CUBA - THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS
Agency: ARMY
Originator: JCS
Document date: 03/00/1963
Document type: PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

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198-10006-10009

JFK Assassination System

Identification Form

Agency Information

Date:

6/24/201

AGENCY:

RECORD NUMBER :

RECORD SERIES :

AGENCY FILE NUMBER :

ARMY

198-10006-10009

CALIFANO PAPERS

Document Information

ORIGINATOR:

FROM:

TO :

TITLE:

JCS

CUBA - THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

DATE: 03/00/1963

PAGES:

10

SUBJECTS :

COUNTERING CUBAN PROPAGANDA

CUBAN SUBVERSION

PROPAGANDA MEDIA

KRULAK COMMITTEE

DOCUMENT TYPE: PAPER, TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

CLASSIFICATION: Secret

RESTRICTIONS: 1B

CURRENT STATUS: Redact

DATE OF LAST REVIEW: 12/11/1997

OPENING CRITERIA:

COMMENTS: Califano Papers, Box 3, Folder 11. Krulak Committee's paper on the movement of Cuban propaganda.

JFK Review

Department of the Army EO 13526

BE Declassify

• Exclude E Exempt

NO STATE OBJECTION

O DECLASSIFICATION

NO JOINT STAFF OBJECTION.

TO DECLASSIFICATON

DATE:

MAR

2016

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MR CALIFANO MARKED

opy FROM IS MAR

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CUBA

THE MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

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DOWNGRADING AND DECLASSIFICATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.. Introduction ---

II. Nature and Scope of the Problem

III.

Direct Actions to Impede Legal

Movement

of Propaganda Materials-

1. Political Actions -

2. Intelligence Actions

3. Covert Actions

-100

IV. Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement

of Propaganda Materials

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1. Intelligence Actions

soon

2. Surveillance and Reporting Action - -

3. Political Action ----

4. Technical Assistance Actions

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CUBA

MOVEMENT OF PROPAGANDA MATERIALS

I. Introduction

The actions proposed herein are designed to impede

the movement of Communist propaganda materials from Cuba

to and within Latin American countries.

They complement

the basic actions relating to control of movement of sub-

versive trainees to and from Cuba, which actions are gen-

erally applicable in the solution of this problem as well.

As in the companion measures for control of the movement

of subversive trainees, successiul execution of the actions

proposed below will reduce the flow of propaganda materials

but will not eliminate it entirely.

Communist Cuba has many legitimate outlets through

which propaganda materials flow.

As these legitimate

outlets are blocked by the initial steps herein proposed,

it will be necessary for the Cuban propagandists and their

sympathizers

elsewhere to turn from the mass exportation

of materials to the production and dissemination of the

same materials in a clandestine environment within the

several Latin American countries. Of the two threats, the

illicit production of propaganda materials in each country

will be by far the more difficult to abate.

In combatting these threats, one of the most power-

ful factors is the influence of our own information and

counter-propaganda efforts, which USIA and CIA have in-

creased greatly during the past two years.

This paper,

however, is concerned wholly with direct actions; actions

designed to impede the movement of propaganda materials

to and within Latin America.

II. Nature and. Scope of the Problem

While the Castro image has faded somewhat in Latin

America, and the attraction of Cuba as a model has dimin-

ished, the susceptibility of the Latin American people to

communist propaganda remains high.

The basic social and.

economic factors which have made this true in the past

have not greatly altered, and the variety and quantity of

propaganda materials with which the Latin Americans are

now beset are

empressive, as exemplified in the one hun mor

be investing

gram and it presents

a continuing threat to the tran-

quility of Latin America.

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Our efforts to combat the problem, moreover, are

complicated by the fact that freedom of

thought, express-

ion and press

are generally highly regarded in Latin

America, albeit not universally honored, and any proposals

to reduce the flow

of Castro-Communist subversive materials

must be influenced by this fact.

Otherwise the United

States may find itself indicted for fostering police-.

state methods, a charge which could alienate many of the

Latin Americans

we seek to influence.

For the purpose of this paper, propaganda materials

include radio program scripts, tapes and recordings, printed

materials, posters, pampnets,

magazines, leaflets, books,

newspapers, news service output, motion pictures, dupli-

cating or reproducing equipment,

electronic communications

equipment, and printing resources, particularly paper stock-

However, to be complete, "movement of propaganda

materials"

must extend also to publications which are hand-

carried into a country by legal or illegal travellers for

subsequent reproduction.

