Historic Preservation Board — Portland, ME
Date: 2026-04-15
Time: 17:00

MEMBERS
Historic Preservation Board Brad Miller (Chair)
 Valerie Paquin-Gould (Vice-Chair)
Wednesday, April 15, 2026 at 5:00 PM Hilary Bassett
Room 24 (Basement Level of City Hall) William DeSerres
and Zoom Michael Hutchins
 Kristina Sottery
 Rob Whitten



The Historic Preservation Board invites the public to attend the meeting in person or Zoom pursuant to the
Remote Meeting Policy adopted by the Historic Preservation Board. Prior to the meeting, please check the
Agenda Center https://portlandme.portal.civicclerk.com to view memos and reports which will be posted by the
end of the day on the Friday before the Historic Preservation Board meeting. Please note that the placement of
each item on the agenda is subject to change. Please check the Agenda Center prior to the meeting for the item
start time.

REMOTE PARTICIPATION
Allow your computer to install the free Zoom app to get the best meeting experience. If you are not able to
attend either in person or via Zoom, a recording will be available in the Agenda Center following the
meeting. For more information on how to use zoom, please go
here: https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/18148b5d-f26e-472f-8d2c-245db97e5c27

Please click the link below to join the webinar:
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 1
Webinar ID: 818 7701 4446
International numbers available: https://portlandmaine-gov.zoom.us/u/kh46LrJkz

PUBLIC COMMENT INFORMATION:
To submit written public comment on an agenda item, email hp@portlandmaine.gov. Submissions must be
received by 12:00 pm the day before the Historic Preservation Board meeting to guarantee their inclusion in
the agenda packet. All submissions must include the commenter's name and legal address. To help ensure your
comment is submitted for the correct item, please include the name of the agenda item (see below).


AGENDA:

1. ROLL CALL AND DECLARATION OF QUORUM
2. REPORT OF ATTENDANCE AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026
 i. Public Hearing
 Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; DeSerres, Hutchins,
 Miller, Paquin-Gould and Whitten present. Bassett and Sottery absent.

3. REPORTS OF DECISIONS AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026
 i. Public Hearing
 Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; Ian Goldstein &
 Sarah Ratner, Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00062-2026. The Board voted 5 in favor, none
 opposed to approve the application.

4. COMMUNICATION AND REPORTS
 i. None

5. PUBLIC HEARING
 i. Review of & Recommendation to Maine Historic Preservation Commission regarding National
 Register Nomination for 0 Fessenden Avenue (Little Diamond Island Casino).

 ii. Review of Alterations; 279 Congress Street; St. Paul's Parish Church, Applicant. Plan
 Number: HP-00061-2026

6. WORKSHOP
 i. Review of New Construction; 30 Atlantic Street; Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones,
 Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00068-2026




 2

MEMBERS
Historic Preservation Board Brad Miller (Chair)
 Valerie Paquin-Gould (Vice-Chair)
Wednesday, April 15, 2026 at 5:00 PM Hilary Bassett
Room 24 (Basement Level of City Hall) William DeSerres
and Zoom Michael Hutchins
 Kristina Sottery
 Rob Whitten



The Historic Preservation Board invites the public to attend the meeting in person or Zoom pursuant to the
Remote Meeting Policy adopted by the Historic Preservation Board. Prior to the meeting, please check the
Agenda Center https://portlandme.portal.civicclerk.com to view memos and reports which will be posted by the
end of the day on the Friday before the Historic Preservation Board meeting. Please note that the placement of
each item on the agenda is subject to change. Please check the Agenda Center prior to the meeting for the item
start time.

REMOTE PARTICIPATION
Allow your computer to install the free Zoom app to get the best meeting experience. If you are not able to
attend either in person or via Zoom, a recording will be available in the Agenda Center following the
meeting. For more information on how to use zoom, please go
here: https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/18148b5d-f26e-472f-8d2c-245db97e5c27

Please click the link below to join the webinar:
Join from PC, Mac, iPad, or Android:
https://portlandmaine-gov.zoom.us/j/81877014446

Phone one-tap:
+16469313860,,81877014446# US
+19292056099,,81877014446# US (New York)

Join via audio:
+1 646 931 3860 US
+1 929 205 6099 US (New York)
+1 301 715 8592 US (Washington DC)
+1 305 224 1968 US
+1 309 205 3325 US
+1 312 626 6799 US (Chicago)
+1 386 347 5053 US
+1 507 473 4847 US
+1 564 217 2000 US
+1 669 444 9171 US
+1 669 900 6833 US (San Jose)
+1 689 278 1000 US
+1 719 359 4580 US
+1 253 205 0468 US
+1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma)
+1 346 248 7799 US (Houston)
+1 360 209 5623 US

 1

 Page 1
Webinar ID: 818 7701 4446
International numbers available: https://portlandmaine-gov.zoom.us/u/kh46LrJkz

PUBLIC COMMENT INFORMATION:
To submit written public comment on an agenda item, email hp@portlandmaine.gov. Submissions must be
received by 12:00 pm the day before the Historic Preservation Board meeting to guarantee their inclusion in
the agenda packet. All submissions must include the commenter's name and legal address. To help ensure your
comment is submitted for the correct item, please include the name of the agenda item (see below).


AGENDA:

1. ROLL CALL AND DECLARATION OF QUORUM
2. REPORT OF ATTENDANCE AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026
 i. Public Hearing
 Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; DeSerres, Hutchins,
 Miller, Paquin-Gould and Whitten present. Bassett and Sottery absent.

3. REPORTS OF DECISIONS AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026
 i. Public Hearing
 Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; Ian Goldstein &
 Sarah Ratner, Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00062-2026. The Board voted 5 in favor, none
 opposed to approve the application.

4. COMMUNICATION AND REPORTS
 i. None

5. PUBLIC HEARING
 i. Review of & Recommendation to Maine Historic Preservation Commission regarding National
 Register Nomination for 0 Fessenden Avenue (Little Diamond Island Casino).

 ii. Review of Alterations; 279 Congress Street; St. Paul's Parish Church, Applicant. Plan
 Number: HP-00061-2026

6. WORKSHOP
 i. Review of New Construction; 30 Atlantic Street; Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones,
 Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00068-2026




 2

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STAFF MEMORANDUM
HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM
PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board
FROM: Evan R. Schueckler, Historic Preservation Program Manager
DATE: April 10, 2026
RE: 0 Fessenden Avenue –PUBLIC HEARING – Review and Recommendation to Maine
 Historic Preservation Commission for National Register Listing
PROJECT ID: N/A
MEETING: April 15, 2026

Owner: Little Diamond Island Association
Preparer: Christi Chapman-Mitchell

A legal ad was published in the Portland Press Herald on April 2, 2026 and April 3, 2026, and notices
were sent to owners of the property.

_________________________________________
INTRODUCTION

The applicant is nominating the structure at 0 Fessenden Avenue, known as the Little Diamond
Island Casino, to the National Register of Historic Places.

Per Subsection 2.2.9 of Portland’s Land Use Code and the requirements of the Certified Local
Government Program (Attachment 1), the Portland Historic Preservation Board should provide
a report to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission (MHPC) addressing the Board’s findings
related to:
 1. Applicability of National Register Criteria;
 2. How the nomination of this property contributes to local preservation efforts; i.e.,
 educational programs, planning, economic development, protection, etc.; and
 3. A summary of public comment.

_________________________________________




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SUMMARY OF HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE




Figure 1: Partial aerial view of Portland showing location of the Little Diamond Island Casino at 0 Fessenden
Avenue with a yellow star.




 A




Figure 2: Aerial view looking north over Casco Bay showing the Little Diamond Island Casino (A).




 2

 Page 4
 Figure 3: Sketch map showing proposed National Register designation boundary for the Little Diamond Casino in
 red.

The nomination before the Board (Attachment 2) is for individual listing of the Little Diamond
Island Casino on the National Register of Historic Places under National Register Criteria:
 − A: associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the board
 patterns of our history;
 − C: reflect in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
 method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high
 artistic value or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose
 components may lack individual distinction;

The statement of significance summary paragraph states:

 “The Little Diamond Island Casino is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as
 a locally significant example of a type of community building that historically has, and
 currently is, the central focus of the social life of the inhabitants of this small island in
 Portland, Cumberland County, Maine. Built in 1909 by developer Charles “Windy” Brown as
 a restaurant and small store to anchor a nascent summer cottage development on the
 island, the Casino has served as the community hall, meeting hall, and entertainment venue
 since 1924. The two-story wood framed building is located on Shell Island, a rocky
 protuberance of ledge and boulders, and is connected to Little Diamond Island via the
 public pier. As befits its location, the building features a wrap-around porch/veranda, and
 multiple windows on all sides to take in the view. The low-slung hip roof of the shingled


 3

 Page 5
 building serves to shield the interior from the sun and to visually lower its profile. While
 firm architectural attribution is unknown, the building falls into a stylistic and design
 category of buildings built for similar functions throughout seaside summer colonies and
 resorts, and along Maine’s many interior lakes. The Little Diamond Island Casino is
 significant under Criterion A for social history and as a site for entertainment and
 recreation, and it is also significant under Criterion C, architecture, as a type of building
 erected at the turn of the twentieth century in a specific context. The period of significance
 is 1909-1912 and 1924 – 1975 (fifty years before the present).” (Attachment 2, page 13)

_________________________________________
ANALYSIS OF APPLICABLE REVIEW STANDARDS

National Register Criteria:

 Criterion A: Event
 Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
 patterns of our history.
 Criterion Met? Staff Comments
 The Little Diamond Island Casino is associated with the early twentieth
 century development of Little Diamond Island as a vacation community.
 Additionally, the Casino is associated with the social history of the island
 Yes from its original use as a restaurant and recreation facility until its
 conversion to a private residence, to its purchase by the Little Diamond
 Island Association for its ongoing use as a community center for the Island’s
 seasonal community.
 Criterion B: Person
 Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
 Criterion Met? Staff Comments
 Not applicable
 Criterion C: Design/Construction
 Property reflects in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
 method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
 value or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
 individual distinction.
 Criterion Met? Staff Comments
 The Little Diamond Island Casino is significant as an example of the design
 recreational buildings that were typical of Maine’s late nineteenth and early
 twentieth century recreational landscape, both along the coast and around
 Yes
 the State’s inland waters. It is typical of Casino-type buildings, only a small
 number of which survive, and also embodies the traits of the shingle style
 architecture common to Portland.




 4

 Page 6
 Criterion D: Information Potential
 Property has yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.
 Criterion Met? Staff Comments
 Not Applicable

Portland’s Plan 2030:

 Historic Resources: Local Goals
 Identify, document, designate, and preserve Portland’s historic resources, including individual
 structures, neighborhoods, parks, cemeteries, and archaeological resources.
 Goal Met? Staff Comments
 This nomination documents and designates a historically and architecturally
 Yes
 significant resource to the National Register.
 Promote Historic Preservation as a key economic, sustainability, and community development
 strategy.
 Goal Met? Staff Comments
 The designation of 0 Fessenden Avenue will allow for the rehabilitation of the
 historically significant structure through the use of Federal Rehabilitation Tax
 Yes
 Credits promoting economic activity and supporting the retention of a historically
 important building.
 Stabilize and enhance historic areas of the city by ensuring quality investment in existing
 structures and compatible infill development.
 Goal Met? Staff Comments
 Access to Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits for the Little Diamond Island Casino
 will ensure that any tax credit rehabilitations that are undertaken follow the
 Yes
 Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and are of high quality and
 will continue use of the structure.

_________________________________________
MOTION FOR CONSIDERATION

I move to recommend that the Maine Historic Preservation Commission support the
nomination for the Little Diamond Island Casino at 0 Fessenden Avenue to be individually listed
on the National Register of Historic Places on the basis of submitted documentation;
information provided in the staff memo; and findings by the Historic Preservation Board that
the proposed nomination meets National Register Criteria A & C, and that the proposed
nomination is in support of Portland’s Plan 2030. Historic Preservation Staff shall make a report
of these findings and a summary of public comment to the Maine Historic Preservation
Commission on behalf of the Board.

_________________________________________


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 Page 7
ATTACHMENTS
 1. Communication from Maine Historic Preservation Commission regarding request for
 Historic Preservation Board Review of National Register Nomination
 2. 2026 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for The Little Diamond Island
 Casino
 3. National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation




 6

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Page 9
Page 10
Page 11
 MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
 10 WATER STREET
 65 STATE HOUSE STAT ION
 HALLOWELL, MAINE
 04347


  JANET MILLS KIRK F. MOHNEY
 GOVERNOR DIRECTOR




 NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA

 The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, and culture is present in
districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, material,
workmanship, feeling, and association, and:

  A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns
 of our history; or

  B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or

  C. that reflect in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
 method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic
 values or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack
 individual distinction; or

  D. that have yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.

 Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious
institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations,
reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have
achieved significance within the last 50 years shall not be considered for the National Register. Such
properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that meet the criteria or if they fall within the
following categories:

 A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or
 historical importance; or

 B. a building or structure removed from its original location but which is significant primarily for
 architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a
 historic person or event; or

 C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no other
 appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life; or

 D. a cemetery that derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent
 importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events;
 or

 E. a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in
 a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or
 structure with the same association has survived; or

 F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has
 invested it with its own historical significance; or

 G. a property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance.


 Page 12
 MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
 10 WATER STREET
 65 STATE HOUSE STAT ION
 HALLOWELL, MAINE
 04347


 JANET MILLS KIRK F. MOHNEY
 GOVERNOR DIRECTOR


 FACT SHEET



 Listing of historic properties in the National Register results in the following:

1. Official recognition of the historic and cultural importance of a property as part of the Nation’s heritage
 which ought to be preserved.

