BACKGROUND PAPER ON SECURITY OF CLASSIFIED OR SENSITIVE INFORMATION
Originator: NSA
From: NSA
Document date: 2000-01-01 00:00:00
Document type: PAPER - TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

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104-10196-10042

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Released under the John F. Kennedi

assassination Hecords Lollection Act of

Ha Date 12292021

1992 (44 USC 2107 Note]. Case#:NW

CONFIDENTIAL

C.Is

raiarini by unauthorieed usears.

corioni called "physical socurity."

¡atton marismitood disstriculiy

un"autos:

cazzul comunicationa suoni::.

carlong urargles of plusical sorarity

209003 S0

2al icaorieted dissoriration.

Shangius

1932) ara engatograuhio equiptents on codos.

In che

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it has buon reinterolo enny to dian lires (organicationaliy

Fagsical security preventod

eccees

to ircosnation unia croco :revanted chosa tho listarad to radio

on viro elcetrical traronissione

tion andonstandin? tre infortition.

distination is bocorir:

2his

incrocingig

1oto dinticult to mia as tectnolo-tea?

avances aro mes ir sotà dicidi.

jor examele, trero are microsboras ant

"y¿oku" dovices non arizio mici nos only perio ore so listen

to conturectiona in a y00-,.

tronid to biria" on socighor the energicion

costo in cuo coo: and techero do dottas ot iocations arouri che verta.

§parato organizations, boicror.

ire concomat wich these tuo aspects ol

the groblen.

Loro Sic

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CONFIDENTIAL

CIA HAS NO OBJECTION TO

DECLASSIFICATION AND/OR

RELEASE OF THIS DOCUMENT

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C. Advleed that NSA "shall act for the Executive Agent in all

CO:SEC matters set forth below" - primarily responsibilities for estab-

116h108 adequate standards;

Defined CONSEC as

be derived from the poscession and study of telecamunications, or to

mislead unauthorized persons In their Interpretation of the results of

suda a study";

e. Defined telecommunications as "any transulscions, emicsion or

reception of 51g0,

signals, writing, 1mages and soundo or intelligence

of any nature by wire, radio, visual or other electromagnetic system".

NSA prescribes Governuent-wide standards for the means of encryption -

equipments, codes or other techaiques - and only those approved by NSA

may be used for the encryption of cinosified Information. NSA also

develops equipsents where required. CONSEC equipments are available

today to encrypt all standard communications rethods - telephones

veletypewriter, high-speed data, television (black and walte only), even

computer-to-computer transmissions•

However, NSA has no authority to require encryption; the requirement for

encryption is left to the agency head under the EO 10501.

Moreover, they

are positively pronibited iron monitoring telecomunications to determine

wnetber classified Information 16 being revealed unless the agency bead

concerned approves in advance.

To dute, there are no known telecomunications techniques which would

peralt uncrcarted (clear) information to be transmitted sare iron inter-

ception and frat being read by unauthorized fersons. As a result, the

• S. CONSEC Board and NSA make the assumotion that all unencrupted tele

ormunications are being nonitored and that the information being trans

mitted is comprosised.

Waile this 1s a physical Inpossibility, there can

be no assurance that any particular tronsalssion is not being intercepted

and read.

Therefore, lisA will assure no responsibility for the security

of cormunications which are not encrypted in an antroved cryptosyster.

The Walte House Co-munications Agency (WICA) 16 responsible for, providing

all telecommunications for the President und iu the inite louse, except

for carmunications to and fros the President's aircrait (Air Force I),

which are the responsibility, of the Mr Force. Wich 16 Orgnnizationalls

under the Defense Communications Ageacy (DÇA). Tie NiCA program has not

been reviewed by the Bureau. Kenneth O'Donnell provides policy guidance

to the WiCA and has Informed the DCA that no Inio mation on the size,

program, or budget of the WHiCA 1s to be revealed without his authority.

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There 16 a very close vorking rulationship between WilCh and isi on all

aspects of CA:SEC, Including possible "canpro-ising enanaticis"

discussed belov.

Horever, WiCh has an 1-rossible task in attenating to

provide secur communicatione for ine Presidcat so long as he uses the

conercial telephone cysten. Unless lich can be inforued of the specific

Locations and peoplo to rhoi the iceldent lates to tali about sensitive

or classified information,

are not being !::tored.

where a teletype capability exists. Crypto equipments carrot sou be

Installeà for secure voice transmissions over the commercial telephone

systen.

Compronising Baanations

The above describes the traáitional CO-SEC problen where there 1s little

relationahip to the

"phycical security" probles, except insorar as

physical security 1s required for the cryptograchic equipient.

tion and nore closely Interrelated with the physical cecurity probien 1s

the problen of "comprouising emanations" or radiation. Brierli, tbese

are electrical or acouctic signals erinating fran electronic md electro

mechanical. eguipocntã..

I. these signals eun be intercepted, 1t 1s possible

to read the information cing processed by the equipment.

