mwirth-epo/epo-nmt-datasets huggingface dataset:
因此，本发明的任务在于，提供一种为位于同类型地面铣刨机驾驶台中的操作者在姿势舒适的同时提供可选地改善的、尤其是沿地面铣刨机一侧的视野的可能性。
The object of the invention therefore is to provide a way to create optionally improved visibility, in particular along a side of the ground milling machine, in a comfortable posture for an operator on the operator platform of a generic ground milling machine.
同时不应长久降低地面铣刨机的紧凑性。
At the same time, the compactness of the ground milling machine should not be permanently impaired.
根据本发明规定，所述驾驶台地板除主地板之外还包括至少一个可围绕竖直枢转轴线在收起位置和伸出位置之间相对于主地板调节的侧地板，该侧地板可这样枢转地设置，使得其从收起位置沿水平方向枢转到伸出位置并且横向于地面铣刨机的主作业方向加宽驾驶台地板。
According to the invention, in addition to the main floor plate, the operator platform floor has at least one side floor plate which is adjustable relative to the main floor plate about a vertical pivot axis between a stowed position and a deployed position, the side floor plate being arranged pivotably in such a manner that it pivots out from the stowed position into the deployed position in a horizontal direction and widens the operator platform floor transversely to the main working direction of the ground milling machine.
伸出位置在此情况下是转出位置。
Thus, the deployed position is in this case a pivoted-out position.
补充或替代地，也可这样设置侧地板，使得其可在收起位置和伸出位置之间沿水平方向、尤其是横向于并且特别是垂直于机器的主作业方向或前进方向或纵向轴线移动。
Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible that the side floor plate is arranged such that it is configured to be displaceable between the stowed position and the deployed position along a horizontal direction which is in particular transverse, and more particularly perpendicular, to the main working direction or forward direction or longitudinal axis of the machine.
本发明因此以侧地板的形式为位于驾驶台中的操作者提供与主地板的相对位置可变的支承区域。
The invention thus provides, in the form of the side floor plate, a standing region for the operator on the operator platform which is variable with regard to its position relative to the main floor plate.
侧地板相对于机器其余部分的运动在此例如通过围绕竖直枢转轴线的枢转运动实现。
The movement of the side floor plate relative to the rest of the machine is in this case performed, for example, by a pivot movement about a vertical pivot axis.
收起位置是指这样的位置，在其中，侧地板为位于驾驶台中的操作者提供比伸出位置小的站立面或不提供站立面。
The stowed position designates a position in which the side floor plate provides the operator on the operator platform with a smaller standing area or no standing area at all compared to the deployed position.
此外，侧地板在从收起位置到伸出位置的枢转运动中沿水平方向看部分地远离地面铣刨机的其余部分并且因此补充于主地板地尤其是沿水平方向且横向于主作业方向加宽为位于驾驶台中的操作者提供的站立面。
Moreover, during the pivot movement from the stowed position into the deployed position, the side floor plate moves in a horizontal direction partially away from the rest of the ground milling machine, thus widening, in addition to the main floor plate, in particular the standing area available to the operator on the operator platform in a horizontal direction and transversely to the main working direction.
但例如当在空间有限的环境中作业和/或在障碍物旁作业时和/或出于运输目的，可能希望地面铣刨机尽可能窄并且尤其是侧地板不侧向突出超过机器的其余部分。
When working in spatially constricted environments and/or past obstacles and/or for transport purposes, for example, it may however be desirable for the ground milling machine to be as narrow as possible and, in particular, for the side floor plate to not project laterally beyond the rest of the machine.
位于驾驶台中的操作者为此可将侧地板朝向机器其余部分枢转到收起位置中。
For this, the operator on the operator platform can pivot the side floor plate towards the rest of the machine and into the stowed position.
在收起位置中可规定，侧地板根本不为位于驾驶台中的操作者提供任何站立面，例如因为侧地板被主地板覆盖。
In the stowed position, the side floor plate may provide no standing area whatsoever for the operator on the operator platform, for example because it is overlapped by the main floor plate.
