mwirth-epo/epo-nmt-datasets huggingface dataset:
凸起158可以限定臂152的内边缘153的与内边缘153的其余部分相比稍微更靠近轴线151地延伸的部分。
Protrusion 158 can define a portion of inside edge 153 of arm 152 that extends somewhat closer to axis 151 than a remainder of inside edge 153.
可偏转突片156、狭槽160和开口162可以在凹入臂152的一部分中的切口164中形成。
Deflectable tab 156, slot 160, and opening 162 can be formed in a cutout 164 that is recessed in a portion of arm 152.
每组臂152、154还可以限定止挡表面168，在一个示例中，所述止挡表面168可以将臂152、154相连接。
Each set of arms 152, 154 can also define a stop surface 168 that, in an example, can connect arms 152, 154.
止挡表面168可以防止马蹄形件150的过度插入。
Stop surface 168 can prevent over-insertion of horseshoe 150.
马蹄形件150还可以包括手指抓握部分170，在一个示例中，所述手指抓握部分170在沿着轴线151的第一方向上以及基本垂直于轴线151的第二方向上呈拱形或弯曲。
Horseshoe 150 can further include a finger-grasping part 170 that, in an example, is domed or curved in a first direction along axis 151 and in a second direction substantially perpendicular to axis 151.
开口或孔172还可以延伸穿过手指抓握部分170。
An opening or bore 172 can also extend through finger-grasping part 170.
图7示出了附接至夹具凸头60和植入物10的压紧仪器90的半透视图。
FIG. 7 shows a semi-transparent view of compression instrument 90 attached to jig nose 60 and implant 10.
参考图1和图7，压紧仪器90可以首先通过将压紧柱120插入防旋转框架130中以使得压紧柱120的主体121位于第一和第二孔部分140、146内来组装。
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 7, compression instrument 90 can first be assembled by inserting compression post 120 into anti-rotation frame 130 so that body 121 of compression post 120 is situated within first and second bore parts 140, 146.
以此方式，压紧柱120的主体121的基本上平坦的部分128可以接触第二孔部分146的壁，所述第二孔部分146的壁在一个示例中可以是多边形的。
In this way, substantially-flat sections 128 of body 121 of compression post 120 can contact the walls of second bore part 146, which in an example can be polygon-shaped.
弯曲螺纹部分126可以可被旋转地设置在第一孔部分140内，所述第一孔部分140在一个示例中是圆柱形的。
Curved threaded sections 126 can be rotatably disposed within first bore part 140, which in an example is cylindrically-shaped.
然后，可以将销137插入压紧柱120的主体121中的开口129中并且将所述销137定位成在防旋转框架130的狭槽134(136)中行进。
A pin(s) 137 can then be inserted into opening(s) 129 in body 121 of compression post 120 and be positioned to ride in slot(s) 134 of anti-rotation frame 130.
随后，可以将压紧螺母100的圆柱形凸起108插入防旋转框架130的围绕压紧柱120的主体121的、圆柱形的第一孔部分140中。
Subsequently, cylindrical projection 108 of compression nut 100 can be inserted into cylindrical first bore part 140 of anti-rotation frame 130 around body 121 of compression post 120.
以此方式，压紧螺母100的内螺纹孔112可以接触压紧柱120的螺纹部分126，并且压紧螺母100可以在第一孔部分140内相对于防旋转框架130可旋转。
In this way, internal-threaded bore 112 of compression nut 100 can contact threaded sections 126 of compression post 120 and compression nut 100 can be rotatable relative to anti-rotation frame 130 within first bore part 140.
最后，可以将销135插入防旋转框架130的开口134中并且使所述销135被接收在凸起108中的沟槽110中，以使得压紧螺母100可相对于防旋转框架130旋转而不相对于防旋转框架130纵向移动。
Lastly, a pin(s) 135 can be inserted in opening(s) 134 of anti-rotation frame 130 and be received in groove 110 in projection 108 so that compression nut 100 can be rotated relative to anti-rotation frame 130 without moving longitudinally relative thereto.
