mwirth-epo/epo-nmt-datasets huggingface dataset:
为了说明的目的，除了仅一个可移动顶表面5之外，缝纫机100还可设置有两个并排的可移动顶表面5，其中一个与针A对齐，另一个与另一根针A对齐，从而调节腰带C的两个纵向侧Cr、Cc的行进速度，从而实现缝纫机100的更高通用性。
For illustrative purposes, instead of only one movable top surface (5), the sewing machine (100) can be provided with two movable top surfaces (5) in side-by-side position, of which one is aligned with a needle (A), and the other is aligned with the other needle (A), in such a way to adjust the traveling speed of the two longitudinal sides (Cr, Cc) of the waistband (C), thus achieving a higher versatility of the sewing machine (100).
因此，侧地板的沿地面铣刨机主作业方向的前方区域的枢转行程相对更大并且因此通过枢转出侧地板为位于驾驶台中的操作者额外提供的站立面在侧地板的前部区域中更大。
As a result, the pivoting path of the front area of the side floor plate in the main working direction of the ground milling machine is relatively larger and the additional standing area for the operator on the operator platform in the front area of the side floor plate is correspondingly larger due to the pivoting out of the side floor plate.
根据作业情况可能希望改善驾驶台右侧和/或左侧的视野。
Depending on the work situation, improved visibility may be desired on the right and/or the left side of the operator platform.
因此优选驾驶台在驾驶台的两侧各具有一个侧地板。
Accordingly, it is preferable for the operator platform to have a respective side floor plate on both sides of the operator platform.
于是位于驾驶台上的驾驶员可在机器两侧选择性地使用通过侧地板额外提供的站立面。
The driver on the operator platform can then optionally use the additional standing area available via the side floor plate on both sides of the machine.
这在所谓的铣刨时、尤其是中转子型铣刨时尤为有利。
This is particularly advantageous for so-called milling machines, especially of the center rotor type.
优选这样设置两个彼此相对置的侧地板，使得它们沿彼此相反的转动方向或移动方向从收起位置枢转/移动到伸出位置中。
The two opposite side floor plates are preferably arranged such that they are pivoted out/displaced from the stowed position into the deployed position in opposite directions of rotation and/or displacement.
例如如果沿主作业方向看在右侧的侧地板在顺时针方向上枢转到伸出位置中，则沿主作业方向看在左侧的侧地板因此优选在逆时针方向上枢转到伸出位置中。
If, for example, the right-hand side floor plate, viewed in the main working direction, pivots out into the deployed position in a clockwise direction, the left-hand side floor plate, viewed in the main working direction, thus preferably pivots out into the deployed position in a counter-clockwise direction.
补充或替代地，这两个侧地板也可设置和/或构造成彼此镜像对称的，对称轴沿地面铣刨机的纵向中心轴线延伸。
Additionally or alternatively, the two side floor plates may also be arranged and/or configured in a mirror-symmetrical manner, with the symmetry axis running along the longitudinal center line of the ground milling machine.
优选侧地板尽可能这样设置在收起位置中，使得其不妨碍操作者在驾驶台内的活动空间。
It is preferable for the side floor plate in the stowed position to be positioned as far as possible in such a manner that it does not obstruct the operator's freedom of movement on the operator platform.
因此有利的是，侧地板至少在收起位置中沿竖直方向设置在主地板下方。
Therefore, the side floor plate is advantageously arranged vertically below the main floor plate at least in the stowed position.
以此方式防止转入的侧地板以任何方式妨碍操作者在主地板上的活动空间。
In this manner, the pivoted-in side floor plate is prevented from obstructing the operator's freedom of movement on the main floor plate in any form.
在实际使用中，经常发生以下情况：位于驾驶台中的操作者向侧面倾身探出驾驶台，以便例如获得看向地面铣刨机侧面区域的更进一步改善的视线。
In practical work, it is often the case that the operator on the operator platform leans out sideways over the operator platform, for example to obtain a further improved view of the side region of the ground milling machine.