To protect against this âarger, the U. S. CO:SSC Board has approved

(with concurrence by all concerned agencies including the Buresu) SA

electrical standards for all electronic or electro-nochenical equirents

(computers, typeuriters, etc.) unica process classified infozation.

The

key standard is that signals must not be interceptable beyond u reet.

NSA is responsible for Incuring that all crypto cquiprents icet a more

severe test (10 feet). Each agency processing classified inzo=ation

througa equipents is responsible for insuring that teir equirents meet

the standard.

A special subcamittee of the USCSS monitors this program ara pruvides

guidance sud assistance to the concerred agencies. As sight be expected,

new orfensive techniques are constently being discovered wilch reguire

additional defensive precsutions. It is in this field that the Line

between camunications security aal physical security get fussy.

Physical Security

The term

"shysical security" has traditionilly been ussocluid with saies,

guards, and fences. lorever, with the mireat or sophisticated eictronic

eavesaropping tuniques, nost agencies nure expanded the pigsical security

role iu provide protection agalnst. unauthorized access to clossified or

censitive inforation eitner by peopic or dy devices. "' mrina

awareness vi ine threat posed by clandestir listening dov..

ise isc,

1n Decenher 1955, established e Special Cari ice da Pecialcai Suveillance

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=037131-9250

dovenient zacilitico or quartars.

La Estualishinz und .ccordinatina policies with respoct to counterias

tis tircut.

Te Committec mots it leust conthly and cubrito annual reports to the iSc

en its ceti-rities and tindingo, Iser: is a close reintionsity ctrecn

ils cosalütce ard tao üoni connittie o compro islay emuraticas - 1

vot, there ine a nuter o incividuale uno sit on tota

Each accacy 10 rosponible los carrying out its om techaical survoillasic

-etiono witala ventover comm policy guidallmes are establishea by t

e cardtice (training, equipant to de ucca, cic.

io clandectine cardeas où un cind tuve ruca ciccovarca in the U. S.

altacugi orar 100 vere clocovezud in j. S. tocilitioé overucas batween

1949 ind 1950.

An adultio-al 450 vore ciccovared 1n Islendly forcign

ovursous fucilities vetreen 155 aná 1950.

lù dio dealing vita tio cuguradue (bui in cons immaco interrolated)

zolers waich in Drentice 19 Direnco, Cii cua Cuion concativo iconcies

invoivo tuo trai ci orc-lizutidão.

socuraty (protoctio: agairot clandeculta ilotoning devicou).

1: tho ticin Of COrSCO, tion: circady cristo a chico assichrat o:

rospondivilIsy to tao Socraturo di Erano do Daccusire Agant di Covercent

Ic: i12 COliud Zatters.

Ire decroto storcioce his responsibiliüy througà

ILy ricopines by all uo a bágly eonoino meiaical agoney in this

Ine escratury receites tilloy mianice dros an interacurcy bourd

(isosi) sascia noo uson cuccag cucira usa etructira ior its pargose.

Lound doss not grce ca mitters coicso it, Minal acticas are passed

io tho sincial ecumituce o1 Secretarius di Suato and Dereria.

concisazio due Cace ir 20160,

we baxic:

1s rosà se igoropriate ior ti

¿buca (tuo Burio tor Me Prociat) to rucuast the Secratare o

eralaste da Bucident's Policoraricatioas

Anchuura dão Core F, and to ceCCusaná detione to improve

car.

creän incano an excinitica 0e ull enuirzents waich

assico cluscirlod incoration to insure trit no larcraution auy se

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availablo to unautharizod purson throut "compresisira erasations."

For a torough ovalia. ion,

1t ra to ruinasaig, li uno inito Houso dosiros,

to requost isa to sonitor Milto douso communicatiors on a sampling basis

and aivisa the inita louso al thie results.

On the rattor of clandustino listonini dovices, so iSi Spocial Comitta

on Technical Survalllanco Counter-easuros should to charged with assessing

ho adeliney of the Sucrot Sorvica procuduros, equipment and loval o

technical siill,

nd rocommondira any chargos recessary to attain i

highest practicabio lovol of portoranco.

no baliara tho Sucrat Servico has tho rosponsibility sor protocting tha

contribaco information to tha comitteo.

As a continuing mattor, they

shouls bo mado a menbar of the comitive.

Roconeniad action:

1. That M°. Sualy issue a, isa! providing that the Sacrotary of

Dafense, as Dracutivo Ago. for all corrunications scurity raitors, will

tract not to conduct a survoy and rato a repari on tid adaquaey of preson

ormiscions security moasuros in direct at the inito couso, includin

поп-crypto corrunications.

2 .

That Mr. Bualy arrango through the "sù Spacial Cornitioo on

¡cohnical survoillanco Counternasures to sucurd i rovior and roport on

raaswas in orlact at the inito lousa to taintain survaiilance and protoc-

tion agairst clandastina listonir, coricus.

3.

hat both roporta ba revieired by tha Prijurt's Comictoo on the

varran deport, augrantod by Dr. Hornig and Goraral d'conrall (07), for

advica añi reconnoriation to the Prasidant.

1

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