组装后，压紧仪器90进而可通过将压紧柱120穿过夹具凸头60的内腔72插入并使防旋转框架130的支柱144与夹具凸头60的凹槽78相接合而与夹具凸头60相连接。
As assembled, compression instrument 90 can then connect with jig nose 60 by inserting compression post 120 through lumen 72 of jig nose 60 and engaging posts 144 of anti-rotation frame 130 with recesses 78 of jig nose 60.
同样，夹具凸头60可通过使夹具凸头60的凸起64与植入物10的切口或凹槽39相接触而被连接至植入物10。
Likewise, jig nose 60 can be connected to implant 10 by contacting protrusions 64 of jig nose 60 with cutouts or recesses 39 of implant 10.
在其他示例中，可以在夹具凸头60和植入物10之间建立旋转上和纵向上的可靠(积极)锁定，例如，可以通过螺纹连接、压配合连接、卡口连接或任何其他旋转上和纵向上的锁定连接来进行上述可靠锁定的建立。
In other examples, a positive lock, both rotationally and longitudinally, can be established between jig nose 60 and implant 10 as, for instance, can occur with a threaded connection, a press-fit connection, a bayonet connection, or any other rotationally and longitudinally-locked connection.
在这些示例和其他示例中，夹具凸头60和植入物10之间的锁定或解锁连接可以是可释放的。
In these and other examples, the locked or unlocked connection between jig nose 60 and implant 10 can be releasable.
现在将公开使用压紧仪器90穿过植入物10实现内部压紧的方法。
A method of using compression instrument 90 to achieve internal compression through implant 10 will now be disclosed.
然而，可以预期，植入物10可以是在身体的其他区域中使用的任何髓内植入物。
The method will be described with reference to implant 10 being an ankle arthrodesis nail. it is contemplated that implant 10 can be any intramedullary implant, however, used in other areas of the body.
例如，植入物10可以是股骨髓内钉、肱骨髓内钉、胫骨髓内钉，或在身体的其他长骨中使用的任何其他髓内钉。
For instance, implant 10 can be a femoral intramedullary nail, a humeral intramedullary nail, a tibial intramedullary nail, or any other intramedullary nail used in other long bones of the body.
在胫骨中用于踝关节融合仅仅是下面为了方便起见而描述的一个示例性指示。
Use in the tibia for ankle fusion is only one exemplary indication, which is described below for convenience.
首先，外科医生可以在患者的脚部(例如患者足底)中做出切口并使各种骨骼准备好接收植入物10。
First, a surgeon can make an incision in a patient's foot, for example the plantar aspect of a patient's foot, and prep the various bones to receive implant 10.
这可以包括钻出导孔和/或铰出足够尺寸的孔以接收植入物10。
This can involve drilling a pilot hole and/or reaming out a bore of a sufficient size to receive implant 10.
所铰出的孔可以延伸穿过患者的跟骨46、距骨44并延伸至胫骨40中足够的距离，以使植入物10可以留在孔中。
The reamed bore can extend through the patient's calcaneus 46, talus 44, and into tibia 40 a sufficient distance for implant 10 to reside in the bore.
然后，外科医生可以将植入物10插入孔中，以使得植入物10位于一个或多个骨骼(例如胫骨40)的髓管中。
The surgeon can then insert implant 10 into the bore so that implant 10 resides in the medullary canal of one or more bones, such as tibia 40.
在图9A-C中示出了最后插入跟骨46、距骨44和胫骨40中并利用各种骨螺钉固定到其上的植入物10的示例。
An example of implant 10 finally inserted into calcaneus 46, talus 44, and tibia 40 and secured thereto with various bone screws is shown in FIGS. 9A-C.