在此情况下已知，在驾驶台上设置有尤其是栏杆形式的防坠落装置，驾驶员可向外侧倚靠在该防坠落装置上。
In this connection, it is known to provide the operator platform with a fall protection device, in particular in the form of a railing, against which the driver can support himself towards the outside.
结合本发明现在优选设置这样的防坠落装置，其可与侧地板一起尤其是也围绕侧地板的枢转轴线在伸出位置和收起位置之间调节。
In connection with the present invention, it is now preferred that a fall protection device is provided which is adjustable between the deployed position and the stowed position together with the side floor plate, in particular also about the rotation axis of the side floor plate.
因此最佳的是可与侧地板一起在伸出位置和收起位置之间运动的防坠落装置、尤其是以栏杆的形式，因此无论侧地板处于伸出位置还是收起位置，驾驶员均可倚靠防坠落装置。
An optimal solution is therefore a fall protection device which is movable between the deployed position and the stowed position together with the side floor plate, in particular in the form of a railing, so that the driver can lean against the fall protection device both when the side floor plate is in the outer position and when it is in the stowed position.
如果防坠落装置与侧地板一起运动，则可确保防坠落装置始终最佳地相对于驾驶台定向。
If it moves along with the side floor plate, it is ensured that the fall protection device is always optimally aligned relative to the operator platform.
在此理想的是，防坠落装置相对于侧地板位置固定、尤其是与其直接连接。
In an ideal configuration, the fall protection device is stationary relative to the side floor plate, in particular directly connected to the latter.
以此方式可以以相对简单的方式实现侧地板与防坠落装置的共同可调节性。
In this manner, the joint adjustability of the side floor plate together with the fall protection device can be achieved in a relatively simple way.
另外，防坠落装置对于站立在驾驶台主地板上的操作者而言通常位于抓取或臀部高度。
Moreover, the fall protection device is usually located at handle or waist height for an operator standing on the main floor plate of the operator platform.
如果防坠落装置相对于侧地板位置固定，则操作者可根据其当前需要而通过调节防坠落装置也相应间接地调节侧地板的位置。
If the fall protection device is stationary relative to the side floor plate, the operator can indirectly adjust the position of the side floor plate according to his current needs by adjusting the fall protection device.
此外，防坠落装置可包括补偿装置或补偿件，其补偿防坠落装与机器其余部分的空隙，该空隙在防坠落装置与侧地板一起从收起位置枢转到伸出位置时形成。
The fall protection device may further comprise a compensation device or a compensation member which compensates for the gap between the fall protection device and the rest of the machine which opens up when the fall protection device is pivoted from the stowed position into the deployed position together with the side floor plate.
这例如可以是链条或可伸缩栏杆元件。
This may be, for example, a chain or also a telescopic railing element.
重要的是，该补偿装置根据枢转位置而跨越固定在侧地板上的防坠落装置的距离并且以此方式与侧地板的当前位置无关地实现整体上连续的防坠落装置。
What is essential is that this compensation device bridges the distance from the fall protection device fixed relative to the side floor plate depending on the pivot position and thus enables an overall continuous fall protection regardless of the current position of the side floor plate.
在一种具体的实施方式中，侧地板构造成基本上是平面的。
In a specific embodiment, the side floor plate is essentially planar.
补充或替代地，也可规定，尤其是平面的侧地板关于其站立面以小于90°至80°的角度相对于竖直枢转轴线倾斜。
Additionally or alternatively, the, in particular planar, side floor plate may be slanted relative to the vertical pivot axis at an angle of less than 90° to 80° with respect to its standing area.
换句话说，在此情况下，侧地板的站立面相对于竖直枢转轴线倾斜。
In other words, the side floor plate is in this case inclined relative to the vertical pivot axis with respect to its standing area.
因此，这种实施方式例如能实现侧地板的向侧面上升的站立面，这在个别情况下是有利的。
This embodiments thus enables a laterally ascending standing area of the side floor plate, which may be advantageous in individual cases.
