mwirth-epo/epo-nmt-datasets huggingface dataset:
La figura 1a es una vista en alzado lateral de un suplemento esférico anular hecho de tela contorneada esfericamente, fabricada por el aparato de acuerdo con la presente invención;
Other and further objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1a is a side elevation views of an annular spherical shim made from spherically contoured fabric produced by the apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 1b is a plan view of a developed piece of fabric which can be formed into the shim of Fig. 1a; Fig. 2a is a diagrammatic side elevation view of a conventional rapier-type loom; Fig. 2b is as front elevation view of the loom of Fig. 2a; Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a contoured mandrel of a type which has been used on the loom of Figs. 2a and 2b; Figs. 4a and 4b are respectively schematic plan and end views of a contoured mandrel with fabric being wound there-around on a conventional rapier-type loom; Fig. 5 is an elevation view of a mandrel according to the present invention for producing spherically contoured fabric; Fig. 6 is an end view of the mandrel of Fig. 5 as it would be placed in a conventional rapier-type loom without the improvement of the present invention; Fig. 7a is a schematic end elevation view similar to Fig. 5 showing the improved mandrel and associated structure for a rapier-type loom according to the present invention; Fig. 7b is a plan view of the structure of Fig. 7a; and Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of a part of an annular member formed from the spherically contoured fabric made on the apparatus according to the present invention.
La figura 1b es una vista en planta de una pieza desarrollada del tejido, que puede ser formada dentro del suplemento de la figura 1a;
Detailed description of the Invention
La figura 2a es una vista en alzado lateral esquemática de un telar tipo espada convencional;
One embodiment of the spherically contoured fabric product which it is desired to produce is shown in Figs. 1a and 1b, and it consists of a spherically contoured piece of fabric preferably made of a difficult to weave fiber, such as low or medium modulus carbon fiber, which is to serve as an annular spherical shim for use in a rocket nozzle.
La figura 2b es una vista en alzado frontal del telar de la figura 2a;
The product, in its finished form as shown in Fig. 1a, is constituted by a section of a sphere, shown in broken lines, which is defined between two parallel planes which extend perpendicularly to the vertical axis of the sphere.
La figura 3 es una vista de una sección esquemática de un mandril de superficie contorneada, de un tipo que ha sido usado en el telar de las figuras 2a y 2b;
As will be appreciated, the shim is designed to lie against the inside of a concave spherical part of the rocket nozzle to shim up a further part which fits into the spherical portion against which the shim rests.
Las figuras 4a y 4b son respectivamente un plano esquemático y las vistas de los extremos de un mandril de superficie contorneada con el tejido enrollado alrededor del mismo en un telar tipo espada convencional;
Thus, the configuration of the exterior of the shim is part of the surface of a sphere.As can be seen from the right-hand sectional portion, the cross section of the fabric will be circularly curved.
La figura 5 es una vista en alzado de un mandril según la presente invención para fabricar un tejido de superficie contorneada esfericamente.
The product is made up from the developed shape as shown in Fig. 1b, and it will be appreciated that the cross section of the developed shape will be the same as that shown in the right-hand part of Fig. 1a, and when the shape lies convex side down on a surface, the shape will be slightly convexly curved upwardly.
La figura 6 es una vista del extremo del mandril de la figura 5 como se colocaría en un telar tipo espada convencional sin la mejora de la presente invención;
It is this developed shape which is produced from the improved rapier-type loom according to the present invention.
La figura 7a es una vista esquemática en alzado del extremo similar a la figura 5 mostrando el mandril mejorado y la estructura asociada para un telar tipo espada según la presente invención;
As can be seen from the drawings, the outermost warp fiber f of the developed shape will be at a radius r from the center of the shape, and the intermediate warp fibers Fi will be at radii ri.
La figura 7b es una vista esquemática en planta de una parte de un miembro anular formado a partir del tejido de superficie contorneada esfericamente obtenido en el aparatao según la presente invención.
The weft fibers will extend substantially radially across the warp fibers, as shown schematically at the portion F in Fig. 1b.
Una versión del tejido de superficie contorneada esfericamente que se desea fabricar se muestra en las figuras 1a y 1b, y consiste en una pieza de tejido de superficie contorneada esfericamente, obtenida de preferencia a partir de una fibra difícil de tejer, como p. ej. una fibra de carbón de módulo bajo o medio, que sirve de suplemento esférico anular para utilizar en la tobera de un cohete.
