

tected, the system freezes and automatically alerts

the security guard.

The second door can be opened

only with a special badge key.

A carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishing system,

one installed at the Chase Manhattan

Bank's New York City headquarters, has proved use-

Engineered by Walter Kidde & Co.,

a battery of remotely located cylinders

containing the liquid gas.

When activated by smoke

the gas discharges and builds up an in-

ext atmosphere in the immediately surrounding area,

extinguishing the fire without damaging equipment or

Employees can go back to work within

five minutes after the fire has been put out and the

ventilation systems restarted.

Another fire-fighting system which has been de-

veloped by the Ansul Company uses Halon extinguish-

ing agents which are discharged in the form of a

humiditv fluctuations and causes a monilorinu and

---

## Page 209

13-00000

reporting device to alert four pre-selected

phone

numbers for help.

Software

Protection of data files, whether in the form of

punch cards,

magnetic tapes,

or discs, is the key

element in any computer facility.

Some specific examples of software security

con-

trol measures are audit trails, access regulations,

strong supervision of computer

operators,

the use

and control of programs utilizing

program documen-

tation methods,

the use of a log for all significant

events (such as user identification,

file use and

attempts of unauthorized use), regulations

to pre-

vent unauthorized personnel from browsing

through

the files, and the use of a semi-automatic data in-

ventory control system.

Personnel

Physical control as to who is allowed near the

computer and the files is advisable.

does not mean

"employees only"; it implies a careful

screening of employees, repairmen,

and visitors to

determine which of them should be allowed this prox-

imity

Intimately involved with time-

sharing installations are three types of personnel:

operators, programmers, and maintenance engineers.

According to Dennis Van Tassel,

mathematician and

head programmer at San Jose State College,

all oper-

ators

must understand that there exists a protection

philosophy:

If personnel are expected to help en-

force and to comply with this protection

philosophy,

it

must be clearly defined and specified.

It is advisable to use the following provisions

for personnel control:

control of logs and monitor,

division of responsibilities,

rotation of duties,

adequate supervision to reduce the risk of losses

caused by accident

or error,

careful handling

of

data files,

cleanliness regulations,

control access

to private

files, and appropriate instruction in

case of disasters.

Terminals

Some of the most common pitfalls encountered

when using

terminals are frequent communication in-

terruptions, risk of communication interception,

difficult access control, and noisy lines.

Among the greatest disadvantages of time-sharing

those in connection with the communi-

cation lines which link the terminals to the central

Telephone lines are designed for

communication rather than data communication,

and the results have been that such lines are too

and have too many interruptions for appropri-

ate handling of data communication.

There have been some recent developments in the

improvement of data transmissions.

developed its Digital Data Service (DDS), a data

transmission system which

has been introduced early

this year in five cities (New York, Boston, Phila-

delphia, Washington, and Chicago); and, by the end

of 1974, twenty-four cities are expected 10 have it.

Bell further plans to provide continuous monitoring

of their DDS channels.

When errors of transmission

are detected, DDS will notify the customer.

sion on retransmission will be the customer's re-

Another development in data communi-

cation is DUV (data under voice). By late 1973 this

technique will be in service between New York and

Chicago; consequently, communication problems should

become virtually nonexistent within the near future.

and this system will become even more popular.

Telephone lines are vulnerable to three types of

security problems: wire tapping, piggyback, and

user's sign-off signal cancellation.

These common

threats may be avoided by the use of a privacy

transformation method (also called scramblers or

cryptographic techniques). This is a non-singular

(reversible) operation which conceals the original

message either by the substitution of new characters.

rearrangement of the characters, or by the adding of

strings of digits to the original message.

Some new techniques for encrypting data have

evolved, such as high speed transmission and signal

scrambling.

In spite of all of these new tech-

niques, it is still possible to intercept and tap

the information. According to Tuckerman, unauthor-

ized users (intruders) who possess only limited ma-

terial and information with which to work, can read-

ily extract the original text of enciphered mes-

sages by making use of the speed, capacity, and

computational abilities of the computer.

The greater the efficiency of the privacy trans.

formation, the more difficult it becomes for unauth-

orized copying of files.

Access Control

Access to the system throughout the communication

lines should be controlled by the central processing

unit and by the user's own procedures.

This is pos-

sible by cryptographic and scramble techniques, per-

sonnel regulations,

user identification,

appropriate

terminal location, or by ciphering and deciphering

farawale.

Computer software packages have been written to

cipher data transmissions.

Ciphering software is

an attractive technique because it can be done auto-

matically by the program which creates the data and

at a very low cost.

Only programs using the match-

ing deciphering technique are able to use this data.

These special hardware cipher devices can be located

at the terminal and at

the computer to protect

transmitted data.

Scramblers or voice privacy devices are currently

being used by people who readily acknowledge the in-

security of transmitted information.

Scramblers are

used by

large corporations such as the oil industry

as well as by union representatives during contract

negotiation time.

(Scramble phones are currently a

20 to 30 million-dollar business, excluding law en-

forcement and military purchases).

Scramble devices

are now being built for time-sharing operations.

These devices offer protection similar to encryption.

Scramblers convert data into something resembling

channel noise or a malfunctioning circuit.

Other features for terminals, include print in-

hibit, security keylock, operator identification

card reader, and the use of a terminal identifier.

With print inhibit the terminal operator can enter

data, such as security passwords, without its being

A physical keylock can be at-

tached to the terminal which will not aldow the

entry of data.

The operator identification card

reader reads magnetically encoded information on a

magnetic strip card. The card can be used to supply

the user's password and/or name.

Direct access device security features include

file mask,

volume detection, and write-exhibit

switch.

The file mask controls or allows read-only

---

## Page 210

13-00000

ei read-arile access to data sets.

The volume de-

los soon salich alerts the control program when the

•.lonn do Increased; this protects data from being

1urrra upon.

This switch provides additional pro-

milon for read-only volumes.

Insurance

Is dors security measures fail, the use of EDP

spearance can back-up of soften the blow.

Every

dudleras of person who now has an in-house computer,

suerades or is a user of a service bureau, or trans-

dara 10 a data center should be computer-secur-

111 conscious.

Insurance is one of the back-up

is prevention fails.

However,

not all

hoolaras con afford or even

need an elaborate and

comrassre security system; thus, evaluation of the

intoppalion becomes necessary to determine those

aressons of the system which require this protection.

Top subject matter of ordinary

do physical damage to tangible property.

softnare and data are not covered.

resorruption insurance protects you in the event of

lorr or other interruptions to normal business but

sors nol cover the consequences.

goderdis which also insure other heating mishaps do

sos cover computer operations.

siphonesty are also insured in terms of general

Valuable papers and records' coverage pro-

asses protection in the event of destruction of such

Israngibles as notes and account receivable records

Bal does not include such computer media as valuable

Public liability insures the company

188 acts or omission of acts which give rise to

slalas by outsiders against the company.

Insurance can prevent an unfortunate event from

scouing a catastrophe.

When a person

assance policy,

buys

an in-

he knows that he will be indemnified

dl a loss does occur.

Sose of the insurance companies which write EDP

foldedes are the Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insur-

pace Co..

Insurance Company

of North America,

The

Moor Insurance Co., and Royal Assurance of America.

Insurance premiums generally correspond to the

erpular fire policy rates plus

an added loading fac-

8or for the additional EDP perils.

ladoubledly any computer installation, regardless

al She quality and level of its security system,

connur approach the state of no risk of

loss.

Se-

sardly Is based on a

"cost-benefit" concept; in

nords the cost of violating the system should

on grasser than the gain derived therefrom.

"Al! Abour Time-Sharing Services."

Data Processing

"The Terminal that Thinks for

Computer Decisions.

Запиаку, 1973.

Peter: vol. 18. No.

"Software Security."

Data Proces-

"Privacy and Protection in Op-

'raring Systems." Computer.

Раплагу, 1973

Де8,. к. Іґуп.

"How Safe is Your System?"

Vol. 18, No.

1, 1972.

For sirdiest. "Computers and " Cryptology."

No: 15: K. 1o. b on.

"Unordoprints in Data Transmission." EDP Analyzer.

March, 1973.

Dickey, C. Lewis. "Securing the Computer." Journal of

Systems Management.

Vol. 23. No. 2, February, 1972.

"Distributed Intelligence in Data Comnunication."

EDP Analyzer.

Vol. Il, No. 2, February, 1973.

"The Emerging Computer Networks.

EDP Analyzer.

Vol. 11, No. L, January, 1973.

Girsdansky, M. B.

"Cryptology, the Computer, and

Data Privacy."

Computers and Automation.

21, No. 4, April,

1972

Vol.

Goldstein, Seth.

Dun's.

"A New Life for Time-Sharing."

Vol. 101, No. 1, January, 1973.

"A Simple Terminal Language for a

Koehn, Hank E.

"Are Companies Bugged about Bugging?"

ournal of systems Management

Vol. 24, No. 1,

anuary, 197

Murphey, Wayne E. and Daniel V. Olson.

"Controlling

Access to Large Tape Files."

Data Processin

Magazine.

Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring, 1972.

Sal zman,

Roy M. and Arthur D. Little.

"An Outlook

for the Terminal Industry

in the United States."

Data Processing Digest.

Vol. 18, No. l, January,

"Security in Data Processing." Data Processor.

I L Telepeore service: The Rules of the

Auto hin the Can 21s Cha i2, De moor ere and

"Toward Distributed Computing."

Van tassel, Dennis.

mputer securaty managemel

Englewood Cliffs Special EDP Insurance: Who Needs

Spring, 1972

Data Processing Magazine. Vol. 14, No. }

Cerullo - Continued from page 9

Procedure for Withdrawal

Sixth, a procedure should be established for

withdrawal from

the cooperative.

If the withdraw-

ing firm has not been a member for a predetermined

time,

perhaps one or two years, a sliding scale

penalty fee for withdrawal should be established.

Procedure for Admission

Finally,

procedures must be determined to govern

the admission of new members into the cooperative.

Perhaps a unanimous

affirmative vote by

current mem-

bers should be required to. admit a new member.

The

current members should also decide if a newly admit-

ted member should be required to pay a predetermined

portion of the cooperative's startup

costs and if

the cooperative should limit membership to firms of

the same approximate size as current members.

Conclusion

With due care taken in following the above steps,

establishing a successful cooperative service bureau

should be relatively easy.

Companies would be well

advised to consider the idea seriously, for cooper-

ative service bureaus offer a viable and in many ways su-

perior alternative to the more costly inhouse computer

and the less satisfactory outside service bureau.

Foothores

5. ADARS® Eighth Management Symposium.

"How to Op-

erate a Service Bureau for Profits." 1963, p. 19.

---

## Page 211

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Alienation and the Systems Analyst

Alan E. Brill

Supervising Systems Analyst

The Chase Manhattan Bank N.A.

New York, N.Y. 10005

"Systems analysts... must be seen as full-fledged members of the firm."

A Wall of Managerial Attitudes

In most large organizations,

the systems and data

processing departments are separated from the rest

of the firm by a wall of managerial attitudes.

While

employees in most jobs are encouraged to gain a wide

variety of experience in various departments as they

rise through various management levels,

it is rare

that a systems analyst or a programmer is given an

equal opportunity.

The general attitude is "He's a

computer man, not a manager (or a businessman,

or a

banker).

He wouldn't fit in.

Besides,

he's doing a

good job where he is."

As a result,

the analyst has exactly no motiva-

tion to think of himself as an insurance man or a

businessman,

or a banker,

or an accountant.

He is

made to feel like a consultant.

He can serve the

organization,

but he isn't free to move within it.

To make matters worse, some firms rotate the people

in

their management development programs through a

stint in the systems depariment.

Il is little won-

der that there is a high turnover in systems ana-

lysts.

The company does very little to make him

feel like a member of the family.

Potential Source of Talent

ut beyond the problems brought about by the per

sonnel turbulence, the firm is ignoring a potentia

source of fine managerial talent. Many analysts

joining major corporations hold degrees as Master.

Business Administration.

Their educational back-

grounds, when combined with their ability to objec-

tively define problems and see solutions, and the

detailed working knowledge of the company gained in

the system design process, should put them in the

management spotlight.

Instead, the system analyst

finds that he has

been given the indelible label of

"computer person" and that his upward mobility is

•limited to the systems department.

As a result,

systems analysts leave the firm, and often leave the

systems profession.

If companies hope to attract and hold talented

personnel for their systems activities, they need

to offer them an equal chance to develop

to their

full potential.

They must be seen as full-fledged

members of the firm - not as consultants who are

here today, but who could move on

tomorrow.

Experience in Systerns

As businesses come more and more to depend upon

data processing to support their operations.

it

will be desirable for a significant number of man-

agement team members to have experience in systems.

Yet. by

their actions.

managements have forced many

talented people to avoid beginning their careers in

data processing for fear of becoming stereotyped.

So it would seem that a number of the problems

that businesses face in their systems activities are

a result of a regrettable but widespread management

attitude.

Only when systems analysts are regarded as having

a potential for advancement to positions in general

management, and are given an equal chance to rise in

the organization, will the systems man lose his al-

jenation and see himself as a member of the company

team.

---

## Page 212

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Strategy and Action on World Trade

James H. Binger, Chairman

Honeywell Inc.

2701 Fourth Ave. S.

Minneapolis, Minn. 55408

What we (the United States) have is a little corner of the world, and we must find i

vay to live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of whom are every bit as

good as we are at almost everything we do."

The theme of my remarks is the intensifying con-

191710110 0107019

that influence our

well-being here in the United States

particularly

the threat

of another unfortunate experience with

protectionism.

I am well aware that I cannot go deeply into this

subject in a short space.

This I know because I was

privileged to serve

on the President's Commission on

International Trade and Investment Policy.

For over

a year we studied every

way in

which this and other

countries are affected by international trade and

investment

policies.

Protectionist Attitude

•Let there be no doubt where I stand on the prin-

cipal issue.

I believe that the threat of the protec-

rionist attitude in America is far more

than an is-

sue involving business and jobs.

I sincerely be-

lieve that this issue embraces many powerful forces

that will have an important bearing

on whether or

not all the peoples of the world make the most of

their opportunities in the years to come.

I recognize that there are strong and honest dif-

ferences of opinion on the proper direction of our

nation's foreign trade policies.

There are many

persons and suppliers who have been adversely af-

lected by foreign competition.

It would be unreal-

istic not to acknowledge this fact of life.

Complexity

These differences of opinion, and these disloca-

¿ions of people's lives, point up the complexities

of the problem. Who among us can honestly say he

understands all of the ramifications involved in the

balance of trade? Where is there an unchallenged

expert on monetary policy? What type of restraints,

if any, could or should be made on the world-wide

transfer of technology?

What is the proper level

I cast-lest trade relations, and are the national

efense implications of yesterday still appropriat

Boxed on a calk before the Board of Governors of the Electronic Indus

tries Association, Phoenix, Ariz., January, 1973.

party sroud the un end ate over to ben upe

funds that foreign countries are investing in their

industry?

Can we preserve the rise in productivity

that underlies the American miracle

— which is the

production of goods at low

cost while wages, taxes

and dividends all rise steadily?

These are just some of the questions which must

be asked in the discussion now developing, particu-

larly in

the halls of Congress,

but also at various

other governmental and community. levels.

Facing these and still other complexities, we

know that Congressional hearings soon to begin

could result in new laws and regulations which

could be detrimental.

Action

Because this is so, it will not do for anyone

with a qualified viewpoint backed by

experience, to

be simply an observer.

I am convinced that this

present controversy can be resolved positively, but

it will require action.

What kind of action will be most effective?

the

kind of

action

which is in the public interest?

not special pleadings based on the experience of a

single company,

or a single industry, or even a

single community.

of course, important to gather this sup-

porting information and be aware

that bear on our needs,

our experience and the op-

tions that governments can take to effect them. But

going beyond this,

we must be prepared to discuss

with everyone who will exert influence on our elected

lawnakers the more important

chese statistics and contentions mean to me

The Concerns of U.S. Citizens

The concerns of the great body

of United States

citizens are how to assure and enhance their jobs

and living conditions and be involved in what was

pines unashamedly described as "the pursuit of hap-

---

## Page 213

13-00000

Let's look at just one major concern: about 1.3

million new American families are formed every year.

Approximately eight

million people change their jobs

every year.

About 3.7 million people join the labor

force and 2.1 million leave it.

By

1980 full em-

ployment in the United States will require jobs for

100 million people, 18 million more than were em-

ployed at the end of 1972.

These, quite clearly,

are

the priority considerations in the minds of mil-

lions who do not clearly understand how the enter-

prise system meets their needs.

If they

and the representatives of large numbers

of voters do not understand, how can we expect their

support?

I would like to review the arguments for their

support in as familiar terms'as I can muster.

The Days of U.S. Preeminence are Gone

First, let's examine one portion of the real

economic world we inhabit.

Of primary importance is the fact that the days

of almost total U.S. preeminence since the close of

World War II are gone.

We must learn to live and work in a world where

forevermore we will be dependent on other portions

of the globe for some of our more

some portions will be dependent on us.

not self-sufficient in materials.

corner on the world's technology,

the world's inno-

world's production know-how.

have is a lit-

tle corner of the world,

and we must find a way to

live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of

bit as good as we are

I hesitate,

somewhat,

to use the energy crisis as

an example of this dependency,

because I

recognize

that

there are those who

question whether the crisis

really exists,

or who maintain that

new technology

will solve

stage.

the problem before it reaches crisis

I can say at this point

that there is an

energy shortage, if not a crisis;

for example,

the

fuel

oil allotment for our Minneapolis operations

has been cut by 25 per cent for January and February,

and similar cutbacks have been imposed on other com-

panies, our schools, our common carriers.

Let's look at the dependency which is developing

in the oil industry.

In the past,

the repatriated

earnings of oil companies have exceeded the value of

imported oil and were a favorable factor in our in-

ternational balance of payments.

By

1985, however,

our needs for oil and natural gas could create for

us a trade deficit approaching twenty billion dol-

lars a year.

As no doubt you know, we currently import 10 to

15 per cent of both crude oil and copper,

cent of our iron ore, and more than 80 per cent of

our bauxite needs. •We must import all or most of

our tin, natural rubber, nickel and chrome.

We cannot go it alone. We must trade with the

— and to trade, you give something to get

something, with the hope that both traders get what

they want and need.

Unfortunately, we have not yet

been able to fully realize this goal, and much of

the controversy over this nation's foreign-trade

policies revolves around the best way to achieve it.

There is a strong and vocal body of opinion whic

elieves that protectionist measures wil

achieve

what is best for American workers and companies in

the arena of world trade.

One of their principal

targets are companies like Honeywell

— multina-

tional companies with substantial investments, em-

ployees

and sales outside the United States.

'Exporting Jobs"?

It is claimed that U.S.

multinational corpora-

tions are

"exporting jobs"

overseas; that u.s.

com-

panies invest overseas to take advantage of lower

wages: that imports from the overseas subsidiaries

of U.S.

companies cause unemployment here at home;

that if U.S.

companies were prevented from investing

and manufacturing abroad these companies would be

forced to expand their operations in the United

States, creating more jobs here: that multinational

companies invest abroad in order to avoid paying

taxes;

that American corporations are exporting U.S.

technology and

therefore are helping non-u.s.

com-

panies compete in our own and other countries.

The Burke-Hartke bill has been proposed as the

solution to these problems; and protectionist senti-

ment also underlies other proposals which may emerge

for the consideration of Congress.

At this point,

there may be those who will accuse

me of making a tactical blunder by even mentioning

the allegations of our critics.

But I'll go

one

step further.

If someone could prove to me

that

these allegations

are factual,

I'd be

one of the

major supporters of moves to inhibit the growth of

multinational companies.

The Opposite is True: Making Jobs

Thanks to various companies, government agencies

and trade associations who have accumulated the

facts and

published them, I know otherwise.

I am

convinced,

thanks to these studies, and my

experience with Honeywell, that multinational com-

panies do not export jobs, but create jobs in the

United States faster

than other u.s.

companies.

am convinced that U.S. companies invest abroad to

gain participation in markets in other countries.

not

to take advantage of lower wages or so-called

tax loopholes.

I am convinced

by

these studies that

imports from the overseas subsidiaries of U.S.

panies have not been a major factor in U.S. unem-

To be more specific. I'd like to give you some

information taken from a survey conducted by

Committee on American Trade, of which I

am a member.

This committee researched the domestic

and international operations of

representing a broad group of large multinational

This survey reveals that in the

years between 1960 and 1970, when these companies

billion. In the all-important balance of payments

category, they increased their net surplus of ex-

ports over imports from $3.2 billion to $6.6 billion

— more than doubled.

---

## Page 214

13-00000

International Investment Activities

of Multinational Companies

These figures, and other results of the survey,

lead to one major conclusion:

That the interna-

tional investment activities of these representative

multinational companies played an important role in

their rapid export growth and consequently made a

major positive contribution to their domestic

- and

I emphasize the word domestic - sales, investment

and employment growth.

Double Taxation

I have tried to speak in familiar language; so I

have some misgivings about discussing the issue of

But

the tax issue

is an important

one,

and

I'd like to cover some specific areas which are com-

ing more and more into public discussion.

ft issue is the section of U.S. tax law which al-

LowS American corporations a tax credit for the in-

come taxes they pay to foreign countries on income

earned in such

countries.

The purpose of this tax

credit is to avoid taxing the foreign

U.S.

earnings of

corporations twice

- once in a foreign

and again when

country

the earnings are remitted to the

United States.

Opponents of this tax credit argue that since do-

mestic firms are not allowed a federal tax credit

for the state taxes

they

pay,

the current method of

taxing income from foreign sources is inconsistent

with the way domestic income is taxed.

Taxation by U.S. States

A major fallacy

in this argument is that it is

based on the incorrect assumption that the taxation

of domestic income by city,

state and the federal

government is analogous

to the United

States taxing

the foreign earnings of American subsidiaries which

have already been taxed by the

host country.

The proper analogy is between the way

states

treat

corporate income earned in two or more states

and the way

the U.s.

government treats income earned

in two or more countries.

Every

state which has a

state income tax provides a method of allocating the

Income of a multi-state company among the various

states in order to avoid duplicate taxation of the

same income.

AS

a matter of fact,

the constitution

requires this.

Thus the current methods of

taxing

foreign and domestic income are consistent.

where one domestic corporation in the

United States has an ownership position in another

the federal income tax law

properly prevents duplication of corporate

The earent company is taxed on earnings

distributed as a dividend

Burke-Hartke proposal that earnings of an overseas

- in most cases earnings already taxed

in the foreign country at rates comparable to or

should be immediately re-

taxed at full U.S. income tax rates?

International Competition by

American Industry

Another fundamental element of the issue is the

tax credit's relationship to the ability of American

industry to compete internationally.

According to a

recent survey by the National Association of Manufac-

turers, if the United States were to repeal the tax

credit for foreign taxes paid and tax all foreign

subsidiary income before

is paid out in dividends

to the parent company, U.S.

firms with foreign oper-

ations would be forced to pay an average effective

tax on their foreign earnings of over

iO per cent.

Given this added tax handicap.

few American firms

could continue to compete with foreign-controlled

companies for world markets.

You can appreciate how useful it is to have these

facts for presentation where contradictory allega-

tions are being made. Let's keep the record straight!

Also useful to the undertaking on which we must

all embark is the factual story of what imports and

exports do, beneficially to greate jobs.

Imports Produce One Million U.S. Jobs

Labor Department figures document the finding

that one million jobs in the United States are de-

pendent on imports - jobs for food processors, ship

and dock workers, truck drivers and railroaders,

warehouse employees and retail clerks.

And it's

equally impressive to corsider that every billion

dollars worth of exports creates 60-t0-80,000 jobs

in the United States.

As we assess the situation, let us not forget the

dilemma our government faced in August 1971.

As

MI.

Peter Peterson wrote,

the New Economic Policy

announced that month was not,

and I quote,

"a one-

shot reaction to a one-time crisis.

It marked the

beginning

of a new era of more flexible.

enduring,

and viable economic relationships among nations.

The

years behind us were by and large an era of success.

but an era based upon a system which had become

ou!-

grown, outworn - and increasingly crisis-prone."

Tariffs and Free Trade

Mr. Peterson was referring to the tremendous in-

pact that international trade and monetary

factors

were having

on our people.

We have since come to

learn the difficulty of achieving universally ap-

proved corrective action.

And now we must reckon

with

this

reality: U.S. negotiators are preparing

to enter economic talks next fall that could shape

future international relationships for many jears to

come.

Our government can and should strive in these

talks to put an end to present attitudes and trends

that point ominously to another "balkanization" of

world trade.

It can and should seek agreement to reduce.

and

if possible end,

all tariffs on industrial trade by

the end of this century.

It can and should try to create far freer trade

conditions for farm products.

It can and should seek the harmonization among

nations of the present hodgepodge of non-tariff

trade barriers and preferences.

But these objectives will remain forlorn hopes

unless our negotiators can go into these hard bar-

gaining sessions with the clear backing of the Amer-

ican people and their Congress. He must give them

that.

Spurring Internal Transition 10

Successful Competitive Enterprise

Meanwhile,

we face and must do something about

the undeniable tolls and grievances resulting from

(please turn, to page 23)

---

## Page 215

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Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation

Grace C. Hertlein

California State University-Chico

Chico, Calif. 95926

"Computer arts are still in the highly experimental stage of emergence."

In present computer art,

the naive onlooker could

readily misconstrue that mathematical processing of

data and manipulation of design represent

the total

modus operandi of this new form, rather than just

the initial phases of exploration.

A review of the

varied computer arts reveals diverse input of pat-

terns and subsequent manipulation or transformation.

creating a series of new,

perceptual audio or visual

images.

There appears a similarity of approaches

and some variation of the techniques utilized by

practitioners of the cybernetic arts:

graphics,

sculpture,

film, dance.

music, textile design, weav-

ing, poetry, and architecture.

• There is a tendency to forget that

the computer

arts are still in the highly experimental stages of

emergence, and although some attractive and very

pleasing works have been accomplished, this new me-

dium has generally not progressed much beyond its

mathematical and scientific origins.

viewing

or hearing tee outpuor of the computers arts.

one would relegate the resultant art form to the

category of interesting sound or visual patterns,

experimental/initial exercises, or mathematical and

scientific visualization,

rather than as works of

art per se.

(This latter statement is equally true

of contemporary manual experimental art.)

There is,

at the present time, a tendency for the computer

arts to relate to an elite coterie, made up of

scientists and intellectuals, rather than the public

at

large.

However, as this new art medium is given

greater space in the mass media.

this audience

should enlarge greatly, as exposure acquaints the

general audience with the pozential of this new art

Pattern Manipulation

Manipulation of design by the computer may be de-

liberate, (or at times highly experimental) as

change or

transformation of the original pattern is

achieved via a host of techniques developed within

the past twelve years.

nowever.

in attempting to

see precedent in manipulation of design.

one ob-

serves ample evidence of a growing interest by ar-

tists and critics in combining (manually) mathemat-

ics and art.

Since the turn of the century, such

techniques and philosophy

have been practiced and

even more verbally expressed by electronic and con-

crete musicians.

Further, the

concept of pattern

manipulation is as old as man's art,

and one finds

ample evidence of this concept throughout art his-

tory.

A few such examples are: Offset X/Y patterns

in Persian sculptural reliefs; repetitions of design

in serial imagery from early Greek vases;

reversaes

of pattern in the compositions of Bach; mirror im-

ages and mathematical progressions of design in the

Foundation Course exercises of the Bauhaus School:

juxtaposition and superposition of musical patterns

throughout musical history; and randomization of

musical variations via throwing of dice.

as prac-

ticed by Mozart.

The world was quite ready philo-

sophically and mathematically for further explora-

tions in such transformation of pattern.

yet it was

not until the speed of the computer afforded this

electronic manipulation,

that it became feasible to

such a degree.

(Alteration, change, and transforma-

tion of pattern is revealed in other technological

systems that may or may not use the computer as an aid in

creation: synthesized video, sound, and the film.) In

other words, science and technology now afford fur-

ther exploration of ideas and techniques that have

been practiced by experimental artists for years.

The philosophy and practice of twentieth century

music shows a very great similarity between the ma-

This article is reprinted by permission from the Proceedings of the

Invitational International Exhibit of Computer Arts, T-5, Zagreb.

Yugostavia, June-July 1973. Grace C. Hertlein is Assistant Professor

n the Computer Science Department at California State University

"nico, Chico, Calit, 95926. Her computer art has been published fo

many years in Computers and Automation and currently some of

her computer art is being exhibited at an art exhibition in Bordeaux,

France.

---

## Page 216

13-00000

The 'compister artist is manipulating patterns.

be-

cause this is an inherent potential of the computer

medium.

The manual artist (or scholar), by con-

trast, is bound to laborious manual processing of

data and pattern, and thus generally discovers to a

lesser degree,

further sources of innovative and

perceptual

changes,

i.e..

manipulation as practiced

in the computer arts is not feasible manually. When

perceptual

change is accomplished manually (many of

the works in Graphis afford excellent examples),

such change is not only excessively time-consuming,

but represents a manual tour de force.

It could be

more readily accomplished via the computer.

The manual artist is generally not concerned with

perceptual change or alteration of the original im-

age.

On the other hand,

since the computer readily

affords such changes,

the cybernetic artist may

literally

exploit component designs,

taking

them

through what may appear to be unlimited design

changes.

The more abstract the component design,

the

more readily it lends itself to mathematical

variation and processing,

termed design state

variation.

Design State Variation

devised by the writer, adapted

"state" variations used in printmaking,

in which one may revise a plate or stone,

ter it by additions and/or changes of pattern, re-

known variations of pattern that are possible, which

be used as sub-routines or stored

puter library and merely called by the user, who de-

fines the values of the given parameters of the spe-

cific algorithms being utilized.

provocative concepts emerging in computer art is

to literally predict innumerable de-

sign state variations, in which a basal component

will be visually or auditorially pleasing.

ist may use only those design states that reflect

personal expression of design.

design state variations to the many kinds of chisels

use in execution of a work of art,

each giving unique effects.)

Further, this library

of manipulative design state variations is constantly

being enlarged by experimenters in the computer

A brief listing follows:

Offsets of pattern on the X. Y. X/Y (pro-

gressions in music)

or reversals on the X. Y, X/Y

Scalar variations or duration of pattern in

Rotation, in open or closed forms

Irregular radiation of images and forms with

Redundant serial imagery in closed form

Polygon serial imagery, with circular, square,

or varied final form

Positive and negative variations of repeated

or design-related patterns

Disintegrating variants of images and sounds

in redundant or transform pattern

Metamorphic variations of images or sounds

in predetermined sequences

Transformations of pattern, in which one de-

Alterations of design by mathematical algor-

Pseudo-randomizations of patterns with artist-

Overlays of images and sounds in dimensional

Combinations of related patterns, using any of

Multi-media combinations, using any of the

Prior to design state variation, the artistic

idea is stated in coherent,

sequential steps. It

may

be flow-charted before translation into a computer

program.

Thus the art idea is transformed into ana-

lyzed data, using synthetic machine languages, and

is then subject to processing and manipulation via

the computer using design state variations,

reveal-

ing innumerable new, final works.

Examples include:

The warp and weft patterns in weaving

Classical ballet positions, with designations

of the head, arms, and feet

Structural modules in sculpture and archi-

Derivations of design from art or musical

history.

including the archaic, the classi-

cal, or the contemporary

Formulae and transformations from science or

mathematics

Stylistic analysis of a given artist's style,

with designation and statement of a speci-

fic set of definitions describing the style

Artistic composition of a given musical era,

with parameters of such rules

Thus the art idea is initially expressed in the

manner of science, but it does not end there.

choice of the art idea or problem should express the

personal philosophy of the originator, whether it is

mathematical formulae, natural derivations from the

environment, or analyses of prior styles of artists.

The personal focus of the original idea,

variation and execution cannot be too strongly

The design state variations allow the

artist to choose the given direction of psychic ex-

selection of specific computer

systems and art materials affords a highly individ-

ual element within cybernetic creation.

the varying techniques of execution,

preplanned or participant,

opportunity to spontaneously participate within the

formation of the work of art, or to maximize the ca-

computer in artistic execution,

ing preplanned or heuristic modes.

Diverse Philosophies of Computer Art

Stylistic analysis and

resultant design deriva-

tion are highly visible in the computer arts and

possess decided benefits: these techniques allow one

to analyze more thoroughly the subject under study,

and in addition, they allow the artist to gain per-

ceptual variations and permutations of the original

source not obtainable by manual methods.

(The writer

and many others have often found these newdepartures

from the design source to be as or more aesthetic

than the original input source.)

There is, however,

a great tendency among humanists to concern them-

selves with past styles and subject matter, as being

more "pure"

aesthetically than the present.

On the

other hand, there is an equal tendency among scien-

tists to exploit mathematical manipulation, disre-

gard art totally, and to have the computer and its

peripheral devices accomplish the work of art, with-

out intervention by man. Here one finds two ex-

level of computer usage. in a statement of artistic

unity. However, one is conscious of new visions

emerging throughout history, which are subsequently

categorized and "cast in bronze," as "the way." Com-

puter art appears to be no exception to this great

(please surn 80 page 311

---

## Page 217

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Computers in Science Fiction - Il

Marcia Ascher

Professor of Mathematics

Ithaca College

Ithaca, N.Y. 14850

"In science fiction writing, non-specialists attempt to involve other non-specialists in

the human questions arising from computer use."

In "The Computer and the Poet," Norman Cousins

emphasizes that the role of poets,

"those who have

respect for and speak to the human spirit, becomes

even more important as computer usage increases (32).

Science fiction writers should indeed be included as

poets

in our

technological age.

All too often in

our society,

problems arising from technology are

left to technologists because others are too unsure

of their own knowledge to question or criticize.

The

science fiction writings directly involving comput-

ers are one of the few places where

non-specialists

attempt to involve other non-specialists in the

human questions arising

from computer use.

Perhaps the most recurrent science fiction theme

is the difference between computers and man.

raise the question of the proper role for machines

versus the proper role for humans or emphasize the

aspects that make man unique.

In one story

"Someday") children in a society where reading and

writing are no longer needed

form a secret society

to learn just for the joy of it;

"What Happened to the Teaching Machine") where all

learning is by machine,

only uneducated children

still know how to pose questions.

is defeated by a human because he can bluff or

to win" and it cannot (Caiden, The God Machine) ;

another super-computer is robbed of its control be-

group of humans whose main desire is

freedom (Pohl, Starchild) :

Variable Man"; Sheckley,

"Fool's Mate") human unpre-

dictability continues to be a problem. This distinc-

tive aspect of man is very directly stated by the

computer builder in a French science fiction story

"The Perfect Robot"). In trying to make

the computer more like man, he progressively adds to

is ability to deal with data

hess, language, concepts of love

the ability to

engender new machines, concepts of good and evil.

and fig l what he conse un to ee the clal. a

super-computer capable of running an entire revolu-

tion (Heinlein, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress), can-

not understand why a joke is funny, and the computer

AM (Ellison,

"I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream")

hates people because unlike them

"he

could not wan-

der,

he could not wonder, he could not belong,

he

could merely be".

Science fiction writers persist in confronting.

their readers with a question

that receives little

direct discussion but is of current concern.

As ex-

pressed by

the

historian Bruce Mazelish (33), just

as continuities were established with the material

universe,

the animal kingdom, and our, subconscious,

we are faced with transcending the 4th discontinuity

of harmonizing our existence and those of mach-

ines in a technological society.

by Weizenbaum

От,

as expressed

("On the Impact of the Computer on So-

ciety") the insights of science such as those pro-

vided earlier by

Freud,

the work of Galileo, Darwin,

and

and now provoked

by

the advent of the com-

puter,

shake man's self-esteem because, when viewed

superficially, they seem to diminish man.

Mechanistic View of Man

We diminish man and in our anxiety grow more dis-

dainful of ourselves and ambivalent towards

comput-

ers if computer usage is predicated on a mechanistic

view of man and this mechanistic view becomes our

self-image.

Too many statements made by

systems

analysts or

computer

scientists display

that a com-

puter-usable view of man is being substituted for

the whole man.

Keep in mind the above list of human

attributes contrasted to computers by

science-fic-

tion writers as you read the following statement

from the widely read and much discussed book Limits

of Growth written by well-motivated systems analysts:

Some considered the model too 'technocratic'

he Moscow meeting summed up this point when

he said,

'Man is no mere biocybernetic device'.

This criticism is readily admitted.

The pres-

ent model considers man only in his material

system because valid social elements simply

---

## Page 218

13-00000

could not be devised and introduced in this

11rst effort.

Yet,

despite the model's mater-

1al orientation, the conclusions of the study

point to

the need for fundamental

changes in

the values of society.

(34, p. 191)

Admission that the world model has a minor flaw of

omitting "critical social factors"

followed so

blithely by conclusions about fundamental value

changes surely conveys to the reader that the fac-

tors that have been dealt with are the more essen-

tial and more significant.

Again recall the human attributes as you read:

By the same token since the thinking human

being is also an information processor.

it

should be possible to study his processes and

their organization independently

of the details

of the biological mechanisms - the

'hardware'

- that implement them.

(Simon and Newell,

*Information-Processing in Computers and Man",

p.

