Document date: 00/00/0000
Document type: PAPER-TEXTUAL DOCUMENT

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File #:

62-110-116395

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Serial Scope:

EBF 1071

CEE deSEe aneei EaeSa Ee Dend ase cesten de

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SECRET

HEKLAR

ESPIONAGE - RUSSIA

using the fellary ode me to seet legal agent

Through the Socap Program (screening of new

Social Security applicants in Baltimore) the Social

Security application of Klawuhn dated May 2, 1960, was

located. He gave his birth date as January

29, 1925, in

Detroit, Michigan, and residence as 315 West 94th Street,

New York City.

preliminary check verified Klawuhn's

birth in Detroit to German alien parents and there were

no traces of this family after 1933 which suggested they

had returned to Germany. It was determined that Klawuhn

was born a cripple with a hip disease and would probably

have the appearance as walking like a "duck" all his life.

State Department records revealed the Klawuhn brothers

were taken to Germany by their mother in May, 1932.

Specimens of the handwriting of Helmuth and Horst Klawuhn

appearing in State Department files were compared with

subject's handwriting by the FBI Laboratory and found not

to be identical.

It was determined subject's first known

presence in New York was July 8, 1959, when he rented a

room on the West side of New York. He was employed as

a salesman by Service Guidance Corporation and was

observed not to walk like a cripple.

Information developed through an anonymous

source revealed that the subject was in the possession

of a

Hallicrafter short-wave radio receiver with ear-

phones and a long coil antenna concealed in a foot locker.

He also had a black portable typewriter, various types of

pills, pads of writing paper and several books on grammar.

Clasified by 3676JP

Exempt from GDS, Category 2+3

Date of Declassification Indetinite

SECRET

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SECRET

FBI Laboratory determined one of the pills was

a "phony" and closely resembled other tablets which have

been used as developers for secret ink messages in Soviet

espionage operations.

It was concluded that the subject was an impostor

and based on the information developed through the anonymous

source and the knowledge gained in the Karot case, it was

believed reasonable to conclude that the subject was a Soviet

illegal.

Karot was a Soviet illegal interviewed in March,

1959, who cooperated

with us as a double agent.

Subject was interviewed from October 18, 1960,

through October 31, 1960, under secure conditions

and was

permitted to return to his residence in New York City on

October 31, 1960.

Subject furnished information as to his

true status as a

Soviet illegal and furnished complete

details regarding his selection, training and dispatch to

the U.S. and agreed to cooperate fully to the extent of

disclosing all available information concerning his knowledge

of Soviet espionage activities.

In January, 1961, subject

disappeared after being in contact with Special Agents of the

FBI since October 31, 1960.

SECRET

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'OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10

UNITED STATES GOVL MENT

Memorandum

TO

: D. J. PARSONST

SECRET

DATE: October 11, 1961

FROM : A. H. BELMON

SUBJECT:

HEKLAR

ESPICNAGE - R

Above caption is the code name for this case which

an individual using the name of Helmuth Felix Klawuhn who, we are

reasonably certain, is a Soviet illegal

agent. This memorandum is

to consider our future course of

action.

brigin of Case

Through our Socap Program (screening of new social security

applications in Baltimore) the social security application of Klawuhn

dated 5/2/60 was located. He gave

his birth as 1/29/25, Detroit,

Michigan, and his residence as 315 West 94th Street, NYC. His hand~

writing contained foreign characteristics. A preliminary check

verified Klavuhn's birth

in Detroit to German alien parents.

There

was no trace of this family after 1933, suggesting the possibility

they had returned to their native Germany.

Information Developed on the True Helmuth Felix Klawuhn

The Detroit Office determined that Klawuhn was born a

cripple with a hip disease and would probably have the deformity

of walking "like a duck" all his life. He had a younger brother,

Horst Albert, born 5/23/30, Detroit.

State Department records reveal that the Klawuhn brothers

to a t mother ta day 1, the ame father

followed them the following year.

Military Government in Berlin received a letter in the German

language from a Helmuth Klawuhn residing at Parchim, Necklenburg,

Germany,

advising of the birth of himself and his brother, Horst,

in Detroit in 1925

in 1932.

The writer wanted to knew whether he the ris ip to fermany

to know whether he and his brother were

still considered as U. S. citizens and whether they would be permitted

to immigrate to the U.S.

The letter was referred to the American

Consulate. General who advised. that his request should be presented

•to that office.

_.-nistate Departmen records also miral that in 1951-Horst

Klawuhn filed application for registration as an American citizen

before the American Vice-Consul in Berlin indicating his intention

to return to the U. s. for germanent residence, as soon as his

Classifled bỹ 36761L

Exempt from CDS, Categor, 2 +3

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SECRET

Memorandum Belmont to Parsons

Re:

HEKLAR

65-66132

citizenship was established. His application listed his brother.

helmuch, as then residing in Germany State Department records fail

to reveal that Helmuth or Horst ever took subsequent steps to validate

their claim to U. S. citizenship or repatriate themselves to the U. S.

Specimens of the handwriting of Helmuth and Horst Klawuhn

appearing in State Department files have been compared with subject's

y the FBi Laboratory.

dentical with these specimeatory. Subject's handwriting is not

Information Developed on the Subject

The New York Office (NYO) determined that subject's first

known presence in New York was 7/8/59 when he rented a room on

New York's west side. He has been at his present address since

7/8/60. He is employed as a salesman by Service Guidance Corp.,

jobbers of household services.

He does not walk like a cripple.

Information developed through an anonymous source reveals

that subject is in possession of a Hallicrafter short-wave radio

receiver with earphones and a long coil antenna concealed in a

Locked toot locker.

He also has a black portable typewriter,

various types of pills, pads of writing paper, several books

on

grammar.

The FBI Laboratory determined that one of the pills made

to resemble "Creamal "phonyet,

a common antacid preparation sold

in drugstores, is a

and closely resembles other tablets

which have been used as developers for secret ink messages in Soviet

espionage operations.

At the present time NYO is maintaining most discreet

coverage of subject through an observation post,

spot check

surveillances and mail

His only activity, other than

who appears to

his employment have been a "pickup." She spends many nights and

is dating an Irish imnigrant waitress, Rose McKinley,

weekends with him.

Analysis

It is believed we

can_safely_conclude that from the infor

- mation known concerning the Klawuhn-family, subject-is an impostor.

Further, from information developed through the anonymous source and

from our knowledge gained in the Karot case, it is believed reasonable

to conclude that subject is in the U. S. as

a Soviet illegal agent.

Karot is the Soviet illegal agent we broke in Wisconsin in March, 1959,

and who is now cooperating with us as

SEGRET double agent.

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Memorandun Belmont to Parsons

Re:

65-66132

Course of Action

We have carefully analyzed all aspects of this case and

considered various possible courses of action. As can be seen, we

do not have sufficient legal evidence for a prosecutive case.

Whether admissible legal evidence can be developed in the future

in light of the clandestine nature of Soviet illegal operations

appears unlikely. From what we have learned in the Karot case, re

consider it extremely doubtful that surveillances and other investi-

disappear, and we will have gained nothing.

We, therefore, feel that the best course of action is a

most thorough interview,

in Wisconsin during which we developed the Karot subject as

similar to that conducted in March, a ouble

agent. it is recognized that suviect nav be ditticult to hreak

he has been

in the J. S. at least la nonths and probably longer.

Karot was in

the U.

So for about two months when we approached him.

we believe the ultinate

possible gain is worth the attempt.

Despite the uncertainty as to succes is we are unsuccessful, te

will have at least neutralized hin.

Ne also feel that if we are to interview the subject, it

should be done very soon.

lI delayed, his relations with the Irish

waitress may develop to the point that would cause us additional

problems in our efforts to handle our approach to him in a most."

discreet and unobtrusive manner.

NYO has advised tat it has a suitable location for use

in a most thorough interview of subject.

ACTION:

If you approve,. we will plan to make our approach to the

if

conduct the interview of the subject.

3-

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SECRET

FBI

Date: 11/4/60

Transmit the following in _

Via

AIRTEL

(Type in plain text or code)

(Priority or Method of Mailing)

TO

:

DIRECTOR, FBI (65-66132)

FROM

: SAC, NEW YORK (65-18217)

SUBJECT:

HEKIAR

ESP. - R

(00 :NY)

The subject was interviewed from 10/18/60 through

10/31/60, by Inspector DONALD E. MOORE, SAS JAMES E. FREANEY,

LAWRENCE MC WILLIAMS, JOHN J. O'TOOLE,

and JAMeS +. KeHOE.

During this period the subject was also interviewed on

occasions by SAS RICHARD F. MC CARTHY and DONALD E. WISEMAN.

LEGEND ORIGINALLY RELATED BY SUBJECT

The'subject stated that he was HELMUTH FELIX

KuwUHN and that he was born 1/29/25; at Detroit, Michigan.

He-stated his parents were ALBERT and CLARA nee

SONNENBERG.

He-stated both parents were born in Germany and that they

He did not know the exact location

of his father's birth, but believed that his mother was born

in Bavaria.

His father came to the US first and was followed

later by his mother.

The exact dates of their departure from

Germany or arrival into the US were not recalled.

He stated,

however, that when his mother left Germany, she was already

•5. - Bureau (65-66132)

(RM)

REC- 34

Washington Fleld

(55 8103) (RM)

- New York (65-18217)

I: j

Classified bỹ 3676k

Exempt from GDS, Categoxy 2t3

Date of Declassilication ladetinite

JJO; UPK:car

(9):

Approved:

Sent

Special Agent in Charge

M Per

SECRET

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NY 65-18217

pregnant, and on ner arrival in the us his parents were

married here.

He had no brothers or sisters.

While in the

US his father was employed as a cabinet maker, salesman

and clerk.

They resided in Detroit, Michigan, at an unrecalled

address and returned to Cermany together at an unrecalled

date, but he belleved that at this time he was about two or

three years of age.

After returning to Germany at some

unknown time his parents separated for personal reasons. His

father then returned to the US but he did not know how or when.

He remained in Germany with his mother.

At this time his mother was a singer and musician

and utilized these occupations as a means of support for both

herself and him.

At this time they travelled quite a bit all

over Germany and they also travelled in France and Belgium.

He stated that he definitely remembered being in France

because he noticed that they spoke a different language when

they crossed the border

He also recalled staying in a hotel

in Paris and remembered Iiving In Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich,

Germany, in that erder.

He could not recall the dates or

residences in any of the above-mentioned places.

He stated that he remembered going to school in

Munich, Germany, and at this time he was in the fifth or

sixth grades, and this was the first time that he actually

remembered that

the "junior brownshirts"

as the capon ena ho were one.

• He stated that at this time he

never participated in this type of activity due to his Semitic

background.

He could not recall the name or the location of

this school which he attended in Munich, but he remembered that

It was about four to five blocks away from two night clubs

where his mother entertained.

He stated that at this time

of his life his mother did not accompany him to school as was

normal in the parent-child relationship because she was Semitic

looking.

Instead of his mother she would have various friends

of hers accompany him to school to remove any possible stigma

from him.

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NY 65-18217

With regard to his mother's occupation he stated

that she was mainly a singer, but she was also a musician.

When he got older he used to accompany her on the piano when

she was appearing in night clubs. At this time, she used her

maiden name for professional reasons.

The subject later

changed this statement to the fact that she used a "nickname"

11ke"VON SONNENBERG"

, but stated that she always used CLARA

• as her first name.

He advised that he had no formal education and he

only went as high as the sixth grade and never remained for any

length of: time at any one school due to his mother's travelling.

He stated that the school in Munich which he attended for about

two years was the longest time that he was ever at one school.

He advised that he had no schooling whatsoever in English and

that he has learned English since he arrived in the US.

While in Germany, he never belonged to the Nazi

Party and constantly stated

that he could recall very easily

how hard and difficult everything was in life for him.

He

advised that he remembered his mother and Jewish friends

speaking in Yiddish in hushed tones in a manner so that he

could not overhear the terrible things that were happening to

the Jewish people at this time. He advised that he understood

Yiddish from being brought up in this atmosphere but was not

fluent in 1t.

Sometime prior to the beginning of World War II

or in 1940, he and his mother left Germany and fled to

Switzerland. They travelled to Switzerland by train but he did

not recall anything concerning dates or places connected

with this travel.

He stated that he did recall, however, that

chey proceeded directly Irom Munich, Germany to Basel.

Switzerland,

and later,

from Based to Zurich, Switzerland.

After he left Germany he never heard from his

school friends

again, but his mother heard from her friends.

He recalled staying in a small hotel in Zurich

named Engemathof. He also recalled going to a private music

school in Zurich. Until they left Zurich to come to the Us,

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both he and his mother moved around quite a bit in Switzerland.

He advised that during his period of residence in Switzerland,

he never served in the Swiss Army.

Prior to leaving Switzerland, his mother heard

from his father who was again in the US, In Datroit?,

Michigan; that he had renazried and had a new wife who was

fifteen to twenty years younger. than he.: The subject stated

that he could not recall definitely, but presume that he and

his mother were travelling on an American passport from

Germany to Switzerland.

His mother applied at the US Embassy In Zurich

(later said Geneva) for papers to come to the US. He was a

US citizen by birth and while he accompanied his mother,

his mother did all the explaining necessary at the Embassy

to get papers as he could not speak English and nobody at

the Embassy could speak German. His mother brought his birth

certificate and other,apers to

the Embassy and she was the one

handling these documents.

She obtained from the Us embassy

"documents"

which allowed them to coine to the. US. He did not

say passport, and when asked how he could come to the US without

a passport he advised that if you needed a passport to enter the

Us, then he did not understand how he got in, but his mother

arranged to get "papers" at the US Embassy and he did not

recall anything concerning this matter.

He was unable to

describe these papers in any respect stating that his mother

handled all of this.

He stated that even though he was certainly

knowledge of the English language.

With regard to the date that he came to the US, he

advised at various times that this date was 1944 through 1947,

and at no time could he be specific regarding this date.

believed that it was after World War II ceased in Europe.

He advised that they travelled from Switzerland

to a port in France by train.

He could not recall the name of

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NY 65-18237

the port in France from which they departed..

They then

travelled by ship from this unrecalled port in France to

NYC.

He stated that he could not recall the name of the

ship, but believed it was an American ship because the crew

spoke English.

He stated he recalled nothing of showing his

papers when he entered the US and could not recall exactly

how he entered, the us in regard to debarking from the ship,

but did recall

that when they first arrived in NYC he and

his mother stayed in Manhattan for several months in a midtown

hotel.

They then moved to Brooklyn where his mother llved

under

her maiden name.

At this time his mother-

worked®

as a beautician and he occasionally Prayed

the piano. He remembered practicing the piano with one

ROBERTO (INU) for several months and recalled that ROBERTO

Has a good

singer: as well asia pianist.

When his mother came to the US she then became

very sorry regarding this move since she could not get

together with his father who was now married to a younger

woman.

She found this out while living in Brooklyn.

the subjeet could not reconcile this statement

with the previous statement that his mother knew his father

had remarried prior to coming into the US.

When they moved to Brooklyn, he recalled that

they wereliving with a Jewish woman who resided four or five

They remained here about two to

three months while living

in Brooklyn. His mother also worked

In a luncheonette as a "saleswoman"

They remained all

together for about six or seven months while residing in

Brooklyn. They departed from Brooklyn about 1947.

While living In Brooklyn, he recalled that the

Jewish woman wanted him to marry her fat niece who was 200 lbs.

and wore red shoes.

he thought this girl was older than him,

but could have possibly been about the same age. He refused

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NY 65-18217

to marry this girl and recalled that this Jewish woman's

first name was REBECCA.

About this time he and his mother started to

move and his mother began to sing again.

They travelled

to Boston where his mother sang and also they stayed in four

or five towns between Ny and Boston, but he could not recall

the names of these towns.

At this time he wanted to be his

mother's accompanist, but she refused.

He remembered that

while in Boston' they lived in a furnished room off a big street

which ran from a railroad station to the center of town.

It was in Boston about 1949 or 1950, that his

mother decided to return to Germany. She parted from him

In Boston and he does not know where she went to in Germany and

never heard from her again. He assumed that she died

some time after departing in 1949 or 1950.

Upon leaving Boston, his mother left him four or

five hundred dollars when she departed. He only worked

occasionally in Boston as a pianist accompanying singers. He

could not recall where he lived, the names of any of the

singers he accompanied, or the names of any of the clubs or

bars in which he played.

About 1951, he moved back to NY and stayed on the

east side of town around 34th St. at Second or Third Avenues,

but did not recall exactly where

or how long. He advised that

he believed that he stayed here about six months and then

moved about the Us to various cities.

He stated that in these tours he stayed at the

following places for approximately the lengths of time

Indicated:

C1ty

Boston

-New York

Miami

Length of Stay

:5 to 6 months-with mother

Since 1957 and previous!"

both on arrival and in 1951

3 weeks

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NY 65-18217

.City

Washington, D.C.

San Francisco

Dallas

Ft. Worth

Chicago

Philadelphia

Houston

Detroit

Kansas City, Kansas

New Orleans

Length of Stay

2 weeks

lz to 2 years

2 months

2 months

22 to 3 years

2 months

3 weeks

2 years

2 months

Several months

He did most of his travelling around the country

by bus or hitchhiking.

While travelling around the country

he worked as a pianist, at odd jobs, and as a salesman.

recalled working in the Hotel Sherry Frontenac in Miami,

Florida, both as

a bellboy and a pianist.

He recalled being

in san hrancisco in the summer time and shortly thereafter

going to Chicago.

He could not remember the names of any

employers or of any hotels at which he stayed during his

travels around the us.

He remembered one job in either Chicago or Detroit

where he bought boxes of nylon stockings for 35 cents and sold

these boxes for $1.00.

• He stated that at this time he

bought about 200 or 300 boxes, but recalles that the stockings

that he was selling were no good.

He advised that around this

time he remembered staying in Chicago for quite a long time

because it was easy to make money there.

He recalled that when he was in Detroit he went

to Dearborn, Michigan, and applied for a job as a common

laborer with a construction company called Weber and Bankirk.

He applied with about 20 others but he failed to get this

He stated that he was not a member of a Union but that on

this construction job there were no unichs involved and his

lack of union membership was not the reason for his inability

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NY 65-18217

He advised that he recalled meeting a Negress

called Miss (FNU) POWELI..

He could recall very little about

this Miss POWELL except that she squinted and lived about ten

blocks from Michigan Ave.

He was taking piano lessons from

her and she charged about fifty cents per lesson and he took

20 or 30 lessons at the rate of two lessons per week. upon

leaving Chicago he went directly to Detroit, Michigan. He

then stated that, now he recalls that it was

in Detroit, not

In Chicago, where he met Miss POWELL.

He stated that he stayed for several months in

Detroit and that his main purpose for being in Detroit was an

attempt on his part to locate his father. He stated that he

did not know his father's residence, but went to an area in

Detroit called Hamtramck. He stated that he went to this

particular area because it contained a lot of foreigner

and he felt that he would stand the best chance of locating his

father in this particular section.

He advised that the way

he went about locating his father, since he did not know his

address, was to stop people in the street and ask them if they

knew of his father, mentioning his name. He also went in to

many bars and queried both the patrons and the bartenders

in this same fashion.

He recalled that while in Detroit he

stayed at a residential hotel which cost about a dollar a day.

He left Detroit and went directly to Nagara Falls

Ny, where he stayed for one day. This was about 1955 or 1956.

of months.

He then came to NYC where he stayed for a couple

He stated that he stayed at a hotel in NYC, the

name unrecalled. He worked as a salesman selling jewelry,

earrings, etc.

He advised that he believed that at this

time he lived

on the west side about 27th or 28th St.,

between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, because he remembered going

up town to around 3ist,

3and or 33rd Sts. to buy the jewelry

in Wholesale which he then in turn went around seling at

retail pares.

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NY 65-18217

At this point, the subject experienced great

difficulty in remembering any additional factors and he decided

to start with the present time and work backwards in an

attempt to resolve his actions for the ensuing period.

He stated that he is presently employed for Service

Guidance as a salesman. He described this organization as one which

sells a service to people, like plumbers, whereby they (Service

Guidance) recommend: them at a'rate of $25.00 per postäl zone. He

stated that a person wishing to join this service could

as many postal zones as were yet untaken in the specific trade,

I=. plumbers.•

He stated that he worked for this company

for only a couple of months and that his immediate employer's

name was a Mr. (FNU) LEVY and that the address of this

organization was 66 Court St.; Brooklyn.

He also worked for a Charles Chester Shoe Company.

He described the address of this organization as also on Court

St. in Brooklyn.

He stated that he sold shoes for this company

and worked for them for about five or six months.

He advised that another employer was one MIKE

MUNVES and that this employnent involved selling a machine that

sold or dispensed four types of drinks.

The location of this

employment was near Tenth Ave. and 4and St., the exact address

unrecalled and he advised that he did not work here too long..

He advised that another simultaneous employment was

Professional Detail Service, 107-27 Hillside Ave., Forest Hills,

Queens.

He stated that he only sold this service in Manhattan

and that the service was one which promoted better relations

between druggists and doctors.

This service sent gifts and

letters from abroad to doctors from the druggists who subscribed

to the service. He worked here for a period of about six months.

He advised that he also sells Wonder Books. which are

childrens books::? He: was employed in this capacity I0:

about one year. He stated that this organization was located in

the Bronx at an address unrecalled but that it later moved to

another location in the Bronx, and that the way to get there

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NY 65-18217

He stated that he also worked for Stay Put Signs

which was located somewhere on either 31st or 32nd St. in

NYC on the third floor.

He could not remember how long he

worked for this organization.

He advised that he resided at his present address,

164 West 86th St., about six or seven months.

Before this he also llved on the west side at 94th

St.

The address was in the 300s, but he could not recall the

exact address.

He stated that there was a five in the ending

of the address: and that it night have been 325 West 94th St:; this

was a hotel, and that he lived here four to six months.

stated that about le hears ago while in NY he

got a telegram

from a girl in Sharon, Pennsylvania, and received a letter

from this girl and also called her on the phone.

He stated that

the sequence of events in relation to this girl

was that he

called her on the phone, and stated that he would come down to

Pennsylvania and visit her.

Just prior to the appointed time.

for the visit she sent him

a telegram telling him not to come

as the town was being flooded.

He stated that since he could

th c chen came dek to a and mered to the

address at 94th St.

While staying in Philadelphia, he lived

In a hotel paying about $2.50 a day for room and was here for

about one month.

Prior to living in Philadelphia, he stayed in

a hotel in Baltimore and he could not recall the names of

e1ther of these hotels.

Prior to taking this trip he lived on the west side

of NYC at an address where he got a telegram and he believed

this was at 85th St. He stated that this was an apartment

run by an old German couple, a man and a woman, and the

address was between the 100 and 200 series and he believed it

to be 115.. He stated that prior to this he lived at l0lst st.

In NYC, and before that he resided on West End Ave., and they

were his..

only residences during this period in wYs.

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• With regard to the subject serving in the Armed

Forces of the United States since his arrival here, he stated

that although he registered for the Draft, he was not accepted

for service because he had flat feet. When he was advised

that flat feet would not keep one from serving in the Armed

Forces, he stated

there was something else that the

doctors had found out that was wrong with him but they did

not tell him what it was and he did not know what it was.

He

stated

he-believed also that he was kept out of the

service because the time he took his physical examination,

he could not speak English and

because of his lack of

knowledge of the English language, he was not taken into the

Armed Forces.

When advised that lack of knowledge of the

English language does not keep you out, but on the contrary,

special schools are run in the Armed Forces after

Induction and

this could not possibly be a reason for

non service, he stated

very do, he late never he ad not kro thy

he did not know why they did

but they never classified as being physically teac

When asked why he received a 5A classification instead

on a in classification, he advised that the man who typed his

card at the Draft Board probably made a mistake in classi

fying him: He advised that he knew that the term 4F applied

to persons who were rejected from military service for

physical reasons and

he believed that was what he should

have been classified.

Selective Service Act and being classified under another

Selective Service Act. He stated he did not register for

the Selective Service Act of 1940, did not serve in the

Armed Forces in the Korean War and could give no reason for

not registering under this Act.

With regard to certain of the contents of his

wallet, the subject advised as

follows.

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With regard to the package of $20 bills amounting

to $1920, he stated

he saved this up over the years

and kept on adding to it. He tied It with a thread

and

wrapped it in brown paper because it was neater.

He stated

he saved only $20 bills because he liked them and they

were

less bulky than $5 or $10 bills. He stated

knew there was exactly $1920 in this package. He would not

say when he first used brown paper to wrap the money but

stated he used many wrappers and they wore out over a period

of time.

With regard to the lease for his present apartment,

he stated

the name, IRVING RUBEN, written on It, 1s an

Individual working in Professional Detail Service and

the phone number appearing after it is RUBEN's phone number. He

stated

the telephone number TR 4-9213 was the telephone

number of the building he presently resides in.

With regard to the registration card from Local

Board number 161,

he claimed that the address shown, namely,

211 Clinton Street, Brooklyn, New York, was his address at

that time and that

he registered right after coming to the

United States but upon reflection,

two years after he came to the United States.

Estatea it could have beeri

With regard to the Notice of Classification, he

stated

this was mailed to him at the same address on

Clinton Street and, although he had not lived there for

four years, a friend received this card and gave it to him

but he does not wish to say who this friend is.

With regard to the receipts for radios purchased

at the Grand Central Radio Shop, he stated

he originally

bought a Hallicrafters Radio to listen to radio messages from

satellites in orbit around the earth.

He traded this radio

in at a later date and at this time, got a better radio. He

stated

he utilized ear phones with this radio only

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because if he turned a speaker up, it would disturb the

neighbors next door and also after certain hours, you

cannot turn on a radio in furnished rooms.

He stated

he listened to broadcasts from San Francisco, Chicago, and

foreign broadcasts from Germany, Switzerland, England,

France and Brazil.

With regard to the school certificate from the

University of london, he stated "Let me say something first.

That is a phony. "

He stated he bought it about five years

ago and used it to get a steady job. He would not state

where he bought it or from whom or anything else connected

with it and would not

state where he utilized this certificate

to get a job.

With regard to the certificate of birth registration,

he stated "This is my birth

certificate.

My mother gave me

this in Switzerland before we applied at the United States

Consulate in 1945."

FINAL STORY OF HIS TRUE BACKGROUND

Subject subsequently changed his story as to his

background but stated he would not furnish details concerning

his father and mother and his personal. life.

He said, however, that his father was a German and

his mother a Jew and that he had been born in the United States.

He declined to say exactly when he left the United States but

indicated 1t was at an early age.