The manner in which this particular shape of fabric is obtained from the loom will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
El producto en su forma acabada como se muestra en la figura la está formado por la sección de una esfera, indicada por una línea de puntos, limitada entre dos planos paralelos que se extienden perpendicularmente al eje vertical de la esfera.
As pointed out above, the fabric is produced on an improved loom, which is variously known in the art as a shuttleless loom, a needle-type loom, or a rapier-type loom.
Como se apreciará el suplemento se diseña para estar apoyado contra el interior de una parte esférica cóncava de la tobera de un cohete para suplementar otra parte que ajusta en la parte esférica contra la cual el suplemento descansa.
A conventinal loom of this type is shown somewhat schematically in Figs. 2a and 2b, and generally consists of a frame 10 which carries the remainder of the loom parts.
De esta forma la configuración del exterior del suplemento es parte de la superficie de una esfera.
Warp fibers or threads 11 are supplied from a creel 12 which contains a number of spools 12a on which the individual warp fibers 11 are wound, and they are supplied past a guide bar means 13 to a conventional shedding mechanism, which includes the conventional harnesses 14 which carry the heddles 15 to which the individual warp fibers are fed in an alternating pattern according to the weave desired.
Como puede verse en la parte derecha de la sección, la sección transversal del tejido estará curvada circularmente.
The up and down movement of the harnesses 14 is provided by the harness driving means 16 shown schematically, in a conventional fashion.Within the shed is the lay 17 on which the needle guide 18 is provided, the lay being driven in a conventional manner by a lay driving means 19 in order to beat up the weft fibers which are carried across the shed by a needle.
El producto se forma a partir de la forma desarrollada como se indica en la figura 1b, en donde se ve que la sección transversal de la forma desarrollada será la misma que se aprecia en la parte derecha de la figura 1a, y cuando la forma se apoye con el lado convexo sobre una superficie, la forma estará curvada con una ligera convexidad hacia arriba.
In the particular type of apparatus which has been in current use for the production of fabric from the Kevlar yarn, there is a pair of press rolls 20 at the downstream end of the shed where the weft fibers are beat up, and the thus woven fabric extends around a driven mandrel 21 over an idler roller 22 immediately above the mandrel 21, and is held against the mandrel by a nip roller 23 so as to be drawn off the loom by rotation of the mandrel.
Es esta forma desarrollada la que se fabrica a partir del telar tipo espada mejorado según la presente invención.
From the nip roller, the fabric is wound up on a fabric take-up roll 24.
Como puede verse a partir de los dibujos, la fibra f más hacia el exterior de la urdimbre de la forma desarrollada tendrá un radio r desde el centro de la forma, y las fibras Fi intermedias de la urdimbre tendrán los radios ri.
The loom of course has all of the conventional mechanisms for its complete operation, all of which are conventional and well known to those skilled in the art.
es una vista de una representación ampliada de la parte de vástago del extremo anterior de la llave plana;
The security of the lock is improved since the broad side of the key comprises a projecting longitudinal rib, into which at least one locking indentation formed on the opposite broad side of the key extends.
La figura 5
The flat key is therefore made thicker which allows the number of step drops to be increased without having to reduce the dimensions of the step drop.
es un corte transversal longitudinal de una zona del dispositivo de bloqueo en la fase inicial de inserción de la llave plana;
The design can preferably be arranged so that the end of the bottom of the entry slot lying at the insertion end departs from the crest of the longitudinal rib.
es otra representación de la vista de la figura 7 en una fase posterior, en la que el tetón de bombín es desplazado aún más por el fondo de la ranura de entrada;
It is however also possible, that the end of the longitudinal rib lying at the insertion end is set back relative to the front of the key in the direction of the lengthwise extension of the key.
es una representación en perspectiva de un tetón de bombín;
In this way a centering end is provided, which assists in the insertion of the key into the keyway.
es una vista parcialmente en alzado y parcialmente en corte, del cilindro de cerradura de acuerdo con una segunda realización de un dispositivo de cierre según la invención;
The flat key according to the invention can be designed as a reversible flat key.