256)

That the theories

are mechanistic - that they postulate

only the processes capable of being effected

by mechanism - is guaranteed by simulating

com beers: predicate 258) onary digital

To reemphasize the contribution of science fic-

let us trace through one well-written and pop.

Stand on Zanzibar (Brunner).

century over-populated world, there is a very ad-

Shalmaneser owned by General Tech-

nic, a company large enough to be contemplating the

small underdeveloped country

unique since it alone has retained peacefulness and

trust and humane behavior.

Computer analysis is un-

dertaken of the feasibility of the G.T. project and

for alternative plans of carrying it out.

gard to the possibility of computer analysis of what

makes Beninia attractive, one sensitive character in

the book says "

when they get love down to a

bunch of factors you can analyze with a computer,

nothing left of whatever makes it worth

Shalmaneser eventually rejects the

data on Beninia because it is inconsistant with re-

Mulligan, a cynical sociologist,

computer to process the data by adding the additional

assumption that an unknown force is active in that

Mulligan points out that the scientists

who have been working toward consciousness for the

super-computer have been successful because the re-

jection of the data was a display of its first human

"orneriness" or "bloody-minded-

When faced with something different, it chose

to reject it instead of broadening its view of the

Mulligan sets out to find what makes

Beninia different and traces it to a genetic muta-

tion which produces a body odour that surpresses in

others the territorial-aggression reaction.

gan's hope is that a world-renowned biologist who is

working on modification of human genetic maps can

that Mulligan, who represents and speaks for those

characteristics which are human, falls into another

part of the prevalent mechanistic trap - aggression

is in our genes; the solution to our problems will

be via a specific scientific breakthrough.

Superstates and Sypersystems

A concern for the use of computers in politics

and government is seen in numerous stories.

ion polling in a political campaign is involved in

and the writing of campaign lit-

erature in The Novel Computer (Escarpit).

diction of elections is carried to an extreme in

"Franchise" (Asimov) where only one vote is needed

to determine the election,

(Galouye) describes an entire synthetic society (an

"electromathematical model") made up for purposes of

Of greater concern, however, are

the super-states dependent on of

replaced by super-

Many of these stories describe

the process by which men gradually gave away self-

determination in exchange for material well-being.

or in the belief that a larger something was needed

• protect them from each other (Anderson.

The Funco File: Dick, Yulcan's Hammer;

Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason, Matrix; Pohl, Star-

Often, no one really understands any longer

how the system works (Cameron, Cybernia; Cole. The

Funco File; Delany, The Fall of the Towers; Dick,

Vulcan's Hammer; Fairman,

the vast destructive power

of the system is realized when,

is no longer serving

One computer over-

of protecting itself (Dick, Vul-

can's Hammer), one gets carried away by its goal of

avoiding thermo-nuclear war (Cardin,

two become lonely and hence mad (Fairman..1.

Starchild), another becomes psy-

chotic because of what it learns from men's minds

(Delany, The Fall of the Towers),

the control of selfish people (Cameron, Cybernia:

Sladek, The Reproductive System).

systems are destroyed by man's more flexible intel-

However, in one story (Miller,

Waiter"), the system goes on

more people,

and in another (Dick,

"Autofac"), with-

knowledge of the people.

Some ten years ago when discussing views of com-

puters in science fiction,

out that few

contemporary stories could be viewed simply as man's

worries about his machines getting beyond his con-

I noted that most of the stories focused on

extensions of specific current uses and emphasized

man's responsibilities as technology advanced (30.

While there are some stories in which comput-

ers turn on their makers (Dnieprov,

stories just cited have two significantly different

The stories do not begin with the

construction of a machine motivated by curiosity or

scientific naivetée.

the populace agreeing to control by

1993 after a large world

car. all nextons agree to "subordinare themselves in

Dick, Vulcan's Hammer p. 19); or that another mach.

ne is built to control the world because with sion

axes men could be free as they could do ondy limited

damage before they were stopped but with advanced

technology men could do damage so much more quickly

they cannot be free to start (Pohl, Starchild).

computer age," we learn that man

---

## Page 219

13-00000

is a part of the evolution leading up to computers

'and that the basic cause of his failure was

the in-

abicity

to organize a complex society.

In the very

enjoyable Funco File (Cole), when the question is

raised.

"Has

¿ become your ruler, your god

"?,

the response is, "Well, no.

Not exactly.

It's more

like where our technology triumphs have

finally got

us to.

I quess you might say our real ruler was al-

ways an idea of what's normal or not.

Conformity, I

guess you'd call it

I suppose the Machine

plus the F.D.I.

- working

together — have sort

of

externalized

it once and for all."

In the

stories

where there is a struggle between man and the com-

puter, it is not a struggle to retain control but to

get it back once it has knowingly been given away or

unwillingly allowed to slip away.

Consequences of Bigness

a a persis a te de big computer yarent of

big states and big computer systems -

its consequences.

This bigness is well described

in an article by Weizenbaum.

This article is impor-

tant because it is one of the few expository state-

ments of this serious theme.

'hese often gigantic systems are put to.

programmers, often working

over a time span of many years.

the systems come into use, most of the origi-

nal programmers have left or turned their at-

It is precisely

when gigantic systems begin to be used that

their inner workings can no longer be under-

single person or by a small team

now upon us, has two consequences: first that

criteria no one knows explicitly,

that the system of rules and criteria becomes

C"On the Impact of the Com-

puter on Society," pp. 612-613).

What is the effect of this situation on

and

on society?

Two side effects are discussed by

Weizenbaum.

First of course, there is the psychological

impact on individuals living in a society in

which anonymous, hence irresponsible, forces

formulate

the large questions of the day and

circumscribe the range of possible answers.

.. But even worse.

since computer-based know-

ledge systems become essentially unmodifiable

except in that they can grow,

and since they

induce dependence and cannot,

after a certain

threshold is crossed, be abandoned, there is

an enormous risk that they will be passed from

one generation to another, always growing.

(Ibid.. p.

613)

The reader may argue the degree to which these

side effects are already present in our society,

if he reads sicence-fiction, he cannot ignore them.

While the first theme of the differences of man and

integral part of the modern configuration of govern-

standing lonely vigil over a bubbling retort to

prove his scorned hypothesis, the isolated computer

with a programmed quirk, asked the wrong

question or

fed the wrong data, is no longer hero.

Franken-

stein's monster,

or the more recent.

Karl.

Emmy, and

Siema, for example,

are very limited creations with

identifiable creators, circumscribed environments.

and restricted effects.

We now have instead Shal-

maneser, Project 79,

Vulcan 3, Allied Mastercomputer,

or simply, The Machine.

The new computer-hero has

remote

access, varied input and output devices, pro-

cesses large amounts of data supplied by different

agencies, works in real-time, makes policy decisions

based on

quasi-mathematics.

commands vast resources.

and affects large numbers of people.

Bibliography

Fiction

1. Anderson, Poul.

"Sam Hall".

Astounding Science

Fiction,

September 1953, as reprinted in (10).

2. Asimov,

Isaac.

"Franchise".

If, Vol. 5. No. 5.

August 1955- comedav".

1966 quore Time our

Signet edition, 1969).

Books, 1968, Iquotes pp'ell Publishing Co..

The God Machine. E.P. Dutton

Cybernia. Fawcett Publications.

The Funco Pile:

Selections from Science-

Fiction Thinking Machines.

The Fall of the Towers.

published are Toners of of he Dead cier:

12. Dick, Philip To Saut San

Corp., 1955, as reprinted in (14).

lications Inc.

The Variable Man and Other Stor-

jes. Ace Books,

Vulcan's Hammer. Ace Books,

16. Dnieprov,

ence

Fiction,

Collier Books.

17. Ellison,

Harlan.

"I Have No Mouth and I Musi

Scream".

If. 1967,

as reprinted in I Have No

Mouth and I Nust Scream. Pyramid Books, 1967.

(quote p.

18. Escarpit.

Robert.

e Novel Compute:

Flamma-

rion,

1964,

inglish translation Mart

Secker and

warburg,

Ltd.,

England,

19. Fairman,

Paul W. I, the Machine.

1966).

Lancer Books.

20. Galouye,

Crimer: 19 World. Victor GoL-

21. Heinlein, Robert A

---

## Page 220

13-00000

, 26. Pohl, Frederick and Jack Williamson. Starchild.

Penguin Books, 1970.

27. Sheckley,

Robert.

"Fool's Mate".

1953, as re-

printed in (23).

28. Stadek,

John.

The Reproductive Sustem. May-

flower Paperbacks,

England,

1970.

29. Weir. E. C.

"What Happened to the Teaching Ma-

ch guys chine che risorse n-

struction.

as reprinted in Of Men and

Machines,

A.0. Lewis, Jr..

e...

Dutton,

1963.

Non-Fiction

30. Ascher,

Marcia.

"Computers in Science Fiction".

Harvard Business Review.

"Fictional Computers and Their

Computers and Automation.

No. 12, December 1962.

3a fousins, Norman.

"The Computer and the Poet"

as reprinted in

Eruote Pr 50 Fourth Discontinuity".

Technology and Culture.

January 1967,

34. Meadows, Donella H., Dennis L. Meadows,

Randers, and William W.

Limits to Growth.

Potomac Associates,

(New American Library Signet edition, 1972).

35. Pylyshyn, Zenon W., ed.

Computer Revolution.

Prentice-Hall. 1970.

tion-Processing in Computers and Man".

as reprinted in

"On the Impact of the Com-

puter on Society". Science.

Vo2. 176. May,

In the article "The Path to Championship Chess by

Computer" by Professor Donald Michie published in

the January

1973 issue of

"Computers and Automa-

tion,"

the following corrections should be made:

Page 7, second column,

third

1 and 2:

paragraph;

lines

replace "the Rand Corporation mathema-

tician" by

"the professional philosopher".

Page 8,

should

be:

the chess position for Figure 1B

b

age 9, the graph in Figure 2 should b

as follows (containing one more connecting link)

Binger - Continued from page 17

our world trade.

These weights must be removed and

this need must be attended to by Congress and our-

selves.

We must endorse, broaden and actively sup-

port the steps that adjustment assistance can take

to alleviate human distress,

cushion the impact of

change and spur internal transition to successiul

competitive enterprise.

When we become more familiar with the great in-

fluence wielded by exports and the creative capabil-

ities of companies that operate in many lands.

we

will do a lot more to overcome, where they exist.

the. penalties we pay for the benefits we enjoy. I

firmly believe this.

If I have reminded you of both the pluses and

minuses that world trade produces,

ask yourself how

much of this your family knows and understands. See

how skillful you can be in finding ways to make this

vital topic really interesting to your family. your

neighbors, your associates and the other thinkers.

teachers and decision-makers in your community.

This we will do, wherever we have Honeywell

people who have built their careers on unraveling

knotty problems in research, production, distribu-

tion, legislation and public affairs.

We mean to do the things which will make the or-

dering of a sound world trade policy

in the lnited

the logical and popular response to a broad

and informed public petition.

We intend to urge businessmen; labor leaders, and

government officials to work for a system of world

business that will create jobs all over the world -

not in one country to the disadvantage of another.

STATEMENT OR OTTENS

EMENT ANO CIRCULATION

CLE IOTRUCTON

¡ OM PAGE 2 :REVERSE:

I Sapraber 50. 1973

72100

Edmund C. Berkeley. B1S Heahington St. Nonconrille, Mass. 02160

P33 Sandra Lane, Larne, S.J. 091.0

Wis betal temente un ble westunite di con on con o mas

=--50-27

• точА, но остактальтио пыт ла

TOl1

Toll

tot

1297

TIaS

MITS

100

T275

1095

4500

---

## Page 221

13-00000

'A fabulous gift for Christmas:

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by Edmund C. Berkeley, Author and Anthologist

Over fifty parables (including anecdotes, allegories, and fables) by Berkeley and many other

authors, modern and ancient, dealing with famous problems, modern, classic, or ageless. Many

e parables are decorated by a bouquet of proverbs and quotations - for readers who like to

choose which variety of lesson appeals to them. A short guide to some patches of common

sense and wisdom. An ideal gift. Illustrated. Hard cover. 224 pages.

Do you remember the story of the fox

and the grapes? illustrating a principle of

such timeless value that the phrase "sour

grapes" has been used and understood by

millions of people for 2000 years?

Well, why not make a collection of

ideas and principles of common sense and

wisdom - and why not illustrate them

with fables, allegories, and anecdotes of

enormous impact?

That was the plan of this book.

It comes right out of our work on the

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Some of the issues of the Notebook

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---

## Page 222

13-00000

"RIDE THE EAST WIND:

Parables of Yesterday and Today"

Table of Contents

Part 1. The Condition of Man

Pandora and the Mysterious Box / H. A. Guerber

The Garden of Paradise* / Hans Christian Andersen

"to which the King's son was transported by the East Wind

The History of the Doasyoulikes / Charles Kingsley

The Locksmith and the Stranger / Edmund C. Berkeley (B)

The Elephant and the Donkey / James Reston

Where that Superhighway Runs, There Used to be a

Cornfield / Robert Redfield

The Fire Squirrels / B

Part 2. On Flattery and Persuasion

The Crow and the Fox / Jean de La Fontaine

The Visitor who Got a Lot for Three Dollars /

The Cuckoo and the Eagle / Ivan A. Kriloff

The Wind and the Sun / Aesop

The Lion in Love / Aesop

The Crow and the Mussel / Aesop, B

The Two Raccoons and the Button / B

Part 3. On Perseverance and Resourcefulness

The Crow and the Pitcher / Aesop

Robert Bruce and the Spider / Sir Walter Scott

Hannibal Mouse and the Other End of the World / B

The Fly, the Spider, and the Hornet / B

Part 4. Behavior - Moral and Otherwise

A Small Wharf of Stones / Benjamin Franklin

The Three Bricklayers / B

The Good Samaritan / St. Luke

Much Obliged, Dear Lord / Fulton Oursler

The Fisherman, the Farmer, and the Peddler / B

Part 5. The Problem of Truth

On Being a Reasonable Creature / Benjamin Franklin

The Monkey and the Spectacles / Ivan A. Kriloff

The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap / Mike Quin

The Barreis and the Pittsburgh Manufacturer / B

The Empty Column / William J. Wiswesser

The Differences in Two Strains of Corn / Edgar Anderson

The Six Blind Men of Nepal / B

The Sighting of a Whale / B

The Stars and the Young Rabbit / B

The Ocean of Truth / Sir Isaac Newton

Part 6. On Common Sense

The Lark and her Young Ones / Aesop •

The Bear and the Young Dog / B

The Bear and the Young Calf / B

The Bear and the Young Beaver / B

• The Wasps and the Honey Pot / Sir Roger l'Estrange

The Six-Day War and the Gulf of Dong / B

The Deceived Fanla / lamac Northero

The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes

Once there was a Fox who lived on the lower slopes of

Nit. Etna, the great volcano in Sicily.

These siopes are ex-

tremely fertile; the grapes that grow there may well be the

most delicious in the world; and of all the farmers there,

Farmer Mario was probably the best. And this Fox longed

and longed for some of Farmer Mario's grapes.

But they

grew very high on arbors, and all the arbors were inside a

vineyard with high walls, and the Fox had a problem.

Of

course, the Fox of Mit Etna had utterly no use for his fam-

ous ancestor, who leaping for grapes that he could not reach,

called them sour, and went away.

The Fox decided that what he needed was Engineering

Technology.

So he went to a retired Engineer who lived on

the slopes of Mt. Etna, because he liked the balmy climate

and the view of the Mediterranean Sea and the excitement of

watching his instruments that measured the degree of sleep-

ing or waking of Mt. Etna.

The Fox put his problem be-

fore the Engineer.

Missile Alarm from Grunelandt / B

The National Security of Adularia / B

Doomsday in St. Pierre, Martinique / B

Part 7. Problem Solving

The Wolf and the Dog of Sherwood / Aesop, B

The Three Earthworms / B

The Hippopotamus and the Bricks / B

The Cricket that Made Music / Jean de La Fontaine, B

The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes / B

The Mice of Cambridge in Council / Aesop, B

Brer Badger's Old Motor Car that Wouldn't Go / B

The First Climbing of the Highest Mountain in the

World / Sir John Hunt, B

The Evening Star and the Princess / B

Notes

Some Collections of Parables and Fables

To be published in November 1973 by Quadrangle /

The New York Times Book Co., hard cover, $6.95

RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS IF NOT SATISFACTORY

(You can read it all in 7 days - and keep it only if

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---

## Page 223

13-00000

EDITORIAL

(an updated version of an editorial first printed May 1973)

Burying Facts and Rewriting History - Il

One of the efforts of this magazine is to pursue truth.

One of the ways in which truth is pursued is not to let

statements of the utmost importance be buried and for-

gotten in the pages of daily newspapers, nor unreported

and lost because they are no longer well covered in nation-

al news magazines.

Among those statements are two of permanent interest

in connection with the Watergate Caper (this phrase is es-

tablishmentese for "the Watergate Crime").

- The statement by Bernard L. Barker, one of the con-

victed operatives, which explains his motivation

and background (see November 1972, Computers

- The statement by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd, ex-FBI agent,

an employee of the Republican Committee to Re-

elect the President, telling what he did and saw

while five men burglarized the Watergate offices

of the Democratic National Committee on June

17, 1972, about 2:30 a.m. (see December 1972,

C&A).

In addition, we have published seven installments of re-

ports on the Watergate Crime by our contributing editor,

Richard E. Sprague (a computer professional of 25 years

standing) who as an avocation has studied for many years

dirty political operations in the United States, including

the assassinations by conspiracies (not "lone assassins") of

President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, and

Reverend Martin Luther King.

Three years ago in May 1970, when we began to pub-

lish this type of article, we could not have spoken confi-

dently of "the assassination by conspiracies" of two

Kennedys and one King.

But the articles we have pub-

lished - which are listed and characterized on the follow-

ing pages - have together a remarkable impact.

Taken together, the information published May 1970 to

October 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively

destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten his-

tory, that the establishment in the United States has

arranged for people in the United States to believe. I do

not assert that the establishment is a conscious organism

or organization; perhaps the best description is this: a

loose confederation of overt conspiracies, silent conspir-

acies, and biased wealthy persons, with very intelligent

orchestration stemming from the Pentagon, the Central

Intelligence Agency and the Presidency, and with assts

from organized crime and the Mafia.

We challenge any fairminded person to read this col-

may be ordered from us), and after reading them, to still

believe that the assassinations are actually the actions of

"lone psychopaths," instead of fitting together into a plan

to install a certain kind of autocracy in the United States.

This kind of autocracy claims to be democratic, to

stand up for "national security," "executive privilege,"

"separation of Constitutional powers," etc. It offers ap-

pearances of democracy, but it seizes the realities of

money and power. It cuts programs of social benefit; but

it allocates $80 billion a year to be paid to the military-

industrial-Pentagon complex.

In the 1940's there was a name for this kind of autoc-

racy. Its name was "fascism," effectively a dictatorship

in the interests of big business. What is now appearing in

the U.S. is "fascism" in the form of a dictatorship by the

military-industrial complex.

Here in a nutshell is an example of the present uneven

contest: it takes the form of two sentences in a report by

E. Drake Lundell, Jr., in Computerworld for April 22,

1973:

• The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department

is "outmanned and outgunned" when it comes to

prosecuting cases like the current action against IBM,

Senate investigators were told last week.

• In addition, witnesses before the Senate Antitrust

and Monopoly Subcommittee stated that often the

division cannot do its job properly because of polit-

ical pressure from the White House.

These two statements contain a world of implications.

Essentially, the Department of the United States Gov-

ernment which is charged with enforcing certain U.S. laws

against monopoly, can no longer properly function because

of (1) the enormous power of just one business, IBM, and

(2) political pressure from the White House (this phrase is

establishmentese for "President Richard M. Nixon").

We must dig up facts, remember them, and write

Edmund@-Berkely

---

## Page 224

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The Watergate Crime

Articles Published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973

Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries

August 1972

33

The June 1972 Raid on Democratic Party Head-

quarters - Part 1

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A report on five men who have numerous con-

nections with the Republican Party, the White

House, the Central Intelligence Agency, anti-Castro

Cubans, and plans for the assassination of President

John F. Kennedy, and who were arrested seeking

io bug Democratic National Headquarters at 2:30

a.m., June 17, 1972

October 1972

18

The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The

Watergate Incident) - Part 2

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A report on further developments in the June 1972

raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and others,

on National Democratic Party Headquarters, and

implications affecting a number of Republican

leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.

November 1972

26 Bernard L. Barker: Portrait of a Watergate Burglar

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation

low a cloak and dagger operative and right-wing

ictivist, who was caught as a burglar in the Water

gate Hotel offices of the Democratic National

Headquarters, looks at himself and his line of work.

29

Walter Sheridan - Democrats' Investigator?

or Re-

publicans' Countermeasure?

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

Walter Sheridan, recently employed by the Demo-

cratic National Committee to investigate the

Watergate Incident, may actually be a "counter-

measure" by the Republicans to defeat the Demo-

cratic investigation.

December 1972

24 The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The

Watergate Incident) - Part 3

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A report on further developments in the June

1972 raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and

others, on National Democratic Party Headquarters,

and implications affecting a number of Republican

leaders and President Richard M. Nixon.

26

Martha Mitchell and the Watergate Incident

by Martha Mitchell, the magazine Parade, and

Richard E. Sprague

How Martha Mitchell (wife of former Attorney

General.lnhn Mitchalll war matrend and leans in

or. Munical and ta rio or Perore on time.

7 The Watergate Crime: An Eye-Witness Accoun

y Alfred Baldwin, 3r

mittee.

January 1973

33

President Richard M. Nixon, the Bay of Pigs, and the

Watergate Incident - Part 4

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

How President Nixon lied in 1960 about the plans

for the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and is suppressing in

1972 the investigations of the Watergate Incident.

March 1973

26

The Watergate Crime and the Cover-Up Strategy -

Part 5

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A report on the trial of E. Howard Hunt, James

McCord, Bernard Barker, and four other persons

for their raid on Democratic National Committee

Headquarters in June 1972 using funds of the Re-

publican Committee for the Re-Election of the

President; and the strategies of cover-up that

have been employed.

June 1973

26

Watergate: What More is There to Hide? - Part 6

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

How investigation into the Watergate Crime is

leading to ramifications and implications, and

what are some more of the now hidden connec-

tions that may be revealed.

36

August 1973

Lessons of Watergate - Part 7

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

The collectio Big American Covere anatomy

cases of "Really Big American Cover-Ups"; and

the implications and ramifications.

September 1973

37

Six Parallels of 25 Years Ago

by Alger Hiss

How an establishment attacked Alger Hiss -

---

## Page 225

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Political Assassinations in the United States

Articles Published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973

Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries

May 1970

30 - The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy:

The Application of Computers to the Photographic

Evidence

A reexamination of some of the evidence relating

to the assassination of John F. Kennedy - witi

emphasis on the possibilities and problems ol

computerized analysis of the photographic evi.

dence.

29

July 1970

The May Article, "The Assassination of President

John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to

the Photographic Evidence" - Report No. 2:

32

More About Jim Hicks

32

Confirmation of FBI Knowledge 12 Days Before

Dallas of a Plot to Kill President Kennedy

35

The Second Conspiracy About the Assassination

of President Kennedy

August 1970

48

The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:

48 Preface, by Edmund C. Berkeley

50 Two Men With Guns Drawn at Senator Kennedy's

Assassination: Statement to the Press, by Theo-

dore Charach

50 Map of the Scene of the Assassination of Senator

Robert Kennedy

51 The Pantry Where Senator Robert Kennedy was

Assassinated

52

Bultet Hole in the Frame of a Door

53

Two Bullet Holes in the Center Divider of the

Pantry Door

39

48

September 1970

Patterns of Political Assassination: How Many Coin-

cidences Make a Plot?

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation

How the science of probability and statistics can

be used as an instrument of decision to determine

if a rare event is: (l) within a reasonable range;

(2) unusual or strange or suspicious; or (3) the re-

sult of correlation or cause or conspiracy.

computer-Assisted Analysis of Evidence Regarding

Progress Report

by Richard E. Sprague

October 1970

52 The Conspiracy to Assassinate Senator Robert F.

Kennedy and the Second Conspiracy to Cover It Up

by Richard E. Sprague

A timer of on of eat ape are to be not one

but two conspiracies relating to the assassination

of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

56 Index to "Special Unit Senator: The Investigation of

the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy®

An index is supplied for the Random House book

written by Robert A. Houghton, of the Los

Angeles Police Department, about the investigation

of the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

44

November 1970

Confidential and Secret Documents of the Warren

Commission Deposited in the U.S. Archives

by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor

A list of the subjects of over 200 documents of

the Warren Commission which were classified con-

fidential, secret, and top secret.

December 1970

39

The Assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King,

Jr., The Role of James Earl Ray, and the Question

of Conspiracy

by Richard E. Sprague

James Earl Ray says he was coerced into entering

a plea of guilty to killing Martin Luther King ...

and contrary evidence (plus other evidence) have

led to filing of legal petitions for relief.

January 1971

45

The Death of Walter Reuther: Accidental or Planned?

by Edmund C. Berkeley and Leonard Walden

Some significant questions about the plane crash

in May 1970 in which Walter Reuther was killed

February 1971

48

The Report of the National Committee to Investigate

Assassinations

by Bernard Fensterwald, James Lesar, and Robert

---

## Page 226

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What the National Committee in Washington, D.C.

is doing about computerizing files of evidence, in-

itiating lawsuits to obtain information, etc.; and

comments on two new books by District Attorney

Jim Garrison and Robert Blair Kaiser.

March 1971

35

"The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Ap-

plication of Computers to the Photographic Evi-

dence" - Comment

35

1. Another View, by Benjamin L. Schwartz, Ph.D.

A polemical attack on

"The Assassination of

President Kennedy: the Application of Com-

puters to the Photographic Evidence" by

Richard E. Sprague published May 1970.

40

I1. Response, by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

45 District Attorney Jim Garrison on the Assassination

of President Kennedy: A Review of Heritage of Stone

by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor

April 1971

32 The Right of Equal Access to Government

Information

by the National Committee to Investigate Assassi-

nations, Washington, D.C.

May 1971

27

The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Spatial

Chart of Events in Dealey Plaza

by Robert B. Cutler, Architect

The chart, first published in May 1970, is revised

and brought up to date.

June 1971

41

The Case of Secret Service Agent Abraham W. Bolden

by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di-

rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi-

Bolden wanted to tell the Warren Commission

about a Chicago plot to kill President Kennedy,

and was jailed six years on a framed-up charge

for trying to do so.

July 1971

51 The Central Intelligence Agency and The New York

Times

by Samuel F. Thurston, Newton, Mass.

The issue of systematic suppression of questions

about the assassination of President John F.

Kennedy, and a hypothesis.

August 1971

37 Jim Garrison, District Attorney, Orleans Parish, vs.

blocked his investigation in more than a dozen

ways.

24

57

1 The Assassination of President Kennedy - Declass

cation of Relevant Documents from the Nation:

Archives

The titles of the documents and other evidence

indicate convincingly that Lee Harvey Oswald was

trained in spy work by the CIA before his visit to

Russia; etc. Like the Pentagon Papers, these doc-

November 1971

The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Pattern

of Coup d'Etat and Public Deception

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation

Five significant, eye-opening events from May 1970

to October 1971, showing patterns of coup d'etat,

assassination, and concealment; and some predic-

tions.

December 1971

The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: A

Model for Explanation

by Vincent J. Salandria, Attorney, Philadelphia, Pa.

A study of the reasons why a great deal of the

Federal government's own evidence in the assassi-

lation of President John F. Kennedy declared

'conspiracy" - and a hypothesis, supported by

considerable evidence, about why the President

was assassinated and how the implications of that

action were to be signaled to those who could

read the signals.

The Strategy of Truth-Telling

by Edmund C. Berkeley

Editorial

January 1972

Spotlight on McGeorge Bundy and the White House

Situation Room

Situation Room could have resulted from infor-

mation available in Dallas and Washington prior to

the announcement - and thus does not actually

demonstrate that someone there had a guilty fore-

knowledge of the shooting.

---

## Page 227

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43

February 1972

Who Shot President Kennedy? - Or Fact and Fable

in History

by Gareth Jenkins, Weston, Mass.

How the physical evidence actually published by

the Warren Commission relating to the assassina-

tion of President John F. Kennedy shows con-

clusively that more than one man was responsible

for the shooting — contrary to the Commission's

own report.

28

March, April, May, June 1972

Dallas: Who, How, Why? (in four parts)

by Mikhail Sagatelyan, Moscow, USSR

A long report published in Leningrad, USSR, by

an ace Soviet reporter about the circumstances of

the assassination of President John F. Kennedy,

and their significance from a Soviet point of view.

July 1972

32 The Shooting of Presidential Candidate George C.

Wallace: A Systems-Analysis Discussion

by Thomas Stamm, Bronx, N.Y., and Edmund C.

Berkeley, Editor

An analysis of the shooting of Governor Wallace

of Alabama; and a discussion of systematic methods

for protecting American leaders from violent at-

tacks.

10

The Shooting of Governor George C. Wallace, Can-

didate for President

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor

Editorial

24

September 1972

The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy:

Proofs of Conspiracy and of Two Persons Firing

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

A review and summary of the evidence showing

conclusively the fact of conspiracy and the pres-

ence of two guns firing, at the time of the assassi-

nation of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.

January 1973

37 The Frenchman Who Was To Kill Kennedy

by Philippe Bernert and Camille Gilles, L'Aurore,

Paris, France; translated by Ann K. Bradley

English translation of the French newspaper re-

port on José Luis Romero, which was reprinted

in French in the December issue.

40 Why I Distrust the Romero Story

by Robert P. Smith, Director of Research, Commit-

tee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D.C.

The Romero report reprinted from L'Aurore has

many earmarks indicating that it is very difficult

to believe.

February 1973

26 Analysis of the Autopsy on President John F. Ken-

nedy, and the Impossibility of the Warren Commis-

sion's "Lone Assassin" Conclusion

by Cyril H. Wecht, M.D., Institute of Forensic

Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pa.

The coroner of Allegheny County, Pa., reports on

his examination of the evidence that still remains

(some of it is missing) locked up in the National

Archives of the United States, not accessible to

ordinary investigators.

30 U.S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir - Part 1

by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif.

How the U.S. National Security Agency intercepts,

• decodes, and understands almost all secret and top

secret electronic communications and signals of all

nations all over the world.

March 1973

31 U.S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir - Part 2

by Rampärts, Berkeley, Calif.

How the National Security Agency intercepted and

decoded enemy messages in order to direct bomb-

ing strikes in Viet Nam, and often failed; and how

the hideousness of what the American military

forces were doing in Southeast Asia finally led

this interviewee to resigning and terminating.

November 1972

April, May 1973

32

The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to 34 The New Orleans Portion of the Conspiracy to As-

Mid-1963 - Part 1

sassinate President John F. Kennedy - Four

by James Hepburn, author of Farewell America

Articles:

The unverified, but probably largely true, secret

(1) by Edmund C. Berkeléy, in the April issue; (2)

history of the Central Intelligence Agency of the

by Jim Garrison, in the April issue; (3) by F. Irving

U.S. - as a preliminary to its involvement in the

Dymond, in the May issue; (4) by Jim Garrison, in

assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

the May issue

On November 20, 1972, the Supreme Court of the

United States refused to permit Jim Garrison, Dis-

34

December 1972

The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History 80

Mid-1963 - Part 2

38 Le Francais Qui Devait Tuer Kennedy (The French-

man Who Was To Kill Kennedy!

trict Attorney, New Orleans, to prosecute Clay

Shaw for perjury. On November 21, Jim Garrison

issued a statement commenting on this refusal.

which is Article 4 of this set; Article 1 is an intro-

.. -

duction; Articles 2 and 3 are opening statements

---

## Page 228

13-00000

6

• F. Irving Dymond, attorney for the defendant, in

the February 1969 trial of Clay Shaw in New

Orleans; Clay Shaw was charged by the grand jury

with "having conspired with David W. Ferrie and

Lee Harvey Oswald to murder President John F.

Kennedy®®

— in regard to which the trial jury

found Clay Shaw "not guilty".

May

1973

Burying Facts and Rewriting History

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation

Taken together, the information published May

1970 to May 1973 in Computers and Automation

effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs,

the rewritten history, that the establishment in

the United States has arranged for the people in

the United States to believe.

June, July 1973

36 The American News Media and the Assassination of

President John F. Kennedy: Accessories After the

Fact (in two parts)

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

An examination of what happened in many im-

portant American news organizations, to cover up

and hide the facts about how President John F.

Kennedy was actually assassinated in Dallas.

38

September 1973

6

Establishments and Truth

by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and

Automation

The nature of an establishment as a system

A Parallel of 1963

by Marguerite C. Oswald, Fr. Worth, Texas

The ignoring of evidence of conspiracy regarding

Lee Harvey Oswald - a parallel to the Watergate

cover-up.

21

October 1973

The Framing of Lee Harvey Oswald

by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y.

When Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, Nov. 22,

1963, for the assassination of President John F.

Kennedy, he said to his captors in the Dallas jail

cell, "I'm a patsy".

. A review of the evidence

(including 18 photographs) proves that Oswald

was a patsy, and that he was "framed" for the

murder of President Kennedy - although "'estab

lishmentese" American history denies it.

Hertlein - Continued from page 19

human failing.

Even the most broad-minded practi-

tioner is bound by his of her capacities and

philos-

ophy,

and it requires a deliberate and concerted ef-

fort to remain open-minded, and to appreciate varied

approaches that are not in accord with one's own

temporary aesthetic parameters.

One discerns com-

puter artists who prefer natural or man-made pat-

terns and sounds,

vs. those who desire only mathe-

matics, electronic and computer sounds,

sans the

human touch.

There are those who exploit two or

three-dimensional static images, vs. the creators

who prefer moving permutations in flux,

declaiming

that the computer is a perceptual medium,

and there-

fore should not

be imprisoned in static form,

i.e..

cybernetic art is

"pure idea," ad infinitum.

Ironi-

cally, even the newest of the arts appears destined

to hardening within specific schools of thought,

with separatist camps warring in "vs." expression

and debate.

Summary

It is obvious that the concept of manipulation

and processing via the computer is merely the first

stage of cybernetic creation.

the statements of the artistic problem and aesthetic.

personal variation, is a vast,

open terratory that

is being explored by questioning, hardy intellec-

tual pioneers,

seek to perceive the inner

anatomy of art and philosophy:

What is style?

What constitutes the aesthetic?

How may this

be accomplished?

What is art?

Music?

Poetry?

Sculpture?

Dance?

What is science?

Mathematics?

Is art purely the man-made: The

sound of

the human voice, or playing music upon

man-made instruments?

The painting and

sculpting of man with hand-held tools?

Is art a part of life, embracing: The

ordin-

ary,

the animal and natural sounds?

patterns

The

carved by the winds, sands, and

the water?

Is art perceptual, a mere fleeting moment or

experience in time, or is it permanent, en-

during?

What is the optimum role of man in a cyber-

netic society?

What is

the role of art in a technology-ori-

ented

world?

What is the symbiosis of man-and-the-machine?

What is thinking?

What is

creativity?

Is man the measure of all things?

When man uses the computer as an aid in creation,

or when he attempts to create heuristic art.

mind finds new questions to explore and to answer.

It appears highly possible that a renewed perception

of life and the arts awaits present and future gen-

that this may be partially ac-

complished by eliminating the boundaries of compart-

mentalized disciplines, and by walking freely be-

tween art and science, by combining interdisciplin-

ary practices and materials, to hopefully bring

forth the ideal of an open, growing, and dimensional

perception of art/life for the human rate.

ditor's Note: This paper is published in accord

ince witl

a new editorial policy of allowing writers

freer expression, with no editing by the editors, in

the hope that greater variety of expression and

ideas will result for the benefit of readers.

---

## Page 229

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• Classified Advertisement

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CORRECTION

In the July 1973 issue of Computers and Automation.

a single article entitled "Communication

-

Three-

Way: Chimpanzee,

wan.

Computer" was published.

Part

I was authored by Larry B. Dendy of the Public Rela-

tions Office of the University of Georgia and Part 2

was authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld et al of the

University of Georgia and the Yerkes Regional Prim-

ate Research Center of Emory University.

In compliance with

the

authors' wishes, the two

parts of that article have been reprinted as two

separate articles.

The

first

article is

authored

solely by Larry B.

Dendy and is titled,

"Communica-

tion -

Three Way: Chimpanzee,

Man,

Computer."

The

second article is authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld

and his colleagues from the Yerkes Primate Research

Center and Georgia State University

and is titled,

"A Computer Nediates Communication with a Chimpanzee."

Also,

and in compliance with the authors'

wishes. all

figures and tables of the article as published in

the July 1973 issue have been included in the second

of these articles.

In the 1973 annual index Computers and Automation

will enter the two articles in this manner, which

serves to separate a regular article from a formal

scientific and technical report.

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COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

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with a message?

We'll join you half-way - you send us his name and address

(with zip) and the message, and we will send the issue and

your message to him TOGETHER WITH a gentle "soft-sell"

invitation to subscribe to Computers and Automation.

