claim: To test the validity of procedures, research is used.
evidence: Charles-Ange Laisant -LRB- 1 November 1841 -- 5 May 1920 -RRB- , French politician and mathematician , was born at Indre , near Nantes on 1 November 1841 , and was educated at the Ecole Polytechnique as a military engineer .. Indre. Indre. French. France. Nantes. Nantes. Ecole Polytechnique. Ecole Polytechnique. He defended the fort of Issy at the Siege of Paris , and served in Corsica and in Algeria in 1873 .. Issy. Issy. Siege of Paris. Siege of Paris ( 1870–1871 ). Corsica. Corsica. Algeria. Algeria. In 1876 he resigned his commission to enter the Chamber as deputy for Nantes in the republican interest , and in 1879 he became director of the Le Petit Parisien .. Nantes. Nantes. Le Petit Parisien. Le Petit Parisien. For alleged libel on General Courtot de Cissey in this paper he was heavily fined .. libel. libel. General Courtot de Cissey. Ernest Courtot de Cissey. In the Chamber he spoke chiefly on army questions ; and was chairman of a commission appointed to consider army legislation , resigning in 1887 on the refusal of the Chamber to sanction the abolition of exemptions of any kind .. He then became an adherent of the revisionist policy of General Boulanger and a member of the League of Patriots .. General Boulanger. Georges Boulanger. League of Patriots. Ligue des Patriotes. Laisant published two political pamphlets , Pourquoi et comment je suis Boulangiste -LRB- 1887 -RRB- and L'Anarchie bourgeoise -LRB- 1887 -RRB- .. He was elected Boulangist deputy for the 18th Parisian arrondissement in 1889 .. 18th Parisian arrondissement. XVIIIe arrondissement