但本发明也包括中间位置。
However, intermediate positions are also comprised by the invention.
总之，本发明因此在驾驶台内实现站立面可变的支承区域，位于地面铣刨机驾驶台中的操作者可借助至少一个可在收起位置和至少一个伸出位置之间调节的侧地板根据具体情况以对于其最佳的方式来改变该支承区域。
All in all, the invention thus enables a standing region within the operator platform which is variable with respect to the standing area and which the operator on the operator platform of the ground milling machine can vary according to the situation in an optimum manner with at least one side floor plate which can be adjusted between a stowed position and at least one deployed position.
补充或替代地也可规定，侧地板可沿水平轴线移动，由此也可暂时加宽驾驶台地板。
Additionally or alternatively, the side floor plate may also be adjustable along a horizontal axis, which likewise allows a transitional widening of the operator platform.
在使用地面铣刨机时，常常希望沿地面铣刨机至少一侧、即沿地面铣刨机的右侧或左侧具有特别好的视野，以便例如能够沿地面标记精确地进行铣刨作业并且可靠地调度地面铣刨机。
During the operation of ground milling machines, it is often desired to have good visibility in particular along at least one side of the ground milling machine, i.e. the right or left side in the main working direction, to enable, for example, precise milling works and reliable guidance of the ground milling machine, for example along ground markings.
地面铣刨机的机架在该区域中通常包括至少一个竖直延伸的侧壁、如作为支撑结构和/或机器护罩的一部分。
In this region, the machine frame of the ground milling machine usually comprises at least one vertically extending sidewall, for example as part of the support structure and/or the machine casing.
现在优选侧地板在伸出位置中沿横向于主作业方向的水平方向至少部分地突出超过地面铣刨机的侧壁其余部分，尤其是使得侧地板横向于机器纵向轴线突出超过在横向于机器纵向轴线的水平面中位于最外侧的壁区域。
It is now preferred that the side floor plate in the deployed position at least partially projects beyond the sidewall of the ground milling machine in a horizontal direction transverse to the main working direction, in particular to such an extent that the side floor plate projects transversely to the machine's longitudinal axis beyond the laterally outermost wall region in the horizontal plane and transverse to the machine's longitudinal axis.
以此方式位于驾驶台中的操作者可借助侧地板占据至少部分地几乎位于机器其余部分旁边的位置并且可以以此方式特别舒适地沿相应侧壁向前和/或向后观察。
This allows the operator on the operator platform to assume a position at least partially closely next to the rest of the machine with the aid of the side floor plate, thus allowing him to look forward and/or backward along the respective sidewall in a particularly comfortable manner.
因此，借助处于伸出位置的侧地板在地面铣刨机上实现了类似阳台的结构，在该结构上操作者可占据具有非常好的视野的最佳操作位置。
With the aid of the side floor plate in the deployed position, a balcony-like structure is thus obtained on the ground milling machine, on which the operator can assume an optimum operating position with a very good view.
在此情况下，地面铣刨机的宽度(即地面铣刨机在水平面内且垂直于机器纵向轴线或垂直于前进方向的延伸)在侧地板区域中相应加宽。
In this case, the width of the ground milling machine (i.e., the extension of the ground milling machine in the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine or the forward direction) is widened accordingly in the region of the side floor plate.
但尤其是出于运输目的，优选地面铣刨机构造得尽可能紧凑，尤其是在其宽度方面。
For transport purposes in particular, however, it is preferable for the ground milling machine to be as compact as possible, especially also with regard to its width.
因此，补充或替代地，也优选处于收起位置的侧地板沿横向于主作业方向的水平方向不突出超过侧壁。
Additionally or alternatively, it is therefore also preferred that the side floor plate in the stowed position does not project beyond the sidewall in a horizontal direction transverse to the main working direction.
因此，侧地板在收起位置中占据这样的位置，其不进一步加宽机器的其余部分。
In the stowed position, the side floor plate thus assumes a position that does not widen the rest of the machine any further.