We have set aside a hundred copies of this issue for this pur-

pose.

So long as they last, we can carry out your request.

Just fill in the following and send it to us:

(may be copied on any piece of paper)

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815 Washington St., Newsonville, MA 02160

( ) I request that you send a copy of the.

Computers and Automation and People to

1. Name

My message

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- issue of

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My name and address (and zip) are attached. I am a subscriber t

omputers and Automation and Peopl

---

## Page 230

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Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions

J. P. Frankel

Dean of the Faculty

Harvey Mudd College

Claremont, Calit. 91711

"We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it,

wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it,

and virtue lif the answer is yes) as doing-it."

In this article, I mean virtue in a much narrower

sense than the theologians, and I mean erroneous con-

ceptions in a much broader sense than planners of

parenthood.

Let me first speak of virtue.

We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it,

wisdom as knowing

whether-to-do-it,

and virtue as

doing it.

In this sense,

at least in the universi-

ties,

we think of scientists as knowing,

the human-

ists as wise,

and the engineers and other techni-

cians (doctors, nurses,

social workers and the like)

as virtuous, that is,

the do-ers.

The World is Full of Problems

Now the world is full of problems where we need to

know how to do it, whether to do it, and (if the an-

swer is yes) to do it.

Each of us can make his own

list

of pressing social problems: pollution,

limitation, or population growth.

reasonably

Fortunately we

are

well supplied with scientists,

humanists,

and technicians.

To understand why we still have

these urgent problems, let us turn to erroneous con-

ceptions.

The erroneous conceptions I wish to deal with

here are:

That it is within the power of scientists and

engineers to choose to work only on projects

"In the public interest," and

That the market place is where one discovers

the public interest.

Choice of Projects to Work on

Critics seem to assume that scientists and engi-

neers are free to choose their projects,

and complain

that they fail to consider the real public interest.

Scientists may be free to choose their work, but they

Based on remarks delivered on Joseph C. Wilson Day, November 10,

1972, at the University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.

have no more

to say about how their discoveries are

used than Christopher Columbus did.

As for the engineers, they have more to say about

the uses of science,

since they are the ones who

choose which of science's ideas will be applied, but

they in turn have almost no way,

tifying

at present, "of iden-

the public interest, and even less in determ-

ining which products or processes should be produced

to serve it.

A Moratorium on Science?

We will return to this matter of choice, but first

let's eliminate from the list of reasonable alterna-

tives facing

society,

the silly and dangerous notion

of a moratorium on science.

The key

notion in the moratorium idea is that if

you are urged on do any more seen

There-

we are

urged,

don't do any more

science until

(presumably) the humanists devise suitable controls.

The trouble with this kind of conceptual contracep-

tion is two-fold.

In the first place,

as Paul Salt-

man has pointed

out eloquently, you can't forbid

knowing any more than you can forbid writing

poetry.

Science can be slowed down, of course, by driving it

underground, but even if we slowed it way down,

there

is no evidence that we have either knowledge or wis-

dom enough to control its application, unless we

change some of our habits.

Ignorance and Fear Lead to Irrationality

One habit that needs correction has to do with the

thinking and feeling processes of the humanists

the philosophers, if you will - who presumably are

to show us how to behave.

Too often they are igno-

rant or fearful of science and engineering.

What one

is ignorant or fearful of, he cannot deal with in a

rational way.

There is no possibility that we can

learn to control what we do by some non-rational

process, such as satori, using mystically-fashioned

playing cards, etc. Control over what we do will

---

## Page 231

13-00000

have to be done rationally.

I also believe that it

will have to be done by

humanists,

and that before

they can

do it,

we have somehow to lower,

or at

make more permeable,

least

the barrier that separates the

Two Cultures.

We

will come back to this point

Before that,

later.

let us return to the notion that engi-

neers choose what they will work on.

The Choices of Engineers

Most engineers do not make cosmic choices.

They

do not decide that this product will be built and

that one won't be.

Practically all engineers,

I suS-

pect, work for other engineers,

who work for others,

who work in companies where the products are deter-

mined not by science or philosophy,

analysis.

but by

market

Now market analysis has come a long way

since the days of the Edsel, and it often guesses

escourately.

although not always so,

what the public

te interested in buying.

But what the public buys is

not necessarily what it needs.

The Market-Place Guessing Game

We buy those things that are offered for sale

that are better (in some vague way) than the alter-

natives available to us.

Except for advertising or

other ways of influencing

public opinion, the basic

mechanism of the market-place is a guessing game.

Try this product, see if' it sells.

If it does, fig-

ure out what it was about it that sold, and push a

little harder.

If this one does not sell,

another change — and so on.

Advertising and public opinion do play important

roles - how else explain so many different labels

on the same bar of soap,

the same automobile? -

but the decision as to how the engineers' skills

will be used has,

mined by the instantaneous outcome of the market

Major Civil Problems

Now please do not misunderstand me.

The market-

place mechanisms are important for determining soap

or automobile styles.

I believe that criteria of

risk-and-return of investment are elements of our

decision-making processes that we could discard only

at great peril to our society.

What I am saying is

that the major civil problems: pollution, poverty,

and population density,

for examples, are not likely

to be defined by market analysis.

These problems, for which acceptable solutions

are needed, share these characteristics:

First, they cross product classification lines,

and involve more than one sector of the economy.

They are not just problems of the auto industry, or

or manufacturing-but-not-

service-industries - they involve all of these.

All the skills that all these sectors employ may

have to be applied to these problems.

plants in the country and the transport companies in

the city have pollution problems that differ only in

To expect them to do the necessary research

and development. separately,

each with his eye on his

own segment of the market, is to postpone until

if not forever, salving even the

smaller parts of our problems.

speak, are too big.

These Problems are Hardly Separable

In the same way, the major civil problems are not

readily separable.

One can reduce the amount of air

pollution caused by internal combustion engines by

using electric autos,

for example.

If so,

we may

replace polluted air in the cities with polluted

streams out in the

country where the new massive

power plants are.

Or we can replace with solar

energy the fissionable materials or fossil fuels we

now use for power; however,

at least in the near

future.

we would then have either much less energy

or much more costly energy, and fewer jobs and more

poverty.

pictures.

(Some among us tend to paint

even blacker

They point out that our society gave up

slavery only when our technology developed to the

point where machines were cheaper than slaves.

Is

it possible that we could deliberately reverse this

process and end up with clean air, but with slaves?)

This characteristic of tight linkage, or insep-

arability of the big problems, also suggests that

we cannot rely upon the ordinary market-place mech-

ani sms

to determine how we employ our technology to

solve our problems.

Very Difficult Problems

The third characteristic of our problems that

forces us to reconsider the mechanisms of

is that our problems are so very difficult.

technical solutions do not exist outside of social

The social costs outweigh such us-

ual factor costs as materials,

Our cities present much tougher problems than put-

As someone smarter than but

the moon if the moon had been inhabited".

World-wide and Nation-wide Problems

All these characteristics,

left out,

and others that I've

such as geographical diversity

some

problems are not local,

nor even regional or nation-

but world-wide - suggest that the organizations

needed for these new problem-solving

teams differ

considerably from those of even our biggest, most

diversified companies,

or else that we need some

super-industrial team of coordinators, who are to be

responsive not to the elements of the market-place,

but rather to the public interest.

public is

regional,

Whether that

or national or world-wide,

some-

one who has thought this problem further through

must tell.

My

own thoughts,

tempered by a certain

sourly pragmatic view of the interactions of vari-

ous national governments, suggests that the approach

most likely to succeed in the near future is the na-

tional one.

The National Science Policy and Priorities Act

The essentials of a first step in a national plan

are contained in the National Science Policy and

Priorities Act,

procedures for contracting

out to universities. com-

panies and other organizations, the research and de-

velopment necessary for solution of the major civil

problems, including the design of civil science sys-

tems. Whether an agency like NASA should be set up.

federal funding agency, not the various product

market-places, should establish the priorities and

fund the solutions to our civil problems.

As you see, this bill or Act or plan makes a

first approach to nationalizing the solution to na-

pinnol

nrnhlame

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## Page 232

13-00000

collections of scientific.

humanistic and engineer-

ing talent.

that either already exist in

the aero-

space companies,

universities and think tanks,

or

can be collected there.

this bill

solves one aspect of the problem.

proessen in replaces small

or local or single-commodity market-places with a

national market-place based on national needs.

suspect that the new agency will find that big aero-

space companies usually do not have the necessary

mix of talents,

although they probably do have the

necessary organization.

The universities,

on the

other hand, probably do have the necessary mix of

talents, but probably do not have the proper organ-

ization.

It seems,

however,

to be a logical first

step, and the sooner the bill becomes law,

the

sooner we

can begin to solve our problems.

International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis

An example of the international approach is the

recently established International Institute of Ap-

plfeit:Systems Analysis in Vienna as a joint venture

of our National Academy of Sciences and the Soviet

Academy,

among

others.

Since they will operate on

about three-and-a-half million dollars a year (the

Civil Science part of the National Science Policy

and Priorities Act allots an average of 270 million

per year for three years) it is unreasonable to ex-

pect anything more than papers for publication to

come out of Vienna.

The international effort will

result in more knowledge and wisdom;

on the pro-

posed national budget we could become virtuous as

well.

In Order to be Virtuous

One Must be Wise and Knowing

One final caution.

I hope you have not heard

me suggest that only scientists and engineers are

capable of leading us out of the thicket of diffi-

culties we are in.

I am not advocating technocracy,

that

totalitarian philosophy which says that only

engineers can lead us.

I do not believe that tor

one moment,

nor does anyone who knows enough engi-

neers and scientists.

There is no reason

that

to believe

they, as a class,

dee ally

more capable of

leading our people than, say,

the lawyers.

I would rather that you heard me say that no

longer is it virtue merely to do it,

but rather

that in order to be virtuous one must also be wise

and also knowing.

Our Leaders Must Be Part Scientist,

Part Humanist, and Part Engineer

of agencies and organiza-

"the public interest" and to find

of our problems.

But organizations

and corporations and public agencies -

are built by

part humanist, and part

and they must use what they have,

not in response to

some particular market-place,

with these characteristics.

They will have to be

an educatio sys like a very call order to pue 2o

NUMBLES

Neil Macdonald

Assistant Editor

Computers and Automation

A "numble" is an arithmetical problem in which: digits

BRIES

humar pot out or dom ore osal in getro ice

the solutions.

NUMBLE 7311

IFYOU

X GIVE

YLUYIT

YOTRUO

EUEUUE

TYCUOR

-CTUIQUOVI

GV = CU

327897972

Solution to Numble 7310

In Numble 7310 in the October issue, the digits O

through 9 are represented by letters as follows:

0=0

W =5

1=1

P = 6

E = 2

T =7

5 = 3

R = 8

H = 4

A=9

The message is: Eat what is ripe.

alousurvive — but also because we know it is poss

MESE

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## Page 233

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Nixon and the Mafia - Conclusion

Jeff Gerth

Contributing Editor

SunDance Magazine

1913 Fillmore St.

San Francisco, Calif. 94115

"Organized crime will put a man in the White House someday, and he won't

even know it until they hand him the bill."

- Ralph Salerno

art l of "Nixon and the Mafia" was published ir

he September issue of "Computers and Automation"

in the October issue.

Part 3 begins here

with further information about the relation of

President-to-be Richard M. Nixon with shady trans-

actions in the Bahamas.

Shakeup in the Bahamas

By the middle Sixties there was a storm brewing.

Internal friction had forced out a few people like

Lou Chesler,

while a wave

of public investigations

were blaring the role of underworld figures like

Meyer Lansky.

The 1967 Royal Commission of Inquiry

also dredged up another familiar name - Richard

Nixon.

Testimony before the Royal Commission by Max

• Courteney, a Lansky lieutenant, detailed a long

bookmaking career and brought out the names of a

large clientele,

including the then ex-Vice Presi-

dent Richard Nixon.

Mary Carter Paint

The Royal Commission also bared a deal which im-

plicated Richard Nixon far more deeply than passing

mention by an underground bookie.

In 1967 Lyndon Pindling became the first black

premier ever to serve the almost one hundred percent

black citizenry of the island.

Pindling was hardly

& revolutionary,

however, for among the people in-

strumental in putting him in office was a gambler

close to Lansky named Mike McLaney.

The Royal Com-

mission branded McLaney a "thoroughly dangerous per-

son"

and accused him of maneuvering

Pindling into at

least one deal involving a questionable gambling

concession.

Part of the post-election controversy was a com-

pany based in Tampa which bore the innocuous name of

Mary Carter Paint Company".

In 1965 Lansky's front-man (and former Key Bis-

cayne landowner) Wallace Groves, filed a joint ap-

plication with the Mary Carter Company to open a

Reprinted with permission from SunDance Magazine, November-December,

1972, Volume 1, Number 3, published by and copyright by Running Dog,

Inc., 1913 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Calif. 94115

ious Sir stadise sland in the the dega The s

The ubia-

owledgeable observers looked for the mystery mai

and a Justice Department memo, dated January 18,

1966, predicted that "the atmosphere seems ripe for

a Lansky skim".

After Pindling's election, Groves was forced out

and the Mary Carter Paint Company had itself two new

casinos.

At the 1967 opening of one of them

the

Nassau Bay Club - the honored guest was Richard

Nixon.

The following year - 1968

— the other. Mary Car-

ter Club, the Paradise Island Casino,

opened for

business.

The owners felt

close enough to Nixon to

offer him use of their facilities during the 1968

Republican Convention.

Nixon felt more comfortable

at Key Biscayne, but some of his staff took up the

offer.

Mary Carter Becomes Resorts International

In 1969 Mary Carter - now called Resorts Inter-

national - reluctantly "released" one Dino Cellini,

claiming that while he

"had a relatively unsavory

background,

he had no criminal record.

no criminal

associates".

Cellini hopped across the

water to

Miami, where, according to Dade County Sheriff In-

telligence Reports,

he continued to work in conjune-

tion with Paradise Island Casino.

The reports al-

lege that Cellini was an almost daily visitor to Re-

sorts International's Miami office, where he checked

credits and worked with a company booking junkets to

the Paradise Island Casino.

There are those who maintain that Cellini's con-

nections with Resorts International symbolize the

Vegas Sun concluded an eleven part series on organ-

ized crime - some of which centered on Resorts In-

- by charging that "however cloaked and

cleverly concealed by the guardians, gambling in the

Bahamas is controlled by Meyer Lansky and it has

been established in police intelligence reports that

the fee is fifteen percent of the gross income". The

now defunct Toronto Telegram reported in 1970 that

"observers believe that the resourceful Lansky is

still managing to get his cut from the Bahamas".

Resorts International, through its ninety-one

ercent owned subsidiary, Intertel, has denied all

legations of involvement with organized crime. I

---

## Page 234

13-00000

was Intertel that ITI hired in 1972 to snoop on col-

•umnist Jack Anderson.

The latest and possibly most damaging charge in

the Resorts International

battle came in June 1972

in an IRS inspired indictment of Meyer Lansky and

..Dino Cellini.

The indictment reads in part:

On or about May 17, 1968, unindicted co-conspira-

tor Vincent Teresa met with defendants Meyer Lan-

sky and Dino Cellini in Miami

and had a discus-

sion wherein defendants Lansky and Cellini

gave

Teresa permission to conduct gambling junkets to

the Paradise Island Casino.

Thus government agents allege that in 1968 Lan-

sky maintained at least some control in running jun-

kets to Resorts International's Paradise Island Cas-

ino.

The junket racket is an integral part of the

casino operation,

and as recently as 1971 Lansky's

Junkets dore he Paraduse rspond Cas,st

Eddie Cellini was reportedly still arranging

Enter Nixon and Rebozo

It was in 1967 - with Lansky still okaying jun-

kets and Cellini still running the Paradise Island

Casino

that

Richard Nixon and

Bebe Rebozo became

friends with the head of Resorts International.

It should be no surprise that James Golden, the

"deputy director of security"

for Resorts International is a good friend of Nix-

As a Secret Service guard for Nixon when he

Mas Vice President, Golden made a good enough im-

be appointed staff security chief for

Nixon in 1968.

Golden was also security director

of Nixon's convention headquarters in Miami that

and was security director for his subsequent

Later that year he moved to Resorts

Golden is just one of a long string

of interesting Nixon security appointees,

them Watergate indictees James

There are rumors,

some of which have been aired

in the press, that Richard Nixon owns stock in Re-

sorts International.

Former Republican Presidential

candidate Thomas E.

Dewey does own stock in the com-

pany,

and,

according to organized crime investigator

Hank Messick among others,

there are reports of Lan-

sky buying stock as well.

Nobody has proved any-

thing one way or another about the stock connec-

tions, but that Nixon is connected to Resorts Inter-

national, at least through Golden,

is indisputable.

Perhaps more disquieting than rumors of Nixon

stock ownership in an underworld holding company for

Bahamian casinos are the reports of his meddling in

Bahamian affairs.

In 1969 a proposed tax increase

on gambling profits to provide money for Bahamian

schools was slashed in half by the Minister of Fi-

nance.

The Minister refused to explain the cut.

and told opposition members to "use your imagina-

rion" for an explanation.

The advice was taken literally by some Bahamian

side sources connected with casinos".

sider sources eonfected hit pressure came ne Ba nian

paper asked openly if "a telephone call from the

White House was not responsible?"

Whereas our investigation into Cuban politics

brought evidence to light possible violations of the

Neutrality Act, we now have the possibility of an

American President who has spent a significant

amount of his vacation time in the Bahamas also med-

dling in the affairs of that country.

Richard Nixon,

a man with both visible and invis-

ible links to the underworld and politics of pre-

Castro Cuba,

turns up in

the Bahamas with very simi-

lar links, bringing some big names along with him.

Enter William Rogers

Two men with histories both in Bahamian politics

and in the finances of organized crime have made

frequent use of the legal services of a firm whose

most prominent partner is Richard Nixon's old friend

one-time Secretary of State.

The two men are Mike McLaney, charged by the

Royal Commission in 1967, and a business cohort of

his named William Colusardo.

were investigated in 1967 by the Securities and Ex-

change Commission in connection with a blueberry

plantation that McLaney sold to a company controlled

by Colusardo.

subsequent corporate jugglings

implicated (among others) newly elected Bahamian

Premier Lyndon Pindling.

Among Colusardo's "favors"

for Pindling were the use of his airplane during the

election campaign,

and a $127,000 contribution in

that defended McLaney and

Colusardo against the SEC

close friend and political associate of Nixon's for

He accompanied Nixon on many of

his Bahamian jaunts and also made frequent stops

with him at the Key Biscayne Inn and Villas.

turned to for counsel amidst his personal

Checkers affair and Eisenhower's seri-

ous heart attack.

Rogers served the Eisenhower/Nixon team for eight

years in the Department of Justice,

first as Deputy

Attorney General,

and then, by 1957, as Attorney

General.

The Justice Department's record against

organized crime in

the years following

the Kefauver

Commission was lackluster, to say the least.

It was

Rogers who personally rejected the recommendations

of the specially constituted Wessell Committee on

organized

crime set up in the wake of the infamous

Appalachian raid in upstate New York that revealed

a Mafia summit conference.

The Committee's propos-

als for a concentrated and coordinated war

on or-

ganized crime were only implemented some years later

by Attorney General Robert Kennedy.

A footnote in the Justice Department files was a

report by IRS Special Agent Josph Delfine,

dated Oc-

tober

19,

1953.

The

IRS recommended

to the Justice

Department that

"criminal proceedings be instituted

against Meyer Lansky

in the Southern Judicial Dis-

trict of New York for the willful

attempt to defeat

and evade a large portion of his income

taxes for

the years 1945 and 1947 under section 145b of the

Internal Revenue Code".

The Justice Department -

with William Rogers second in command at

the time -

respectfully declined to prosecute.

Lums Hot Dógs

Jpon leaving his post as Attorney General i

960. Rogers became a member of the New York firm o

Royal, Koegel and Wells.

In 1969, with its leading

partner about to become Secretary of State, Royal,

etc. moved with its clients wholeheartedly into the

world of gambling casinos and organized crime.

A year later Royal took on the account of the

Miami-based hot dog chain, Lums Inc.

What did a hot

dog chain have to offer a prestigious New York law

firm?

The answer may lie in where the firm took its

client.

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## Page 235

13-00000

In 1969 Lums purchased the Ceasar's Palace Hotel

and Casino in Las Vegas for $60,000,000.

A month

later the Nevada state gambling authorities were

looking into the hotels

"catering to twelve under-

world figures from Kansas City".

A few months after the purchase the SEC filed

suit charging Lums and Ceasar's Palace with "false

and misleading" statements.

The SEC

wondered how

Ceasar's managed to lose $1,000.000 in five months

when the previous year (before Lums bought in) there

was a $2,200,000 profit for a comparable time period.

The SEC also questioned Lums concerning the

$3,500.000 Lums paid one Jerome Zarowitz, a convicted

professional sports fixer who wasn't even

listed as

an owner of the casino.

Top officials in both Cea-

sar's and Lums have been under

investigation by IRS

intelligence in Miami and by Nevada gaming

authori-

dies in cases involving organized crime ever since

Rogers' firm took on the Lums account.

There is also

the question of the 1971 Lums ac-

quisition of a North Miami housing resort develop-

ment called Sky Lakes.

Both Sky

Lakes and Ceasar's

Palace have received large sums of money from the

Teamsters

$12,000,000 for the

Miami project and

more than $16,000,000 for Cesar's Palace.

Nith things going slowly, Lums announced plans

¡or a new $22,000,000 casino next door to Ceasar's

In December of 1971 the company decided

that the whole restaurant idea was no longer worth

In a classic climax to a classic Amer-

ican success they changed their name to Ceasar's

World Inc. and sold their hot dog stands.

Meanwhile the Secretary of State's old law firm

reaped a bundle with their new-found involvement in

the Las Vegas underworld.

With such stunning

SUC-

cesses at home, one wonders what a firm with a link

to the Secretary of State could do abroad,

in places

like the Bahamas or Vietnam, for example.

Nor do the underworld implications of big names

surrounding

Murray

Nixon end with the Secretary of State.

Chotiner, a long-time Nixon aide and archi-

tect of his early smear campaigns, has past links to

the underworld.

In 1962 Drew Pearson and Jack An-

derson wrote that "Chotiner

besides representing

the top gangster of Philadelphia,

Marco Reginelli,

represented a long and amazing list of hoods,

cession peddlers,

eun-

income tax violators and others

needing influence in high places

It was Chot-

iner who brought Frank Vitale.

"once involved in

the biggest bootlegging conspiracy on the West

onto Nixon's special plane to Moscow in 1959.

Nixon's recent appointment of Walter Annenberg as

Ambassador to England also echoes the themes of un-

Annenberg and his father were

indicted in 1939 for "aiding and abetting"

nection with their wire service operation in Chicago,

an operation run with the protection of Al Capone.

for which the Annenbergs paid $1,000.000.

nenberg family was also a major contributor to Nix-

on's 1968 election campaign.

Nixon to another bookmaker named Lew Lipinsky, Lip-

insky, who was convicted for bookmaking in 1938.

served for three decades as a go-between for the

Smith/Alessio interests to their syndicate connec-

Some of the dealings of the Smith/Alessio combine

were brought to national prominence by a recent LIFE

magazine

article which accused Attorney General

Richard Kleindienst of "tampering with

justice"

in a

case involving Alessio.

According to the Wall Street

Journal, Smith raised $1, 000.000 for

Nixon's 1968

campaign.

He and his wife took the first position

on the receiving line behind the President at the

White House inauguration.

More of the Same in California

Nixon's other favorite resting place besides Key

Biscayne is the area near his birthplace in southern

California.

Here the underworld pattern of his

Florida involvements repeats itself - in a strik-

ingly similar pattern.

One story there involves Nixon's multi-million-

aire backer,

C.

Arnholdt Smith.

and the Del Charro

Hotel in La Jolla, just north of San Diego.

The Del Charro was a favorite stopover for Vixon

Owned by the Murchison brothers,

who also owned the nearby Del Mar race track, the

hotel played host to numerous Detroit and Las Vegas

a former. manager of the

hotel, has alleged in statements to this repotter and

that the hotel served as a secret meeting

place for politicians and assorted business inter-

ests, some of them from the underworld.

cifically cited a 1954 meeting attended by Nixon and

chaired by a leading member of ITT.

that there was a bookmaking operation at the hotel.

but has offered no documented proof.

Mrs. C. Arnholdt Smith is a permanent resident of

the Del Charro, and the hotel's visitors have in-

Barry Goldwater, and J.

Hoover's $15,000-a-year bills were picked

up by the stockholders of the Murchison interests.

The fact that certain of Hoover's good friends

rubbed elbows,

rather warmly, with Meyer Lansky, and

the fact that the nation's leading crime fighting

agency

the FBI

— has come up almost blank in its

fight against organized crime may not prove anything

about Hoover.

On the other hand,

these facts don't

make it any easier to dismiss questions which might

arise about the influence of organized crime at the

highest levels of government.

of the Del Charro and thirty miles south of

the San Clemente White House,

lies the mammoth La

Costa land resort development.

tied to both Smith (his daughter is a director) and

LaCosta was originally developed by Cleveland

syndicate reliables Allard Roen and Moe Dalitz. The

development was reorganized in 1968 to bring Team-

ster control more in line with their investments.

which already exceeded $18.000.000.

its Florida counterpart, La Costa attracts a whole

range of figures from organized crime.

visitors have included Willie "Ice Pick" Alderman,

a St. Louis mob cohort Morris Shenker, and Wallace

Groves and Lou Chesler of Bahamas fame.

According to eyewitnesses, when Groves' helicop-

ter sets down, the red carpet is rolled out. It may

be because Groves bought a home in La Costa, but

more likely it's because, as government agents put

t, "where Groves appears, Meyer Lansky will not be

ar behind".

Another mob frequenter of the La Costa develop-

ment is Jake Arvey, an organizer of the Republic

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## Page 236

13-00000

National Bank in Miami, the bank through which Ber-

nard Barker channeled funds for the Watergate crime.

The Teamsters Again

A recent visitor to La Costa was Frank Fitzsim-

mons,

a key to Nixon's new-found support in organ-

ized labor.

Fitzsimmons is president of the Team-

sters Union.

This summer he stopped in La Costa on

his way to see Nixon at San Clemente.

Fitzsimmons

had just come from dinner in Detroit with a local

Mafia figure and soon after his Detroit-La Costa-San '

Clemente excursion, Fitzsimmons announced his sup-

port for Nixon.

One wonders whether the Teamster

decision to stay on the Pay Board and to support

Nixon is somehow related to what the Detroit free

Press has been hinting strongly as of late: that

the

administration has stopped prosecution of Frank's

son Richard Fitzsimmons - the business partner of a

Detroit

mobster

- or charges of missing union funds,

inschange for Teamster support of the Republican

President.

Whatever deals Nixon and Fitzsimmons did make,

the Teamsters have a long working relationship with

Their marriage goes back over

twenty years, where Jimmy Hoffa was introduced to

the Detroit underworld by Paul Dorfman, in exchange

for some multi-million dollar insurance business.

Paul, has residences at both Sky

Costa and was recently convicted of

taking kickbacks on a Teamster loan.

The Teamster tradition of labor racketeering and

corruption made for a ready alliance with the mob.

Early

government investigations of the Teamsters,

such as the Bobby Kennedy-led McClellan Permanent

Committee on Investigations, centered on labor rac-

keteering.

As Attorney General, Kennedy continued

his pursuit of the Teamsters and their boss,

Jimmy

Hoffa.

At one point Kennedy had twenty-nine grand

juries simultaneously investigating Hoffa's activity

- one of which led to a conviction for mail fraud

and jury tampering.

•In 1969, two Oakland Tribune reporters concluded

a six-month investigation with the charge that "the

$628,000,000 Teamsters Central States,

Southeast and

Southwest Pension Fund headquartered in Chicago, has

become a bankroll for some of America's most sinis-

ter underground figure".

Nowhere does the relationship between this fund

and the mob surface more dramatically than in Las

Vegas, where Teamster trustees have approved loans

between $50 and $70.000,000.

some shakily secured by

second mortgages and subordinated notes.

A high-

ranking Federal official has commented that

"the

reamster fund is a sort of open bank to people well-

connected in Las Vegas and well-connected

to organ-

ized crime".

It was Hoffa's desire

"to have [his? own bank in

that brought on the Teamster takeover of

the Miami National Bank.

The Bank in turn is just

one of a long list of ventures, suchas Ceasar's Pal-

ace, Sky Lakes, La Costa, Worldwide Realty, Interna-

tional Airport Hotel Systems, Truesdale Estates.

which Teamster money amounting to over $60,000.000

figures prominently alongside the social and busi-

ness partners of Richard W. Nixon - a line of in-

vestments that leads from Nixon's three White Houses

to a Federal clemency for Jimmy Hoffa and back to

The current head of the Justice Department's

Criminal Division saw enough evidence in 1967 to say

that he

"knew for a moral certainty [that) in the

upper echelons there is an amalgamation between the

Cosa Nostra and the Teamsters Union".

In 1971, when

a Federal Grand Jury probing the activities of leyer

Lansky

questioned Jimmy Hoffa, many wondered whether

the links between the two giants were more direct

than the numerous transactions between mutual

friends.

A few months after his testimony, Hoffa was

granted clemency after serving less than five years

of his thirteen-year sentence.

The freeing of Hoffa

and three co-defendents of the 1963 wire fraud pen-

sion case is the latest and most crucial event in

Nixon's longstanding friendship, a friendship with

some clear public

benefits for both.

Jack Anderson

documents,

for example,

that as early as 1960, then

Vice-President Nixon and Attorney General Rogers in-

tervened to halt an indictment against Hoffa in ex-

change for Hoffa's support in the 1960 election.

ANICO - More of the Same in Texas

In recent years the Teamster fund has been super-

seded by a giant Texas insurance company

source of finance for Las Vegas .casinos tied to the

The company is the American National Insurance

Company (ANICO) of Galveston,

to the heart and pocketbook of the two ranking Tex-

ans in the Nixon administration

- former Treasury

Secretary John Connally and former Assistant Attor-

ney General Will Wilson.

As well as floating more than $40,000,000 to Las

Vegas casinos and $13,000,000 to premier mob attor-

ney Morris Shanker,

ANICO has made loans to two

Florida

companies close to Richard Nixon

$1,750,000 in 1966 to the Mary Carter Paint Company,

and $3.000,000 in 1970 to a subsidiary of Worldwide

Realty.

That year a group of disenchanted stockholders

filed a multi-million-dollar suit, charging ANICO

officials with having taken control of the company

and using it as a private preserve as well as a

source of funds for the mob.

The defendants in the suit hired Nixon's New York

firm to handle the case.

Connally's Houston law

firm has also

been used by ANICO.

The First Na-

tional Bank of Houston, ofwhich Connally was a di-

rector and in which some of his law partners

officers,

has provided an interest-free account of

more than $1,000,000 for

ANICO.

Connally was also

a director of a savings association which was pur-

chased recently by ANICO.

Will Wilson was "general" of the Justice Depart-

ment's "war" on crime from 1969-1971.

of the Criminal Division until October 1971, when

his resignation was forced by disclosures tying him

to the scandal-rocked financial empire of Texas

wheeler-dealer Frank Sharp.

by dissident ANICO stockholders of helping to drag

ANICO into the twilight zones of finance wich such

deals as the 1963 absorption of a defaulted $450,000

mortgage held by Sharp.

Sharp's attorney and "finan-

cial advisor" on the deal was Will Wilson.

While Attorney General of Texas, Wilson sued the

foundation which controlled ANICO to bring three new

trustees onto the foundation's board of directors.

Wilson has no visible ties to the new trustees,

whose votes were instrumental in shaping the con-

pany's new financial course.

---

## Page 237

13-00000

brought on the shift of control in the foundations

were handled by a Galveston law firm linked to the

mob.

The stockholders also claim that John Connally

played a role in these negotiations, albeit a "back-

stage" role.

The ANICO case is part of a long his-

tory of Wilson's involvement with the Galveston un-

derworld.

When he came to the Justice Department in Wash-

ington,

Wilson discovered the organized crime divi-

sion looking into the affairs of ANICO.

Since then

there have been no indictments in the case and there

are reports that Wilson had the ANICO files locked

safely in his personal office.

One source of those

reports is Stewart Hopps, a former Justice Depart-

ment investigator.

Some serious conflict-of-interest charges con-

cerning ANICO remain:

The officers of ANICO who were later represented

by

Nixon's law firm, made a loan to a company

whose top officers are long-time friends of Nixon.

• The criminal division of the Justice Department

has been

headed by a man with direct links in a

company the division is supposedly investigating.

• The company also has clear ties to Nixon's former

Treasury Secretary, a man mentioned for the Vice-

Presidency, the national chairman of Democrats

for Nixon,

and a key figure in the President's

re-election scheme.

Whose Justice Department?

The ANICO case takes us to

a fitting endpoint to

the story of Richard Nixon's involvement with the

underworld - the Department of Justice.

It is an

old saw that criminal and criminal-chaser eventually

become involved in

the same

business,

but in

Richard

Nixon that old saw has become more of a reality than

perhaps ever before in American

history.

For

Rich-

ard Nixon is a man whose name has been synonymous

with

"law and order"

in America for three decades.

Yet the four-year

"war" on organized crime by the

Nixon administration bears more resemblance to the

"peace" in Vietnam than a sincere effort to get at

the mob.

In a recent interview in U.S. News and World Re-

port (September 11,

1972),

Attorney General Richard

Kleindienst hailed

"about 1600"

indictments of un-

derworld figures brought by the Nixon

administration

in the past

partment

three and half years.

The Justice De-

claims that many of these indictments in-

Those outside the Nixon administration,

have charged that the government's prosecution has

been both partisan and

aimed exclusively

"little fish" who are always in

abundance and who make little difference in conduct-

ing mob business.

Time has reported that quotas

have been established (i.e. one hundred hoodlums a

month for New York City) and that arrests are "being".

delayed so that future quotas can be filled".

hich petty gamblers can and have been rounded up

nd wondered aloud if the Justice Department isn'

conducting more a publicity war than one on organ-

A Times report this year found the gov-

ernment was building up a backlog of gambling in-

saving them for a crucial time during the

Indeed, while the Nixon-Agnew-Mitchell team has

used the spectre of "CRIME"

to keep the fear level

high and to guarantee large budgets and expanded

powers for their Justice Department,

the actual

"at-

tempts" of the Nixon administration to cope with or-

ganized crime have resembled a somewhat sinister up-

date of the Keystone Cops.

For example,

up to 1,000 of Kleindienst's vaunted

1600 indictees in gambling and organized crime may

have their cases thrown out for somewhat dubious

"improper procedures" technicalities.

A Miami at-

torney named James Hogan has

"discovered" irregular-

ities on signatures required for electronic surveil-

lance authorizations.

Court-approved wiretaps re-

quire written authorization by the Attorney General

of a designated representative, in this case Will

Wilson.

Instead of being

signed by John Mitchell or

by Wilson, the authorizations in question were

signed by aides, thus rendering thousands of wiretap

authorizations - and the indictments based on them

— useless.

Hogan himself is a long-time syndicate attorney

and a partner of Ben Cohen,

a former political boss

of Miami Beach who

ties'

takeover

figures prominently in the For-

of Miami by organized crime.

The

case in which Hogan made his discovery involved the

busting of the largest heroin/cocaine ring in Miami,

many of whose members were Cuban refugees.

Inspec-

tion of various court papers,

authorizations,

including wiretap

confirmed

"irregularities" in the

signature - Will Wilson's signature.

While resem-

bling his actual handwriting,

the signatures ap-

peared as

"Wil" instead of "Will".

While it may seem strange for an aide to misspell

his boss'

name, it seems even stranger that Hogan

took the case.

His normal fees start in five fig-

ures but he has been working on behalf of his court-

declared indigent client for more than two years

with minimal compensation.

While Hogan is known

as

a "very thorough"

attorney, it would be interesting

to find out more about the circumstances in which he

discovered the

"irregularities"

Even more interesting,

perhaps,

are the circum-

stances under which Richard Kleindienst was offered

a bribe of $100,000 to quash several mob indictments

In sworn testimony in November 1971, Kleindienst admit-

ted to being offered the $100,000 bribe (which would

be paid in the form of a contribution to Nixon's

1972 campaign) in exchange for stopping prosecution

against

several underworld figures

caught in a stock

fraud case.

The bribe was offered by an aide of

Senator Hiram Fong,

a Republican

from Hawaii.

The

aide had worked previously with Kelindienst through

Fong's position on the Senate Judiciary Committee.

Kleindienst said he refused the offer but he also

said he did not realize it was a bribe for an entire

week!

In cross examination, the prosecutor asked Klein-

dienst,

"If you had regarded the conversation as

something regarding a bribe

offer you would have im-

mediately report it, would you not?"

"Yes sir," replied Kleindienst, "I would have."

Kleindienst admitted he reported the bribe a full

week later, upon learning from J.

Edgar Hoover that

Federal agents were investigating the case..

One would expect the Attorney General of the

United States to be more alert.

But what is more

troubling are reports aired in the Washington Post

---

## Page 238

13-00000

shortly after the indictments in the stock fraud

case in question (and ten months before Klein-

dienst's testimony on the bribe).