2. Control and authority over the use and disposition of a property listed in the National Register or
 deemed eligible for such listing remain solely with the owner unless he or she has applied for and received a
 matching grant or other Federal funding, or is participating in a rehabilitation tax credit project. Listing in
 the National Register does not mean that limitations will be placed on the property by the Federal
 government. Public visitation rights are not required by the owner.

3. Consideration in planning for Federal, federally licensed, and federally assisted projects. Section 106 of
 the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires that Federal agencies allow the Advisory Council on
 Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on all projects affecting historic properties listed in the
 National Register. For further information please refer to 36 CFR 800.

4. Eligibility for Federal tax provisions. If a property is individually listed or contributes to the historic
 significance of a listed National Register district, certain Federal tax provisions may apply. The Tax Reform
 Act of 1986 provides a 20% investment tax credit for certified rehabilitations of historic commercial,
 industrial and rental residential buildings. The Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1980 provides Federal tax
 deductions for charitable contributions for conservation purposes of partial interests in historically important
 land areas or structures. Whether such provisions are advantageous to a property owner is dependent upon
 the particular circumstances of the property and the owner. Because tax aspects outlined above are
 complex, individuals should consult legal counsel or the appropriate local Internal Revenue Service office
 for assistance in determining the tax consequences of the above provisions. For further information please
 refer to 36 CFR 67.

5. Qualification for Federal grants for historic preservation when funds are available. Presently funding is
 unavailable. Contact (S.H.P.O.) to determine the present status of such grants.




 Page 13
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018


United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register
Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being
documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories
and subcategories from the instructions.


1. Name of Property
Historic name: Casino
Other names/site number: Little Diamond Island Casino (preferred for listing)
Name of related multiple property listing: N/A
 (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing)


2. Location
Street & number: 0 Fessenden Avenue, Little Diamond Island
City or town: Portland State: Maine County: Cumberland
Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A

3. State/Federal Agency Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I
hereby certify that this X nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the
documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places
and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my opinion, the property X meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I
recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance:
 national statewide X local

Applicable National Register Criteria:
XA B XC D



 Signature of certifying official/Title: Date

 MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
 State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

 In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register
 criteria.

 Signature of commenting official: Date

 Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal
 Government



 1


 Page 14
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018



LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State



 4. National Park Service Certification
 I hereby certify that this property is:
 entered in the National Register
 determined eligible for the National Register
 determined not eligible for the National Register
 removed from the National Register
 other (explain:) _____________________

 ______________________________________________________________________
 Signature of the Keeper Date of Action


_____________________________________________________________________
5. Classification


Ownership of Property
(Check as many boxes as apply.)

Private

Public – Local

Public – State

Public – Federal



Category of Property
(Check only one box.)

Building(s)

District

Site

Structure

Object



 2


 Page 15
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018



LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




Number of Resources within Property
(Do not include previously listed resources in the count)

 Contributing Noncontributing

 1_____ _____ buildings

 _____ _____ sites

 _____ _____ structures

 _____ _____ objects

 1_____ 0_____ Total


Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 0________


6. Function or Use

Historic Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
 COMMERCE/TRADE / restaurant
 SOCIAL / clubhouse




Current Functions
(Enter categories from instructions.)
 SOCIAL / clubhouse




 3


 Page 16
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018



LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State

7. Description

Architectural Classification
(Enter categories from instructions.)

 LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS / Craftsman
 LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS / Prairie School




Materials: (enter categories from instructions.)
Principal exterior materials of the property: Foundation - Stone, Wood Posts; Walls - Wood
Shingle; Roof - Asphalt

Narrative Description

(Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe
contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph
that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type,
style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the
property has historic integrity.)



Summary Paragraph

The Little Diamond Island Casino is a wood framed two story building located on a small
outcrop of exposed ledge, called Shell Island, on the southernmost tip of Little Diamond Island.
The Casino was constructed in 1909 and is thought to have been designed by the Portland
architect John Calvin Stevens (1855-1940). This large building was erected initially as a
restaurant, was used residentially for a decade, and has served as the Island’s meeting space
and clubhouse since 1924. Positioned over the ledge on pilings, the Casino is adjacent to the
town’s public pier, boat dock, and ferry landing to the east and south. Another 110 feet north
the pier connects to the island between a sandy beach and the first of approximately 58
summer cottages that are located on Little Diamond Island. The southeast, southwest, and
northeast elevations of the wood shingled building feature a wraparound porch on the lower
story. An asphalt-shingle, shed-roof dormer centered on the southeast elevation extends from
the hipped asphalt roof. All the elevations feature numerous sets of wood windows, and a
partially exposed brick chimney rises through the roof of the first floor and the eves of the
second floor on the northwestern elevation. Stylistically the building is vernacular in the sense
that it draws from multiple popular or emerging styles, including Shingle Style, Craftsman Style
and Prairie Style. Little Diamond Island, which is connected to Great Diamond Island to the
north via a sand bar at low tide, is located in the southwestern portion of Casco Bay, off the

 4


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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012)


LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State


Gulf of Maine. Both islands are part of the City of Portland, Cumberland County, Maine, the
mainland portion of which is 1.4 miles west. Several other islands in the Bay with summer or
year-round populations are located within five miles of Little Diamond Island. This building has
a high degree of integrity of location, setting, workmanship, association, materials, and feeling,
and only minimum changes to its original design.



Narrative Description

Setting

The Little Diamond Island Casino (“LDI Casino”, or “Casino”), resting on pilings above Casco
Bay and set out from land, is one of the first sights that greet anyone arriving to Little Diamond
Island via the public ferry (photo 1). Perched on the edge of a granite ledge outcrop and
connected to the island by elevated pier, the building rises above the Bay. Its wide wrap-
around porch, overhanging eaves, and low-pitched hip roof help give the building prominence
without overwhelming the backdrop of the cottages that extend up the Island’s hill to the north.
Most of the building is supported by a complex system of pilings and braces, with the
southeast elevation anchored to the ledge outcrop. At the top of the outcrop, in front of the
building is a small grassy area edged with Rosa Rugusa and other hardy shrubs; a flagpole is
also located on this grassy area.1

Description
Exterior

The primary façade, which is so designated by its more prominent double doors and centered
dormer, faces south and looks out over the exposed ledge towards the ferry landing (photo 2).
The west elevation has a single door to the interior under the porch, but there is no access
from the porch to the ground/ledge/water below (photo 5). The east elevation is attached to
the public pier and has a door into the Casino as well as an entrance into the part of the
building used as a small store (photo 3). Half of the northern elevation can be accessed by a
walkway on piers that leads to a back utility door; the other half is inaccessible (photo 4).

The overall footprint of the Casino is 69’9” wide (east to west) and 48’6” deep (north to south).
Centered within this footprint is a two-story mass measuring roughly 50’ x 38’9” which contains
the interior spaces. On the first floor this mass is surrounded by the wrap-around porch on the
south, the west, and half of the east elevations; however, the northern portion of the porch on
the east elevation has been enclosed, as has the entire north elevation. Thus, the building
reads as if there is a wrap-around porch around the entire building, under a continuous roof.
Unlike traditional Craftsman style architecture, the rafter tails are not exposed, and the eves
are finished with flat sheathing. The porch supports are square posts set at intervals of nine,



1
 The building faces southeast, but for ease of understanding throughout the remainder of this
narrative it will be described as facing south.

 5


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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012)


LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State


ten or eleven feet, with a balustrade of cross braces.2 On the southwest and western side of
the porch coated wire has been strung horizontally through the cross braces for added
protection. The second floor of the Casino is rectangular with no protrusions save the two-bay
dormered porch on the south elevation. The wooden shingle cladding is painted dark brown,
all trim and porch elements are light yellow and the asphalt roof and porch floor are brick red.

In composition the Casino is a regularly patterned, if not always symmetrical, building. The
south elevation contains five bays on each floor: two paired bays of two-over-two windows
flank a set of double doors on the first floor and a similar, but shorter, set flank the dormered
porch on the second floor (photo 2). On the exterior wall under the second story porch roof are
two single two-over-two windows on either side of a single leaf door. All of the windows are
single paned, double-hung wood sash set in a common surround. The western elevation
contains three sets of the shorter double-hung windows on the second floor, while under the
porch there are two sets of the longer paired windows, a single door and a single window in
the main mass of the building and a pair of the longer windows in the last bay of the porch
(photo 5). Here the west elevation of that part of the enclosed porch that stretches across the
north side of the building is flush with the main mass, forming a continuous wall plane.

The north elevation has an irregular fenestration pattern on the first floor consisting of, from
east to west, a short two-over-two window, a square wood-covered door to an icebox, a single
leaf door with fixed four light sash, a set of four conjoined double-hung two-over-two windows,
and a single two-over-two window (photo 4). The easternmost window, icebox door and
pedestrian door are all fronted and accessed by a walkway mounted on pilings and connected
to the public pier. A wooden latticework fence is located along the outside edge of this
walkway. On the second floor two sets of the shorter windows are symmetrically positioned on
either side of the brick chimney. This chimney initially rises vertically through the first-floor
roof, then tapers inward before emerging through the second story roof as a vertical stack.

In the northern half of the east elevation the exterior wall plane extends to the perimeter of the
footprint of the porch (photo 3). This section of the building functions as a small store and
contains a three-panel and four-light door, flanked by a pair of short, one-over-one hopper
windows set high in the wall. On the southern half of the elevation, the exterior wall aligns with
the main mass of the building and has a similar three-panel door set next to a single and then
a paired set of the longer windows. On the second floor there are four windows like the others
on this level. They are evenly distributed across the elevation in three bays, with the center
two windows sharing a common window frame.

Interior

The interior of the LDI Casino is divided into three primary and one secondary spaces on the
first floor, and one primary and two secondary spaces on the top floor. The three first floor

2
 The design of this railing is not original; it was built between 1980 and 1984, approximately. There was no balustrade
depicted in early postcards (Figure 1 and 1a), but an aerial image postmarked in 1935 shows a raised balustrade. The 1950
tax photograph at https://assessors.portlandmaine.gov/api/document/61/782434/file appears to depict tongue and groove
boards between the balustrade rails, but this is somewhat unclear. Photographs from c. 1976 show a solid barrier of tongue
and groove boards situated between un upper and lower rail.

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rooms include the large dining room in the southern two-thirds of the building, the kitchen in
the northern and northwestern third of the building and the small store in the northeast corner
(photo 6). As mentioned above, there are three entrances into the dining room from under the
covered porch -one on each of the south, west, and east sides. The doors on the east and
west side are single doors while the door on the south side is a set of double doors, and can
be thought of as the “main” entrance, although the east door, adjacent to the wharf walkway is
used more often. In the northeast corner of this room, which measures 26’ x 49’, a two-run
staircase is nestled against the wall, and a single door leads into a small bathroom (photo 8).
A single large, chamfered beam runs east to west across the middle of the ceiling and is
supported on four square posts unevenly placed approximately eight to twelve feet apart. The
room has narrow, hardwood floor, and exposed joists and studs. The studs are backed by the
exterior sheathing around the perimeter of the room, and both the studs and sheathing are
painted white. The joists are unpainted. Interior trim around the windows and doors is flat
stock. The north partition wall with the kitchen also has exposed and painted studs and
sheathing. A pair of four paneled and one light swinging doors are set in west half of the
partition wall. Pendant lights descend from the joists.

At the center of the northern partition wall is large chimney stack with a shallow brick fireplace,
brick hearth, stone mantel, and brick decorative overmantel panel (photo 7). The stack is laid
or faced with native cut stone, with vertical stones providing a flared lintel above the brick
panel and the firebox. The mantel appears to be a large, thick slab of dark grey polished
concrete. The decorative design of the red brick and light salmon mortar of the overmantel
panel is obscured by two brass plaques, one a family memorial and the other recognizing a
local donor instrumental in purchasing the building. Above the top lintel the brick base of the
arch for the second-floor hearth is visible through the joists.

The kitchen is narrow, with a line of cupboards and open shelving built against the partition
wall, a large gas range and ventilation hood backed up to the back side of the chimney stack,
and a series of counters, sinks, and refrigerators lining the west and north exterior walls
(photo 9). One of the sinks has two basins and is constructed of soap stone, another is
shallow and built of slate, with slate aprons and backsplash. Counters are wood covered with
stainless steel and several stainless-steel tables/carts are positioned as movable workspaces
in the room. The flooring, trim and wall treatments are the same as in the dining room, and the
exposed rafters slope towards the exterior wall.

At the east end of the kitchen is an exterior door on the north wall and an old walk-in cooler
against the east wall (photo10). The cooler has thick, insulated bead-board walls and ceiling
and contains both metal and wooden shelves, now used to store cooking utensils and
supplies. A second door is placed on this east kitchen wall and provides access to an icebox
that sits inside the cooler. (This icebox can be filled from an exterior door as well.) Next to the
cooler a refrigerator is positioned in a narrow storage hallway.