es un corte transversal longitudinal del cilindro de cerradura a nivel de la bocallave;
If the associated lock cylinder comprises a single row of pin tumblers, then the reversible flat key on each broad side is to be provided with one row of recesses, which are positioned staggered relative to each other.
es una vista de un corte del extremo frontal de la correspondiente llave plana reversible;
It is further possible to arrange two rows of recesses, with associated entry slots and control zones, on each broad side.
es una vista de un corte tomado a lo largo de la línea XVI-XVI de la figura 14;
A transposition of the recess rows of one broad side to those of the other broad side can then be carried out so that the bottom of the entry slot can extend from one to the other broad side of the key.
es una representación en corte de la inserción de la llave plana reversible en la fase inicial de contacto del chaflán de accionamiento del tetón de bombín; y
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a view of the lock cylinder according to a first embodiment of a locking device according to the invention; Figure 2 a section along the line II-II of Figure 1; Figure 3 in enlarged representation a view of the shank portion of the front end of a flat key; Figure 4 a front view of the Figure 3; Figure 5 a section along the line V-V of Figure 3; Figure 6 in perspective representation the shank portion of the front end of the key; Figure 7 in longitudinal cross-section, an area of the locking device at the initial stage of inserting the flat key; Figure 8 a further representation of the view of Figure 7 at a later stage, in which the plug pin is further displaced by the bottom of the entry slot; Figure 9 a further representation, in which the plug pin is displaced to a greater extent; Figure 10 in perspective representation, one plug pin; Figure 11 partially in elevation, partially in sectional view the lock cylinder according to a second embodiment of a locking device according to the invention; Figure 12 a longitudinal cross-section through the lock cylinder at the level of the keyway; Figure 13 a view of a section of the front end of the associated reversible flat key; Figure 14 a view of the key front outlining the plug pins therebelow; Figure 15 the sectional view along the line XV-XV of Figure 14; Figure 16 the sectional view along the line XVI-XVI of Figure 14; Figure 17 the sectional view along the line XVII-XVII of Figure 14; Figure 18 a perspective representation of the key front of the reversible flat key; Figure 19 a sectional representation of the insertion of the reversible flat key at the initial stage of the impingement of the drive bevel of the plug pin, and Figure 20 a representation corresponding to Figure 19, in which the plug pin is displaced by the bottom of the entry slot.
Un dispositivo de cierre de acuerdo con una primera realización de la invención, como se muestra en las figuras 1 a 10, comprende un cilindro 1 de cerradura y una llave plana reversible 2.
A locking device according to a first embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 10, comprises a lock cylinder 1 and a reversible flat key 2.
El cilindro 1 de cerradura comprende un alojamiento 3 del cilindro que está dotado en su extremo anterior de una pestaña 4.
The lock cylinder 1 comprises a cylinder housing 3, which is provided at its front end with a flange 4.
La sección escalonada hacia abajo adjunta a la pestaña, está roscada a lo largo de su circunferencia.
The stepped-down section adjoining the flange is threaded along its circumference.
En un emplazamiento no concéntrico con relación al alojamiento 3 del cilindro se extiende dentro de dicho alojamiento un ánima 5 para alojar el bombín 6 del cilindro.
In a non-concentric location relative to the cylinder housing 3, there extends inside the latter a bore 5 for housing a cylinder plug 6.
Este último está bloqueado en su sitio en dirección axial.
The latter is locked in position in the axial direction.
El bombín 6 del cilindro es atravesado por una bocallave 7 extendida a lo largo de la dirección longitudinal, cuyo lado estrecho se extiende hacia arriba hasta el ánima 5 del bombín del cilindro.
The cylinder plug 6 is penetrated by a keyway 7 extending along the longitudinal direction, the one narrow side of which extends up to the cylinder plug bore 5.
Una ranuras continuas 10, 11 se apartan de las paredes 8, 9 de la bocallave, alternadas entre sí, y tienen una sección transversal trapezoidal.
Continuous slots 10, 11 depart from the keyway walls 8, 9 staggered relative to each other, and having a trapezoidal cross-section.
El bombín 6 del cilindro está dotado, perpendicularmente a su bocallave 7, de unas ánimas 12 consecutivas de tetón de bombín en forma de gota, para alojar los tetones 13 de bombín de sección transversal equivalente, cuyas cabezas en punta 14 sobresalen dentro de la bocallave 7 y se acoplan a la ranura 10 o descansan contra su fondo.