在植入物10已被插入跟骨46、距骨44和胫骨40中的情况下，骨螺钉54可以穿过植入物10的狭槽24插入距骨44中。
With implant 10 inserted into calcaneus 46, talus 44, and tibia 40, a bone screw 54 can be inserted into talus 44 through slot 24 of implant 10.
然后，一个或多个螺钉52可以穿过植入物10的开口14、16、18、20插入胫骨40中。
One or more screws 52 can then be inserted through openings 14, 16, 18, 20 of implant 10 and into tibia 40.
此时，将CoreLockTM装置插入植入物10内或预先设置在植入物10内，并且可以使用合适的仪器来平移所述CoreLockTM装置，以使螺钉54从狭槽24中的第一近侧位置平移至所述第一位置的远侧的第二位置。
At this point, a CoreLock™ device is either inserted into or is predisposed within implant 10, and can be translated using suitable instrumentation to cause translation of screw 54 from a first proximal position in slot 24 to second position that is distal of the first position.
这一平移可以在约两毫米至约十毫米(2-10mm)之间的任何地方，并且在一特定示例中可以是四毫米(4mm)，并且可以引起胫骨-距骨关节的压紧。
Such translation can be anywhere between about two millimeters to about ten millimeters (2-10 mm), and in a specific example four millimeters (4 mm), and can cause compression of the tibio-talar joint.
更具体地，如上所述，'031专利中详细描述的合适的CoreLockTM机构可以插入或预先设置在植入物10中并且用于使用在'031专利中陈述的相应仪器致使螺钉54在狭槽24中平移。
More specifically, as mentioned above, a suitable CoreLock™ mechanism described in detail in the '031 Patent can be inserted or predisposed in implant 10 and used to cause translation of screw 54 in slot 24 using the corresponding instrumentation set forth in the '031 Patent, Merely as an example, a compression device 1024 (see FIGS. 45-45A ) of the '031 Patent could be disposed within implant 10 and be aligned with slot 24.
压紧装置1024的第二部件1076(特别是其端部开口1084)可以与狭槽24对准，以使得螺钉54可以穿过狭槽24和端部开口1084插入。
Second component 1076 of compression device 1024, in particular end opening 1084 thereof, can align with slot 24 so that screw 54 can be inserted through slot 24 and end opening 1084.
然后，可以将来自'031专利的合适的仪器插入植入物10中，以接合压紧装置1024的带螺纹的第一部件1046并使之抵靠植入物10的孔32的螺纹部34旋转。
Then, suitable instrumentation from the '031 Patent can be inserted into implant 10 to engage and rotate threaded first component 1046 of compression device 1024 against threading 34 of bore 32 of implant 10.
在一个示例中，这种仪器可以包括'031专利中的压紧驱动器1130。
In an example, such instrumentation can include a compression driver 1130 of the '031 Patent.
1.一种方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含步骤：
What is claimed is: 1.
通过修改一箱序列读取计数以产生所述箱的一预期序列读取计数，来确定一箱得分，所述箱序列读取计数表示被分类在所述箱中的多个序列读数的一总数；
A method comprising: obtaining sequence reads from a first sample and sequence reads from a second sample, each sequence read categorized in at least one bin of a plurality of bins of a genome; for each of the first sample and the second sample; for each bin in the plurality of bins of the genome: determining a bin score by modifying a bin sequence read count to account for an expected sequence read count of the bin, the bin sequence read count representing a total number of sequence reads that are categorized in the bin; determining a bin variance estimate for the bin; determining whether the bin is statistically significant based on the bin score and the bin variance estimate for the bin; generating segments of the genome that each include one or more bins in the plurality of bins, for each generated segment of the genome: determining a segment score for the segment based on a segment sequence read count for the segment, the segment sequence read count representing a total number of sequence reads that are categorized in bins included in the segment; determining a segment variance estimate for the segment; determining whether the segment is statistically significant based on the segment score and segment variance estimate for the segment; and identifying a source of a copy number change in the first sample indicated by statistically significant bins and segments of the first sample by comparing each of at least one statistically significant bin and at least one statistically significant segment of the first sample to a corresponding at least one statistically significant bin and at least one statistically significant segment of the second sample.