该方案还可与这样的调节机构组合，通过该调节机构，侧地板在于收起位置与伸出位置之间枢转时例如借助升降枢转传动机构(Hub-Schwenk-Getriebe)在竖直方向上沿枢转轴线移动。
This variant may also be combined with an adjustment mechanism via which the side floor plate is displaced vertically along the pivot axis when pivoting between the stowed position and the deployed position, for example using a lift and pivot gear.
这例如可通过适合的螺旋槽导向装置或类似物实现，如下面将更详细地说明的。
This may be done, for example, via a suitable spiral groove guide or the like, as will be explained in more detail below.
侧地板和主地板优选这样相对于彼此设置，使得它们在侧地板处于转出和/或收起位置时沿竖直方向重叠。
The side floor plate and the main floor plate are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a manner that they overlap in the vertical direction when the side floor plate is in the pivoted-out and/or in the stowed position.
由此防止在这两个元件之间形成沿竖直方向向下敞开的空间。
This prevents the formation of a free space between these two elements that is open downwards in the vertical direction.
但在从主地板到侧地板的过渡区域中出现台阶，其构成沿竖直方向的高度错开，由此可产生绊倒危险。
However, a step constituting a height offset in the vertical direction may then occur in the step-over region from the main floor plate to the side floor plate, which may cause a tripping hazard.
出于该原因，优选设置防绊倒装置，其补偿或减小侧地板相对于主地板的竖直错开。
For this reason, it is preferable if a trip protection device is provided which compensates for or reduces a vertical offset of the side floor plate to the main floor plate.
因此原则上这样构造防绊倒装置，使得其克服侧地板和主地板之间跳跃的过渡边缘。
The trip protection device is thus generally configured such that it counteracts a sudden step-over edge between the side floor plate and the main floor plate.
优选防绊倒装置例如构造成设置在主地板上并且沿水平方向至少部分地覆盖侧地板的补偿唇、尤其是橡胶唇。
The trip protection device is preferably configured, for example, as a compensation lip, in particular a rubber lip, which is arranged on the main floor plate and at least partially overlaps the side floor plate in a horizontal direction.
因此，该补偿唇从主地板开始覆盖侧地板的表面或在其上延伸。
Starting from the main floor plate, this compensation lip thus overlaps the surface of the side floor plate or sweeps over the latter.
对于侧地板沿竖直方向设置在主地板下方的情况下，补偿唇构造成从主地板向侧地板方向倾斜下降的楔形。
In the case that the side floor plate is arranged vertically below the main floor plate, the compensation lip is shaped as a wedge sloping downward from the main floor plate towards the side floor plate.
在此可补充或替代地附件规定，补偿唇在主地板区域中沿竖直方向局部向上突出超过主地板的其余站立面。
Additionally or alternatively, the compensation lip in the region of the main floor plate may protrude in the vertical direction partially upwards over the remaining standing area of the main floor plate.
由此提供对于位于驾驶台中的操作者可感知的地板凸起，这样他就可以注意到他正从主地板到达侧地板。
As a result, a floor elevation is created that can be felt by the operator on the operator platform, so that he notices when he steps over from the main floor plate to the side floor plate.
补充或替代地，例如也可这样构造防绊倒装置，使得当侧地板在其收起位置和其伸出位置之间调节时，防绊倒装置引起侧地板沿其旋转轴线的移动。
Additionally or alternatively, the trip protection device may, for example, also be configured such that it causes a displacement of the side plate along its rotation axis upon adjustment of the side plate between its stowed position and its deployed position.
为此，侧地板的站立面尤其是以小于90°至80°的角度相对于竖直枢转轴线倾斜地设置。
To this end, the side plate is slanted in particular at an angle of less than 90° to 80° relative to the vertical pivot axis with respect to its standing area.