The first-floor bathroom is a small secondary space to the south of the store and it contains
two hopper windows, an old porcelain corner sink, a toilet, a pay-washer, and exposed studs
and ceiling.



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The third primary first floor space is the small store in the northeast corner of the building.
While there is a door to the store located at the landing of the staircase and another at the
back of the narrow hallway, neither is currently used and access to the store is only from the
exterior. This rectilinear space measures approximately ten by twenty feet, with exposed
ceiling joists (slanted) and interior walls, both of which are painted (photo14). The hardwood
floor is painted. Two hopper windows are located next to the entry door, while a single two-
over-two window sash is in the north wall. Open shelves are positioned against the north wall
and a wooden counter is located in the northwest corner of the room. The west wall is finished
with horizontal matchboard siding, and a door behind the counter leads into a narrow back
compartment of the walk-in cooler. Another door on that wall accesses the storage hallway
into the kitchen.

The upper level of the Casino, referred to sometimes as the “Rec Hall” contains a large open
room approximately 25’ 2” x 39’ 10”, along with two small, almost square rooms at the east end
of the building, next to the staircase (photo 12). As with the room below, the Rec Hall has a
hardwood floor, exposed (but unpainted) studs and sheathing, and flat stock trim around the
windows. The rafters and the underside of the roof sheathing are also exposed, along with
four sets of braced king post trusses that appear to provide lateral stability to the roof (photo
11). Steel pipes line some of the trusses to provide a fire sprinkler system. The south wall of
the Rec Hall contains a four-light window that leads to the small dormer porch. Pendant
fixtures provide lighting. In the north wall of the Rec Room is another stone and brick chimney
and fireplace. The shallow firebox has a stone veneer, arched opening and two wooden
mantels. The lower mantel is supported by stones laid in a row across the breadth of the stone
façade and supported by wooden braces; the narrower upper mantel features only the wooden
braces. Between the two mantels is a rough stone mosaic that appears to depict a vessel.
Above the upper mantel the chimney is brick and features a geometric compass rose executed
in brick.

The two small rooms at the east end of the upper level are the same size, more or less, and
each contains two windows on the east wall, and the corner room, the library, also has two
windows facing south. They are separated from the Rec Hall and from each other by a vertical
beadboard partition wall (photo 12). The northwest room has unpainted bead-board walls and
ceiling, and an unfinished hard wood floor, while the southwest room (Library), has painted
walls and a finished floor (photo 13). Used now for storage, the northwest room contains an
interior room/closet with a raised floor. It appears that the same type of enclosure was once in
the library, but the interior partition walls have been partially removed, making the raised floor
more visually prominent. In 1924 the building was described as having “2 sleeping rooms”, and
for the 12 years prior to that it had been a private residence. It is possible that the raised
platforms provided space for plumbing and that one or each of the sleeping rooms also
contained bathroom facilities.

Alterations

The Little Diamond Island Casino was constructed in 1909 as a restaurant, with a kitchen and
store on the first floor, and a dance hall/dining space on the second floor. It is likely that the


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first-floor plan is unaltered, and that with the exception of refinishing floors and painting walls,
the integrity of design, workmanship, and materials is relatively high. Associated with the
building when it functioned as a restaurant was an aquarium, described as “ a cement walled
tank, fifteen by twenty-five feet and six fee deep…built in front of the casino”, and a pound that
contained live lobsters. Neither of these survive.3

The original configuration of the wharf vis-à-vis the Casino has also changed. As depicted in
Figure 1, at the time the building was constructed in 1909 the wharf was directly in front of the
Casino and the entrance to the building was a continuation of the axis of the elevated
boardwalk. This configuration was altered sometime after 1980, at which time more of Shell
Island was exposed.

In 1912 the building was sold and converted to a private residence and used in that manner
until it was sold to the Little Diamond Island Association in 1924 to again be used as a Casino
and community space. There is no information about how the building was altered during that
time, however, it is likely that the two second story rooms were added when the building was a
private residence, and perhaps used then, or later, as bedrooms. In addition, it is believed that
the family that ran the shop lived upstairs in the Casino and those spaces could have been
added or altered by them.4 When they obtained their current function is also unknown.

The west end of the kitchen was once a separate room, accessed by a door from the dining
room, and used as a “First Aid” room. The partition between this room and the kitchen, and the
door to the dining room, were removed when the building underwent some maintenance and
freshening circa 1998.




 Figure 1. Postcard image of Little Diamond Island, Portland, c. 1909-1912.
 Postcard scan courtesy of the Maine Historic Preservation Commission, Augusta, Maine.


3
 The Casino, 1909.
4
 That the shop keeper’s family stayed in the upper rooms was mentioned by current members of the LDI Casino
Association, but this activity has not been verified or dated.

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Name of Property County and State




 Figure 1a. Postcard image of Little Diamond Island, Portland, c. 1909-1912.
 Postcard scan courtesy of the Maine Historic Preservation Commission, Augusta, Maine.




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8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria
(Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register
listing.)

 A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the
 broad patterns of our history.

 B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

 C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
 construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or
 represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual
 distinction.

 D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or
 history.



Criteria Considerations
(Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)

 A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes

 B. Removed from its original location

 C. A birthplace or grave

 D. A cemetery

 E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure

 F. A commemorative property

 G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years




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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State


 Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.)
 Architecture
 Entertainment/Recreation
 Social History




 Period of Significance
 1909-1912
 1924-1976


 Significant Dates
 1909
 1924


 Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.)
 N/A



 Cultural Affiliation
 N/A



 Architect/Builder
 not determined




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Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph

(Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria,
justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) (Refer to
photographs)

The Little Diamond Island Casino is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as a
locally significant example of a type of community building that historically has, and currently
is, the central focus of the social life of the inhabitants of this small island in Portland,
Cumberland County, Maine. Built in 1909 by developer Charles “Windy” Brown as a
restaurant and small store to anchor a nascent summer cottage development on the island, the
Casino has served as the community hall, meeting hall, and entertainment venue since 1924.
The two-story wood framed building is located on Shell Island, a rocky protuberance of ledge
and boulders, and is connected to Little Diamond Island via the public pier. As befits its
location, the building features a wrap-around porch/veranda, and multiple windows on all sides
to take in the view. The low-slung hip roof of the shingled building serves to shield the interior
from the sun and to visually lower its profile. While firm architectural attribution is unknown,
the building falls into a stylistic and design category of buildings built for similar functions
throughout seaside summer colonies and resorts, and along Maine’s many interior lakes. The
Little Diamond Island Casino is significant under Criterion A for social history and as a site for
entertainment and recreation, and it is also significant under Criterion C, architecture, as a type
of building erected at the turn of the twentieth century in a specific context. The period of
significance is 1909-1912 and 1924 – 1975 (fifty years before the present).



Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of
significance.)

Architecture
The Little Diamond Island Casino (LDI Casino or Casino) is significant under Criterion C as a
locally significant type of designed recreational building. Constructed initially in 1909 the
Casino belongs to a class of buildings erected in the last decades of the 19th century and the
first two decades of the 20th century to provide locales for entertainment and social
congregation associated with tourism activities. These buildings were frequently constructed
in planned or unplanned summer communities/resorts/associations either on the ocean or
along one of Maine’s many lakes.5 Some functioned as clubhouses, others as yacht clubs,
while others were dance halls and restaurants. Many were designed by architects, including
Frederick A. Tompson, George M. Coombs and John Calvin Stevens, but others mimicked
these known commissions and were erected by local contractors. They were designed in the
popular styles of the day - Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Shingle - or incorporated features or
motifs of these styles as well as those of the Late Victorian era (Queen Anne) and Prairie
School, and others. Many were erected by developers or land development companies as
amenities complimenting the sale of cottage or camp lots in a summer resort or private
5
  A similar, related, class of buildings sharing many of the same design and functional characteristics were erected in in-land
locations and were erected as club houses associated with golf courses.

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community. Others were erected as destinations at the hands of rail, trolley or ferry companies
to promote use of their conveyances. While their functions varied slightly, they were a
regionally distinct type of building that was instantly recognizable, and also distinct from the
geographically associated residential, commercial and civic buildings.

Regardless of the organization, stylistic or situational differences, these buildings shared
common characteristics. They were located either at the edge of the water, or immediately
adjacent to it, with associated piers, docks or causeways. At the core of the building there was
at least one large hall with a fireplace (usually on the first floor), as well as service spaces such
as kitchens or bathrooms. Second story spaces may have included secondary halls or
recreation rooms, sleeping chambers, offices, or storage rooms. Depending on the nature of
the organization, libraries, stores and shops, or meeting rooms may also have been included.
Interior finishes were often plain, featuring beadboard, wainscot or painted walls, with open
and exposed structural members. On the exterior the buildings featured a wide, first-story
porch or veranda on at least one, if not all, elevations, and sometimes covered balconies or
porches on the upper floors. Windows to take advantage of the views or the breezes were
plentiful, as were doors to the porches. In especially windy areas, including islands and
shorelines, rooflines tended to be low and broad and uncomplicated. And while fireplaces or
furnaces were installed, many of the buildings were used only seasonally and shut down in the
freezing weather.

On Little Diamond Island the Casino is a classic example of the type. Its location is adjacent
(over) the water and located next to a beach and wharf. The building features a low sloping
roof, wraparound porch, and extensive banks of windows. On the first floor of the interior is a
large hall used for gatherings, dances, performances, dinners, teas, meetings and a weekly
Saturday Night Supper. Adjacent to the hall is a large kitchen to service the events. Upstairs a
second gathering space has served as a recreation room and meeting spaces. Two small
rooms have served as bedrooms or bathroom and now function as a storage room and library.

There are several examples of this building type in the immediate vicinity of the Casino on
Little Diamond Island. On Peaks Island, which has both a year-round and a summer
community, is the Greenwood Garden Playhouse, 1909 (NR 100006989), the Fifth Maine
Regiment, 1888 (NR 78000169) the Eighth Maine Regiment, 1891 (NR 06000919), and the
Trefethen-Evergreen Improvement Association clubhouse (Dayburn Casino), 1914 (NR
100010086), all of which are extant. Further afield, there was in Cape Elizabeth, the Cape
Cottage Casino, 1899 (John Calvin Stevens, architect, heavily altered), and another at
Riverton Park, 1896 (Figure 2, destroyed), both developed by and accessed by street railroad
companies, as was the Casino at Merrymeeting Park in Brunswick, c. 1898 (Figure 3,
destroyed). Other summer island communities also designed similar halls and casinos,
including one on Squirrel Island in Boothbay Harbor designed by George M. Coombs, 1890
(destroyed), and one that serves as a Yacht Club on North Haven Island, 1912 (extant). The
Androscoggin Yacht Club in Wayne, 1912 (Figure 4, extant, NR 12000893) was built on a lake
as was the Casino in Naples, 1902 (extant), and the Center Harbor Yacht Club in Brooklin was
built on the ocean in 1912 (Figure 5, extant). The LDI Casino, built in 1909, is an example of
this building type. Numerous other examples exist throughout the state but as of yet a
complete inventory has not been undertaken to identify the extent of this building type.


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However, each Casino, or clubhouse, serves a very localized population and it is within this
context that the buildings obtain architectural significance.




 Figure 2. Riverton Casino, Portland, Maine, 1896.
 https://www.mainememory.net/record/12165




 Figure 3. Merrymeeting Casino, Brunswick, Maine,1898.
 https://www.mainememory.net/record/12150




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 Figure 4. Androscoggin Yacht Club, Wayne, Maine, 1912
 https://www.aycwayne.org/




 Figure 5. Center Harbor Yacht Club, Brooklin, Maine, 1912.
 https://www.chycinfo.com/


The architect of the original building on Little Diamond Island is not known, but according to
tradition, the Portland architect John Calvin Stevens was involved in the design of the building.
Although no plans have been found, there are reasons to consider this attribution to be likely.
The first is that Stevens was retained by the Casino’s developer George W. Brown, to design
cottages for the island residents, as stated in Brown’s 1908 prospectus/souvenir.

 Mr. John Calvin Stevens, one of the leading and acknowledged best architects in
 New England, has been engaged as consulting and supervising architect and will


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Name of Property County and State


 make plans for cottages appropriate and designed particularly for each location
 so that the harmony of the one great whole shall be conserved.6

Stevens worked on the design of five or six cottages for summer residents on Little Diamond
Island between 1883 and 1885. Unfortunately, other than one sketch, plans for these
cottages, or any of the cottages designed after 1908, have not survived, and only two cottages
can be firmly attributed to Stevens.

The second reason that Stevens may have been at least partially responsible for the design of
the Casino is that he did the watercolor painting on which the Birds’ Eye View of the
development was based. This painting was published in the Souvenir of Little Diamond Island
in 1908 and in that view the Casino is depicted as it was later built.

Entertainment and Recreation

While these buildings (and many others across the state) share structural and design
characteristics they also share important entertainment and recreational functions.