这有利于从障碍物、如建筑物墙壁旁经过。
This also makes it easier to travel past obstacles such as building walls.
铣刨装置的铣刨鼓通常由地面铣刨机的驱动马达经由传动机构驱动，所述传动机构例如是(尤其是通过铣刨鼓的端面连接到铣刨鼓上的)皮带传动机构。
The milling drum of the milling device is usually driven by the drive motor of the ground milling machine via a drive gear, for example a belt drive, which is connected to the milling drum in particular via an end face thereof.
在与铣刨鼓该端面相对置的端面上，铣刨鼓或铣刨装置基本上与地面铣刨机该侧的其余部分齐平，以便能够在该侧进行尽可能精确地作业。
On the end face opposite said end face of the milling drum, the milling drum, or the milling device, is essentially flush with the remaining side of the ground milling machine to allow the most accurate possible work on this side.
基本上端面齐平的侧面也称为地面铣刨机的零侧。
The side of the essentially flush alignment is also referred to as the zero side of the ground milling machine.
现在优选将侧地板设置在地面铣刨机的零侧。
It is now preferable for the side floor plate to be arranged on the zero side of the ground milling machine.
由此确保，位于地面铣刨机驾驶台中的驾驶员尤其是在这一侧上借助处于伸出位置的侧地板获得沿零侧特别好的视野。
This ensures that the driver on the operator platform of the ground milling machine has, especially on this side, a particularly good view along the zero side with the aid of the side floor plate in the deployed position.
优选侧地板为此这样设置在地面铣刨机上，使得其远离机器的其余部分枢转超过零侧。
For this, the side floor plate is expediently arranged on the ground milling machine such that it is pivoted out beyond the zero side away from the rest of the machine.
尤其是在所谓的中心鼓铣刨机中(在其中铣刨鼓在机架上设置在前后行走装置之间并且与它们沿主作业方向分别间隔开地设置)，侧地板可沿竖直方向基本上设置在铣刨装置上方并且大约设置在机器纵向侧面的中间或地面铣刨装置的高度上，由此可进一步改善位于驾驶台中的操作者的观察位置。
Particularly in the case of so-called center rotor milling machines, in which the milling drum is arranged on the machine frame between the front and rear traveling devices and spaced from the latter in the main working direction, it is then possible to arrange the side floor plate in the vertical direction essentially above the milling device and approximately in the middle of the longitudinal side of the machine or at the level of the ground milling device, which further improves the viewing position of the operator on the operator platform.
发动机诊断系统、发动机诊断方法、及存储介质
BACKGROUND
本公开涉及诊断搭载于车辆的发动机的劣化程度的发动机诊断系统、及诊断该劣化程度的发动机诊断方法。
The present disclosure relates to an engine diagnostic system that diagnoses the deterioration degree of an engine mounted on a vehicle and to an engine diagnosing method that diagnoses the deterioration degree.
作为火花点火式的发动机的控制技术，已知有一种爆震控制。
Knock control is known as a technique for controlling spark-ignition engines.
在爆震控制中，通过基于爆震传感器的输出的反馈控制，在能够抑制爆震的发生的范围内使点火正时提前。
In knock control, feedback control is performed on the basis of the output of a knock sensor to advance the ignition timing in the range that reduces the occurrence of knocking.
并且，如在日本特开2004-28061号公报中见到的那样，在爆震控制中，将能够抑制爆震的点火正时的最大提前量作为爆震学习值进行学习。
As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-28061, the maximum advancement amount of the ignition timing that reduces knocking is learned as a knock learning value in the knock control.
随着发动机的经年劣化(随时间经过的劣化)，该发动机的耐爆震性降低。
The knock resistance of such an engine decreases in accordance with the deterioration of the engine over time.
以下，对本公开的例子进行记载。
Examples of the present disclosure will now be described.
