claim: Birmingham is in France.
evidence: Macaulay 's method -LRB- the double integration method -RRB- is a technique used in structural analysis to determine the deflection of Euler-Bernoulli beams .. structural analysis. structural analysis. deflection. Deflection ( engineering ). Euler-Bernoulli beams. beam theory. Macaulay. William Herrick Macaulay. Use of Macaulay 's technique is very convenient for cases of discontinuous and / or discrete loading .. Macaulay. William Herrick Macaulay. Typically partial uniformly distributed loads -LRB- u.d.l. -RRB- and uniformly varying loads -LRB- u.v.l. -RRB- over the span and a number of concentrated loads are conveniently handled using this technique .. The first English language description of the method was by Macaulay .. Macaulay. William Herrick Macaulay. The actual approach appears to have been developed by Clebsch in 1862 .. Clebsch. Alfred Clebsch. Macaulay 's method has been generalized for Euler-Bernoulli beams with axial compression , to Timoshenko beams , to elastic foundations , and to problems in which the bending and shear stiffness changes discontinuously in a beam. Euler-Bernoulli beams. beam theory. Macaulay. William Herrick Macaulay. Timoshenko beams. Timoshenko beam theory