claim: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is a former basketball player.
evidence: Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators .. evolution. evolution. prey. prey. predator. predator. Throughout the animal kingdom , adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle .. The first line of defence consists in avoiding detection , through mechanisms such as camouflage , living underground , or nocturnality .. camouflage. camouflage. Alternatively , prey animals may ward off attack , whether by advertising the presence of strong defences in aposematism , by mimicking animals which do possess such defences , by startling the attacker , by signalling to the predator that pursuit is not worthwhile , by distraction , by using defensive structures such as spines , and by living in a group .. prey. prey. predator. predator. aposematism. aposematism. mimicking. mimicry. startling. deimatic behaviour. signalling to the predator. signalling theory. distraction. distraction display. living in a group. social animal. Members of groups are at reduced risk of predation , despite the increased conspicuousness of a group , through improved vigilance , predator confusion , and the likelihood that the predator will attack some other individual .. predator. predator. reduced risk of predation. selfish herd theory. Some prey species are capable of fighting back against predators , whether with chemicals , through communal defence , or by ejecting noxious materials .. prey. prey. with chemicals. autohaemorrhaging. communal defence. Mobbing ( animal behavior ). Many animals can escape by fleeing rapidly , outrunning or outmanoeuvring their attacker .. Finally , some species are able to escape even when caught by sacrificing certain body parts  : crabs can shed a claw , while lizards can shed their tails , often distracting predators long enough to permit the prey to escape .. prey. prey. sacrificing certain body parts. autotomy