Running perpendicular to the keyway 7 the cylinder plug 6 is provided with consecutive drop shaped plug pin bores 12 for housing cross-sectionally matched plug pins 13, the pointed heads 14 of which project into the keyway 7 and engage the slot 10 or rest against its bottom.
Los tetones 13 de bombín no giratorios son empujados al interior de su posición por los pivotes 15 del alojamiento que, por su parte, están montados desplazablemente en las ánimas 16 del alojamiento.
The non-pivotally mounted plug pins 13 are pushed into this position by housing pins 15, which on their part are displaceably mounted in housing bores 16.
Estas últimas están alineadas con las correspondientes ánimas 12 de los tetones de bombín, y alojan unos resortes de pivote (no mostrados aquí) que transmiten su fuerza a través de los pivotes 15 del alojamiento a los tetones 13 de bombín.
The latter align with the corresponding plug pin bores 12 and house pin-springs (not shown herein), which transmit their force through the housing pins 15 to the plug pins 13.
Cada tetón 13 de bombín cuenta con dos chaflanes 17 de accionamiento, separados una corta distancia de su frente, con los que hace contacto la llave plana reversible 2.
Each plug pin 13 is provided, spaced by a short distance from its front, with two drive bevels 17 impingable by the reversible flat key 2.
Los chaflanes 17, visto en la dirección de inserción de la llave, quedan en el lado próximo a la cabeza en punta 14 formada sobre un resalte plano 18 extendido en la dirección longitudinal de la bocallave, de modo que quedan concéntricos con el centro de los tetones de bombín.
The bevels 17 - viewed in the insertion direction of the key - lie at the side close to the pointed head 14, which is formed on a flat rib 18 extending in the longitudinal direction of the keyway so that it lies concentric with the centre of the plug pins.
Los chaflanes 17 de accionamiento están formados por la zona de transición a modo de escalón entre el resalte plano 18 y la circunferencia M del tetón de bombín adyacente.
The drive bevels 17 are formed by the step-like transition region between the flat rib 18 and the adjacent plug pin circumference M. The appropriate reversible flat key 2 comprises a key handle 19, (see Figure 4) and a partially illustrated key shank 20.
Su perfil de la sección transversal se asemeja al de la bocallave 7.
Its cross-sectional profile resembles that of the keyway 7.
En cada lado ancho de la llave B sobresale un nervio longitudinal 21.
From each broad side of the key B departs one longitudinal rib 21.
Gracias al diseño de la llave como llave plana reversible, los nervios longitudinales están alternados con respecto al eje central longitudinal de dicha llave.
Owing to the design of the key as a reversible flat key, the longitudinal ribs are staggered relative to the longitudinal centre axis of the key.
La forma de la sección transversal del nervio longitudinal 21 se asemeja a la de las ranuras 10, ll, en las paredes 8, 9 de la bocallave.
The cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal rib 21 resembles that of the slots 10, 11 in the keyway walls 8, 9.
Sobre cada cara B de lado ancho opuesta al nervio longitudinal 21, hay dispuestas unas indentaciones 22 para recibir los tetones de bombín.
On each broad side face B opposite the longitudinal rib 21 indentations 22 are provided to arrange the tumbler pins.
De acuerdo con la representación en línea de trazos de la figura 5, es posible que la indentación 22 se extienda hasta el interior del nervio longitudinal 21.
According to the dash-dotted representation in Figure 5 it is possible, that the indentation 22 extends as far as into the longitudinal rib 21.
Las indentaciones de cierre 22 de cada fila de rebajes están integradas en una ranura continua de nivel de fondo de ranura diferente, de modo que los niveles de fondo de ranura de indentaciones adyacentes 22 están conectados entre sí por las caras de fondo de ranura que discurren de modo rectilíneo.
The locking indentations 22 of each row of recesses are integrated to a continuous slot of different slot bottom level such that the slot bottom levels of adjacent indentations 22 are connected to each other by slot bottom faces running rectilinearly.
Esta invención se refiere a juntas de culata para motores de combustión interna, de acuerdo con la primera parte de la reivindicación 1.