It must also include materials

transmitted through Cuban and Soviet Bloc diplomatic

channels, shipments via postal channels, quantities intro-

luced through smurgling operations, oral transmission of

propaganda guidance by individual travellers or by radio

Havana, and the dissemination of communist oriented news

by Prensa Latina, the official Cuban news agency, for re-

production by local outlets.

Finally to be considered are

thematic guidance, which can be reproduced and exploited

locally by returning trainees, front groups and sympathetic

publications and, in some countries such as Mexico, Argen-

tina and Uruguay,

the products of those commercial estab-

1ishments which regularly print or broadcast pro-castro-

Communist materials as a matter of policy or ideological

conviction.

Press and Publications

There are 326 Communist and pro-Communist newspapers

and periodicals in Latin America,

and infiltration of the

democratic press, coupled with the non-critical attitudes

of some newspapermen, increases greatly the diffusion of

the Cuban propaganda

There are 228 Communist-oriented

publishing houses and bookstores in Latin America, serving

as. outlets not only for 30 different Cuban periodicals, but

for a large variety of other Communist printed material.

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Every Latin American country except the Dominican

Republic, Paraguay, Nicaragua, and Venezuela permits

these bookshops to operate. Many of them offer publi-

cations at very low prices or give away several books

with the purchase of one, and easy credit terms are

available.

Excluding TASS and the New China News

Agency (NCNA),

Prensa Latina is the principal Communist news agency in

Latin America.

It operates openly, although not entirely

without restriction, in ten countries -- Bolivia, Brazil,

Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico,

Panama and Uruguay. While most users of Prensa Latina

releases are covert or overt Communists, some non-Communist

media make unattributed use of Prensa Latina releases.

This is especially true of radio broadcasts.

All of this publication activity is essentially

overt. However, decrees

banning Communist propaganda

have not prevented the clandestine publications and distri-

bution of periodicals and books in some countries, and

propaganda materials continue to seek entry through the

mails.

In Panama, for example, postal and customs authori-

ties

destroy an average of 12 tons of Cuban propaganda per

month.

Another ten tons per month is seized and destroyed

in Costa Rica.

This suggests the further quantities, per-

haps larger, may be finding their way into these and

other

countries.

Radio

Short wave radio is the principal direct mass audience

medium used by Cuba to carry subversive propaganda to Latin

America. The Castro regime has constantly increased Radio

Havana's short wave broadcasts to Latin America to a current

level of 115:30 hours per week.

Cultural Activities

Penetration under the guise of cultural activities 1s

a favored Communist propaganda technique in Latin America,

where there are now some 64 Cuban binational centers and

Friendship Societies.

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per

F1lms

feature films and short documentaries produced by the

Cuban Institute of Motion Picture Art and Industry play a

direct propaganda role.

These films are shown primarily in

binational centers, pro-Communist labor and student groups:

and in private or clandestine meetings.

It will be seen from this brief review that Latin

America is the target of a broad-scale propaganda program,

comprising not only propaganda materials but including

also the ideas, the knowledge and the resources which are

necessary to make those materials effective.

III, Direct Actions to Impede the Legal Movement of

Propaganda Materials

Presented below is a summary of actions contemplated

to impede the legal movement of propaganda materials from

Cuba to and within Latin American countries.

For the pur-

pose of this paper, legal movement is defined as movement

by recognized private and governmental carriers and communi-

cations; as well as postal systems and diplomatic pouching.

These

actions offer promise of achieving early and

effective results in some Latin American countries, but

they do not have universal application, and those

which may

be feasible in one country may not be necessary or feasible

in another.

1. Political Actions

a. Induce newspapers in countrios in which Prensa

Latina operates to caneel their subscriptions to the

service. I Lie Aneren Nearbedia

b. Persuade those governments which receive Cuban

and Bloc diplomatic missions to maintain close

surveillance over the propaganda activities of the

Communist embassies with a view toward prohibiting

abuses of diplomatic privilege for subversive pur-

poses.

c. As applicable and feasible, induce Latin

American countries to:

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(1) Adopt adequate internal security legislation

to provide severe penalties for any person engaging

in dissemination of Cuban-Communist propaganda

CR

which inspires terrorism or proposes the overthrow

of the legal government by force and violence.