Those reports

quoted

"sources

at

the U.S. Attorney's office in New

York" and indicated that after the meeting between

Kleindienst and Fong's aide,

"Kleindienst immedi-

ately contacted Justice's Criminal Division [then

headed by Will Wilson, and ...

an FBI agent was as-

signed to infiltrate the group of alleged conspira-

tors".

DO

we now believe Kleindienst's story

that he

"didn't realize" he had been offered a bribe, or

do we believe the U.S.

Attorney's office in New

York?

Did Will Wilson and the Justice Department

hold off a week while Kleindienst

"made up his

mind"

that he had been offered a bribe,

or was the

decision whether or not to take it?

And did Hoover

and the FBI somehow interfere?,.

Rechaps the answer comes in the final outcome of

the actual

prosecution involved.

The defendants in

the stock-fraud case included Meyer Lansky's son-in-

law,

a former director of the Bank of Miami Beach

and Johnny Dio, a notorious racketeer long associ-

ated with

Jimmy Hoffa.

They were acquitted, while

the messengers who offered the bribe were convicted.

One wonders if that $100,000 did not

find its way

into the Republican secret treasury after all.

The Tip of the iceberg

*The organized criminal relies on physical terror

and

psychological intimidation, on economic re-

taliation and political bribery, on citizen's in-

difference and government acquiescence.

He cor-

rupts our governing institutions and subverts our

democratic processes.

— Richard Nixon, April 24, 1969

Someone should tell President Nixon that resist-

ing the power of organized crime demands, above all,

a President with a clean slate.

Nixon's life is like a complex jigsaw puzzle, the

pieces of which

have been shuffled so as to defy

complete reconstruction.

Some of the crucial pieces

have been removed,

so a full picture cannot be

achieved.

It is no

accident

that no other

politi-

cian has been so much written about, yet so little

understood.

Indeed, much has been made of the

"enigma" of

Richard Nixon, his tight-lipped bearing in relation

to his personal life.

his unwillingness to divulge

what's really on his mind.

But maybe the answer to the enigma lies in his

old poker-playing instincts,

in the unfailing abil-

ity to keep quiet when he's sitting on cards best

hidden from the table.

For there is one indisputable fact about Richard

Nixon's career

his ascendancy to the pinnacle of

American power has required twenty-five years of

care and feeding by some very wealthy and very re-

actionary men, and an extraordinary number of them

have maintained connections with the world of or-

ganized crime.

During Nixon's years in office the underworld em-

pire in the United States has prospered almost unre-

stricted by the Federal government.

From its base

in the gigantic resources of heroin traffic, gamb-

ling, prostitution,

"protection," and a host of

other enterprises of violence against society. or-

ganized crime has moved like a bulldozer into the

world of legal, "respectable" business.

Every link between Richard Nixon and organized

crime, however marginal,

is of significance, if for

no other reason because he is President.

And there

are people all over America, from government intel-

ligence agents to hotel waiters, who have Nixon

stories to tell.

He covers his tracks well, but not

well enough.

The full extent of Nixon's involvement with or-

ganized crime is just beginning to surface. The

evidence in this article is merely the

top

of a

dirty iceberg that will slowly become visible over

the coming years.

The milieu in which he has traveled for three

decades, and in which so many of his friends, as-

sociates, and appointees have been related to the

mob, throw a long and permanent shadow

over every-

thing Richard Nixon the

"public servant" has ever

said, and over everything his political life has

ever meant.

For in light of his career, both past and pres-

ent, Richard M.

Nixon seems to be the factual

em-

bodiment of Ralph Salerno's prediction that organ-

ized crime would someday put its own man in the

White House.

The information in this article was gathered

during a six-month investigation carried out in

many cities, primarily Miami,

San Diego, Las Vegas,

Sources included interviews with over a hundred

people; court documents (including

etc.); research in the National Archives, Washing-

ton, D.C.; organized crime intelligence files

private and government); and newspaper clippings.

Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical

..:

Computers and Automation, established 1951 and

therefore the oldest magazine in the field of com-

puters and data processing, believes that the pro-

fession of information engineer includes not only

competence in handling information using

computers

and other means,

but also a broad responsibility,

in a professional and engineering sense, for:

— The reliability and social significance of

pertinent input data;

- The social value and truth of the output

results.

In the

same way, a bridge engineer

takes a pro-

fessional responsibility for

the reliability and

significance of

the data he uses, and the safety

and efficiency of the bridge he builds.

for human

beings to risk their lives on.

Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes

articles and other information

related to socially useful input and output of data

systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to

publish what is unsettling,

disturbing, critical

- but productive of thought and an improved and

afer "house" for all humanity, an earth in whicl

our children and later generations may have a fu-

ture, instead of facing extinction.

The professional information engineer needs to

relate his engineering

to the most important and

most serious problems in the world today:

war,

nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo-

sion, and many more.

---

## Page 239

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ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK

Computing and Data Processing Newsletter

Table of Contents

APPLICATIONS

Natised Security Syst Installs Computer-

Nova Computer Checks Strength of Roof in

42

42

Coal Mine

Phone Books by Computer

EDUCATION NEWS

Digital Fuseen Corp. Computer Aids M.I.I.

43

Instruction

RESEARCH

"Jalking" Ballpojnt Pen Under Development

MISCELLANEOUS

CP Nongs Directors en officers

45

-

APPLICATIONS

NATIONAL AMERICAN BANK INSTALLS

COMPUTER-BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

Tom Burbank

National American Bank

200 Carondelet

New Orleans, La. 70130

A computer-based system designed to prevent un-

authorized access to high security areas has gone

into operation at National American Bank here

one of the first U.S. banks to install such a sys-

tem.

The IBM Controlled Access System (CAS) at Na-

tional American is based on the use of magnetically

encoded, wallet-sized identification cards similar

to bank credit cards.

Each

person authorized to enter a security area

is assigned a card coded with his own security num-

ber.

Employees seeking entry

to an area covered by

the system simply insert their cards into compact

reading devices on entrance doors,

and. the informa-

tion is transmitted to an IBM System/7 computer for

identification.

Stored in the computer's memory is a list of em-

ployee numbers and building areas these numbers are

designated for.

number of the card entitles

the bearer access to that area,

the computer signals

the door to unlock.

If the person is unauthorized

to enter.

the door remains closed and a security

guard is notified. The elapsed time is approximately

one second.

If a card is lost or stolen, a new card (with a

new number) is issued and the system is alerted to

deny entry to the original card." If the old card

is used, the guard is alerted.

As an additional safeguard, the system can auto-

matically log all entrance activity by individual

security code, door number, date and time of day.

This helps track who is where and for how long.

National American can now analyze the number of

times an individual enters and at what time of day

or night this activity occurs.

The system also has

built-in failsafe mechanisms which insure security

in the event of a power failure.

"Unfortunately,

we are doing business in a time

when public and

private institutions are increas-

ingly vulnerable to lawless elements,"

said National

American President Louie J. Roussel III.

"By adding

the IBM Controlled Access System to our current se-

curity procedures, we are taking a major step to in-

sure that our customers and employees are protected.

And, by

controlling access

to the

collateral instru-

ment storage areas.

we can make it very difficult

for unauthorized people to

assets stored in pee bank, "gain access to valuable

NOVA COMPUTER CHECKS STRENGTH

OF ROOF IN COAL MINE

Edgar E. Geithner

Data General Corp.

Southboro, Mass. 01772

Data General's minicomputers track hurricanes

from airplanes for the U.S. Air Force; the Army has

mounted them in helicopters; Scripps Oceanographic

Institute has one on a ship; a scientist bounces

over Canadian glaciers with one mounted in his

tracked vehicle; and an oil company uses one of the

computers to control an oilfield in the

Libyan des-

ert.

Now engineers at the University of Texas (Aus-

tin) have a minicomputer in, the bottom of a mine.

Dr. A. L. Podio, an assistant professor in the

university's Department of Petroleum Engineering,

and a team of researchers from the Center for Earth

Sciences and Engineering, use a Nova 820 computer to

detect possible weak spots in the roofs of mines.

he computer system, developed for the U.S. Bureal

of Mines, has been.on the job on the floor of Kaiser

Corporation's York Canyon coal mine in New Mexico.

" roof cheapse rege ca sa mine system was

is roof collapse." Dr. Podio said.

designed to use the principles of seismic explora-

tions to identify failure planes and fracture zones

in the rocks overlaying the mine roof. If tests

---

## Page 240

13-00000

show the area around a roof is weakening, it can be

supported by beams or roof bolts."

In seismic exploration, a high energy explosion

is set off, and sensitive instruments determine the

structure and makeup of surrounding

land by record-

ing how fast the shock waves travel through the

ground.

The waveforms can be interpreted to pin-

point probable deposits of oil, and to describe rock

formations.

"Using a large energy souce like an ex-

plosion in a mine is out of the question."

said,

Dr. Podio

"so a manually controlled impact device was

designed to generate the shock waves."

The impact

device, which works like a BB gun, uses air pressure

to shoot a round projectile at a striker plate

mounted at the end of the barrel.

When the striker plate is pressed against the

wall or roof of the mine and the device is triggered.

shock waves are sent through the surrounding rock.

The shock waves are picked up by wideband transduc-

digitized by a fast transient recorder, and

processed through the Nova 820 for waveform enhance-

ment.

The waveform is then displayed

on an oscil-

loscope,

with the results of velocity and depth cal-

culations.

Permanent records of the waveform can be

made on paper tape.

or by

transmitting the data to a

large scale remote computer.

"A mine could make daily checks with the system

to detect changes in rock strata as the working face

of the mine advances,"

"or the sys-

tem could be transported throughout the mine to make

daily checks on the condition of roofs at predeter-

Dr. Podio noted that similar

systems could be used to predict the quality of rock

in rapid excavation projects or could be used in

of large concrete structures.

PHONE BOOKS BY COMPUTER

Peter A. Cassels

Bell Telephone Laboratories

Mountain Ave.

Murray Hill, N.J. 07974

The Bell System is using computer technology to

modernize production of the White Pages telephone

books.

A system designed to improve customer serv-

ice,

control costs and streamline

massive

record-

keeping operations is now being

system

implemented.

The

called DIR/ECT (for DIRectory

projECT)

was developed by Bell Laboratories.

the research

and development unit of the Bell System.

Michigan

Bell Telephone Company recently issued its first

directory

containing listings produced by

the sys-

tem.

Michigan Bell also is using the system to

produce some of its directory assistance records.

DIR/ECT is a more sophisticated outgrowth of its

a similar process developed by

the New York Telephone Company under sponsorship of

the nationwide Bell System.

The first directory

produced by the PHOTAC system was distributed in

Since then,

New York Telephone has converted

some 4.5 million listings to the process.

the 12 major downstate White Pages directories are

The DIR/ECT system stores in a computer memory

directory information such as the customer's name.

address,

telephone number - even telephone book

delivery instructions.

The information in the com-

puter memory then is fed into a device called a

photocomposer, which provides ready-to-print list-

ings for White Pages.

Besides the annual White

Pages directories. DIRECT produces daily updates of

new listings and monthly reprints for the telephone

companies'

directory assistance operators.

Although customers may see no obvious differences

in the computer-produced directory, listings are

easier to read and pages cleaner looking.

The di-

rectories also have uniform abbreviations. The sys-

tem has built-in cross-checks for consistent spell-

ing of street names and for obvious errors in street

and telephone numbers. There also is provision for

massive directory listing changes, caused by renam-

ing of streets and buildings.

Today, listings for phone directories are gener-

ally set line-by-line in metal type.

Changes in

listings must be reset and inserted by hand.

with

the new system, changes can be made quickly (because

information is stored on magnetic computer tape and

not metal type), the need to store tons of lead type

will end,

and the growing cost of publishing direc-

tories will be lessened.

EDUCATION NEWS

M.I.T. MUSIC PROJECT USES DEC COMPUTER

News Office

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, Mass. 02139

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has be-

gun work on a project aimed at making

the Institute

a major center for the study and composition of

electronic music.

Barry Vercoe, assistant professor

of music, working with a computer given to the De-

partment of Humanities' music section by

Digital

Equipment Corp.

of Maynard, is in the early

stages

of developing a major electronic music production

facility at the Institute.

Professor Vercoe said the computer facility

"will

be a tool both in the hands of the teacher and the

composer that will greatly aid the development of

creativity.

The facility also will provide an ex-

cellent tool in the teaching of musical composition

for conventional instruments.

"This is definitely not a scientific project. I"

not interested in merely getting a

computer to sound

exactly

like a trumpet.

The technological applica-

tion, however,

will interest some students who might

not approach music otherwise and some of these will

be drawn into its aesthetic

considerations,

through

the back door as it were,"

Professor

Vercoe said.

Why compose music for a machine at all?

"I suppose someone asked that very question when

man first

composed music for what are now traditional

instruments,

instead of for

the human voice alone."

Professor Vercoe said.

"Electronic music merely ex-

pands the forces available to the practicing com-

poser."

The PDP-11/45 computer - coupled with music in-

put - also will lend itself to other forms of music

research, such as syntactic analysis of music struc-

Professor Vercoe is the author of the widely used

Music 360 language for digital sound synthesis.

He

las taught at M.I.T. for two years and is director

of the Experimental Music Studio. His work, "Seta-

morphoses for Orchestra," was given its Boston pre-

mier early this year by the M.I.T. Symphony and was

performed by the orchestra on its subsequent nation-

---

## Page 241

13-00000

wide 'tour.

Working with Professor Vercoe on the

project are Richard J. Steiger, a graduate student,

and Stephen Haflich, a recent M.I.T. graduate.

COMPOSING BY COMPUTER AT ISU

Information Service

lowa State University of Science and Technology

Ames, lowa 50010

Music composers at Iowa State University may turn

from their piano keyboards and hand-written scores

to a more efficient

instrument for composing music

- a computer.

ISU faculty members are building a

computerized electronic music studio - a system

that will technologically simplify composing elec-

tronic music.

The

studio is being designed and

built by

an interdisciplinary group from Iowa

State's music, computer science, and electrical en-

outneering

departments, under the direction of Stefan

Silverston, assistant professor of computer science.

Terry Smay, professor of electrical engineering, and

Gary White, associate professor of music.

Electronic music is

produced by

purely electronic

means and the Iowa State Computerized Music System

(ISMUS) will be doing just that

generating music

with computer equipment.

A composer will sit at the

computer and write a musical composition using an

electronic keyboard.

The

new system, which was expected to be operable

this fall, should be an easier method of modifying

and editing a musical piece.

The normal hand opera-

tions of changing

notations on a printed score or

splicing tapes of recorded music are

"more time-

consuming and inaccurate" processes for correcting

& composition, according to Gary White.

The computer composing process begins when the

composer inserts introductory

instructions into a

teletype machine.

On an electronic keyboard he then

begins to compose his piece.

The computer records

all musical instructions which are transformed

through a digital-to-analog sound converter and

loudspeaker into sound.

This immediate feedback

system enables the composer to hear what he is com-

posing simultaneously.

The computer also allows the

composer to automatically play back and edit what he

has written simply by striking another key.

The musician has now completed one

music.

"layer"

of

If he wants to add further musical instruc-

tions to the composition, he repeats the entire pro-

cess again.

All layers merge together to obtain the

product - a completed electronic composition.

The music instructions which the composer inserts

into the system are a special

electronic music nota-

tion - a

uses

can

'computer language."

The English words it

be compared to musical notation found on a

conventional score

- treble and bass clefs, notes.

rests,

and the like.

Electronic music has been used in commercial re-

and as background music for television,

radio and film.

The J'owa State system will be so-

phisticated enough for use in serious compositional

study, the production of background music for vari-

ous media, and for the demonstration of sound prop-

The ISMUS presently being built is a protytype of

a full-scale model.

If the "test-system"

Proves

satisfactory, "we will look for funding to build a

full-scale model," says White.

The project is pres-

ently supported by a $1,170 grant from Western Elec-

tric and a National Science Foundation institutional

grant of $8,698.

The prototype employs a mini-com-

puter that is owned by Iowa State.

The studio will be used as a teaching tool for

the ISU music program. Computer software.

the pro-

grams (sequences of operations to be performed by

the computer) written for the system, will be devel-

oped so a composer can use the studio equipment

without having prior knowledge of computer program-

ming.

Students will be able

to learn basic acousti-

cal concepts and principles of electronic music syn-

thesis and to develop sensitivity to timbre with the

ISMUS.

Also contributing to introductory computer

science courses,

the system will be a novel example

of computer application in a non-scientific field.

STUDENT PROGRAMS COMPUTER

FOR REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION

Edward J. Canty

Digital Equipment Corp.

Maynard, Mass. 01754

Using programs developed by a local high school

School District 91 in Idaho Falls, has put

its newly-acquired. computer to work as a "super

tutor" in remedial studies for disadvantaged child-

ren in this southeastern Idaho community.

to improve the arithmetic and language arts skills

of children in grades 2 through 6.

introduced by director of curriculum Dr. Wallace

Manning with federal Title' l aid during

trict's 1973 summer session for children largely

from rural farm families.

Christensen,

computer sciences coordinator.

project proved so successful in its initial appli-

cation that it has been continued in the fall se-

The student programmer

June graduate of Idaho Falls'

Skyline High School.

Using the district's PDP-11/20 timesharing computer

system installed last December by Digital Equipment

Corporation,

Huntsman developed programs for arith-

metic and

language drill to serve between 40 and 50

pupils on each of two teletypewriter terminals situ-

ated in local elementary schools.

In a typical arithmetic routine, the

computer

types a problem

and waits

for the pupil's response

- ten seconds if the problem is a memory exercise.

longer if it involves several

columns for addition

or several digits for multiplication.

If the stu-

dent's answer is correct,

Huntsman's program directs

the terminal to ring

a bell in

congratulation; if

incorrect, the

computer supplies a hint on where the

mistake occurred and encourages him to try again.

Answers to English and social studies workbook

questions have been entered in the computer memory,

students to do their homework at

and receive immediate response.

The computer keeps

score of right and wrong answers to produce reports

for teacher guidance.

Spelling-recognition exer-

cises are also in use and Huntsman has undertaken

development of an arithmetic program involving frac-

"One of the computer's major advantages is its

ability to pay attention to individual children."

Christensen said.

"Every child enrolled in the

programs."

ants will continue to write instructional programs

or elementary and junior high levels, expanding the

library begun by Huntsman. For future summer ses-

---

## Page 242

13-00000

sions.

he added, the district hopes to make such

computer assistance available at a nearby rural ele-

mentary school attended by children of migrant farm

workers.

RESEARCH FRONTIER

'TALKING" BALLPOINT PEN UNDER DEVELOPMENT

Ronald 1. Deutsch

Stanford Research Institute

Menlo Park, Calif, 94025

A prototype model of a simple, inexpensive "talk-

1ng"

ballpoint pen.

under development at Stanford

Research Institute (SRI), could reduce massive pa-

perwork and delay in routine business transactions.

The pen is similar to an ordinary pen in size and

Shape except that it

is wired

to a computer system.

he computer is programmed to receive signals gener-

ated instantaneously as a person hand-prints charac-

ters with the pen to record information.

"Such instantaneous and remote processing of data

might be invaluable to large businesses engaged in

surance companies and utilities,

daily consumer oriented services" says staff scien-

such as banks, in-

tist Dr.

Hewitt

Crane,

the

inventor.

For exam-

ple, the pen could be used by a bank teller credit-

ing a savings or checking account.

In this case,

according

to Dr. Crane, the data would not have to

be retranscribed from

a piece of paper by

another

employee,

or the paper itself put through expensive

automatic reading equipment.

lays

Thus, costs and de-

could be

reduced in crediting accounts or es-

tablishing cash requirements.

In another case, a meter reader making his rounds

for a utility

could use the pen in combination with

a cassette recorder.

fice,

When he returned to his of-

the

system,

cassette tape would be programmed into the

thus eliminating the need for manual re-

transcription of a day's worth of data.

In the present laboratory version, the pen is

hooked to an audio unit as well as a teleprinter,

so that as a person writes,

the characters appear on

the teleprinter and are spoken by the audio unit.

SRI holds a patent on the pen and is currently

seeking financial

support for further development,

Dr.

Crane says.

He estimates that the pen itself

might cost about $25 to $50.

A central computer

unit would be extra but could serve many pens.

MISCELLANEOUS

ICCP NAMES DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

Paul M. Pair, Secretary & Chairman

Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals

P.O. Bx 1442

Chicago, III. 60690

At a meeting in late September, the incorpora-

tors of the Institute for Certification of Computer

professionals, Chicago, Ill., adopted bylaws for

the newly-formed organization and named a board of

directors which, in turn, held its first meeting and

elected officers. The ICCP is the outgrowth of over

resentars es intensive preparat societ study by pri-

resentatives of major computing societies.

mary focus is the enhancement of certification ac-

LOOK

UN FREQUENG:

andir-requen

INSTRUMENT

arago

Côi

tivities in the

computing industry. It was incor-

porated August 13, 1973.

Elected as officers by the board of directors

wEre:

President - John K. Swearingen, Computer Sei-

ences Corp.,

Las Vegas, Nev., representing

Data Processing Management Association (DPNA).

Vice President - Fred H. Harris,

University of

Chicago, Association for Computing Nachinery.

Treasurer - William S. Eick, Alexander Grant

& Co., Chicago, Association of Computer Pro-

grammers and Analysts.

Secretary - Paul M. Pair, Control Data Institute,

Chicago, Association for Educational Data

Systems.

Ten professional societies participated in the

organization of ICCP and are eligible for charter

membership. Of these,

seven have exercised their

right to such membership, and are entitled to two

members on the ICCP board.

The seven charter mem-

bers are:

Association of Computer Programmers and

Analysts: Society of Certified Data Processors: As-

sociation for Computing Machinery: Association for

Educational Data Systems; Society of Professional

Data Processors: Data Processing Management Associ-

ation: and Automation l Association.

The other three associations eligible for charter

membership are: Canadian Information Processing So-

ciety, the Computer Society of the Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Society

of Data Educators. They are expected to act before

the end of 1973.

(please turn to page 47)

---

## Page 243

13-00000

NEW CONTRACTS

FROM

10

Sanders Associates, Inc.,

Nashua,

N.H.

ITT Creed Limited,

Great Britain

Univac Div., Sperry Rand

Corp., Blue Bell, Pa.

Computer Sciences Corp.,

El Segundo, Calif.

ellesley Hills, Mass

Computer Sciences Corp.,

El Segundo, Calif.

Philco-Ford Corp.

Willow Grove, Pa.

Raytheon Data Systems,

Norwood, Mass.

National Cash Register

Co., Dayton, Ohio

Computer Sciences Corp.,

El Segundo.

Calif.

Interdata,

Inc..

Oceanport, N.J.

McDonnell Douglas Autonation

Co. (MCAUTO).

St. Louis, Mo.

Informatics Inc., Western Div..

Canoga Park, Calif.

Logicon, Inc., Torrance,

Calif.

IRW Inc., Redondo Beach,

Calff.

anadi

British Post Office

Auzo Tell Services, Inc.,

Villanova, Pa.

Naminist eron ASs, and Space

National Aeronautics and Space

Administracion (NASA)

U.S. Army Electronics Command,

Fastern Air Lines, lian),

Publix Super Markets, Inc.,

Lakeland.

Fla.

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA)

DATRAN (Data Transmission Co.).

Vienna, Va.

Buffums

Southern California

Illinois Bell Telephone Co.,

Chicago, Ill.

U.S. Air Force

Los Angeles County Road

Department (LACRD), Calif.

Systems Engineering Labora-

tories, Inc., Et. Lauderdale,

Boeing Conmercial Airplane

Co., Renton, Wash.

Atlantic Research Corp.,

Alexandria, Va.

Bunker Ramo Corp., Trumbull,

Conn.

Collins Radio Co.. Dallas.

Texas

lablo Systems, Inc.

ubsidiary of Xerox Corp

Hayward, Calif.

RI Systems Corp.. Austin

Texas

Singer Simulation Products.

Div. of Singer Co.

Manufacturing Technology Div.,

A.F. Materials Labs..

Patterson AFB.

Ohio

wright

Arkansas State Educational

Television Commission

Reliance Federal Savings &

of New York

U.S. Air Force

Wang Laboratories, Tewks-

bury, Mass.

U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,

Washingron, D.C. and New

FOR

AMOUNT

Display system segment of Canadian Joint En-

18.6 million

route Terminal System (JETS) Program: first

phase consists of seven Enroute and two

Terminal Systems for air traffic control

6000 machines - teleprinters and associ- sil million

ated equipment - to beused mainly for

Telex customer-to-customer teleprinter

1100 Univac DC7-515 Data Communications Ter-

minals to be used by automobile dealers who

subscribe to ATS services on-line computer-

Computer services support 10 Simulator Com-

$6.7 million

puter System Branch at Ames Research Center,

tion and Computing Service) system,

Engineering and related services to NASA's

Wallops Island. Va.

hancement Program,

Mormouth, N.J., and Fort Det-

Data display terminals and associated equip-

volving a total of 357 NCR 255 terminals

and 30 NCR 726 in-store mini computers

120 NCR 250 free-standing electronic cash

Inalysis and programming services to Lang.

Ley Research Center.

Dual processor Model 55 data communications

concentrators, with software and technical

support, for an incormation network DATRAN

1s designed and installing on a turnkey basis

for International Brotherhood of Teamsters

Computer processing of

includes accounts payable, receivables,

Design and applications programming sup-

port for a new pavroll/personnel system

sile flight safety (MFS) software used on

western test range of Space and Missile Test

Center (SANTEC) , Vandenberg AFB, Calif.

Integrated Information Manage-

ment (IIMS): 10 subsystems cover account-

tracts, and projects, inventory control.

production and performance, and

ventory information

Central control and simulation element of

a Nuclear Plant Simulator for Carolina

Power & Light Co.. Raleigh, N.C.

Air Force Computer Aided Manu-

facturing (AFCAM) master plan

Engineering studies and detailed plans for

four new ETC (Educational Television) sta-

Lions, and an interconnecting micronave network

31 BR 2001 Universal Teller Terminals for

teller stations inall nine Reli-

ance offices; terminals will be

highspeed communications circuits to a

Univac 9480 computer

Continuing development of systems and equip- .

ment for the U.S.

munication System (AFSATCOM); eventual pro-

duction awards, depending upon Air Force re-

series no disk drives to be incorporatio

Into Wang's new line of mini computer systems

Lease of SYSTEM 2000 for Farm management ap-

plications: at least nine SYSTEM 2000 data

---

## Page 244

13-00000

NEW INSTALLATIONS

oF

Burroughs B 4700 system

Walter E. Heller & Co., Chicago,

Control Data CYBER 70 dodel 74

system

Century Research Center Corp.

Contfol Data CYBER 70 Model 76

system

Conzrol Data 3150 system

IBM System/370 Model 155 system

IBM System/370 Model 168 system

cape man de service

Ingalls Iron Works Co.. Birming-

Princeton Listed, Willondale,

Interdata Model 70 systems

NCR Century 101 system

NCR Century 200 system

NGR Century 251 system

Univac 1106 system

U.S. Army Electronics Conmand,

Fort Monmouth, N.J.

(2 systems)

Radyne Limited,

Great Britain

Green Shield Trading Stamp Com-

pany of Edgware. Colindale, Englan

columbia EDP Centers. Inc.

Columbia. Mo.

British Gas Corp., Hinckley.

England

niversity of Connecticut Medical

Center, Farmington, Conn

Univac 1210 system

Pacific International Computing

Corp., Gaithersburg, Md.

Dnivac 9480 system

Reliance Federal Savings & Loan

Asso, of New York, Jamaica, N.Y.

Across the Editor's Desk - Continued from page 45

IFIP CONGRESS 74 TRAVEL GRANTS

P. E. Welch

U.S. Committee for IFIP Congress 74

Box 426

New Canaan, Conn. 06840

The National Science Foundation-will support a

travel grant program for attendance at IFIP Congress

74 to be held August 5-10, 1974, in Stockholm.

The

triennial IFIP (International Federation for Infor-

mation Processing) Congresses have become the major

International media for exchange of information

among developers and users of information processing

techniques and technology.

The first of two B4700 systems (which are included

in a five-system order) to be installed al CUG's

North-west London.

(entire 5 computer system order valued at $4.3

Providing internal processing speed to keep pace

with continued growth of data processing operations:

system will allow expansion without reprograming or

replaces two Burroughs B3500 sustems

Increasing CRC's processing capabilities to include

speed communication line control devices, and offer

a wide range of services to various types of users:

will be connected to a previously installed

(system valued at $3 million)

Upgrading weather forecasting facilities throughout

the country: system installed at Canadian Meteoro-

(system valued at So. 3 million)

Expanding autonated design activities: system will

operate in conjunction with a previously installed

CDC 3150 to support CONSTRUCTS, an automated en-

gineering design software package

Linking with university's IBY System 360 Model 91

to significantly expand a variety of dala proces-

The first of two systems that will more than double

current batch processing

capability to provide for transaction-oriented ter-

minals; replaces Model

165 currently in use

(systems valued at $12 million)

experiments involving

automated tactical

surveillance and target acquisition

An advanced inventory

management and control system

(system valued at $6.3 million)

Expansion of automated stock control system for ils

gift houses and new Argos chain of catalog. showrooms.

General data processing services to a variety

customers including several banks

Assistance in controlling National Grid pipeline by

performing forward simulations on a real-time.

round-the-clock-basis; in addition.

system will act

as a service bureau to scientific and engineering

departments within the Corporation

All aspects of Medical Center's work including pa-

tient admissions, monitoring patient care.

schedul-

ing outpatient appointments, support of library in-

formation and research statistical programs.

and

general accounting and payroll processing chores

The rem valued a 51. 3mm 111se)

of two systems whose primary applications

include project management,

engineering and busi-

ness data processing; the system will also include

time-sharing capability as well as remore job entry

from terminals in the field

Faster customer service at any bank branch

The Division of Mathematical Sciences of the Na-

tional Research Council will administer the program

and award grants to qualified people from the lnited

States whose accomplishments in and potential con-

tributions to the

field of information processing

re most noteworthy, regardless of the formal label:

or their specialties.

Younger members of the information science com-

Alchison of

Applications may be obtained through the Math Di-

vision, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

20418.

Applications must be received on or before

December 31, 1973.

---

## Page 245

13-00000

MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS

Neil Macdonald

Survey

Editor

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

The following is a

summary made by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION of re-

The following abbrevlations apply:

ports and estimates of the number of general purpose digital computers

manufactured and installed, or to be manufactured and on order.

These

(A) - authoritative figures, derived essentially from information

figures are mailed to individual computer manufacturers quarterly for

their Infornation and

review,

the manufacturer directly to COMPUTERS AND

and for any

updating or comments they

AUTOMATION

nay care to provide.

Please note the variation an

dates and relia-

- figure 18

combined in a total

billty of

confire,

the information.

A few manufacturers

refuse to give out,

(1) -

acknowledgment is

given to DP Focus, Marlboro, Mass., for

or couvent on any tagures.

Her hero 11

estimating many of these figures

= laura surer

figure estimated by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION

Pare 1 of the Monthly Computer Census

contains reportg for United

States manufactuters,

A to H, and is published in January, April, July,

and October.

Part 2 contain:

reports for United States

wадulасlur0r81

1 to 14l

and is published in February,

gars

3 contains reports

for

May,

August,

and November.

manufacturers outside of the United States

and 18 pustigned in March, dume,

September,

and December,

• refuses to rive any

figures on number of in

stallations or of orders,

and refuses to coument in any

on those numbers

stated here

(R) - figures derived all or in part from information released

indirectly

likely to be

(5) =

gources

by

the

manufacturer, or fron reports by other

sale only,

and sale

(not rental) price is stated

I census seeks to include all deital comouters manufactured any.

herer- We invite all manufacturers

located anywhere co

submit infor

that would help nake these figures as accurate and complete as

pos810.e.

-- 1.

• lonzer in

-

I producerot

Information not obtained at press time and/or nos released

vy wanurecture.

SUMMARY AS OF OCTOBER 15, 1973

NAME OF

MANUFACTURER

art 2. United States Manufacture:

NAME OF

COMPUTER

WAY US

FIRST

INSTALLATION

AVERAGE OR RANGE

OF MONTHLY RENTAL

$(000)

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS

Outside

U.S.A.

In

World

NUMBER OF

UNFILLED

ORDERS

IBM

N.Y.

(Oct.

1973;

305

12/57

15

18

55

In

U.S.A.

•0-t55586-968818688

up

..$.. 9085808,55.

Interdata

Oceanport, N.J.

(1)

(Oct. 1973)

---

## Page 246

13-00000

NAME OF

MASUFACTURER

Irvine,

(A) (SEPt. 1973)

may on, (ot. 1973)

Phil co

#111ow Grove, Pa

by co. 1959) a co.

Norwood

, Mass

(A) (July 1973)

Scandard Computer Corp.

8 Angere

Callf.

› (June 197)

Sy tene leineer Laboratorles

Lauderdale,

Juston, Te:

• (June 1973

IVAC Div. of Sperry Re

ue Bell, F

(A) (Aug, 1973)

UNIVAC - Series 70

Blue

Bell,

(A) (Feb.

1993)

Varian Data Machines

Newport Beach,

Callf.

(A) (Mar, 1973)

Data Syetem

gundo, Callf

(R) (Oct. 1973)

DATE OF

FIRST

INSTALLATION

12/70

12/68

12/71

315

315 RM

390

500

251

3/72

12/72

6/69

250

640

*%o3

704

706

Ов

960

960A

980

980A

10/58

1/63

12/60

3/64

10/67

3/70

5/69

12/68

5/67

8/70

5/72

5-66/9-68

8-72/9-71

1-72/6-70

11/71

5/68

6/72

9/67

II

9/65

3/51 & 11/57

8/56

5/60

11/2,

1004/5,

1050, SS80/90

601

3301

Spectra 70/15, 25

Spectra 70/35

Spectra 70/45

Spectra 70/46

Spectra 70/55

Spectra

70/60

Spectra 70/61

70/2

0/3

3100:888

66

R-6201

520/DC, 5201

/2-000

11/70

UTRAME OK

RANGE

OF MONTHLY

RENTAL

$ (000)

NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS

In

• СРЕ 685686-000550. 058-58 B686 300

FY

ORDERS

1442

3505

MatuRE, E85885...

18,a8S,Qx5RE9685898800, Estra

---

## Page 247

13-00000

CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS

Nov. 28-30,

1973:

1st Annual Systems Engineering Conference,

Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact:

Technical Ser-

vices, AllE, 25 Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071

Doc. 4-5, 1973: 1973 Vehicular Technology Conference, Sheraton-

Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio / contact:

Robert Wylie, Motorola

Communications, Inc., 12955 Snow Rd., Cleveland, OH 44130

Dec. 6-8, 1973: National Symposium on Computer Applications in

the Juvenile Justice System, Marriott Motor Hotel, Atlanta, Ga. /

contact:

Lawrence A. Boxerman, Project Dir., National Council

of Juvenile Court Judges, Univ. of Nevada, Box 8000, Reno, NV

89507

Doc $11.

1973:

Computer Architecture, Flagler Inn & Reitz

Union, Gainesville, Fla. / contact: G. Jack Lipovski, 229 Larsen

tall, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601

83п. 16-18, 1974:

3rd Annual AllE-MHI Seminar, Marriott Motor

Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Technical Services, AlIE, 25

Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071

de. 16-19,

1974:

Internepcon/Japan

4, Harumi Conventio

Center, Tokyo,

Japan / contact:

dustrial & Scientific Con

Mgmt., Inc., 222 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60606

Feb. 12.14, 1974:

Computer Science Conference, Detroit Hilton,

Detroit,

Mich. / contact:

Seymour J. Wolfson,

Computer

Science Section, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202

Feb. 1315, 1974: International Solid State Circuits Conference,

Univ. of Penna., Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Vir-

gil Johannes,

Bell Labs.,

Room 3E331,

Holmdel, NJ 07733

Feb. 1922, 1974: 3rd Annual National Communications Week

Convention, Chase-Park Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. / contact:

David C.

Brotemarkle, Communications Systems Management

Assoc., 1102 West St., Suite 1003, Wilmington, DE 19801

Feb. 2628, 1974:

Computer Conference (COMPCON), Jack Tar

Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact:

Jack Kuehler, IBM Corp.

P 35, Bldg, 025, Monterey & Cottle Rds., San Jose,

CA 95114

Mar. 25-29, 1974: JEEE International Convention (INTERCON),

Coliseum & Statier

Hilton Hotel,

New York,

N.Y. / contact:

J. H. Schumacher, IEEE, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017

April 3, 1974:

Minicomputers - Trends and Applications, Nat'l

Bureau of Standards,

Gaithersburg, Md. / contact:

Harry Hay-

man, 738 Whitaker Ter., Silver Spring, MD 20901

April 8-11, 1974: Computer Aided Design, Int'l Conference & Ex-

hibition, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, England / con-

tact: Inst. of Civil Engrs., Great George St., Westminster, Lon-

don SW1, England

April 911, 1974: Optical Computing Symposium, Zurich, Switzer-

land / contact: Samuel Horvitz, Box 274, Waterford, CT 06385

April 21-24, 1974: International Circuits & Systems Symposium,

Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: L. O.

