Elmira City Council — Elmira, NY
Date: 2023-12-19

Elmira City Council
RE: AGENDA, ELMIRA CITY Monday, December 18, 2023 – 5:30 PM
COUNCIL MEETING




 APPROVAL OF MINUTES

2023-392 Act on resolution dispensing with the minutes of the
Mayor Mandell Regular Meeting held on Monday, December 4, 2023.

 FIRST PUBLIC COMMENT PORTION

 IDENTIFICATION OF CONSENT ITEMS

 PERSONNEL ACTIONS

2023-393 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution receiving and placing on file the Personnel
 Action for the City of Elmira, whereby Peter J.
 Clearwater, has been appointed to the position of Public
 Works Specialist I, effective December 4, 2023, at an
 hourly rate of $18.14.

 RESOLUTIONS

2023-394
 Resolution Authorizing the Mayor to Execute Community
Mayor Mandell
 Development Block Grant Subrecipient Agreement for the
 CARES ACT




2023-395 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the issuance of a City credit card to
 the City Manager, City Chamberlain, and the Police Chief
 with maximum credit limits of $5,000.00 for each card and
 further authorizing the City Manager to issue City credit
 cards to such other City employees in need of such a card
 to be used solely in furtherance of City business, with
 maximum credit limits of $5,000.00 for each card; said
 authorization to the City Manager expires December 31,
 2025.

2023-396 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on


 Elmira City Hall - 317 E. Church Street - Elmira, New York 14901
 Council Chambers, 2nd Floor
 www.Cityofelmira.net - (607) 737 5644
Joseph Duffy resolution accepting the generous donation of $24,000.00
 raised at a fundraiser benefit for the Elmira Animal
 Shelter, authorizing the City Chamberlain to accept the
 donation which funds are to be used for making
 improvements to the City's Animal Shelter, and the City
 Council expressing its sincere gratitude to the many local
 sponsors, volunteers, and attendees of the fundraiser
 benefit.

2023-397 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution acknowledging the Council's receipt of written
 procedures to be followed by City Chamberlain's office
 with respect to cash receipts and cash flow, a copy of
 which is attached hereto.

 LOCAL LAW

2023-398 Act on resolution adopting Local Law No. 2 of 2023 to
Mayor Mandell override the tax levy limit established in General
 Municipal Law Section 3-c.

 ORDINANCE

2023-399 Act on ordinance to amend Chapter 2, Article III, Sections
Mayor Mandell 2-69, 2-73 and 2-74 of the Code of Ordinances of the City
 of Elmira, as amended.

 AGREEMENTS

2023-400 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with Marc Immerman, MD retaining him as Medical
 Services Director for the Elmira Police Department
 SWAT Team for the calendar year 2024 at an annual cost
 of $1,500.00; said Agreement subject to Corporation
 Counsel approval.

2023-401 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to a execute an
 agreement with Marc Immerman, MD retaining him to
 provide medical consultation services to the Elmira Fire
 Department's Emergency Medical Services Program for
 the calendar 2024 at an annual cost of $4,000.00; said
 agreement subject to Corporation Counsel approval.


 Elmira City Hall - 317 E. Church Street - Elmira, New York 14901
 Council Chambers, 2nd Floor
 www.Cityofelmira.net - (607) 737 5644
2023-402 Act on resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an
Nan Moss agreement with Erway Ambulance, Inc. for the 2024
 calendar year retaining Erway in consideration of $1.00 to
 submit to third parties bills on behalf of the City of Elmira
 for certain emergency services rendered by the City of
 Elmira and expressing its sincere thanks and appreciation
 to Erway for its thoughtful assistance.

2023-403 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 between the City and Chemung County whereby the City
 shall provide services to the County consisting of the
 operation of Youth Court and a full-time Fraud
 Investigator for the County Department of Social Services
 for the total cost to the County of $229,711.00 to be paid to
 the City for the year 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel Approval.

2023-404 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 between the City and Chemung County whereby the City
 will provide to the County's Rabies Program animal
 handler and specimen services for the calendar year 2024
 and the County will pay the City for these services the
 amount of $5,000.00; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

2023-405 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing and approving the extension of the
 City's contract with Gannett Satellite Information
 Network LLC dba Elmira Star-Gazette for the publication
 of acts of the Council required to be published for the
 calendar year 2024 under the same terms and conditions
 contained in the Agreement between the parties dated
 February 2, 2023 and authorizing the Mayor to sign an
 Addendum to the Agreement.