He said

his father and

mother separated while he was quite young and he lived with

his mother.

She used her maiden name and he was also known

by this name.

According to him, his father became a prominent

Nazi and served in HIILER's army.

He indicated

l that. "is

father

.....

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may have been a scientist and had something to do with

scientific developments.

He stated that while his father

and mother separated, his father never remarried and did

not live with any mistress.

His father secretly met with his

mother under clandestine circumstances on many occasions

and the subject, on some occasions, went to Berlin with his

mother to meet with his father.

According to the subject, this marriage was

apparently never known to Nazi officials and did not prevent

his father from being accepted as a true Nazi.

He stated

that his father frequently sent money and gifts to his

mother and himself.

subject claims to not know whether

his father is dead or not but said he has heard nothing

definite about his father since World War II.

Subject claims to have led an extremely difficult

life and said that he has been persecuted and taken advantage

of from as early as he could remember.

He said that he

has always lived with his mother and

. that most of his life

was in Germany.

He stated that he has spoken English since

a child, that both his mother and father spoke English and

that in addition to speaking English with them, he has also

been accustomed to using the English language in talking to

various friends of his mother.

He indicated that he had,

at one time, been in England, probably with his parents, or

at least with his mother.

Subject Indicated that he and his mother had, at

one

time, been in a displaced persons camp but he would not

say in what country or indicate the camp.

He did say that

he and his mother had attempted to gain admittance to the

United States and indicated this attempt may have been made

while in the aisplaced persons camp.

Subject indicated that up until early 1959, he had

been residing with his

mother In a city. in East. Germiny.

- He

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would not name the city but said it was not East Berlin.

He said he was employed as a music teacher and resided in

an apartment with his mother.

Subject refused to give any details of his

personal history and stated that he did not, at this time,

want to furnish any information which would

identiry his

mother or father.

He Indicated that his father had held

such a position in the Nazi government that his name would

be known to us.

He also indicated that because of certain

acts of his father, he was afraid that this would have a

detrimental effect

ever being allowed to remain in the United States.

FINAL STORY AS TO RECRUITMENT, INTELLIGENCE

TRAINING AND ASSIGNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

Recruitment

In about July, 1958, subject was residing with

his mother In a city in East Germany.

He was employed as

a piano instructor at a music school and also gave private

lessons.

The music schools in East Germany are under the

direction and control of the Ministry of Culture of the

tart or nis duties entalled

He and other

instructors at the music school would furnish musical

entertainment which was used to entice people to the

meetings.

by a man

subject by his name and questioned him about his work at the

school. KUEHN appeared to be familiar with the personnel

and school activities generally.

Subject formed the opinion

that KUEHN was either a superintendent of the school or an

official of the Cultural Ministry of the East German Govern-

ment. The conversation between KUEHN and the subject was

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held in the school building and KUEHN suggested that they

meet again at a later date.

Subject agreed and suggested

that the meeting be held at his, subject's, apartment.

described KUEHN as being 40 years of age, six feet, one inch,

tall, bony structure, light brown hair,

light eyes with no

other distinguishing

marks. Subject stated that KUEHN was

a very cultured and well-educated person who spoke "hoch"

or high German.

He believed that KUEHN was possibly a

Berliner. KUEHN could read English but was unable to speak it.

After the meeting that was held at

subject's

apartment, KUEHN scheduled a third meeting at his apartment.

KUEHN accompanied subject to the house and escorted him

into the apartment house through the rear door.

Subject

said that the apartment house was four stories high and con-

tained approximately 34 apartments.

The apartment to which

he was escorted was on the third floor in a wing of the

building.

The apartment consisted of a large parlor on either

side of which were two separate units. Each unit consisted

of a bedroom and living room. Subject was escorted to the

bedroom and living room on the left hand side of the parlor

as he entered.

The kitchen and toilet facilities were

adjacent to the apartment on the right hand side.

KUEHN

suggested a fourth meeting with the subject

anch a sube he date estato ate subject to

Upon arrival at the restaurant, KUEHN pointed out a man

whom subject described as either American of English looking

and who was quite dapperly dressed, sitting alone at another

table in the restaurant.

KUEHN suggested to the subject

that he address

him and offer

assistance.

In view of

his American appearance, he suggested the possibility that

the man was unable to order properly.

Subject advised that

he objected on the grounds that he did not know the man.

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However, KUEHN Insisted and thereupon subject addressed

this unknown man.

The man pretended to be delighted to

find somebody with whom he could converse in English and

at KUEHN's suggestion,

subject invited this unknown man

to their table.

The man questioned subject closely regarding

the books in the English language that he had rea and his

education in English.

subject stated that he, upon reflection,

decided that this man was in the restaurant by prearrangement

with KUEHN for the sole purpose of testing subject's English.

He deduced this from the questions he was asked by this unknown

man concerning his background in English studies and literature.

Subject recalled that KUEHN ordered a bottle of

wine with the dinner and the subject was quite surprised at

the termination of the meal when KUEHN allowed

a or the mood wast

• subject to

pay the check.

Subject advised that he had made the offer

out of courtesy.

Upon leaving the restaurant, KUEHN advised

subject that he did not want to argue with the

subject over

the check while in the restaurant and placed a sum of money

in subject's pocket.

Subject stated that upon his arrival

at home, he found that the money given to him by KUEHN was

300 East German marks. The check in the restaurant had been

merely 60 East German marks.

Subject had a series of four more meetings with

KUEHN at which they discussed politics and geography. At

the eighth meeting, which was approximately two months after

his initial introduction to KUEHN, while talking in KUEHN's

apartment,

KUEHN said to the subject "I came across a name

which will be interesting to you. "

He thereupon mentioned

the subject's father's name.

Subject aävised that because

his father had failed to notify the Nazi government that he

was married to a Jewess

it would be detrimental to

his father should it be known. His mother and he, so far as he

knew, were the only ones who knew of the marriage. The

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revelation by KUEHN took subject so by surprise that he

Immediately began discussing his father's career and

relationship to him and his mother.

Subject stated that

he was afraid for himself and for his mother believing that

reprisals. would be taken against them because of his father's

prominence as a Nazi.

After revealing to KUEHN all the

details of his father's relationship with his mother,

KUEHN assured him that he would not use the Information

which subject had given to him and facts he knew about

subject's father to the detriment of either subject or

his mother.

Upon reflection, subject felt that KUEHN

actually did not know as much about his father as subject

had related and he felt later that he had been tricked into

revealing too much.

He said, however, that his purpose was

to try to show that he bad actually had very little to do

with his father and that he had always lived with his mother.

Subject advised that his education and indoctrination

continued with KUEHN for about two more months, the meetings

being held in KUEHN's apartment.

KUEHN began his educational course with geographical

albums on the Soviet Government.

These albums contained

information on the progress that the Soviet Government has

made since the Soviet Revolution. The albums contained

photographs of cities, buildings, factories and important

landmarks of the soviet union.

Underneath the photographs

were descriptions citing the production figures of the

factory or the political or social significance of the

photographed place.

The second album introduced by KUEHN

was on the socialist Camp.

This consisted, according to

subject, of photographs of cities and places of countries

that are affiliated with the Soviet Union, such as Czecho-

slovakia, Bulgaria, etc.

These albums also contained figures

and charts and a description of the progress that has been

made by these countries since they adopted a Communist

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Government.

subject was required to memorize the facts and

figures which were supplied in these albums and he was

questioned on them by KUEHN.

He was also given record

albums containing the national music of various countries

and specifically of the Soviet Union. Subject had a good musi-

cal

background and was aware of many of the more prominent

composers throughout Europe but was not especially familiar

with various soviet artists.

Because of this, much of the

material concerned Soviet music and composers.

subject

was also furnished with material which identified and gave

the background of leading Communist figures.

He said he

became familiar with the background of most of the leading

figures in the Soviet Union.

In describing various charts

furnished subject, he said

they were

"beautifully done."

said many were in color and very effectively portrayed

the .

advancement which has been made in the Soviet Union.

recalled specifically a chart comparing illiteracy at the

time of the revolution with the present time and stated that

the chart dealing with this stated that over 90% of the

people were illiterate, and at the present time well under

10% are illiterate.

The albums, brochures, and charts were

in the German language.

smearinates 9409989980320100 amer daàe-da

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Training in Radio Reception

Subject advised that after approximately four

months association with KUEHN he went to the apartment

and was introduced by KUEHN to a Mr. SCHILLER. SCHILLER •

made a joking remark to the subject impizing

that the

apartment was not KUEHN's, but was in fact SCHILLER'S.

Subject describes SCHILLER as being approximately 47

years old, dark hair, dark complexion, about 5' 101 tall,

and rather chubby.

The only distinguishing reature

subject could recall was that SCHILLER had a recessed

bridge to his nose.

He advised that SCHILLER spoke

German with either a Mecklenburg or part Polish accent.

He advised that SCHILLER was not as cultured as KUEHN,

but appeared to have a very wide technical knowledge.

Subject stated that SCHILLER was an engineer or

technician.

He questioned the subject on his knowledge

of radio operation and construction. After questioning

subject, SCHILLER told him that he knew nothing about

radio and proceeded to give him instructions. SCHILLER

also furnished subject manuals on radio construction and

operation.

He went into complete details on the

functional parts of radio. At the completion of the

technical aspects of the radio construction, subject

was required to locate various frequencies on the radio

to display his ability to locate low wave length broadcasts.

One of the stations which subject was required to locate

contained a broadcast by a man who recited five digit

numbers with a slight pause after each grouping.

Subject had no training in ciphers or code at this time,

but was merely required to copy down the numbers as

recited by the broadcaster.

subject stated that he wre

- commended by. SCHILLER for his aptitude In locating the

station and recording the numbers broadcast.

course of instruction consisting of the training in.

"radio breakdown and construction and his ability to tune

construction an

In the station desired took approximately three weeks.

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Instruction in Espionage Technique

After the completion of the radio course,

the subject was furnished books which were case

histories on espionage activity by German, English, and

other agents during and prior to World War II.

recalled that the first book that was furnished to him

by SCHILLER was "The Espionage Activities of I. E. Lawrence"

a British Intelligence agent. With this book and the other

books which subject was required

to read, he received a

supplement for each book, which he was told to guard

carefully as they were considered highly confidential

by his instructors.

These supplements consisted of a

series of questions on the errors that were committed

by the espionage agent.

The supplement made reference

SCHILLER discussed in

by page to the espionage book the espionage agent, the

detail the techniques used by

errors the agent made, and also the particularly fine

accomplishments which

he might have made. Subject was

questioned in detail regarding the errors and advantages

of various espionage techniques.

subject stated that

at about this time he gathered that he was being

groomed by SCHILLER for activity outside the East German

Government. Heretofore, under the training of KUEHN and

SCHILLER, he believed that he was being groomed for use

within the East German Government itself.

After the completion of the course on espionage

techniques, subject told SCHILLER that if he was being

groomed to work in the west Berlin sector or the Western

zone of Germany, he would not accept such an assignment.

he said he dia this because he was continually reading

about East German agents who were apprehended by West

German authorities. Subject advised the books on espionage

cases were for the most part in the English language. He

remembered one was about

spies on Long Island, New York,

and another dealt with the Rote Kapelle.

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Training in the Use of Secret Writing

subject stated that after the completion of

his studies on espionage techniques and the errors

committed by espionage agents, he was then introduced

Into the use of preparing secret writing by SCHILLER.

In this connection, SCHILLER told subject that

he could prepare an open text letter whichwould appear

entirely innocuous.

Thereafter, SCHILLER showed subject

how to use special

paper and this was done in the

following manner.

After an open text letter was prepared,

using either pencil, pen, or a typewriter, the open text

letter was placed over a special sheet of transfer paper.

Subject described this as a chemically treated paper which

could be used to transfer invisible messages to another

sheet. SCHILLER taught subject to place the transfer

paper on a table and according to subject, any hard surface

was satisfactory.

He said it could be done on glass,

marble, or wood,

and in lact the wood suriace did not have

to be especially hard.

He said that in placing the open text letter on

the transfer paper you could write on either the side on

which writing appeared or on the back, or on both.

He

said that he was taught to use a rounded instrument with

no sharp edges and said that a piece of wood could be

used, but he, himself, customarily used the reverse end of

•a ball point pen and he demonstrated with a ball point

pen, which had a fairly fine end, but was not sharp.

He said that the letters or numbers could be written

right over the handwriting or typewriting, but they

had to be larger and he indicated a size almost one half Inch

high.

It was noted, however,

that in demonstrating this

writing his actual letters and numbers did not appear

to be quite this large.:

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In the secret writing It did not matter where

he started on the page and there was no necessity to have

any breaks in

the writing

: for folding the letter:

said, however, that because of subsequent handling, it was

not desirable

to write near the edge either at the top

or bottom or on the sides.

In describing the pressure

exerted he said that a moderate amount was used to insure

the transfer, but nevertheless you should not press too

hard

as the indentations left should be light enough that

they could be removed.

He said that the transfer paper

furnished him was In tablet form and all of the paper in

the tablet was transfer paper as far as he knew.

He

said he was quite sure this was so as they did not tell

him to use only a certain portion of the tablet.

He

said they also told him that he could use each sheet of

transfer paper approximately five times, either side, but

that he normally only used

the transfer

paper once and then

destroyed it.

He said that he did not know anything about the

composition of the transfer paper other than that it was

specially treated.

With regard to the paper to be used

for the open text letter he said that any paper that was

not too rough or porous could be used.

showed him some lined paper which they did not consider

as the the Pa

He said they

desirable as the lines would interfere with reading some of

the secret writing.

• .

He said that there was no instruction given him

as to folding the paper, as to the type of envelope to

be used, or as to the number of sheets which could be

used in

any letter.

He said he presumed as many sheets

as necessary could be used and this would not affect

their ultimate readability.

He said they did tell him

not to handle the special paper too much as it might.

affect its transfer qualities and he was also told that he

should not handle the letters unnecessarily after the

secret writing had been placed on the letter.

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subject advised that for purposes of security

when a sheet of the transfer paper had been used, rather

than put it back in the pad

where

It might be detected,

subject was instructed that he could crumple the sheet

and

lay It aside casually where its significance would

not be detected by any searcher.

He advised that he

was instructed'that when he again desired to use the

paper he was not to smooth the crumpled sheet by pressing

It with his hand, but rather he was to take the sides

of the paper and stretch the paper back into shape.

Development of Secret Writing

After subject practiced

writing open text

letters and then preparing a secrei message on the

letter, he was given instructions in developing

the secret writing.

For this he was given three

pills. One of the pills was disguised as a greamalin

tablet and this tablet had three deltas or triangles

on 1t.

Inside the white coverage was a core which

the subject described as dark yellow.

(It actually

appears to be more of an orange-brown color. The

second tablet was the same size as the first one, but

there were no markings on the white outer coating.

The core of this second tablet was about the same

size as the first tablet, but subject describea it as

The third tablet also had a

white coating, but the coating was very thin.

The

tablet itself was much smaller in size and subject

described It as smaller than a Bayer aspirin

tablet.

The coating was very thin and the core of this tablet

was described by the subject as "ash" color.

In trying

to more definitely define this subject was asked if

It would be described as a light gray and he indicated

that he felt an ash color more

the not explain detaine what deserene

was.

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subjectwas advised that he should crush these

three tablets thoroughly.

He has the impression that the

white coating on all three have no purpose whatsoever

and he therefore did not make any special effort to

retain all of the coating. He crushed the core

very carefully until it was in powder form with no

grains remaining.

After all three cores had been

thoroughly crushed, they were placed in any solution

which contained 80 per cent or more alcohol. This

was then mixed very thoroughly and there was no time

limit placed on the mixing.

After It was mixed thoroughly,

the paper containing the secret writing was held by

the edges, quickly inserted into the solution, and

sifted around in the solution for approximately ten to

fifteen seconds. Subject said it was necessary that the

solution cover

the secret writing uniformly as

otherwise part of it would appear quickly and would be

over-exposed before the remainder was finished. He

said that it was necessary to watch this most closely

as when the writing started to appear there was only a

time of a few seconds that it could remain in the

He said that

would become visible along certain edges and he would

take the paper out too quickly, and as a result much of

the writing would never be visible.

With regard to the 80 per cent alcohol,

subject said that they did not indicate that any certain

product was desirable, although he presumed that a

however,

It could, but that he should be careful and not drink

too much. He said that he subsequently used a cologne

for this purpose (Jaynor Alcoloyne - purchased in the

United States) which contained 92-per cent. alcohol.

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With regard to the amount of liquid needed for

the solution, subject said they told him what the exact

amount was, but he had forgotten it as they gave him

an easy way to measure this.

He said he was told to

take a normal glass (by description and measurement

this turned out to be an eight ounce glass) and then.

fill the glass approximately half full of the liquid.

He would then tilt the glass until the liquid barely

touched the lip of the glass and also barely touched the

raised part of the bottom of the glass.

Thereafter,

he always added a very slight amount so that he actually

would have slightly over four ounces of liquid.

subject said that any container could be used

for mixing the solution and for sifting the paper in

the solution, but inasmuch as the secret writing could

be on both sides of the page, it was necessary to see

that the solution was sifted

over both top and bottom.

He demonstrated this by holding diagonally opposite

corners of a sheet of paper, quickly inserting them in a

Liquid moving the paper back and forth, and then at

approximately 12 seconds removing the paper from the

liquid. He then shook the paper slightly and said that

nothing else was needed, that it could dry by itself.

subject said that in the event the paper was

left in the solution too long the action could be

stayed somewhat by immediately placing It in cold

water after it was removed. He said, however, that this

did not do too much good.

With regard to the appearance of the secret

writing, he said that when developed It was a copper-

bronze color.

He said that when it first began to appear

It appeared as a very light brown and that you had to

remove the paper when the writing first became truly

Visible. He said that it the paper was left in the

solution too long the entire paper and writing would

turn a dark brown and the writing could not be read.

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With regard to the effect the solution had

on ink, he said that while the ink ran and became

smeared all over the paper he said that it was actually

easier to read with this background than if a pencil

or typewriter had been used.

While one sheet was normally developed at a time,

training was also given in developing two sheets at a

time, and subject thought that it might be possible to

do even more, but he thought this would be very

aifficult.

He said that when two sheets were going to be

developed at the same time you doubled the amount of

alcohol (eight ounces) and used a total of six pills.

The mixing was done exactly the same.

Thereafter,

you separate the two sheets to be developed by placing

a pencil or some other hard object of a similar size

between the edges of the sheets, grasping them securely

and then inserting them in the solution and sifting

as previously described.

He said that sometimes the

sides of the sheets facing each other did not receive

an even amount of the solution and this resulted in an

uneven development.

He said that there was also a way

to prevent too rapid development of the writing and

he said this was done by taking a drink of water,

holding It in your mouth, and spraying lightly on the

paper.

He said this was

probably desirable if you

tried to develop two sheets at the same time. Subject

stated that in practicing the secret writing and develop-

Ing the secret writing he used the same paper and

developers that he was subsequently provided with (except

for the alcohol) and he is therefore certain that his

secret writing can be developed with the chemicals

any of his own writing alter he came to the United

States.

-subject had at his room two shot glasses and

a small metal spoon, and he stated that he used these

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any of the cores of the pills. He said that for a

Leaned thor ony.

by placing the lip of an ashtray or similar object

and thereby forming a basin. He said anything of this

nature could be used and it could be tin, metal, or

glass.

Instruction in Use of Camera

subject advised that he was instructed in the

use of a camera. He stated that he had a good working

knowledge of the operations of the camera and that this

phase of the instruction extended over a very short period,

possibly one or two days.

He advised that he was not

Instructed in the method of preparing mikrats or

microdots.

He stated that he was instructed in the

technique of reading mikrats with the use of the camera.

He advised that although he had had the instruction,

he was never able to read a mikrat by this means.

advised that he was instructed by SCHILLER that the

best way to read the mikrat was with the use of a micro-

scope, but that in emergencies if no microscope were

available he could read the mikrat with the aid of the

camera in the following method: The mikrat was to be

placed on a piece of glass of transparent paper, such

as cellophane.

Underneath the mikrat a light source

was to be placed,

The lens of the camera was to be

opened to its widest capacity and the rear of the camera

was to be removed.

The camera was then to be held at the

proper distance from the mikrat and by the use of the

camera lens the mikrat would be sufficiently magnified to

enable it to be read.

He stated that the distance .on the

mikrat depended upon the strength of the lens of the camer,

and that it could only be done by trial.

He advised thai he

was given a

35 mm. Kodak camera for practice purposes and

was allowed

to retain it.

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Training in the Use of Cipher

In the last two weeks of instruction, SCHILLER

gave subject the following instructions in the use of ciphers

* which was to be used in his communications with his superior.

The secret writing processes which he had learned enabled

him to send hidden messages.

These messages, for further

security, were to be inciphered when mention was made

of sensitive subjects, which would include names, addresses,

and so forth.

With regard to the above usage, the subject was

provided with a combination code book and cipher pad. He

stated that he believed he could determine the size of this

book because it had left an imprint in his wallet where he

had carried it. He viewed his wallet but could not ascertain

the imprint.

from memory, alter looking at his wallet, he

stated that its approximate size was 3" x 22" x 3/8".

He described this book as follows:

It opened like a book rather than a pad. The

outside of the book was a greyish-green plastic type cover.

The cover itself had no writing on the outside of it.

He did not recall how the paper was bound to the cover,

but stated that it must have been glued because the individual

sheets came out very easily. He descirbed the sheets of

this book as very thin paper.

The color of these pages

have the same color as parchment paper and he stated that

this color would most approximate ivory. He stated that the

pages were divided into two sections, the first half of

the book being the ciphers for receiving and the second

half being the ciphers for sending.

The color of the pages

for both halves of the book was identical and they were

distinguished by a different color on the edges of the

pages; however, he could not recall the color utilized

on the edges of the papers.

He merely remembere that they

==x=

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were different. With regard to the writing on the pages,

he stated that

the printing on the pages was smaller

than typing, however,

he could not ascertain the exact

, size of the printing.

He stated there were approximately 100 pages in

this book, fifty pages for receiving and fifty pages for

sending.

He began using the first page for receiving

and then proceeded to the middle of the book for sending

rather than beginning at the opposite end. He believed

that the numbers were in five digit groups, that there

were about five groups to a line, and about forty lines

to a page. The lines ran consecutively for twenty lines

and then a double blank space appeared in the middle

of each page and twenty more lines appeared below this

spacing.

When sending or receiving a message he began using

the first half of the page. If the message did not

necessitate the use of the whole twenty line group, he

disregarded any remaining numbers in the first half of the

page for his second message.

He would begin his second

message then with the bottom half of the page.

When he

Iinished with the two halves of any page, he tore this page

from his book and destroyed it by burning.

In the back inside cover of the book was the code

that he utilized. This consisted of the German alphabet

with numbers after the letters signifying what numbers

should be used for what letters.

He stated that to the

best of his recollection, the majority of letters utilized

three digits, however, some had two and some had four

digits.

The

basic language used for the code was the German

language. The alphabet in the code book was not a complete

German alphabet, as several letters were missing. The missing

letters were repetitious letters which were differentiated

with an umlaut.

In addition to the alphabet, the code

contained

punctuation signs such as neriods, commas,

and s

so forth and he believed that all punctuatiun signs

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consisted of five digits,

There were no numerals in the

code and for the numbers zero through nine, the spelling

of these numbers was encoded. He stated that there

were also special signs in the code which also had

numerical equivilents although he could not remember

the number of aigits used in these equivilents.

, said that there was a special sign that meant that

what followed this sign in the message was in the Latin

alphabet rather than the German alphabet. There was another

sign which meant that what followed this sign was again

going to be in the German alphabet.

He stated that this

was necessary because being in America you would run

Into words which could not directly be translated into

German and, therefore, would necessitate it to be written

in English.

The only other things appearing on the back

page of this code book was a set of numbers which was

his code name for signing his

secret writing message.

As an example of how he utilized this code he

provided the following ercoding of the word "dear":

D

24

E

345

R

34

7891

12345

24345

36680

24,345

: D

E

67895

46789

34697

34789

91574

34,789

A

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He stated that when enciphering the code, the

numbers from the cipher pad were added to the code, which

had already been prepared.

The addition was done from

the beginning i.e.

the left side of the line.

the numbers were added and the total was more than 10,

only the last digit was put down,

the first digit beine

dropped completely and not carried in the total.

General Instructions

After KUEHN introduced subject to SCHILLER, subject

visited the apartment in which he was trained alone.

At

the

first meeting alone with SCHILLER, after subject was in

the apartment for about an hour, SCHILLER received a

telephone call, after which he

questioned subject as to

whether subject had noticed that he had been surveilled

that he had not made any such observation and SCHILLER

proceeded to tell subject in detail what he had done

and how he had travelled from the time he left the music

school until he arrived at the apartment. SCHILLER cautioned

subject that for security reasons he must be alert for

surveillance. He told him that in crossing streets he

should look back and observe whether any person was

following him.

subject advised that on three or Iour

subsequent occasions he observed KUEHN observing him

and so reported to SCHILLER.

subject stated that this

was the extent of training he had in surveillance detection.

Subject advised that in the last two months

• of his training the tempo of his meetings with SCHILLER

increased to four or five meetings a week. The training

period was from 9:00 a. m. to 3:00 p.m. or from 3:00

p. m. to 9:00 p.M.

In addition to the training periods,

subject was instructed and did make several trips from

Fana dia mate

the East Berlin sector to the West Berlin sector in order

to observe the security regulations of both the East

Berlin and West Berlin police.. He also was instruoued

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to observe the baggage check procedures followed by both

sides.

SCHILLER instructed that subject was to particularly

consider boarding a train on the Lichtenstein station

of East Berlin and to leave the railroad at the Bahnhof

Am. Zoo station in West Berlin.

From West Berlin he was

to immediately embark via plane for paris. He was

instructed that he should travel from the Bahnhor station

to the airline office and learn the procedure which he

would use when he was making this actual trip. Subject

advised that he made trial runs on three or four occasions.

Subject was advised that when in the United states,

An entire album of photographs which depicted

the buildings in the vicinity of the emergency drop, the

park area through which he would travel toward the drop,

and the location of the drop shown from several angles

In the photographs.

Subject was instructed that if he

had to use this emergency drop he should place a message

In it on the first saturday of the first, third, sixth,

or ninth month. He should visit the drop if possible

before 6:00 p.m.

He was told that any message he placed

in the drop should be in secret writing or code and he

was advised

that the message could be rolled up tightly

and then covered with scotch tape in order to make it

waterproof. With regard to the first, third, sixth,

and ninth month, the subject said that they told him

every three months, but then did say first, third, sixth,

or ninth.

subject said

drop and he would not be expected to use it if he could

communicate with his principal through his normal mail

drop.