In general, the target audiences for these buildings broke down into two groups: those who
traveled to the buildings for a day of entertainment and recreation, and those for whom the
casino was part of their community infrastructure. Of the first examples are the casinos
associated with amusement parks, trolley lines or resort towns, including the Cape Casino,
Riverton Park Casino, Merrymeeting Park Casino, and the Casino in Naples. These buildings
provided live entertainment, dining, spaces for smoking, reading or game playing, and often
dancing, and they tended to be larger more elaborate designs. In contrast, the second group
of buildings, including the three Yacht Clubs previously mentioned, the buildings on Peaks
Island, and the Squirrel Island Casino and Hall, were smaller and simpler in design, and
served a specific community – boaters, Civil War Veterans, or residents of a community.
Almost without variation the buildings were designed for use during the summer months, when
people were on vacation, or staying at their nearby summer cottages. Indeed, the Casino on
Little Diamond Island included a restaurant to serve “shore dinners”, as part of the
development of the cottage community on the island. The target audience for these dinners
initially was both island residents and day visitors.7 Later, however, the audience shifted to the
residents of the summer cottages.

In 2008, in recognition of the Casino’s 100th Anniversary, two local historians compiled “The
History of Little Diamond Island”. This volume, and its subsequent updates, chronicles the
ownership of the cottages and the events and general activities of the island by decades. In
each decade the activities listed at the Casino included suppers, card games, meetings of the
women’s club, dances or plays or films, lectures, and special events, such as weddings, family
reunions, fairs and auctions. Although the specific activities have varied with the cultural and
social trends, the Casino is significant within this context as both the only meeting place on the
island and the place where everyone meets for activities, entertainment and recreation.

6
 George W. Brown, Little Diamond Island. Smith & Sale, Portland, Me, 1908, p. 5.
7
 Utilizing both the downstairs and upstairs halls, and the verandas, it was advertised that 250 shore dinners could be
served at once by the restaurant. “The Casino” in Casco Bay Breeze, June 24, 1909, Portland, Maine, p. 1.

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Social History

The LDI Casino is significant in the area of Social History for its association with the
development of the seasonal community on Little Diamond Island and as a building that
supports the activities and reinforces social bonds of the members of that community. In the
first context, the Casino was conceived of as an important asset within an intentional
community developed by a real estate agency, a trend that was common in the later
nineteenth and early twentieth century. In the second context it provided the focal point for
events, traditions, and organizations that helped define the social aspect of the island’s
summer community.

For decades urban dwellers had been spending summers in Maine’s resort communities,
building cottages or frequenting inns and hotels, establishing private colonies on the beach or
on offshore islands, or visiting sporting camps in the Maine woods. By the end of the 19 th
century towns like Bar Harbor and Kennebunkport were built out with ostentatious cottages
often owned by America’s wealthiest families, while other communities like Peaks Island and
Old Orchard Beach offered up casinos, dance halls, and skating rinks for their visitors. Yet in
other quieter places, on small harbors or peninsulas or islands, real estate developers bought
land to plat summer cottage or camp or cabin communities. In general, these communities
consisted of numerous medium-to-small building lots, a series of streets or lanes, and a
modicum of infrastructure (water, dock or ferry, gas or later electricity). At the center of the
communities were the natural resources (views, beaches, ponds, hills) and the social
resources (a chapel, a store, a hall, a fire shed, a hotel). Some cottage communities attracted
family groups, others drew people from one town or another, and yet others were bound by
common histories, professions, universities, or religions. Some cottage communities targeted
middle class families, others looked for “the better sort” or excluded various classes of people.
Once the summer colony was established it formed its own group, with traditions, shared
experiences and social connections that extended beyond the locale and the summer season.

These social summer communities did not really develop organically, the buildings, the
entertainment and leisure, and the social constructs were planned, marketed and sold starting
in the decades after the Civil War. The early, post-contact history of Little Diamond Island
included limited farming and grazing. Fishermen also used the island, salt was made there
and fish were cured there. Prior to the Civil War the island was owned by a single family, with a
light house and buoy station set on the island in 1875. In 1880 the island was divided roughly
in half with the eastern half sold to Bishop James Healy and the western half sold to Elizabeth
and Abiel Smith. The latter couple initially erected a cottage for themselves and as many as
16 rental cottages on the high point of land facing the harbor. In addition, they served meals at
one of the cottages, erected an icehouse, a landing and a bath house. According to one of the
histories of the island compiled in “The Casino’s 100th Anniversary 1908-2008”, a social
cottage, named the Macao Club, was built on an inland parcel. In 1907 the Smiths started
selling off lots, and the following year George W. Brown and the Maine Coast Realty Company
purchased 35 acres and laid out a plan for a cottage community of 107 lots at the southwest



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end of the island.8 Nineteen cottages already existed, eleven of which were acquired by
Brown, and three more were built during the first season. That same year Brown published a
“Souvenir” of Little Diamond Island that extolled the island’s virtues and advertised his real
estate development. The following excerpts from that publication typify the inducements of the
developers of this period.

 Less than two miles from the city it commands a most charming panorama,
 including, besides the beautiful landscape, all the movements upon the waters of the
 bay. In addition to pure air and pure water, there are excellent facilities for boating
 and fishing, which with its hourly connection with the city, make it acharming [sic]
 outing retreat.9

 …And besides all these advantages, one of the most desirable features of the
 situation is its entire isolation from all intrusion from uninvited and unwelcome
 guests, being in that unique position where all that is going on around can be plainly
 seen, without the discomfort and annoyance of uninvited guests, a most desirable
 feature of a restful summer resort.

 The southerly half of this beautiful island has recently (March, 1908) come into new
 hands and is being developed into a high class and exclusive summer residential
 colony…
 A new water system for Little Diamond Island is one of the great features of the
 present development…
 A reservoir of 30,000 gallons capacity has been erected on Sunset Rock Hill at an
 elevation sufficient to put water into the second story of every house on the island…
 Sewers of ample capacity to care for every lot on the property have been
 provided….

 The Little Diamond Island population has always been and will continue to be, of the
 islands of Casco Bay, one of the most exclusive and select. Undesirable citizens
 have not welcome waiting for them here and only those able to furnish satisfactory
 references are allowed to become owners of lots…

 Mr. John Calvin Stevens, one of the leading and acknowledged best architects in
 New England, has been engaged as consulting and supervising architect and will
 make plans for cottages appropriate and designed particularly for each location so
 that the harmony of the one great whole shall be conserved. To the first twenty
 purchasers of lots within one year that will build a cottage of from $1500 to $5000 in
 value, will be given a set of architect’s plans free of charge.10



8
  The deeds for the land and cottage sales were executed between Elizabeth W. Smith and George W. Brown and/or the
Maine Coast Realty Company in 1908. The Casino was not completed and opened until July of 1909.
9
  George H. Haynes, The Island & Shore Gems of Beautiful Casco Bay, as quoted in George W. Brown, Little Diamond Island
(Portland: Smith & Sale, 1908), p 3.
10
 Brown, pp 3,5.

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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State


After noting that the contract for a gas plant had been executed, Brown then turns to the
Casino.


 Here, shore dinners will be served. This question is one that has perhaps been most
 often asked by the thousands visiting Portland every year: “Why is it there is no place
 where a specially served first class fish dinner can be obtained without a journey of
 twenty or thirty miles at a cost of two or three dollars?...The plan here is to cater only to
 the finest trade. Regular shore dinners will be served or you can be supplied on the
 European plan from a regular bill of fare. Fish and lobsters (alive and immediately out
 of the water) will be furnished for the tables.

 The action of the company in erecting a new pier and casino on Little Diamond Island is
 not to be understood as a movement in the direction of a pleasure and amusement
 resort for such is not to be the case. Little Diamond has been a summer residence for a
 large number of Portland families who go there for rest and that it shall continue to be
 such is the plan of the new management. The old hall has become antiquated and it is
 necessary that a better and more up-to-date meeting place should be provided for the
 use for the residents and their friends for social entertainments, services, etc. This
 assembly hall in the second story of the casino has been provided for this
 purpose…The first story of the casino is to be used as a restaurant of a high order and
 in keeping with the traditions of the island.11


While the master plan included selling lots, directing the aesthetics of the island with well-
designed cottages, new roads, and planting maple trees, the endeavor was more extensive.
“Besides the Casino (restaurant) there was an aquarium in front of the Casino, from which
guests could choose fish for their dinner. Part of the cove near the casino was walled off and
warmed seawater was pumped in., a bathhouse with a rooftop sitting area was also built and a
steamboat pier, freight sheds, and a lobster pound completed the complex.”12 Unfortunately,
the complex never obtained the traffic from Portland and other islands that Brown’s Maine
Coast Realty needed to succeed, and the development floundered. In 1912 he abandoned the
project. He entered into an agreement with the newly formed Little Diamond Island
Association to take over the real estate except for the Casino, which he sold to Mildred S.
Keating who converted the restaurant and hall into a private residence. The deed to Keating
stated that “[t]he casino is to be made over into a family cottage and is to be discontinued as a
Casino from this date and not to be again used for that purpose.” 13

11
 Brown, pp 9-10.
12 Hal Hackett, “A Brief History of Little Diamond Island Information” in Jessie Stuart and Hal Hackett, The Casino’s 100th
Anniversary 1908-2008, (Little Diamond Island Association, 2008), p. 91.
13
 Cumberland County Registry of Deeds, Portland, Maine, Book 902, page 110, October 8, 2012. The traditional history is
that Major John B. Keating, British Vice Consul, purchased the house in 1912, but it was actually sold to his daughter,
Mildred, who was about 19 at the time, and had been born in Massachusetts. She sold it to her father in 1919, (book 1013
page 428) and six months later he sold it to Allen and Perkins, a real estate company (book1028 page 391). Allens and
Perkins subsequently sold it to Rosemont Reality Co (book 1031, page 470), they sold it to Nellie Bigelow (book 1060, page
198), who sold it to Fred Draper in 1923 (book 1143, page 468). Fred Draper sold the building to the Little Diamond Island

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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




As mentioned in Section 7 the Casino was, to some extent, remodeled or refunctioned to use
as a summer cottage for the next twelve years, but by 1924 the Macao House, which had been
used for social gatherings, was no longer adequate for that purpose and the Little Diamond
Island Association purchased the Casino to once again be used as the social center of the
island. According to tradition the building was restored to its original condition and
configuration.


The LDI Casino is a clubhouse, a meeting place and a hub of activity serving a particular
population – the residents of LDI. It is owned by the Little Diamond Island Association and is
exclusive in the sense that to be a member, or hold a share, you must own a cottage on the
island. This limits participation to a select group and their families, and the History of Little
Diamond Island by Jessie Stuart and Hall Hackett record, decade by decade, the traditions like
the Labor Day Clam Bake and Fourth of July events and the Saturday Night Suppers that bind
island families together. The history also records the births, deaths, engagements and
weddings, as well as special events and committees that brought the islanders together and
which were celebrated at the Casino. These are the shared histories that create, to this day, a
sense of place to this small island cottage community, and the Casino is the locus for this
social history.


Developmental history/additional historic context information (If appropriate.)


9. Major Bibliographical References

Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)


Brown, George W. 1908. Little Diamond Island. Portland: Smith & Sale.

Harris, Harlowe. 1844. "The Portland Directory for the year 1844." Portland Directories.

Stuart, Jessie, and Hal Hackett. 2008. The Casino's 100th Anniversary 1908-2008. Little
 Diamond Island Association.

1909. "The Casino." Casco Bay Breeze. Portland, Maine, June 24. 1.




Previous documentation on file (NPS):


Association on June 6, 2024, (book 1171, page 205) and the mortgage was cleared in 1929. All deed references are to the
Cumberland County Registry of Deeds, Portland, Maine.

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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




 preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested
 previously listed in the National Register
 previously determined eligible by the National Register
 designated a National Historic Landmark
 recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #
 recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #
 recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey #

Primary location of additional data:
 State Historic Preservation Office
 Other State agency
 Federal agency
 Local government
 University
 Other
 Name of repository:

Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): 357-0926


10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property Less than one acre.


Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates

Latitude/Longitude Coordinates
Datum if other than WGS84:
(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places)

 1. Latitude: Longitude:

 2. Latitude: Longitude:

 3. Latitude: Longitude:

 4. Latitude: Longitude:


Or

UTM References
Datum (indicated on USGS map):


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NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012)


LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State


 NAD 1927 or NAD 1983


 1. Zone: 19 Easting: 402428.54 Northing: 4835174.29

 2. Zone: Easting: Northing:

 3. Zone: Easting: Northing:

 4. Zone: Easting: Northing:



 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.)

 The boundaries of the nominated property conform to the City of Portland tax map 105 Lot
 Q027001. The lot encompasses the footprint of the building, and a small portion of the
 grass covered ledge southeast of the building. It does not include the wharf or the access
 deck at the northwest side of the building.



Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)

The selected boundaries conform to the property deed from Fred D. Draper to the Little
Diamond Island Association, Cumberland County, Maine Registry of Deeds, Book 1171 page
205, 1924 and this is the extent of the property historically directly associated with the Casino.



11. Form Prepared By

 name/title: Christi Chapman-Mitchell
 organization: Throughlines Historic Research and Consulting
 street & number: 251 Head Tide Road
 city or town: Whitefield state: Maine zip code: 04353
 e-mail: ThroughlinesMaine@outlook.com
 telephone: 207.458.6745
 date: 29 January 2026




Additional Documentation

Submit the following items with the completed form:

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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




 • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's
 location.

 • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous
 resources. Key all photographs to this map.

 • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)




Photographs
Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels
(minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to
the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the
photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo
date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every
photograph.



Photo Log

Name of Property: Little Diamond Island Casino

City or Vicinity: Portland

County: Cumberland State: Maine

Photographer: Martha Mickles

Date Photographed: October 6 – 20, 2025

Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of
camera:

1 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0001.TIF
 Little Diamond Island Casino, Shell Island and Little Diamond Island wharf; facing
 northeast.

2 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0002.TIF
 South facade of Little Diamond Island Casino and Shell Island; facing north.

3 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0003.TIF
 East elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing west.


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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




4 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0004.TIF
 North elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing south.

5 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0005.TIF
 West elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing east

6 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0006.TIF
 Interior, first floor dining room; facing northwest.

7 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0007.TIF
 Interior, first floor chimney stack and fireplace; facing north.

8 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0008.TIF
 Interior, first floor staircase and from left door to store, door to bathroom, and
 exterior door to east side; facing northeast.

9 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0009.TIF
 Interior, kitchen; facing west.

10 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0010.TIF
 Interior of kitchen, and from left exterior door to north side, ice box door, walk-in
 cooler door, storage area; facing east.

11 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0011.TIF
 Second floor, roof framing; facing west.

12 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0012.TIF
 Second floor hall/Rec Room, and from left stairs to first floor, door to storage
 room, and door to library; facing northeast.

13 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0013.TIF
 Second floor, library; facing southeast. Note raised floor at left.

14 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0014.TIF
 Interior, first floor, store, with door to staircase on left and blocked door to storage
 on right; facing southwest.

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to
nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is
required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for
reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden
estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW,
Washington, DC.




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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




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LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE
Name of Property County and State




Figure 1 Section of City of Portland GIS map with the nominated property boundary in red




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

1




2




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

3




4




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

5




6




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

7




8




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

9




10




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine

11




12




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National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine



13




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 Page 47
NATIONAL REGISTER
 BULLETIN
 Technical information on the the National Register of Historic Places:
  survey, evaluation, registration, and preservation of cultural resources

 U.S. Department of the Interior
 National Park Service
 Cultural Resources
 National Register, History and Education




How to Apply the National Register
 Criteria for Evaluation




 Page 48
The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide
access to our Nation's natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust
responsibilities to tribes.

The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural
resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education,
and inspiration of this and future generations. The Park Service cooperates
with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource
conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world.

This material is partially based upon work conducted under a cooperative
agreement with the National Conference ofState Historic Preservation Officers
and the U.S. Department of the Interior.




Date of publication: 1990; revised 1991, 1995, 1997. Revised for Internet 1995.

Cover

(Top Left) Criterion B - Frederick Douglass Home, Washington, D.C. From 1877-
1899, this was the home of Frederick Douglass, the former slave who rose to become a
prominent author, abolitionist, editor, orator, and diplomat. (Walter Smalling, Jr.)

(Top Right) Criterion D - Francis Canyon Ruin, Blanco vicinity, Rio Arriba
County, New Mexico. A fortified village site composed of 40 masonry-walled rooms
arranged in a cluster of four house blocks. Constructed ca. 1716-1742 for protection
against raiding Utes and Comanches, the site has information potential related to Na-
vajo, Pueblo, and Spanish cultures. (Jon Samuelson)

(Bottom Left) Criterion C - Bridge in Cherrytree Township, Venago County,
Pennsylvania. Built in 1882, this Pratt through truss bridge is significant for engi-
neering as a well preserved example of a type of bridge frequently used in northwestern
Pennsylvania in the late 19th century. (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation)

(Bottom Right) Criterion A - Main Street/Market Square Historic District,
Houston, Harris County, Texas. Until well into the 20th century this district marked
the bounds of public and business life in Houston. Constructed between the 1870s and
1920s, the district includes Houston's municipal and county buildings, and served as
the city's wholesale, retail, and financial center. (Paul Hester)




 Page 49
PREFACE

 Preserving historic properties as cant in our prehistory and history. It should be used by anyone who
important reflections of our American These properties represent the major must decide if a particular property
heritage became a national policy patterns of our shared local, S_tate, qualifies for the National Register of
through passage of the Antiquities and national experience. To guide the Historic Places.
Act of 1906, the Historic Sites Act of selection of properties included in the Listing properties in the National
1935, and the National Historic Pres- National Register, the National Park Register is an important step in a na-
ervation Act of 1966, as amended. Service has developed the National tionwide preservation process. The
The Historic Sites Act authorized the Register Criteria for Evaluation. responsibility for the identification,
Secretary of the Interior to identify These criteria are standards by which initial evaluation, nomination, and
and recognize properties of national every property that is nominated to treatment of historic resources lies
significance (National Historic Land- the National Register is judged. In with private individuals, State historic
marks) in United States history and addition, the National Park Service preservation offices, and Federal pres-
archeology. The National Historic has developed criteria for the recogni- ervation offices, local governments,
Preservation Act of 1966 authorized tion of nationally significant proper- and Indian tribes. The final evalua-
the Secretary to expand this recogni- ties, which are designated National tion and listing of properties in the
tion to properties of local and State Historic Landmarks and prehistoric National Register is the responsibility
significance in American history, ar- and historic units of the National Park of the Keeper of the National Register.
chitecture, archeology, engineering, System. Both these sets of criteria This bulletin was prepared by staff
and culture, and worthy of preserva- were developed to be consistent with of the National Register Branch, Inter-
tion. The National Register of His- the Secretary of the Interior's Stan- agency Resources Division, National
toric Places is the official list of these dards and Guidelinesfor Archeology and Park Service, with the assistance of the
recognized properties, and is main- Historic Preservation, which are uni- History Division. It was originally is-
tained and expanded by the National form, national standards for preserva- sued in draft form in 1982. The draft
Park Service on behalf of the Secretary tion activities. 2 was revised into final form by Patrick
of the Interior. 1 This publication explains how the W. Andrus, Historian, National Regis-
 The National Register of Historic National Park Service applies these ter, and edited by Rebecca H.
Places documents the appearance and criteria in evaluating the wide range Shrimpton, Consulting Historian.
importance of districts, sites, build- of properties that may be significant Beth L. Savage, National Register
ings, structures, and objects signifi- in local, State, and national history. and Sarah Dillard Pope, National Reg-
 ister, NCSHPO coordinated the latest
 revision of this bulletin. Antionette J.
 Lee, Tanya Gossett, and Kira Badamo
 coordinated earlier revisions.




 1Properties listed in the National Register receive limited Federal protection and certain benefits. For more information concerning the effects of
listing, and how the National Register may be used by the general public and Certified Local Governments, as well as by local, State, and Federal
agencies, and for copies of National Register Bulletins, contact the National Park Service, National Register, 1849 C Street, NW, NC400, Washington,
D.C., 20240. Information may also be obtained by visiting the National Register Web site at www.cr.nps.gov/nr or by contacting any of the historic
preservat10n offices m the States and territories.

 'The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation are found in the Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190
(Thursday, September 29, 1983). A copy can be obtained by writing the National Park Service, Heritage Preservation Services (at the address above).

 Page 50
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................................... i

I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

II. National Register Criteria for Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 2

III. How to Use this Bulletin to Evaluate a Property ................................................................................................................. 3

IV. How to Define Categories of Historic Properties ................................................................................................................ 4

 Building .........................................................................................................................................................................................4
 Structure ........................................................................................................................................................................................4
 Object .........................................................................................................................................................................................5
 Site .........................................................................................................................................................................................5
 District .........................................................................................................................................................................................5
 Concentration, Linkage, & Continuity of Features ........................................................................................................5
 Significance ..........................................................................................................................................................................5
 Types of Features ................................................................................................................................................................5

 g~;~~{i;~~~s
 8
 ~¥s~~~;!~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
V. How to Evaluate a Property Within its Historfc Context ................................................................................................... 7

 Understanding Historic Contexts .............................................................................................................................................7
 How to Evaluate a Property Within Its Historic Context .....................................................................................................7
 Properties Significant Within More Than on Historic Context ...................................................................................9
 Comparing Related Properties ..........................................................................................................................................9
 Local, State, and National Historic Contexts ..........................................................................................................................9

VI. How to Identify the Type of Significance of a Property .................................................................................................. 11

 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................11
 Criterion A: Event .....................................................................................................................................................................12
 Understanding Criterion A .............................................................................................................................................12

 Jy~! ~~t:!~~s~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
 Association of the Property with the Events .........................................................................................................12
 Significance of the Association ................................................................................................................................12
 Traditional Cultural Values .....................................................................................................................................13

 Criterion B: Person ...................................................................................................................................................................14




 Comparison to Related Properties ..........................................................................................................................15
 Association with Groups ..........................................................................................................................................15
 Association with Living Persons .............................................................................................................................16
 Association with Architects/ Artisans ....................................................................................................................16
 Native American Sites ...............................................................................................................................................16




 ii Page 51
 Distinctive Characteristics of Type, Period, and Method of Construction .............................................................. 18
 Historic Adaptation of the Original Property .............................................................................................................. 19
 Works of a Master ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
 Properties Possessing High Artistic Values .................................................................................................................. 20

 Criterion D: Information Potential ........................................................................................................................................ 21
 Understanding Criterion D ................................................................................................................................................. 21
 Applying Criterion D ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
 Archeological Sites ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
 Buildings, Structures, and Objects .......................................................................................................................... 21
 Association with Human Activity .......................................................................................................................... 22
 Establishing a Historic Context ............................................................................................................................... 22
 Developing Research Questions .............................................................................................................................. 22
 Establishing the Presence of Adequate Data ......................................................................................................... 23
 Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
 Partly Excavated or Disturbed Properties ............................................................................................................. 23
 Completely Excavated Sites ..................................................................................................................................... 24

VII. How to Apply the Criteria Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 25

 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
 Criteria Consideration A: Religious Properties ................................................................................................................... 26
 Understanding Criteria Consideration A ...................................................................................................................... 26
 Applying Criteria Consideration A ............................................................................................................................... 26
 Eligibility for Historic Events .................................................................................................................................. 26
 Eligibility for Historic Persons ................................................................................................................................. 27
 Eligibility for Architectural or Artistic Distinction .............................................................................................. 28
 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 28
 Ability to Reflect Historic Associations .................................................................................................................. 28

 Criteria Consideration B: Moved Properties ........................................................................................................................ 29
 Understanding Criteria Consideration B ...................................................................................................................... 29
 Applying Criteria Consideration B ................................................................................................................................ 29
 Eligibility for Architectural Value ........................................................................................................................... 29
 Eligibility for Historic Associations ........................................................................................................................ 30
 Setting and Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 30
 Association Dependent on the Site ......................................................................................................................... 30
 Properties Designed to Be Moved ........................................................................................................................... 31
 Artificially Created Groupings ................................................................................................................................ 31
 Portions of Properties ................................................................................................................................................ 31

 Criteria Consideration C: Birthplaces and Graves .............................................................................................................. 32
 Understanding Criteria Consideration C ...................................................................................................................... 32
 Applying Criteria Consideration C ................................................................................................................................ 32
 Persons of Outstanding Importance ....................................................................................................................... 32
 Last Surviving Property Associated with a Person .............................................................................................. 32
 Eligibility for Other Associations ............................................................................................................................ 33

 Criteria Consideration D: Cemeteries ................................................................................................................................... 34
 Understanding Criteria Consideration D ...................................................................................................................... 34
 Applying Criteria Consideration D ............................................................................................................................... 34
 Persons of Transcendent Importance ..................................................................................................................... 34
 Eligibility on the Basis of Age .................................................................................................................................. 35
 Eligibility for Design ................................................................................................................................................. 35
 Eligibility for Association with Events ................................................................................................................... 35
 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 35
 Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36
 National Cemeteries .................................................................................................................................................. 36

 Criteria Consideration E: Reconstructed Properties ........................................................................................................... 37
 Understanding Criteria Consideration E ...................................................................................................................... 37
 Applying Criteria Consideration E ................................................................................................................................ 37
 Accuracy of the Reconstruction ............................................................................................................................... 37
 Suitable Environment ................................................................................................................................................ 37
 Restoration Master Plans .......................................................................................................................................... 38

 Page 52
 111
 Last Surviving Property of a Type ............................................................................................................................... 38
 Reconstructions Older than Fifty Years ....................................................................................................................... 38

 Criteria Consideration F: Commemorative Properties ...................................................................................................... 39
 Understanding Criteria Consideration F .......................................................................................................................... 39
 Applying Criteria Consideration F .................................................................................................................................... 39
 Eligibility for Design ................................................................................................................................................. 39
 Eligibility for Age, Tradition, or Symbolic Value ................................................................................................. 40
 Ineligibility as the Last Representative of an Event or Person ........................................................................... 40