2023-406 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Elmira whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide animal control services
 as needed to the Town at the annual cost of $24,000.00 for
 the calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024


 Elmira City Hall - 317 E. Church Street - Elmira, New York 14901
 Council Chambers, 2nd Floor
 www.Cityofelmira.net - (607) 737 5644
 through December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

2023-407 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Chemung whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide animal control services
 as needed at a cost to the Town of $10,506.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

2023-408 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Baldwin whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide additional animal
 control services enforcing Article 7 of the Agriculture and
 Markets Law at a cost to the Town of $2,750.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

2023-409 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Erin whereby the City's Animal Control
 Department will provide additional animal control
 services enforcing Article 7 of the Agriculture and
 Markets Law at a cost to the Town of $4,300.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

2023-410 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution approving the extension/renewal of the current
 Agreement between the City and Flock Group, Inc. under
 which Flock Group continues to provide Flock
 Safety/Security System at the current annual rate of
 $2,500.00 per camera per year through 2028 and
 authorizing the Mayor the execute any and all documents
 to effect the extension/renewal; said documents subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 AUDITS


 Elmira City Hall - 317 E. Church Street - Elmira, New York 14901
 Council Chambers, 2nd Floor
 www.Cityofelmira.net - (607) 737 5644
2023-411 Act on Lead Hazard Reduction Grant Program Audit.
Nan Moss

2023-412 Act on Anti-Displacement Learning Network Program
Joseph Duffy Audit.

2023-413 Act on Community Development Block Grant Program
Mayor Mandell Audit.

2023-414 Act on Audit.
Joseph Duffy

 SECOND PUBLIC COMMENT PORTION

 CITY MANAGER REPORT

 ADJOURN

2023-415 Act on resolution to adjourn.
Nan Moss

Respectfully Submitted,




Angela J. Williams
City Clerk




 Elmira City Hall - 317 E. Church Street - Elmira, New York 14901
 Council Chambers, 2nd Floor
 www.Cityofelmira.net - (607) 737 5644

Elmira City Council
 Meeting Minutes

RE: AGENDA, ELMIRA CITY Monday, December 18, 2023 – 5:30 PM
COUNCIL MEETING


2023-392 Act on resolution dispensing with the minutes of the
Mayor Mandell Regular Meeting held on Monday, December 4, 2023.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-393 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution receiving and placing on file the Personnel
 Action for the City of Elmira, whereby Peter J.
 Clearwater, has been appointed to the position of Public
 Works Specialist I, effective December 4, 2023, at an
 hourly rate of $18.14.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-394
Mayor Mandell Resolution Authorizing the Mayor to Execute Community
 Development Block Grant Subrecipient Agreement for the
 CARES ACT




 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-395 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the issuance of a City credit card to
 1
 the City Manager, City Chamberlain, and the Police Chief
 with maximum credit limits of $5,000.00 for each card and
 further authorizing the City Manager to issue City credit
 cards to such other City employees in need of such a card
 to be used solely in furtherance of City business, with
 maximum credit limits of $5,000.00 for each card; said
 authorization to the City Manager expires December 31,
 2025.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 4- 1
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching, Nannette M
 Moss TOTAL: 4
 NAYS: Nick Grasso TOTAL: 1
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-396 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution accepting the generous donation of $24,000.00
 raised at a fundraiser benefit for the Elmira Animal
 Shelter, authorizing the City Chamberlain to accept the
 donation which funds are to be used for making
 improvements to the City's Animal Shelter, and the City
 Council expressing its sincere gratitude to the many local
 sponsors, volunteers, and attendees of the fundraiser
 benefit.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-397 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution acknowledging the Council's receipt of written
 procedures to be followed by City Chamberlain's office
 with respect to cash receipts and cash flow, a copy of
 which is attached hereto.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 4- 1
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching, Nannette M
 Moss TOTAL: 4
 NAYS: Nick Grasso TOTAL: 1
 ABSTAIN: Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 1
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke TOTAL: 1

2023-398 Act on resolution adopting Local Law No. 2 of 2023 to
 2
Mayor Mandell override the tax levy limit established in General
 Municipal Law Section 3-c.