He said this was the only drop that wais

provided

him in the United States.

The instructions which subject received to locate

the drop were as follows:

Go to 259th Street and Broadway and on the northwest

corner of this intersection was a furniture store:

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the street to the edge of the park in line with this furniture

store.

Proceed into the park in a direct line past an

open play area and proceed for about five minutes checking

behind you to male

sure you are proceeding in a direct

line with the furniture

store at your back.

After about

five minutes walking, you will come to a slight rise.

On

the other side of this rise are located three rocks.

The

first rock about shoulder height on a man, the second rock

about three feet high in line with the first and the third

rock about one foot high and in line with the other two.

Under the thira rock there will be locateá a container to

receive the messages.

The subject stated that although

he could not remember exactly,

there was some type of

path close by to the rock under which the container is

located.

subject further advised that said path was between

the first large rock and the remaining smaller rocks.

General Observations of Subject

During Training Period

Subject advised that from various things he observed

he was sure that the apartment in which he received his

training was also being used to train other individuals for

a similar purpose.

He said that frequently on arriving at

the apartment, he would notice numerous cigarette butts

in the asn trays. He also on one occasion arrived at the

apartment approximately thirty minutes early and was told

at that time that he should not arrive before the appointed

Thereafter, if he would get to the apartment before

the scheduled time he would have coffee at a nearby cafe.

While sitting in this cafe he noticed another young German

about his age walking by the cafe carrying books on several

occasions.

Also, on one occasion, when he left the apartment

he noticed this same German in the cafe having coffee and,

in his own mino, he is quite certain this individual was

perhaps destined for the United States inasmuch as subjeat

noted that he had the same German-English books as did

the subject.

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While the apartment building was obviously used

for residential purposes, the apartnent which subject

visited

was at one end of the building and had large

antennas and also had the windows covered with heavy drapes.

Subject noted that on the opposite end of the apartment

building was another apartment with similar drapes and

antennas and he, therefore, concluded that probably the

second apartment was utilized for the same purpose.

In the apartment where subject received his

training, he was always immediately escorted to one bedroom

wing of the apartment and remained in this wing all the

time he was there. He was quite certain that another

student was receiving training at the same time in the other

bedroom wing inasmuch as frequently he heard voices. In

addition, he was instructed never to come out of the rooms

he was in without knocking on the door and being permitted

to come out,

This was true whether he wanted to go to the

bathroom or wanted anything in connection with his work.

It was also tire

when he was through with his work

and ready to depart.

Subject observed that on several

occasions se also heard female voices.

Subject stated that he believed that both KUEHN

and SCHILIER were members of the East German Secret Police.

They never asked him about other students or his friends.

Subjert aid not inow whether anyone else was aware of the

training he war receiving, but he supposed that the principal

of the music school knew that he was under instruction

because on one orcasion when he was unable to attend class

the principal said to him "Oh, it's right you are busy.

will get someore to substitute for you"

• Subject advised

that as the tempo of his meetings increased it was necessary

for him to miss some of his classes. SCHILLER instructed

him to skip the classes and obtain a substitute.

SCHILLER

reimbursed subject for the pay he would lose by missing

the classes. Subject recalls that the first payment he

received from SCHILLER was 400 East German marks.

He udvised

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that SCHILLER paid him regularly in this fashion but did not

demand a receipt for the payments.

He stated also that in

addition to the initial 300 marks which KUEHN had given

to him, KUEHN also had given him the funds from time to

time and KUEHN did not require that he sign a receipt.

Mail Drop Instructions

After subject was advised that he was to be sent

to the United States he was furnished the name of an

Individual in France who was to be his mail drop. This

Individual resides in the saint Clichy area, a suburb of

Subject was told to send his letters to this

individual airmail and in the open text of the letters

was to indicate whether or not there was secret writings

by including the word serious or seriously on the tenth

line of the open text letter.

He was told that on the

Ilap of the envelope he should not put

a return address,

just the name "Melvin Bushe"

• With regard to letters

which he would receive, the word light or lightly on the

tenth line would signify to him that there was secret

writing on the letter.

Letters which he receives would

have the name OSWALD BOUCHE on the flap of the envelope

with no city or country indicated.

these letters to him began "Dear Helmuth" and text of

and they are

signed OSWALD.

Subject was not told how often he should write or

how often he would receive letters, but was told that he

should not bother them with too many letters and he

and her to or

therefore expected that he would communicate with them

perhaps every three months.

He also said that he did not

expect to hear from them except when they answered his

letters.

They indicated

that they would acknowledge

receipt of his letters but indicated that it would be

unlikely that they would communicate with him except

after he had written them.

OSWALD BOUCHE was not the name of the person at the mail

the name datoe

subject stated that the name

drop which he wrote to.

=.."

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Receipt of Material and Preparations for Departure

Approximately three or four days prior to the

time he was

to actually depart for the United States,

subject was introduced by SCHILLER and KUEHN to a

third individual.

Subject recalled that on this occasion

when the three of them were at the apartment, SCHILLER

and KUEHN were very nervous and were obviously hoping

that the individual coming to visit them would be impressed

with the subject and the training ne had received.

individual was late in coming to the apartment and KUEHN :

to tras

and SCHILLER were very nervous whild waiting for his arrival.

When the individual came, he was introduced by

name, but subject said that since he met this unknown individual

only on this occasion and on the day that he actually travelled

to East Berlin, he does not recall this man's name. He

described this

person as follows:

Russian nationality; 40 years old; 230 pounds, 6 feet

tall; a football type with very rough mannerisms who spoke

German with a distinct Russian accent. His only distinctive

feature was his massive frame.

This person questioned subject

generally on the instruction he had received and then

congratulated him on passing his course and receiving the

trust which was being placed in him by his instructors.

This man had with him about six pages of forms which were

receipts Ior the property that subject was to receive in

connection with his trip to the United States as an

Intelligence agent.

Neither SCHILLER, KUEHN, or this man

had ever required subject to furnish a statement of cooperation.

In the numerous papers which subject signed at this time,

he believes that there was no statement of cooperation;

however, he said that he signed the papers so quickly he

could not be certain. He states positively no mention

of a statement of cooperation was made to him nor was

It brought to his attention if it were among the papers

which he signed.

At this time he received the following

material for which he signed a receipt:

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A complete set & clothes consisting of two

new suits, shirts, underwear, socks, shoes, hat,

ties.

All of these clothes were American

made.

Luggage - two bags

35 millimeter Kodak Retina 111 s,

serial number

57230, equipped with a retina-xenar lens f2.8/50, serial

number 5790841, with the words Schneider - Kreuznach imprinted

on the lens casing and a brown leather camera case stamped

"Made in Germany"

Certificate of birth registration number 582-114782

in the name of HELMUTH FELIX KLAWUHIN.

Iwo selective service cards • Registration certificate

in the name of HELMUTH FELIX KLAWUHN, 211 Clinton Street,

Brooklyn, New York, reflecting registration at Local Board

nate a to boat oato

161, Brooklyn, New York, on March 19, 1947, and a Notice

of Classification from Board number 161, postmarked Brooklyn

5, April 26th 1951 addressed to HELMUIH KLAWUHN, 211

clinton Street, Brooklyn, classifying him V-A on

April 25, 1951, with Selective Service Number 50-161-25-274.

School certificate from the University of London

at the kingsley School for HEIMUIH FELIX KLAWUhn.

This

certificate indicated he passed the general school

examination at mid-summer in 1942.

$4,500 in American money.

The entire sum was

composed of bills of $20 denominations, with the exception

of a couple of hundred dollars which were in $10

denominations.

A pass to the Eastern sector of Berlin.

A French and American passport.

+-...

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- Ianee

pads containing transter paper for secret

and the

third pad was approximately. 8"

All of the paper

in these pads were transfer paper and the smaller pad

was to be used when he had only. a short letter to send.

the larger pads was not to be used until subject

received instinctions to begin using that paper.

Three bottles of pill's which contained concealed

chemicals to be used in developing secret writing.

A combination cipher pad and code book.

A monsy container which consisted of a white

cloth bag about just large enough to contain paper money.

This was of very fine cloth, white in color, and was to

be carried against the body

• under the arm.

It was held

by means of a combination string and rubber band which went

around the neck.

This held the container tightly against

the body and because of the light color would not be

easily observed.

i :.

subjeet was told that he would receive $200

a month compensation for his work: In addition, his mother

would receive 350 East. German marks a month, which was

moe er aro was at peretved at the mod sapartment snieh

was being afforded to her because of her son's cooperation.

Subject stated that in initial discussions it was

indicated that he would be expected to stay in the United

States about two years, but that this was then raised to

• three years and subsequently to fous or five years:

The final understanding was that he would be in the

Unibed States approximately four to five years:

not know how he would receive additional money in the

United States:

approximately two years salary.

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Travel to the United States

..,

Subject advised that SCHILLER and the unknown

Russian drove to the Fastern section of Berlin.

The Russian

and SCHEILLER both desired that the subject travel from East

Berlin by railroad to West Berlin from the Lichtenstein

Station to the Bahnhof An Zo0 in West Berlin.

advised that on his previous trial runs, he had decided

against travelling in this method inasmuch as the East

German police checked very carefully on this route.

Subject

therefore decided that he would travel from East Berlin to

West Berlin on the elevator.

Reluctantly, SCHILLER. and

the Russian agreed to allow

the subject to travel by elevator

and, accordingly, left him at an elevated station, the exact

location of which subject does

not recall.

Subject advised that on boarding the elevator train

he placed his luggage on a seat on one side of the car and he

himself sat on the opposite side. When the inspector passed

through the car, he glanced at the luggage, but since no one

did nothing about it.

He also looked at

Subject advised that

this casual inspection was the regular routine and it was

for this reason that he decided to travel by elevator from

East Berlin to West Berlin.

Upon arrival in west Berlin, subject proceeded

immealately to the airline ticket office. He had been afforded

a schedule of flights by his instructors

and also in his previous

trip to West Berlin, had checked the flight times himself.

order to procure his ticket for transportation to Paris, he

displayed his French passport.

On arriving in Paris, subject destroyed his French

passport as he had been instructed to do by ScHLuER ..

He

destroyed it by tearing it up into small pieces and flushing

It down a

toilet.

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Subject said he stayed In Paris for almost a

month and then flew to the United States arriving in the

United States the last of March or the first of April, 1959.

He came to the United States on an American passport and on

arrival here destroyed this passport as instructed the same

way he had destroyed his French passport.

Activities in the United States

The subject stated that upon arrival in the United

states, he made a trip around the country which trip contained

stops in the following cities in the following order:

New York City

Philadelphia

Baltimore

New Orleans

Houston

Fort Worth

Denver

san trancisco

Yellowstone National Park

Kansas City, Kansas

Chicago

Detroit

New York City

He stated that upon arrival in New York City,

at this point he proceeded to a city in Connecticut where

ne remained only one day, did not stay overnignt, and ther

proceeded to Boston. From Boston, he returned to New York

city, and at this time stayed for

a few months in New York

City.

He then took a short trip of about two weeks duration

going to Baltimore. He resided in Baltimore in a hotel and

visited Washington, D. C.,

from Baltimore.

From Baltimore

he returned to New

York City where he remained until the

time of interview.

In connection with the various cities in which the

subject stayed in the United states, ne advised that he nac

been in Chicago twice.

He also advised that after travelling

to San Francisco, he bought a package tour on a bus which

Included a tour of Yellowstone National Park and other points.

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At Yellowstone National Park, the tour slept in a mote.

and the meals were included in the tour. At Yellowstone

National Park, he departed from the tour and travelled on

his own by bus to kansas city, kansas.

resided in a hotel which was

directly

In Kansas City, he

across the square from

the main entrance to the railroad station.

He then proceeded

from Kansas City to Chicago by train. He

stayed a total of

one month in Chicago on both occasions, and while travelling,

he used the last name of KELLY on several occasions while

registering at various hotels..

While in Detroit, he stayed at the Hotel Metropole

under the name of for cokb from chicago, illinois. he statec

that he believes the time of his stay at the hotel was just

prior to the time that the British Royalty visited this area,

• and he believed he was in Detroit In May or June, 1959.

The

subject also advised that he first used the HELMUTH FELIX KLAWUHN

identity when he arrived in New York from Boston.

With regard to the various hotels stayed in by

subject, he stated that he used a total of four or five

names.

He said that frequently when registering at a hotel

he would note the name of the guest who had registered before

him and on occasions would use this guest's name when he himself

registered at a subsequent hotel.

He said that he was certain

that he stayed at the Metropole Hotel In Detroit but was not

certain as to the name he used there although he believed

Subject stated that he believed that he

could, by reviewing maps of the city, locate the hotels where

he had stayed.

Subject said that he had been instructed to send

a postcard on his arrival in the United States to let his

superiors know of his safe arrival.

He said he had also been

told that he should observe the formalities (by this subject

indicated he meant observe the procedures in going through

customs and so forth). Subject did not send his postcard

arts toast en

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but waited until he was

Immediately on arrival, advent the postcard from there.

in Kansas City, Kansas,

With regard to this postcard, the subject advised that it

was to be a picture type postcard and there was nothing of

significance concerning this postcard or any key to be

contained therein to denote his arrival. He stated that

no particular scene was noted on the postcard and no particular

type of words or message had to be included in the text of

the postcard. The choice of both the postcard and the body

of the message.

were up to him.

Subject advised that his original Instructions

were to reside in one of five cities in the United States.

He recalled that they included New York, Baltimore and

Detroit. He could not recall what the other two cities

were.

In addition

to the postcard, he sent a total of three

letters to his mall drop advising of his travels, addresses

and so forth.

He said he sent no information other than

concerning his experiences in his travels. In each of

his letters, he included a secret writing message as he

sent long letters to his mother:

He said that actually

what he would

do in determining how long his open text

letter was to be, was to first prepare a letter to his

mother and then prepare

the open text letter which would

give him enough room to include that message to his mother

and a short message to his superiors. The three letters

subject sent were from New York City.

Subject received from his superiors four or five

letters and he stated these letters were alr mail letters

and he believed they came from France.

He said he does not

recall looking at them specifically, but believed it was a

foreign cancellation mark.

He said

that one of the letters

from his superiors told him to go to a city in Connecticut.

and establish himself there. It was following this letter

that he made a short trip to the city in Connecticut and

thereafter to Boston before he returned to New York.

Subject

did not indicate which of the letters from his superiors

contained this instruction about going to Connecticut.

43

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i..

NY 65-18217

According to subject, all of the letters from

his superiors contained general instructions about being

careful, not overlooking

• the importance of his task and

to proceed cautiously in his activities.

He said that he

had expected to receive letters from his mother but actually

the only thing he received was a brief statement in two of

the letters that his mother was writing.

letters received from his superiors the subject stated that

either the first letter or the first two letters were hand

written and the remaining letters were type written. Subject

advised that he, was not told what superior would be handling

the correspondence with him, however, from the contents of the

letters which he received, he concluded that it was SCHILLER .

Inasmuch as reference was made to certain things that he and

SCHILLER had done together.

Subject said that he last wrote his superiors in

approximately September, 1959.

He said that he last heard

from them in approximately October, 1959, and that definitely

It was before Christmas.

He said the last letter was from

them and he broke off his activities by not writing them

any more. He said that they do not have his current address.

With regard to breaking off his activities, subject

said that he is not cut out for this type of work and was

sorry that he ever got involved.

He said he got involved

as a result of promises made to him, and as a result of a

desire to help his mother, and also a personal desire to

come to the United States.

He said that after his arrival in this country, he

continually worried and wanted to get out of the business:

He said that on his own he décided he was not cut out for

this type of work and, therefore, decided to discontinue

nis activities in such a manner that they would not know

what had happened to him and, therefore, would perhaps not

take any action against his mother and not cut out the money

im.

....

':::

:.:

----

44

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WW 55080 DocId: 32989537

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SECRET

NY 65-18217

they were furnishing her. He said that following his

decision to break away, he had disposed of his code

book by throwing it in an open sewer in the city of

Connecticut. "He sald that he had rationalized with

himself that he actually had not thrown it away but had

merely dropped it.

He said that subsequently he had

destroyed two pads of the transfer paper and thought

he had destroyed all of the pills which contained the

chemicals for secret writing.

He said that he destroyed

these by throwing them

In the Hudson River after unscrewing

He also advised that he had

as he found it inconvenient to use.

At the time of the interview, subject had $200.00

concealed in the lining of his toilet kit.

This $200.00

consisted of ten twenty dollar bills and they were in

an

envelope.

Subject said that he had placed this money in

the tollet kit himself and wanted it for emergency purposes.

He said that he had not been told by his superiors where to

keep the money and had not been told by his superiors to

conceal any money in the toilet kit or similar articles.

In the toilet

He said the only, instruction he had about concealing something

of this nature was that he was told he could carry his cipher

pad

In his shoe and he said this was a stupid instruction

because it wore blisters on his feet. He said, therefore,

he actually carried his cipher pad in his wallet.

With regard to the emergency drop in Van Cortlandt

Park, subject stated that he had never visited this drop

but was familiar with the location of Van Cortlandt Park.

He said that he actually went to 259th Street and Broadway

and located the furniture store but had never entered the

park itself to locate the actual drop.

On October 31, 1960, the subject accompanied by

SAS JAMES

E. FRIANEY, LAWRENCE ME WILLIAMS aND JAMES P. KEHOE

proceeded to Van Cortlandt Park. Upon arrival at 259th Street

:..

NW 55080 DooId: 32989537

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45

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Histian,

SECRET

NY 65-18217

the subject observed that where the furniture store had

previously been located, there were no buildings standing

a construction company had excavated the site.

subject then proceeded into Van Cortlandt Park utilizing

the excavation site as a general guide. After proceeding

half a mile into Van Cortlandt Park, no rock formation was

located which approximated the subject's previous description.

While searching for a rock formation of this type, the subject

stated, "Over there by that clump of trees". He explained

that seeing a particular clump of trees reminded him that he

observed a similar tree formation in the photographs which

had previously been shown to him by his superiors.

Upon

arriving at the site of this clump of trees, various rocks

were located, none of which actually fitted

the peculiar

formation described by the subject.

Several attempts. were

made to move some of these rocks and one rock approximately

one foot high, one foot wide and two feet long when raised up

revealed a container imbedded in the dirt beneath it.

This container Is described as follows:

It is a metal container painted rust colored on

the outside and black on the inside.

One side of this container

has a sliding metal door with two magnets on each side of the

The outside dimentions

of the container are 62"

contalner surrounding the lots " 3/ in wath, 3/4" In height.

The sliding metal door is 4"

in width and 6z" In length.

Inside portion of the container is 6 3/8" long, 3/15 to 3/16"

in width and 5/8" deep.

Each of the four magnets have rounded

corners and 2 7/8" long and ½" wide.

The container itself was actually left face down,

that is, with the door and magnet side in the dirt and the

door partially slit out about 3/4"

and each corner of which

has been sprung from the track upon which the door Itself

slides.

The reverse side of the container, namely, the portion

In physical contact with the rock itself had several scratches

46

SECRET

55080 DocId: 32989537

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52

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SECRET

NY 65-18217

in the rust colored päint revealing the bare metal underneath.

These scratches had rusted in varying degrees possibly signi-

fying. that the rock itself had been moved and placed back on

The container contained

Additional Information Expected from Subject

Subject has indicated that he has considerable

additional information which he feels will be of interest

and has agreed to within the next two months carefully

review all of his activities and furnish

detailed infor-

mation which will include additional details concerning

observations made in East Germany with regard to recruitment

and training of intelligence agents.

A description of the

individual observed by subject who he believes was receiving

intelligence training and to be assigned to the United States,

information concerning

the French and United States passports

utilized by the subject, the name and

address of his French

mail drop, the code number assigned him for

his intelligence

work, information concerning himself, his name, his

place and

date of birth, and concerning his arrival in the United States.

It Is also indicated that he will try and remember more detailed

Information as to his travels in the United States, the names

of the hotels he stayed in, the names he used, and

he will

definitely furnish us the name of the city in Connecticut

where he was instructed to settle.

He will also attempt to

recall definitely where he disposed of the various items

forth.

He will also advise in more details as to his radio

training and will furnish all information with regard to the

schedule of broadcasts he was to listen to and the frequency

on which these broadcasts were to be received.

In this

connection, subject denied ever having been able to receive

a radio message during the time he was in the United States

although he tried on numerous occasions using different

radios.

Photographs and a complete description of sujeut

are being submitted separately

•* 1

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62-116395

!

a. IS

1 - Mr.

(1 - Mr

J. B'l Hotis)

Mr. W. RJiW innall

Mr. W. OdIC.

jegar

July

1975

U.S. SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE TO

STUDY GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS WITH

RESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (SSC)

RE: INCOMMUNICADO INTERROGATION

•su 89

Reference is made to your request to the Attorney

General by letter dated May 14, 1975, with specific

reference. to Appendix A, Request Number S, 8o, as vell as

Appendix B, Request Number 4, a and b. In general, these

two requests refer to information concerning the use of

certain techniques by the FBI in performance of its investi

gative responsibilities. The purpose of this memorandum 1s

to respond to Information requested concerning the technique

referred to as "Incommunicado Interrogation."

For your information, this technique has been used

technique was used, the subjects were known, prior to

Interviews, to be Illegally in the United States and to have

been associated with the Soviet Intelligence Services as

Illegal officers/agents.

In vlew of the extremely sensitive nature, it is

requested that any further details concerning the limited

use of this technique be given in an oral briefing before

properly cleared members of the Committee's Staff who are

assigned to this matter. At that time, they will be given

access to nacessary documentation.

• 1 - The Attorney General

•EWL: 1hb

NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION

Unauthorized Disclosure

Subject to Criminal Sanctions

(8)

MW 55080 DooId: 32989537

SECRET

Classified by 6283

• Exempt from GDS, Categories 2 and 3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

002-11

1071

Fage

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## Page 55

62-116395

UNITED STATES VEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

EDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATTON

WASHINGTON, D.G. 20535

Flitt

MI-A (FBI) - C1 July 21, 1975

R.650

U. S. SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE TO

STUDY GOVERNMENIAL OPERATIONS WITH

RESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (SSC)

RE: INCOMMUNICADO INTERROGATION

Reference is made to your request to the Attorney

General by letter dated May 14, 1975, with specific

reference to Appendix A, Request Number 5, g., as well

.as

Appendix B, Request Number 4, a and b. In general, these

two requests refer to inicration concerning the use of

certain techniques by the FBI in performance of its investi-

gative responsibilities. The purpose of this memorandum is

to respond to information requested concerning the technique

referred to as "Incommunicado Interrogation."

For your information, this technique has been used

by the FBI on extremely rare occasions during the period of

approximately 1959 to 1963. In each instance when this

technique was used, the subjects were known, prior to

interviews, to be illegally in the United States and to have

been associated with the Soviet Intelligence Services as

illegal officers/agents.

In view of the extremely sensitive nature, it is

requested that any further details concerning the limited

use of this technique be given in an oral briefing before

properly cleared members of the Committee's Staff who are

assigned to this matter.

it that time, they will be given

access to necessary documentation. •

HE NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION

Unauthorized Disclosure

SECRET. Subject to Criminal Sanetions

Classified by 6283

Exempt from GUS, Categories 2 and 3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

02-116375-

0 1

NW

550

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SECRET

KAROT

ESP - R

Karot is code name of Kaarlo Rudolph Tuomi a

Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU) illegal who cooperated

as a double agent with the FBI from March, 1959, until 1964.

In early 1959 when Tuomi appeared at a small town

returned to Finland in the early 1930's. Tuomi panicked and

left the hotel where

he was staying and an examination of

possessions left behind disclosed

paraphernalia that could

be used in espionage activities.

Investigation disclosed a Kaarlo Rudolph Tuomi

was born 11/30/16, at Ishepeming, Michigan, both parents

born in Finland.

State Department records disclosed Tuomi

at age 16 departed the United States in 1932 with his parents

to return to Finland and there was no record of him having

reentered the United States or having applied for a U.S.

passport.

In view of the results of the investigation and our

past knowledge that Soviet illegals had assumed the identity

of someone who had left the United States it appeared certain

we had an espionage subject and whether this individual was

the real Tuomi or not he apparently entered the United States

in a fraudulent manner.

His activities gave the appearance

of an illegal in the initial phase of familiarizing himself

with his cover identity.

The decision was made to interview subject in hopes

of developing him as a double agent, realizing the subject

would flee if he detected our coverage.

Subject was interviewed

from 3/9/59 to 3/18/59 at a summer house in Hartland, Wisconsin,

and agreed to cooperate.

Subject advised he was recruited

into the GRU and in May, 1957, commenced illegal training in

Moscow.

Subject furnished invaluable information regarding

the communications systems involving the illegal networks

and furnished information which assisted in the identification

of other GRU illegals. During the period subject operated

Classified by 36T6e

Exempt from GDS, Category 2t3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

55080 Docid: 32989537

02-116-3/5-471 SECRET

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## Page 57

SECRET

as a double agent almost one hundred messages were exchanged

with the Soviets.

He received $25,000 in payment from them

and furnished invaluable insight into Soviet illegal operations

in the United States.

Facts concerning this case have received consider-

able publicity as.a result of an article published in the

April,,1970 issue of "Readers Digest" and John Barrons book

"KGB - The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents."

Tuomi has traveled throughout the United States speaking

before various groups as to his experiences.

NW 55080 DocId: 32989537

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то 291 074 ко. 69

SECRET

Ojfice Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

TO : :A. I. Belmont

DATE: March 3, 1959

FROM : l. A. Branigan

SUBJECT: KAARLO RUDOLPH TUOMI, AlSO ENOWN OS

ESPIONAGO - R

Attached is memo analyzing this case for purpose of

determining our future course

of action

in it.

Briefly, on individual claining to be Kaurio Rudolph Tuomi

appeared at a lutheran Church in Negaunee, Michigan, 2-15-59 and requested

copy of baptismal certificate from pastor.

He claimed to have been born

in ared.

He was to pick up the certificate the following morning but did

not do so.

Passport records disclose that charles Rudolph Tuomi, born

11-30-16 Ishpeming (near Negaunee), Michigan, departed the U.S. for Russia

"ate has mother and stepfather, Robert saastamoinen, in 1932.

There is no

recora of ruomi's return to the l.s.

subject has been under surveillance

since 2-17-59 and in addition to lichigan has visited parts of Minnesota

ano misconsino

The earliest date we have been able to place him in the U.s. is 1-5-59=

We located a registration for this individual on that date aù the

George Washington Hotel in New York City. He was at this hotel until

1-26-59 when he went to the lidlest Investigation has located 2 small

savings accounts for subject in the New York ared.