Chua, Dept.

of

EE, Univ. of

Calif.. Berkeley, CA 94720

lay 13-17, 1974: International Instruments, Electronic and Auric

nation Exhibition, Olympia, London, England / contact: Indu

June 25-28, 1974: 1974 Annual International Conference & Busi-

ness Exposition, Minneapolis, Minn. / contact: Data Processing

Management Assoc., 505 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068

ly 15-19, 1974: 1974 Conference on Frontiers in Educati

ty University, London, England / contact: Conf. Dept., Ins

tution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London, England

WC2R OBL

July 2378 1979: C, Siv PLy London, WE odo, England

/ contact:

Aug. 5-10, 1974: IFIP Congress 7A, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stock-

holm, Sweden / contact: U.S. Committee for IFIP Congress 74,

Box 426, New Canaan, CT 06840

Aug. 5-10, 1974: Medinfo 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stockholm,

Sweden / contact:

Frank E. Heart, Bolt Beranek and Newman,

Inc., 50 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA 02138

Aug. 21-23, 1974: Engineering in the Ocean Environment Interna-

tional Conf., Nova Scotian Hotel, Halifax, Nova Scotia / contact:

O. K. Gashus, EE Dept., Nova Scotia Tech. Coll., POB 100, Hali-

fax, N.S., Canada

ADVERTISING INDEX

Following is the index of advertisements.

Each item

contains: product / name and address of the adver-

tiser / name of the agency, if any / page number

where the advertisement appears.

COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION / Computers and Auto-

mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /

ELECTRONIC RESEARCH CORP., 7618 Wedd, Overland

Park, KS 66204 / ERC Advertising / page 45

INSTRUCTIONAL FACULTY OPENINGS / College of

Petroleum & Minerals, c/o Saudi Arabian Educational

Mission, 880 Third Ave.-17th Floor, New York, NY

THE NOTEBOOK ON COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY

AND ADVANCED / published by Computers and Auto-

mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 /

RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today,

pressway, Dallas, TX 75206

y 6-10, 1974: 1974 National Computer Conference & Expo

on, McCormick Place, Chicago, IlI. / contact: Dr. Stephen

Yau, Computer Sciences Dept., Northwestern University, Evans-

ton. IL 60201

tonville, MA 02160 / pages 24, 25

WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING

/ jointly published by Quadrangle/New York Times

Book Co., and Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washing-

ton St.. Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 51

---

## Page 248

13-00000

"WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS

AND DATA PROCESSING"

EDITION 5.2 = 5th EDITION + 2 SUPPLEMENTS ALREADY ISSUED

THE MOST ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS

IN COMPUTERS

AND DATA PROCESSING

ARE

PEOPLE

Who are they?

What do they do?

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## Page 250

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It's the first lie detector that

can be used on a dead

man. It works on tapes and

other voice recordings

by George O'Toole

Assassination Tapes

The rulers of the state are the only ones who should have the privilege of lying, either

at home or abroad; they may be allowed to lie for the good of the state.

-Plato: The Republic, Book Three

It's a little frightening.

The machine can listen to what you're saying and tell, with

a high degree of reliability, whether or not you are lying. It's called the Psychological

Stress Evaluator, and it is, in eitect, a lie detector. Unlike the polygraph, it needs

no physical connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge.

It works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape, sound track or phonograph

record is fair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on

a dead man.

Early this year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use

it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President

John F. Kennedy. I set about collecting every recording I could lay my hands on

of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon I had compiled the tape-

recorded testimony of twenty-two persons-eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the

pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission,

Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Earl Warren.

I ran the tapes through the PSE systematicaily, taking each controversial point in

turn. Did the rifle which belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy?

Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo-

graphs which the Warren Commission never saw-do they support the Commission's

lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself?

Did its members conspire to cover up the truth?

Slowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture I expected. Not

all the details are there, but I guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory

of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark

Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong.

The PSE is not a crystai ball. It was invenied as an interrogation aid, a function

it performs well. To my knowledge.

this was the first instance of its use as a tool

for historical research. To understand what I did with the PSE, one should know some-

thing about the device itself.

former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several years ago to form

key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and

small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices

lo a miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McQuiston is one of the foremost polygraph

experts in the U.S., a specialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualified locksmith

---

## Page 251

13-00000

• The PSE grew from an ettort to imprave

Standard poiygraphs

casur for taracles. pulse blood pras-

re, respiration and perspiiation. Soine

so mas 19 additional physioicaca':.

The mire variables measures.

Mei rebie lne polygraph.

Buil and ive Quision discovered inai the

quencies composing the human voice

a not fixed: they shit! vory sightly iron

gh: to fourieen times every second. But

er. the speaker is under stress. this nor-

al frequenc; modulation disappears.

lai rerais are ina pure component tre-

encies of ine voice. And a sirong indica-

n that the speaker is lying.

The lio men coveloped a device :o

test ins cranemenon ana olanned io use

as an additionai "channel" on ine poly.

ach. Thensane; discovered trai the new

riabie vas so teriaole and accurata a

rasure o psychological stress inere was

ally no ness to measure the other poly-

Freed from the necessity of strapping ihe

bject inio a trair, stretening a pneumo-

aphic tube across his enest. giving elec-

des to his wens and cramoing his arm

n a blood-pressure cuif. the PSE proved

be much more versatile than the poly-

aph. Because it can work from a tele-

one or tape recorder. the PSE can be

ed without the knowiedge or even the

ysical presence of the subject.

l asked Colone: Beli to tell me about some

the things ine PSE was being used for.

pecially cases in which a conventional

lygraph couldn't be used. He mentioned

it the police in Howard County, Maryland,

ve been using the PSE for iwo years; they

ve had great success in establishing the

locence of suspects who were afraid to

bmitto a polygraph examination because

that machine's forbidding aspect.

Bell went on to describe some of his

cention's oiner uses, actual or potential.

ktor and the Federal government are ex-

• sring its use as a defense against skyjack-

) and telephoned bomb threats, and as

neans of speeding up customs inspec-

ns. Some dectors and psychiatrists are

ing PSEs to study patients' physica' and

intal stress. The National Committee to

restigate Aerial Phenomena, a private

sup triat investigates UFO reports,

w using the PSE to interview witnesses

asked Bell it he would lend me a PSE

experiment with, in order to write a piece

out the device. He agreed, with two con-

ions. First. I must take Dektor's three-day

arse in coeraiing the instrument; second.

er using the PSE.

I must review my

erpretation of its output with his staff, in

interesi of accuracy. This seemed rea-

sable, so l agreed.

he course was held in the meeting room

a Holiday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia.

= eight other students were employees

customers who had purchased the

vice. These included a private detective

enov in Pennsvivania. a New York chain

siore, and the security service of an East

Airican country. The instructor was Mixe

polygraph inteirogation, which applies tu

There in, first of ail, the matier of

Kradz a crinirologist and carred police

ollicer. eradz projects le lough-cop

Most peopie, Kradz pointed out, have

image, but rets a living tental to ihe Po-

some sort di beau secret they dca! var!

on joke. There is nanire duou: corensic

known. Wharraced.the polygraph axaini-

science.fromfingerprintstanc'ygreohy.on

nation. a persor may be more sorcemed

vinich the man is rot an expert.

jai this ouiside issue may come to lighi

The ties: inorning of the course was

man he is aboui the aciual substance of

devoted to the physical ceraton ol the

the interrogation. This can produce irreie-

PSE. The device is used in eoniuncion din

vant stress in some of nis answers. ansi mis-

a Uhertape recorder. which.hüsfour speeds

lead the examiner. Therefore it is is neces-

and can du manually wound baci to locate

sary for the examine: lo interview ine sub-

a particular point on the tape. The testimony

ject before the examination, go over ali of

to be evaluated is recordad a! a lape speed

the questions he intends to ask. and assure

of 712 irches per second. them piayed bac

the subjecthe will ask only these questions

and stopped at the beginning of ine uter-

I had reason to remember this later, when

ance in question. The recorcer is slowed

I ran my first real interrogation tape.

to 15 16 inches per second and piayed. The

The interrogation always includes the

sound, no longer recognizable as a human

question. "Are you afraid that I will ask you

voice. is a long. low rumble

about something we have not discussed?"

The PSE itself is built into an attaché case.

A negative answer with no sign of stress

The case opens to reveal a chart arive. sim-

eliminates the outside issue problem. Also,

ilar to an electrocardiograph, and a number

the examiner alwey's asks some innocuous

oi buttons and knobs. A singie cable con-

questions, such as.

"Do you like the color

nects the PSE to the tape recorder.

blue?" in order do observe the subject's

As the tape recorder reels siowly turn,

general state of tension. And there is always

and a rumble issues from its speaker. the

one "red-herring" question.

The red herring is used to identity the

the styius dances back endifor across "guilt complex responder." Such a person

the moving chart paper, leaving behind a

ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped,

shows stress when he responds to any

the chart paper is stopped, and that's all

accusatory question. The examiner may

there is to it. The result is a strip of paper

ask, "Did you steal the watch?" when it is

with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the

money, not a waich, that is missing. A

stressed denial will alert the examiner, who

On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz

carefully compares this response to the

showed us what to look for. The unstressed

stress produced by questions about the

voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with

stalks of different heights sticking up (and

down) at irregular intervals. But add some

and that hedge begins to look

trimmed. The greater the stress, the

the more I doubted

the official account of

what happened

that day in Dallas

That night the class was given tapes of

real police interrogations. In most cases,

Kradz was the examiner; and in every case.

he knew the background and resolution of

the matter. One case I was assigned con-

cerned a young man accused of stealing

money from his father's store. Kradz started

by asking the "outside-issue" question. No.

the young man replied, he was not afraid

Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't

discussed. Then the following exchange

"Do you live in Howard County?"

"Do you suspect someone of having taken

smoother the shape. It the subject was

experiencing the hard stress which accom-

"Are you wearing a white shirt?"

panies deception, the over-all outline of tile

figure tends to take on a rectangular shape.

"Do you know who took the money?"

a concertina as seen by the piayer. Kradz

showed slide after slide of chars made dur-

"Are you wearing a ring?"

ing actual police interrogations. He told us

"Yes."

the background of each case and pointed

out the tell-tale signs of deception, when-

"Did you take the money?"

ever they were present.

There were a few red-herring questions

•That night each student took a PSE back to check for the guilt complex response.

to his room to practice operating it. Some

The questions about wearing a white shirt

coordination must be learned to become and aring and living in Howard County had

facile in handling the recorder and the PSE, been included to measure the background

but clearly the difficult part of the course stress elicited by irrelevant issues.

would be learning how to read and interpret

I ran the tape and charted it on the PSE.

the charts.

All but two of his responses were un-

The nexi dav wa learned the thenru af stresser the muestion ahput arenartina

---

## Page 252

13-00000

s.look the money produced enough thai the speaker had told the truth. However, I hoped that Jim Garrison would prove that

iss to indicate deception. The other

since interrogation with a PSE seemed to

he had solved the mystery. He didn't. Time

estion which produced stress was. "Are

require such an elaborate aric structured

passed. public interest waned, and the

wearing a ring?' In fact. his yes to that

situation, I wondered if it could be used

details of the controversy dimmed in my

¿ accompanied by such stress as I had

the way l had hoped, as a tool for historical

in only once or twice in the class slides.

research.

mind, leaving oniy a dull residue of doubt.

I had despaired of ever learning the truth.

he next morning Krade called on me.

During the lunch break I took Kradz aside

Now I know what to do with the PSE.

! the suspect take the money, he asked.

and asked him. Could the PSE be used out-

It was all there: the statements made

lid I didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did

side inierrogations, where the speaker was

before television cameras by eyewitnesses.

suspec! whe look the money? Yes.I

telling what may or may not have hap-

policemen. medical examiners, members

ught he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did

pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used

of the Warren Commission.

Somewhere in

stice anything eise about the interroga-

for that. Where there was no siress. I could

a network-television vault were the sound

1? Well, yes, there was this business be confident that the speaker was telling

tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in

out the ring. Perhaps the suspect had

the truth. However, when I did find stress,

voice frequency that could settle once and

ien it. Kradz smiled. No, the kid hadn't I had to be very careful about reaching con-

for all the question.

"Did Oswaid, acting

en the ring, but he was gay. He had clusions about its cause; it could result trom

alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?"

hanged rings with another guy. Nobody something other than deception. But if I

My immediate problem was getting

SOUND

NO EVIDENCE

OF

ANY KIND

Voice prints by the

Psychological Stress Evaluator

of former chief justice

Earl Warren in May, 1972

indicating hard stress on

the words "no evidence."

THAT THERE WAS ANY

- CONSPIRACY

kror

w about it. The kid didn't really expeci found a stress patter in the testirony of

access to the recordings. I was certain the

se asked about it, because Kradz had

several witnesses to the same event, I would

television networks would have them, but

le over all the questions with him. Still, very probably have uncovered deception.

I wasn't sure exactly what to ask for. There

en the ring was mentioned, he panicked

Encouraged, I reviewed the list of recent

must be thousands of hours of sound

sy the third day of the course, I had begun mysteries.

Watergate was, of course, the

recordings relating to the assassination.

give some thought to what I might do first to come to mind. The ITT aifair was

Where, among all this talk, was the critical

1 the PSE. I was particularly interested

also of recent interest. The Kent State inci-

ve fact that the device works from a tape dent had never been fully cleared up. But

I started digging and soon discovered

ording. Sound-recording technology is one subject seemed to loom above all the the existence of a group called the National

lost a century old (Edison invented the rest--the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Committee to Investigate Assassinations.

nograph in 1877), and an enormous

Like many others, I have found it difficult

located in Washingion, D.C. I called the

Junt of history is stored on phonograph to believe the Warren Report. When Mark

number listed in the telephone directory

ords. sound tracks, and taze and wire Lane's book came out, I read it carefully.

and was soon speaking to Bob Smith, the

ordings. I thought how many press con- I read much of the other criticism of the

Committee's Research Director. I told Smith

ences, interviews and public pronounce- Warren Commission's findings. The more

that i was a writer and wanted to do a piece

its are stored away in the film and tape I read, the more I doubted the official ac-

on the John F. Kennedy assassination. 1

hives of the world, and how many ques- count of what happened that day in Dallas.

asked him for an interview, and he agreed.

is could be settled if we knew for certain I waited for the real story lo emerge. It didn't.

We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster-

---

## Page 253

rect. With others I have been compleisly

soundtrack iflivould pay for the dubbing

unable to identify the right number The charges. I told lhom to go ahead.

Sanssination Tapes

problem with this game, 's that the player

Next I played ina Lomas-Lebler tace.

knows that it is just that. He knows that l Apparendy Mark Lane had beer on ar

kroine = ying, it is a socially accepiable eariier Lomar program, and row Liedier

situation and inere is noining at stake. The

was on to rebui him. I didn'treed ine PSE

stress wnion accompanies real deception

to now thai Liebier was siressed He

seemed very agrated. and his breaking

I nhtaine? a tace recording irom 03S

audibiy proica.edmisiersion. hewescogry

Id. a successiut criminal lawyer and

ector di ine Committee, in a modern.

ce building a lei blocks from the White

use. Fengierrald is a smail. dapper man

h a thin beard. Smith is a lean, intense

Boin men appeared to be

Naws of a portion of a Sixty Minutes program

about the things Lane had said. the sues-

in nich Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford

"ons Lomax was asking him. and ine reac-

irving. The interviaw took place during the

tien oi the studio audience. Given his higry

heighi of the controversy, while Irving was

emotional state. he did no! seem a very

stili claiming lo have gotten Howard

promising subject for the PSE. Nonetheiess.

Hughes lite story through a series of inter- I decided to give it a try.

views with the billionaire. li was a consum-

Charting a tape with the PSE is a long

Before we segin. "Isaid."I think I shouid

intion that i bees to work for the ClA."

have rur acress it often, the theory thai

• Cia kias Kernedy. It seems absyra

me. and luca: seieve it. I worked there

three years and never sai or reard any-

rg sugges. the Agency was involved

the assasa -aron. I never met anyone

ire l thoug: cases'e of doing it. Stil.

ave learnes trough bitter expenerce of

i suspicion thie" attaches to former in-

ligence officers Epidamies of paranoia

d to accomsey us inrough life. I thought

better get ha: ssue out of the way.

Fansterwald exchanged

inces and sailed. Fenstenvald told me.

it they did not recessarily believe the ClA

sassin theory. and they certainly didn't

nd talking to a forme: Agency employee.

Relieved. I began to outline my project.

sked if they had heard of the PSE. Both

in were dimiy aware of it. I described

device and stated to detail the way it

uld be used as a research tool. They im-

diately understood whai i was proposing

d were tremendously enthusiastic. Yes.

ty said, there were many key statements

tape somewhere. and they would be glad

compile specific references for me.

rthermore, they could, in some cases.

side me with the tape. They said they

uld be in contact when they had some-

mate job of lying. embellished with such and tedious process. ard it was impracticai

convincing details as irving's disagreement

to chart the entire program. ! ran some of

with his colleague Susskind about whether

Liebler's statemenis which were not in dis.

Hughes kect his organic prures in a paper

pute and discovered, as I had expected.

or a piastic bag. Sixty idlinutes re-ran the

a great deal of stress. He was pretty

segment after Irving's confession because charged up.

the man's sheer virtuosity as a prevaricaior

Most of the exchange between Liebler.

was amazing. I was interested in the inter- Lomax and the audience was argumenta-

view for a different reason: at the height tive and did not deal with specific factuat

of the controversy. Irving had been given

points. I found two key statements by Lied-

a poiygraph examination anc had passed

ler, though, and I charted them.

it. I wanted to see if the man who had beaten

The first statement, in response to a ques-

the conventional lie detector could also

tion by Lomax, was. "I have no doubt about

the conclusions of the [Warren] Report."

I selected a point in the interview at which

Plenty of stress was evident. but not much

Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not

more than in other statements.

interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap-

The second statement related to those

pened on some transcripis of Hughes state-

Warren Commission documents which were

ments. Irving asked how he could have hap-

not included in the Report-they were

pened on them. Wallace rejoined

locked up in the National Archives. Lomax

did you happen on those transcripts?" Irv-

asked Liebler it there was anything in the

"I got the transcripts from

documents which would alier Liebler's

Howard Hughes." I charted this statement

opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange

question, since Liebler had seen the docu-

It was a perfect example of total stress,

ments and, if they would alter his opinion.

horizontally blocked, with the smooth,

they would already have done so. Lomax

"trimmed-hedge" wave form. Clifford Irving

probably meant to ask if the documents

was a master liar, and he had beaten the

would contlict with the conclusions of the

polygraph, but he would have been caught Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought

the question meant, he answered quickly.

A few days after our first meeting, 1

"Oh. none, none at all." The PSE showed

received a call from Bob Smith. He had

much more stress here than during any of

turned up a few things for me. I visited him

Liebler's other statements.

at the Committee's office in downtown

It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and

While I was waiting, I experimented with

• PSE. ! teiephoned a friend and loid him

out the device. I asked if he was willing

play a little game to test it out, and he

reed. He picked a number between one

d ten. I asked him. "Is the number one?"

the number imo?" and so on, and he

swered no each time. I recorded his

sponses, ran them through the PSE. and

lled him back. The number he picked.

Washington. He gave me a tape recording

it didn'ttell me more than l'd already known:

and a typewritten transcript. The recording

Wesley Liebler was pretly upset when he

was the Louis Lomax television program of

appeared on the Louis Lomax program. 1

Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Liebler,

hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more

a member of the Warren Commission's staff,

was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS

I finally received a call from CBS's

News television program entitled The War-

Washingion office saying the tapes has

ren Report, which had been broadcast in

arrived. I broke a feir trailic laws getting

four one-hour segments on June 25, 26. 27

there to pick up the tapes and returning

to my apartment. I had already selecied the

I examined the transcript. The programs

points I wanted, to check from the transcript

He was dumofounded. He had not heard

had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and of the program. I mounted the first tape on

the PSE and had thought I might be con-

other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every the recorder. ran it down to the firsi poin:

cting some elaborate joke at his expense.

major point of controversy that had been of interest. and tuined on the PSE.

it when I called back and correctly iden-

raised by the critics of the Warren Report,

For the next three days and nights. I ran

ed the number he had picked, he realized

inierviewing eyewitnesses. Dallas police- charts. When I finished. I had a splitting

ras serious. And he was shocked.

men, medical examiners, ballistic special- headache. my kitchen floor was ankle deep

I played the same game several times ists and many others who had some inside in chart paper, but I had a much cleare:

th others and did not always have similar

knowledge of the assassination of John F. idea of what did ard did noi happen that

ccess. With Bernard Fenstenvald, I was

Kennedy. For what I had in mind, it was day in Dallas.

ile only do narrow the answer down to two

a gold mine. I telephoned CBS and learned

Before I describe my results. I feel that

mbers. 0nc of which turned out to be cor- that I could get a copy of the program's I must offer the reader a few comments and

---

## Page 254

13-00000

— illul:

"torah the PSE is awell-established

"i ras not been vaitialed

irenrencarch. Even though

sis fair in tie machine beleve

stain this way, my project

met trace: to do 5a.

lisancer jeronstrate trin the PSE

a saaarer is isiling the truin than to

• he is lying. Stress can be caused by

Go oine: tia?

jeception; bit the ab-

ca di si:es5 is an extremely reliable

cation of truinóulness. Of course, the

ence of stress dices not prove that a

arien is ire. only that the speaker

eves it to de ive.

Aith0.0110. 1d a grea, Coal ai stress

salesmany tore assassetion labes.

o singie :starte san l say thai the in-

dual was urg! coin: this out not oniy

rotect myse from lice suits out be-

se l am no: merell; certain ary cre indi-

al was otise ig the truin.

Nonetheless.

stress in the testimony

lany witnesses to me same event makes

development. un course, dom men could

Garrison night have lound come

mund evidence linking Snaw to the assassi-

nation and then, in the linie honored tradi-

tion of prosscutors, Ivanted the rest of his

case. But Shaw's stress could easily be the

resuit of his predicament. and Garrison's

might also de the resuri di some cutside

issue. The situation was andiguous.

I ran the testimony of Lee Odom. Odom.

a Dallas businessman, was attempting to

expiain the mysterious coincidance of ine

post office box numbers it seems inat the

Dailas oost office box number 11906

appeared in the notecooks of both Clay

Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswald. In his tes-

timon. Onum staied that he could not

succani lo: ine nunder appearing in

Uswald's noiebook. he knew now it got into.

Shari's. It was Odom's box number. and

he had given it to Snaw. whom he'd met

by chance on a business trip to New

Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur-

ing nis statement. No unreiated controi

statemeni was available ior me to run for

mathematica grosecilty ovenuneiming

at leasi some af them were lying.

rese painis eidid not be barier illus-

ed than i:=:

üere by ine Jim Gar-

This didn't really clear things up. There

were several obvious alternative explana-

tions for Odom's stress. For example, there

n-Clay Sra:, afair

arrison, it may se recalled. was the New

eans District Attorney who. in 1967,

med io have solved the Kennedy assas-

stion. He presented an elaborate case

inst a ice=

-usinessman. Clay Shaw.

others. as

me-cers of an assassination

spiracy. In ore of the hour-long pro-

ms. CBS interviewed Garrison,

Shaw,

two other people involved in Garrison's

gaiions.

Deception is not proved

by stress, but given

enough witnesses' testimony,

the PSE is able

to arrive at the truth

I his interview. Garrison was hostile and

not make mary firm, facial statements

uld test with the PSE. However, he aid

• "There's no question about it [thai he

i how the assassination had been car-

out] ...

we know the key individuals

sived... there is no question about the

had been a number of rather unsavory

[the conspirators) were there [in Dealy

allegations in the press about Clay Shaw.

za]." The PSE showed good to hard

unrelated to the Garrison charges.

Odom

ss on each of these statements. I also

may have felt extremely uncomfortable

a noncociroversial statement of Gar-

about linking himself io this mar. in any way.

n's as a coric: "Oswald was noi killed

The coincidence of the box numbers

e fat the

movie theater where he was

seemed very suspicious, bu! Bob Smith of

sted]," and found no stress. Garrison's

the Committee had pointed out to me that

ements about his case agains! Clay

both Shaw's and Oswald's notebooks were

il strongiy irdicated deception

filled with numbers. so the chance of such

ext ran Some statements by Ciay Shaw

a coincidence was not that remote.

ying ris in civement in such a conspir-

A: this point l began to wonder if the tele-

and denyirg ever knowing or meeting

vision camera was the "outside issue" in

Harsy Oswald. I also rar a control

every case. Perhaps jusi being on television

errent. Shar lurned out to be neavily

will so thorcughly rattle the average person

ssed mhroug..out.

that. lying or not. he is going i show siress

his was no! particularly surprising. The

on the PSE. I checked this out by recording

I had been aceused of conspiring to

and charting a number of people on tele-

der Ine President of the United States vision programs-public oificials. men in

was being interviewed about it belore the streer. even witnesses to a pariculariy

vision careras. He would have to have gruesome accident. There was occasional

n a pretly soul customer nol to show

stress. but it never reached the high level

" of stress. even it he were telling the l was finding in the assassination tapes.

piele iut!

I also recalled something else which put

inding that both Garrison and Shaw my mind in rest on this point: the PSE had

wed siress vias not an encouraging been used to analyze the statements of con-

lestanis on ine television program 15 1e

The Trut. and identilled the real Mr. So-

and-so" wiin an accuracy of beiler tnan 91

percent. The problem obviously das.rottle

I ran the testimony of William Gurvich on

ite PSE Gurvich had been Garrison's chief

aide in me investigation o! Ciay Sha: until

ne resigned. charging Garrison with wrong-

doing. He said. "The truth as I see it is thai

Mr. Shan should never have been arrested.

He was asred ii Garrison had known ci cer-

tain iilegal and unetnical methods Gurvich

nad alleged were being used by Garrison's

staff He answered, 'Yean. of sourse he did.

He ordered it." There was no stress in Mr.

Gurvich's statements.

The PSE showed that

he beloved what he was saying.

Obviously I did not have enougn tes-

timony from a large enough number di vii-

nesses to create a detailed piciure of the

Garrison-Shaw afiair. but it seems probabie

thai, at the very leasi. Garrison did not have

much of a case against Sha: fa view: later

held oy a New Orleans jury) and likely thai

Shaw was completely innocent of complic-

ity in the assassination. The lesson of this

episode is twofold. Firs!. siress in any one

person's testimony does not prove decep-

tion. Second, given enough testimony by

different witnesses. the PSE can arrive at

The first person I ran on the PSE who had

any direct knowledge of the assassination

was

Oswald's

widow,

Marina.

Unfortu-

nately, only one of her statements was on

the CBS tapes-that Oswald had owned a

rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth.

The rifle had been one of the major poinis

of controversy raised by critics of the War-

ren Report. The debate centered on two

points: whether the Mannlicher-Carcano

alleged to have belonged to Oswald was

the rifle found by the Dallas police in the

Texas School Book Depository, and whether

that particular gun could have been the mur-

der weapon.

On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson. an

employee of Parkland Hospital, testified

that he had found a rifle bullet on a strefcher

which he believed had carried Governor

Connally. There was no stress in his state-

meni. The PSE said he was telling the truth.

Dr. Joseph D. Nicol. Superintendent of

the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the

State of lilinois. ran ballistic tests on buliet

fragments found in the presidentiai limou-

sine. and on the intact bullet found by Tom-

linson. Nicel testified that both the intact

bullet and the bullet fragments had been

fired by the Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too.

was apparently felling the truth.

Depuly Constable Seymour Weitzman of

the Dallas police claimed that he found

Oswald's Mannlicher-Carcano on the sixin

ficor of ine Texas School Book Depository

Ho:vever. on the day of the assassination.

he had toid the press that the rifle he d found

was a German Mauser. The following day

he signed an affidavit to that effect. But on

the CBS tapes he testified that he had been

mistaken about that poini, that it had really

---

## Page 255

13-00000

sen Oswaid's rifle. The PSE showed con-

the scene from an overpass near the knoll.

Within minuies after the shooting. Ken-

derable stress in his statements.

The PSE confirmed that he thought he had nedy had been rushed to the emergency

•Ratrol:man Gerald L. Hill testified that he

seen a puit of smoke on the knoll, but it

room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr. Mal-

und these spen! bullet hulls on the floor

could nol support his claim that he had

colm Perry tried to save his life. The physi-

sneat: the window from which the fatal

heard a shut from that direction.

cian saw that the President had suffered

lots allegedly were fired. The PSE showed

Another witness, Charles Brehm, was a massive head wound and a smallerwound

and stress in his statements.

quoted by Mark Lane as having said that

in the throat. Perry pertormed a tracheos-

The rific was one of the principal poinis

he had seen a portion of the President's

tomy, cutting through the throat wound in

ind by the Warren Commission to link

skull flying hack over the left rear and of

an attempt to open a breathing passage.

swald to the assassination. The PSE sub-

the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence

Afterward, when hope for the President had

antiated the testimony that Oswald owned

of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS

been abandoned, Perry met with the press

rifle and that the evidence supplied to

tapes. Brehm stated heatedly that he had

and declared that the wound in the front

ballistics expert indicated this rifle was

been quoted out of context, and emphatic- of the neck had been an entry wound.

e murder weapon. However, the PSE did

ally denied that any shots had come from

The President's body was flown to

si subs:antiate the controversial claims of

the knoll. Despite his emotional state, there

Washington, D.C. There. approximately

allas police regarding the discovery of

was almost no stress in this statement.

eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy

is evidence.

Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who

was performed at Bethesda Navat Hospital.

The hospital employee was apparently

was riding in

the limousine of Vice-

Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of

lling the truth when he recounted finding

President Johnson, denied that any of the the neck wound could no longer be ob-

e bullet on a stretcher a: Parkland Hospi-

shots had come from the direction of the

served and was, at first, overlooked. Later,

1, but magi

. antics have chaiged that the

grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de-

aiter consulting the Dallas doctors, the

allet had teen deliberately planted there.

gree of stress.

Bethesda pathologists concluded that it

lis is the famous "singie bullet" which the

Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther,

was an exit wound. The autopsy report

arren Refer says passed through the

Arnold Rowland and Howard Brennan,

stated that there were two eniry wounds,

jdies of bair. ine President and Governor

claimed to have seen gunmen in the win-

one low in the rear scalp and one at the

anrially, and inen lodged in Connaily's

dows of the Texas School Book Depository

right base of the neck; and two exit wounds.

list. Severai researchers have tried to

building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two

the throat wound and a large irregular

peat this,

firing the same type of bullet

men, one armed with a rifle, the second

wound on the right side of the head.

to the wrist si a cadaver. The bullets never

The confusion was compounded when

mained peresty intact, as the one found

two FBI agents present at the autopsy

i the streiche.; they became twisted lumps

reported that a wound had been found in

lead and cooper.

the President's back, and that no corre-

The secons link beiween Oswald and the

"We expiored both these

sponding exit wound had been located.

isassination is the charge that he killed

Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed

ificer Tippint a Dallas policeman, while

showing the lower of the

seing from ine scene of the first shooting.

two entry wounds to be below the shoulders,

number of eyewitnesses have testified

either group was involved"

not ai the base oi the neck. What became

at they saw Oswald shoot Tippitt, and one

of the bullet? The agents reported that

them,

Domingo Benavides.

was inter-

Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had

ewed on the CBS tapes. He was asked

dropped from the wound when the Dallas

there was any doub! in his mind that

with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren

doctors attempied external heart massage.

swald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt.

Commission he had seen two men, one an

But this was the shot that the Commission

≥ replied.

"No. sir, there was no doubt

elderly Negro, in the window Oswald is

claimed had passed through Kennedy and

all." There was absolutely no stress in

alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS

struck Governor Connally.

s statemen!. He was telling the truth.

tapes he claimed he had seen an armed

X-rays and color photographs of the au-

The killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswald

man at a different window. The Commission

is fueled the tires of controversy over the

relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan,

from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides

arren Report. Tippitt was far from his usual

who claimed to have seen a gunman in the

were prepared for microscopic examina-

eat when he was shot. Some witnesses

"Oswald window" actually firing the last of

tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission

Ive alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were

the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in

never asked to see any of this evidence.

en together in Jack Ruby's nightclub.

the testimony of all three witnesses.

relying instead solely on the testimony of

ley thacrize that the three men were part

The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses

Captain James J. Humes, one of the

an assassination conspiracy, and that

testimony regarding the source of the snots pathologists who conducted the autopsy.

ppitt had been sent to silence Oswald,

is ambiguous. It supports Holland's claim

Even more incredible is the disappearance

it had been beaten to the draw.

to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll.

of the brain, the slides, and some of the

The Dallas police radio dispatcher,

and Brehm's denial that any shots came

photographs, which were alleged to have

Ificer Murray Jackson, was asked if he

from that direction, and it raises serious

been turned over to the National Archives

ought Tippilt knew Oswald. "No.

" he

doubts about all other claims and counter-

by the Bethesda Naval Hospital.

plied. "I don't think he knew Oswald." Did

claims. This contradiction seems to result

Both Dr. Perry and Captain Humes were

ickson know Oswald? "No." answered

from the notorious unreliability of eyewit-

interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was

ickson. "I didn't either." The PSE showed

nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair

asked about the throat wound he'd seen

tavy stress in both statements.

amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is

when the President was brought to Parkland

Perhaps the greatest source of con-

present here, may have been motivated Hospital. His answer seemed evasive. He

oversy over the Warren Report is it's claim

merely by a desire for attention. Or there neither confirmed nor denied that he had

at all the shots were fired by one gunman.

may have been darker reasons.

thought it was an entry wound, lalking in-

ome eyewitnesses claim to have heard

. There is, however, other evidence and stead about the difficulty of making such

lots and seen gunsmoke in the area of testimony that could shed some light on the a determination and the fact that his atten.

low hillock ahead and to the right of the

existence, number and location of assas-

tion had been devoted to saving the Presi-

esidential motorcade. This hillock has sins other than Oswald. This brings us to dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him

'me to be known as "the grassy knoll." perhaps the most dubious and controversial directly whether he had thought at the time

ne of these witnesses was a railroad

element in the Warren Commission's ver- thatitwas an entry wound. "Actually, I didn't

orker ramed S.M. Holland, who observed sion of the event-the autopsy.

really give it much thought," he replied. He

---

## Page 256

13-00000

station Tap

med hard siress on the PSE. Unfortu-

leiy. he made no other definite statement

out the risiure of the wound.

The iniervie:: with Capiain Humes was

dre informative. just before the interview.

1067. Hymies! 10 re-examined the auton-

pholographs arg X-rays, and he dis-

ssed them a: length on the CBS tapes.

said, had re: been.intended to precisely

present the iccation of the wounds. How-

=suced a sketch which, he

d, did represent inese locations accu-

inter ever asked

amination of the phaiogragis verify that

i wounds we's as shown here?

'Yes, sir," re replied. No stress.

Nere there any wounds other than one

the base of i*e rack and one up in the

ill? "No, sir inere were not." Viocerate

ess, not ercugn ie suggest ceception.

Vas there any doubt that the wound at

back of the President's head was an

ry wound? "There is absolutely no doubt

Again stress but again moderate

Altogether. now many wounds were

re? "There i. ere two wounds of entrance

Ai this poin: the stress be-

inal convictions a cose equally persuasive

press. and I read some of the riocuments

Hi added tha! there wa's no toundation for

that have criticized the Commission very

the charge that the Commission had been

severely, butt have never found that they

tormed io whiiswash the ticks.

have discovered any evidence di any kind

The PSE said he was teiling the truin

thia: we didn't discover and use in determin:

john Medioy, a member of the Warren

ing the case as we did."

Coumission, said much ine same thing

Hard stress once again. The word "never"

and adued that ha had seen no credible

was a perfectly "trimmed hedge

evidence iü curiradiot lie findings uf the

Cornmission.

I have fourd noining since that time."

The PSE backed hir up en he continued. "to change my view. nor have

this. bi: it failed to de so when, speaking

Iheard of anything that has charged tre

of the Warren Repori. he said.

view at any member of the commission.

nothing trauduient about it." Here the PSE

since that time."

showed hard siress.

The stress was hard. As I had row come

If Sonster and McCidy were as confident

to expect, the word "nothing" seemed a

as the PSE shows them is be in the truthiul-

particularly beautifui exampie of stress.

ness d the Warren Rusor. what could be

Another word seemed to shot aven more

tied dulge stout it Pernaps the snippir:

stress: "nemper." Could he nave been

oil of a few loose ends, the suppression

ihinking of someone in particuia:? Or Janu-

o! a lei pieces of inconvenient evidence

ary 19, 1970. Senaior Richard B. Russell.

which conflicted with a version of events

a member of the Warren Commission, re-

they believed to be essentially true.

vealed that he had never believed that Lee

The one man who could be expected to

Harvay Oswaid acted alca

have the most informed opinion regarding

inad charted the last of the assassination

the work of the Warren Commission is

tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet

former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself.

of recording tape are only a small traction

He had declined to be interviewed on the

of the relevant testimony reco.ded and

CBS program in 1967, but he did appear

stored away in the archives of ¿elevision

on television in May, 1972, in an interview

news departments. There is, for example.