例1.一种发动机诊断系统，诊断发动机的劣化程度，所述发动机是搭载于车辆的发动机，所述发动机诊断系统构成为，将能够抑制所述发动机的爆震的点火正时的最大提前量作为爆震学习值进行学习，所述发动机诊断系统具备构成为将所述发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据按每个所述发动机的个体进行存储的数据库，这些所述爆震学习值从同一款式的多个车辆取得，并且，所述发动机诊断系统构成为进行评价处理，所述评价处理是基于所述数据库中所存储的各发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据对指定的发动机的劣化程度的评价值进行运算的处理。
The engine diagnostic system is configured to execute an evaluation process, which computes an evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of a designated engine using the time-series data of the knock learning value of each engine stored in the database.
在这样的发动机诊断系统的数据库中，收集搭载于同一款式的车辆群的多个发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据。
The database of the engine diagnostic system collects the time-series data of the knock learning value from multiple engines mounted on the vehicles of the same model.
将关于成为诊断对象的发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据与其他发动机的数据进行对比。
The time-series data of the knock learning value of the engine to be diagnosed is compared with those of other engines.
这样的话，就能够评价这些发动机中的相对的发动机的劣化程度。
This enables the evaluation of the deterioration degree of the engine relative to other engines.
因此，在上述发动机诊断系统的评价处理中，即使不设定劣化程度的评价基准，也能够得到以下的评价值。
Thus, in the evaluation process of the above-described engine diagnostic system, the following evaluation value is obtained without setting the criterion used in evaluating the deterioration degree.
即，可以将关于成为诊断对象的发动机的劣化程度的评价值作为表示在数据库中存储有爆震学习值的时序数据的各发动机中的、相对的评价的值来进行运算。
That is, the evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of the engine to be diagnosed is computed as a value showing the evaluation relative to the engines, the time-series data of the knock learning value of each of which is stored in the database.
另外，从时序数据追踪爆震学习值距初始值的经时变化。
Also, the change in the knock learning value over time from the initial value can be tracked in the time-series data.
因此，即使在发动机彼此之间关于爆震学习值的初始值有个体差异的情况下，也能够合适地进行基于爆震学习值的发动机的劣化程度的诊断。
Thus, even if there are individual differences in the initial value of the knock learning value among the engines, the deterioration degree of the engine is properly diagnosed using the knock learning value.
因此，根据上述发动机诊断系统，能够进行基于爆震学习值的发动机的劣化程度的合适的诊断。
Thus, the above-described engine diagnostic system is capable of properly diagnosing the deterioration degree of the engine using the knock learning value.
根据发动机经年劣化，该发动机的耐爆震性降低。
As the engine deteriorates over time, the knock resistance of the engine is decreased.
因此，考虑将爆震学习值作为发动机的劣化程度的指标。
As such, the knock learning value may be used as an index of the deterioration degree of the engine.
然而，即使是处于完全没有发生劣化的新品的状态的发动机彼此之间，在能够抑制爆震的发生的点火正时的提前界限上也有个体差异。
However, even among new engines that have not at all deteriorated, there are individual differences in the advancement limit of the ignition timing that reduces the occurrence of knocking.
并且，在发动机的劣化加剧了时的爆震学习值的值中，也会继承关于提前界限的发动机彼此之间的所述个体差异。
The individual differences in the advancement limit among the engines are inherited to the values of the knock learning value when the deterioration of the engines progresses.
因此，即使是同程度的劣化，根据发动机的各个体，爆震学习值也有时成为不同的值。
Thus, even if the deterioration degree is substantially equal, the knock learning value may differ depending on the individual engines.
也就是说，如果只是看了爆震学习值，则有可能无法合适地评价发动机的劣化程度。
That is, the deterioration degree of the engine may possibly be fail to be evaluated properly when only the knock learning value is used.
另外，为了根据爆震学习值评价发动机的劣化程度，需要预先确认爆震学习值与劣化程度的相关性。
Additionally, to evaluate the deterioration degree of the engine from the knock learning value, the correlation between the knock learning value and the deterioration degree needs to be checked previously.