He also had a small

account in lilwaukee bank which he recently closed. Most significant

levelopment to date occurred on 2-18-59 when he was obserued merling a

letter in Milwaukee.

Through an anonymous source it was determined that

¡the letter was addressed to un address in helsink, linland.

The returi

address on the envelope was "c. Collins, Milwaukee, Wisc."

The contents of

the letter, while innocuous, appear suspicious and could have double meaning

since he discusses health matters and then goes into long dissertation on

American automobiles and winds up his letter with reference to the wedding

of a cousin in sune..

employment with a place of business in disconsin which went out ofbusiresa

? years previously and used a lew fork address of an apartment building

which was torn down in 1958.

There is indication he could be the real

TUOME.

An uncle of luomi furnished us copies of correspondence sent by

from Russia in 1951, 1952 and 1953.

Comparison of the handwriting

in these letters with known handwriting of subject appearing on hotel

registration cards revealed they are identical. Mis uncle also furnished

o 1952 photograph purportedly of luomi sent from Russia.

some surveilling

Agents who have observed subject believe he is identical with the 1952.

photograph while other surveilling Agents do not believe sa.

Enclosure

105~76241

SECRET

APLEjaL

(6)

Classified by 3116

Exempt from GDS, Category 2&3

Date of Declassification indefinite

NH 55080 DocId: 32989537 Page 28..

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SECRET

Mr. Branigan to lT. Bélmont

Kaarlo Rudolph Tuomi

105-76241

Whether subject is real luomi or not, there is every indi

cotron he has entered the U.so in a clandestine manner to act as an

"illegal" agent. He appears to be in the initial phase of his

operation, toe.g

building up his background and familiarizing hi

self with

the country. It will probably be several months before ne

engages in any significant activities.

A carejul analysis as to action we should take indicates two

alternatives, namely:

(1) Continue to attempt coverage of subject by surveillance,

roping he will reveal contacts and possible associates in espionage

activity. This we feel unwise as it is a highly defensive position

with the

probability of success not balanced in our favor.

If Sub-

jedi recenily arrived in Dodo las it appearo, it may be months bo-

fore he makes any espionage contacts and any surueillance over this

extended period of time may well be detected and subject might dis

appear with little of value gained by us. By letting subject carry

on we would be letting him pick his own course of action and we

would be constantly on the defensive trying to guess his moves and

(2) Intensively interview subject before he gets his cover

in this country all set and while he is still away from New fork

(probably his base of operations) We have developed considerable

information which subject will have to refute and the unexpected in

terview, plus our knowledge, may put him on the defensive and give

us a psychological edge.

Our prime target inmillegal case is to

penetrate the network and develop a double agent.

This case gives

lus an opportunity and the value to the U.so, is suacessful, would be

tremendous.

Recognizing that if unsuccessful the intensive inter

view probably required. will rule out subsequent prosecution or pub-

licity, we can still neutralize subject. In the remote event the

subject should be legitimate, this could be quickly determined early

in the intervieu and there would be no problem.

We feel the in

tensive interuiew, over an extended period of time if necessary, is

the proper course of action.

RECOMUENDATION :

That we lay plans to interview subject in the immediate

lester, inter ve rea

sub jest's whereabouts and movements best fit

into our plan.

NW 55080 DocId:32989537 Page 59

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STANDARD TERRI NO, C1,

SEGRET

Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOT BANMENT

TO

SA. Ho Belmont'

DATE:

Mari 3,

1959

FROM :. A. Branigon.

SUBJECT: KAARLO RUDOLPH TUOLI, alSO Known as

ESPIONAGE - P

The purpose of this memorandum is to consider steps to

taken in this case by the Bureau at this time.

Origin of Case

On 2-15-59 an individual claiming to be Kaario Rudolph luomi

appeared at a Lutheran Church in Negaunee,

Michigan,

and requested a

baptismal certificate from the pastor stating he would pick it up at

I0 a.m. the next day.

He indicated he was born and raised in Negaunee

and later moved with

his parents to Minnesota. He further indicated he

was working in Milwaukee.

He was staying at the Bertung Hotel in

Negaunee and suddenly left town on 2-16-59 without receiving the

certificate after receiving a telephone call from a Mrs. John rakoski

of Negaunee who inquired if he were the Rudolph Iuomi who had been in

Pussia, which he denied.

Prior to departing, he indicated to the pastor

of the church he had business in Escanaba, Michigan, and he stated he

would returi for the certificate during the summer.

Baptismal records

of the church reflected a Kaarlo Rudolph Tuomi Listed therein.

Interview of lirs. Koski disclosed she had cousin with some

name

as subject born

in Negaunee area 12 years ago. His father died

4 months later and mother married Robert saostamoinen, Several years

later the entire saastamoinen family including subject went to Russia.

Upon hearing an individual bearing her cousin's name was in town she

decided to contact him at the hotel.

Mrs. Koski aduised that another

cousin, Andy Marlowe of Lake Worth,

Florida, had corresponded regularly

with luomi in Russia.

At the Bertung Hotel subject had given his residence as 626

North Third Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and occupation as the lumber

business.

A source had previously observed in subject's

room at the

hotel Joreign-made camera and a letter addressed to subject at the

George Washington Hotel, New York City, dated 1-18-597-

(6)

105-76241

Classified by 3636FL

Exempt from CDS, Gategory J+3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

SECRET

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memoranoum to Mr. Belmont

Re: Kaarlo Rudolph luomi, also known as

105-76241

Investigation To Date

Detroit Office determined subject left Escanaba'

Dy bils

2-16-59 and purchased a round-trip ticket to Duluth, Minnesoto.

Minneapolis Office located subject in Duluth on the evening of 2-17-59

and he was placed under discreet physical surveillance.

On 2-18-59

he departed Duluth by bus and left the bus at Grand Rapids, Minnesoto.

He stayed ai the Riverside Hotel overnight.

On 2-19-59 he lejt

Grand Rapids by bus and god off at Deer River, Minnesota, and stayed

at the Miller Hotel overnight.

On 2020-59 he left Deer River and

returned to Duluth, Minnesota, and stayed at the Lennox Hotel overnight

During his stay in Minnesota he did not appear to be surveillance

conscious. He visited several stores and went to a movie. While in

Deer River, however, he made inquiry concerning the sweum and Juntunen

families in Deer River but did not contact them. (Note: Sweum family,

long-time residents of Deer River, come from Norway.

Husband and wije

are both deceased and children no longer reside in this area. Ine

Juntuner fomily siill reside in the area and are wellinown in the

vommunity. Inquiry disclosed that the Juntunen family knew tuomi's

mothere No derogatory information is anailable on either the Sucun

or Juntunen family)e

On 2-21-59 he left duluth by bus and went to superiors

Wisconsin, and stayed at the superior Hotel until 2-23-59.

Thile in

superior no unusual activity was noted. On 2-23-59 he left superior

by bus and went back to Milwaukee. since 221-59 he has been in

Milwaukee except for a one-day trip to Chicago on 2-26-59 to visit

the Marshall Field Department store.

He was registered at the Antlers

Hotel in Milwaukee from 2-24-59 to 2-27-59. He is now staying at a

rooming house located at 1202 North Broadway in Milwaukee.

He has

aduised the landlady he expects to be in the rooming house for 2 weeks

and he paid one week's rent in advance.

Anonymous sources developed in this case disclose that

subject has quantities of both grain gna wood alcohol and various

types of pills.

The FBI Laboratory/examining this material to determine

significance of same, if any, in connection with espionage.

During the morning of 2-28-59 while subject was under

surveillance he was observed mailing a letter in the downtown Milwaukee

An anonymous source subsequently aduised that the letter wos

Helsinki, Finland."

addressed to "llera dias lostinen, ole Aruo Joh Altiola, callina

Vironkatu 6,

The envelope bore the return address

-2 -

SECRET

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SECRET

Memorandum to Mr. Belmone

Re:

Kaarlo Rudolph Tuont, also Known as

105-76241

"CARLO"

Milwaukee, iisc." It was typewritten in English and signe? lraarto."

Bufiles are negative on this name and address. In the leier the

writer talks about health. He then goes into a lorg dissertation

on American automobiles.

He ends his letter by mentioning that his

cousin, sylula, is to be married in sure.

The contents appear

suspicious.

It is known that in other espionage cases the discussion

of health has had a double neaning to indicate that everything was

"ith respect to the

that he should be contaoted in tune? his letter it could indicate

The cryptographic section of

the IBI Laboratory is analyzing this letter to determine if it has

any espionage significance.

Andy Harlowe, Lake Worth,

Florida,

was interurewed 2-19-59

and advised that Rudolph Tuomi is his sister's son, therefore his

nephew, who left the United states for Russia around 1931 with his

mother and stepfather.

He aduised that Rudolph's mother and stepfather

are now deceased.

He corresponded with his nephew over the years,

receiving his last letter in 1956. He stated his nephew married a

Pussian girl and has 2 children and suated he was employed in Russia

as on English teucher. He furnished i pivivyique sent io him by Iuoni

in 1952 which purports to be luomi and

4 letters purportedly written

by his nephew in 1951, 1952 and 1953.

The IBI Laboratory has advised

us that the handwriting in these letters is identical with the hand

writing of subject appearing on various registration cards of hotels

at which subject has stayed.

surveilling Agents who have observed

subject disagreed as to whether subject appears identical with the 1952

photograph furnished by Marlowe.

Milwaukee agents believe that he may

be identical while linneapolis agents do not believe so.

The carliest date we have been able to determine that subject

been in this country is 1-5-59.

New York located a registration of

subject at the George lashington Hotel on that date. According to the

hotel records, subject stayed at the George Washington Hotel until 1-26-59

He indicated

that he would return to the hotel around 3-15-59 and

requested that a room be reserved for him. He gave his residence to

the hotel as 3665 last Mallory avenue, Milwaukee, disconsin, and his

employment as the B & G Toodworking Company, Milwaukee.

Investi

gation discloses that 626 North Thira Street, Milwaukee (address given

by subject to Bertung Hotel) is the fülbourn

Hotel in lilwaukee, and

3665 East Mallory Avenue (address giver by subject to the George

Washington Hotel in New York) is the address of the B & G Woodworking

company in cudahy, Wisconsin. It went out of business in 1957. Tuomi

- 3 .

SECRET

NW 55080 DocId: 32989537 Page 62

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SECRET

Memorandum to Ir. Belmont

Re :

Kaarlo Rudolph luomi, also known as

105-76241

is.not known to former owners of this company. Kilbourn Hotel records

disclose that subject was registered at this hotel from 1-28-59 to

2-11-59.

He gave as his address 255 Haven Avenue, New York City.

Investigation disclosed that this address was of an apartment building

that was vacated and turned over for demolition in October, 1958s

to build an approach to the George Hashington Bridge.

Attempts are

being made to determine if subject ever resided at this address at

any time.

It is noted that when subject was asked by the landlady

of the rooming house he is presently staying in in Milwaukee to

furnish his former residence he gave 255 Haven Avenue, New Iork,

but explained that this residence had been torn down.

A savings account in subject's name was located in the

Bowery savings Bank, New York City; reflected an initial deposit of

g400 0n 1-9-59.

An additional deposit of $190 was made 1-15-59 and

o withdrawal of $200 was made I-22-59 leaving a present balance of

$390. Another account in subject's nome was located at the Union

square Savings Bank, New Tork City. Initial deposit of $400 was made

I-13-59 and a withdrawal of $200 was made 1-26-59 leaving a present

balance of $200. Investigation also disclosed that subject had opened

a savings account at the first Milwaukee savings and Loan Association

1-30-59 with $400. On 2-9-59 he withdrew $200 and on 2-24-59 he closed

out the account by withdrawing the remaining 1200.

state Department passport records disclose no record of

a passport application either past or present in the subject's known

They do reflect a passport application executed

7-23-32 by ruomi's stepfather, Robert saastamoinen, indicating he

intended to depart from New York in September, 1932 to visit I'inland

and sweden.

. Passport included Tuomi born 11-30-16 Ishpeming (near

Negaunee Michigan. The file further reflects that the American Embassy

in Moscow adui sed

the state Department that Robert Saastamoinen had

obtained souiet citizenship on 7-5-34.

A certificate of expatriation

dated 1-22-38 was prepared by the American Embassy in Moscow on

saastanoinen. It was stated that since the stepson (Fuomi) was over

Is years of age at the time of his acquisition of soviet citizenship

through naturalization of his stepfather and since no information was

available that he gave his consent to soviet naturalization, a

certificate of expatriation would not be prepared on the stepson until

after he reached his majority. No other information appears in state

Department files on luomi.

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METROYONOUM TO NT. BELMONE

Re :

Kaarlo Rudolph luont, also known as

105-76241

To date we have been unable to determine the do, e

and

mode of entry of subject into the United states. We are still

continuing our efforts to resolve this.

Courses L Action th

that lay be Taken

From the foregoing there appear to be

overwhelming

indications that subject, whether or not he is the real ruomi,

has recently re-entered the United states in a clandestine manner.

His activities to date appear to be that of an "illegal" agent in

the initial phase of his operation, loe.s building up his background

as an American by fomiliarizing himself with that part of the

United states Tuomi originally come from so that he will be above

suspicion in playing the part. The next phase will probably be for

him to establish for himself a residence and business cover.

Assuming that subject is an "illegal" who has recently

arrived it will probably be several months before subject engages

in any activities such as making contacts. (Note: In ine abel case,

Reino Hayhanen's initial contact was made about y months after he

entered the United States).

According to Agents having subject under surveillance he

does not appear to be surveillance conscious.

This could be explained

by the fact that he has not considered it necessary to check for

surveillances since he is not ready to make any contacts of significance.

Thes first question that arises is wnether we should continue our

efforts to cover subject with the hope of making his contacts and

uncovering an espionage network. Of course, it must be realized that

as time goes on we run the risk of subject detecting such coverage

a disa mite sent est he teren state to ataempoint

cover his activities and identify his contacts with the end in mind

of developing an espionage prosecution.

However, inasmuch as such

coverage would have to be maintained for several months the risk of

losing him increases. I he does disappear, our opportunity of

uncovering his operations

would be lost forever.

An alternative course of action would be to take our

chances of approaching him at this time with the hope of breaking

him and possibly operating him as a double agent. If he refuses to

cooperate we will have at least neutralized him.

In considering our

chances of developing him, it is felt we might have a psychological

advantage particularly if we are right in believing that he is a new

arrival in this country.

In attempting to establish himself he

undoubtedly is under some tension and uncertain of himself.

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Memo

Branigan to Belmont (API) 3-3-59

AARLO RUDOLPH TUOMI

ESPIONAGE • R

The two alternatives boil down to this:

(1) Continue to attempt coverage of subject by surveillance,

hoping he will reveal contacts and possible associates in espionage

activity. This we feel unwise as it is a highly defensive position

with the probability of success not balanced in our favor.

ject recently arrived in U.S. (as it appears) it may be months be-

sore he makes any espionage contacts and any surueillance over this

extended period of time may well be detected and subject might dis

appear with little of value gained by us. By letting subject carry

on we would be letting him pick his own course of action and we

would be constantly on the defensive trying to guess his moves and

defend against them.

(2) Intensively interview subject before he gets his cover

in this country all set and while he is still away from New lori

(probably his base of operations). He have developed considerable

information unich subject will have to refute and the unexpected in

terview, plus our knowledge, my put him on the defensive and give

us a psychological edge. Our prime target inculegal case is to

penetrate the network and develop a double agent. This case gives

us an opportunity and the value to the U.s.,

tremendous.

if successful, would be

Recognizing that if unsuccessful the intensive inter

view probably required will rule out subseguent prosecution or pubo

Licitys we can still neutraltze subjecto un the remote event the

subject should be legitimate, this could be quickly determined

in the interuiew and there would be no problem.

We feel the in

tensive interurew, over an

extended period of time if necessary, is

the proper course of action.

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OIFICE MEMORANDUM

•UNTIEL STATES GOVERNMEN.

TO

SAC (:00-13337)

Date: 3/14:3/19,59

FROM,

SUBJECT

SA ROBERT E. SCHOENECKER Dictated: 3/13;3/17/59

KAARLO RUDOLPH TUOMI aka.

ESPIONAGE -K

From Margh & through March 16, 1959, KAARLO RUDOLPH TUOMI

furniohed the fo lowing intormation

to Inapector DONALD E.

MODIES DAS JANE: PO KELDE, JOHN J. O'TOOLE, EUGENE G. BABLER

and

ROBERT E. SCHOENECKER.

FIRST LEGEND

Subject stated that he was born November 30, 1916 at Ishpeming,

Michigan: that his father was KALLE TOMI and his mother was

KAROLIINA JUOMI REE MAARALA.

Both of his parents were born

in Finlard

his mother came to the United states when she

was apprommately four years old,

He stated that his father

in 1917

as which time Subject woe caly four months or

he said

his father died during the Spanion flu epidemic

of thay pariod.

TUOMI

advised that he attended the Central Grade School In

Negaunee, Michigen during the lower grades and the Hock High

School at Rock, Michigan fron the sixth grade to the tenth

grade.

subject statod that while he was still a very small boy, his

mother romarried MATTI HEIKKILA and that he had no sisters

or brothors.

Sometime during 1931 or 1932, his step-father,

MATT MeLTICA, left his mother and disappeared some place

the Faciric Coast.

After the tenth grude, Subject

stated that he moved to suoni,

Minrocota where he and his mother lived with his grandmocher,

MARIA KAARALA

where they overated

farm. Subject believed

that ho movod to Suond sometime during the ycar 1933.

subject

stated that his grenufather had died before subicot was born,

and that hie mothor died 1n 1952 at Suomi, Minnesota and

Is buried there.

From 1933 to 1939, Subject rested at Suomi, Minnesota and in

1939, he moved

Now York City where he lived some place in

the Upper Bronx near Woodlawn Cometery, but he could not/

Rea: 13 jomi

SECRET

Classified by 36,76

Exempt from GDS, Category 2$3z

Date ok Declassification Indefinite

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ME 100-13337

recall the name of the street.

He stated that he 11 'ed in a

amall apartment somewhere lin

this area until 1941!

15 mother

continued to reside with his grandmother in suomi, Minnesota

during this period.

Subject recalled that during the period

of time that he resided on his grandmother's farm in suons,

Minnesota, he helped support the family by lumbering pulpwood

which was

located on his grandmother's farm which was sold to

a paper mill in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.

While in New York

Olty, subject staked he worited for a lumber store in downtown

New York which he believed was located on East 11th Street

near Avenue A.

In 1941, Subject stated that he went to Vancouver, British

Columbla where he worked for Canadian Forest Products Itd.

as a scaler.

He held this position untll 1946. Subject

not recast his residence in Vancouver, British

Columbia.

He stated that he registered under the Selective Service and

Iraining Act In New York City and was deferred because he

was supporting his grandmother and mochar.

Sometime during the summer of 1938, Subjock stated he married

HELEN MATTILA at Rocks Michigan.

He stated

that although he

Iived with HELEN MANTILA on his grandmother's farm in Suomi,

Minnesota, she did not go to New York with him but stayed

'In 1946, he returned to suomi, Minnesota Crom Vancouver, British

Columbia and stayed on the farm of his granömother with

his

However, after a few weeks he and his wifo separated

she returned to her home in northern Michigan which

the

Subject stated was some place between Rock and Escanaba,

Michigan.

He stated that his wife's father was GEORCE

MATTILA and her mother was ALMA MATTILA.

He described

GEORCE MANTILA'S cocupation as being that of a farmer.

After he

and his wife separated in 1946, subjoot came to

Malwaukce, wisconsin where he securod a

job at the steinman

Lumber Conveny.

subject stated that he worked in the lumber

yards rocolving lumber and also oocasionally was engaged in

BeLling Lumber.

He was employed for the steinman Company

for a perzod of three years. During this time he lived at

1810 W. Wieconsir Avenue where he occupied one room and lived

alone.

After he quit his job with the steinman Company,

ne coured a job in the Shipping Dopartment or the waukee

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MT 1100-13337

Engineering company which he recalled was located o

35th

street and W. Villara Avenue in Milwaukee, wisconsin®

He

worked at the waukee Enginearing Company from 1949 lto; 2952

and continued to reside at 1810 W. Wisconsin Avenue:

Corporation located on Electric Avenue in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

time he still continued to reside at 1810 W. Wisconsin Avenue.

Subject could not recall the names of any of his supervisors

at any of the abova-mentioned places of employment.

Subject stated that he went to New York City in the spring of

1956 where he established his own business. He stated that it

was a lumber retail busineas and that it was located at 2250

Westchester Avenue in the Bronx. He stated that the name

of his company was the ruomi Lumber Supply and he described

the building as being a one-story building where his business

occupied the entire atore located at that address. Subject

could not recald the name of the person from whom he rented

the store.

He stated that he remained in the retail lumber business in

New York City from 1950 to 1958. During this time, he resided

at 255 Havon Avenue which he described as being an apartment

nouns where he 1iv00 alone and occupisa & anaid aparchient.

he lived at the Haven Avenuo addross until the end of 1958

but he stated that he has had no steady employment since

*June, 1958.

Supject stated that the building at 255 Haven Avenue was

demolished in Detober or November, 1958 after which time he

lived at 253 Haven Avenue in an apartment for a short period

and then lived at different hotels in New York City, the

Last one being the deorge Washington Hotel whore he resided

@uld.lg January; 1959.

Ho stated that ha stayed at the George Waghington Hotel for

approximately thige weeks and then went to Chicago, IllInois

by bus. In Chloago, he stayed at a hotel on W. Madison

Avenue for a few days but he could not recall the name of

the hotel. He then went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where he stayed

at the Kilbourn Hotel for approximately two weeks. He stated

ho left the Kilbourn Hotel on February 11, 1959 in osder to

make a trip to Upper. Michigan. He recalled that he stayed

at the Hotel Breitung In Negaunee, Michigan for three days

and then went to Duluth, Minnesota where he stayed for three

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Mit 100-13337

of four days at the Jeror Botel. From Duluth, he went to drand

Rapids,. Minnesota whom ty stayed two days at the Riverside

Hotels

to Duluth, Mirassoba whore he stayed for bne day at

Series stayed

the tenor hotel and they to Suerior, Wisconsin where he stayed

for & few days at the housi superior.

subject came to mainauree, wisconsin where he stayed at the

Antlers Hotel and from the Antlers Hotel he went to 1202 N.

broadway, subjest stated that he did all of his traveling via.

bus.

Subject stated that he intended to go to Chicago, Illinois and

then to New Yorks where he intended to jive.

He said that he

planned on studying sore cournes in Business Administration

and that while he had been in New York previously, he checked

business courses at such schools as the New York

Business

School and the Robert Stevenson School. He said that he

would obtain a part time job in New York City while he was

studying.

Subject further recalled that while he had been in Milwaukee.

suring February and March, 1959, in had agent some time locking

around Milwauked. He recalled that he had read the papers in

Milwaukee extensivaly for the purpose of obtaining sone business

opportunity i1 possible. He said that he had observed an

ad in the Milwaukee Journal which advertised a small shop for

rent.

He said that this shop was the B and & Woodworking

Company located at 366j E. Mallory Avenue, Cudahy, Wisconsin.

subject went to this location via bus and

merely examined

etho outside of the premises.

He advised that he never contacted

the owner of the establishment with regard to renting the

property.

bought a 1948 used Cnevrciet for $350.00. He s010 chis car

in 1958 at which tine the car had been driven only 18,000.

miles.

When questioned with rogerd to the route he took in going

to his place of employment at the tuami Lumber Supply at

2250 Weatchester Avense from his residence at 255 Haven

Avonue, he said se ercosed the little George Washington Bridge,

then took the Fordinam Fold to brons Fark where he drove along

the Pelhan Road and then down Bastchester Road to get to

Westchester.

He stated that it took him approximately fifteen

minutes to drive this distance.

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MI 100-13337

Material in Subject's Fersonal

Possessien,

Briefcass, Suitcase

and subject's Comente

thereor

Bank Book - 20 Union Square,| New York City.

Account Book No: 377525 shown that account was opened with

$400 deposit sm January 13, 2959 in name of KAARLO R.

TUOMI; withdrawal of $200

on 1/26/59. Subject stated

that he hsa no previous account with

this bank.

Kodak Pony 35 MM Camera.

Sun ect stated

that he purchased this camera in July or

August, 1958 at the Peerless Camera Shop near Grand

Central Station in New York City and that he paid cash

for this 1tem.

16 Amplex Photoflash Bulbe made in Holland.

Subject stated he purchased this item at the Photoart

Visual Service, a camera shop in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,

sometime during February, 1959.

y Contraceptives.

Subject desoribed this as an Item used by gentlemen which

he purchased in downtown New York City.

Package of Envelopes.

subject stated

that he bought these in the Bronx, New York

City, during January, 1959.

one

Unoxposed Roll 35 MM Kodak Plus X Film.

Subject stated he purchased this during January, 1959

on E. 4ist Street near Grand Central Station in New York

Cilty.

One Plastic (Pint) Pocket Flank containing Straight 190 Proof

Alcohol.

Subject stated he toeir this mixed with water as a medicine.

One Pair of Sunglasses®

one Roll 35 MM Colored Filn, Unexposed.

Subject stated that he purchased this film at the Photoart

Visual Service In Milwaukee, Wisconsin at the time that

he purchased the Flash Bulbs.

One Package of Phillips Milk of Magnesia Tablets containing 16 Tablets.

Subject stated that he used these

tablets for an upset

stomach and that he had purchased them In New York

City,.

but thet

they were not too elfective.

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Bottle of Relax Care containing 16 Caps manufactured by Success

chemical company Buooklyn, Nor york.

Subject stated he ksd purchased these in New York CIty

and he

uses them as an ald In sleeping.

Key for Briefcase.

Subject advised his briefcase was purchased at Gimbels

Department Storg, Milwauree, Wisconsin some time

toward the end of January, 1959.

One

Smal1 Glass Bottle of 100 Proof Alcohol.

Subject stated he had trouble with his bowels and

that he cleaned himself with this alcohol.

A Few

Sheets of Onionskin Fyping Paper.

Subject stated he used this for practice purposes.

.- A Few Sheets of Bond Paper.

subject advised that this was used for letter writing...

Brochure fron Collegite Business Institute, New York City.

Subject advised he had made inquiry at this school relative

to taking a business course, but had decided not to attend

this school.

Savings Account: Book No. 1, 730,676, for The Bank for Savings, 4th

Avenue at 22nd Surset, New York City, showing that an account had

been opened on January 12, 1959 in the amount of $400.00 in the

hame of KAARIO R. TUOMI.