Lee Harvey Oswald, as he was led through

the Dallas police station, denying that he

had killed the President. There are state-

ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and

"... we found no evidence

of any kind that there was

any conspiracy."

There was very hard stress

on "no evidence"

I have no doubt that with these tapes,

a Psychological Stress Evaluator. and time

to work on them, a very detailed picture

of the assassination of John F. Kennedy

Ind where were the entry wounds lo-

ed? "Posterioriy, one low in the right

sterior scalp. and one in the base of the

ik on the right." Hard stress again.

sould he be absciutely certain that what

said was an entry wound was, in fact,

t. "Yes, indees we can." Hard stress.

he interview with Humes was one of the

gest and most detailed on the CBS

es. and I chared most of it with the PSE.

vas clear to me that he believed much

shathe was saying, but the irequent flick-

igs of moderate stress and the occasion-

lashes of hard stress suggested that he

sn't nearly as confident of his testimony

could be reconstructed, a piciure that might

even reveal the identities of the assassins

and their co-conspirators. lhopethatsooner

or later someone does this. I have gone as

which was part of a series called The Bran-

far as the private resources of a free-lance

deis Teievision Recollections. Bob Smith of

writer permit.

the Committee provided me with the tape

What. given the sample of testimony l

The interview was an hour long, but the

have processed with the PSE. can I say

Kennedy assassination and the Warren

about the assassination?

Commission came up only once. The inter-

We should first examine the testimony in

viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran-

which no stress was found, since it is almost

deis University, was friendly and deferen-

certain that these people were telling the

tial. I charted some of Warren's remarks

truth as they saw it. This strongly suggesis

unrelated to the assassination and found

that he was generaily unstressed. Sachar

raised the subject of the Commission

2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found

nied out, sometimes it's not easy to tell

entry wound from an exit wound

he interviever asked him one good "bot-

, line" question:

Do you have any different conclusion,

different ideas. any ditferent thoughts

1, after seeing (ihe autopsy photographs)

in, than you had at that lime?"

Vo." replied Captain Humes.

I bear up very well, and very closely.

lestimony Detore the Warren Commis.

obiiquely, and Warren volunteered several

on Governor Connally's stretcher at Park-

rather lengthy statements about it

land Hospital.

Warren said thai immediately after the as-

3. Bullet iragments alleged to have been

sassination there were iwo theories. one that

found in the presidential limousine also

Khrushchev and Castro were behind the

came from Oswald's rifle.

killing. the other that a group of right wing

4. At least one eyewitness believes he

Texas oilmen were responsible. He said:

saw gunsmoke on the grassy knoll, but

"We explered both of those theories for another is equally certain no shots came

ten months and found no evidence that from that direction.

either of them was involved in it."

The PSE showed hard stress.

5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tippit!

6. At least one member of the Warren

Commission and one member of the Com-

... we found no evidence of any kind

mission's staff really believe in the validity

len Specter. one of the Warren Commis-

that there was any conspiracy."

isprincipal investigators. also spoke.on

CBStapes. He said that the case against

hard stress on the words "no evidence

Again there was stress, and particulal! against Clay Shaw

7. Jim Garrison had little or no case

rald titted together very well, and that

"I have read everything." said Justice

Almost all of this tends to support, in one

forn could ore find among actual crim-

Warren, "that has come to my notice in the way or another, the Warren Report. But noir

---

## Page 257

13-00000

is look, at the lestimony that is called into

one lie She

The claim that Oswald's rifle was

und inthe Tr.xas School Book Depository.

2. The claim that bullet hulls matching

wald's rile viere round in the same place.

3. The claim that one gunman was seen

ine "Oswaid window" of the Dalias Book

pository.

4. The claim that two gunmen were seen

this window.

5. The claim that a gunman was seen

a different wincow of that building.

5. Another claim that no shots came from

grassy knoil, and a claim by the witness

o saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that

also heard a shot from that direction.

7. A claim by a Dailas policeman that

ither he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald.

3. The claim by the pathologist-the

irren Curarissior's only source of infor-

tion about the autopsy-that the X-rays

a autopsy erciographs support his tes-

sony before i-= Commission

). The claim by a member of the Warren

mmission tha: there was nothing fraudu-

t about the warren Report

10. The ciain by Eari Warren that the

mmission found no evidence of a con-

iracy; that none of the Warren Report's

tics ever found anything the Commission

I missed; tha: -e had found nothing since

• publicatio? o! ine Report to change his

w; and thai ne knew of no Commission

imber. who had ever changed his mind

gut their conciusions.

If we accept that each instance of stress

Obviously, whenever stress is found by

indicates deception, an interesting and the PSE and cannot be cross-checked by

unexpected possibility emerges:

a structured interrogation, some probability

Oswald was involved in some way in the

must be accepted that this stress is caused

assassination, if only as a fall guy. Some of

by an outside issue. No study has vet been

the Dallas police force may have been in-

conducted to establish wiat this probability

volved, planted the evidence that impli-

might be, but let us pick, for the sake of

caied Cowald, and covered up the fact that

discussion, a figure ihat may seem ridicu-

there was a conspiracy. The medical exam-

lously high—70 percent. In other words. ve

iner believed his own testimony to the War-

are assuming that 70 percent of the times

ren Commission, bui later had doubts. The

the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results

Commission found evidence of a conspir-

from something other than lying

Now, let's ignore the deception indicated

acy but didn't believe it, so they covered in the testimony of the eyewitnesses: even

it up in order to present a tidy package to

if present, it might have resulted from mere

the public. Later, at least one member of

desire for attention. Thai leaves eight "in-

the Commission changed his mind, but

siders" who have demonstrated stress when

since he didn't know what really did hap-

making statements supporting the Warren

pen, he decided to say nothing. So there

Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks.

was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing-

Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam-

ton nothing worse than blundering.

iner, Captain Humes: Commission staffer

I could say all this with certainty if I knew

Wesley Liebler; Commission member John

that stress always equais deception. Unfor- McCloy; former Chief Justice Earl Warren

tunately, I do not know that. But the PSE

Assuming that there is a 70 percent

analysis of the assassination tapes has

chance that any single instance of stress

generated a staggering amount of fresh

is "outside issue,

" what is the probability

doubt regarding the Warren Report. This

that all eight instances are due to factors

doubt rises not only from specific points

other than deception? Elementary proba-

the PSE has called into question, but from bility theory tells us.that it is seven-tenths

the very sinister implications of the very

raised to the eighth power, or approximately

existence of deception among policemen, 6 percent

government officials and Commission

In other words, even making some fairly

members. The question remains: did such

conservative assumptions, there is a 94 per-

deception exist or was the stress found by

cent chance that at least one of these eight

the PSE the result, in every case, of an out-

men is lying

side issue?

My own personal opinion? I don't know

I remember the young man with the ring

He said he was wearing it, and he was.

but he stressed. He stressed not because

he was lying, but because there was some-

thing about that ring that really bothered

him, something he didn't want the world to

know. Perhaps that is also true of these men

who, in one way or another, learned some

part of the truth about the assassination of

John F. Kennedy.

I suppose I'm not absolutely sure even

of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the

Committee, I asked him if there was any

one thing the government could do to clear

up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one

thing that would help more than anything

else would be to make available the physi-

cal evidence — the detailed FBI lab re-

ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs.

the microscopic slides, the bloodstained

clothing, yes, even the President's brain,

wherever it has been hidden. These things.

he said, would go far toward answering the

questions about what actually happened

that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even

confirm the Warren Report

So when i say l'm not absolutely certain

these men are concealing something. I

mean I can think of something that could

conceivably change iny mind. That is. it the

government would open all its files on this

matter to us and prove that we are wrong

—we, the people who ten years later still

believe we haven't yet heard the full account

of the events of November 22. 1963

---

## Page 258

13-00000

THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL

ELECTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY

BULLETS:

1964 - result decided by the assassination of

President John F. Kennedy

1968 - result decided by the assassination of

Senator Robert F. Kennedy

1972 - result decided by the near-assassination of

Governor George Wallace

WHAT is the evidence?

WHO fire the fatal shots?

WHY has there been such a concerted effort.

to withhold the facts?

WHO was really behind the assassinations?

67-116-90-33

COME SHARE THE FINDINGS

OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS

AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE

• SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO

INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

TO BE HELD AT

GEORGETOWN

UNIVERSITY

GASTON HALL

Nov. 23-24, 1973

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

1520 16th Streek, N.W., Washington, D.C. o (202) 232-1152

DECADE OF

ASSASSINATIONS®

1963 - 1973

JOHN F. KENNEDY • SYLVANUS OLYMPIO •

ABDUL KARIM KASSEM • MEDGAR EVERS •

"'NGO" DINH DIEM • JIGME DORII • ADIB AL •

SHISHAKLI • PIERRE NGENDANDUMWE •

HASSAN ALI MANSOUR • MALCOLM X • VIOLA

LIUZZO • MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO • SIR

ABUBAKAR BALEWA • 1.T.V. IRONSI AGUIYI•

HENDRIK VERWOERD • TRAN VAN VAN •

GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL • CHE GUEVARA

• MARTIN LUTHER KING • ROBERT F.

KENNEDY • EDUARDO MONDLANE • TOM

MBOYA • A.A. SHERMARKE • GEORGE

WALLACE • SALVADORE ALLENDE •

---

## Page 259

13-00000

FRIDAY - NOVEMBER 23

9:00 LATE REGISTRATION -

Early Registrants pick up passes.

9:30 WELCOME:

Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive

Director, Committee to Investigat

Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder

10:00

CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT

ASSASSINATION CASES:

JFK CASE - Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director

of Research, Committee to Investigate

RFK CASE - Mr. Robert Hanson, Altorney,

present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan

KING CASE - Mr. James Lesar, Attorney,

present counsel for James Earl Ray

WALLACE CASE - Mr. Ronald Van Doren,

Newsman, Author, researcher into the

background of Arthur Bremer

ROCKWELL CASE - Ms. Meredith Rode,

Professor at Federal City College,

Authority in killing of George Lincoln

Rockwell

11:30

UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES:

Mr. William Turner, Moderator - Former

FBI Agent, Author of numerous books

•on investigative techniques

Mr. George O'Toole - Former ClA Agent,

Free-Lance Writer, expert on the PSE

(Psychological Stress Evaluator)

Mr. Robert Saltzman - Computer Engineer;

lecturer on the Warren Commission

Report

DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS

1963 - 1973

PROGRAM

FRIDAY - Continued

12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH

2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:

Mr. Josiah Thompson, Moderator

Professor at Haverford College, author of

Six Seconds in Dallas

Dr. Cyril Wecht - Professor of Law and

Forensic Medicine at Duquesne

University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa.

Ms. Sylvia Meagher - Attorney, UN Official,

author of Accessories After The Fact

Mr. Roger Hanson - Attorney, counsel to

Mr. Herbert MacDonnell - Professor of

Criminalistics, Corning University; expert

in case of Fred Hampton

Mr. Mark Lane - Attorney, author of Rush

To Judgment and Executive Action

6:00

BREAK FOR DINNER

8:30

WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT

OR FICTION -

A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert

Saltzman

SATURDAY - NOVEMBER 24

9:30 ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA:

Mr. John Henry Faulk,

Moderator -

Humorist and Author of Fear On Tria

1r. Robert Kaiser - Author of RFK Mus

Mr. Donald Freed - Co-Author of Executive

Action

Mr. Harold Weisberg - Author of Frame Up

Mr. Ted Charach - Author of Second Gun

Mr. Peter Noyes - Author of Legacy Of

Mr. Fred Cook - Author of numerous books

and articles

12:30

BREAK FOR LUNCH

2:00

THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY

Mr. Richard. Sprague,

- Former Liaison

öfficer between Pentágon and CIA

Ir. Robert K. Brown - Former Specia

ervices Officer; expert in attempts o

r. Peter Dale Scott - Professor :

erkeley; Author of The War Conspira

5:00

INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE

SPEAKERS -

Question and Answer Sessions

---

## Page 260

13-00000

AMERICAN POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS:

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF WORKS PUBLISHED

- 1963-1970

RELATED TO THE ASSASSIMATION OF

JOHN F. KENNEDY

MARTIN LUTHER KING

ROBERT F. KENNEDY

Compiled by

THE COMMITTEE TO INYESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

WASHINGTON, D. G:

COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS

1973

---

## Page 261

13-00000

I. JOHN F. KENNEDY:

A. GENERAL

The Fipht to Deny Righes." Current Digest of the Spre

1 Innuary 1366, p. 25.

"A: la the A2srsa1nne1on.

"panar rellved; second installaent of the death of a Preoident."

Ilne, 27 January 1967,

"Some functions of Religion Ritual in Crtastropho: Kennedy lossa-

25(19114), 212-230.

A'freey, Moninn.

Prien MiRle Pell on the U.s."

ThilIppinen Herald lagezine, 25 January 1964,

Thilleple Herald Morny

7 December 1963, po 220

chen 1E Was Hoverber 22 again.

Bauwerk, 30 November 1964, PP

..! "Стату О пП ҐоБла"ІЛАtІоn.

Death hns Pounced: Excerpt from Impe of leopnruz

"'--calynge nod aftar."

nur une Trapeille."

eIntlone, January 1969, P. LI

lychornalrtie Reviey, 53, 10. 3(1966)

Panaalc. N.3.: Minority of One, 1964.

Given Irmetro to Podl'o Cun B1ll.

2 bg der 109 0/ 2-2.

1- Marop"ritim'of Prealdent John Fo Kennedy," Gurrent DiREOL dE tha Soriet Prese, 11

"=- AnpEntnaelon of Predident Rcancdy."

sunen!ne: ion: l'e Reporter'a

"s- 1.a91-nt107:

the trial to a verdict; with report by GaR. Pord." Life, 2 October 1964,

27 Deccaber 1963,

1944, гр. 19-20.

"Prenident Johanono Porikeralsalors.

IrIt Donnark, 23, no. 2(1964-65).

•t of the recrecs in the aceneaination probe."

risty 1964, pp.

Ua5, News ond Morld Repart, 24 Feb-

Tierles of Jo Thorpaon and J. Coanally." Ilma, 24 November 1967,

•Errind to ciie Tonned? Pilo."

F2- Coment Page Decenber 1963, Pp.

el / 1963, 19672-21 39-440

VISJ.2, Autuum 1964, PP. 20-93.

P-alie, Morrla A.

Rodrick, stsphen Do

Koasuch Konyvklado, 1964.

ore Malt en che lunnedy ABanalnutien Xbook sevicu of Dle Hrariait u

ost lust, by Joachla Jonaten

isty Tiree (poe»).

du . Rew Yorks

Bickel, A.M.

"Return to Dallas."

Moy Republic,

23 Decerder 1967, p. 34

Blohop,

j1n.

Ihr. Day Kennedt Mra Shot.

Ne10111

ark and Hapnallo, 1968.

"Black

Priday,

flve years laser.

Прудусок, 29 Мотетве 1968, ГР.

"B'aal Brith,

Oversers Moum JPX; BAlD'a hula Amirnreary Seraice

22-23.

Directora place Hreath al Tonb of Preofdent."

Rational 10a1ah Manthir,

1964, PP. 24-26.

Ronnet, Judy Waltnon.

aoa, S.C.s

Lake toue, 10f. Neoletde tha Mutler of lahn le Kennetze Sades

broke House,

Booker, Simeon.

32-34.

"Hou JPR Surpanned Abralon Llacolo." Phanz, Fabryart 1961, Dp- 23-28, 3.

Motheck en-documnentie achonl,

'Bouser, fallovell.

"The Pertle of Haoty Hlotory," Saturdoy Revalu, 31 Decerber 1966,

p. 14.

Broad, Serrlu.

"S1 Totual CIne?"

Bravo, Franciaco.

1963.

mannuznatzon or a reopace

reesdent Kennedy" Deathe Whype har farts

16 el er 19 i6d 109.

"Death in EncERency No. One:

Parkland liemotial Hoopital.'

Saturday Brcolag

Poet,

Brienberg, Mordecal.

'The Riddle of Dallan.'

Brlagufer, Carlos.

dilcago:

harles Hnilberg & C

Sp Hatbe: 212(1964). 1303-306.

Brodie, Iorcel.

Arch Syncroguee

London. 1203.

Buchanan, Thomas

Pravo Porocilo o Umoru y Dallanu."

Dolo, 27-29 Februnty 1964,

pp. 56-58.

Budinac, Budiuir.

"Zlocin u Tekoasu."

Bug1all1, Paolo, et al.

Cut ha uccino 1 Remett.

a oeber a, eltore, 1968.

Butler, Ed.

Cameroa,

? "Humane

21-28; 2, г.р.

and Sane."

Caplas, Gerald and Vivion Caddes."

Ce la Decere 196CaR: Speer 1968, pp. 12

"¡савова l0 Bravery.'

85, 115.

Carney, Frederick S.

"Criale of Conecience in Dalles:

Dallan.'

Thought on the day of

che funeral of Tou f

Carr, Haggoner.

ner. Texas Semeneri

23 December 1963, PP. 235-241.

arort on the mannasination of president konred me

Sortoue

nine of rosernor Jolin B. Gonnalle, douraber 22, 1253. Aust1s, Texa

Castro, Pidel.

Orientacion Fevolucimarla, Direcion lacioant del TURSC,

D6! (motion picture)

Group VI Productions (released by Pa

"A Chronology of trapedy.'

Clards, John.

"November 22,

156,.0d Tre

28 November 1963, pp. 1-9.

Saturdry. Perloy

7 Decerber 1963, pp. 16t.

"Of chros and courage."

Saturday Egyler,

Clifford, G.

"Warren

Report:

28 Deccuber 1963, p. 25.

1 New Booot for the

Kennedy Menorabilia Industry," Macier

MagAzine,

2 Novenher 1964, p.

Cole, Aluyo.

Ascosin Forger."

"Compendius of Curioun

Colocinences:

Parallein

J.F. Kennerly."

P.

Ihe Complete Kennedy Saga:

4 volo.

Mollywood: danoclated Profeesional

Services,

1967.

Condon, Ro

Connally,

•Mach urlay Konedate la Ce al, 17, 1 Decete 152, P. 18-51.

"Why Kennedy

Connally, Mra. John B.

"Since That Day

1n Dallas.

Arguet 1964,

Cook, Pred J.

"Assonaination Investigationo.

19 July

1971, pp.

40-46.

the troulato ta 120 162200

Cooke, Alintalt.

"After the President's Angannination."

Lintenet, & Decerber 1963,

907-908.

"Benth of the Toung Harrlor,"

chenter Guerdien,

22 September 1960,

Cottrell, John.

Coyains, Horoan.

=27lnation:

The Norld Scand St1ll.

The Legacy of John F. Keunedy."

21-27.

Cronford, somech.

"Ta Bacades He Mado,"

ermeck, 2 Deceaber 1969, p. I5.

---

## Page 262

13-00000

Me Kenna literature: A BlbllagI plical Boary m John I. Kennedy. Nev

Yerk Univeralty Freos,

"RM and JFK:

Iving of Fate."

1903.

Phillpoing Herald Mopazine, 14. March 1964, ppo

12, 46,97.12.

D.31135: Aberteen Ponter and Trinting Ca., 1969.

Hara

In milan John F. Kennedy

Zurich:

Ronerhof-Verlas,

17: 1u9 dem Laben einen Brosees

"aunt " prene

20 pebrunry

1966, 'р. 31-92.

PeJolnder.

25 May 1964.

ferlalted."

D. S19.

retekzivhintoria." Hits,

In AprA PiGa P. 319.

n1 T=rrrdla."

J.

Marges

14 Ocsober 1964, PP. 273-285.

marea CRotto llcard the licks.

Then Care orate then che Precto been?

Excerpts fron Addresces,"

14 DeCanier 10iJ, po

73.

CorrentATy, July 1963,

pp. 90-92.

Revine of Inal by 6. Frank.

Janunty

о0. 799.

6t.

"R dead; excert

Ladter Home Joumal,

docenter 1959, pp..

Nemyrst, 2 Decepber 1953,

pP.

20-26.

1o Dollon.

37-44.

ef a sodero.

Po

691.

,.' of the Preaiiert.

6 seconher 1963, p. 299-301.

28 March 1967.

of a freaident:

The Egrahilahed Firko.

March

•-ath of a Preoident:

Told in DiErCE Instiany,

Fxcerpte."

at Treen: renody!

7 Deccaber 1964, 5р.

1366, PinEaT Str Rovert Menzlen ond Sir Gerffeld Darwick

Zird Noserier."

18 Notester 1966,

pp.

i ran Apolio, ties Dolloot The author, 1964.

Ans rican Opinion, March 1964, pP- 1-10.

TIAN

irrinty of on epmoliness.

21 Diceabeir 1963, p..

"Sad Dry

47794188. 142466).

Sinert,

2'9-27.

Marien s.

"The Tennais flin Decrened at tha Warrenton Sealnar." Ills Corment

Tal'/Winter 1551, PP.

33-J4.

I Shock, Then Decovery."

30 Movtsher 1963, pp. 92-93.

shen Talk.

Pinter 1967-64, TP. 403-406.

"Dude: Volceo."

Merleg, 21 Deosaber 1963, pp. 787. .

ad a Peatrolog.

„tral to 23 Noter 1953."

19-20.

9 Decesher 1951, Pl March 1967, pp. 18-20.

Manorini Boon.

jo December 1963, pp- 49-50.

Eridard J.

1 8 10d nee sia 113: elne neue UnPersuchung dea Kennedy-Mardeo."

Apт11 1963, РР.

Beansack, 22 June 196i, po

32.

•-¡ul ero tours ulchout a president: exceapes fron teattrouten." U,s, levt and World

14 Novesher 1965, pp. 68-7P.

: 7, Harri

ThIC STARRy LOlL. San Prmcinco: Idloulld Puba.,

1955.

Ween ee too lovealeton of the aramination of Prandent John

THE DAY 3E2 204

31) November 1963, pp. 91-32.

iTerertal trecrd af the beach of Prialdent Kennedy. New York: America

Co., 1964.

'dior' abne Prentdent Runnedy'e Asossa1nat1on." Saga More

Poz, Sylven.

"Vanaovered Quentiona Abort Preoldent Kennedy'a Abneasiaation." Mastona!,

Ravion,

I1 JanuAry 1966, PP.

"Puneral ol Jchn Flezgerald Lemedy.

34-37.

Illetrated Inder Mova, 30 Honoraber 1983, pP. 8SQ.

8930

Gales, Robert Fobinson.

The rasarainntion of the Prooidents Jurtadictiocas Proba

lena."

Cane, HaJ.

"Why did Keincey

July 1968, ppo S-b.

Gordos, M1k100.

Garnon,

Ratharn.

Cellner,

Saturday liphe.

Ceroheason, Alvin.

Gilliate,

Penalope.

Glikes, Eduin A.,

oscentoned by the Prealdency end deach

Goodhart,

A. Lo

Ryaterles of the Kennedy Assasalantion and the Engllah Preso." Im

QuArterLy Revlan,

Gordon, Bruce.

and me Pirke Two Some Tiness the Ferneds Arannairntion, Fullerton,

Gordon, W1llian E.

Call a he Sonedraison of Preoldent Kennedy," Contemporary Perley, Jason

вгу 1964, pp.

8-13.

Fritz.

"Nach John P.

Kennedya

Tod."

He drel,

29 November 1963, pp.

19. 21992.

ppo 143-145.

Grahm, Pred P.

Greenberg,

Bradley S.

"Diffualon of Neva of the konnedy Mannasination.

Public Opinion

Quarte

28(1964).

225-232.

Groevenor, Halvill

Bell.

"The last Pull Meanure." Natlonal GeorglaphiS, March 1964,

рр. 307-355.

Gun, Nerin

Red Ronto Pran TexAn

London:

Frederick Muller, Led,, 1964.

Fannedy muolono.

32(1964), 1614.

198 Hounded Land: Jeurner through a Divided AwardeR, He Tarks Conard-HicCers,

Amoon, Willian H.

Compy, 1969.

The Shoot1nß Of John P. Yannedy, San Matonio, Texan: The Haylor

аттів, T.C

"Hemo About a Dalla

art, 1

"The Denth of Preoldent kennedy,"

i wear on protes with sorrow done elber 1. la

каома по 1081с.

3 5 3 7 1964, ?

киату 1964, р. 16

HessA, Karoly

Nashuille,

Hegyl,

Henderson,

New York: Coules, 1968.

Herche, Н.Н.

December 1968, pp.

or Uld well Wehers and one assasedn." Uese News and Vorld Rapore, 2

Hessel,

"To heal the woundo.

"Die Hintergrunde des Kennedy- Morde

a A Care De wenchlood: 1963.

"One, in 7 one mango. le

Nounveek, 16 December 1963, PP. 23-27.

Holmaca,

Dallas,

November 24,

Chrlatien century.

HOMARE BO A SCIENDA A MEROTIA!

1555-1556.

New York: United States

tea coattee for the unca natio, 1 dee John Te Remedy

omittee for the Unlted Notlons,

Horoultz, Irving Lo

3-5.

'Kennedy'a Death, Mycho, and Realleles." Iran Action, Jody 1968, 8P

Houto, Marahall.

1968, р.

"president Kennedy's Autopay nas Botched,"' Medical FemcalCh, & March

249.

Where Trach Del1ghtn:

Adventures In Courtroom Madiclog, Men Torks Comaro-Helens,

Move, richony in

a d center 1962. -55

Noverbe 1968, pp. 119-122.

love, Irving.

the death of John F. Kennedy.

i1ca of Democratle Radicallen

New York: Harcourt,

Frare & World,

118, 95p che Poli

Hushes,

Eric t

"An Echo in the Silcnce."

2 Decerber 1963, p. 52.

"Iven Hyrdede lIven of Avorfor?"

271963-64

"Hyannia Port Revlalted."

"Hypothetical Case:

A locater 19, 1, eAT 1ST, 1-53-316, 12 Jouary

1964, р.

"I Just bleard

Some

Shota: Three Shote." KAltor and pralliber, J0 Moreanes 1963, 100 iA,33

---

## Page 263

13-00000

Io's :18; pont-Reinady araragination thrento of magnicide." Marazak, 23 Decerber 1963,

auntine Kentucks,

the mart likenin tena bandart meliss threse

In ?'63 He Surrlrad."

31 Dee let 1966, PP. 1101-11020

In:

It'

Kark, l Noverher 1969,

' and photosphs of hady of Jrk ""Ilms, ll Novenber 1966. p. 93.

21 Decerher 1966, Pp. 29-31.

11 Decerber 1963, Pp. 10-12.

Ag.. "D, BAEl- Helra.

Kennady? Pakten und Phintorac: Suche Nach den Zwelten

lefr.ira, Jem.

"y vsetan le Kennedy', MAr."

MusIcal ReUBeY, 23 Apr1l 1968, pp. 396-

"ir.

•J:*

IT:

"go.

149991999101.

...uld Ione.'

-ath:

1111ng:

"1::

JEr'= Muxdar:

21 February 19-86 2p- 9-10.

il receder 1953,

But Use New

8 Apr1l 1964, PD. 22-34.

T.T2. Me at 110. VeTolde The lamed Pravi end Hou I helped Espare

17 Noverber 1964: The JEX MengEtal Tarifi, epon

DEPEno 10 che long Afteralh of Dallar." Ine Tlmed, 25 Peb-

Libres Jcumal, 1 Jerusty 1966, p. 12.

Mentanto del ductor Saure Plécer Galcan

aal Honzortng.

mentorto de pe derer Jow F. Kennety

Tembren de 1963,

"nikles lack on

nic Pinn, Su 7, 1. P P8. 718-719.

ever me yet, pro Be 100.

narairacion - Corrunlot Veralo.

aramint Alfalto, November-Decerber 1963, pp.

anshininatio: questson of a second inventizacon." Hew Repuhlle, 12 Moverber

2966.

р. 8.

.....aly enmagnination: arsething rorten..."

ünnnels Book. "

6 Зепилту 1967, р9.

Saturday, Event

TurnInp PoRt, 2 Deceber 1967, p. 88.

Rennedy anya thenk you to 800,000 Erteado." Ille, 26 January

1768, рт.

a'ly, Jots p.

an en We Speech of lola Keener t pallo, Marebor 27, 1963. RA Pasor

16 Decraber 1963,

mach:

21 Aquat 1966, p. 6.

selll Mastery.

10 Dct0

p. 230.

31::

Marigo Losther.

Trintfeler für

de.

1956.

Vienna:

wits.

1964.

Kernedy lazal. d. Leafinua?,

¡at doubt: conceming Infucat

by Bad, Epsieda," Look, 12 July

Kopkind, Andrew.

"The Keanery Myntery Reopened.".

Koralovaky,.

llattererol. "

"Panatianun co Vnllanonnar.

У1|еволате, 5. по. 2 (1964), ВО-87.

Kristl, Zvoninir, ot al.'

1963.

Drama M Dallent.

Zagrebs ladentka Xuca "StrarDORE".

RIneger, Albert R.

Kruppo

G.R.

"Day the Irealient died; Its

Kurooth,

Rudolf.

"Gedanken un den Tod John F. Kemnady."

Icinatblatt,

10, по. 12 (1963).

"Labor:

enbook, March 1966, ppo

rankennies-Humaterberze

Union Rally to Johnnon."

Lano,

Mark.

A Citiren 's Disment:

1968.

Hart lone Foolles.

The Man In the Doorun

Reinh to Judprent.

Faucett, 1967.

CBS 18 WTOMR,"

Deceaber 1963, pp.

121 Augue: 1960,0. 38.

uhe Laat Duo Dava

Naval Photo Center 1211-69, Nazional Archives and

Lattimer, Drinu Band Accusca,

"Factore in

Lauzon, 1.

the death of Preafdent Kenned."

e Magazine Macleann

ЯЛ, 26 Оc 19e5 1961

"Incredible Tragedy."

Lefever,

Lemmer, Hate or d tip o

weller

allan City Latt

"Lettera to the Editor; wich editorial coment."

Levis,

"The Bell Tolls In Dallaa."

Levy.

1.

"Day JFK died; what people resember nou.

A Lonely Sumer for Jacqueline.

pp.

Lützkendorf, Pelix,

Makas,

Gyorgy.

"Man Who Killed Kennedy.

A Kennedy-sellkonsas Kullnnant morott.

6 Песетвет 1963, рр. 33А-34.

The Benth of a President, Noverher 20 - lintember 25, 1963. New

"The Death of a Preaident," Look, 26 Jenuary, 1 PebruaTy, 21 Pebruaty, Y Harch,

1967.

"John P. Kernedy:

19 61 19609 U3a1a1, A pe, Ney, Juse

Mort d'un Prealdent."

Portralt of n Prealdent.

1967 (eight serlalized parta).

Plocher, 1967.

Hasinen,

Mansfield,

•H1111nn Manchester's Om Story.

"Lene, U1:11," Raporter,

19 Recenber 1963.

Kapica, 1964.

•et al.

rotind of the litted Staten Capirol

Enri Harren and John W. lictorwack,

lavecher 24

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## Page 264

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Mander man foul! the couplay the murdered President Kennedy!

Los Angelra: Durinu of Intreartlinal Relationo.

Mated frontent did Notion'a Journay.

TE, 25 Noveler 1966,

Four Bark legs in lintery: Negrahar 22-25, 1963.

Les Argaleo: The authos,

"Hosopher 22, 1963."

#. ++10 51001990

5 , 201 рес 1965,196 968.

Anl latin fron Balleg:

the Ironident in Dead.

M: -10, Motor M.

"The Ancassiantion Induntry:

A Tentative Checkllat of Publicationa on

the Murder of President Joho F.

"After great pain; a fomal Iceling."

"Taris, Noverher 22nd, 1963." Imagulate lentt Grisodel, November-December

1966 Pras la More de Kennedy:

L'Anérique devant Elle-Mêre." Eludea: Perue

pa-ines, sylola.

Potea for noo lavcatigatson."

"On CloaLop the Doora, liot

one Eagle, he 166 of the Warren lavestigacson."

The M1n0r157 of One, Karch 1967, pp. 21-

"Paychiatror's Retroactave Clalrvoyaues." Me Minority DE me, June 1966, ppo

"cala ulih Dralo:

Une the kenedy Investigation Hrs Orgmulzed." The Minorsty

al colad are noell. healed event od in ine15 do, necro Photo

Veeaber 22-26. 1293.

Harold.

"Broadcast vs. Source of Information in Egerseat PubliC Cruel-

Irraldenital laragniraloo.

ir: 's, T.nol F..

879.

"Echong of Dallar.

Illustrated Loadon Node,

766-768.

27 Noven

ber 1257, p.

"So 57o'S 1962" Botba, 1 Docesber 1963, PP. 29-

"StraTiona lroalka 22.

Hoverb ra."

26 Moverber 1963.

Jolte, 23 Hovember 1969.

and 5. Lor.i.

"jeeds of Doubt:

some Curation Ahout the Anesaalnat100." Nou

CAle 21 53 160

1?53, ТР.

Dillas di semela el da intrevare." Bentru Aperaren Picll,

imper 1366, FP

pictor

and S-rays of autonay." leeck, 14 Hoverter 0264, Pou Tort Times

"iriw laquity nreded:

quentinan conceriing the abnagainacion.

8 Jnaurny 1967.

«Can SalT marten are it of Prophecy.

"De of eranhesy."" Bender's Bizens,

Malam: The Jonth of Prowlient John Fe Rematy. New York: New Aners-

•10. 95:846.

I?e-

" you brain theery.""

"report fare Meedro on Reaction

Jearuery 1964, po 24.

Antional Broadeneting Corpeny.

The Notions: How Sorres ful Did ITem 29 Poseident;

New Tork: Rendon Houne, 1961

Ilm.

9 Noveler 1363, pp.

18-39.

. Nelona,

Harry.

"If Kennedy hod Survived: Iffe In Reopirator Might lave Beea Ila Pal

Angelen Ilm?.

7 June 1960, ppo do 19.

"New Assasainncion theory;

"He conflict over ansary nato dis

Thompoon," Normerk, 27 Noreaber 1967, PD.

"New Light on the

ЛопаввілAr1О0:

Yes, Moon and Horld Peport,

S December 1966, PP.

a secret agent's story.

WeSe Mona and Morld Reps'

June 1964, PD.

38-39.

Newmas, Alfred.

Clarkoon

The Ardennination of inhn le Kewnere The Renon Why. Are York:

Nichola, Dr. John.

"Notes and conrnent."

"Pres dont Kennedy de 1965 2, 10 July 1967, р. 122-330

"November 22,

"How the Trumpet Sumons AgA1D.w",

Busineng Herk,

23 Мотежет 1961, pp

"How the U.s."

gete JFK autopry.

0'Brien,

Conor C.

"The life and Death of Kernedy."

Her StAtemen, 71, no. 1818 (19

30-51.

"No one Eloe but hiu."

O'Toole, Dr.

James Ro

Now StaLeamp,

"Mourning a Prenident.

30 Septcaber 1966, •pp. 479-481

255.

oychiatris Puarterly, 40 (1966), 1.

"On the far Right:

The Aconesination."

"On the Witting of Contemporary

"Dervald'a Hiatoric DiaTy."

Hfstory."

At lan 12, 12 ph 15h2, P96

21 De 19hgr 19636 - 384-385.

"Other Guna."

Neunucck,

er 2u6y, 196615.

PP. 26-31.

PAcIo, VIcente A.

30 Deceaber 1969, P.

98.

"Bate Carpalga did 1t.

MacklI Graphis, 25 Decesber 1963, pp. 2,

Paster-Donce, Mollie.

"Letter fron London. "

"Por1e:

le Coup de Dallan."

6 Decenber

Parlach, Alexander Von.

1967, pp.

"pathologint Sleuth Reopens Kennedy Controversy: Suggesto JTX auffered from Midlaon 'e

Dlsease."

Science Neur,

22 July 1967.

"A Permanent Record of What He Watched from Novenber 22-25, 1963." IV Gulde, 25 Jere

1964, PP. 23-45.

"Plot to k111 Kemedy? Rush to Judgeat 10 Men Orlesa," Saturday Burnt

23 Noverber 1966, p. Br

"Plety of 1t." louish Ermiler.

Pomerantz.

Charlotte, comp:

Decerber 1963, p. 3.

"Portrait of a Paychopath.

the Mond of the Nation.

inswerk, 16 December 1963, pp. 82-94

New York: Marzind and Mussell, .

"Procen a Dallas."

9 Fcbruary 1965, PP. 117-116.

"President Kennedy Aanageinated." The Time, 23 November 1963, p. B..

President Kennedy's laat Hour (morion picture).

"Priceless Role."

Puche, Ignacio, coup.

Marginnco: el nachinato de limpedy en code nue detalled. Mad

1965.

Rand,

Michael et sl.,,

irsk1n,

Магсив.

"Rush to Judgrent.

London:

"Reactim in the South."

"Reaction to k1111ng0."

Noynwack, 16 Decceber 1963, p. 27.

"Reaction to the Anasalontion;

ctence linen Lettere 7 Decerber 1963, p. 35

respondente.

«cerpio fron reports to Irl-tim Century'a seva co

"Report frm, the IRI:" Mrunvert,

Royas Monroy, Jone Lulo.