对于所述基因组的每一个产生的所述区段：
2.
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述第一样本是一循环游离DNA样本，而所述第二样本是一基因组DNA样本。
The method of claim 1, wherein the first sample is a cfDNA sample and the second sample is a gDNA sample.
计算表示所述样本中的一方差水平的一样本扩大因子；以及
3.
通过所述样本扩大因子来调整所述箱的一预期箱方差估计，所述箱的所述预期箱方差估计自多个训练样本被确定。
The method of claim 1, wherein determining a bin variance estimate for a bin comprises: calculating a sample inflation factor representing a level of variance in the sample; and adjusting an expected bin variance estimate for the bin by the sample inflation factor, the expected bin variance estimate for the bin determined from training samples.
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：计算所述样本扩大因子的步骤包括：
4.
存取一个或多个样本变异因子，所述一个或多个样本变异因子通过对所有多个训练样本的多个变异进行一拟合操作而预先获得；
The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the sample inflation factor comprises: accessing one or more sample variation factors, the one or more sample variation factors previously derived by performing a fit operation across variations of training samples; calculating a deviation score for the sample that represents a measure of variability of sequence read counts in bins across the sample; and combining the one or more sample variation factors and the deviation of the sample to produce the sample inflation factor.
计算所述样本的一偏差得分，所述偏差得分表示所有所述样本中的多个箱中的多个序列读取计数的变异性的一测量；以及
5.
将所述一个或多个样本变异因子与所述样本的所述偏差相结合，以产生所述样本扩大因子。
The method of claim 4, wherein the deviation of the sample is a median absolute pairwise deviation of sequence read counts of adjacent bins across the sample.
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：所述样本的所述偏差是所有所述样本中相邻的多个箱的多个序列读取计数的一成对中位绝对偏差。
6.
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：基于所述箱得分以及所述箱的所述箱方差估计来确定所述箱是否为统计显着的步骤包括：
The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the bin is statistically significant based on the bin score and the bin variance estimate for the bin comprises: determining that a ratio of the bin score to the bin variance estimate is greater than a threshold value.
确定所述箱得分与所述箱方差估计的一比率大于一阈值。
7.
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述阈值为2。
The method of claim 6, wherein the threshold value is 2.
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述基因组的每一个产生的区段具有所有所述区段所包括的一个或多个箱中的一统计箱序列读取计数，所述统计箱序列读取计数不同于一相邻的区段的所有多个箱中的一统计箱序列读取计数。
8.
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：产生所述基因组的多个区段且每一个所述区段包括所述多个箱中的一个或多个箱的步骤包括：
The method of claim 1, wherein each generated segment of the genome has a statistical bin sequence read count across the one or more bins included in the segment that is different from a statistical bin sequence read count across bins included in an adjacent segment.
基于与所述多个初始区段中的每一个的长度相对应的多个方差，来对所述基因组的所述多个初始区段重新划分。
The method of claim 1, wherein generating segments of the genome that each include one or more bins in the plurality of bins comprises: generating a plurality of initial segments of the genome; and resegmenting the initial segments of the genome based on variances corresponding to lengths of each of the initial segments.
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：对所述基因组的所述多个初始区段重新划分的步骤包括：
10.
在所述多个初始区段中识别一对错误分离的区段，所述一对错误分离的区段具有在彼此的一阈值内的多个箱序列读取计数；以及
The method of claim 9, wherein resegmenting the initial segments of the genome comprises: identifying a pair of falsely separated segments in the plurality of initial segments, the pair of falsely separated segments having bin sequence read counts within a threshold of each other; and combining the pair of falsely separated segments.