Sayings Account Boor No. 903165 for the Bowery Savings, 110 E. 42nd

Street, New York City showing that an account was opened on

January 9, 1959 in the name of KAAPHO R. TUOMI In the amount

of $400.

An .add26109al $190.00 denoste

wes mede on 1/15/59

and a withdrawal of $200.00 on 1/22/59. Subjeck stated he had

•opened an infüial astount at the

Boxery Savings in 1956 under

the name of YARD buirs and that at this time he had a balance

of $1,000 in his account.

He coated that in December, 1958,

he had withdrown abcut $1,000 from the Bowery Savings

a2d

had opened other a.sounts at the above-enumerated banks.

Seven $20 billa ard 3 $10 bills contained in Subject's wallet.

Five $20 bills contained in savings account book for the

Bowery Savirge.

•One Bullova waton, 23 dewel, Golf-winding, Case No. 6251370.

• sunject suebed he purchased this watch in New sork City

approximbely one gear ago at & jewelry shop not far from

Union Square.

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100-13337

One italian Nado Typew lter Laaring name "Montana

subject suated he bought this typewriter on

10 г

1959 an new work city. Typewriter bore

No.

38420.

January

Serial

sales siip from fintels repartment store, New York City, for the

sale of the luasian nypewriter to K. R. TUOMI in the amount of

$46.66, dated Farusry 10, 3959.

Rent Receipt for le Salle Plaza Hotel, 873 W. Lasalle Street,.

SACHing

payment on March 8, 1959 in the amount of $9.50 for rent

of Room 409 from March 8 to March 15s 1929.

Receipt from Parkside Cleanerg Ine., 30 Lexington Avenue, New

York City, datod January 26, 1959, Receipt No. 06180, for a

grey sult.

hat and brown coat which was marked "will

Pick Up March."

Photograph of Boy in Bsthing Trunks, approximately seven years old,

described by subject as being the son of a lady friend of his who

11ves in New York Olty. Subject refused to identify printed

his lady

The rear of the picture bears the notation

August 1, 1946.

• One Photograph of Young Woman Sitting on Park Bench with Large

Collie Dog. Subject described this person as being the mother

of the above-mentioned seven-year-old boy whose name is "BOB."

Subject stated the photograph was taken in Florida. He said he

had never been in Florida.

Wallet Size Calendar for Year 1958.

purchased some stationery.

Receipt dated February 27, 1959 showing rent payment from thet

date until Merch 5, 1959 In the amount of $18.00, Issued by

T. C. WARD.

subject staded this was a receipt for rent paid

at his present restdence, 1202 N. Broadway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

which 18 a rooming house.

Postal Money Order dated janary 31, 1959, issued In Milwaukee,

Wisconsin, In the amount ci $2.00.

Subject stated he sent this

postal money order to ward's Laboratory In New York City for hair

lotion and that he had rever visited this place personally.

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one 15$ Air Mail Stamp.

Subject stated he had purchased this stamp in order to write

to MR. B. SALTINEN In Helsinki but adyised he had never

written to him. He also stated he had

never written to

anyone overseas.

7 Trading Stamps issued by a super market in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.

reynound Bus ticket from chicago, I nois to New York vla

Plütaburgh, Akron and Cleveland dated January 22, 1959.

Tloket to the Milwaukee Journal Track and Field Meet to be held

in the witwaukee Arana march 9, 1959. Envelope for this ticket

beare the handwritten names "Perrera and Company Inc., 636 5th

-Avenue, New York City,"

and "WIlliam Holzman and Company, 115

Broadway, New York Olty. "

subject stated these are the names of

morguego Limy dealing in money archango torch he chrades

Irom the Milwaukee Journal newspaper.

State of Now Xork Drivery Ilcense bearing the number "4522844,"

dated September 30, 1957 which expires on September 30, 1959

LoBed to KAAntO f. luond at 255 Haven Avenue, New York oity.

subjact stated ho borrowed a oar at the time he took the exam

to obtain his New York State Drivors Liconse and after he had first

been tested with regard to sigit and hearing, he obtained a

learner's permit. Subject stated he previously had a driver's

icenso from the State of Michigan but that he lost his Michigan

Jicense and, thereforo, had to take a driver's exam.

•Advertisement from Thorsen Inc., Department 3CA, 585 Water

Street, New York. Subject stated the this was a newspaper

advertisement for a plantlo covering which ho intended to use

to preserve his personal documents. He stated he did not send

for this plastic covering.

Postoard from Grand Rapids, Minnesota - new and unused.

Savings Aocount Book No. 18103 for the First MIlwaukee Savings

and Loan

Association, Y72 N. Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee,

showing socount opened January 30, 1959 In the name gi KAARLo. Ro

ront of the kotel Kilbourh, 626 N. 3rd Street, In the amount

of $400 with a withdrawal of $200 or Fabruary 9, 1959 and the

aocount closed with a $200 withdrawal on February 24, 1959.

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A postal cars of bh jeo-ge Wachington Hotel, New

York city,

to reserve a room 11 March, 1959.

A receipt from the travelers Insurance Company,

dated January

22, 1959, issued to mubject at the time that he left New York

City which insured kim for travel for a three-day, period. -The

beneficiary is the hutate of KAARLO TUOMI.

Key for Room 409, Inallo Plasa Hotel, Chicago, Illinois.

National key beariar, mürk

"Y-1." Subject stated this was

a key for his previous residence.

Theater Stub for Towie Theater, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Brochure advertisint, Rambler Autonobiie.

Subject explained he

had obtained this trim the Auto show held in Milwaukee,

Wisconsin during February, 1959.

371. 0 Typing Fipew with addresses "873 N. Lasalle, 4347 Ne

Subject explained these

were the addresses for hotels

in Chicago, Tilln'is which he had obtained from the Chicago

Tribune newspaper bui, that he only visited

the first hotel where

he registered.

One magnifying glass which subject explained he had purchased

In New York City l'or $5.00 or $6.00 and which he used for

examining his skin b-cause he was affileted with a skin ailment.

He also stated he unid it for reading.

Receipt from Jewelry Store In New York City entitled "Jules for

• Dramonds," dated january 10, 1959 for a watch. Subject stated

he purchased this with for a girl friend.

Iatter on General Elsctrio Stationery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

dated October 12, 1956, sigred by GERALD WEXTON, showing that

Subject had been imployed by thet firm from 1953 to 1950.

questioning subject ith regard to thie matter, he stated he

worked at denoral Erotric in the Shipping Department.

He stated

he entored a gate

to this company through the use of a pass.

He could not recull whuther he guached a clock or whether

the foreman kept i rocord of his time.

He stated there were

cen persons empiven in me snippine reparonent.

claimed that he book a bus from his residence at 1810 w.

Wisconsin Avenue to North 35ch Street and then took another bus

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on N. 35th Street to Lincoln Avenue from which point

walked

to his employment.

A letter on Waukes Enginearing Company stationery dated May 19,

1953, signed by RELEPT &. ONAN, showing employment at that

company from 1948 to 1953. Subject stated he worked at this

conpany in the shipping Department; that he punched a clock

but he did not knon eractly what type or machines this company

manufactured

wetver written on stacionery of rock high school, rock, Michigan,

.-signed by GEORGE A. WEINZARDNER, and dated June 3, 1947 showing

Subject had attensed that school from 1922 to 1932.

Sejective Service Registration Card showing registration October

16, 1941 at Local Board 126, New York City, at which time .

subject resided at 3530 Decatur Avenue, Brony, New York.

Eaggage Check 4759 Issued January 26, 1959 at the Hotel George

Washington, New York City.

subject explained that this was a

baggage check for kis suitcase which was at the George Washington:

Hotel at the present time.

Certified Copy of a Birth Certificate issued January 3, 1952

and

signed by THOMAS F, FAllON, Deputy Clerk, showing subject

*was born November 30, 1916, Ishpewing, Michigan.

Eyeglass Cleaner bearing name of Dell and Dell - Opticians -

19 W. 44th Street, New York City. Subject stated

his ayeglasses at that establishment and obtained he obtained

the magnifying

glass which he had in has possession there a18o.

Greyhound Bus Ticke: from Milnsukee to Chicago datod March 8, 1959.

Eyeglass Cleaner bearing name "Clement. Segal, O.D., 229 8th

Avenue, New York City."

subject stated he purchased nothing

at that estabilshment but merely obtained the eyeglass cleaner.

Key marked "John 2744 Bäway."

subject stated he did not remember

what this key was for.

Key marked "Skyway Iuggage."' Subject stated this was for his

suitcase at the George Washington Hotel.

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Key bearing number "1570." He stated this key was

for the suitcase

which sultcase 1g

presently in his possession.

Key marked "FYCRD." Subject stated he did not

remember what

this key was for.

11

White Tablets contained in anall Scotch lap-lowvainer.

subject

stated these tablets hed bser votained In a New York Drug Store

at which time he had otained them as a remedy for the grippe.

The following itens are calling cards in the Subject's possession:

George E. Hepola - Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company, 2200 Bleecker

Straet, Utica 3, New York.

Merchants and Bankers Soc. and Secretarial School - 41 E. 42nd

Street, New York 17, New York.

B. SALLINEN, Sales Manager, O. Y. Sava, Helsingfors, Finland.

Subject stated he met this person in a restaurant on

Times Square In New York City.

He met him by chance

and only spoke to him because he overheard him speaking

Finnish.

He stated he intended to write a letter to him

In Finland.

R. BROWN. - Gimbels Department Store, Milwaukee, Wisconsin -

carpats and rugs. subject stated he had called on

MR. BROWN while In Milwaukee because he was interested

-In buying a rug.

W. G. Larmon

Itd.

Home Equirment - 816 Madison Avenue, New York.

subject staved he did not remember where he met

this

person but he does recall that he never went to his shop.

Kismet Record Company, 227 E. 14th Street, New York with the

handwritten notation

"Berliner 154-4th Avenue"

on the

back.

Subject denied that he had made this notation

on the back of the card.

Macy's - Hearld Square

- New York - ZEB ZEBOROWSKI - men's

clothing subject auvised

he bought his suit. at this

place.

ROGER KENT - MILTON DIIIHOF - Assistant Manager - 225,

subject stated hs mat Diador at a bar in a nintelt street.

on 3rd Street and 6th Avenue In New York City which

nightclub had nude female dancers.

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Robert Hall - New York.

Subject never bought

suit:

here: but

obtained this card at the store.

Topp's Luggage Shop - 2429 Broadway. Subject went to this

shop

in the summer of 1958 in order to buy luggage.

He

_.=

stated he hao been to see a motion picture at

95th

and Broadway and had stopped at the luggage shop

thereafter.

Tommy Chens Casino - 1035 E. Boston Post Road, Mamaroneck,

New York.

Subject stated he never visited this place.

and .

SECOND LEGEND

Subject admitted the narrative furnished by him, as set forth above,

was false and agreed

to make a statement concerning the true facts

of his case.

he staied de was born November 30, lyio at Isnpeming, Michigan at

Dr. Holmes Hospital. He stated his father was KALLE TUMI and

his mother KAROLIINA TUGMI nee MAARALA and that both of his parents

had been born in Finland.

He claimed he and his parents lived on

a farm near Negaunee, Michigan in an area called

the North Country

which he described as being a Finnish community.

In April, 1917

his father died of the Spanish flu which epidemic was prevalent

in the U.s. at this period.

For some time after the death of

father,

lived on

the farm with his mother. His mother then

the farm and one-third of the proceeds of the farm was placed

trust account for him, the remaining two-thirds were turned

• over to his mother.

After the farm was sold, Subjest and his mother moved into the

Town of Negaunse, Michigan where they lived for two or three

years.

During this time, his mother remarried a person by

the name of ROBERZ SAASTAMOINEN. His step-father worked in

an iron ore mine in the area operated by the Cleveland Clift

Company.

Subject attended kindergarten and first grade in Negaunee and

various schools located at Rock, Trinery and McFarland, Michigan

because his parents worked at different lumber camps in the

area of Rock, Michigan and he would attend the neareste school

to the particular lumber camp where his parents were employed.

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From the sixth to the tenth grade, subject attended R chi High

School, Rock, Michigan.

His parents had purchased a i nail.

home in rock, Michigan in 1929 where they lived in be ween

lumbering seasons.

His mother worked as a cook in the Lumber

camps and his father as

a lumberjack or a cook's helper. He

stated that his parents had contracted to serve the lumberjacks.

He described his house in Rock, Michigan as having an acre ol

land and being composed of four rooms, two upstairs and two

downstairs.

In 1929, his mother gave birth to his sister, IReNE. Shortly

-alter, his father was laid off from work and was out of a

job until 1933 since these were the depression years. He stated

his father did perform occasional work as a masseur which occupation

he had learned from his mother who had been a specialist in this

field In Finland in 1930.

store in the center of Rock, Michigan. He stated that there were

two cooperative stores at this time since there had been a split

In the cooperative store movement between the Communists and

the non-Communists.

In 1930, Subject sated that his step

father joined the Communist Party in Rock, Michigan. Subject

became a member of the Communist Pioneer organization. Between

1931 and 1933, there was a large emigration of American Fins

to Karelia in the soviet Union.

In June, 1933 Subject's

step-father, mother and his sister, IRENE, who, at that time

was four years of age, went to karella as a part of that

movement.

He recalled that his step-father filled out an

application in order to obtain admission into the Soviet Union

. *and that he had to furnish references from a fraternal Communist

organization which he doscribed as being a workers and farmers

olub that had a hall in the center

stated that the communists had

a large support from Finns In

that area at that particular time.

He said that thousands

of Communist-minded Finns and follow travelers had moved to

Karolla lo seek better opportunities beoause of the depression

hore in the United States and

that this was the reason for

his family moving to Karolla.

He said that the Karelian Technical Ald group helped hio

family make arrangements to obtain Russian visas.

He described

his step-father an being a naturalized American altizen and

stated that his mother had come to the United States from

Finland at the age of four and had become a altizen, but

that she had lost her oitizenship when she married has father,

Kable, who was not a oftizen at the time of their marriage.

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He stated his mocher never acquired citizenship after that.

He statod that RocERy SAcrAMOIEr, his step-lather, obtained

an American passport and that his mother obtained a Finnish

passport through the Finnish Consul at Duluth, Minnesota.

He

said that since he wan an American sitizen, he automatically

was included in his step-lather's pescort and that he then

acquired his step-father's nEus of SAASTAMOINEN.

Up until

this time, he hao used his

real father's name of TuoMI.

On May 25, 1933, he and has family left the Port of New York

aboard the s.s.

Albert Pollin which he believed to be of the

North German Lloyd line or the hamburg line en route to Russian

Karelia.

Subject recalled that before their departure from New York

city, his step-father sold the house they lived in and their

automobile, which was a 1925 Star, in order to purchase the

steamship tickets. Subject also obtained the money which had

been left for him in trust in the estate of his father and

which amounted to $005.00.

This money was alau used to aid.

in transportation costs and the purchase of elothing.

stated the a three to four year supply of clothing was purchased

in the United states because they had been told that it was

difficult to obtain clothing in Fussis. He recalled that at

time they arrived in Ruesia, they only had $10 or $15 left.

Subject stated tht their ship landed at Cushaven which is at the

mouth of the Elb River In Germany approximately forty miles

from Hamburg, He said that there was a group of forty-four

persons going to Karella together with a numbar of Cermans

who were returning to Cormapy from the 1. S. Subject stated

that they went by brain ts Henburg, Germany where they stayed

one night and then boarded the Russian boat "Cooperation"

which landed in leningrao June 7, 1933. Subject recalled

ode riids with numerous cartridges,

phonograph records and playing cards, all of which were taken

away from them in a strict Fussian Inspection.

Subject and his family stayed in leningrad for three days

during which stay ho recalled he and another boy got lost

in town and had a difficult time finding their way back

to the hotel where they were ataying.

From leningrad, they

went by trait to Northern karella which area was inhaited

oy karelians who spoke finish with & dialect. He said

that there were a fow Russians in this area.

family went to a lumber carp called Vonganlahtl which was

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composed almost entirely of lumberjacks who were American Finns.

They arrived at this lumber camp toward the end of June, 1933.

subject stated thât he was sirteen years or age at that elme

and

began to earn money for himselt in the lumber camp.

He ...-

sald his job was that on clesning the mnure off the roads in

the winter and helping to build roads to haul lumber to the

Lake .

he was paid six rubles a day which he described as being

fairly good pay for a boy his age.

He pointed out that lumber

jacks working in the camp received ten to fifteen rubles a day.

He said that there was an organization called Insnab, the

purpose of which was to serve food to the American Finns. He

said that the food coat three rubles per day in the dining

room and that by being conservative, a small amount of money

could be saved at the end of the month.

He said that for each

month worked, two daya were set aside for a vacation so that

twenty-four working dayas vacation could be obtained in one year.

In 1934, Subject went to a foremen's school which consisted of

ceaching American methods of lumberine. He said the school

was extremely strict and that the pupils were required to make

their own bucksaw and go into the woods and saw timber for

long hours. They were graded on how much timber they were

able to cut. He stated that this school was located forty

kilometers froniPetrozavodsk, capital of Karella. He stayed

there four months with four other boys from the lumber camp

where he had previously lived with his lamily. He described

the school's exams as being mostly practical physical. work

as a lumberjack.

He stated that he then returned to the lumber camp called

Vonganlanti where he worked as a scaler: he stated that the

work o a scaler consists of measuring dogs and comparing these

measurements with tables which would indicate how many meters

of lumber there would be in a particular 1og.

He was thus

employed from 1934 until 1937 and he. received 400 rubles a

month salary. He described the work as being very difricult

since he was required

to messure logs during the entire day

and late in the evoning after which he spent a considerable

portion of the night calculating under a kerosene light.

Baid that he usually worked until 10:00 or 11:00 PM measuring

logs and for many hours thereafter calculating.

he stated

that this system was used in figuring a lumberjack's falary

and that certain norms were determined so that the more lumber

that was cut by a lumberjack would raise hissalary progressively

higher. He said that this system was designed to Increase

production and favored young men.

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In 1937, young lumberjacks in the Soviet Union were ab

alito

earn two or three thousand rubies a month while he ear ed

only

400 rubles a month and had to work around.

the clock., he!

therefore, decided to become a lumberjack and at the age!

twenty-one, he engeged in that type of work. Subject stated

that he worked very hard and belleves thet he spoiled his !

health during this period.

He exhibited his hand which shook

considerably and stated. that he believes that this affliction

was caused by the hard work in which he engaged during that

period. He stated, however, that a doctor hed since advised

him. that this affllotion might be caused by a thyroid condition.

In 1937, the Subject's stap-father was arrested for reasons

not known to Subject. He stated that he has not heard of his

step-father since the date of his arrest.

In 1938, Subject,

his mother and sister moved to another lumbering region farther

from the Finnish border called the koni region.

There he

worked asa lumberjack and his mother worked part time as

a oook. He stated that he now supported his mother and sister.

subjest stated that since 1934, he had been a member of the

speaker. He said that his father lacked formal education

but had a good memory and a logical mind.

He said that his

a member of the Communiut Farty.

his father wes arrested November 6, 1937 at which time his

fathar was working in a different lumber camp from the one

In which he and his mother and sister were located. He stated®

that the camp in which his father worked was composed of other

Amexiean Finns.

In 1938, subjoot was expelled from the Komsomol and was given

as a roason for such expulsion the fact that he had failed

to learn the Karellan language or the Russlan language.

stated that there way a strong nationalistio movement 1n.

Karella at this time, but that he had been unable to learn

the Karelian language becausn It was very difficult and 1t

had boon prepared by lingulatic experts from the russian,

Fannioh and looal Karellan wordo.

He said that most of the Amerioan Finns moved to the Kemi.

rogion where he continued to work in 1938 as a lumberjack

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and; brigade leader:

There were seven men in his brig te

Subject continued

to work at a lumberjack until the be glaning

of the Finno-Russ War whish bogan in November, 1939l ar 1 lended

In March, 1940. He stated he and other Finnish people!

11ving In Karalia were draited Into the Finnish Peoples 'Army.

He and others in his reginent were equipped with Polish

uniforms which had been taken by the Russians from the Poles

at the time. dermany and russia invaded Polara.

Subject stated

hat his regimont was headed by a coioned wholhad served ir

the Red Army.

subject's regiment old not participate in any

of the battles against the Finns but was stationed at Nedvezhegorsk,

a town near the Flanash border.

Arter the war, subject was

stationso at Petrozavodsk

In june, 1940, subject suffered with

eczema and was hospitalized in an army hoapital at Petrozavodsk.

He stayed for one month until he was cured.

The head doctor

recommonded that the commander of the subject's regiment give

him one month furlough. Subject took & train and went home

to visit his mother and alater instead of returning to his

regiment where he should have obtained his furlough offiolally

from his commanding officer. He was then called an absentee.

He aboyod with his mother and cicter In the komt roglon anu

this 1o the last time he saw alther one ni them.

Subject returned to his regiment at the now Finnish border near

sortavala which regimen: wes in the process of reorganization.

Shorbly after his return, there was a roll call of the

Individualo in hlo regiment who were to be separated from

mIltary duty,. Although IUCMI's name was oalled, he slept

through the roll call and was returned to Petrozavodek In

the regular Rusclan arny. He served In a maintenance company

and was givon a pair or horses to cure for. lis regiment

roturnod to the new Finnish bosder whare he served from

August to about November, 3940 and then returned to

Medvarhogorik.

In May, 1941, his rogiment again wes returned to the Finnish

bondor whore

serving at the time Germany Invaded Russia

on June 22, 1941.

Finland at this time also renewed 1i6

170861116108 W100

Russid, aided by some derman troops and air

support. In July, 1941, his regiment retreated under a Finn

offonsive rupported by Germans and was completoly enoircled,

Subjeat was taken aa a prisonar of war but. was able to get Into

Finland where ho obtained ald from a Finnish farmer.

sacod the no Jived and worked on this larm until 1951. He

described the farm as being sarge with considerable acreage

and timber. Most of the work which he perfomed for the farmer was

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that of a lumberjack.

He stated that he had hever been caught

by the police although there were many Finnish deserters, some

of whom were caught by the police.

there 11ce.

He stated that when he

first came in contact with this particular farmer, he worked

for room and board only, but in later years, he was given a

salary and was accepted

on the farm as one of the family.

--

According to the Subject, the farmer had a number of daughters.

In 1951, Subjeet went to Helsinki where he lived until 1958.

Subject said that in December, 1958, he purchased a number of

fraudulent documents fron some of his friends.

They consisted

of a U. s. selective service card, a Birth Certilicate, a

letter from the Rock High School showing attendance at

that

school and two statements of employment at the Waukee Engineering

Company and General Electric Company.

Subject atated that he

was snuggled aboard a freighter in Helsinki, Finland and then

Balled to New York City with stops in Denmark and a city he

¡belleved to be Cherbourg, France. Subject stated he did not

know the name of this vessel or the flag under which it sailed..

do worked aboard this voases as a saaman dolns clean-up jobs.

He said that 1t took over two weeks to get to New York City

and that he had been put in touch with a seaman aboard this

vessel who had an address in New York where Subject was to

report upon landing in New York. Clty. He said that he had

been given the name of this seaman by the same persons who

had sold him the fraudulent documents. He could not recall

the name of the seaman but belleved him to be a German becauso

she spoke English with a terman accent.

After he docked In New York City, the seaman in question furnished

the address where Subject was to report directly to the taxi

driver and Subject could not recall this address. He belleved

that it was some place in Manhattan, probably in Greenwich

Village,

he went to chicago, tlinois in December, 1958 by train from

New york city. the night before he had departed for Chicago,

Illinois, he stayed at the George Washington Hotel In New York

City. When he arrived in Chicago, he stayed

at the union

Square Hotel and bought a suitcase at Marshall Fiolds In

Chicago, Illinois which suitcase 18 presently looated at the

George

Wasnington Hotel.

He stated that he brought into the United States fron Finland

• the following Itemss

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Two Finnish prayerbooka

LONELS

Socks

Sleeping Pills

Slippers

JOKE BOOKS

He said that while working as a seaman, he used is own name and

seaman papers. had been issued to him in his own name which

papers he destroyed.

Subject refused to furnish the names of any individuals in

Finland who had aided him in securing the afore-mentioned fraudulent

documents and who had aided him aboard the ship from Helsinki

to the United states, staring that it would compromise these

people whom he described as friends and might injure them in

SoMe way.

He said that his only intention in coming to the

United States was to become a permanent resident of the

United States although he knew that he was illegally in the :

country.

THRD LEGEND

Subject admitted that he was an illegal agent of the ÜSSR; that

he had received ten months training in Intelligence work; that

he was smuggled into New York City from a ship which was not

Finnish but had sailed from Helsinki; that he had seaman papers

out destroyed them on arrival and that he took a taxi to a

Greenwich Villaga apartment, the exact location of which he

did not know.

TRUTHFUL, STATEMENT OF FACTS

Background Leading lip to Acceptance of Intelligence Assignment

Subject stated that the second narrative as related by him had

been truthful until he stated that his regiment of the Finnish

Peoplee Army had been encircled in an offensive launched by the

Finns supported by the Germans in 1941, and rather than being

taken as a prisoner of wars he had escaped to Finland where he

received assistance fron & Finnish farmer.

He described the Finnish Peoples

¡Army as being an organizational

unit of the soviet Army and identical with the Soviet Army.

He now stated that his regiment had never been encircled by

the Finnioh Army and that he had never escaped to Finland.

Instead, he continued to serve in the Soviet Army after Germany

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Invaded Russia on June 22, 1941 at which time Finland renewed

her hostilities against Russia.

Subject's regiment remained

at the Finnish front until 1944, at which time a portion of

the regiment was sent to the derman front, and he was placed in a

unit that was assigned to rear echelor duty on the Finnish front.

subject entered the Soviet Army as a private in 1939 and served

in a transport corps.

He later was assigned to the infantry

and was discharged in 1946 with the rank of corporal. In this

year he returned to the town of Kirov where. he had served in

the Army during 1944 and 1915. He met his wife, ANTONIA, In

May, 1946 and married her on September 12, 1946 in Kirov.

From 1946 to 1950, he attended the Institute in KIrov where he

majored in English and from 1950 to 1958, he taught English

In Kirov schools.

In 1951, Subject was contacted by a representative of the Russian

Committee of

and

State Security known to him as "ARKADI MIKHAILOVICH,"

was questioned with regard to his friends and relatives:

reszoing in

the stamp of the

the "idemitted of State Becurity. "

this person exhibited credentials bearing

subject told

him about his uncle, ANDREW MARLOWE, and friends residing in

nock, Michigan and that he had written to his uncle in 1936

and

1937•

The representative of the State Security then asked

subject to write to his friend, NEIL HARJU, and his uncle.