 Criteria Consideration G: Properties that Have Achieved Significance Within the Past Fifty Years ........................ 41
 Understanding Criteria Consideration G ......................................................................................................................... 41
 Applying Criteria Consideration G ................................................................................................................................... 42
 Eligibility for Exceptional Importance ................................................................................................................... 42
 Historical Perspective ................................................................................................................................................ 42
 National Park Service Rustic Architecture ............................................................................................................ 42
 Veterans Administration Hospitals ........................................................................................................................ 42
 Comparison with Related Properties ..................................................................................................................... 42
 World War II Properties ........................................................................................................................................... 42
 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 43
 Historic Districts ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
 Properties Over Fifty Years in Age, Under Fifty Years in Significance ............................................................ 43
 Requirement to Meet the Criteria, Regardless of Age ......................................................................................... 43

VIII. How to Evaluate the Integrity of a Property .............................................................................................................. 44

 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44
 Understanding the Aspects of Integrity ........................................................................................................................ 44
 Location ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44
 Design .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44
 Setting .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44
 Materials ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45
 Workmanship ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
 Feeling .......................................................................................................................................................................... 45
 Association .................................................................................................................................................................. 45
 Assessing Integrity in Properties .................................................................................................................................... 45
 Defining the Essential Physical Features ............................................................................................................... 46
 Visibility of the Physical Features ........................................................................................................................... 46
 Comparing Similar Properties ................................................................................................................................. 47
 Determining the Relevant Aspects of Integrity .................................................................................................... 48

IX. Summary of the National Historic Landmarks Criteria for Evaluation ............................................................... 50

X. Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 53

XI. List of National Register Bulletins ............................................................................................................................... 54




iv Page 53
I. INTRODUCTION
 The National Register is the historic contexts. Detailed guidance • Expecting to nominate a property
nation's inventory of historic places for developing and applying historic as a National Historic Landmark
and the national repository of docu- contexts is contained in National Reg- in addition to nominating it to
mentation on the variety of historic ister Bulletin: How to Complete the Na- the National Register.
property types, significance, abun- tional Register Registration Form and
dance, condition, ownership, needs, National Register Bulletin: How to Com-
and other information. It is the begin- plete the National Register Multiple This bulletin also contains a sum-
ning of a national census of historic Property Documentation Form ) mary of the National Historic Land-
properties. The National Register Cri- The guidelines provided here are marks Criteria for Evaluation (see
teria for Evaluation define the scope intended to help you understand the Part IX). National Historic Land-
of the National Register of Historic National Park Service's use of the Cri- marks are those districts, sites, build-
Places; they identify the range of re- teria for Evaluation, historic contexts, ings, structures, and objects desig-
sources and kinds of significance that integrity, and Criteria Considerations, nated by the Secretary of the Interior
will qualify properties for listing in and how they apply to properties un- as possessing national significance in
the National Register. The Criteria der consideration for listing in the American history, architecture, arche-
are written broadly to recognize the National Register. Examples are pro- ology, engineering, and culture .. Al-
wide variety of historic properties as- vided throughout, illustrating specific though National Register documenta-
sociated with our prehistory and his- circumstances in which properties are tion includes a recommendation
tory. and are not eligible for the National about whether a property is signifi-
 Decisions concerning the signifi- Register. This bulletin should be used cant at the local, State, or national
cance, historic integrity, documenta- by anyone who is: level, the only official designation of
tion, and treatment of properties can national significance is as a result of
be made reliably only when the re- • Preparing to nominate a property National Historic Landmark designa-
source is evaluated within its historic to the National Register, tion by the Secretary of the Interior,
context. The historic context serves as National Monument designation by
 • Seeking a determination of a the President of the United States, or
the framework within which the Na-
 property's eligibility, establishment as a unit of the National
tional Register Criteria are applied to
specific properties or property types. • Evaluating the comparable sig- Park System by Congress. These
(See Part V for a brief discussion of nificance of a property to those properties are automatically listed in
 listed in the National Register, or the National Register.




 Page 54
 1
II. THE NATIONAL
REGISTERCRITERIAFOR
EVALUATION
 c. A birthplace or grave of a historical
CRITERIA FOR CRITERIA figure of outstanding importance
 if there is no appropriate site or
EVALUATION: 3 CONSIDERATIONS: building directly associated with
 his or her productive life; or
 The quality of significance in Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, d A cemetery which derives its
American history, architecture, arche- or graves of historical figures, proper- primary significance from graves
ology, engineering, and culture is ties owned by religious institutions or of persons of transcendent impor-
present in districts, sites, buildings, used for religious purposes, structures tance, from age, from distinctive
structures, and objects that possess in- that have been moved from their design features, or from association
tegrity of location, design, setting, ma- original locations, reconstructed his- with historic events; or
terials, workmanship, feeling, and as- toric buildings, properties primarily
sociation, and: commemorative in nature, and prop- e. A reconstructed building when
 erties that have achieved significance accuratelv executed in a suitable
A. That are associated with events that within the past 50 years shall not be environ~ent and presented in a
 have made a significant contribu- considered eligible for the National dignified manner as part of a
 tion to the broad patterns of our Register. However, such properties restoration master plan, and when
 history; or will qualify if they are integral parts of no other building or structure with
 districts that do meet the criteria or if the same association has survived;
B. That are associated with the lives of
 they fall within the following catego- or
 persons significant in our past; or
 ries: f. A property primarily commemora-
C. That embody the distinctive tive in intent if design, age, tradi-
 characteristics of a type, period, or a. A religious property deriving tion, or symbolic value has in-
 method of construction, or that primary significance from architec- vested it with its own exceptional
 represent the work of a master, or tural or artistic distinction or significance; or
 that possess high artistic values, or historical importance; or
 that represent a significant and g. A property achieving significance
 distinguishable entity whose b. A building or structure removed within the past 50 years if it is of
 components may lack individual from its original location but which exceptional importance.
 distinction; or is significant primarily for architec-
 tural value, or which is the surviv-
D. That have yielded, or may be likely ing structure most importantly
 to yield, information important in associated with a historic person or
 prehistory or history. event; or




3 The Criteria for Evaluation are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part 60, and are reprinted here in full.
 Page 55
2
III. HOW TO USE THIS
BULLETINTO EVALUATEA
PROPERTY
 For a property to qualify for the a district, site, building, structure, 4. Determine if the property repre-
National Register it must meet one of or object for inclusion in the sents a type usually excluded from
the National Register Criteria for National Register. the National Register (Part VII).
Evaluation by: If so, determine if it meets any of
 2. Determine which prehistoric or
 the Criteria Considerations.
 • Being associated with an impor- historic context(s) the property
 represents (Part V). A property 5. Determine whether the property
 tant historic context and
 must possess significance in retains integrity (Part VIII).
 • Retaining historic integrity of American history, architecture, Evaluate the aspects of location,
 those features necessary to con- archeology, engineering, or design, setting, workmanship, ma-
 vey its significance. culture when evaluated within terials, feeling, and association
 the historic context of a relevant that the property must retain to
 Information about the property
 geographic area. convey its historic significance.
based on physical examination and
documentary research is necessary to 3. Determine whether the property
evaluate a property's eligibility for the is significant under the National If, after completing these steps, the
National Register. Evaluation of a Register Criteria (Part VI). This property appears to qualify for the Na-
property is most efficiently made is done by identifying the links to tional Register, the next step is to pre-
when following this sequence: important events or persons, pare a written nomination. (Refer to
 design or construction features, National Register Bulletin: How to
  1. Categorize the property (Part IV). or information potential that Complete the National Register Registra-
 A property must be classified as make the property important. tion Form.)




 Page 56 3
IV. HOW TO DEFINE
CATEGORIESOF HISTORIC
PROPERTIES
 The National Register of Historic whole building must be considered, piers, all of which, if extant, must be
Places includes significant properties, and its significant features must be included when considering the
classified as buildings, sites, districts, identified. property for eligibility.
structures, or objects. It is not used to If a building has lost any of its basic If a structure has lost its historic
list intangible values, except in so far structural elements, it is usuallv con- configuration or pattern of organiza-
as thev are associated with or re- sidered a "ruin" and is categorized as tion through deterioration or demoli-
flected by historic properties. The Na- a site. tion, it is usually considered a "ruin"
tion,11 Register does not list cultural and is categorized as a site.
 Examples of buildings include:
events, or skilled or talented individu-
als, as is done in some countries. administration building Examples of structures include:
Rather, the National Register is ori- carriagehouse
 clzurclz aircraft
ented to recognizing physically con-
 city or town hall apiary
crete properties th<1tare relatively
 courthouse automobile
fixed in location.
 detached kitchen, barn, and privy bandstand
 For purposes of National Register
 dormitory boats and ships
nominations, small groups of proper-
 fort bridge
ties are listed under a single category,
 garage cairn
using the primary resource. For ex-
 hotel canal
ample, a city hall and fountain would
 house carousel
be categorized by the city hall (build-
 library corncrib
ing), a farmhouse with two outbuild-
 mill building dam
ings would be categorized by the
 office building earthwork
farmhouse (building), and a city park
 post office fence
with a gazebo would be categorized
 school gazebo
by the park (site). Properties with
 social hall grain elevator
large acreage or a number of re-
 shed highway
sources are usually considered dis-
tricts. Common sense and reason stable irrigation system
 store kiln
should dictate the selection of catego-
ries. theater lighthouse
 train station railroadgrade
 silo
BUILDING trolley car
 STRUCTURE tunnel
 A building, such as a house, barn, windmill
church, hotel, or similar construc- The term "structure" is used to
tion, is created principally to shelter distinguish from buildings those
any form of human activity. "Build- functional constructions made usu-
ing" may also be used to refer to a ally for purposes other than creating
historically and functionally related human shelter.
unit, such as a courthouse and jail or Structures nominated to the
a house and barn. National Register must include all of
 Buildings eligible for the National the extant basic structural elements.
Register must include all of their basic Parts of structures can not be consid-
structural elements. Parts of build- ered eligible if the whole structure
ings, such as interiors, facades, or remains. For example, a truss bridge
wings, are not eligible independent of is composed of the metal or wooden
the rest of the existing building. The truss, the abutments, and supporting
4 Page 57
OBJECT A site may be a natural landmark commercial buildings, sites, struc-
 strongly associated with significant tures, or objects. A district can also be
 The term "object" is used to prehistoric or historic events or a grouping of archeological sites
distinguish from buildings and patterns of events, if the significance related primarily by their common
structures those constructions that of the natural feature is well docu- components; these types of districts
are primarily artistic in nature or are mented through scholarly research. often will not visually represent a
relatively small in scale and simply Generally, though, the National specific historic environment.
constructed. Although it may be, by Register excludes from the definition
nature or design, movable, an object of "site" natural waterways or bodies SIGNIFICANCE
is associated with a specific setting of water that served as determinants
or environment. in the location of communities or A district must be significant, as
 Small objects not designed for a were significant in the locality's well as being an identifiable entity. It
specific location are normally not subsequent economic development. must be important for historical,
eligible. Such works include trans- While they may have been "avenues architectural, archeological, engineer-
portable sculpture, furniture, and of exploration," the features most ing, or cultural values. Therefore,
other decorative arts that, unlike a appropriate to document this signifi- districts that are significant will
fixed outdoor sculpture, do not cance are the properties built in usually meet the last portion of
possess association with a specific association with the waterways. Criterion C plus Criterion A, Criterion
place. B, other portions of Criterion C, or
 Objects should be in a setting Examples of sites include: Criterion D.
appropriate to their significant battlefield
historic use, roles, or character. campsite TYPES OF FEATURES
Objects relocated to a museum are cemeteriessignificant for information
inappropriate for listing in the Na- potential or historic association A district can comprise both
tional Register. ceremonialsite features that lack individual distinc-
 designed landscape tion and individually distinctive
Examples of objects include: habitation site features that serve as focal points. It
boundary marker natural feature (such as a rock formation) may even be considered eligible if all
fountain having cultural significance of the components lack individual
milepost petroglyph distinction, provided that the group-
monument rock carving ing achieves significance as a whole
scupturc rock shelter within its historic context. In either
statuary ruins of a building or structure case, the majority of the components
 shipwreck that add to the district's historic
 trail character, even if they are individu-
 village site ally undistinguished, must possess
SITE integrity, as must the district as a
 DISTRICT whole.
 A site is the location of a signifi- A district can contain buildings,
cant event, a prehistoric or historic structures, sites, objects, or open
occupation or activity, or a building A district possesses a significant
 concentration, linkage, or continuity spaces that do not contribute to the
or structure, whether standing, significance of the district. The
ruined, or vanished, where the of sites, buildings, structures, or
 objects united historically or aes- nm:1b~r of noncontributing properties
location itself possesses historic, a d1stnct can contain yet still convey
cultural, or archeological value thetically by plan or physical devel-
 opment. its sense of time and place and
regardless of the value of any exist- historical development depends on
ing structure. how these properties affect the
 A site can possess associative CONCENTRATION, LINKAGE, &
 CONTINUITY OF FEATURES district's integrity. In archeological
significance or information potential districts, the primary factor to be
or both, and can be significant under considered is the effect of any distur-
any or all of the four criteria. A site A district derives its importance
 from being a unified entity, even bances on the information potential of
need not be marked by physical the district as a whole.
remains if it is the location of a though it is often composed of a wide
prehistoric or historic event or pattern v~rie_ty of resources. The identity of a
of events and if no buildings, struc- d1stnct results from the interrelation-
tures, or objects marked it at the time ship of its resources, which can
of the events. However, when the convey a visual sense of the overall
location of a prehistoric or historic historic environment or be an ar-
event cannot be conclusively deter- rangement of historically or function-
mined because no other cultural al_ly~elated properties. For example, a
materials were present or survive, d1stnct can reflect one principal
documentation must be carefully activity, such as a mill or a ranch, or it
evaluated to determine whether the can encompass several interrelated
traditionally recognized or identified activities, such as an area that in-
site is accurate. cludes industrial, residential, or

 Page 58
 5
GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES DISCONTIGUOUS DISTRICTS It is not appropriate to use the
 discontiguous district format to
 A district must be a definable A district is usually a single geo- include an isolated resource or small
geographic area that can be distin- graphic area of contiguous historic group of resources which were once
guished from surrounding properties properties; however, a district can connected to the district, but have
by changes such as density, scale, also be composed of two or more since been separated either through
type, age, style of sites, buildings, definable significant areas separated demolition or new construction. For
structures, and objects, or by docu- by nonsignificant areas. A example, do not use the discontiguous
mented differences in patterns of discontiguous district is most appro- district format to nominate individual
historic development or associations. priate where: buildings of a downtown commerical
It is seldom defined, however, by the district that have become isolated
limits of current parcels of ownership, • Elements are spatially discrete; through demolition.
management, or planning boundaries.
The boundaries must be based upon a • Space between the elements is Examples of districts iE,[;lude:
shared relationship among the not related to the significance of
 the district; and business districts
properties constituting the district. canal systems
 • Visual continuity is not a factor groups of habitation sites
 in the significance. college campuses
 In addition, a canal can be treated estates and farms with large acreage/
 as a discontiguous district when the numerous properties
 system consists of man-made sections industrial complexes
 of canal interspersed with sections of irrigation systems
 river navigation. For scattered residential areas
 archeological properties, a rural villages
 discontiguous district is appropriate transportation networks
 when the deposits are related to each rural historic districts
 other through cultural affiliation,
 period of use, or site type.