基于至少所述初始区段中的每一个箱的所述被分配的权重，来确定一初始区段的一统计箱序列读取计数。
The method of claim 9, wherein generating a plurality of initial segments of the genome comprises: assigning a weight to each bin in the plurality of bins, the weight assigned to each bin being inversely related to the bin variance estimate for the bin; and determining a statistical bin sequence read count of an initial segment based on at least the assigned weight to each bin in the initial segment.
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：基于所述区段的一区段序列读取计数来确定所述区段的一区段得分的步骤包括：
12.
通过量化多个预期箱序列读取计数，来确定一预期区段序列读取计数；以及
The method of claim 1, wherein determining a segment score for a segment based on a segment sequence read count for the segment comprises: determining an expected segment sequence read count by quantifying expected bin sequence read counts; and determining a ratio between the segment sequence read count and the expected segment sequence read count.
确定所述区段序列读取计数与所述预期区段序列读取计数之间的一比率。
13.
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：确定一区段的一区段方差估计的步骤包括：
The method of claim 1, wherein determining a segment variance estimate for a segment comprises: determining a mean bin variance estimate across bins included in the segment; and adjusting the mean bin variance estimate by a segment inflation factor.
通过一区段扩大因子来调整所述平均箱方差估计。
14.
基于从多个训练样本得到的所述区段的多个序列读取计数，来确定所述区段的一预期区段方差估计；以及
The method of claim 1, wherein determining a segment variance estimate for a segment comprises: determining an expected segment variance estimate for the segment based on sequence read counts for the segment derived from training samples; and adjusting the expected segment variance estimate by a sample inflation factor representing a level of variance in the sample.
通过表示所述样本中一方差水平的一样本扩大因子，来调整所述预期区段方差估计。
15.
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：基于一区段得分以及所述区段的区段方差估计来确定一区段是否为统计显着的步骤包括：
The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether a segment is statistically significant based on a segment score and segment variance estimate for the segment comprises: determining that a ratio of the segment score to the segment variance estimate is greater than a threshold value.
确定所述区段得分与所述区段方差估计的一比率大于一阈值。
16.
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于：所述阈值为2。
The method of claim 15, wherein the threshold value is 2.
17.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在修改一箱序列读取计数以产生一箱的一预期序列读取计数之前，将所述箱的所述箱序列读取计数进行归一化，以去除与所述箱相关的处理偏差。
The method of claims 1, wherein prior to modifying a bin sequence read count to account for an expected sequence read count of a bin, normalizing the bin sequence read count for the bin to remove processing biases associated with the bin.
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于：去除与所述箱相关联的处理偏差的步骤包括：去除GC偏差、可图谱化性偏差或通过一降维分析确定的一偏差中的一个或多个。
The method of claim 17, wherein removing processing biases associated with the bin comprises removing one or more of GC bias, mappability bias, or a bias determined through a dimensionality reduction analysis.
19.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：一识别的一拷贝数变化的来源是一生殖系事件、一体细胞非肿瘤事件或一体细胞肿瘤事件中的一个。
The method of claim 1, wherein an identified source of a copy number change is one of a germline event, a somatic non-tumor event, or a somatic tumor event.
20.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：识别所述拷贝数变化的所述来源的步骤还包括：
20.
响应于产生所述第一样本的一个或多个统计显着的箱或区段与所述第二样本的所述对应的一个或多个箱或区段之间的一对位的比较结果，来确定所述拷贝数变化的所述来源是一生殖系事件或一体细胞非肿瘤事件中的一个。
The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the source of the copy number change further comprises: responsive to the comparison yielding an alignment between the one or more statistically significant bins or segments of the first sample and the corresponding one or more bins or segments of the second sample, determining that the source of the copy number change is one of a germline event or a somatic non-tumor event.
21.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：识别所述拷贝数变化的所述来源的步骤还包括：
21.