Subject

did so and the letters were edited by "ARKADI MIKHAILOVICH" before

being mailed. subject said that at that time he recalled HARJU's

address as being Box 106, Rock, Michigan and that his uncle

lived in Minnesota.

He had also remembered his uncle's address

because his mother

nad corresponded with him. Subject received

answers to his letters from both HARJU and ANDREW MARLOWE.

However, Subject wrote a later letter to MARLOWE in which

he enclosed a photograph of himself, but he received no reply

to this letter.

subject received a photograph of NEIL HARJU

In response to

his letter which photo was turned over to "ARKADI

MIKHATIOVICH."

In 1956, he was

called to the local hotel in Kirov by "ARKADI

MIKHAILOVICH" Who was accompanied by another man.

Subject was

again questioned with regard to his relatives in

the u.s. and

whether he had a birth certificate, report card, his father's

death certificate or any other personal documents of

U.. S.

origin.

Subject explained that these items had been in the possession of

his mother and that she had died in 1942. He said that in 1938

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and

1939, his family, consisting of his mother and step lister,

had lived with a woman by the

name of MARIA MIKKONEN,"

iARIA

MIKKONEN was Subject's helper in his work as lumberJach] Subject

felt that MIKKONEN might know something about the whereabouts

of the records in question and made an effort to locate ner

through the mail and also through official channels. He never

received an answer from this woman and the records were never

located.

Party in 1957, Subject was recontacted by "ARKADI MIKHAILOVICH"

who brought with him the same man whom the subject believed to

ion

....

be a representative of soviet Military Intelligence.

Subject

was asked if he would be willing to take an assignment in

northern Norway or Finland.

This man described the assignment

as easy, of one month's duration and similar to Army retraining.

Two months later, Subject agreed to this assignment, kut he was

never sent to either Norway or Finland because he was merely

being tested to determine if he would be willing to accept an

assignment outside of Russia.

-

In March, 1957, this same military Intelligence man again contacted

Subject and told him that some people in Moscow were. Interested

In him and furnished him with some money for himself plus travel

money. to Moscow.: Subject spent five or six days in Moscow during

which time he was questioned closely about his relatives in the u.s..

Subject was then asked if he would be willing to accept an intelligence

assignment in the U.s. and hewas told that his decision was a

voluntary one.

At this time, Subject was teaching English in two schools In Kirov

besides chopping wood in order to make sufficient money for his

family to live. For all of his work, Subject received about

1050 rubles per month. His wife received another 500 rubles

per month, but living conditions were very poor.

Subject explained that he, his wife, his son, VICTOR, born in 1947,

and his two daughters, IRENE, born in 1951, and NADEZDHA, born

In 1953, lived In a one-room apartment In Kirov. The family ate

and slept in this one room in the center of which was a Russian-

type stove. Toilet and kitchen facilities were shared with other

people living in the apartment building.

Because of these conditions, Subject accepted the Intelligence

assignment in the U.S. after he was offered more pay and better

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living conditions for his family.

He then returned!

arov ana..

advised his wife that hs was going to return to Moscow:

nilorder

to study. He stated that ha naver told his wife the tr a nature

of his work and thst she believee he is working abroad tut

does

not know where. .

Intelligence Trainins School

In May, 1957, Subject returned to Moscow whre he was met by the

same representative of military intelligence previously referred

to and taken

to an apartment which he described as being on the

9th iloor of a building in which building the elevator ran only

to the 8th floor. The only floor above him in this building

was an attic. The apartment was composed of a kitchenette

containing a gas stove, refrigerator and table. The living

room contained a television set, radio, table,.

clock that rang every half hour and an old-fashioned cupboard

with a glass door for dishes.

The bedroom had twin beds,

wardrobe and a big mirror with a dressing table that was

located on the wall opposite the doorway. In the attic there .

was a room for photography work.

Although the first approach to Subject had been made by a representa-

tive of State Security, he realized, upon entering his Intelligence

training in Moscow, that he would be working for soviet Military

he was required to sign a statement In

which he pledged to work for Soviet Military Intelligence and

keep any information coming to his attention in a secret and

confidential manner. Subject stated tiet ha thought that he was

probably assigned to work for Soviet Military Intelligence

because of the faot that he had a knowlodge of English which

would enable him to be of service to Military Intelligence abroad.

He had never been advised as to the difference between soviet

state security and Soviet Military Intelligence but he assumed

that Soviet State Security was responsible for detecting foreign

Intelligonce organizationu working within the UsSR. He said

that he believed that state Scourity would send some representatives

abroad for the purpose of datermining if a particular foreign

government was sending agorts into Russia. He believed, however,

that this representative of stato security working in a foreign

country was not chargod with any espionage responsibilities in

that particular country. In hia own estimation, Subject thought

that the rasponsibilities of Military Intolligence were to carry

on espionage activities in foreign countries. He aldo

out that ho wrow df another Sowles imtalligence agendy calied

Ecchomic Intelligonce but he did not know It this organization

was a part of State Security or Soviet Military Intelligence.

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All of Subject's training was held in the above-mentioned apartment

to his instructor in inselligence work as

All instructors at the intelligence school came to the apartment

where the Lustructions

were given.

He described

"CRIGORIEVICH"

as follows:

Age

Heigit

weisas

3u110

Hair

Charactaristles

40-42

5'8"

170

Stocky.

Dark Frown

Wore glasses with steel rims;

wore Soviet clothes mostly;

spoke inglish with an accent

and wore a watch of Soviet make

Subject stated that he was of the opinion that all names furnished

to him at the intelligance school were fictitious although they

were only flost names.

"ATERSEI GRIGORIEVICH" had been in the

U.S, because be spoke of being In Nagara Falls, New York and

exhibited a picture. of himself taken in Central Park, New York

city.

This instructor discuesed such matters as surveillances

and drops and as a practical part of his course, subject was

required to detect and lose surveillances by persons unicown

to him but who were working for "ALEKSEI GRIGORIEVICH."

subject received. the

impression that "ALEKSEI GRIGORIEVICH" did not

know all of the faote whish he taught through actual experience,

but had obtaines some

from other persons.

of his intomation through books and reports

With rogerd to determining surveillances in the U.S., Subjeet

was Instrustsa that he should use side streets with very few

people in order to ascertein the identity of any persons who

may be following him.

Es was also instrusted to find some reason

to look behind him such as tying his shoelace. Besides this,

he was instructed, when working in a particular city, to locate

a number of places that ere particularly adaptable becauso of

their physical surroundings to losing any surveillance which

may be placsó on him.

As an example of such a place, subject

mentioned that a department store would be suitable.

He was

also taught that when he mailed a letter, he must be absolutely

certain that he wasn't being followed but he was not instrusted

as to any special place where he should mall such letter.

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Subjoes stated that the FRI was mentioned during his intelligence

training.

with regard to the fBI, subject advised that he was

instructed to stick to tre cover story

that had been furnished

to him at tha

antelalsonce school

and there would be Little

chance cf the

For fInding Out about him.

He said that he was

told that g9p or this cover story was fooiproof and that there

was only if chance of the FBi ever finding out that it was

not as stated.

He was aiso taught that even if the FBI did

conduct a survelliance of him, there was no certainty that the

IB. WOUld apprehend him.

the fat night take the tactic or

following him for as long as six sonths in order to determine his

possible connections with other persons who may be working with

nim in soviet intelligence. he was taught that 14 chis

situation should ofour,

he should

act in a normal manner

pretend that he does not know that he is being surveilled.

he should report in detas to Moscow everything that he is

able to observe with regard to the FBI surveillance. It was

printed out to hin that other intelligence agents have been

followed by

the fist and that nothing happened to them.

Stilt, other

agents only thought they were being followed, got excited,

destroyed all means of commication in order to avoid debection

thus were no longer of any value to the organization.

There

was no need to enrage in such actions since they were probably

not under surveillance auy way.

He was also taught in this

Intelligence school

that coloned Abed was the only fasture

that they ever had.

They told him that the Isi was composed of man who had a law

school education and had special training in counter-ate.11genoe

Those men are mostly midale age.

When the FBI conducts

a survelliance, the survellianes is frequently changed from one

to another a

pointed out to hin that he should be alert

to detect a man

sonorite nin who, In turn, would be foilowed

by a car.

se was aiso boid chat Soviet Military Intelligence

would probably lon

he was being surveilled by

the FBE

Long before he

wes ever sole to determine that rack by himsoil.

He recalled

that he wag

ornabised

a 16 MN sound

intelligonce schood entitled

"port of New sork loture at the

This picture

was shown to hun for the purpose of giving him sone visual

knowledge

0. how the FS. Wores

against certain marootion violators.

He stated

that this pasture was a fund longtr hour and ono heit

mouse made in the V.S.. He was also exhibited a picture concerned

with been age delinqueney in California. Both of thee movies

were in the englith language and were produced for dormal consumption

in the UsS:

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/ Information re Intel irence Agent Failures

Subject recalled that he jokingly asked If he would be able to

have a woman companion in the U.s., pointing out to them that

three years was a very long time.

He was

told in generalitios about the incident

involving a male

intelligence

agent who had established himseir

in the U.s. and who

had contacted his authorities In Moscow asking for a woman

companion.

subject stated that they obliged him by sending bim

& mate although they were not margled and had not even lmown each

other prior to their meeting 1a the Ü.s.

These persons Iived

together in New York Olty as man and wife. The female quickly

established herself in New York City as a

secretary. However,

agent began to associate with some of the office girls where

the female was employed as a secretary. She became extremely

jealous and during

the course of an argument with the male

agent, she

kicked him with her very pointed shoes causing

213

shins

to be black and hiie.

Sho alac Incormod the authorities

In Moscow and both of the

were immediately called back co

MosCOW o

subject stated that he had

heard

that this male agent

01đ

have & wife and child In Russia.

They also told him of one woman agent who had been sent to

U.S. but who was stopped at the Canadien border because

she had either forgobten her American address on she could not

ball the American authoritles her address In an Amoracan manner.

They related to him the incident Involving an agent who worked

In Europe and was Involved In an acoident in a taxi cab.

He

had to testiry as a witness to this aceldent. For some

reason

later on, he had to change bis identlty but by chance he met

people who knew hin in connection with the accident and called him

by the name that he used at the time of his acoldent,

thus

exposing his double Identity.

He further recalled that he was

told about an agent who, while

walking along the seine in Parie, ned been robbed of $2, 000.

Since he had no other funds, he reported to the Embassy in Paris

and he was

taken back to Russia.

In talking about the igor coudenko case, he stated that he was

told cousenko was arraid to go any place in canada because he

was a traltor so the soviet union and reared e11m1ha010n.

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Subject stated he knew of one person who was not considered a

failure and

who is now in the soviet Union where he is writing

a book. He is retired

and living on a pension.

as an agent for the soviet Union in the1920's

established himself in the button business in the

toid that during the period of time that this man

operated in the U.S., methods of communication between Soviet

Intelligence agents were very simple. He said that this man

even went to the extent. or calling a

conference of his agents.

Assignment in the United States

Subject stated that his assignment in the u.S. between the years

1959 and 1962 was to establish a legal background here through

such methods an obtaining his birth record, paying taxes, getting

a job or going into some business for himself and making friends.

With regard to his friends, he was to obtain their politica.

Ideas and determine their attitude toward various world problems.

Is was instructed that he should not solicit any information

regarding matters of intelligence from his established friends.

He was not to carry out any intelligence operations but ir he did

obtain information of intelligence value, he was to send it

to the authoritics in Moscow.

As an example of intelligence

of value to the soviet Union, Subject stated that something

such as sendine U.s. missile weapons to the Neas East would

bo considered or sufficiont Importance to advise Moscow. He

was told that he should obtain an apartment and attend some

Amerloan school where he couid receive an education in some subject

Thatwould aid ham in cotabilshing a business or getting a job.

regard to looking for business opportunities, he was advised

that arber ho gained expordence in that particular business

he was to inform them of tho complete debails regarding that

business and that they might consider giving him sufficient

capital to establish a busiross of his own or to invest 1n

another business and become a partner thoroin.

subject believed

that the sovious micht invost as much as $10,000 il a suitable

busineas opportunity can be located.

Subject said

that an his own mind, he considered the possibilaty

ed inventing

In a business 14 Now

work orty whore he would not

have

to work furs time.

This would sive him sufficiont spare

to engage in his

InteLLigence operation. He was alao told

that 6809.00 had

been allottod to him for the purohaso of a

automoba.

would obbain thin

automobile aftor he

had secured a drivoris license in New York. Subject advised

that he was boins padd 0450 per month by the soviets and that

hie wife and fomily recolved 1600 rubies in addition to the

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500 rubles she received from her regular employment.

Is bject

said

that he was to inform Moscow on all aspects of Ame: ICan

1ife.

This information would be used by the Military

Intelligence Iraining School to train other agents. '"

Although Military Intelligence did not advise him definitely

with regard

to this point,

they hinted that later in his

intelligence career he would probably be working with someone

else.

He was not, however, to recruit anyone during his first

three-year assignment in the U.S. He said that' after he would

been sent back to the U.s. for a second assignment, he

might have been permitted or ordered to recruit someone

for Soviet Military Intelligence and those persons whom he

recruited would probably work under his direction. He stated

that he had planned on making a few friends during his Midwest

tour of the

U.S. In January and February, 1959 which acquaintances

he could use in the future as references.

He wai also advised that he should stay away from and have no

connection with Cormunist Party members in forming his friendships

and acquaintances in the u.s.

He was plan tnld to avoid all

Communist locationg.

As an example of his attitude with regard

to these instructions, hi stated that one day while in New York

City, he decided to walk from the George Washington Hotel on

23rd

Stroet to Broadway ind then down Broadway to the Battery.

This was just a sight secing, window-shopping walk. He said

that while walking south on Broadway, he noticed a book store

featuring Russian books in the window and he entered the store.

Atter looking around the shop, he became alarmed when he

realized that this was a "Communist" book store. He immediately

Loit the store.

He stated the name of the store was "Che Four

Continent Book Store. "

In his own mind, he also decided thet

he would have no associations with Finnish groups because he

described the Finns as boing too clannish and knowing each other

too well.

Radio Training

MELANAT

During the time that he attended the intelligence school.

there was some talk about giving him lessons in receiving radio

messages through Morse Code.

It was anticipated that these

lessons In radio would commence upon his return from his

training trip through

Europe. However', subject stated he

was never provided with this parcicular training inasmuch as

he had suffered an inner car infection which had impaired his

hearing due to the toriction of scar tissue on the inner ear.

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Enslish Trainita

Subject advised that he studied conversacional English with a

woman known only ab

her nath rties, 56Ft, 1o rounds, slender bill, dark

no cescribid her as à Russian in

brown hair ans slander

Legs; characteristics • wore

low heels.

Subjact believes

that "HENEN" had never been abroad.

Subjact stated that "HEIEN" apoke English only slightly better

than ho did.

He said that his conversations with her during the

period of his

training wore held dally and that the last time

he saw

"HEIEN" was just before he left on his training trip of

Europe in She latter part of 1958.

subject recalled that the following magazines were recommended

for his reading while in attondence at the Intelligence school:

Neus Week

New Yorker

Time

Life

He cocasionally read the new York Tines newopajor.

:.

The following books were read by him:

Fron Hare to Eternity

tone with the Wind

I'll Cry Tomorrow

Photography Training

This

course was taught by a "VIADIMIR IVANOVICH". Subject

• described

"VLADIMER IVANOVICH" aB being a Russian. He stated

tit he received speedalized braining in photography, crytography,

mlorodot reprosuction und searet writing.

Marxism-Ienintem Festruction

Subjeut stated he resedrod approximately seventy hours of

instructions in Marxisn-Jerinism

from a person known 'to him

a3

"ALEKSANDER JOSEPHOVICIS."

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Arrival In United 30: 23-200 Intelligence Operations

From May to August, 1957s Subject studied at the Intelligence school

In MoscON.

He had

one mathis vasation in September, 1957 which

he apent with his wife and family on the

Black Sea:

He , returned

so the intelligence sohoot at the end of September and continued

his abusied until the middle of July, 1958.

He then received a

SWO-monChs" prect1631

assigument In Europe designed to acquaint

nim with mesnoos ci travel,

¡ customs of other countries and to .

genorally asquire the poise and experience of a traveler.

ie was crovided with a fraudulant Arerican passport in the name of

JOIVO RUDOLEH LAISINEN end he left Moscow on July 19: 1950,

traveling to Faris, Brussels and Copenhagen until about mid-

August, 1953. From mid-figuet until his return to Moscow on

September 19, 1958, he travoled in Finland..

It was Ir. Helsinkel, Finland that he met the girl pictured with

the collle dog thor ha had described in his legend as having."

been talem in the J. 3.

we stated that the picture of the saven-

year-old boy which picture he carrind in his wallet was merely

a prop furnished by Soviet Militery Intelligence, and not the

son of the girl with the cotie dog as previously stated.. With

regard to this particuler girl, he atated that she had come to

Kalsinks from sonewhere. In the provinces of Finland merely for

the purpose of visising the city. Hs said she was married and

lived with her husband, but that she and har husband were not

but that®

gompabible.

Her husband wea employed in the Civil Service

of the Finnish Covernment. He stated thet although he spent

some time with this girl In Helsinki and Tampere she had nothing

• to do with Soviet intelligence.

he continues his wiger. at the inbelligence school in Moscow from

september 18, 1958 30 Gobeber 10, 1958 and returned

to his home in

Kinor tone visit from october 10,

1959 to November 10, 1958

after which he returred

50 1955004.

On Dacembor 9, 1958 he repartos from Moncon by air for Paris,

France vis Copenhagers using +

"rauclant American passport

furnished to him by tovied Military Intolligence in the namo of

MATTI ROBERT LAAROO,

Upon kis arrival. In Paris he destroyed

this passport and cont a postcaro of an airplane to his superiors

In Moscow which was

& prectroused signal to snow that ne ha

arrived in Faris and hed destroyed the

LAAKSO DASsport

December 14, 1958 he flew to Eruscolo, Belgium with a fraudulent

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mercan passport asso gaves to him by soviet intellige:de i

the hame of TOIVO RODERE MOSTONEN.

in bedemoer 10, 1950 he

left Brussels vis Sabena Airways and landéd. in Montreal, Canada

•on December 27, 1953.

Me regisbered at the Berkeley Hotel,

18 West Sherkrockre Street, Montreal, Canada and sent a postcard

when a bitune ot trees therson to his superiors in Moscow

Whieh was

a sire. that he had arrived in Montreal. The

Identity of kis hotel has nos boer previcusly furnished lo him

by soviot inteliigense and the only hotel which had been given

to his prior to his

deperture from Moscow was the George

washirgion Rossl In Nsw Yor's Olty sew the purpose of receiving

mall fron his Intelligenss cuperiors.

After a few days In Montreal, he purchased a round trip ticket

to Vancouvers

British Columbia for the purpose of becoming

accusinted wish the grace or employmant in that city which

had been furnished to him iy soviet intelligence and which

he

noed in his firat cover story.

„de made this round-trip to

Vanenuver, Britagh Columbis and rotarned to Montreal

about

December

30, 1953.

on December 30, 1958 he Jest Meritsaal vis what he belloved to

be. Some Canadian railroed for Chicago,. Illinois.

He crossed

the bordor into the U.s. at Post Muros, Michigan and stated that

he had no trouble at the border getting inbo the u. S. He

arrived in ohleage on December 31, 1958 and tock a room at

tos Union Square Hotel at Sheridan and Madison Avenues, where

he stayed for two or three doys. He had been instructed to

cross the border about New Jean's Eve since trains would be

crowded and the authorities would be lesg inciined to pay

attontion to hin. He then moved to another hotel where he stayed

for tro days, the name of which he could not recall. He then

took a train

to New Icrk Sity, arriving there on January 5,

1959.

He registered at the decree Washington Hotel In New York

City and rerained thore for the entire period oi time he spent

3.11 New

York City.

losh nis

srival In New York Cloys he sent

a postsard of a church to his superiors In Moscow, which :

Indicabed to then that be had arrived safely In New York City.

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On January 8, 1959 he wrote a letter in secret writing to his

superiors in

Moscow and directed it to the prearranged address

of MT. HERRA ULJAS KOSKINEN, C/O ARVO JOH, AHTI Oy., Vironkatu

6; Helsinki,

Finland.

He merely advised them that

he had been

to Montreal, Vancouver, Chicago and was now inj New York.

On

January 18 or 19, 1959 he received a response from his superiors

which was written in secret writing and directed to hin at the

George Washington Hotel. This letter acknowledged the receipt

of his letter and stated that his family in Kirov had received

the refrigerator and washing machine which he had sent to them

from Moscow just before his departure for Paris. This letter

instructed him to hide the MUSTONEN passport and advised him that

he would receive money from them after his trip through the

Midwest.

The letter also stated that there was a letter for

him from his wife which would be sent to him through a drop

when he returned to New York. The Subject stated that he

wrapped his passport in a piece of waterproof plastic together

with a paper showing the time that MUSTONEN left New York

Idlewild Airport for Paris, & smallpox vaccination certificate

and secreted the package next to some steps in Fort Tryon Park,

New York.

On Janvary 15, 1959 he directed & letter to his wife written

in secret writing and in English which were sent through his

Superiors in Moscow.

Subject stated that a Soviet handwriting

expert in Moscow would nave rewritten the letter duplicating

the subject's handwriting before sending it on to his wife who

did not read English.

In his lotter to his wife he told her

that he

had arrived at his destination, that his new job was

difficult but he would get used to it and asked about, the

i hot had on.

health and studies of the children. He closed by sending his

His wife writes to him through a Post

Office Box

in Moscow.

Midwest Trip

On January 26, 1959 the Subject left New York via Greyhound

Bus for Chicago and directly on to Milwaukee. He arrived in

Milwaukee, Wisconsin on January 28; 1959 and he registered at

the Kilbourn Hotel in Milwaukee. He stated the purpose of this

Midwest trip was to become acquainted with the varioys employ-

ments which had been furnished by Soviet intelligence to be

used by him in his cover story, and to become acquainted with

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the places in northern Michigan and northern Minnesota where he

had lived as a child.

he had also desided that he youdd

attempt

to obtain his baptismal sertificate at

the church where he had

been baptized in Negaunee, Michigan, although he had not been

instructed to obtain the certificate by Soviet intelligence.

From January 28 until february 11, 1959 the subject visited the

various plases of employment which had been given to him by

Soviet intelligence to be used by him in his cover story.

were as follows:

Steinman Lumber Corpany and the B & & Hoodworking Company.

He also visited the apariment located at 1810 West Wisconsin

Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which had been given to him

as his

residence while working in Milwaukee.

He stated that Soviet intelligence had also given him the

employment of lie Brown Deer Lunter Company, Mliwaukee, wiich

was to be used by him as his employment between the period of

time that he worked for Waukee Engineering and the General

Electric Corporation, 11 he so desired to use this employment.

They also furnisked hin nith the address of 2229 South glst

Street, Milwaukee, which address was to be used by the Subject

only if he thought that it was necessary. With regard to

the

Brown Deer Lumber Company enployment and the address 2229

#South 9lst Street, he stated that his authorities in Moscow

had advised him that he could use his own judgment as to their

use.

He had

also visited these places while in Milwaukee.

On february 8, 1959 while residing at the Kilbourn Hotel,

he directed a letter, in secret writing, to his superiors

in

Moscow, giving them the address of the Kilbourn Hotel and

advising then that he intended to journey to northern Michigan

and Minnesota.

He departed from Milwaukee on February 11, 1959

enroute to northern Michigan and Minnesota. After his attempt

to obtain his baptisnal certificate in Negaunee, Michigan, on

February 15, 1959 and the ensuing call from & Mrs. KOSKI

who

claimed to have known his mother and wanted to know if he

had returned from Russis, he realized that he might have been

over ambitious in attempting to obtain the certificate.

Although he did not feel inat the incident nad direczed any

innediate attention to

him and he did not feel that he was

under surveillance, he recognized the situation as a somewhat

dangerous one and felt that it rould be wise for him to change

his identity.

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He completed his trip from Negaunee, Michigan, to Duluth;

Minnesota, Grand

Rapids, Minnesota, Deer River, Minnesota,

and Superior, Wisconsin, returning to Milwaukee on Febluary 24,

1959.

He stayed at the

Antlers Hotel in Milwaukee from

February 24th to 26tis, 1959, and on February 27, 1959 he

moved to a boardingihouse located at 1202 North Broadway,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

On February 28, 1959 while staying at the boarding house at

1202 North Broadway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, he directed a letter .

to his superiors in Moscow, written in secret writing, which

advised then as follows:

"My two weeks' trip was o.k., but

in lagaunée on February 15, 1959 I was too ambitious.

went to the local church and asked for my baptisnal certificate

giving my full name and that of my parents. Alter returning

to hotel in Negrunee I was contacted by & Mrs. Koski who stated

she knew Lina Marrala and asked 1t I had returned from Russia.

I claimed mistaken identity and later 1 told hotel operator's

wife to tell the minister that I would return in the summer

for the certificate."

The Subject stated that he suggested to

them in the letter that he change his identity and use the name

of CArL TooMbY 'in the future.

The Subject ended his letter with

the statement, "No panic, please advise."

He furnished them

with the address of the Lasalle Plaza Hotel in Chicago, Illinois

where he was to receive their reply to his letter.

Location of Drops in New York City

The subject stated that prior to his departure from Moscow, his

superiors furnished him with a lined notebook. The cover of this

notebook reflected a picture of "Miss World."

He was told that

he could place

instructions in secret writing on the back pages

of this notebook pertaining to items he must remember in

carrying out his assignent. The Subject recorded the instruc-

tions with regard to locating his drops in New York City and

also the chemicals he needed to prepare a 35 mm. for microdot

phocography as well as the processing, developing and bleaching

of soft film.

These instructions in secret writing used five pages of the

notebook, four of which he developed in New York City because

they pertained to the "drop" locations.

The remaining page

pertained, to chenicals used in microdot photography and will

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be developed by the Subject after he has established & fosidence

in New York City.

DrOp #I Known As Mister VANCE

Located in Yonkers.

Go up Eroadway to Post Street, Post Street

is on left, on sight 15 Mclean Ave.

Go up. McLean-to Van

Cortland Ave., turn

• lett on to Van Cortland past the lst

--

bullding on your left (at this point a stadium is across the

street on your right). Past building is wall--first hole in

wall, nearly level with ground its drop.

