claim: Caleb McLaughlin is a Canadian.
evidence: The Battles of Wenden were a series of battles for control of the stronghold of Wenden -LRB- Cesis , Kiesia , Vonnu -RRB- , in present-day Latvia , fought during the Livonian War in 1577 and 1578 .. Livonian War. Livonian War. Cesis. Cesis. Latvia. Latvia. stronghold. stronghold. Wenden. Cesis. Magnus of Livonia besieged the town in August 1577 , but was deposed and replaced by Russian forces under tsar Ivan IV , who eventually sacked the town and castle in what became a symbolic victory .. Magnus of Livonia. Magnus, Duke of Holstein. Ivan IV. Ivan IV of Russia. castle. Cesis Castle. Magnus. Magnus, Duke of Holstein. Polish forces , however , re-captured the stronghold in November , and beat back a Russian counter-attack in February 1578 .. stronghold. stronghold. In October 1578 , the Russian army again laid siege to the town , but was destroyed by a smaller Swedish -- German -- Polish relief force .. siege. siege. This marked the turning point in the Livonian War , shifting the initiative from the Tsardom of Russia to Sweden and the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth .. Livonian War. Livonian War. Sweden. History of Sweden ( 1523–1611 ). Tsardom of Russia. Tsardom of Russia. It also marked the end of the Kingdom of Livonia , which collapsed when Magnus retired to Courland .. Kingdom of Livonia. Kingdom of Livonia. Magnus. Magnus, Duke of Holstein. Courland. Courland