claim: Malta is officially non-religious.
evidence: Pandectists were German university legal scholars in the early 19th century who studied and taught Roman law as a model of what they called Konstruktionsjurisprudenz -LRB- conceptual jurisprudence -RRB- as codified in the Pandects of Justinian -LRB- Berman -RRB- .. Roman law. Roman law. Konstruktionsjurisprudenz. Konstruktionsjurisprudenz. conceptual jurisprudence. conceptual jurisprudence. Pandects. Pandects. Justinian. Justinian. Beginning in the mid-19th century , the Pandectists were attacked in arguments by noted jurists Julius Hermann von Kirchmann and Rudolf von Jhering who favored a modern approach of law as a practical means to an end -LRB- Weber -RRB- .. Julius Hermann von Kirchmann. Julius Hermann von Kirchmann. Rudolf von Jhering. Rudolf von Jhering. In the United States , Oliver Wendell Holmes , Jr. and other legal realists pushed for laws based on what judges and the courts actually did , rather than the historical and conceptual or academic law of Friedrich Carl von Savigny and the Pandectists -LRB- Rosenberg -RRB- .. Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Friedrich Carl von Savigny