(Note--wall has many

holes--first hole past building is drop)

Drop #2 Known as Mister EDWARDS

Located in Queens.

Go along Astoria Boulevard to northeast

corner of St. Michael's Cenetery at Astoria Boulevard, cross

suali sireel flit ur istan Sureed) up to lampost. in

southern side of Astoria Boulevard, opposite from lampost

is bridge railing with sidewalk between lanpost and bridge rail.

There is an upiight post in railing almost opposite lampost

• (Re is confused because there seems to be two upright posts

nearly equal to being opposite the lampost.) The drop is a

magnetic drop, four inches to the left of the upright bar

under the top cross rail.

Prop #3 Known as Mister ANNIS

Located in Queens.

Go to Intersection of 69th Street near

47th Avenue. Long Island Failiond Bridge crosses both streets

at this intersection.

As you walk from corner of 47th & 69th

along 69th on right hand side, go under bridge. Bridge on

this side has four supporting poles.

The fourth one has

"X" type support with plate at junction of "y" on both sides.

Drop is beireen plates on inside of one facing sidewalk.'

(Subject believes this is on 69th street, but could be,on

47th Avenue, has asked for clarification).

Drop #4 Known as Mister BERK

Located in the Bronx. Go along Bronxdale Avenue froy inter-

section of Brontdale Avenue and (Subject cannot recall this

street). Bronxdale Avenus goes under Dywer Avenue subway

bridge:

On right hand side of Bronxdale is support of four

pillars. Behind first pillar 1s metal plate about breast

high. Conlalner is altached to this plate. Note there are

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other plates but one used

is chest high!

MX.

BErK lis used only

for emergency documenes.

Magnetic Containers

11191991117

Small containers, such. as "hide a key" are used

at Drop #2.

Dropa #3 and it use big containers.

These containers are

described as six by three by one inches, rust colored with

-one side baving a magued bor and the opposite side has a

sliding cover.

Signal Area

The save signal area is used for all four drops.

It is-located

on Park Avenue at 14514 Street in the Bronx.

Go west on

146th Street and at end you; run into Fark Avenue. As you face

Park Avenue on 146th streeti on opposite side of

Park Avenue

from you are three stone harriers to keep ears Iron going

over embankment.

The signal area is on the extreme left hand

stone as you face park Averue on 146th Street.

On upper left

hand corner of this stone se placed & blue chalk mark (a

check) to shoy he cleared. the drop.

Signal area should be

marked the sue day it possible, it not the next day.

For subject to knoy a drop was cleared he receives & postcard

"nailed in New York City with picture taken In New York City.

The

message on the card would have no meaning.

Instructions Be ProP Oparations

All, drops are only to be vied in read need and not very often.

Make sure no fisur before going to arop and have cover story

why he was in area.

All drops work on

a une day clearing system, Drop #1 or Mr.

VANCE has the

follraing rule-Put in during the evening and

take out in the

noiully. This clearing system with regard to

#1 applies to born parties to the agreevent.

(Note #1 is the

only aperture dro; - the Other. three are magnetic).

The other

three drops do not have this rule.

He learns that a drup needs to be

cleared in the following

way. If he receires a leider from anywhere in Europe, the

letter will be datel as the sor. the letter will be in open

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code and

mentIon the drop by an innccuous refsrence to it by.

code name, foy exirris "Misuer Vance sends bis, regards, or

Mister Vance 15 107

feeling seel, ste,"

This neans that

15 days alter the date or

the letter that drop is to be cleared

by hin. 11 he gete a loctor, sune as above, fron New York; the

drop is to be closted five days after the date of the letter.

betters received from Autore aie SIgNed HENNY JACKSON.

Lotters

fron anywhere

i.. BIe SIgNed JOHN FISCHER Or JOHN GROSS.

If he places sonoiling in a drop and vents it cleared, he writes

& letter is

ãa, Herre Ullas Koskinen, d/o Arvo Joh. Abti,

Vironkatu 6, He1s1nk1,

rinland."

He was also furnished with

a reserve sadrei oi

"Hust Schwartz, Central P.O., Box 534,

Moscow, sovtet Undon."

His outgoing lester is dated at the top and he yill place southing

outgoing letters

5y "hin are aigaec

CAHLO COLLINS.

The

above applies to lecters in open code.

Inconing letters can

have the drop

secret triting and it this is the case:

the date of ciraring for hir can be nestioned in the letter and

All the letters he receives

Nes York City or anywhere else

"In the U.S, will Do signed JOIN FISCHAR OF OKN GROSS.

letters he

receives tron Elopo will be signed

HENRY JACKSON,

He was told to expect busines lettore from the George wildwood

Imber comsany, lits street Bart near Avenue "A", New York City,

and ine Fluidless Contas: lens lestlay, New Tork city.

Any businees litters or sorriiserents coning to him fron

theRe COrpinIda WILd KArE A MeSSAge in theM.

Ordinarily if

3 0481709

heinor or Fuser senent cane to hin fron any

conpany, if the loser J01s nand cooner was turned up tro

centineters, Ir

wollu meen that there was a message in it in

secret writing.

Menting PlAce

Known us lister BriGht.

TAA5• 13

localed in a record

shop on

the left hand side of the

Vat loand

Theater (as you face the

Theater) locattd

sis 149t4 Sortet and lard Avenue in the Bronx.

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MI 100-13337

The meeting time would be 4400 p.r. He would be carrying bis

eye classes in

haD brain leader Case in

his left hand. the

person meeting hin would sri "seus, me! Did I go to school

with you in Miraurest He would reply "No, my brother want

to school in Milwaukes, I want to school in Rock. "

He could be intomed of tils meting in the same way he would

he notified of & disg restag to us cleared, l.e. letter from

Europe, fifteen days,

Lester Iron Nex York five days.

arrangerents hare been me for porscoal imediate contret o str

Wheraby it a stranger roproaches tin tossings silver dollar

in either

or both henas and they so through the sane parle

as for the meeting a: M. BERGEN, this will indicate that

this man is from b1s

superiors,

he was shows no pictures

nOr

given any indication at who unis person sould be.

Emergency Procedures

If, for sore reason, correspondence sith Helsinki address doesn't

work for three months subject must go every first and third

Sunday to see Mater VANCE to get a message and every second

• and fourth Sunday to Mister ANNIS to place a message.

It this doesa't work for one month, Subject should go on the

First

Sunday of the north to seo MiSter BERGEN.

If this doesn't york, to to lexico City and contact the Soviet

Military Attache by sending him & letter mentioning Mr. EMMERSON

and Sighing Letter OSCAN FORDON.

This letter if possible should

be slanderous to the forlos lilon.

On the fitteenth dey

atior the date of the letter to the Military

Attache,

Subject

sould nant someone at 8:00 p.m. on the left

hand side of i novie

theater.

The theater selected would be

the first movie

cheater that

pus upos ghich was listed in the

Mexico City Tolsphone Direstory. Is the firat one listed in

the telephone directory

war nut open he would go on down the

list to the first imater listed wich vould be open:

Entrance Passport Inso the U.S.

He entered the U.s.

under an Ancrican Passport in the name

Ot TOTVO ROBERT NASTENIN.

this passport belleved to be good

June, 1959 and can be wied until then to depart from

the U.s. if recrosary. At the expiration of this passport

SECRET

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NI 100-13337

he would be supplied another document.

Therefore, he received

no Instructions to destroy this passport upon arrival, but to

place it in s secura place for the time being:

In view of this he solosed fort fryon Park In New York City.

No designation. of " place to store it was given to him.

The MUSTOSEN prosport along with a vaccination cortificate and

& paper showing a

prior departure from the U.S. at Idlewild

Airport, New York City, were placed in a plastic, waterproof bag

and burled In a hole to the right of & flight of steps in Fort

Tryon Park.

The woke wis thon covered with a rock and a small

pebble was

placed on ton or this rock so that if you moved the

rock the pebble would ran ott asowing that the papers might

have been observed.

The hiding DIce I8 desCribed a3 LOLLOWE:

Intor Fort Tryon Park at the entrance located near Broadway

and the street loading to the tunnel entrance of 190th street.

Enter thru this entranee and follor a path north which parallelo

Brondway. You core to a paihary on vour loft. Take this to

a tork and take the left hind side of the lork. This path leads

to the top of a hill and you to up about forty steps.

steps are not altogether, but are in littlo groupa.

group, i lampost ts at the top ot the surll set of steps on

the raght hand side.

This Ianpoet In #9403.

hand side of shout the second, third of fourth step is the

"hiding place.

• Microdote

кастанья

The subject atated thas if he would receive a communication from

other purope or Nes York Cliy which communtention would use a

onion after the costine, it could indonte to bin that somo-

whore in that commiestion a microdot or micropoint in conoealed.

haine trained at the inteliigence.

school at Moscow, no ans aurined thut these mlerodoes or micro-

points should not be made any larger than one and one half to

two milinetors in unemator; howevor, he atated that in practice.

thoy sold him those microdote con bo made un large is three

milnetors in dimoter.

it ho reccives

# microdot, ho was

told 1o u0e a kodak i

Developer to dovelop the filn. The type

of communication used to enceal a microdos would hago to

be or Boto

thicknese such as a ponteard so that the papor;

could be slit in

Gue.

- 33-

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MI (100-13337

With regard

to finding tha microdot in the communication,

he

stated

that he would first run his fingers over the paper to

determine it ha could detect a slipht rise in the paper. Il

he could not find the michodot in this nethod, he stated that

he would ananine the pager for a logical hidlag place.

He said

that the most lonterl hiding place rould be where the conunica-

The technique used by the sender

be to siit the postcard at the point

insert dna microdot in between the

a11t paper and reseal 1t.

The sender would also scrape a little

of the paper arry to makes bed for the dot. The microdot

should be inserted at least one-hall lnch into the postcard.

If he could not lind the microdot by either of these methods,

he would take

the entire communication and drop it into the

Kodak 73 Developer.

This would cause the micropoint to turn

black and thus emble him to perhaps detect it with hig eye.

With regard to reading the contents of the nicropoint, he stated

that d

twenty power meallying class would be strong enough to

road the micropoint, if it had been written in large type.

He stated thit he could unke his orn magnitying glass with the

use of a ten pover vegniiying class and an eight povor magnifying

glass.

He stated that he would form & cardboard tube and would

insert the ton power maullying glar in the lover portion of

"the tube and the eight power menilying glans in the uppor

portion or the tube.

He would thon adjust the magnifying glasses

with relation to euch other within the tube. The micropoint

would be placed on

a piece of glass and covered with snother

pioco of plass and hy the use at a mirror he would ghine 11ght

up throuch the micropoent.

Daylight could be used for this

light.

THE MANNLIVING GIRTBOS

would then have to be adjusted

main belation to the nicropoint.

After sove experiment he

stated thnt It le pousble to find the anast distance between

the too mignleying

Manesen and the micropolat.

two pleced of alast which contain the micropoint batween then

In a book no that the micropoint pintrudes from the book, it

1n posalble do permanently ascertain the exact location of 1h0

merpoint by noting the piro of the book, and 1a a 31m11ar

manner the magnliying glarses with the cardboard tube can be

miked for future use.

SECRET

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-SECRET

100-13337

tenT

GiveN Him lO CarEs Prior to Ris Departure

Selectiva Servico Resintration Certificite in the name of

KAARLO RUDOLPH THOMA, 3530 Decatur Avenue!

Bronx,

New York.

Registration show as October 16, 1941 at LDB #126, N.Y.,

N.X.

deo.

selective

HOrVIN®

classifiertion card in the above name,

classified SA on August 18, 1954 by LDB

126₽

Fast

shou Prriway, Brons, New York.-

3.

NYS DrIver! license 14524844 dated September 30,

1957 in

MON ON KAARIOR. TOONI, 805

Haven Ave., N.Y. 33, N.Y.

Photograph (wellet sire or young boy

6 or 7 years

tuak oil unote shov stan "Neva der antod August 1,

8ge.

1,946

Novinde Photo Service (Trop).

Б.

mallot sire photo of tro photos taten lu liani Bouch (Prop).

Funinons curd Misst negor t0, 120s. inta Stroot,

GR 102891,

Aritten in ink ou book "BerlInor - 154 4th

Are."

The mater he did not mite this and does not know

Ite signaticanee).

Business

aards (2) Toppy hugge Shop, 2429 Broadway,

N. Top TR B=9780,

Eusindas ourd Mugys, 'Hotold Square, NYC, YEE ZBOROWSKI,

Men'o Clothing. .

Business card Pokert Mall Clothes, 314M. 40th St., N.Y.

100

usiness eord loser Kept, 1851, 57th St., NYC, MILON

DItorE, Anaistant Manager.

11.

tainees card villianG. Lemon & Conpuny Ltd, Hous

Equipmont,

$19 Madison Avenue, NYC, W. C. LEMMON in corner.

sto.

mainess cord Torny chess Cosino, 10sy t. Boston Post ka.

Hanrengek; N.Te: MA=90406.

Card stanped in rod Overs 8:0406.

13.

1958 wallet sino

calendar fron Mecuey's Ine.

223

M. B4tt.

8t. NYC.

Cortilled copy of Lirth AlA% Iron Huquette Co.,

Michigan

ShowIng bIrtH Of KANKLO EGOLPH TUOMI born Novenbor 30, 1916

at lebpear, Monteen doted Amunry 3, 1952 and siened

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105

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MI 100-13337

THOMAS F. PATtON,

aputy, This copy shows received for

record December 7, 1916 and recorded in Llber 7, page 467.

15.

Lotter frow Rock High School, Ruck, Michigan, dated

Mune 3, 1917 frow MROBO. R.

WETNGARDNER, Principal,

stating

KAARLO TVON! sitended this school, from 1922 to 1932.

10.

Letter fron Waukee Encinosring Company, 5138 North 35th

street,

Milwaukee 9, Kincousin, dated May 19, 1953 gigned

ROBERT C. ONAN StaGinE KAARLO TIONI employed there January 15,

1948 t May 2, 1953,

17.

Lotter from General Elrctrie Conpany, 4855 Electrie Avenue,

MiLwauKeE,

Wisconsin, dated October 12, 1956 signed GERALD

E. WEXXON

stating.

• KAARLO TUOMI wad employed August, 1953

to detober, 1956,

18.

Huled notebook moout six by tou inches wich picture or

MARITA KINDAHA:

MInG worLd LIni, on cover, Last sheet oi

which hund

secret griling but first shoot left.

•19.

Sheets of loose typing paper, chemically treated for

secret writing.

Bottle of 96 per cont alephol for preparing ralsing formula.

Containor marked

Relat-Caps containing capsules used in

I'MAGING LONIULA.

22.

Container of Phillips Milk of Magnesia Tablets used 1a

rA1s1u5 formula.

23. HIde-A-Key mghelle container.

24. Brass colored key

spartment house

type) with "Reading"

on one sive

JOIN 2744 Kroadway.

(Prop)

Brass Company Key (Apartment

house type) with Franklin Lock and

Hardmare Co, on one side and PYCRD on the other side. (Prop)

26.

Brass colored key round head type) with " Natlonal koy,

cler p." on one side and yi on the other side, '(Prop)

27. Three new Manhatton Shirta (White)

21. MAll of theater siub from Yonkers, N.Y. (to be used as prop)

..117-

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SECRET

MI 100-13337

Misestlanaous

The subject sited that with recant to secret writing he might

use advertising

tant to hin from various companies in the United

States and would writh on the back of this advertising. He stated

that it would be cablicly sonsible

that soviet intelligence in

Russia

would @nlsrata.In type ot advertising exactly and

mighi use thin rapiy to bag letters.

tha rovertising letters

would be changad after a number ot uses.

Although he had ban adwined by soviet intelligence to destroy

all letters tronoved by him throuch burning, he determined that

such a procedure loll the smell at noke in his hotel roon for

.too long a porers el time and since he did not snoke hinself,

he questioned the mindon ot this procedure. He, therefore,

dotormined that the harl may to destroy connunications received

Iron his superiors was la upar the communication in snall pleces,

BoAk the proces therenchly in wher and then flush them 10. the

toilet.

he sinted that his saneriors in Morcoy expost to hour from him

He adwised that he han been nold by the Soviets up until April 29,

"EDWARDS,

of six months at ite ruin or 5054.00 per sonth..

He said that

on'April 20, 1900 it May Fo

"nirmly possible that they will

pend tha 1800, 00 whird they promised to him for the purchase of

# uSed autonObiLe.

The Subject stated thatna telephonas are to be used in any of

his connets, had liat he would 5avd eat anyone who tried

to make armorent t0rd need ovor the phone. he adulaed that

as soon as he ln toroneraly located in New York, and that ho

LOOlS tHAL Le IN LI:E, MA COPLANS WIll LUrRIoh him With A

code book which an did sancte

This code book will do away

With the time coneuning method

me lan unon with oodlag

portions of his soonet ceisac0y and dcoding.

FAMILY

In June, 1004, and that the prountly in employed by the Miniatry

01 FIsheriet an o

crane aprinton in the construction of buildingo.

NW 55080 DocId: 32989537 Page 107

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MI

100-13337

She resides 1h Arkhangeleke which is a port on the white sea.

Her husband, whom Subjia has never met, is employediin the

sano trade at the game location.

he statod that his wile, nora, rorks in a men's clothing

factory at Kirov which lastory also makes some vomen's clothes.

He stated that she had boon employed there for nineteen years

and holds a porition similar to that of & dispatch clerk in the'

outgoing shipping department.

she obtains the finished product

and sande it m lo its dortination.

sue works from 9:00 a.J.

to 6:00 p.m.

and gert a thrse-woeks" vacation period. She

550 rubles per month as her salary.

BeBides his wife ANTONIA, he hAs & On VICTOR, who was born in

1947, a daughter IRANA born in 1951 and a daughter NADEADHA WAO

was born in 1953.

→ ra 74944446

The following inscribion if subtect was obtained through

Interviow and

corporal ibceraticus of the Intorviewing agents:

Birth Patr

71/30/16 -

inpeming,

Michigan

Rece

Sex

1alpht

Watchib

Tiedr

'1i,te

Mate

5•10"

182

Irown • thin in front - receding

on 31408

L17¢

50740r? 37

FA1.7

Chocky

Ir. Ionention upper right cheek.

ipper and lover platoo uning

open right front two-tone

riprat-gold tooth as attachment

and Hold lower front tooth as

blochmonts weare dark horn rim

rInnses; proct posture; walks fast

with plodding salt

11194

SECRET

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SECRET

GUNSON

ESP - R

Gunson is code name for a Soviet Military Intelli-

gence (GRU) illegal identified in September, 1961, utilizing

the identity of Richard Earl Hauta.

Subject was identified

as the result of the Sam Survey program which was a program

whereby Special Agents reviewed air mail directed to specific

European cities and countries with the object of identifying

correspondence of Soviet illegal agents.

In septender,

1961,

subject became a prime suspect as a Soviet illegal utilizing

an accommodation address in Helsinki, Finland.

Background investigation disclosed that Richard

Earl Hauta was born 11/21/26 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His

father was listed as Axel Hauta who was born 2/26/03 Brantwood,

Wisconsin, and his mother, Adi Hauta was born 10/12/05 in

Clifford,

Wisconsin.

The Hauta family obtained passports to

travel to Finland in 1931. A review of State Department

records revealed that during the middle 1940's the Hauta

family was in the Soviet Union and there was no record

in State Department files to indicate the return of Mr. or

Mrs. Hauta or the son, Richard Earl to the United States.

He was employed as a photographer by Roberts Studio,

3072 Steinway Street, New York, New York, since May, 1959,

and resided at 1703 Montgomery, Bronx, New York. Investigation

pointed out discrepancies in Hauta's documentation and an

FBI Laboratory examination of a letter directed to

Hauta established that the letter was typed on the same

typewriter utilized in sending communications to the subject

of the karot case, a GRU illegal who cooperated as a double

agent with the FBI from May, 1959 until 1964.

In view of the successful results of the Karot

case, the subject was interviewed and cooperated with the

FBI as a double agent until his departure from the United States

on May 16, 1962.

Subject was interviewed from 9:30 a.m. 10/16/61

until noon 10/22/61 under secure conditions when he was

released and proceeded unaccompanied to his residence in

, New York. Subject admitted he was Leonard Vassilevitch

Lebedinsky, born on 1/20/25 at Kotovsk, Odessa, Ukraintan

Soviet Socialist Republic, he advised he had been recruited

Classified by 361l

Exempt from CDS, Category 2+3.

Date of Declassitication Indefinite

62-116-315-1011

HM 33080 Dold: 32909337 Fage

109

SECRET

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into the Soviet Intelligence Service in 1955 and began his

training as an illegal in the GRU in an apartment in Moscow

at that time. Subject furnished complete information pertaining

to his training and assignments in the United States, the

methods of communications and identified two other Soviet

illegals with whom he had been in contact with in the

United States.

He advised his assignment related to the

development of information concerning naval operations, the

Berlin situation and any mobilization plans under way in the

United States.

Subject cooperated as a double agent until he

departed to the Soviet Union in May, 1962, in accordance with

instructions from Centre on anticipated home leave with the

expectation he would return to the United States. To this

date he has never returned.

An analysis of other activities

pertaining to this case indicates that subject

would not be

returning to the United states.

In view of the fact that subject cooperated with

the FBI, returned to the Soviet Union, and

exact whereabouts

are not known at this time, this information should be closely

held so as not to effect the security of the subject.

- 2-

SECRET

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## Page 111

OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

"Memorandum

/то

MR. W. C. SULLIVAN

FROM :

MR.

D

E. MOORE

SUBJECT:

GUNSON®

ESPIONAGE - R.

SECRET

,09

DATE: September 29. 19615

Subject is the Soviet

illegal agent uncovered in New York

on 9-3-61 as a result of highly confidential airmail coverage.

In-

vestigation has determined he is using the identity of an individual

born in Milwaukee who went to the Soviet Union with his parents at

an early age.

ASAC Schmit, NYO, advised on 9-29-61 that a letter has been

intercepted today addressed to the subiect. This letter was typed on

the same typewriter utilized in sending communications to the Soviet

illegal agent who is our informant in the KAROT case. In fact, a

letter prepared on this typewriter addressed to our informant was mailed

In NYC at 10:30 PM on 9-2761 and the letter to the subject was mailed

in NYC at 10:30 PM on 9-28-61.•

• The contents of the envelope addressed to subject were two

sheets of advertising material of the Gray Manufacturing Company,

High Fidelity Division. The lower right hand corner of each sheet

has been folded which, as we know from the KARCT case, means there

is secret vriting on

+ it on the bao or tho

the back of the paper. The paper is also folded

so that the blank side is on the inside in order to protect the secret.

writing.

ASAC Schmit said that NY was in favor of withholding this

letter from the subject and conducting an immediate interview of him

of the type conducted in the KAROT case. He said in the alternative

should it be decided the letter go through, New York still felt an

immediate

interview should be conducted. Schmit said this recom-

mendation' is based on the fact that in the two most

recent illegal

(the Soviet illegals in the HEKLAR and PEBBLE cases) they dis.

appeared shortly after receipt of a communication. He also based

this recommendation on the fact that the great advances we have made

in the illegal field were obtained as a result of the interview of

KAROT and the information obtained and being obtained crom bim on

continuing. basis:

He said

that

the manner in which the

Soviet illegal

SECRET

easified by 3662CUPl

Exempt from CDS, Category 2J3

Date of Declassilication Indefinite

NW 55080

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SECRET

V

MR. MOORE - MR. SULLIVAN

GUNSON: ESP-R

agents conduct themselves and the secure systems they have for com

munication make it extremely. unlikely that normal investigative

measures would provide information concerning the actual clandestine

activities.

He said that recognizing the extreme difficulties in

such an interview, he felt the interview should be conducted and he

felt the letter should be withheld from the subject to prevent any

possibility of it containing any instructions for him to disappear.

OBSERVATIONS:

Bed New York's position has merit and it may well be that

after subject receives the letter he may disappear, It is also true

that the great potential in one of these cases is in doubling the in-

dividual and this can only be accomplished through an interview.

Nevertheless, we have been extremely discreet in our investigation of

this subject

to date.

We are accumulating information about the in-

dividuals he is in touch with in New York and about his habits and

personality, all of which will be helpful should we subsequently

want to interview him.

We have been investigating him Less than &

month and we believe that additional time may enable us to obtain

more valuable information concerning him. We therefore feel that

we should permit the letter to go through and run the calculated risk

in hopes that at a subsequent time we will be better prepared to

conduct an interview or take any additional action warranted. It

fis recognized that a decision as to interview will probably be desir-

able within the near future.

day basis and in the event we feel an interview is warranted we will

submit appropriate recommendations.

ACTION:

After discussing this with you and Mr. Belmont, I tele-

phonically advised ASAC Schmit to very carefully get the letter back

No the sintate cha vet him that me de toteire do tate have

subject. I

I told him that we did not desire an interview based.

on the information available new, but we would be continually analyzing

I th

randal

prossed more.

SECRET

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SECRET

MR. MOORE - MR. SULLIVAN

GUNSON:

ESP-R

the results of investigation on a day to day basis and would welcome

additional recommendations or suggestions from the New York Of-

fice with regard to an interview based on developments as they occur.

- 3-.

SECRET

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OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10"

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum

TO

MR. M. C. SULLIVAN

FROM :

Mi. D. E. MOORE

siul

SECRET

DATE:

October 3, 1961

SUBJECT:

GUNSON.

ESPIONAGE =

R

My memorandum of 9-29-61 considered the interview of

subject, Soviet illegal agent in NYC and stated that while we

did not desire an interview based on the information available

now, we would be analyzing this case on a day-to-day, basis with

I regard to an interview of subject. The Director noted "I think

we should proceed now."

On Ï0-3-61 I contacted ASAC Schmit, New York, and ad-

vised him that the Bureau was desirous of New York proceeding

with an appropriate interview of subject. I told Schmit that

New York should acquire an appropriate site which could be utili-

zed for an interview of this type and which would be available

for the Length o1 time needed.

He was also told to promptly sub-

nit detailed plans with regard to how New York intended to approacl

subjects with regard to the personnel to be utilized for the

inter-

view, and with regard to the means and manner of notification to

people subject is in daily contact with to allay any suspicions on

their part.

While it is not known definitely how this would be

done, it may be desirable to at least notify his employer and his

landlord.

It was suggested to Schmit that since subject claims to

be from Milwaukee, it might be desirable in this regard to consider

a telegram from Milwaukee saying he was called out there suddenly

because of family, matters.

New York has been considering the possibility of interview

and has been checking into available sites for an intervrew and

Schmit advised that he would submit detailed plans to the Bureau

within the next few days.