在此现在可规定，侧地板在从收起位置枢转到其伸出位置时因此沿枢转轴线例如被向上推，从而沿竖直方向至少部分补偿侧地板和主地板之间的竖直错开。
In this case, the side plate now may, for example, be pushed upwards along the pivot axis when being pivoted from the stowed position into its deployed position, so that the vertical offset between the side floor plate and the main floor plate is at least partially compensated in the vertical direction.
补充或替代地，也可在侧地板和主地板之间设置升降枢转导向装置(Schubschwenkführung)、如螺旋导向装置、尤其是作为枢转轴承的一部分，借助该枢转轴承，侧地板可枢转地支承在机器的其余部分上，使得侧地板在于收起位置和伸出位置之间运动时至少部分地在竖直方向上沿枢转轴线移动。
Additionally or alternatively, a thrust pivot guide, for example a spiral guide, may also be provided between the side floor plate and the main floor plate, in particular as part of a pivot bearing by means of which the side floor plate is pivotably mounted on the rest of the machine, such that the side floor plate is at least partially displaced in the vertical direction along the rotation axis during movement between the stowed position and the deployed position.
螺旋导向装置在侧地板侧例如可以是轴承套筒的螺旋槽，枢转轴承的机器侧轴承轴(Lagerachse)的导向销嵌入该螺旋槽中。
For this, the spiral guide may, for example, be a spiral groove of a bearing sleeve on the side of the side floor plate, which is engaged by a guide pin of a machine-side bearing shaft of the pivot bearing.
还可这样构造螺旋导向装置，使得其引起侧地板的连续竖直调节。
The spiral guide may further be configured such that it causes a continuous vertical adjustment of the side floor plate.
但也可规定，螺旋引导装置引起侧地板的不连续竖直调节，尤其是使得侧地板的竖直运动在从侧地板从收起位置到伸出位置的枢转运动结束时才实现。
It is, however, also possible that the spiral guide causes a discontinuous vertical adjustment of the side floor plate, in particular in such a manner that a vertical adjustment of the side floor plate is achieved only towards the end of the pivot movement from the stowed position into the deployed position of the side floor plate.
为此例如也可规定，在侧地板中在其朝向机器其余部分的边缘区域中设置一个沿竖直方向向下错开的阶梯元件，该阶梯元件在侧地板处于伸出位置时位于主地板下方。
For this, the side floor plate may, in its edge region facing the rest of the machine, have a step element offset downwards in the vertical direction which lies below the main floor plate when the side floor plate is in the deployed position.
错开量在此优选大约相应于主地板在与侧地板的连接区域中沿竖直方向的厚度，从而以此方式在主地板和侧地板的侧向超过主地板的部分之间获得沿竖直方向看几乎无错开的过渡部。
The offset in this case preferably corresponds approximately to the thickness of the main floor plate in the vertical direction in the connection area to the side floor plate, so that in this way an almost offset-free transition between the main floor plate and the part of the side floor plate projecting laterally beyond the main floor plate is obtained in the vertical direction.
也可将侧地板相对于主地板的竖直错开构造得相对较小或在多个阶梯上延伸的。
It is also possible to make the vertical offset between the side base plate and the main base plate relatively small or in several steps.
在此已证明特别有利的是，侧地板具有多个扇形设置并且沿竖直方向彼此错开并且尤其是围绕旋转轴线可相对于彼此调节的板段。
Here, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the side floor plate has several plate segments which are arranged in a fan-like manner, offset to one another in the vertical direction and adjustable relative to one another, especially about the rotation axis.
在该实施方式中，各个板段的竖直厚度例如可构造得相对窄，从而获得总共多个楼梯状错开台阶，但它们单独的绊倒危险相对低。
With this embodiment, the individual plate segments may, for example, be relatively narrow in their vertical thickness, so that overall several stair-like offset steps are obtained which pose a relatively low individual risk of tripping.
优选所述多个板段全部围绕竖直枢转轴线枢转。
Said several plate segments preferably all pivot about the vertical pivot axis.