响应于产生所述第一样本的一个或多个统计显着的箱或区段与所述第二样本的所述对应的一个或多个箱或区段之间的一缺乏对位的比较结果，来确定所述拷贝数变化的所述来源是一体细胞肿瘤事件。
The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the source of the copy number change further comprises: responsive to the comparison yielding a lack of alignment between the one or more statistically significant bins or segments of the first sample and the corresponding one or more bins or segments of the second sample, determining that the source of the copy number change is a somatic tumor event.
22.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述基因组的所述多个箱中的一箱包括500千碱基至1000千碱基。
22.
23.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述基因组的所述多个箱中的一箱包括100千碱基至500千碱基。
The method of claim 1, wherein a bin in the plurality of bins of the genome includes between 500 kilobases to 1000 kilobases.
24.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述基因组的所述多个箱中的一箱包括50千碱基至100千碱基。
23.
25.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述基因组的所述多个箱中的一箱包括小于50千碱基。
The method of claim 1, wherein a bin in the plurality of bins of the genome includes between 100 kilobases to 500 kilobases.
26.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：获得来自所述第一样本的多个序列读数以及来自所述第二样本的多个序列读数的步骤包括：对获自所述第一样本的多个核酸以及获自所述第二样本的多个核酸进行全基因组测序。
24.
27.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：获得来自所述第一样本的多个序列读数以及来自所述第二样本的多个序列读数的步骤包括：对获自所述第一样本的多个核酸以及获自所述第二样本的多个核酸进行全外显子组测序。
The method of claim 1, wherein a bin in the plurality of bins of the genome includes between 50 kilobases to 100 kilobases.
28.一种方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含步骤：
25.
获得来自一第一样本的多个序列读数以及来自一第二样本的多个序列读数，每一个读取的序列被分类在一基因组的多个箱中的至少一箱中；
The method of claim 1, wherein a bin in the plurality of bins of the genome includes less than 50 kilobases.
对于所述第一样本以及所述第二个样本中的每一个：
26.
对于所述基因组的所述多个箱中的每一个箱，确定所述箱是否为一统计显着的箱；
The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining sequence reads from the first sample and sequence reads from the second sample comprises performing whole genome sequencing on nucleic acids obtained from the first sample and nucleic acids obtained from the second sample.
产生所述基因组的多个区段，每一个所述区段包括在所述多个箱中一个或多个箱，
27.
通过将所述第一样本的至少一统计显着的箱或统计显着的区段相比较于所述第二样本的一对应的至少一统计显着的箱或统计显着的区段，来识别所述第一样本中的一拷贝数变化的一来源。
The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining sequence reads from the first sample and sequence reads from the second sample comprises performing whole exome sequencing on nucleic acids obtained from the first sample and nucleic acids obtained from the second sample.
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于：确定一箱是否为一统计显着的箱的步骤包括：
28.
通过修改一箱序列读取计数以产生所述箱的一预期序列读取计数，来确定一箱分数，所述箱序列读取计数表示被分类在所述箱中的多个序列读数的一总数；以及
A method comprising: obtaining sequence reads from a first sample and sequence reads from a second sample, each sequence read categorized in at least one bin of a plurality of bins of the genome; for each of the first sample and the second sample: for each bin in the plurality of bins of the genome, determining whether the bin is a statistically significant bin; generating segments of the genome that each include one or more bins in the plurality of bins, for each generated segment of the genome, determining whether the segment is a statistically significant segment; and identifying a source of a copy number change in the first sample by comparing at least one statistically significant bin or statistically significant segment of the first sample to a corresponding at least one statistically significant bin or statistically significant segment of the second sample.
其中基于所述箱的所述箱得分以及所述箱方差估计，来确定所述箱是否为一统计显着的箱。
The method of claim 28, wherein determining whether a bin is a statistically significant bin comprises: determining a bin score by modifying a bin sequence read count to account for an expected sequence read count of the bin, the bin sequence read count representing a total number of sequence reads that are categorized in the bin; and determining a bin variance estimate for the bin, wherein determining whether the bin is a statistically significant bin is based on the bin score and the bin variance estimate for the bin.