ACTION:

For information. This matter is being closely oullwell-

- SECRET

Chasified by 36-16 PL

Exempt from CDS, Category, 2 t3.

•Date of Declassification Indefinite

NW 55080 DocId: 32989537

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## Page 115

FD-36 (Rev. 12-13-56)

Transmit the following in

Via

AIRTEL

SECRET

FBI

Date: 10/24/61

(Type, in plain text or code)

"Priority or Method of Mailit

TO:

DIRECTOR, FBI (65-65970)

FROM:

"SAC, NEW YORK (65-18163)

SUBJECT:

- GUNSON

ESP - R

At approximately 9:30 a.m. on 10/16/61, the

subject was initially approached for interview purposes.

The interview began at approximately noon on this same

date in a secure location.

The activity up to this

point had

proceeded completely without incident.

There follows a summary of the information related

during

the interview from 10/16/61 to 10/22/61.

First Legend

The subject began his first legend stating

that his name was RICHARD HAUTA and that his

parents

were born in Finland, both inmigrating to the US.

He

himself was born in the Us and in the early thirties

his lamily returned with him to Finland. He was an

only chila. They resided tirst in Helsinki and then

in Tampere. In 1939 they moved to Vilturi, Finlana.

5 - Bureau (65-65970) RM)

2 - New York (65-18163)

JPK: jak

(8)

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He attended private school in Finland taking English.

His father died in December, 1939 in Helsinki and he and

his mother decided to go to Sweden.

In 1942, they

proceeded to Sweden where, they lived in Stockholm.

Both were employed in Stockholm. In 1945 around the

a whe tockholm as a

end of the year his

mother who was a naturalized citizen,

applled for papers for the both of them to return to the

They proceeded to London and then to the Us, where

they returned in. May of 1946.

Upon arrival in, NYC,

they proceeded directly. to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where

they were both employed, his mother in a restaurant

and he in a photography studio. During this period he

also free-lanced in photography. In 1951, his mother

died in Milwaukee. Shortly before Christmas, 1951 he

proceeded to Chicago where he had various employments.

Around the second half of 1953 he proceeded to New York,

where he looked for a job, but had to return to Chicago

in about two or three weeks. He then stayed in Chicago

• I free-lancing in photography

until some time in 1956,

when he again decided to return to New. York.

Around

November of 1956, he returned to New York, where he

worked in a lumber yara and free-lanced in photography.

His first photographic employment in New York City was

in the spring of 1957 at the sore of HARRY FISHMAN at

261-263 Schermerhorn Street in Brooklyn.

He remained

here about two years buying into the business with

FISHMAN, FISHMAN holding out some of his salary for his

share of the business.

About March of 1959, he leit

FISHMAN and at this timéxmoved to an apartment house

located at 318 West 106th Street in New York.

stayed here for less than half a year and around March

or April of 1959, moved to 1703 Montgomery Avenue,

Bronx,

New York.

After he left the FISHMAN employment

he went to Roberts Studio at 3072 Steinway Street,

Astoria, Long Island, where he is presently employed.

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True Story

When it became apparent to the subject that

his first legend was not convincing and after some

deliberation on his part and through the persuasive

efforts of Bureau personnel in answering his spoken

and unspoken questions, he agreed to tell his true

story.

• Personal Background

He provided his complete true identity and

stated that he was born on 1/20/25,. at Kotousk, Odessa,

Ukrainian soviet Socialists Republic.

when he was about 22,years of age and he continued

living with his mother, in this area until 1941.

the war started they moved to Rostov on Don and then

• 1 to stalingrad. In 1942,

remained in the Army until 1950 when he was demobilizec

with the rank of Senior Sergeant. From 1950 until he

graduated in 1955 he attended the Military

Institute

of Foreign Language in Moscow, where he majored in English.

When he graduated in 1955, he was approached by a colonel

DMITRIEV and he was

recruited into the intelligence service.

Intelligence Training

In September, 1955, he began his intelligence

training in an apartment in Moscow.

He was the only

student and the teachers who were on a regular schedule,

appeared at his apartment where he studied such subjects as

Marxism-Leninism, English language, and intelligence

subjects, Including radio, photography, invisible writing,

obtaining hiding places, and so forth.

This training lasted until the beginning of March,

1956, at which time he was sent to a town behind the Urals

called Omsk, where he

stayed five or six weeks receiving radio

communications and practicing obtaining military information.

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When he returned he had to write a report on his

activities there and

what information he had obtained.

European Training Trip

About October, 1956, he was given an

American passport and sent through Berlin to tour

Europe. During this time he travelled to Hamburg,

Germany, Stockholm, Sweden, Helsinki, Finland,

Copenhagen, Denmark, Paris, France, Geneva, Switzerland,

Frankfurt and Berlin Germany.

:

The American passport under which he travelled

was in the name of RICHARD HAWTHORNE.

While in Geneva, he received about $500.00

in American currency since he had run short of funds

because of this trip. i

The purpose of this trip was to acquaint him

with life in the West, how people walk, ate, talkea, livea,

and so on. He saw many American movies and read American

newspapers. He was to find out how his documents were

checked in each place and the best places to stay.

reported to Moscow by secret writing message and

He

instructions by radio about once a week.

received

About April, 1957, he returned to Moscow to

the same apartment he had previously utilized. He wrote

reports on his trip and these reports were analyzed.

'Prior to leaving on this trip he had been

provided with two check points, one in Hamburg, Germany,

and one in Paris, france, and told the date, place, and

hour he was to pass these check points.

Second Half of Intelligence Schooling

in Moscow

After he had arrived back in Moscow and turred

in his reports, he was given a vacation and in July of 1957

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resumed his classwork.

¿ At this time he met his case

officer, one YURY VLADIMIROVICH, who had previously

been in

the US in a legal capacity.

He was given documents for his documentation

as RICHARD' HAUTA, among which was the original birth

certificate for HAUTA US.

At this time he worked out his

legend for use in the

About June of 1958, he went on vacation.

returning to Moscow in July of 1958, and at this time

began waiting to enter the US. He was supplied with an

American passport in the name of ROBERT SHULLER, a

driver's license, social security card, and medical

certificate in this identity to backstop this penetration

legend. He also received a

sum of American currency.

Original Entry In the US

On September 8, 1958, he left Moscow flying to

Amsterdam, then to Copenhagen, Brussels, Paris, Amsterdam

again ana then via sas Airlines to Montreal, Canada. He

arrived in Montreal about September 21 or 22, 1958,

and remained there one month.

While in Canada he proceeded

to Ottawa upon receipt of instructions and met an

individual who handed him an additional $2,500.00 in

American currency so that he had about $4,000.00 cash

at this time.

He came to New York by train about 10/19 or 20/58,

staying at the Dixie Hotel, New York City, as he had been

instructed to do.

He then

proceeded by train to Chicago

!

and Milwaukee, and returned to New York in November,

1950, where he registered for the first time as RICHARD

HAUTA at the Madison Square Hotel, destroying all the

SHULLER documents by burning them.

="*"

MAN 201.

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Legalization in New York City

Upon arrival in New York City at this time

he opened a savings

account, took driving lessons,

and enrolled in the New York Institute of Photography.

Around the

end of 1958, he moved to the Arlington Hotel

st in New York City, then moved before Christmas to 310

West 106th Street and in March, 1959, moved to 1703

Montgomery Avenue,, where he presently resides..

Use of Drops in New York City

He had been. provided with two drops or

hiding places, one under the code name "Ted"

and

one under the code name. ''Eugene"

He proceeded to

these drops by adding seven days

to any figure mentioned

in the text of a letter received and not the date of

the letter. He was paid through arops twice in the US,

• I both times utilizing the "Ted' drop.

The hiding place known as "Ted" was located

under a bridge in Bronx Park

near Allerton Avenue,

and the hiding place

"Eugene" wa's located in Englewood,

New Jersey, vincs the Undercliff Picnic Area in a section

of steps.

He had a signal area located on a bridge on 180th

Street in the Bronx, where he made a white chalk mark to

signal the clearance of the drop.

Written Communications

received

He stated that he had/many communications in

invisible writing from them while in the US and in turn

had addressed communications in invisible writing to

two addresses located in Europe.

He utilized counterfeit

Bromo Quinine and Amitone tablets to develop their

secret writing. With regard to the written communications..

back and forth he advised that his code name was BARTON -

and that he wrote about once a month to them. He reported

his arrival, his legalization attempts, and other miscellaneous

information.

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Soon after Christmas in 1959 they addressed

to him several letters concerning a future meeting

sometime later in the year 1960.

He was provided with

thedescription of the person to be met, the signals of

the meeting place, the purpose, and so forth.

parole was also provided for this meeting.

The

person tomet did not appear at the first

meeting place

and the second meeting was scheauled for April 30,

1960, and at this time he met an individual using the

• Identity of HELEN CICHY.

The communications for the remainder of 1960

discussed various problems with HELEN and the results of

their working relationship.

He sent about six letters between

January and september of 1901, which were detailed, but

routine.

He in turn turing this period received instructions

to concentrate on certain targets regarding naval matters

jand the navy base in NiC.

HELEN CICHY

He first met this individual at a prearranged

meeting place in Queens, New York on April 30, 1960. She

had been sent here like

him and he was to be her superior.

She was a radio operator and he was to help her set up an

apartment with a transmitter and a receiver working in close

contact with her. She had previously worked as an illegal

agent in Canada and had been called from there in 1957

and trained on a new transmitter. She was then dispatched

at some later date to the US, where she continued using

the identity of HELEN CICHY. She was employed as a beautician

for Révon Cosmetics in NYC. In July, 1960, they obtained an

apartment on Greystone Avenue in the Riverdale section of

the Bronx. She reported several strange instances which

she thought reflected that she had been compromised.

received instructions to investigate this.

He found her as

a nervous, high strung individual, but since he believea

- ?=

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her back. He received an order to evacuate her and

organize her departure from NYC.

She proceeded to

Montreal by train and thence by plane to Paris, and then

on to Moscow.

He later heard she arrived in Moscow

safely and she later sent her regards.

HELEN had only a receiver and they never dia

get to the point of utilizing a transmitter.

After she had returned

to the

letter from the Centre

asking him some questions about

HELEN's behavior. Her code name was RAYA.

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GLEN MARERRO

GLEN MARERRO 1s a civilian employee of Soviet

Military Intelligence operating in New York City at the

present time as a Soviet illegal agent. He stated that he

is her superior.

She had previously served in Spain

during the Spanish Civil War and then served in a Soviet

legal establishment in Bogata, Colombia.

in the United States sometime in 1953 or 1954, attended a

beautician's vocational school and operates under the

cover of a cosmetologist.

She operates a conspirative

apartment at 3034 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY, Apartment 2A,

phone number CY 5-2811. This apartment is operated for

the clandestine benefit of the Soviet Military Intelligence

Service.

About February, 1959, he received orders

to find this woman, meet her, help her to pay her taxes,

and, to find and establish a conspirative apartment. He

to supply her with money, code book, etcetera, and

• be her. superior.

She had been previously run by another

individual who had the code name of JEROME.

Her legend consists of that of a child of

a mixed marriage, of a British woman and a Spanish man

and she was to have been born in Key West, Florida.

Upon arriving in the United States, she went to the

ani. ora Beauty Academy where she began studying about

1955. In 1900, she obtained a legitimateypassport under

the MARERRO identity. She has

an accommodation

address and her secret writing

system utilizes pencil lead as a developer.

They have pre-arranged meeting places so

that a rather innocuous phone call on his part would

signal her to go to the pre-arranged meeting place.

She had been married prior to her assign-

ment in the United States, but is presently divorced

from her husband in the Soviet Union.

19-

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• She is about 53 years of age at the present

time and her main task in New York City is the running

of the conspirative apartment although she has other

assignments to cultivate friends in an effort to get

information relative to naval matters.

Colonel FRANCES

He advised that just prior to his departure

for the United States in 1958, he met an individual in

MOscOW,

who was

introduced to

him as Colonel JANE Or ..

FRANCES.

She had served in an illegal capacity in the

United States for about 18 years and had probably just

returned to the Soviet Union upon completion of this

.

assignment about ten days prior to the time he met her.

She had worked in an administrative or executive

She was introduced to him by a General in the GRU

and she was very highly regarded by all who knew her.

She spent the first two or three years of

her assignment in the United States in the New York

Metropolitan area, then being assigned to the West Coast

for four or five years, probably in San Francisco.

She

thereafter returned to New York where she spent the

remainder of her assignment in an illegal capacity.

She gave him some idea of life in America

and answered his questions regarding his future role

in the United 'States.

Radio Reception

He was instructed to obtain a short-wave

radio and to receive broadcasts approximately once a

month. During the period of time that HELEN worked as

his radio operator she received his broadcasts.

___ It should be noted that detailed

- information regarding his radio, code and secret writing

process has been provided to representatives of the FBI

Laboratory directly by him.

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MISCELLANEOUS

Extent of Illegal Agent Activity in the United States

He had been advised that in the central

sections of the United States, it is sometimes very

aifficult to obtain good radio reception.

He further

advised that it was his opinion that it used to be

customary for all GRU illegals sent to the United States

to initially start in New York City and become acclimated.

7 Kank city

He advised that it has now changed and that it is

possible they are sent to other large cities during

On one occasion, one of his instructors

commented that it was necessary to send people to areas

• other than New York because "New York is becoming over-

crowded with our people"

• •He had no idea as to the

number of illegals who might be stationed in the United

States.

He did state, however, that he felt that the

Kgb had a greater number than the GRU.

He advised that during his: training he

was told that during the TRUMAN Administration in the

United States, they had a highly placed source who was

able to provide them with high level decisions made

at the White House level.

Moscow within the 36 hours after being made. The

Soviets in turn were able to bring pressure to bear at

a high White House level in an effort to counteract

the benefits of some of these decisions. He could not

elucidate further on this.

Info Re GRU, KGB

He felt that the KGB obtained most of

its applicants for illegal work from the universities

and

that they also obtained people attached to official

establishments in English speaking countries although

he did not believe they would be from canada or the

United States

Itself.

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• He advised that the GRU did not permit

people who would be working together in the United States

to meet and train in the Soviet Union,

but that the KGB

does follow this procedure.

He believed that a number of

KGB illegals were selected from persons attached to

legal establishments and

that some GRU illegals were

selected in this matter.

He stated that he believes that the KGB

would train

their illegals to accomplish specific

objectives whereas the GRU trains its people to operate

as illegals anywhere and in any capacity.

more flexible and feel that as

a result they have the

better intelligence system.

+++6-66-9879689859T8 T

"..

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Materials Recovered that were

in the Subject's Possession

Among the various articles recovered from the

subject's apartment were the following:

A Royal typewriter

A NC-66 short-wave radio

A Kodak film pack with the handwritten notation

Do Not Open Unexposed Film, containing $3,040.00 in 10

dollar bills which had been in a tightly wrapped package.

Counterfeit Bromo Quinine and Amitone tablets

used for the development of

secret writing. These consisted

of both a new and an outdated set.

Transier papers

preparation oi secret writing.

both new and outmoded, used for the

The original birth certificate of RICHARD HAUTA.

• A counterfeit Selective Service classification cara.

A typewritten document proclaiming that RICHARD

HAUTA had attended Stuyvesant High School.

An envelope containing the communication from his

superiors postmarked 9/28/01.

Various personal documents.

Located in a magnetic container which had been

secreted underneath the refigerator in his apartment, was

located the following:

$2,540.00 in 20 dollar bills

An American passport in the name EDWIN HAROLD

JOHNSON.

An international certificate of vaccination in

the same identity.

**=*

• ....

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In•a zipper compartment inside of his belt

which he was wearing on his person was $100.00 in

20 dollar bills.

*As the Bureau can readily appreciate the foregoing

supplied by him to date. Detailed information regarding

all information supplied by the subject will be provided

to the Bureau as soon as possible.

..-.

СЛУС ПІОГІІІЕЙШЕВН

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GLEME

ESP - R

Gleme is code name for a Soviet Military Intelli-

gence (GRU) female illegal identified as Maria Dobrova.

In October, 196l, as a result of disclosures made by the

subject of

the Gunson case, a Soviet illegal who was inter-

viewed in Oxtober, 1961, and cooperated as a double agent.

Subject of Gunson

case advised the subject had been in the

United States since 1954 utilizing the identity of Glenn

Marrero, date of birth 7/27/12, Key West, Florida, with

the original task to set up and maintain a conspiratorial

apartment to be utilized by illegals.

Investigation determined subject was in fact

Maria Dubrova, date of birth 1/18/0%, Misk, Russia, and her

activities received intensive discreet coverage.

In view of other counterintelligence activity

(a defection approach) and indication that the subject

would be returning to the USSR in April, 1963, decision

was made to interview the subject in

an effort to obtain

all information that she possessed relative to her activities

with the Soviet Intelligence Service.

Subject was interviewed 12:20 p.m. 4/9/63 at her

apartment, Bronx, New York, until 12:40 a.m. 4/10/63. At

1:00 p.m.

4/10/63, subject was accompanied from her

apartment to the Summit Lodge, Bear Mountain Inn, Bear Mountain,

New York, where she was interviewed until 5:25 p.m. 4/12/63

when she was released in the vicinity of her residence, Bronx,

New York,

During the course of the interview subject admitted

she had entered Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU) in 1952

and furnished the facts concerning her training in intelligence

and her intelligence assignment in this country but withheld

any data which she feared would identify her fellow soviets.

Subject was personally contacted on 4/15-16/63 and

arrangements were made to meet on 4/18/63g

She was found

dead in her apartment in the Bronx by New York Police on

4/19/63, an autopsy showed she died of an overdose of

barbiturates.

Clastied by 367EPL

Exempi from GDS, Category 2+3-

Date oi Declassification Indefinite

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ME. F. C. BULLIVAN

April

S,

2963

__LICIZENAL BACUNITY - RUSSIA

by monorandun oi 4og-63 sevised os our approach to subject,

Deputy Chies at the diy (bortet military Intelligenes) in Ken Tors

and of his rerusal to cooperado.

He voro able to take to aubjoct

AaLs foE approxinadely Cventy dive minutes on tho creanx 1 ÷5

ADO AS AgRiS TOILETE tO cooperate ad Ludicatlone ars that ne bas

not reported tos approach.

ability us intervientos cho senale ilogal agoat la tho GliAs case

and posalble actica as

• rOsulE oL this saterrier.

In conatoring the approach to Maclenolkor no anticipatod

te would

(1)

cooperate or (2) ruince to cooperate and report the ja-

HE DONG DOINGE RED DEDAZONELY DAE COAC CO THE CO

Cils1on

that

because o. hin loyalty to the

Goriot Union be caract

cooperate and that he cannot report toe npproach as to do to sould

juring the socoad contace so the eventag of so,

daslonaitor advised ine interytorin, gent

that ad desirad ho sorid

sarange to roturn to the soviet fator insedicioty and aot retum to

the lalted

stater

Butyect

intreated

that he chand not ccoperate

with us and he ranaried that his paronto sere podsasts and that tne

borlet coverment has aducated hia nad brougnt biu to his prosest po.

B110N 14 1115 73

no theretora cranoe

EXHILOT.

AVO, adrisod the cor Tors effice 15 of

the

unpression that soniesntio.

LICEANE AODEDAC005

Hold not bo

fruitiut but could cuiy possibly drive

ides

the

opponen aad thie, abile it vould probably nuts ancienalker*e cares.

he priginally concenplated, i1 Macleandhor refused to co-

illegal

In the blond Cass and vow uri

recoaconds that we prodeod with

intursion at the prodont tine.

and doing sayius. We would Do in & position to cutain ai

natien the

DOSSORIS B0d

eabsegsent.s

capi+alize

pubiloity

on her des action.

DEMita (0)

•Classified by 3616'FL

Exempt from GDS, Category.

2÷3

Date of Declassitication Indofinite

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WIN. NOCRE • ME. SULAIVAN

PETE ECONOVICH MASK UNHINOY

IN2. SECONITY - INGOIA

Asat Schnlt advised thet in the event she dous aet eo

oporate, Non York Feccusenis that

he sade to icave

itenedlately.

• the country

he ron she contonplates leaving the U.s. wichla the

near jatare

and ass 2 U.S. paseport for sala purpose.

Ken for

believes thee sho

should, it noscooperatire, be nore or less er

cartad ost ct the

BEates.

Under these circustasces, nü

would sot reveal our contact with tho remalo illoral arent or the

AnIortation 59

20Ss0ss concarning

hat.

Now Tort reacnaends tbis

forsatios concorning

CiA 131024i

agent fron our infomant in the

GUNSON

case (roviet illagal agout

wao cooperated sith us ad

¿urned is the cortet Vason in iny. 28oa)

PROTECT SENSITIVE JOURCE

How voit has alda considared the pocsibility o1 proceeding

against subject undes varloss violations such sa falsely clalaing

citizeaship, parsport fraud, an aiion illogally in the d.s. et cetera,

but again deols that during

pronecution we sonid not be able to con-

trol the anouat on injoraasion diselosed and the end seaule sight be

possibly corprosising of our unluchle interanto and diacienure of

intomation in the soviets which roule oilsot the value of prosecutisa

Sad tS rESultinE pUbliCity

Since the subject has not roporsed our aporcaches to his o

of course, can roconsider our original position and not intervier te

Foule 1ilogad spent at 11l.

WE KICE

3he 15 asparzine 1d Los

Innediate luture and au intervier soy prose of value.

Ken Fort has amlyzed this natter

caresully both

Iron an in

talligenco and s prosscutive view poiat and

interests of the country and the

monid be

best served by arie

ing is reconserdod by 3st York.

Tisis nond seas that the lateria.

with the icle tilegal agone.

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AL. MOORE • IN. BURLIVAS

PETE ECCROVICH ASSLENSIROT

ExCLAIrE - LUSSIA

tornation and etouat in danuglog paolicity to the Soviet 8n8 1ì

could aake sure she loaves the United States na

out actions in as dains sould undoubtodly provo disconcesting to

the sorioto as they world not oapect us to proceed la such a waa

AGETON

Il sou apurere,

Nes fork sill be authorized se ar ahead

with the Intorvion of the Escale alleged ayont under the heregoing

Best.

-.-..-..

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.. 13

SECRET

OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10

UNITED STATES GOVERI

-ENT

Memorandum

'TO

MR. SULLIVANUEE

FROM :

MR. BRAISEAN

SUBJECT:

GLENE

ESPIONAGE - R

!

DATE:

4-10-63

This case involves the Soviet female

illegal agent residing in New York City.

Attached is the menorandum which was

approved by the Director wherein it was

recommended that we connence the interrogation

of the Soviet illegal agent.

The interrogation was commenced by

Agents of our New York Office during the alternoon

of 4-9-63 and has been going on intermittently

since then. Of course,

she does not know that

the

Agents are connected with the rBl.

During the interrogation and as a

result of the search incidental thereto, we

have uncovered the following: 1.

Her one-time

Soviets.

Sopher ada

$4,000 given to her by the

Her secret writing material.

4. Her fraudulent American passport.

While she has made some admissions,

we have not yet been able to obtain a complete

statement from her concerning her training

and activities as an illegal Soviet agent.

It is believed that through intermittent

interrogation over a period of several days or

a week, we will get this information from her

and it should be most valuable. •

thef fore, proposed that we take

her to a sare house at. Bear ilountain where she-

Classified by 362le

Exempt from GDS, CategorY, 2+3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

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## Page 134

SECRET

MEMORANDUNI FOR MR. SULLIVAN

RE:

GLENE

She has expressed a willingness for

and her position as a Soviet agent, we are

In view of her illegal status in the Us

justified in taking this action.

Through intermittent interrogation

over a period of time, a fey days or a week as

has been done in the

past with other soviet

illegals,

we can anticipate getting her rul

Story

and this, as has been noted, should be

valuable to us.

If at the end of that time she is not

completely cooperative we can then consider

other alternative steps which can be taken.

for example, we can then consider

turning her over to the Soviet fission to the

United Nations (StUN), presenting her as one

of their lllegal agents uncovered in the us.

If they refuse to accept her

we might escort

her to a plane en route to the Soviet Union.

ut course

we would arrange to have photographs

taken of her when we present her to the SHUN

and photographs taken of her being placed aboard

operations i he is won vege terestings

story and could be very damaging to the soviets.

just which course of

at eYET depend upon developments during the

action we arrive

interview.

ACTION:

with the ab you astee, we will proceed in line

even i as nice

wes.

Via

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## Page 135

• OPTIONAL FORM NO. 10

UNITED STATES GOVERN ENT

Memorandum

SECRET

TO

:#. C. Sullivan

DATE: 4/12/63

FROM : V.

A. Branzsan

SUBJECT:

GLEME

ESPIONAGE - R

This case involves a Soviet female illegal agent in

New York City who has been under interrogation by New York Agents

since 4/9/63.

Our New York Office advises that subject ha furnished

the complete story of her life and activities here and from the

information previously available to us concerning her, it appears

that she is telling the truth.

New York Agents characterize her as a

very intelligent person with good educational background equivalent

to that of a Ph.D.

Prior to her intelligence activities she was in

the Soviet diplomatic service for a number of years and is very proud

of her service for the Soviets and for that reason she insists she

to the soviets dee

will never reveal to the Soviets her cooperation with us in order to

protect her career.

She advises she is scheduled to return to the Soviet Union

around May I and that she will continue her cooperation with us until

her return. Further, that if she ever comes back to this country or .

is given an assignment in another country, she is a potential to

cooperate in furnishing information.

In order to allay any suspicions on the part of the

Soviets of her cooperation and in order for her to keep certain

commitments with friends of hers in this country, it is believed

necessary she return to her apartment in the Bronx until her departure

for the Soviet Union. She has promised she will continue to meet

with New York Agents regularly until that time and cooperate fully.

New York Office strongly recommends that this be done.

In view of her cooperation and her promise to continue this

cooperation, it is believed desirable that she be returned to her

apartment at this time.

Clastied by 3676Ft

Exempt from CDS, Category 2t3

Date of Declassification Indefinite

SECRET

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## Page 136

SEGREI

Memorandum for Mr. Sullivan

Re: GLEME

65-67047

It is realized that there is a possibility she

could disappear, but it is felt this

a calculated

risk

we must take under the circumstances.

ACTION:

If you approve, New York will be instructed. to return

subject to her apartment

this afternoon. New York, of course,

will continue its contacts with her to

-elicit all

information

possible from her. New York is furnishing the Bureau complete

details of her disclosures to date and when received, we will

analyze anne and adried you of the perinent portions inever / Salie

wed.

41-13-63

---------

•!.:

SECRET

-2 -

..;.

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