优选侧地板在最大伸出位置和收起位置之间在水平面中围绕竖直枢转轴线的枢转角度小于90°、尤其是小于60°、和/或大于15°、尤其是大于20°。
The pivoting angle of the side floor plate between a maximally deployed position and the stowed position in the horizontal plane about the vertical pivot axis is preferably less than 90°, in particular less than 60°, and/or more than 15°, in particular more than 20°.
此外，优选在收起位置方向上和/或在至少一个最大伸出位置的方向上还存在枢转限制。
Preferably, a pivot limitation device is further provided in the direction of the stowed position and/or in the direction of at least one maximally deployed position.
这样构造枢转限制装置，使得其防止侧地板移动超过定义位置。
The pivot limitation device is configured such that it prevents the side floor plate from moving beyond a predetermined position.
这尤其是涉及侧地板和机器侧元件之间适合的止挡，以确保侧地板在收起位置和/或伸出位置中的定义位置。
This is in particular a suitable stop between the side floor plate and a machine-side element to ensure a defined position of the side floor plate in the stowed position and/or the deployed position.
为了允许可靠地保持侧地板在转出和/或收起位置中的定位，优选设置锁止装置，这样构造该锁止装置，使得其将侧地板锁止在至少一个定义的收起位置和/或至少一个定义的伸出位置中。
To enable the positioning of the side floor plate to be safely maintained in the deployed an/or stowed position, a locking device is preferably provided which is configured such that it locks the side floor plate in at least one defined stowed position and/or in at least one defined deployed position.
因此借助锁止装置将侧地板锁定在相应位置中。
The side floor plate is thus locked in the respective position with the aid of the locking device.
如果要将侧地板移出该位置，则必须首先将锁止装置从其锁止位置调节到释放位置或者说释放锁止。
If the side floor plate is to be moved out of this position, the locking device must first be moved from its locking position to a release position, i.e. the lock must be released.
用于传播频率范围在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的组件
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
本发明涉及到用于传播频率在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的塑料波导的领域，更具体地涉及到包括这种塑料波导的改进的波传播组件。
The present invention relates to the field of plastic waveguides for the propagation of waves of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz, and more particularly relates to an improved assembly for the propagation of waves including such a plastic waveguide.
本发明还涉及到包括这种组件的用于高速传输信号的有线或无线通信链路。
It relates also to a wired or wireless communication link for the transmission of signals at high speed, which includes such an assembly.
频率在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波是非电离辐射，其可穿透范围广泛的非导电材料，比如木头、塑料、陶瓷和纸。
Waves having frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz are non-ionizing radiation which can penetrate a wide range of non-conducting materials such as wood, plastic, ceramics and paper.
而且，所述波在比如光谱学、物理学、通信、图像、医学领域和生物学等技术领域提供了广泛的新机遇，仅列举几个领域为例。
Also, these waves offer new and extensive opportunities in technical fields as varied as spectroscopy, physics, communications, imagery, the medical field and biology, to name just a few fields.
近年来，为了提供这种波的传播，人们已经进行了大量研究，因为可供在其它频率范围引导电磁波的波导不适合。
A vast amount of research has been carried out for several years to provide for the propagation of such waves since the waveguides available to guide electromagnetic waves in other frequency domains are not suitable.
尤其是，现有波导不适合引导太赫兹波，其频率为0.1太赫至10太赫之间。
In particular, existing waveguides are not suitable for guiding terahertz waves, the frequencies of which are between 0.1 THz and 10 THz.
因此为了传播太赫兹波已经生产了由塑性材料制成的波导。
Waveguides made of plastic material have thus been produced for the propagation of terahertz waves.
相对于为了引导太赫兹波而开发的复杂且刚性的金属基的设备，尽管塑料波导形成了显著进步，但是这些由塑性材料制成的波导显现出诸多弊端。
Although forming a notable advancement over metal-based devices developed for guiding terahertz waves, which devices are complex and rigid, these waveguides made of plastic material exhibit drawbacks.
特别地，已经观察到，如果一部分波在塑料波导中传播良好，另一部分太赫兹波则在塑料波导外传播。
Specifically, it is observed that if a part of the waves propagates well within the plastic waveguide, another part of the terahertz waves propagates outside it.