ДА 25 ле, 8 1119, 9, 63-20619.

Roberto, C.

sala: Tip. laclunal, 1965.

Enenden lalico de Amrira, agaor John Y,

'Eyeudcorse in Dallan."

Roberta, Charlen W.

Nounsnck, 5 Decerber 1966, PP. 26-29.

me Inith shaus the Maragnination

"Murder most foul."

How York: Groance aod Dualep.

AuRue 1964, PP. 20-106.

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## Page 265

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Sr.'er, D. "Pio Elen for enllectire quiit." lele Herm and Marld Peport, 9 Decrubar

1763, р.

72.

"rii: 10 beig the

report na donnedy Asonaninatios." llos. lam rnd Vurle Roport, 12 Occo-

forr 1964, po

".. y en furterene:

A'Conierention ulth Mark Lone and Erlie de Antonlo." Illm Comment,

Fnl!/'ülacer 10i%, PP. 2-18.

q..:ll, Parerand.

Parante, N.J.

r....1), f.

"Mort to about Dallan.

que Dafon " Tota 6 Screenier 1366, PP. 887-0894.

•. Martin в.

!.. celyan,

Erly.

Now York: scarecron,

Sournik Monthly DiargE, June, Auguat,

E-l'sget, Plesse F..G.

"Wich Kennedy," Good Houne Lirping, Auquat 1966, pp. 37-67, 158,.

-- al 8a6er 10, 17, 2700

'TribUsa Co Jola le larmedzo Chicago: Encyclopedia

Briemnica frees, 1905.

"Ho Killed Kennerty"" Progesanive Marezing, l'ovember 1966, pp. 36-

"penolutiona of the lIberal Dilcana lo che Marsaination of Pres1-

!.1.1, 5.

•1. A131T161.

•Алгдет.

John l'it :gerald Kennedy.

Saturday Evening Post,

icconi er 1963, pp.

:-'de, Eloter !. Parandetie, comp. Ibe IrITPCE BUeMOnA Ilejolin F. Remedy. New York:

1964.

•*1ke', F.R.

"iovealer 22, 1963, e Prychiatric Evaluation." Sclence Digeat,

3?-41.

ios, Alf.00).

Dallen unch den Kennedy-Hord," Der

(1?9?).76.

- 11e.n,

"Per tard son callen."

D'e 3e1t.

nad triens of sanasalner lon Thrordon.

ER JEE. May 1967, pp.

1361, Pp. 104-107.

I4 Becerher 1963,

Procographic-AnalyGis shows no New Evidence."

Time, 26 May 1967,

EARE DE PeRON, 28 Docember 131.3, P.

Ehil That Girai ad our futur?."

"realey fless.

1k34 Wrer 1963, P. 6.

alted Prene International fn.d.

che acaro behind che Kennaulr agarnalnation

TAn Ca:d4, 1966.

45-Sp2 e che cretite of che fannedy Anasalpollon. Hashington: l'Avant

The outhor in. de,

-iperm1901m Cheero ile lennety-ietendat.

P021221-70)1291-PTRxIS, 55 (1964), PP. 159-

inesdare G. "Rerredy."

copereber, pp.

sed s1-549 Sene,

SepPuter, "Pa-s2.

40-50: 24 Aurunt, pp. 37-50; 1

57-60; 19 Octobre, pP. 50-53.

.let Prega

content folloriag

Keancity'e Icach."

Curtent Digeat of the soviet Prana,

Lecester

1963, рр.

3%

anI N.X.

Denzin.

"Levels of Knouledie In an Emergent Grinla." Soclal Forcee,

:т 1955, pp. 234-237.

-suc, RIstard 8..

le Arsenalnacion of Prensieat John P. Kennedys the Application o

ora to che loregrepil= Evidenc.

a°-r.n.

ragg, 1-9ja8

"grilutre to olen Fa Kennrde."

1341-1314.

Piet tork: WI

ip-ta rins

eda.

21/30071

".J.:

A 597 027

ro per on ches trigser."

a saltim of che

paltò, A.Co, edo Heprepuntative

Con P. condis nerone on hea

Itlopk, Februarz 1964, pP

8-9.

ne Kermedy scoth Misterio M

"Dan Teuflinche Spiel um dan Kennedy-Hord.

Mianpluckt."

ner Trick den Velthreintern Purchachrut aml

Rablenlache rumiarionos,

"'Thla 1o a Great Nox1on."'

0г. 19 (2963), 1, 3.

"Th1s nation,

Eronclat,

under God:

I01-JU2.

senectent by the editoro."

37-39.

J0 Mar her 1969e perrie MAtas, Sentary 1054. 5p.

Thonna, J.

83-08.

"Le Monde Libre et de Grise de Dallas." la nortelle porre Ineconcsonale, 1 6

Thoupaon, Joeinh.

Sex Serende In Dallas.

Thompoon,

lew Yorks

Traend.

6 Decorber 1963, PP. 52A-527.

Thorpson, w.C.

Kennedy.

A BIbILORIOPUL SE LIECInENER TeletIng In che Annaniratim of Preeldent Jah

"A Thousand Dnys."

sian Antondo,

Texan (o.d)

L1fe, 16 July, 23 July,

1965.

30 July, 3 Norcabor, 12 Movesber, 19 Novesber

Deston: Houghton Mifflia, 1965.

Teznn Stnte Journnl of Medicing, January 1964, pP. 60-74.

New York: Bemard Gelo Arnoclaree

fare the decennen 11n.

5 Decenber 1263, p.

Tobin, Richard L.

Coverage of the Kennedy Abannoination Story. "

Saturdor Pastay, 16 Deccober 1963,

The torch In Panat; the anaclnerd Preen Story of the Death of a prealdent. Hew torks

Andociated Presa, 1964.

"A Tragedy and n Ciallenge."

"Tragie Day In Texan,"'

Durinona Verk, e Novenber 1365. p.

3 10 Новет 1 6963, р. 124.

Hughe ovew lighe on the

Tupa, Stefan.

and norld Rapere,

8 June 1964, pp. 38-39.

Declaratil ad Ipoteze."

Turabull,

"Notea fron Texna."

Титось, w.u.

Co 1 12 456h 9613,59. 9-20.

S."'Some a tre parallel e e e l se sor. kennedy."

"Tuo Mrs. Kennedyn.

4 Aprll 1967, pp.

935-336.

volsed Prez 1o 25010020 70h 0 Puntato 91 Arle penere, Hormebar

U.S. CongreaB.

Comeletce on the Judiciaty.

Mont Lon of Prendent John F. Kenneds

arcompany ll.J. Resdlution R52. Decerber 10, 1063.

2nd Scosion, 1944.

"Unraveling the myntery

"Untold Storice:

Hous and Horld Perort.

of the ansaseination of Joha Fa lennedy; che officlad acory." Dese

5 October 1964, , pP.

Alieranti of che Assasination.

1964, PP. 58-62.

Les. Neun and Horld Report, 12 October

Uruquay.

Biblioreca del Poder Legialativo.

aconim de su folleinlento.

"UsA-Kennedy-Attentat:

"USA printdontenochutz:

l'ord in der sonne, "

Penater 2u."

"Une and Abune of Stock Footnes."

по. 49 (1963) 86-87.

Usliakoo, G.

"Dallao Merry-Bo-nousd.

Pla CommEnE, FAll/HInter 196%, pP. 47-3J.

Ven Der KrTz, RIchard K.

VenkAteBvAratao, Forlurt.

Reanedlharao táno Madona, Mor-da anco

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## Page 266

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"''Il Strast BrOITES PASE After the Crisio."

30 Movester 1963, pP. 28-31.

Perrain ju Riflen."

'a Tila Man Sere?"

hiresco puttonk " Time retary lot presened, lieggenerd, 60,5o. 437 (1968), 89-917.

"'et they saw that Dreadful Day 10 Dallas: Tearloony and Evldence Publlahed." Newsweek

1 December 1966, PP. 2A-30.

chat & Sepd reer 196, LEe, " Auguat 1965, PR. 62-65.

"For tregldent liemedy:

"Dre winlied Ens a Cry, a Sob..

Hed feet sorted free.

2 July 1569, p. 642

The TimeR, 9 October 1966, pP.

"Dalino? bat mere."

Y Decerber 1963, p.

1963, pp. 5-7.

Cene on Dels septender the yo

•id After you jerr's Aserica:

Minds in Sereni.

Surrent etreat of the soviet Preas.

8 lasuar: 125:, po. 18-19.

'• World and the wille finuse."

in- id listened ard intened:

iratech, 15 Deserber

161/amee7 1967, Pp. 22-23.

B. WORLD OPISION AID EFFICIS

I.... Than 1.

"Te henred? Argasciration:

¿arly choughts and Enotione," Public Oplolon

¡ia: ional Miaion Center, liniversity o

Elle Mechy, nd Pulls cried. Chicago:

#.

"Ducationa fron abroad.

ca. 5 104 1966.

This Curat he true."

Look, 6 December 1963, pp. 129-

lan of rusle."

"i'lecesur Gulle 10 the ü.S.?

• are Coal tele, lock at the forld: with Excerpte from Addrens by

we..

neton or rector untran

and bar ld Esport, 16 Preember 1963, p. 10.

The Ansannination of Preslurnt Kennrdly."

elm of "Burdrit of pulle."

Creation Gratick, 81 (1964), 243-

"Tue demody

Morainstion dE Virued by Conunint Hedlo." Journallon

marine tune

(Pimper, Jenets ('Cenet," paeuda)

"Letters from Pardo," Moy TOrtET, 1 Deceaber 1963,

Greenberg, Bradley S. and Edwin B. Parker, coln.

122, no. 5 (1965),

Belgium; Prostier Compony, 1968. (Al80 10 Carass ent

"Hou America Felt.

lourrack, 16 March 1964

¡lone sorrouful bad; worid reactions.

Jural Procesulul de la Dallar.

oplalon." Neunusck,,

HcG11l, R.P.

"Speaking out:

1963,

8t.

hate knows no direction

36 Lay 1960, Polt, 1o Decebo

"Der Mord von Dal

as Mahot dle Welt."

BeRCgnImE,

"L'Occidente e la Morte di Kennedy."

Rivinta

Radofile, MIroslav.

30 01463) Pkako Je AmerIka Prindla Veat a Zlocanu u Tekasu." Pellerka,

23 November 1963,

Polieska, 2 Decerber 1963, p. 18017.

Raine, Rohn R..

Kcrnedy angassinatim.

Hovenher 22, 1963.

Rajok1, Raytond B..

A nation Gileues:

Rutland,

Sheataley, Paul B.

Ve.:

and Norman Bradburn.

"AssassinatIon!

Sheatsley,

Paul

Prellainary ieport on Publie Reactions and Bellavior. "

Put 11c Gainion Quarterly.

28 (1954), p.

"Sovlet Press Coment Follouing Kennedy's Death." Current Digest of the Saulet Presa,

18 December

1963, pp.

Tavata, I.

Reply to H1.

"Tragedy in Dallas:

Brandon a "Questions from abroad," Saturday Revleyisa6-1590.

27 June 1964.

setters

Portatian Censure,

Wolfenatein, Marcha

and Gilbert H. KIlman,

acudies.

New York:

Doubleday,

W1lBon, J.J.

Unt 1m.

Marzent & Munoell, 1964.

"The Horld Resounds:

Reactions to the Preoldent's Murder, a Symposlun: Ner fork, by la l

by

J. Blewert,

Washington, by S. Quibles.

sogata, by

Andrade. Milwaukec,

London, by lo boyle.

merica,

14 Deceaber 1963.

World Heeps and Walta."

Buntness Horld, 10 loveaber 1963, pP. 30-31.

WARREN COMHISSION

"No Warren Inquiry atarta; intcot on the apaadalaation." VoS. Nein and Horld Report, 30

Deceaber 1963, pp.

28-30.

"The annaralnat lo:

The Harren Report." Hounweek, 5 October 1964, PP-32-40, 45-52, 57-6

6.7-04.

"Autopay on this Harrea Corarinaion:

"Retween tuo firen:

Hro. Onvald'a tentiamy to Harrin Coundaadoo."

Choe Pray: ATten c16 Septon er 1966, P8 S65Ss 196

Bickel, Alexmder, M.

"Reexamining the Harrea Report."

"Brave Ilttle nonen.

1964. po 17.

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## Page 267

13-00000

" the latten Report."

"i''e Core Agalane Hr. I."

іІʼзга, А.л.

ГогостЕре бо Шлтся.

-.

were i the bot ho be an

371-372.

"The Wasten Comieslon report end Ita Crleica." Irgutler, Noveuber 1966,

Gins the verrea report maltes vital docusenilapha

1s91-m+

lundolers, Il1.:

NatIo, 11 July 1966,

43-49.

o. po.d» (Joumal of thi

Varrea Cerrirason reports some unmiouered questions" Natiog, 13 June 1966,

Darren Cominaloo repores testiony of the eyevitaeaoeo."' Nation, 20 June 1966,

arrea Report and the Irreconctlabless

r-aches."

26 Februaty 1968, PP. 277-281.

Theorien of Joofsh Thoupeon and Sylvia

Mir. =911,

196d.

Critical Reactions to the Horren Report. New York: Marzand &

"ford, x.

za81, Frbert ?.

Ware ly acher Enrion October 1964, p. 40

1:11, d0=.

Now Yart Unsveralty Low Revieu, May 1965,

in hit Tope so evidence: The Merren Renot ond 100 Collies. Neu York?

pr B, Mere end Sle Matthews,

collector there on, lpha of spe Marren Reners, Covine, Collf.:

Mentales of cha larren Report, Los Angileo: Masoctated Professional Service,

I-lloper, Paris.

questioning the verdict of the Warren Croalsudon." Homeck,

1345, гл. 11-12.

"The bärren Report: The Death of a President," LIberation, January

"Eatterini:

The

nan.

'Alian Tallen ensuera lierren Peport

,. Herch 1965, рр. 3-5.

Bretenente, Decerber

116.10g Fret.

Tate the Warren Comtanger and the carabltchernt of truth. New Yorki

¿frald of the Warten Report?"

Dallra: Tie Warren Reper:

Time, Detece!

December 1966, pp. 2064

arren prel'e tercit."

1; cmcclag la'ren Cemalenion leport."

Pulllahara' Neckly, S October 1966, pp. 43-66

Saturdey, Reviey,

AT lem spelne. January 1967.

Greater Philadelphla

Erd sohn Ra selled, Portralin of an Annaasln. Now York: Simon and Schuoter,

Fr..., inul L.

The Warren Gormission and the Pourth shore

o! Perrnale Pact Findlr.p,,"

A Refleciion on the Fundamentale

Generadles lens and Dalnelma of the Herren Report

Suren and M. Lone. "

Now York Unsvernity

Arinalnatder and the Enslish Presa." lou Quarterly

•por thse copiera

i Marren on the Anangainacion of cho

store die liarrang

uorld fenrst, la septerber 1964,

"E'r'ad Condeetm One-sullet Theory Exploded." ArgeRy HogazinG, July 196%,

.. fred the KarTes Ranort o

Jacobaon, De. 76-11.

Warren Comalesion Report," Neu StAtenmm, 15 JeDuary 1

"al hy lewapaper." Nou York Untvorally Lou Reviry, My 1965, 1

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Schrurizer Verinpuhour,

The Geps in the Harren Peport.

Marzant & Munoell, 1965.

elIminan Inventory of the Recorde of the President s C

on the Ansaralnatim of Pronident Kennady.

Records Service, General Servicen Adminiatration, 1970.

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wurder of Kennedy:

a previou of the Warren Report." UoS. Now and Morld Re

1 June 1964,

pp.

43.44.

certo, Richard W.

The Scavengers and eritten of the Harren Repart; the endlese parado

New York:

Delacorte Preso,

Lifton, David S.,

corp.

1967.

Publications Inc.,

Docume didendm to che Harren Report, Lod Angeless Sightle

Lynd, Staughton.

"Courent by Staughton Lynd."

MacDonald, DuCeti of the warden he brt.e

"A Crisique of the Harren Repore.

Abram Kee, Garch 196s 1392.

In Walker, Gerald, ed. BeAt Magazine Al

A Grienue of the Warren Commanion Renort. Englevood

The Bet Rolate arch the veer. Cologn Calle

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larian Coomlentm, the suchartelese?

Subject index to the Harren report and hearings and exhibite. New York; se

"Spotlighe on Warren." London, Now Stateroon, 2 OCt

"The Harren Renort: the Trlurph of Caliban."

Michel, Armand.

Tea Report the or an of 11 An on late, 1 crote 186 1?

M1llo, Andrew.

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Mte-June 1967, pp.

"Hyatery makers;

Die Krlesker des Warren-Reporto." Pirakfurt an

evaluntion of the Harren Cornission report and 110 eric1

Packer, Herbert L.

Ten departe asce one veten 276170, 2 Nov

P. 295-299 he barTen Cominalon, An PAStOrIal " COMARLAST, January 1964,

Popkin, Recharan.

"The Second senld:

The Case for the Consptracy Tehory." New Tor

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"Reactia to Marten Camolnaton Report.

Keratin deo be october 75 28, -275,

"Reporting the Roport.

Rifkin, S.

Renis to M. Kespion.

76 Darnhar 1024

Marn, 12 Per der 1961, Po 0-170 prosecution Me 3e

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"'ad and salem duttl

12 Decerter 1969,

ismails,

VIncent J.

Complanton to Investigate the nonnualoation of Jo Kennedy." Ilme,

26-27.

Barik

irhornean.

md Mack Wouzen...

"Toe Marre?

Rrportl A Ihilat iphila Layer Annlyzes the Preslent'o

"Ine sher Warren-Per ihE

Alleratteg. March

1965, pp.

14-12.

no.1(1963),

her den Tod Prastdent'Tiennesyn Glaulwurdig?"

July 1966, рр.

• shey, Miere fi made occa on pes, p. 39259101o Report.. Jaertem har

ray!an, 22 July

:1 5007, W.

1967, p.

navld.

BS Nous Inquiry; the Warren Report." Saturday

14, 16.

"The Varren Peports Letters from Readero." Coomentarte ApTll 196%,

÷ 15777, Jahn Had.

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Hey York:

Alcer the seanseinaiton; a Praltive appraiant. of the harren reposs

yo8.

"-poolua on the tinfren Coonjanior Report." Nos York Untvarsity Lin Reuder, May 1965.

406-524.

of she rye corren or are, 27 great barer'y Mootlz, 2 October

Verdict, De Men Aone." Horld Mark Hopartre, 1 Detober 1964,

"'se nigntire editbita; photographa and S-taye tuined over to the National Archives,"

14 November 1985, p.

sno.

the Warren Counission and the publar Interest."

Prefre, February

6-14.

Fy 196iy Par 6u Report."' Atlan, February 1965.

.. Pres186% a aston on the branselnatim el President dennedy, A Cmela Commention

i che , Ardon Ferory on the Canine of 1ohn P. Kennede.

Washington: 6.0.P. 1964.

We For hey are it Po lent John F. Kennedy,

slaten.

are en roars me he More tires for me alcion.

M=5, ma-H: 11, 1964.

= three a not enough; voices speasing do contradaction of reporti

Life, 7 October 1366, p. 38.

28 Decesher 1963, F. 445.

Inha F. larincay.

Hee: Poto, 1956.

In frosa, Gerald, ed.

Ile Patma 1b11127 2f the Press, lieu

irry letter, 10 Octoser 1964, p.

..

y-10.

November 1964,,290-295.

"Tha Warren Report:

Moe to urdur the a dach Evldence.*

"Warren Report Hrong,

College Teacher Sayo."

"Warren'a Secret."

SamAR 7, 1 t 1967 167, 0. 10.

Weaver, John D.

The Man, The Court, The Eard.

the report on the barren Peport.

Death of the President.

The Warren Commienion on Trial. Coulna, Callfornia

collectora Pub.,

White, Stephen.

Should ve relieve the Warren Report?" New York: Machillen, 1968.

D. LEE HARVEY OSWALD

Review of L'aftaire Davald, by Leo Sauvage.

Ansbacher, Heinz and Rowena R.,

nual, by too Saune 1812e, decoder 1965, 18:

Ocrober 1965, PP. 249-250

as the plot unfolds: cane

Et Defensoret for Dovald Indleveret."

Bay. Don'T not on Can a

Cooke, Alistalr.

"Couma Mancheater GuardIan, 27 Navember 1963, p.

C.S. Neug and Horld Report,

Ducorny, Aoran and Leon Friedman.

Grahaw,

J.J.

"Acquittal for Nuald:

Commonscal, 21 Apoll 1967, pp.

149-151.

Grove, L.

"Did prese presgure kill Osvald?"

pp. 78-79.

U.S. Nour and Norld Report, 6 Aprll 1964,

Hastinge Yichael.

I unquey outer screak of Independence Broughe on by Nexlect.

"He was my brother: excerpte form lee (R.L. Nawald and others)," Look, 17 October 1967,

Hewes, Henry.

"The Theatre: Sensing History."

Holmes, John Clellon.

"The Sllence of Dowald."

BuT Rave. 1925, 19P.

1925 1960, p1-402

"Il nauald had ared, could Islal Jury lave Been Found So Try Hlm." Broadcart10s,

Jackaon,

Ham nia.

6 Лапчату, 1964, рр. 52-53. леклее "

Joesten, loachin.

Marina Dunld.

As lobeden: 21 119643, 5691-351 1966, pp. 681-80.

Usuald:

4A11. 202 Fan New ;

New York: Marzanl and Munoell, Inc., 1964.

Inlinton,

walde The 1rueh.

Irlschlla.

Ногрет'я, Apr11 1966, PP. 46-30.

Kempe.on, !1.

"Daunlal, May lie lave Some Facta, Plenne.

Lane,

Mach.

"Diwald Innocent?

A Lawyer's Brict."

"Lee nowald's Him telln her stor:

•1d Prnort, 17 February 1964, p. 1

Manna. Roser and Gone Pinasn

Associated Penfenalonal Services,

Matter, The lee lor Muald Bles mly. Hollywood

HeBimie. De.

W.S.

MacDonald, Duight.

---

## Page 269

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20

"mrald and the wright of evidence."

"Disale kalling Discunned."

"wald mystery

"Prald'a Crie Aaninge the Harrra Cornlosini.

Ploarrik, Starley.

1963, р. 355.

30 March 1964,

p. 45.

Faivere, Leo.

Reynolds, Futh "fera Dowald,"

coroner,

March 1967, pp.

122-127.

rantk u srtled,

L'Affalse Dentd: Rongmac au Rapport Harren.

25 AuguRt 1965, pp.

Les Editiona de Minult,

München: Molden, 1967,

pp. 55-56,

and onlnsions of the

"The Second Onwald:

24-26.

An Exchange of Lettero."

рг.

2?-94.

крон 2 и в 196, e Der 2966,

Rico York:

Le send tale des and a bed ney yorkle?.

Pagennt Press,

Jot.a 11.1.

intford, Jem.

Apral 965, 3kg teres About mallo dun, 3966.

Populer Sclence.

, March 1965, pp. 173-174.

• Strange World of Margueri

"rerange bingle! Lee Dadald:

McCall'e, October 1965, pp.

mehs), PArt 1& lacerber 1963, P. 60-62.

che Assognination." VoS, News and World

' L?.. are Chald would hive been agultled for the murder of John te

"''as mual? sulley?

In Leader, 22 November 1965, pp. 16-2.

1955, рр. 399-403.

Judielal Surring up of tre Harren Reporz." New Statesnan, 12 Mar

•cei in che Sun;

'9t, jesantia

p. 57-59,

"rata O11vlla, Manuel.

Colushima, 1967.

¡Queen dio el fusil a Osvald! Bogota: Editortal Revlatal

E. JACK RIBY

;MBa15Inat1on: A Nanentley for Miscory.",

"Verdict ma lack. Fuby."

He la 196) 967 22341 328, 10A-71, 140

-111, Melusn H, and M1.C, Carroll.

Dallas Juntle: The Peal StOry of Jack Ruby and M1e

Pauld Molity, 1964.

'1r7a, s.

TrE 1S: Yublic Relation Fole 1a Rubi Casu." Edttor and Publisher, 1

"tabas, Pr. Join W.

FebrUn 1964 Ra Jack Pay K111 the Hore Man'' Argoay, Septeaher 1967,

PP. 23, 26-101.

#lios, Sentors.

5u Ар 1е осеред 1" ваді в

"The Leat Machess of Jack Puby.

"on "i lek: ¿pianony of Jack Puby do the Harren Comnlasion." I129, 28 AuRust

To at Maders: People wo. Jask Suhy, Allege and sew York; rollert,

c..... Elror ant Maine Ba lileopletro.

Riby Tried. '

Lara ny eat ten that grin one mad Scott." Is,

¿i fabre ga 196a, FO. 30-J1.

13, Jarchin.

' La várteé Sur Locas de Jack Ruby.

":'esng lie pen; preature dielosures," ineck, :1 July 1964, p. 50.

3, Juna sad Joo Ra Waltzo The IrSal Of Jack Zuby. New Yorks, Maculllen, 1965.

21

Leuts, Richard Harren,

27362E2

saturds burning Poss,

"Appoinement in Dallna:

of Jack Ruby, " Saturday Even!

•Pazté1'1 Bine pe Ruby.

1: 26 hare 1264, P. 18-11.

"public Relations Pira Seta Presa Ruled TOr RubyeD TrEAl."

"Ruby and the King of Torto."

"Screen Teat."

A TV Spectaculars tar a stahas ch 1966h 2964, . 12.

10. February 1964, p.

before Warren.

Worthington, Peter.

"You All Know Me!

нас кад і а заск вибу."

Paquire, May 1967, pD. 79-87, 157-266.

"Any number can play:

Berendt, John.

Euidence."

Besson, Haldener.

Din ZolE, 19. 00.

Buchenan,

Thorns G.

Lar408.

Newton.

Cutler, Robert B.

Print.

ork

of

let them Maue lianes and Produce thes

verk?'

New York:

i Reto, 126261.

Illelut of CR399: Evidence of Coaptraci.

Beverly, Mean, 8 Onas.

Euldence of Conspiracy.

Danvers, Maas,s

Мгтот Ртека, 1971

Epotels,

Dallen Cant To Work:

Counterplot.

Holl1a,

M.ll.:

The author. enodo

"No compiracy but perhaps cuo aseaasing?"

September 1966, pp. 52-55+.

Planteen

intrasy interpretatime of the pranaginacion of Prealdent Keune

neemacimal and homestl

veroity of California Security Studies Pros

1OCC NU90C10

Los Angeleo:

Unduerolty of Callforta, 1968.

Gooset, P.

Hartogs,

Hermann,

H111, Richard J and Charles M.

Parto:

Prenoes de la CItE,

New York:

Croucil, 1965.

19, no. 15 (1964), 1.

a Test of the Regularlo,

41, по.

of Jnin Sparron nd Sylvia Meagher."

"A Matter of Rensonable Douht."'

Revu Hopazine.

8 Уапияту 1967, рр. 18-26.

"More than one mon."

deneha of people Involved in cone." IlM, 11 Movzaber 1966,

"Nou lalpht on serend Anarngin Theory, "

"Hew orleans and the Culma: Who was rely o Help mad a 20 ebruary

"phantamporla; uho airdered Kennedy?'

Vorcent! Saraleukt 21nc,

RICa, JOhn Ro

2, M, he be 1564, P)S 298-300.

Muat Has Rock of liennedyle Mulder.

MurAtreaboro, JEBA.s Sword of the

Lord Pullahero,

---

## Page 270

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Treans, Marlendo

3men00, J088.1l.

"Chance of dealon?"

Естрів (тот S1X

2 December 1967, PP. 27-31.

larsen, Darld M.

"alt'ers, Harold.

it ee dober 196, 196-10.

Burled Prcof of a Conspiracy!"

12 20 22 0 20, 22, 90e of Coapsy Wieh the CA. Neu Torks Cayon

SA89, Apr1l 1967,

"•Ich, Barld and David Litton.

"The Care for Three lasarsine,"

ay poten are be a can tores on 1a 1, 7 309-27-200.

C. JIM GARRISON

"All the alenento."

Hamiack, 10 March 1969, pP. 36t.

'menne of = Garlar a Inventioncion Inco che

rarelion ond Harren,

Research Publicatime,

MannelnalIon of John l. Kennedy: che

Anything In Carenon?"

Mlnor15z,0r One, October 1967,

Fourion Street Rocoer,"

History or lleadlines."

3 March 1269. p. 26.

Here and Why It Bepan.'

Hey Oricens, April

1967 29 Barrinon'a Inventigation of a plot to k11a JK. " Nevourak, 15 May

How fork:

•Sor terrieri.

JeT Garrison's Incestigation. "

Clarkoon N. Porter, 1969..

6 March 1967, p. 32.

erer of conepiracy,"

7.

poo: 36-37.

гад ві.С. @тіза.

"You Orlema:

Rsporter."

7. PP: P;-20:

"?. ', 41r.

Ror Jhe PA Physickon rare pologe lie and X-rayo." Mouseek, 27 Januar

1969, р. 27.

Jo Garrior's Investipation," IInE, 26 March 1967, Pp. 17-18.

Ilma, 1 March 1969, ps.

22-23.

'The Prero:

24 Februaty 1969, F- 33.

12-11, 52-53.

Its Actions and Reactlons," Neu Orleans, Apr11 1967,

- of che ilurrices.

R: - 15, 79-81.

"GArrison." Here Torter, 19 July 1968, PP- 95-40, 42, 49-52, 56-56,

Inder Fire.

: 1aor

vs. the icople.

".?d,

Alce.

7 Treat harsh true.

25 Fel-ruaty 1967, p. 730.

Reporter. 8 February 1968, p. 10.

"Ciey sim Talle' His Story."

Chranel li, ieu Cricana,

"S1o Garrison Telle

11 March 1969.

Irma:Tipt Of TV Inceruler, Station WUE,

Amnel 1i.

"acelurble connlvsuce.

Nev Orleano, 13 March 1963.

TraSoCrIfE of TV LACerUleN, Scallon WVUE,

Irmy, Erelyn.

• Fonerary md Jack D.

Sunday. Ilmen, 26 Pebruary 1967.

Orlamma:

relican Publicationn,

The Carrio 1on tase and 153 ca0s

сісату бати.

te us The pren, londons Peter Davnay, 1961.

"I..

•:9909r11:

Goes séaasa."

lie tensedy

Набо M9:д

end Unrid o.

21 February

• I Februay 15 1969

charges, concerning lia Carriaon'a TV. broadcanc."

23

"More than a Man 1D the Dock."

1969, рр. 26-29.

"Neu orle ma Plot.

Norden, Erle.

Sie care ch an enron on the 22

candid converention with the Eubattled Dinerlet Attorne.

of New Drlenna."

"Odd Corpany.'

Phelen, Janca.

1o March 1267, pe

October 1967, pp. 59t.

24.

The Vice Man Corseth." Saturday Evenlor Pont, 8 Jui

Pouledge,

1963. 8'c

67-71.

Roberts,

G.

"The

Case of 8im Garrison

Neu York Tinen Magazing, 21 May

1967,

рр. 32-35.

Rogers,

"Round One."'

"Shutting Up BIR MAK."

3 February

25 Auguat 1967,

"Sideshove in New Orleans."

"S1ft1ng Fact

288, 48-50:

Pron Fantady;

Vac of Truth Druga In Jia Garriaon's Inveatigncion." Ilse,

"Sleight of lland:

i Match 196 CaPe on's Monasanation Investigation Extenda to FBI and CTA."

22 Mny 1967,

..

"Swolling, through.

27 Janunry

Salth, Merrinan.

"Is cortion maul sure bi ividence." Menchenter Guardles, 18 M

1967,

p. 1.

"Tales of Gartinon."

"A Taste for Conspiracy.

Ing Economine, 25 March

1967. p. 1145.

"Thickening the Plot: Juda support Jarch on Plot Theory. " Neveweck, 27 Horch 191

Turner, willisann.

"Garrinon Coralauson on the Assasaination of President Kennedy..."

акрагся, Записту 1968, р.

"To for the Secomu."

"What Сonпpітасy?

Testinaly of Perry Ruano.

"What Carrloon Proved."

Per 1961 Blurek, 24 February 1969, p. 13.

Tounge Rogero.

tapart ero le Stando Today'i Nee Orleme, July 1961, pp.

WILLIAN MANCHESTER

"L'Affaire Manchenter."

"Ao the book appegras.

Irtumph, Jonuary 1967, p. 7.

a close look at tire facto:

by H1111m Menchenter. "

"The Aboarsination.

md World Peport,

concerning the Brian of a Pre den So-sa

"The Annassination:

Who Con Understand It?" Keenerk,

пр.

Bennett, Arnold.

Jacklee

Bee Line Booko,

Bobby and Mencheater; The Story Behlnd Ehe lleadllnen. Men Yor

"Book that backfied; core, no Cath 16P CAlden by W111108 Hanchester." U.S. Move

ланог карогЕ,

26 Decerber 1966, p.

Kanchenter' Book Alledgea Con Lag Day JFK Killed," Electronte Novs. ) Apt

and Edward Koaner, "Manchester's Dun Story." Noynueek, J0 January 1967

"The Mancheater Book," The Timeg, 13 Pebruary 1967, p. 13, 16

no be 122, ench set day a co a Tal 61, Po. 217 i Press

Cooke, Allaza1r.

Public relatlong Journal, Aprll 1967, pp. 13-15.

"Preah Shots in Kennedy Book Battle.

Imcheater Guardlan, 26 Januar

Kennedy Suffera Gried She Souphe to Avold." Amcherter Guarslan, 21

Arcember 1966,

he see bends? resident) Wer

Sorlaty, 20 Aprll 1967, pp.

of conpress for the Plocal Year Endine June

1965, рр. 3173-3176.

,are on the eroduceon 5, to A Repot of the lugurt

"Esnes Praldenten Relje

1o den Todi M1ll1as Manchester bericites die volle inhrhels she

---

## Page 271

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"Tree Tilphe free Dallas," Here Popullle, 22 April 1907.

pp. 20-22.

21 January 1967, pp.

Inernaltion an Binnchrnter Attacke Kennedy Fanily

26-27

and Aldo. "'

1 Jor 755 1967, 1P.

"arrielch,

"'еса"я, I.л.

and W.

"The Hol! los tririt."

rnchanter."

Pronarak, 6 Fchrusry 1967, p. 20.

Lineauerk. O Janunts 1968, p.

j633.

Leis rurning fou over Macheater'& Busko" Nowmeek, 6 February 1967,

by Na, lirscheater."

"Tarqueline Kernely's Victory.

•maters, Jonchl.o.

Handch 2 mutty 1567, 9p- 28-29.

2079r, Extrard.

rengner, Paul.

po. 1, J&.

¡ricle, stufre is.

"A Br1111rnt Monale of Evenco." Panorina Maraztes,

"IST: tire Statard Giros Image.

a cr 1961,61, P1.3.

no the Darch of I Preoldens

mitraler.

H112112.

Charges Outdoor lite

incheater henl.:

"Wills ir. Manchcoter's Cun Story."

Пострі!.. Fl.tra

? Aprel 11a7, rr.

22-73.

23 J600 19 1967, Р. 222.

PublIshere Heckly,

-ho Jail.

"irtspetin, lavent and liseful, but so exanperiting." Immorant Magazlec,

1 21 7917 eFfel of Public Figures. Saturdry Ravley, 21 Januery 1967, PP.

scorps.

Spraallar controrerzy," Ties, 6 Janualy 1967, pp. 16-17

ine Book of the Century.'

"Pince:

Gulle and Depth Reactin

Thie Hast Mopeatne,? January 1967, PP. 6a7.

Pall 1966, pp.

to the Deich of a Prealdent.'

Сатту Гар!г:."

Jagula, Jure 1967, pp. 24t.

•:- Help You trop tie Record St-nirht Mout that Book; Concerndar, Ile Death of a President

by un. Peenchenter."

file, sleiglin.

E 542-569 "Tha Isatoren'o OpportunIy," Saturday Havley, 25 February 1967,

PP. 27, 31, 71.

:.. Caller,

S8019a1r.

19135d Booke:

Do told story: why the Kennetue loss the Book Antele. Now Yorks

in a man no go y han e it i rates" senior scolate.

tila, Cary.

i-Dra, Fronelo.

"Mit: chester'& lipheaval."

I, LINDO PAINES JCIRISON

"18-21re. Rile of LBJ md Arnaety:

Elsalems by wa. Kanchenter. "

chind the Puror over a Book, Conceming the Death

22-27.

Se Yeun, and World Ranere, 2 January 1967

•J FRAT, We don Meal: luelete Count, Canyon, Texas:

Perer Damnay, 1968.

tea del are before colo, ones ol the

aad lie Haun ut lontr

Washington:

i.

Johngon, Loßo

"Prentient's Proclaration,

"Johnson takes oath

se nation nourns Kennedy, "

Knebal, I Letcher.

pp.

26-287.

"LBJ on the Ansnesination." Neunweck, 11 May 1970, p. 41.

Lincoln,

Kennedy and Johnson.

New York:

McReynolds,

D.

York Letter:

Macbeth in the White House.

Rise horus " tour dishes Deceas

1966, pp.

22-23.