但是，发动机的劣化是经过长时间逐渐加剧的劣化。
However, the deterioration of the engine gradually progresses over a long period of time.
因此，难以在试验等中确认它们之间的相关性。
Thus, it is difficult to check the correlation through, for example, tests.
此外，根据所使用的燃料的种类，发动机的耐爆震性有时会大幅发生变化。
In some cases, the knock resistance of the engine changes greatly depending on the type of fuel used.
在这样的情况下，如果在数据库中所收集的时序数据中混合在异种燃料的使用下学习到的爆震学习值的数据，则有可能无法合适地诊断发动机的劣化程度。
In such a case, if the data of the knock learning value learned when different types of fuel are used is mixed in the time-series data collected in the database, the deterioration degree of the engine may possibly fail to be diagnosed properly.
通过如下述那样构成上述发动机诊断系统，能够避免这样的时序数据中混合在异种燃料的使用下学习到的爆震学习值。
Such mixing of the knock learning value learned when different types of fuel is used in the time-series data is avoided by the following configuration of the above-described engine diagnostic system.
即，例2.上述例1的发动机诊断系统可以构成为，与爆震学习值一起从车辆取得爆震学习值的学习时的所述发动机的使用燃料的类别信息，并且，仅将在特定种类的燃料的使用过程中学习到的爆震学习值的时序数据存储于数据库。
That is, in Example 2, the engine diagnostic system of Example 1 may be configured such that: the engine diagnostic system is configured to acquire, from the vehicle, fuel-type information of fuel used in the engine when the knock learning value is learned together with the knock learning value; and the engine diagnostic system is configured to store, in the database, only the time-series data of the knock learning value learned when a specific type of fuel is being used.
这样的话，就能够避免在异种燃料的使用下学习到的爆震学习值向时序数据的混合。
With this configuration, the knock learning value learned when different types of fuel are used is prevented from being mixed in the time-series data.
另外，例3.上述例1的发动机诊断系统可以构成为进行燃料判定处理，所述燃料判定处理是判定爆震学习值的学习时的发动机的使用燃料的种类的处理，并且所述发动机诊断系统构成为仅将在特定种类的燃料的使用过程中学习到的爆震学习值的时序数据存储于所述数据库。
Also, in Example 3, the engine diagnostic system of Example 1 may be configured such that: the engine diagnostic system is configured to execute a fuel determination process, which determines a type of fuel used in the engine when the knock learning value is learned; and the engine diagnostic system is configured to store, in the database, only the time-series data of the knock learning value learned when a specific type of fuel is being used.
这样的话，也能够避免在异种燃料的使用下学习到的爆震学习值向时序数据的混合。
This also prevents the knock learning value learned when different types of fuel are used from being mixed in the time-series data.
进而，例4.上述例1的发动机诊断系统可以构成为进行燃料判定处理，所述燃料判定处理是判定爆震学习值的学习时的发动机的使用燃料的种类的处理，并且所述发动机诊断系统按照每个燃料的种类单独进行向数据库的爆震学习值的时序数据的存储、和评价处理中的评价值的运算。
Further, in Example 4, the engine diagnostic system of Example 1 may be configured such that: the engine diagnostic system is configured to execute a fuel determination process, which determines a type of fuel used in the engine when the knock learning value is learned; and the engine diagnostic system is configured to store the time-series data of the knock learning value in the database and to compute the evaluation value in the evaluation process separately for each type of fuel.
在该构成中，也能够避免在异种燃料的使用下学习到的爆震学习值向时序数据的混合。
With this configuration also, the knock learning value learned when different types of fuel are used is prevented from being mixed in the time-series data.
此外，当加入与之前使用的燃料不同种类的燃料时，在该加入的前后爆震学习值大幅发生变化。
When a type of fuel different from the fuel that has been used is supplied, the knock learning value changes by a large amount before and after the fuel is supplied.