(2) Preclude attendance of Cuban delegates at

CR

International meetings held in Latin América.

(Delegates are propaganda disseminators.)

2. Intelligence Actions

a. Continue U.S. intelligence efforts in each

country to identify individuals, organizations and

facilities involved in propaganda importation,

reproduction and/or dissemination; make available to

each country selected intelligence concerning these

Individuals, organizations and their activities.

b. Encourage each country in which the Communist

Party is 1llegal to offer rewards for information

leading to interception of Castro-Communist propa-

ganda and, in countries where the Communist party is

legal, for conviction of persons supplying or

disseminating propaganda materials considered dan-

gerous to the country's tranquility.

c, In separate diplomatic approaches

to each

country, urge full and effective cooperation, with

the appropriate organs of the OAS and bilaterally

among the several nations, in the interchange of

information concerning movement of propaganda

materials.

out

CR

CR

d. Persuade Latin American countries to report

promptly to the diplomatic mission of the country CR

concerned, the identity of any national of that

country who arrives from Cuba and who is discovered

to have been carrying Communist propaganda materials.

3. Covert Actions

a. Disrupt the reproduction and distribution of

propaganda materials, and the procurement and delivery

of related supplies

and equipment.

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Wolveten

eatitude

justified by 12

b. Seek opportunities to induce Latin American

printing craftsmen to deface, destroy, or misprint pol

Castro-Communist propaganda in the process of re-

production.

C. Disrupt Castro-Conmunist sponsored labor and fat

youth congresses, industrial and agricultural

exhibits in Latin American countries.

• d. Maintain or increase pressures on media owners,

local

advertising agencies and film producers and/or

distributors who accept Communist materials.

e- Dissuade U.S: and local business firms from

advertising in Latin American media which carry pro-

Communist materials; prepare and circulate to U.S.

firms, for information, lists of such media in order

to encourage their support of a non-Communist

press.

f. Inhibit the spread of Cuban and Bloc binational

centers and Friendship Societies in Latin America by

an active program to expose their subversive activities

and objectives.

Provide financial support to selected non-

Communist news media requiring assistance in order

to compete with Communist-aligned publications which

have significant circulation or impact..

h. Induce Latin American countries to organize

surveillance over in-country sources of newsprint

and related supplies, and deny or inhibit the use

•these supplies for printing Communist materials.

IV.

Direct Actions to Impede Illegal Movement of

Propaganda Material

Many of the actions outlined in Section III related

to the legal movement of materials will serve also to

restrict illegal movement.

Additional measures designed

specifically to impede clandestine traffic are enumerated

below.

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1. Intelligence Actions

a Use penetration and other intelligence techniques

to identify efforts to move propaganda materials from

Cuba to and/or within Latin American countries; deter-

mine routes and methods employed; report selected

rover/ord mothe

information, consistent with requirements for protect-

ing our own

intelligence program, to the governments

concerned.

b. Utilize the U.S. intelligence community to

determine the nature and extent of clandestine air-

craft and

small boat traffic between Cuba and other

countries in the Caribbean and Central American area, ou

giving particular attention to Mexico, Hondurassthe

Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Use

evidence obtained to induce the governments concerned

to initiate surveillance and other control measures

aimed at interception of propaganda materials.

2. Surveillance and Reporting Action

Exploit the mechanism of the Caribbean surveillance

system, approved by the President in the study on

movement of personnel, for discovering and impeding

the movement of propaganda materials by 11l1cit means.

3. Political Action

Where legally feasible to do so, induce each Latin

American country to improve its police procedures

designed to expose the subversive Communist propaganda

apparatus in that country; and to detect and eliminate

corrupt officials who permit 11l1cit shipment of

propaganda materials.

4. Technical Assistance Actions

a. Provide technical assistance, where requested

to enable Latin American governments to locate

clandestine transmitters.

b. Assist in the accelerated improvement of the

capabilities of Latin American internal security

forces, especially those patrol and intelligence

activities whose function is the prevention of clan-

destine propaganda activities.

Provide equipment,

training and advice as requirea.

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