其中基于所述区段的所述区段得分以及所述区段方差估计，来确定所述区段是否为一统计显着的区段。
The method of claim 28, wherein determining whether a segment is a statistically significant segment comprises: determining a segment score for the segment based on a segment sequence read count for the segment; and determining a segment variance estimate for the segment, wherein determining whether the segment is a statistically significant segment is based on the segment score and the segment variance estimate for the segment.
31.一种方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含步骤：
31.
基于分别被分类在所述第一区段以及所述第二区段中包括的多个箱中的多个序列读数，与基于所述第一区段以及所述第二区段的各自的一区段方差估计，来确定对应于所述第一样本的所述基因组的一第一区段以及对应于所述第二样本的所述基因组的一第二区段为统计显着的；以及
A method comprising: obtaining a first sequence read from a first sample and a second, corresponding sequence read from a second sample, the first sequence read and the second sequence read categorized in at least one bin of a plurality of bins of a genome; determining that a first bin in which the first sequence read is categorized and a corresponding second bin in which the second sequence read is categorized are statistically significant based on a number of sequence reads that are categorized in the first bin and the second bin, respectively, and a bin variance estimate for the first bin and the second bin, respectively; determining that a first segment of the genome corresponding to the first sample and a second segment of the genome corresponding to the second sample are statistically significant based on a number of sequence reads that are categorized in bins included in the first segment and second segment, respectively, and based on a segment variance estimate of the first segment and second segment, respectively; and identifying a source of a copy number change in the first sample indicated by the first bin and the first segment based on a comparison of the first to the second bin and a comparison of the first segment to the second segment.
本公开涉及用于监测设置在磁共振成像系统中的梯度线圈的健康状态的系统和方法。
This disclosure relates to a system and method for monitoring a health status of a gradient coil disposed in a magnetic resonance imaging system.
磁共振成像(“MRI”)是一种受到普遍认可的可商购获得的技术，其用于获得数字化可视图像，该图像表示具有对核磁共振(“NMR”)敏感的大量原子核群的对象的内部结构。
Magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) is a widely accepted and commercially available technique for obtaining digitized visual images representing the internal structure of objects having substantial populations of atomic nuclei that are susceptible to nuclear magnetic resonance (“NMR”).
许多MRI系统使用超导磁体通过在受试者的核上施加强的主磁场来扫描受试者/患者。
Many MRI systems use superconductive magnets to scan a subject/patient via imposing a strong main magnetic field on the nuclei in the subject.
该核由射频(“RF”)信号/脉冲激发，该射频/脉冲信号经由RF线圈以特征NMR(拉莫尔)频率传输。
The nuclei are excited by a radio frequency (“RF”) signal/pulse transmitted by a RF coil at characteristics NMR (Larmor) frequencies.
当被激发的质子弛豫回到其较低能量的正常状态时，通过在空间上干扰受试者周围的局部磁场并分析来自该核的RF响应(以下也称为“MR信号”)，将根据这些核响应的空间位置来生成和显示这些核响应的映射或图像。
By spatially disturbing localized magnetic fields surrounding the subject and analyzing the resulting RF responses, also referred to hereinafter as the “MR signal,” from the nuclei as the excited protons relax back to their lower energy normal state, a map or image of these nuclei responses as a function of their spatial location is generated and displayed.
该核响应的图像(以下也称为“MRI图像”和/或简称为“图像”)提供了受试者内部结构的非侵入性视图。
An image of the nuclei responses, also referred to hereinafter as an “MRI image” and/or simply “image,” provides a non-invasive view of a subject's internal structure.
许多MRI系统利用通常称为梯度线圈的大电磁线圈，通过经由电流对梯度线圈进行激发/激励来在包含受试者的目标空间内产生梯度磁场。
Many MRI systems utilize large electromagnetic coils, commonly referred to as gradient coils, to generate magnetic gradient fields within a target volume containing the subject by exciting/energizing the gradient coils via an electrical current.