因此，例5.上述例3或例4的发动机诊断系统中的燃料判定处理可以通过基于成为判定对象的发动机的爆震学习值的上次取得时的值与本次取得时的值之差判定使用燃料的种类来进行。
Therefore, in Example 5, the engine diagnostic system of Example 3 or 4 may be configured such that the fuel determination process is executed by determining the type of fuel used based on the difference between a previously acquired value and a currently acquired value of the knock learning value of the engine to be determined.
通常，作为车辆或搭载于该车辆的发动机的使用期间的指标值，多使用车辆的总行驶距离。
In general, the total traveled distance of the vehicle is often used as the index value for the period of use of the vehicle or of the engine mounted on the vehicle.
因此，例6.上述例1至6中任一个的发动机诊断系统可以构成为，在数据库中存储以车辆的总行驶距离为时序轴的爆震学习值的时序数据。
Therefore, in Example 6, the engine diagnostic system of any one of Examples 1 to 5 is preferably configured such that the database stores the time-series data of the knock learning value with a total traveled distance of the vehicle used as a time-series axis.
例7.一种发动机诊断方法，诊断搭载于车辆的发动机的劣化程度，所述发动机诊断方法包括：将能够抑制所述发动机的爆震的点火正时的最大提前量作为爆震学习值进行学习；从同一款式的多个车辆取得并收集所述发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据；根据成为诊断对象的发动机的个体识别信息的输入，基于所收集的所述时序数据运算并输出所述诊断对象的发动机的劣化程度的评价值，所述发动机诊断方法通过所述时序数据的取得和收集、以及所述评价值的运算和输出来进行所述发动机的劣化程度的诊断。
The engine diagnosing method includes: learning, as a knock learning value, a maximum advancement amount of an ignition timing that reduces knocking of the engine; acquiring and collecting time-series data of the knock learning value of the engine from a plurality of vehicles of the same model; and computing and outputting an evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of the engine to be diagnosed using the collected time-series data in response to an input of individual identification information of the engine to be diagnosed.
在第一步骤中，收集搭载于同一款式的车辆群的多个发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据。
At the first step, the time-series data of the knock learning value is collected from multiple engines mounted on the vehicles of the same model.
如果将成为诊断对象的发动机的爆震学习值的时序数据与其他发动机的数据进行对比，则能够评价这些发动机中的相对的发动机的劣化程度。
By comparing the time-series data of the knock learning value of the engine to be diagnosed with those of other engines, the deterioration degree of the engine relative to the other engines can be evaluated.
因此，在上述发动机诊断方法中，即使不设定劣化程度的评价基准，也可以将成为诊断对象的发动机的劣化程度的评价值作为表示收集了爆震学习值的时序数据的各发动机中的、相对的评价的值来进行运算。
Thus, in the above-described engine diagnosing method, without setting the criterion used in evaluating the deterioration degree, the evaluation value indicating the deterioration degree of the engine to be diagnosed can be computed as the value showing the evaluation relative to the engines from each of which the time-series data of the knock learning value is collected.
另外，从时序数据追踪爆震学习值距初始值的经时变化。
Furthermore, the changes in the knock learning value over time from the initial value are tracked in the time-series data.
因此，即使发动机彼此之间爆震学习值的初始值有个体差异，也能够合适地进行基于爆震学习值的发动机的劣化程度的诊断。
Thus, even if there are individual differences in the initial value of the knock learning value among the engines, the deterioration degree of the engine can be properly diagnosed using the knock learning value.
因此，根据上述发动机诊断方法，能够进行基于爆震学习值的发动机的劣化程度的合适的诊断。
Consequently, the above-described engine diagnosing method properly diagnoses the deterioration degree of the engine using the knock learning value.
例8.一种非瞬时性的计算机可读存储介质，存储有使得由计算机执行上述例7的发动机诊断方法的各处理的发动机诊断处理的程序。
Example 8: A non-transitory computer readable memory medium is provided that stores a program of an engine diagnosing process that causes a computer to perform the various processes of the engine diagnosing method described in Example 7.