Ordeman-Shaw Historic District, Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama.
Historic districts derive their identity from the interrationship of their resources. Part
of the defining characteristics of this 19th century residential district in Montgomery,
Alabama, is found in the rhythmic pattern of the rows of decorative porches. (Frank L.
Thiermonge, III)




6
 Page 59
V. HOWTOEVALUATEA
PROPERTY WITHIN ITS
HISTORIC CONTEXT
UNDERSTANDING In order to decide whether a
 property is significant within its HOW TO EVALUATE
HISTORIC historic context, the following five
 things must be determined: APROPERTY
CONTEXTS • The facet of prehistory or history
 WITHIN ITS
 To qualify for the National Regis-
 of the local area, State, or the na-
 tion that the property represents;
 HISTORIC CONTEXT
ter, a property must be significant;
that is, it must represent a significant • Whether that facet of prehistory Identify what the property repre-
part of the history, architecture, or history is significant; sents: the theme(s), geographical
archeology, engineering, or culture of • Whether it is a type of property limits, and chronological period that
an area, and it must have the charac- that has relevance and impor- provide a perspective from which to
teristics that make it a good represen- tance in illustrating the historic evaluate the property's significance.
tative of properties associated with context;
that aspect of the past. This section Historic contexts are historical
explains how to evaluate a property • How the property illustrates that patterns that can be identified through
within its historic context. history; and finally consideration of the history of the
 The significance of a historic • Whether the property possesses property and the history of the sur-
property can be judged and explained the physical features necessary to rounding area. Historic contexts may
only when it is evaluated within its convey the aspect of prehistory have already been defined in your area
historic context. Historic contexts are or history with which it is associ- by the State historic preservation office,
those patterns or trends in history by ated. Federal agencies, or local governments.
which a specific occurrence, property, In accordance with the National Regis-
or site is understood and its meaning These five steps are discussed in ter Criteria, the historic context may
(and ultimately its significance) detail below. If the property being relate to one of the following:
within history or prehistory is made evaluated does represent an impor-
clear. Historians, architectural tant aspect of the area's history or • An event, a series of events or ac-
historians, folklorists, archeologists, prehistory and possesses the requisite tivities, or patterns of an area's de-
and anthropologists use different quality of integrity, then it qualifies velopment (Criterion A);
words to describe this phenomena for the National Register.
 • Association with the life of an im-
such as trend, pattern, theme, or
cultural affiliation, but ultimately the portant person (Criterion B);
concept is the same. • A building form, architectural style,
 The concept of historic context is engineering technique, or artistic
not a new one; it has been fundamen- values, based on a stage of physical
tal to the study of history since the development, or the use of a mate-
18th century and, arguably, earlier rial or method of construction that
than that. Its core premise is that shaped the historic identity of an
resources, properties, or happenings area (Criterion C); or
in history do not occur in a vacuum
but rather are part of larger trends or • A research topic (Criterion D).
patterns.


  4
 For a complete discussion of historic contexts, see National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places
  Registration Forms.
 Page 60
 7
 Determine how the theme of the Determine what the property type Determine how the property
context is significant in the history of is and whether it is important in represents the context through
the local area, the State, or the illustrating the historic context. specific historic associations, archi-
nation. tectural or engineering values, or
 A context may be represented by a information potential (the Criteria
 A theme is a means of organizing variety of important property types. for Evaluation).
properties into coherent patterns For example, the context of "Civil
based on elements such as environ- War Military Activity in Northern For example, the context of county
ment, social/ ethnic groups, transpor- Virginia" might be represented by government expansion is represented
tation networks, technology, or such properties as: a group of mid- under Criterion A by historic districts
political developments that have 19th century fortification structures; or buildings that reflect population
influenced the development of an area an open field where a battle occurred; growth, development patterns, the
during one or more periods of prehis- a knoll from which a general directed role of government in that society,
tory or history. A theme is considered troop movements; a sunken transport and political events in the history of
significant if it can be demonstrated, ship; the residences or public build- the State, as well as the impact of
through scholarly research, to be ings that served as company head- county government on the physical
important in American history. Many quarters; a railroad bridge that served development of county seats. Under
significant themes can be found in the as a focal point for a battle; and Criterion C, the context is represented
following list of Areas of Significance earthworks exhibiting particular by properties whose architectural
used by the National Register. construction techniques. treatments reflect their governmental
 Because a historic context for a functions, both practically and
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE community can be based on a distinct symbolically. (See Part VI: How to
Agriculture period of development, it might Identify the Type of Significance of a
Architecture include numerous property types. Property.)
Archeology For example, the context "Era of
 Prehistoric Industrialization in Grand Bav, Determine what physical features
 Historic-Aboriginal Michigan, 1875 - 1900" could be the property must possess in order
 Historic-Non-Aboriginal represented by important property for it to reflect the significance of the
Art types as diverse as sawmills, paper historic context.
Commerce mill sites, salt refining plants, flour
Communications mills, grain elevators, furniture These physical features can be
Community Planning and Development factories, workers housing, commer- determined after identifying the
Conservation cial buildings, social halls, schools, following:
Economics churches, and transportation facilities.
Education A historic context can also be based • Which types of properties are as-
Engineering on a single important type of prop- sociated with the historic context,
Entertainment/ Recreation erty. The context "Development of
 • The ways in which properties can
Ethnic Heritage County Government in Georgia,
 represent the theme, and
 Asian 1777 - 1861" might be represented
 Black solely by courthouses. Similarly, • The applicable aspects of integ-
 European "Bridge Construction in Pittsburgh, rity.
 Hispanic 1870 - 1920" would probably only
 have one property type. Properties that have the defined
 Native American characteristics are eligible for listing.
 Pacific Islander (See Part VIII: How to Evaluate the
 Other Integrity of a Property.)
Exploralion/ Settlement
Health/Medicine
Industry
Invention
LandscapeArchitecture
Law
Literature
Maritime History
Military
Performing Arts
Philosophy
Politics/Government
Religion
Science
Social History
Transportation
Other



 Page 61
8
PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT found throughout the entire State:
 LOCAL, STATE, they can be located in only a portion
WITHIN MORE THAN ONE of the State's present political bound-
HISTORIC CONTEXT AND NATIONAL ary. It is the property's historic
 context that must be important
 A specific property can be signifi- HISTORIC statewide. For example, the "cotton
cant within one or more historic belt" extends through only a portion
contexts, and, if possible, all of these CONTEXTS of Georgia, yet its historical develop-
should be identified. For example, a ment in the antebellum period af-
public building constructed in the Historic contexts are found at a fected the entire State. These State
1830s that is related to the historic variety of geographical levels or historic contexts may have associated
context of Civil War campaigns in the scales. The geographic scale selected properties that are statewide or
area might also be related to the may relate to a pattern of historical locally significant representations. A
theme of political developments in the development, a political division, or a cotton gin in a small town might be a
community during the 1880s. A cultural area. Regardless of the scale, locally significant representation of
property is only required, however, to the historic context establishes the this context, while one of the largest
be documented as significant in one framework from which decisions cotton producing plantations might
context. about the significance of related be of State significance.
 properties can be made. A property whose historic associa-
COMPARING RELATED tions or information potential appears
PROPERTIES LOCAL HISTORIC to extend beyond a single local area
 CONTEXTS might be significant at the State level.
 A property can be significant to more
 Properties listed in the National than one community or local area,
Register must possess significance A local historic context represents
 however, without having achieved
when evaluated in the perspective of an aspect of the history of a town,
 State significance.
their historic context. Once the city, county, cultural area, or region,
 A property that overlaps several
historic context is established and the or any portions thereof. It is defined
 State boundaries can possibly be
property type is determined, it is not by the importance of the property, not
 significant to the State or local history
necessary to evaluate the property in necessarily the physical location of the
 of each of the States. Such a property
question against other properties if: property. For instance, if a property
 is not necessarily of national signifi-
 is of a type found throughout a State,
 cance, however, nor is it necessarily
 • It is the sole example of a prop- or its boundaries extend over two
 significant to all of the States in which
 erty type that is important in il- States, but its importance relates only
 it is located.
 lustrating the historic context or to a particular county, the property
 Prehistoric sites are not often
 would be considered of local signifi-
 • It clearly possesses the defined considered to have "State" signifi-
 cance.
 characteristics required to cance, per se, largely because States
 The level of context of archeologi-
 strongly represent the context. are relatively recent political entities
 cal sites significant for their informa-
 and usually do not correspond closely
 If these two conditions do not tion potential depends on the scope of
 to Native American political territo-
apply, then the property will have to the applicable research design. For
 ries or cultural areas. Numerous sites,
be evaluated against other examples example, a Late Mississippian village
 however, may be of significance to a
of the property type to determine its site may yield information in a
 large region that might geographi-
eligibility. The geographic level research design concerning one
 settlement system on a regional scale, cally encompass parts of one, or
(local, State, or national) at which this usually several, States. Prehistoric
evaluation is made is the same as the while in another research design it
 resources that might be of State
level of the historic context. (See Part may reveal information of local
 significance include regional sites that
V: How to Evaluate a Property Within importance concerning a single
 group's stone tool manufacturing provide a diagnostic assemblage of
Its Historic Context.) artifacts for a particular cultural
 techniques or house forms. It is a
 question of how the available infor- group or time period or that provide
 mation potential is likely to be used. chronological control (specific dates
 or relative order in time) for a series
 of cultural groups.
 STATE HISTORIC
 CONTEXTS
 Properties are evaluated in a State
 context when they represent an aspect
 of the history of the State as a whole
 (or American Samoa, the District of
 Columbia, the Commonwealth of the
 Northern Mariana Islands, Guam,
 Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands).
 These properties do not necessarily
 have to belong to property types

 Page 62 9
NATIONAL HISTORIC Regulations, Title 36, Part 65 and are was fought in only a portion of the
CONTEXTS summarized in this bulletin in Part IX: United States, yet its impact was
 Summary of National Historic Land- nationwide. The site of a small
 marks Criteriafor Evaluation. military skirmish might be a locally
 Properties are evaluated in a
 A property with national signifi- significant representation of this
national context when they represent
 cance helps us understand the history national context, while the capture of
an aspect of the history of the United
 of the nation by illustrating the the State's largest city might be a
States and its territories as a whole.
 nationwide impact of events or statewide significant representation
These national historic contexts may
 persons associated with the property, of the national context.
have associated properties that are
 its architectural type or style, or When evaluating properties at the
locally or statewide significant
 information potential. It must be of national level for designation as a
representations, as well as those of
 exceptional value in representing or National Historic Landmark, please
national significance.
 illustrating an important theme in the refer to the National Historic Land-
 Properties designated as nationally
 history of the nation. marks outline, History and Prehistory
significant and listed in the National
 Nationally significant properties in the National Park System and the
Register are the prehistoric and
 do not necessarily have to belong to a National Historic Landmarks Program
historic units of the National Park
 property type found throughout the 1987. (For more information about
System and those properties that have
 entire country: they can be located in the National Historic Landmarks
been designated National Historic
 only a portion of the present political program, please write to the Depart-
Landmarks. The National Historic
 boundaries. It is their historic context ment of the Interior, National Park
Landmark criteria are the standards
 that must be important nationwide. Service, National Historic Land-
for nationally significant properties;
 For example, the American Civil War marks, 1849 C Street, NW, NC400,
they are found in the Code of Federal
 Washington, DC 20240.)