 MOTION: Deny SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 4- 1
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching, Nannette M
 Moss TOTAL: 4
 NAYS: Nick Grasso TOTAL: 1
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

 NOTE: RESOLUTION FAILED – PER CORPORATION
 COUNSEL JOHN RYAN RESOLUTION NEEDED 60%
 COUNCILMEMBERS VOTES (WHICH WOULD BE 5 AYES)
 VOTES RECEIVED WERE 4 AYES AND 1 NAY.


2023-399 Act on ordinance to amend Chapter 2, Article III, Sections
Mayor Mandell 2-69, 2-73 and 2-74 of the Code of Ordinances of the City
 of Elmira, as amended.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-400 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with Marc Immerman, MD retaining him as Medical
 Services Director for the Elmira Police Department
 SWAT Team for the calendar year 2024 at an annual cost
 of $1,500.00; said Agreement subject to Corporation
 Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-401 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to a execute an
 agreement with Marc Immerman, MD retaining him to
 provide medical consultation services to the Elmira Fire
 Department's Emergency Medical Services Program for

 3
 the calendar 2024 at an annual cost of $4,000.00; said
 agreement subject to Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-402 Act on resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an
Nan Moss agreement with Erway Ambulance, Inc. for the 2024
 calendar year retaining Erway in consideration of $1.00 to
 submit to third parties bills on behalf of the City of Elmira
 for certain emergency services rendered by the City of
 Elmira and expressing its sincere thanks and appreciation
 to Erway for its thoughtful assistance.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-403 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 between the City and Chemung County whereby the City
 shall provide services to the County consisting of the
 operation of Youth Court and a full-time Fraud
 Investigator for the County Department of Social Services
 for the total cost to the County of $229,711.00 to be paid to
 the City for the year 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel Approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-404 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 between the City and Chemung County whereby the City
 will provide to the County's Rabies Program animal
 handler and specimen services for the calendar year 2024
 4
 and the County will pay the City for these services the
 amount of $5,000.00; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-405 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing and approving the extension of the
 City's contract with Gannett Satellite Information
 Network LLC dba Elmira Star-Gazette for the publication
 of acts of the Council required to be published for the
 calendar year 2024 under the same terms and conditions
 contained in the Agreement between the parties dated
 February 2, 2023 and authorizing the Mayor to sign an
 Addendum to the Agreement.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-406 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Elmira whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide animal control services
 as needed to the Town at the annual cost of $24,000.00 for
 the calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024
 through December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2
 Placed On Consent

2023-407 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on

 5
Nan Moss resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Chemung whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide animal control services
 as needed at a cost to the Town of $10,506.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2
 Placed On Consent

2023-408 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Joseph Duffy resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Baldwin whereby the City's Animal
 Control Department will provide additional animal
 control services enforcing Article 7 of the Agriculture and
 Markets Law at a cost to the Town of $2,750.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2
 Placed On Consent

2023-409 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute an agreement
 with the Town of Erin whereby the City's Animal Control
 Department will provide additional animal control
 services enforcing Article 7 of the Agriculture and
 Markets Law at a cost to the Town of $4,300.00 for the
 calendar year 2024, commencing January 1, 2024 through
 December 31, 2024; said agreement subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 6
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2
 Placed On Consent

2023-410 Receive communication from the City Manager and act on
Mayor Mandell resolution approving the extension/renewal of the current
 Agreement between the City and Flock Group, Inc. under
 which Flock Group continues to provide Flock
 Safety/Security System at the current annual rate of
 $2,500.00 per camera per year through 2028 and
 authorizing the Mayor the execute any and all documents
 to effect the extension/renewal; said documents subject to
 Corporation Counsel approval.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 4- 1
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching, Nannette M
 Moss TOTAL: 4
 NAYS: Nick Grasso TOTAL: 1
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-411 Act on Lead Hazard Reduction Grant Program Audit.
Nan Moss

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-412 Act on Anti-Displacement Learning Network Program
Joseph Duffy Audit.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-413 Act on Community Development Block Grant Program
Mayor Mandell Audit.

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Daniel Mandell VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 7
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-414 Act on Audit.
Joseph Duffy

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Joseph H Duffy VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2

2023-415 Act on resolution to adjourn.
Nan Moss

 MOTION: Approve SPONSORED BY: Nannette M Moss VOTE: 5- 0
 AYES: Daniel Mandell, Nick Grasso, Joseph H Duffy, Tory Kitching,
 Nannette M Moss TOTAL: 5
 NAYS: TOTAL: 0
 ABSTAIN: TOTAL: 0
 ABSENT: Corey Cooke, Mark A Franchi TOTAL: 2




 8