现有技术用于传播太赫兹波的这些塑料波导因此对外部接触极其敏感，这样会导致信号强度的显著损失。
These plastic waveguides for the propagation of terahertz waves of the prior art are, consequently, extremely sensitive to external contacts, which can bring about significant losses in intensity of the signal.
举例来说，把这种塑料波导放在桌子上因此是不可能的，也不能对其进行处理。
By way of illustration, it is hence not possible to have such plastic waveguides rest on a table, nor to handle them.
为了解决这些弊端，人们因此试图用低介电常数的介电材料覆盖这些塑料波导或者将其放在泡沫中。
To address these drawbacks, an attempt has therefore been made to cover these plastic waveguides with a low-permittivity dielectric material or to place them in a foam.
也可以采用低损耗的材料，从而不增加由于传播引起的衰减造成的损耗。
Low-loss materials are also adopted so as not to increase losses through attenuations due to the propagation.
然而，其结果是增加了用于传播太赫兹波的这些塑料波导的制造成本，其波导的制造也更加复杂。
However, the result of this is an increased cost of manufacture of these plastic waveguides for the propagation of terahertz waves, which waveguides are also more complex to produce.
此外，泡沫的使用是这种太赫兹波导的机械稳定性和可靠性的风险来源。
Furthermore, the use of foam is a source of risks for the mechanical stability and reliability of such terahertz wave guides.
因此受到保护的太赫兹波导的尺寸也增加了。
The size of the terahertz waveguides thus protected also turns out to be increased.
因此，迫切需要用于传播太赫兹波的组件，更普遍而言，需要用于传播频率范围在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的组件，其原创设计解决了上述现有技术的缺点。
A pressing need therefore exists for an assembly for the propagation of terahertz waves, and more generally for the propagation of waves in the frequency domain between 1 GHz and 10 THz, the original design of which addresses the drawbacks of the prior art recalled above.
本发明涉及到一种用于传播频率在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的组件，其设计及其运行模式简单，所述组件可靠而且经济，与此同时能够进行高速数据传输。
The present invention relates to an assembly for the propagation of waves of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz, that is simple in its design and in its mode of operation, reliable and economic while enabling a high-speed data transfer.
本发明的另一个目的是一种包括这种用于传播频率在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的组件的有线或无线通信链路，所述链路成本不太高，并且提供较宽的带宽以及高度的机械可靠性。
Another subject of the present invention is a wired or wireless communication link including such an assembly for the propagation of waves of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz, said link not being very expensive and providing a wide bandwidth and a high degree of mechanical reliability.
本发明还有的另一个目的是在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的频带中接收/发射电磁波的包括用于波传播的如此组件的装置。
Yet another subject of the present invention is a device for receiving/transmitting electromagnetic waves in the band of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz including such an assembly for the propagation of waves.
为此，本发明涉及到用于传播频率在1千兆赫与10太赫之间的波的组件。
To this end, the invention relates to an assembly for the propagation of waves of frequencies between 1 GHz and 10 THz.
根据本发明，该组件包括：
According to the invention, this assembly comprises:
(a)引导所述波的波导，该波导是由塑性材料制成的，一部分所述波在该波导内传播，另一部分所述波在该波导外传播，以及
(a) a waveguide to guide said waves, this waveguide being produced from a plastic material, a part of said waves propagating inside this waveguide and another part of said waves propagating outside this waveguide, and
(b)包围波导的保护性覆盖物，所述保护性覆盖物界定该波导与该覆盖物之间的一个或多个空间，在该波导外传播的波容纳在所述一个或多个空间中，所述保护性覆盖物因此形成保护这些波免受外界干扰的屏障。
(b) a protective covering which surrounds the waveguide delimiting one or more spaces between this waveguide and this covering, in which space or spaces the waves propagating outside this waveguide are contained, said protective covering thus forming a barrier to protect these waves from external disturbances.