II. MARTIN LUTHER KING

"Accused killer, a clumsy man with closed eycs."

Adamo, S.J.

'Mcasuring up

the Catholic Prese

and Rev.

• 26 12 1 196 ,re, 380 seeties

4 Hay 1968, р..

624.

"As 150,000 nald farevell to Dro KIng."' UoSo leus and Horld Report, 2? Aprll 1968, Pp.

"ABRaRsination."

Ilme, 12 Aprll 1968, pp. 18-21.

"Assageination according, to Capote."

"Assaseination

shocks nntion; with quointlons."

10 y 1968 to teress, 25 April 2968, 8P.

Bennett, Lerone,

The Strange Case of Jams Earl Pay.

Boutelle, P. et al

Murder in Menphin.

Brown, Mra.

Carocron, J.M.

Clarke, J.W.

and JaH, Soule.

October 1960, pp.

"Deepening, myetery of Dr.

1968, p.

10.

King's Asoanninat1on." HiS. Nows ond Horid ParolE, 27 May

"Did Ray K111

King?"

Motional Review,

"Doctor King."'

National Revieu,

23 April 1960, p.

"Doctor King's murder: nagging queatione remain.

P.

Halberetara,

13.

9 June 1968,

196, 0 2122 of murdering Martin Luther KIng" Men Tort flona Mozer!

Hoto, H.D.

"Story of Jares Earl Ray

and the plot to assarainate Martia Luther Xlog." 1

26 Novenher 1968, PP. 96-97+.

Huse, Н. B.

et al.

"11,y James Barl Ray Murdered Dr. King," Look, 15 Aprsl 1969, ppo

102-104.

"Jauce Rays manhune endo but myateries remaln." US. Nown ond Horld, Report, 24 June 196

34-36.

"King, le the var.

oh, Lord."

Reunwrak, 15 Aprll 1968,

Lomax, Louls.

Tara, 17. Aprll 1968, p. 21.

2401260y true, 1968.

Martin Luther King

and the rishit to knor.

Notes and Comment."

13 Apr1) 1968, pp.

D'leary, J.

pp= 63-69.

Ranction whirlend Ray of partin luller

"Renctione to the mlaying e

i let of butter i Sy are 1969, C: A91? 968, 70-

536-536.

Turner, H.

Untters,

"Sorc

"Where is Jomen Farl Ray?"

'ner spare led potato Not 23 eu, 29 Arl 1968, P. 329-535

"Benle Street and pointo

29 April 1968, 8.

р. 21.0.

"Who killed KLng?"

"Who Killed King?"

17 1 12681960, 26-21.

"Weening Seorch."

"Willard,

Hoodbury, R.

"Year later: honore for Dr. Kingi violence, too." U.S. lice and World Report. 14 April

1969, р.

---

## Page 272

13-00000

aII.

ROBERT P. KENYEDY

"'Hes Accrused:

Pay and S1rlion."

Irceraneh of a tragaty; bog"a deep

17 June 1968,

1 Caz2, ame 1en Pain."

21 June 196B, pp. 24-31.

1.5. Mangg, and Morld Report,

so-ilem Mczllere,

"inbhy Kernedy fecord."

To be or Not To Fe.

Uos- lau2 red Sar lu Paport,

"Reflectionn on the Straho tr1al."

5i raha tria 19 LaCimal Rouloy, 11 March 1969,

"Iron Eapleadi llsa dentti of Kernedy." Cmmurverl, 28 Jure 1968, PP. 429

"Moner of Speaklng: TY coverage mnd radlo coverage, " Sneurder Revlen,

''puhing nymhala."'

" ete, iorencr J.

Kermrdy, nellmied at the funeral," yleal

wach of a l"tctat."

"St-lm throrto tbe Iookliß Blass; "estinorry of pnychlairloe," Ihre, a

Er treid! Henrg a Thanee?"

"Heu Yurkeer Marß

Srly, iEPt 207 Mn Dody * Ina Anpeles

riviona, Br. -fl Dure Aralmle; Suapnet Esven Imprenadon of Cocky, arrogaat

eotsrence. " Lm Auralca Ilaris, l Juns 1.969, Fp.

=e 'ertly rite or che viay to a leserea;

L: 14 29e 1968, 15

Jeaa)).

nich reports ty L. Holeurlpht and I. H. White,"

'stler Dlimers Eulogy for "Gecd mnd llecent Mra'."' LaA ArPeloR IlNes

•0 тлЕРя, Гот19.

7.7.19-09: 1 TASt t08 Babliy.

(001 136 6, y 1-66 Pр. 32-3).

• Gleegei tat pats csarl en Condidares."

n lasldern cnnleao baca. 6 Jeos 1968, pp. 1

7anl, 22 Rovraber 1968, pp

JIl.onI la §POCLAL lOIE SERDIOT: PIX AICIAAIDOlIE2, PeTo JOrk: Rondlo Horno

essa tarorten"

ene doltPie fe sereeder 138, mp. 3. 16.

29 Aprtl 1968. pP. 28-30.

ToT, il the lateat folty IS.l break."

Seatatr E 3 sn, e an heade wos." 1te.

Grore prras, 19:0.

To... ", 110729 B.

oA1a'¿. ""She vire of your Love (Jume S, 1968)." Amerlca, 15 June 1968, back

Pr 198e, Pre32

21 June 1968, p. 19.

1958, pp.

:1...-900 77.1k kar1on

и aralls, 15 June 1968, пр. 3

or lsoridlns, chen bitl: sturnech iod Irpe." How York Tlreeg, 16 Jue

"snest solled caln me lucld, ..Ststumidgferlber hinsell an jordenlan bora

"renl Jer nees sundry an dag for meurainfi

of the kierondy trarety."

Letter nnd the lome."

Letter no the batior "rnth, 3e

1969. p..

Jrose

144.

Lowe.11, Anberl.

Lyoros, Losla M.

"Anerl ea ferel88

Hartls, Demn.

"Resa Martls kalke dove bla drinkinR.

Bobby kerurady.

itelloat al by ortie ralaci - Look 26 becerber 1o.

T đi thể Nay viện nh.-

t urtl, a beriler 196i, 960 6us.

rek. 1т ковтояту 1969.

Kennedy." LAgulTe, Morcater 1968,

Navasky, Victor.

Iee 118*"Robert P. Kennedy, Marelo L. KInR, JoR. Maomas - oho did se to uba

death: uno there a plotio yese Mhrn and Horld Reyort, 24 Juse 1961

C.emady Loye Du 15 Sure 1980190." 1-29: 29 March 1960, 8P- 28-31.

15 June 1968, pp.

Streich, Iroa indiene to Orrgon, " Marlon, 28 Mo.

"Once ARain, Once

asbome.

"Hebranka Prímary, che 1fo, anda,

Arany, tha lon o 1960 l deato Mre Republsc, 18 Moy 1!

pp.

"Other S1rhan;

reatluony of pronecarion'd phychlaerloe." Meunvrek, 16 Aprll 1969, P1

"Paychlatty on trlal."

Reeves, Richard.

The MikInR of a Cantidato 1968.

96867 R 427. 71nco Ragarine, 22 Harr

1968,CCar 25 JuApenda Polsesenl AetIrlesco; Mkn Prayer V1e11." Loa roeele

6 June 1968, p.B 18.

Lonk, June 1969, entire 1anue.

U.Se Moan mnd Vorld RoporE, 17 June 1968, M1

"Robert P. Kennedy and the NeRro.

Roberta, S.V.

"S1rhon B.

Sirhan Iiterary nepotintlona."

."Jul" , . 355), 1960, pp. 22-23.

Panulre, Noverher 1970, pp.

Rogers, Harren and Stanley

iten ma stente, Tretlek," Te o 6 Amely 26 , " -00, 9 July 1960, 1

Lellet" fron Urahington."

"Why 1 en for Kennedy.

Піо, з загу і969.

He t,. 8 June 1968, PD- 38-42.

od payenuauak, "6 Mnuch

arcle ulch Bobby.

25 АрН4 1969 Р. 21-5036 Aprll 1969, р. 3%

dore C. "RFX: a PerBonal feDolT.

Honlilopton; uho's

25 AguAe 1162, p tilleo 15 June 1960, p. 3.

to prycholocical cenen.

HRur.k. 7 Aprll 1969, pp.949

"Three AgArnolnne lone."

"eftness repolte Carl «ald Me'Shot Hia'." Loo Mageles temer, o

Angalen" merlc,

-15 June 1268, Po 163," a vors and unrtd bannne

---

## Page 273

13-00000

28

He las, P.

193.

Welck, Paul i

actions da a tragedy " Samseen, Mugue: 1968, pRo 294a

TORiCUIS, RoberE.

1968,

"Xenanty and McCarchy: 1955-1957 VocLag ReCOrd." jeN ReDub?1S, 11 May

---

## Page 274

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FOlA

FROM:

DE/E/G

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

1.

E/StaL A

2.

3.

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET

(85 76-382 (WEISBERE LMIGATION)

EXTENSION

NO.

DATE

(MAR78

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number. each comment to show from whom

to. whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

Саметь:

5.

6

7.

alone. And recommend

leton of the semaini

part o the menage on

omd, not reement

-puaeypottes

_citama proselenes/process,

- cryptos

- names e14 station aboroad.

Jague e

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

FORM

3-02

0 USE PREVIOU

DITION

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

NTERNAL

SE ONL

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 275

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

-* INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

EXTENSION

d. Stilson

HT - 3

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

1595,g

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

att: mr. La Clai

2.4B-4406

1

3.

REd

E/BC

:4.

5.

EuR/F

Carole Davidson

E/ Staff A

8 MA%

6.

7.

8:

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

M. Stilson

1 1125

HT - 3

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

1-75

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE DATE

2 March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each.comment.)

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in reu

that part of the text you

bellove should be delated

and give the proper BOLA

exemptiun for the deleted

material.

04,0n54E

Also, please review the

matorial for classification.

-Downgrade all documents to

CONFIDENTIAL where possible.

Classification reviews must

be done by an officer with

TOP SECRET classifying

authority. All documents

have been

stamped with the

Classification Review stamp

for you to complete.

Documeats

that you agree should be

downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL

should be stamped with the

downgrading stamp.

if liaison is being claimed

as an exemption for deletions

indicate the part that is

fron liaisou and identify

the service for me please.

Thanks -

Helen

These documents cover DI.

King•

You have already

completed the Ray documents.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 276

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

• Harold Weisborg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

i. Stilson

EXTENSION

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

RECEIVED

DATE

FORWARDED

1595

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-582

DATE SENT

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE DATE

2 March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

7.

9.

110.

1l.

12.

RETURN TO:

do Stilson

1 4045

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg.

öracket in reu

that part of

the text you

bolieve should bo deletod

and give the proper FOIA

exemption for

the deloted

material.

Also, please review the

materlal for classification.

Downgrade all documonts to

CONFIDENTIAL where possible.

Classification reviews must

be done by an officer with

TOP SECRET classifying

authority, All docunenty "

have been stamped with tho

Classification Review stamp

.712500u4ia

for you to complote.

jocunents

that you agree should bo

downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL

should be stamped with the

downgrading staap.

If liaison is being clained

as an exemption for deletions

indicate the part that is

from liaison and luentify

the service for ne please.

Thanks -

Helen

These documents cover DI.

Klug•

You have already

completed the Ray docurents.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

JUSE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 277

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE • OHLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

EXTENSION

i. Stilson

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building):

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

I/PA/SCB

4B 1907

2.

3

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

it. stilson

NT - 3

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1 - 75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT.

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE DATE

2, March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show

from whom

o whom.

Draw a line across column after each commerit.)

Ploase review the attached

docunents for reloase to

Mr. Weisberg. bracket in rou

that part of the text you

believe should Do delorea

exemption Lor the costad

batorial.

Also, please reytay the

material for classification,

Downrade nill documents to

CONFIDENTIAL whore possible

ClASSITICatION TAVIeNS MuSt

be done by an officer with

TOP SUCRIT Classifying

authority. All documents

have been stamped with the

Classification Review stamp

for you to complute. Documents

that you antee should in

should be stamped with the

downgrading stam.

If liaison is boier claimed

as an onton for delection

indicate tro nart that is

tron liaison and renti

the service for me please.

Thanks

iiolen

These docunents covor Ur.

King.

You have already

comploted the Ray documents.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

UNCLASSIFIED

USE ONLY

---

## Page 278

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

EXTENSION

#. Stilson

IT - 3

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

C/EA/StopA

att: Ray smile.

2.

28 FEB 1978

3.

CEA/ JAPAN

4.

1 - MAR 1978

5.

EA/SIA/EXO

1 - MAR 1978

6.

ACER/STA

MAR 1978

7.

8.

DA/ STA/EXO

1

MAR 1378

9.

10.

1.

12.

RETURN TO:

i. Stilson

1121

11T - 3

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE

DATE

2 March 1978

COMMENTS. (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Plose review tho attached

documents for release to

MT. Wolsberg.

Bracket in red

that part of

the text you

bolleve should be deleted

and give the proper FOlA

exemption for the deleted

matorial.

Also, please review the

material for classification.

Downgrade all documents to

CONFIDENTIAL where possible.

Classification reviews must

be done by an officer with

TOP SECRIT classifying

authority. All documents

have been

stamped with the

Classification Review stamp

for you to complete.

Docunents

that you agree should be

downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL

should be stamped with the

downgrading stamp.

If liaison is being claimed

as an exemption for deletions

indicate the part that is

fron liaison and identify

the service for me please.

Thanks -

Helen

These documents cover DI.

King.

You have already

completed the Ray documents.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

UNCLASSIFIED

USE ONLY

•.,...

---

## Page 279

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL*

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

EXTENSION

H. Stilson

HT - 3

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

2.

: Ruth Bles

913 Key

3.

4.

This should le

5.

6.

coordinated

with FBI +

7.

8.

9.

state,

Push

10.

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE DATE

2 March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

12.

RETURN TO:

H. Stilson

HT - 3

14125

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

1-75

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg.

Bracket in red

that part of

the text you

believe should be deleted

and give the proper FOIA

exemption for the deleted

material: (b)(3) (b)(1)

Also, please review the

material for classification.

Downgrade all documents to

CONFIDENTIAL where possible.

Classification reviews must

be done by an officer with

TOP SECRET classifying

authority. All documents

have been stamped with the

Classification Review stamp

for you to complete. Documents

that you agree should be.

downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL

should be stamped with the

downgrading stamp.

If liaison is being claimed

as an exemption for deletions

indicate the part that is

from liaison and identify

the service for me please.

Thanks -

Helen

These documents cover Dr.

King•

You have already

completed the Ray documents:

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

JUSE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 280

13-00000

J UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY

HANDLING

SUBJECT: 100110101)

naruid isberg Appeal/LITIGATIO

FROM:

EXTENSION

do stiison

AT-j

1595

TO: (Officer descension, room number, and

DATE

building)

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FOEWARDED

TE EARIOTA

att: mr. taClai

4B-4406

1

3.

E/I

4.

2/3/7665

E/ Staft A

3.

¡. ¿tilson

......

PIR

RICRITY

HAND ING

=5 3749

SECRET

MEITIAL

Ci

'AL

RECHUD

sitintia.

REQUEST

NUMBER

IP5-76-362

DATE SENT

2a Curuary 1978

A4-+0.0611506:

SUSPENSE

2

darcn 1973

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from.

whom

to

whom.

Drow o line across column offer each conmene.,

i'louse ruview the attached

joininis for rolcase to

ir. risberg. cracket in res

that part of the text you

believe snould be deleted

and sive the proper EDIA

excuption for the deleted

pacerial.

Also,

clease review the

mccrial for classificition.

Soon raid all cocunets to

COrina TIAL where possivle.

Classification reviews mist

be done by an officer with

TUV SLCRET classifying

authority. All documents

mavo voed stamped with the

Cissification

Reviet Stap

lor jou to compiece.

wocwilt..is

tina you agree shoul: ve

should be sta on vich the

downgrading stang.

it liaison is being cisined

is

an exemption for .il.tions

indicate the part ti. is

Iron liaison and

ino.city

the service for no pisse.

Helen

1113°

You nive

dready

concleted the nay occuts.

FOLAR

11:78

iAL

USE CY'LY

---

## Page 281

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

salior

FROM:

EXTENSION

1295

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

1P5-76-352

DATE SENT

SUSPENSE DARE TRY 1076

TO: (Officer désignation, room number, and

building)

2.

att: M.

att: Me. Shill

3.

4.

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

8 - FEB

COMMENTS (Number each

comment to show from whom

to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

6.

7:

8.

FA/STA/EXO

15 FEB 1978

10.

12.

RETURN TO:

militiaa.

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

Please review che attachod

documents for rolcase to

Nr. reisberg. cracket in

part of the toxe

you believe snould be

veloced and cive the

EUIA exemption for the delatre

naterial.

ploose revisk the sacer.

for classitication.

recommond that all these

documents be downraded to

CONFIOLATIAL.

Classificati

Porions must

be done by ar

officer with TuP SaCREt

clussifying autherity.

All documents have been

wiin the chassification revi

stacp sor you to complete.

Documonts Cant you agree

snould be scamped with tir

If minison is beins clainci

excaption parase

isontify the

for

1a00.

has kidd

Chase docuroats caly cow!

tial portion of

moreotaing

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 282

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

162-70-302

FROM:

litigation

EXTENSION

DATE SENT

it-s

1avG

SUSPENSE DATE TRY 176

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

FORWARDED

INITIALS

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom.

Drow a line across column after each comment.)

att: Ma

I: Mr. toy

3.=

H. Milson HT-3

014845

Picase revion ine attached

LOCIGuEs for TOLUaSO t0

Mr.

reisbers.

Sracket it

ceo tilt part of the doxt

you pelice should be

doloied and circ

POlA exonption for tae csiot

máterial.

: 4.

6.

7.

The documents may not be released.

Addis Ababa 2200 (IN 99685),

28 April 1968 identifies the source and

does not pertain to James Earl Ray or

Martin Luther King, of any known

suspect,

accomplice or associate.

To

release it would violate the privacy

of another U.s. person.

isn, please revier the materi

classication.

rocomond that all these

doxinents be soungraded ti

CONFIDUATIAL.

Classicianti

TOVIEWS 0658

s0 Mont

orficer sion tod buoki

classarying

mutuarity.

been sta

The information contained in paras

with dae canssisitorion

8.

I and 3 of IN 00793, 30 AprIl 1908 was

soap for you

to copies

acquired from a liaison source, the

Docinosis rAnt you daTOu

Nigerian Special Branch.

Paragraph 2

identifies a source of intelligence and

the information therein does not pertain

to James Earl Ray, Mactin Luther

10.

or any known suspect, accomplice

a5 di exortion please

associate. To release the information

ideathly the service

131

would vidate the privacy of

another

U.S. person.

CSCI 316/01685-68 may not be released

12.

it merely repeats the intormation

contained in the two cables above, and the

exemptions applied to them are equally

RETURN TO:

(please turn over) tidi cortevi or

i Court!

•. t

flatoonn

concealed diced Ladio Alt

...t..

i.?.

And man demoints Wild

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

1 - 75

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 283

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal

Taligation

FROM:

EXTENSION

H. Stilson

HT - 3

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

". C/EUR/StoA.

4.В.4406

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.:

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

H. Stilson

HT- 3 Ext. 1595

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

SUSPENSE DAtetaRy 1078

соку 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached

documents for release to.

you believe should be

deleted and

give the proper

FOIA exemption for the deleted

material.

Also, please review the material

for classification. 1

recommend that all these

documents be downgraded to

CONFIDENTIAL.

Classification

reviews must be done by an

officer with TOP SECRET

classifying authority.

All documents have been stambed

with the classification review

stamp for you to complete.

Documents that you agree

should be stamped with the

DOWNGRADING stamp.

If Liaison is being claimed

as an exemption please

identify the service for

me.

pane

Thanks,

Helen

These documents only cover

that portion of the request

concerning JAMES EARL RAY.

The King documents will follow.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE

ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 284

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Jame bad day

FROM:

M. Stelsion

HT-3

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

DATE

building)

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

May Smith

5D 3116

17 FEB

1978

2.

3.

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

76-382

EXTENSION

DATE SENT

12tx1978

1595°

Buses fer / 978

OFFICER'S

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

INITIALS

to whom.

Draw a line across column after ouch comment.)

Do Please do a

classifiation

review (and

DO/EA/ STA

1% FEB

T9

5.

6:

7.

8.

9.

10.

FA/STA/EXO

2 1 FEB 1978

the attacked

does:

Thankno

12.

RETURN

1. 1 na

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

JUSE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 285

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

naTolü neisberg Appeal du

gation

FROM:

EXTENSION

di. Stilsou

1l'- 3

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

RECEIVED

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

FORWARDED

1: 2A/X66:175•

at. mi. ICone 87269

2.

3C-34

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

"LAISteff B.

5.

atl: miF. Qomes

3-e -34

7.

8.

9.

10.

12.

RETURN

TO:

i bianca

axe.

1s25

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

Mary 1078

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in

red that part of the toxt

you believe should be

deleted and give the proper

FOlA exemption for the deleted

material.

Aiso, please review the materi

for classification. I

recommend that all these

documents be downgraded to

CONFIDENTIAL. Classification

reviews müst

be done by an

officer with TOY SECRET

classifying authority.

All documents have been stampe

wich the classification revier

stanp jor you to complete.

Jocuments that you agree

should be stamped with the

DOUNGRADING Stamp.

If Liaison is veing ciaimed

as an exchiption prease

identify the service

for

ne.

down

King

Thanks

lie den

those documents ondy cover

that porcion of the request

a nine documeats wild sore

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 286

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IP5-76-362

FROM:

do ütilsou

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

Room 603113

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN TO:

1395

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

DATE SENT

SUSPENSE DETENTURY 1475

COMMENTS (Number each

comment to show from whom

to whom.

Drow a line across column after each comiment.)

DATE

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

Fel.

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

Please reviow the attached

docunents for release to

Mr. weisberg. Bracket in

red that part of the text

you believe should be

deleted and sive the proper

FOIA exemption for the deleted

material.

Also, please

review the materi

for classification. I

reconmond that all these

documents be downgraded to

CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatioo

reviews sust

be done by an

officer with TOP SeCREt

classifying authority.

All docunonts have boen stocks

wil ine classitication revi

stamp for you to complete.

Documents that you agree

should be stamped with thi

DONGRADING Scamp.

if Liaison is bein, claived

15 an exciption please

identify the service toi

ile.

Thards

1eion

Those docuneats only corr

chat portion of tho ronucat

CONCOTHiNG JANGO LATE NAT

The sing documents wilt Coll

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

UNCLASSIFIED

---

## Page 287

13-00000

UNCLASSIFIED

• INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION

FROM:

d. Stilson

iT - 3

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

at: Mr. La Clai

2. 48-4406

3.

SC

4.

5.

E/ Staff A

6.

%.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

RETURN

TO:

EXTENSION

1595

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

11. Stilson

175

HT- 3

PRIORITY HANDLING

-оки 3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE

SENT

28 February 1978

SUSPENSE

DATE

2 March 1978

COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom

to whom.

Drom a line across column after each comment.)

DATE

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

1

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg.

Bracket in red

that part of the text you

До зародрон з

believe should be deleted

and g

give the proper FOIA

exemptiun for the deleted

Des noturn toda

be a Foren the

s Than

Slands

material for classification.

Downgrade all documents to

CONFIDENTIAL where possible.

classitication reviews must

be done by an officer with

TOP SECRET classifying

authority. All docunents

have been stamped with the

Classification Review stamp

for you to complete.

Document

that you agree should be

downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL

should be stamped with the

downgrading stamp.

if liaison is being claimed

as an exemption for deletions

indicate the part that is

from liaison and identify

the service for me please.

Thanks -

Helen

These documents cover Dr.

King•

You have already

completed the Ray docunents.

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNAL

UNCLASSIFIED

USE ONLY

---

## Page 288

13-00000

INTERNAL

USE ONLY

PRIORITY HANDLING

SUBJECT: (Optional)

FROM:

EXTENSION

d. Stilson

1595

TO: (Officer designation, room number, and

building)

DATE

OFFICER'S

INITIALS

2.

De s

Roon 913 Key

RECEIVED

FORWARDED

re

3.

4.

5.

DDO|ISS\PIAG

Alls: Hele

104127

6.

7.

Boch documents ham to remain

8.

CONFIDENTIAL. Soniti

9.

10.

per (6) (1) + (6)(3)

11.

Clas Cb) (6) for 19 FLA 4 name

12.

RETURN TO:

PRIORITY HANDLING

FORM

1-75

3749

SECRET

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFiDENTIAL

SECRET

FOIA REQUEST

REQUEST NUMBER

IPS-76-382

DATE SENT

SUSPENSE DATE

May 197"

• 1078

COMMENTS (Number each comment lo show from whom

to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.)

Please review the attached

documents for release to

Mr. Weisberg. bracket in

red that part of the text

you believe should be

deleted and give the proper

FOIA exemption for the deleted

material.

Also, please review the materi

for classification. I

recommend that all these

Jocuments be downgraded to

CONFIDENTIAL. Classification

reviews must be done by an

officer with TOP SECRHT

classifying authority.

All documents have been stampe

with the classification rev.

stamp for you to complets.

Documents that you agree

should be stamped with the

DOWNGRADING stanp.

If Liaison is being claimed

as an exemption please

identify the service foi

we.

Thilaks:

These documents only covet

that portion of the coquest

concerning JAWS lANe RA?.

The ling docunents will Soil

FOIA REQUEST

INTERNA

UNCLASSIFIED

USE

ONLY

---

## Page 289

13-00000

SECRET

10 JUL 1978

Mr. Frank Underwood

Freedom of Information-Privacy Acts Branch

J. Edgar Hoover Building, Room 0958

10th and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20535:

Attention: Connie Fruitt

Gentlemen:

COBO

In responding to an FOlA litigation from Harold Weisberg

(enclosure 1), we have surfaced reference to 46 documents

which originated with your agency. Three of these documents

are referred by listing only; and either first pages or full

text copies of the remaining

43 documents are enclosed. This

information is being forwarded to you for review and direct

response to the requester.

We will advise the requester of this referral in our

response, which we expect to complete in the near future.

Please note that the documents listed, and those of

which just the first pages have been included, have not been

reviewed to see if they contain CIA information.

In the

event that they do, we request that this material be coordin-

ated with us before being released to the requester.

If you have any questions, please contact Karen Wolfe

or Allie Falardeau, 351-5615, and refer to our request F76-

382.

Sincerely,

Information and Pracy Coordinator

Enclosures

Distribution:

COTT

Orig - Addse

UNCLASSIFURD Wach Soperated

... From Luclosure

- IPS Chrono

1 - IPS Subject (F-76-382) APPEAL w/attach DDO docs

1

- OGC (Launie Ziebell)

- DDO/ IMS/FPG/AL (Helen Stilson)

---

## Page 290

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NEEDE

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505

14 MAY 1968

TO

Director

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Attention: S. J. Papich

FROM:

Deputy Director for Plans for

SUBJECT: Assassination of Martin Luther King

1. On 3 May 1968, an official Italian Intelligence

Service provided this Agency's representative in Rome

with the following information on one James RAY:

A James RAY,

born in Los Angeles on 8 March

1928 (father's name Oliver), arrived at -MP.Ny

San Gimignano, Siena, in March 1955 and

registered as

a student at Perugia. In

1956, RAY was continea at san Gimignano

Hospital

and in 1957, he was in Sant' Antonio

de Fiesole Hospital.

These confinements

were for osteomyelitical condition causing

bone depression in the cranium, on right

parietal temple region." RAY returned

permanently to the United States in December

1967.

2.

The Italian National Police and the Italian

Intelligence Service have turned up no other information

thus far. -All Italian entry posts have RAY and his

aliases on their watchlist.

3. The Federal Bureau of Investigation representa-

tive in Rome was advised of the information in paragraphs

1 and 2 above.

CSCI 316/01763-68

7.1

REE 23 4 4

ЗІН!

EX109 MAY 261968

3515

sen 10.28

This esce was treated

ao doe 7250 ai

tritial risieer.

BEL

-;!!

5014

1116d

GROUP 1

Elanded iron "

Gonnare:

SEGRET

---

## Page 291

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505

16 MAY 1968 012

MEMORANDUM FOR:

fold.

SUBJECT

:

Director

Gran

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Attention: Mr. S.J. Papich

Investigation in Japan of Report on Suspicious

Actions of Gerald Lee Richards, Originally

Described as Resembling Suspected Assassin of

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

1. Reference is made to the report concerning the above

subject made by telephone to Mr. S.J. Papich at 0930 on 17 April

1968. Following is a full account of the investigation made in

this case:

A. On 16 April 1968 a United States National

Maritime Union official in Yokohama reported that one

Gerald Lee Richards, who bore a general physical

resemblance to the description given of the suspected

assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had arrived

in Japan about

15 April 1968 and requested a position

aboard any ship going anywhere. Richards became

agitated when asked for a contact address in Japan

and refused to divulge his Japanese residence.

National Maritime Union official describé: Richards

as 5? 10" tall, 155 pounds, with brown hair, a receding

hairline on both sides, and a not very prominent scar

two and one-half inches long traversing the center

forehead, his most outstanding characteristic being a

disconcerting, idiotic grin resembling a constant

grimace.

ments, he was born 8 April 1937, applied for seaman's

papers in San Pedro, California, 16 June 1964 and

registered there as a United States National Maritime

Union member on 21 February 1968 but never shipped outy

His Social

Security Number is 562-46-5078; his United

States Coast Guard Number Z 2711-782.

1-38261-3785

REC 11

16 MAY 22 1968

CC

22582145

ral

66 MAY 2C1968

maltes lin selecart;

SEGALT

D

---

## Page 292

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fair. ie..

B.

A subsequent check with the Japanese National

Police Agency confirmed the biographic data supplied

by the National Maritime Union official.

A ward check

indicated that Richards originally resided in Japan

from 1963 to 1964 and married TAKAYAMA Michiko in 1963.

Both Richards and his wife left Japan for the United

States in 1964. Richards returned alone to Japan about

15 April 1968.

is listed

as 160 Hosoi (phonetic) Street, Carpenteria,

California, 93013.

C. A photograph of Richards obtained from the

Japanese police was shown to the National Maritime

Union official and identified by him as the individual

in subparagraph lA above who had applied for a seaman's

berth.

The photograph of Richards bears no apparent

resemblance to photographs of suspected assassin

James Earl Ray provided by the Federal Bureau of

Investigation.

2. The above information has been given to the Legal

Attache of the United States Embassy in Tokyo.

FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR PLANS:

2Jame 1310

CSCI-316/01774-68

2

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## Page 293

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UNISE SULIT I IML ImMEn FIlled Ins

1

TYPE

FPE

YEAR

NUMBER

1/1

DOC. NO.

NEW DOCUMENT RECORD

75 76 71 78

nstructions for Divisions and Statts:

• Fill in shaded areas only

2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS)

DAY | MONTH

YEAR

CABLE

DISPATCH

MEMO

REPORT

FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS)

11. DEC 73

TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

3

CIA - Games lengeton

CLASS

WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARACTERS)

RÉFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS)

FTSI

DDO? DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)

4

FBI

SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS)

CIR-316/03107-13

5

Conferenca 7 thi Committee to Prostigate Arcarsenations

MONTH

YEAR

6

TYPE

OF

REVIEW

JAL

DATE

OF

REVIEW

7

E. Sustain initial denial in toto

F. Sustain initial release of

of sanitized version

G. Release additional information

8

9

10

Recommendations

Release in full text

Release in sanitized form

Deny in toto t

D'S

Defer decision to coordinate with

(Spect Vin Tine 8)

DEFER DECISION TO TO CHARACTERSI

COORDINATE WITH (10 CHARACTERS)

EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS)

B1 82

B3

B4 B5 B6 B7C

OF FOIA

J1 JIB JIC JIE JIF KI

OF PA

Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following:

5B1

5B2 5B3 5B4

OF E.O. 11652

*

Class-facation

Information from Liaison with a Foreign Government

3. information-pertaining. to a liaison

2(6) (3)

relationship with a Foreign Government

4. Information which would/could identity the

x(b) 3)

5%

source

Intormation pertainings to a source

Information pertaining, to intelligence methoas

Location of ciA overseas

#installation

Location so flunacknowledged domestic

(b) (3)

(b) (3)2

(b (3)

(b) (3)

installation

Namet Of CIA employee

10. File number

11 Pseudonym s

12.

Cryptonym

130

Internal organizational datay

He Name to fran FBI agent

FBafile number

16. Privacy of other individual

(b)

(bi)

(b)

0:3 3:08

2(72)

2)

175

Does not, pertain to request

InFormation from another Government: agency

19. Other (Spechty in ine

REMARKS UF

WAS CHECKED ABOVE 140, CHARACTERSI?

(1) (1)

(j) 62)

(o) (a)

50(1)

C30

- g093

01

00090994

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## Page 294

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1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

TYPE

FPE

YEAR

NUMBER

1/1

DoC. No.

75 76 77 78

NEW DOCUMENT RECORD

Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:

1.

Fill in shaded areas only.

2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS)

DAY | MONTH

YEAR

CABLE

DISPATCH

MEMO

REPORT

FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS)

14 JAN 69

TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

CIA

FBI

CLASS

WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARACTERS)

REFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS)

DDO ?

DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)

SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS)

(SC1-316/00108-69

GARAISoN and the Kennedy lessassination

TYPE

OF

IAL

REVIEW

DATE

OF

REVIEW

DAY MONTH

YEAR

Recommendations

A. Releaseviny full

text

Release in santitized, form

C. Deny in toto

D.

Defer decision to coordinate with

(Spect ty in Line 8)

DEFER DECISIONATO, (TOY CHARACTERS)

COORDINATE WITH (10 CHARACTERS).

CLASS

E. Sustain initial denial in toto

F. Sustain initial release of

of sanitized version To FENSTERUIALO

G. Release additional information

Nattend Kawa

EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS)

B1 B2 B3 B4 BS B6 B7C

J1 JIB JIC JIE JIF KI

OF FOIA

OF PA

Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following:

5B1 5B2 583

5B4

OF E. 0. 11652

Classification

Enformation fron Liaison with a foreign covernment to) ig

intormation pertaining to a liaison.

relationship with a foreign Government

Information which would/coutar

identity

the

(6) (3.)

source

Information pertaining to a source

Information pertaining to

intelligence methods

7 Location tof CIA overseas installation

8 Location of unacknowledged comestic

(b) (3:)

(b) (3)

(b) (3.)

(b)

(3)

installation

9: Name

OFICIA employee

10. File numbes

b

(bi

(3))

11, Pseudonym

121

13

- Cryptonyn:

Internal organizational data

140

Name of an FBI agent

15. FBI file number M

16. Privacy of other individual

(b)

(b)

(3)

(b) (7)(

O)G)

(b) (2)

(b) (6)

17 Does not pertain to request

Information from another Governmen't agency

195 Other (Specify In tine LA

REMARKS 95 OTHER WAS CHECKED ABOVE! LO, CHARACTERSI

210) (c)

5) (1) (b) (c)

(1)

(O)

(1)

(a) (1)

(bi)

(a) (19)

(b

2050-9 9

(b)

(1) CE

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## Page 295

13-00Q00

1

TYPE

YEAR

NUMBER

EPE

75 76 77 78

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS)

CABLE

DISPATCH

MEMO:

REPORT

FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS)

FBI...

Mr.

CLASS

WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARACTERS)

E.5. Mille

REFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS)

FBI

SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS)

vUN IULINIAL Imhen Milled in)

Doc. No.

NEW DOCUMENT RECORD

Instructions for Divisions and Staffs:

1. Fill in shaded areas only.

2. Additional comments should be written on back of form.

DAY MONTH

29

Nor

TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS)

FBI WA. Parange

DDO ?

O FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS)

YEAR

73

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

DAY MONTH

YEAR

10

TYPE

OF

REVIEW

IAL

DATE

OF

REVIEW

Recommendat tons.

An Releaseen full text

B.

Release in sanitized orm

C. Deny ins toto.

D.

Defer decision to coordinate with

(Spect fy in Line 8)

DEFER DECISION TON(TO (CHARACTERS

COORDINATE WITH (ID CHARACTERS)

E. Sustain initial denial in toto

F. Sustain initial release of

of sanitized version

G. Release additional information

CLANG

SIGNATURE;

walshi CURA

DOFFICE OF REVIEWING OFFIC

EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS)

B1

B2

B3

B4 B5

B6 B7C

OF FOIA

11 J1B JIC JIE JIF KI

OF PA

581 582

583 5B4

OF E.O. 11652

Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following:

1.

Classification

Information from Fraison, with a Foreign Government

(b) (1)

(6) (3)

on

relationship with a foreign Go

vernm

Information which would/could ident fy the

(b)

source

information pertaining toà cource

(b).

Information pertaining to intell

7%

Location

OF CIA overseas ins

ta

encelmethods

LIon

8. Location

ofrunacknowledged d

installation

Names Not CIA employee

10:

File, number

11 Pseudonym

8012

Cryptonym

Internal organizational, data

14, Name of an -Bitagent

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Individual

3390903

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REMARKS F OTHER WAS CHECKED ABOVE (40 CHARACTERS)

---