图1是示意地示出本公开的第1实施方式的发动机诊断系统的构成的图。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of an engine diagnostic system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
图2是示出在图1的发动机诊断系统中，爆震学习值与总行驶距离的关系的图表。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between a knock learning value and a total traveled distance in the engine diagnostic system of FIG. 1.
图3是示意地示出通过与图1的上述实施方式的发动机诊断系统的协作来进行信息提供服务的信息提供系统的构成的图。
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of an information service system that provides information service in cooperation with the engine diagnostic system of the above-described embodiment in FIG. 1.
图4是示意地示出本公开的第2实施方式的发动机诊断系统的构成的图。
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of an engine diagnostic system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
“大约”和“大致”是指在所引用的数量或距离的10％之内的数量或距离，除非这种使用的情况指示不同的含义。
“About” and“approximately” refer to a quantity or distance within 10% of the referenced quantity or distance, unless the circumstances of such usage would indicate a different meaning.
“前部”是指当受试者穿戴本器具时在受试者的嘴的前部(开口)的方向上或朝向或邻近受试者口的前部(开口)的方向上。
“Anterior” means in the direction of or toward or adjacent the front portion (opening) of a subject's mouth when the present appliance is worn by a subject.
“止挡件(Backstop)”指的是一个部件或结构防止另一个部件或结构的移动或进一步前进。
“Backstop” refers to a component or structure prevents movement or further advancement of another component or structure.
“颊的”是指当受试者穿戴本器具时在受试者的脸颊方向上或朝向受试者的脸颊的方向上。
“Buccal” means in the direction of or toward a subject's cheek when the present appliance is worn by a subject.
对于受试者的牙齿，这指的是牙齿面对脸颊的侧。
In relation to a subject's teeth, this refers to the side of the teeth facing the cheek.
“冠状面”指的是从头部到脚部延伸穿过身体并将身体分成前半部和后半部的假想平面表面。
“Coronal plane” refers to a hypothetical planar surface that extends through the body from the head to the feet, and divides the body into front and rear halves.
“冠状”指的是在牙齿的远端上或朝向牙齿的远端的位置或方向(即，咬合表面所在的位置)。
“Coronal” refers to a position or direction which is on or toward the distal end of a tooth (i.e., where the biting surface is located).
因此，冠状表面是牙齿的咬合表面，其在后牙中通常被称为咀嚼表面并且在前牙上被称为切牙表面。
A coronal surface is thus the biting surface of a tooth, which in posterior teeth is generally referred to as an occlusal surface and on anterior teeth is called an incisal surface.
“牙托”指的是包括用于容纳受试者的牙齿和/或用于容纳戴在受试者的牙齿上的矫正托的托槽的结构。
“Dental tray” refers to a structure comprising a receptacle for receiving the teeth of a subject and/or for receiving an orthodontic tray worn on a subject’s teeth.
该托槽具有用于容纳牙齿或穿戴的矫正托的开口以及与受试者的牙齿或受试者穿戴的矫正托接触的内表面。
The receptacle has an opening for receiving teeth or orthodontic trays worn and an interior surface which contacts the subject’s teeth or orthodontic trays worn by the subject.
“向下”和“向下地”表示当受试者穿戴本器具时在受试者身体的下部方向上或朝向受试者身体的下部的方向上。
“Downward” and“downwardly” mean in the direction of or toward a lower portion of a subject's body when the present appliance is worn by a subject.
“向上”和“向上地”表示在相反方向上，即在受试者身体的上部的方向上或朝向受试者身体的上部的方向上。
“Upward” and“upwardly” mean in the opposite direction, i.e. in the direction of or toward an upper portion of a subject's body.
“细长的”指的是长度比其宽度长的构型或形状。
“Elongated” refers to a configuration or shape having a length which is longer than its width.
“凸缘”指的是对象上的突出边沿、套环或肋。
“Flange” refers to a projecting rim, collar, or rib on an object