有利地，因此观察到，该保护性覆盖物真正地将在波导内以及在波导外传播的波与外部隔离开来，并因此保证把外部干扰对波的影响减少到最少。
Advantageously, it is thus observed that this protective covering genuinely isolates from the exterior the waves propagating inside the waveguide and outside the waveguide, and consequently provides for minimizing the impact of external disturbances on the waves.
通过形成屏障，该保护性覆盖物还防止进入在波导外传播的波在其中发展的所述一个或多个空间，。
By forming a barrier, this protective covering also prevents access to the space or spaces in which the waves propagating outside the waveguide develop.
因此，在没有信号强度显著损失的情况下，可具有组件与外部的一个或多个接触区域。
It is therefore possible to have one or more areas of contact of the assembly with the exterior without a significant loss in signal intensity.
优选地，该保护性覆盖物或护套与该波导同心地设置。
Preferably, this protective covering, or sheath, is arranged concentrically with this waveguide.
在用于波传播的该组件的各种特殊实施例中，各具有其特殊优点并且向多个可能性的技术组合开放：
In various particular embodiments of this assembly for the propagation of waves, each having its particular advantages and open to numerous possible technical combinations:
-用诸如空气这样的气态流体填充所述一个或多个空间。
said space is filled, or said spaces are filled, with a gaseous fluid such as air.
作为选择，所述一个或多个空间是真空的。
Alternatively, this space or these spaces are vacuums.
再次作为选择，可以用介电材料填充所述一个或多个空间，所述介电材料的介电常数低于所述波导的介电常数。
Alternatively again, this space or these spaces can be filled with a dielectric material having a permittivity lower than the permittivity of said waveguide.
纯粹是举例说明，介电常数低于所述波导的介电常数的介电材料是泡沫。
Purely by way of illustration, the dielectric material having a permittivity lower than the permittivity of said waveguide is a foam.
-该保护性覆盖物是细长的管状元件，所述管状元件的厚度W至少这样来确定，使所述保护性覆盖物对传播模式的影响减少到最少。
this protective covering being an elongated tubular element, at least the thickness W of said tubular element is determined so as to minimize the influence of said protective covering on the modes of propagation.
优选地，因此配置该保护性覆盖物，不仅便于生产用于波传播的组件，而且还防止其扰乱波在波导内的传播模式。
Preferably, this protective covering is thus configured not only to facilitate the production of the assembly for the propagation of waves, but also to prevent it from disrupting the modes of propagation of waves inside the waveguide.
举例来说，该细长管状部件可呈现正方形、矩形、椭圆形等截面。
By way of example, this elongated tubular component can exhibit a square, rectangular, elliptical etc cross-section.
-该保护性覆盖物呈现圆形或者大体为圆形的横截面。
this protective covering exhibits a circular or substantially circular transverse cross-section.
有利地，保护性覆盖物的这种配置使之能够限制组件与平坦表面的接触，并因此限制外部干扰。
Advantageously, such a configuration of the protective covering provides for limiting contacts of the assembly with a flat surface and, consequently, limits external disturbances.
然而，可以从包括正方形、矩形、椭圆形等形状的一组形状中选择该横截面的形状。
Nevertheless, the shape of this transverse cross-section can also be chosen from the group comprising a square, rectangular, elliptical, etc shape.
更普遍而言，保护性覆盖物可呈现有助于去除外部干扰的表面凹凸。
More generally, the protective covering could exhibit a surface relief contributing toward the removal of external disturbances.
例如，保护性覆盖物的周边可呈现挡边或突起。
For example, the periphery of the protective covering could exhibit ribs or protrusions.
-所述波导呈现正方形、矩形或十字形的横截面。
said waveguide exhibits a square, rectangular or cross-shaped transverse cross-section.
所述波导呈现十字形横截面，所述十字形横截面可以是实心的或者包括一个或多个孔。
Said waveguide exhibiting a cross-shaped transverse cross-section, the latter can be solid or include one or more holes.