This invention relates to cylinder head gaskets for internal combustion engines.
Las aberturas a los cilindros de tales juntas están, reforzadas con ojetes de tela metálica, cobre, acero inoxidable, aleación de niquel u otro metal.
The cylinder bore apertures of such gaskets are often reinforced with eyelets of wire gauze, copper, stainless steel, nickel base alloy or other metal.
Cuando el motor, véase por ejemplo el documento US-A-4662643, está funcionando, el bloque de cilindros no se calienta uniformemente.
When the engine is running the cylinder block does not get uniformly hot.
Por lo tanto, los ojetes de la junta, dado que tienen sus bordes en contacto con los gases calientes del cilindro, se calientan apreciablemente más que las zonas adyacentes entre las aberturas correspondientes a los cilindros.
Hence the gasket eyelets, since they have their edges in contact with hot cylinder gases, get appreciably hotter than the adjacent areas between the cylinder bore apertures.
Los gradientes térmicos resultantes pueden dar lugar a tensiones que pueden causar fallos de la junta, particularmente en aquellas juntas diseñadas para cilindros muy próximos (denominados "cilindros siameses").
The resulting thermal gradients can set up strains which may cause failure of the gasket, particularly in those gaskets designed for close-set cylinders (so-called 'siamesed bores').
Además, puede ocurrir cierta deformación del ojete de metal, conduciendo a fugas de gases de combustión.
Additionally, some distortion of the metal eyelet may occur, leading to leakage of combustion gases.
La presente invención se refiere a la consecución de una distribución más uniforme de la temperatura en una junta de culata durante el funcionamiento del motor.
The present invention is concerned with achieving a more even distribution of temperature in a cylinder head gasket during engine operation.
De acuerdo con la invención, se proporciona un elemento conductor del calor entre aberturas, correspondientes a los cilindros, adyacentes, de una junta de culata, el cual está en contacto térmico con los ojetes metálicos de esas aberturas y se extiende dentro de una abertura de paso de refrigerante de la junta.
According to the invention we provide between adjacent cylinder bore apertures of a cylinder head gasket a heat-conductive element which is in thermal contact with the metal eyelets of those apertures and extends into a coolant aperture of the gasket.
El elemento conductor del calor es, adecuadamente, una tira metálica, particulamente una tira de cobre o de aluminio.
The heat-conductive element is suitably of metal strip, particularly copper or aluminium strip.
Cuando la junta es un estratificado, el elemento puede estar incluído entre láminas adyacentes de él.
Where the gasket is a laminate, the element may be enclosed between adjacent laminae in it.
La Figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de una forma común de junta de culata en la cual el sombreado en diagonal indica zonas de riesgo debido a un calenteamiento no uniforme durante el funcionamiento del motor;
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of part of a common form of cylinder head gasket, in which the diagonal hatching indicates areas at risk through non-uniform heating during engine operation; and
La Figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva de una junta de acuerdo con la invención.
Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of a gasket according to the invention.
En los digujos, una junta 1, que es un estratificado de papel comprimido, tiene aberturas correspondientes a los cilindros protegidas por ojetes metálicos 2 y 3 y tiene otras aberturas, de las cuales la 4 y la 5 son para refrigerante.
In the drawings a gasket 1 which is a laminate of compressed paper has cylinder bore apertures protected by metal eyelets 2 and 3, and has other apertures of which 4 and 5 are for coolant.
Entre aberturas adyacentes correspondientes a los cilindros y dentro de la construcción estratificada hay una tira de cobre 7, en contacto térmico con los ojetes 2 y 3.
Between adjacent cylinder bore apertures and within the laminate construction there is a strip of copper 7, in thermal contact with the eyelets 2 and 3.
La tira tiene dedos 8 y 9 que penetran en aberturas 4 para refrigenrante.
The strip has fingers 8 and 9 which protrude into coolant apertures 4.
Durante el funcionamiento del motor, el calor en exceso generado en los ojetes 2 y 3 es transmitido rápidamente a través del elemento 7 hacia los pasos para refrigerante, del motor, correspondientes a las aberturas 4 de la junta.
During engine operation, excess heat generated in the eyelets 2 and 3 is conductive rapidly via element 7 into the coolant passages of the engine corresponding to apertures 4 in the gasket.