10 Page 63
VI. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE
TYPE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF A
PROPERTY
 After identifying the relevant NATIONAL REGISTER
INTRODUCTION historic context(s) with which the
 property is associated, the four
 CRITERIA FOR
 When evaluated within its historic Criteria are applied to the property. EVALUATION*
context, a property must be shown to Within the scope of the historic
be significant for one or more of the four context, the National Register Criteria The National Register Criteria
Criteria for Evaluation - A, B, C, or D define the kind of significance that the recognize different types of values
(listed earlier in Part II). The Criteria properties represent. embodied in districts, sites, buildings,
describe how properties are signifi- For example, within the context of structures, and objects. These values
cant for their association with impor- "19th Century Gunpowder Produc- fall into the following categories:
tant events or persons, for their tion in the Brandywine Valley," Associative value (Criteria A and
importance in design or construction, Criterion A would apply to those B): Properties significant for their
or for their information potential. properties associated with important association or linkage to events
 The basis for judging a property's events in the founding and develop- (Criterion A) or persons (Criterion B)
significance and, ultimately, its ment of the industry. Criterion B important in the past.
eligibility under the Criteria is historic would apply to tho~e properties Design or Construction value
context. The use of historic context associated with persons who are (Criterion C): Properties significant
allows a property to be properly significant in the founding of the as representatives of the manmade
evaluated in a nearlv infinite number industry or associated with important expression of culture or technology.
of capacities. For i~stance, Criterion inventions related to gunpowder Information value (Criterion D):
C: Design/Construction can accom- manufacturing. Criterion C would Properties significant for their ability
modate properties representing apply to those buildings, structures, to yield important information about
construction types that are unusual or or objects whose architectural form or prehistory or history.
widely practiced, that are innovative style reflect important design qualities
or traditional, that are "high style" or integral to the industry. And Crite- *For a complete listing of the Criteria for
vernacular, that are the work of a rion D would apply to properties that Evaluation, refer to PMt II of this bulletin.
famous architect or an unknown can convey information important in
master craftsman. The ke11to deternzin- our understanding of this industrial
ing whether the clwracteristics or associa- process. If a property qualifies under
tions of a particular property are signifi- more than one of the Criteria, its
cant is to consider the property within its significance under each should be
historic context. considered, if possible, in order to
 identify all aspects of its historical
 value.




 Page 64
 11
CRITERION A: EVENT
Properties can be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with events that have made a significant
contribution to the broad patterns of our history.



 EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES
UNDERSTANDING APPLYING ASSOCIATED WITH EVENTS
CRITERION A: CRITERION A: Propertiesassociatedwith specificevents:
 • The site of a battle.
EVENT EVENT • The building in which an important
 To be considered for listing under
 invention was developed.
 TYPES OF EVENTS
Criterion A, a property must be • A factory district where a significant
associated with one or more events A property can be associated with strike occurred.
important in the defined historic either (or both) of two types of events:
context. Criterion A recognizes • An archeologicalsite at which a ma-
properties associated with single jor new aspectof prehistory was dis-
 • A specific event marking an im- covered,such as the first evidenceof
events, such as the founding of a portant moment in American pre-
town, or with a pattern of events, man and extinct Pleistoceneanimals
 history or history and being contemporaneous.
repeated activities, or historic trends,
such as the gradual rise of a port city's • A pattern of events or a historic • A site where an important facet of
prominence in trade and commerce. trend that made a significant con- Europeanexplorationoccurred.
The event or trends, however, must tribution to the development of a
clearly be important within the community, a State, or the nation. Propertiesassociatedwith a pattern of
associated context: settlement, in the events:
 Refer to the sidebar on the right for
case of the town, or development of a a list of specific examples. • A trail associatedwith western mi-
maritime economy, in the case of the gration.
port city. Moreover, the property
must have an important association ASSOCIATION OF THE • A railroadstation that served as the
with the event or historic trends, and PROPERTY WITH THE focus of a community's transporta-
it must retain historic integrity. (See EVENTS tion system and commerce.
Part V: How to Evaluatea Property • A mill district reflectingthe impor-
Within its Historic Context.) The property you are evaluating tance of textile manufacturing dur-
 Several steps are involved in must be documented, through ac- ing a given period.
determining whether a property is cepted means of historical or archeo-
significant for its associative values: logical research (including oral • A building used by an important lo-
 history), to have existed at the time of cal socialorganization.
 • Determine the nature and origin the event or pattern of events and to • A site where prehistoricNative
 of the property, have been associated with those Americans annually gatheredfor
 • Identify the historic context with events. A property is not eligible if its seasonallyavailableresourcesand
 which it is associated, and associations are speculative. For for social interaction.
 archeological sites, well reasoned
 • Evaluate the property's history to inferences drawn from data recovered • A downtown district representinga
 determine whether it is associ- at the site can be used to establish the town's growth as the commercialfo-
 ated with the historic context in association between the site and the cus of the surrounding agricultural
 any important way. events. area.

 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
 ASSOCIATION
 Mere association with historic
 events or trends is not enough, in and
 of itself, to qualify under Criterion A:
 the property's specific association
 must be considered important as well.
 For example, a building historically in
 commercial use must be shown to
 have been significant in commercial
 history.
 Page 65
12
TRADITIONAL CULTURAL
VALUES
 Traditional cultural significance is
derived from the role a property plays
in a community's historically rooted
beliefs, customs, and practices.
Properties may have significance
under Criterion A if they are associ-
ated with events, or series of events,
significant to the cultural traditions of
a community. 5


  Eligible
 • A hilltop associated in oral his-
 torical accounts with the
 founding of an Indian tribe or
 society is eligible.
 • A rural community can be eli-
 gible whose organization,
 buildings, or patterns of
 land use reflect the cultural
 traditions valued by its long-
 term residents.
 • An urban neighborhood can Criterion A - The Old Brulay Plantation, Brownsvillevicinity, Cameroncounty,
 be eligible as the traditional Texas. Historicallysignificantfor its associationwith the developmentof agriculture
 home of a particular cultural
 group and as a reflection of its
 in southeast Texas, this complex of 10 brick buildings was constructedby GeorgeN.
 beliefs and practices. Brulay, a Frenchimmigrant who introducedcommercialsugar productionand
 irrigation to the Rio Grande Valley. (Photoby Texas HistoricalCommission).
  Not Eligible
 • A site viewed as sacred by a
 recently established utopian or
 religious community does not
 have traditional cultural value
 and is not eligible.




  5 For more information, refer to NationalRegisterBulletin: Guidelinesfor Evaluatingand DocumentingTraditionalCultural Properties.

 13
 Page 66
CRITERION B: PERSON
Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with the lives of persons significant in our
past.




UNDERSTANDING
CRITERION B:
PERSON 6
 Criterion B applies to properties
associated with individuals whose
specific contributions to history can
be identified and documented .
Persons "significant in our past"
refers to individuals whose activities
are demonstrably important within a
local, State, or national historic
context. The criterion is generally
restricted to those properties that
illustrate (rather than commemorate)
a person's important achievements.
(The policy regarding commemora-
tive properties, birthplaces, and
graves is explained further in Part
VIII: How to Apply the Criteria Consid-
erations.)
 Several steps are involved in
determining whether a property is
significant for its associative values Criterion B - The William Whitney House, Hinsdale, DuPageCounty, Illinois.
under Criterion B. First, determine
 This building is locallysignificant for its historicalassociationwith William Whitney,
the importance of the individual.
Second, ascertain the length and the founder of the town of Hinsdale, Illinois. Whitney, a citizen of New York State,
nature of his/her association with the moved to Illinois, establishedthe town, and while living here between1870 and 1879
property under study and identify the was a prominent localbusinessmanand politician. (Photoby FrederickC. Cue).
other properties associated with the
individual. Third, consider the
property under Criterion B, as
outlined below .

EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES
ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS
Propertiesassociatedwith a Significant
Person:

 • The home of an important merchant
 or laborleader.
 • The studio of a significant artist.
 • The business headquartersof an im-
 portant industrialist.




 • For further information on properties eligible under Criterion B, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evalr1ati11g
 and Dornmenting
PropertiesAssociatedwith Significant Persons.

14
 Page 67
APPLYING ASSOCIATION WITH THE ASSOCIATION WITH
 PROPERTY GROUPS
CRITERION B:
 Properties eligible under Criterion For properties associated with
PERSON B are usuallv those associated with a several community leaders or with a
 person's prdductive life, reflecting the prominent family, it is necessary to
 time period when he or she achieved identify specific individuals and to
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE significance. In some instances this explain their significant accomplish-
INDIVIDUAL may be the person's home; in other ments.
 cases, a person's business, office,
 The persons associated with the laboratory, or studio may best repre- Eligible
property must be individually signifi- sent his or her contribution. Proper-
cant within a historic context. A ties that pre- or post-date an • A residential district in which a
property is not eligible if its only individual's significant accomplish- large number of prominent or
justification for significance is that it ments are usually not eligible. (See influential merchants, profes-
was owned or used by a person who Comparison to Related Properties, below, sionals, civic leaders, politi-
is a member of an identifiable profes- cians, etc., lived will be eligible
 for exceptions to this rule.)
sion, class, or social or ethnic group. The individual's association with under Criterion B if the signifi-
It must be shown tha~ the person the property must be documented by cance of one or more specific
gained importance within his or her accepted methods of historical or individual residents is explic-
profession or group. archeological research, including itly justified.
 written or oral history. Speculative • A building that served as the
 associations are not acceptable. For seat of an important family is
 Eligible archeological sites, well reasoned eligible under Criterion B if the
 • The residence of a doctor, a inferences drawn from data recovered significant accomplishments of
 mayor, or a merchant is eli- at the site are acceptable. one or more individual family
 gible under Criterion B if the members is explicitly justified.
 person was significant in the COMP ARIS ON TO RELATED Not Eligible
 field of medicine, politics, or PROPERTIES
 commerce, respectively. • A residential district in which a
 Each property associated with an large number of influential per-
 Not Eligible sons lived is not eligible under
 important individual should be
 • A property is not eligible un- compared to other associated proper- Criterion B if the accomplish-
 der Criterion B if it is associ- ties to identify those that best repre- ments of a specific indivi-
 ated with an individual about sent the person's historic contribu- dual(s) cannot be documented.
 whom no scholarly judgement tions. The best representatives If the significance of the district
 can be made because either re- usually are properties associated with rests in the cumulative impor-
 search has not revealed spe- the person's adult or productive life. tance of prominent residents,
 cific information about the Properties associated with an however, then the district
 person's activities and their individual's formative or later years might still be eligible under
 impact, or there is insufficient may also qualify if it can be demon- Criterion A. Eligibility, in this
 perspective to determine strated that the person's activities case, would be based on the
 whether those activities or during this period were historically broad pattern of community
 contributions were historically significant or if no properties from the development, through which
 important. person's productive years survives. the neighborhood evolved into
 Length of association is an important the primary residential area for
 factor when assessing several proper- this class of citizens.
 ties with similar associations. • A building that served as the
 A community or State may contain seat of an important family will
 several properties eligible for associa- not be eligible under Criterion
 tions with the same important person, B if the significant accomplish-
 if each represents a different aspect of ments of individual family
 the person's productive life. A members cannot be docu-
 property can also be eligible if it has mented. In cases where a suc-
 brief but consequential associations cession of family members
 with an important individual. (Such have lived in a house and col-
 associations are often related to lectively have had a demon-
 specific events that occurred at the strably significant impact on
 property and, therefore, it may also be the community, as a family, the
 eligible under Criterion A.) house is more likely to be sig-
 nificant under Criterion A for
 association with a pattern of
 events.


 Page 68 15
ASSOCIATION WITH ASSOCIATION WITH NATIVE AMERICAN SITES
LIVING PERSONS ARCHITECTS/ ARTISANS
 The known major villages of
 Properties associated with living Architects, artisans, artists, and individual Native Americans who
persons are usually not eligible for engineers are often represented by were important during the contact
inclusion in the National Register. their works, which are eligible under period or later can qualify under
Sufficient time must have elapsed to Criterion C. Their homes and studios, Criterion B. As with all Criterion B
assess both the person's field of however, can be eligible for consider- properties, the individual associated
endeavor and his/her contribution to ation under Criterion B, because these with the property must have made
that field. Generally, the person's usually are the properties with which some specific important contribution
active participation in the endeavor they are most personally associated. to history. Examples include sites
must be finished for this historic significantly associated with Chief
perspective to emerge. (See Criteria Joseph and Geronimo.7
Considerations C and G in Part VII:
How to Apply the CriteriaConsider-
ations.)




 7 For more information, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Eualuati11gand Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties.

16 Page 69
CRITERIONC:
DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION
Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or
method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a
significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.


 defined within the context of Crite-
 rion C. Districts, however,can be con-
 sideredfor eligibility under all the Crite-
 ria, individually or in any combina-
 tion, as is appropriate. For this rea-
 son, the full discussion of districts is
 contained in Part IV: How to Define
 Categoriesof Historic Properties.
 Throughout the bulletin, however,
 districts are mentioned within the
 context of a specific subject, such as
 an individual Criterion.




Richland Plantation, East FelicianaParish,Louisiana. Propertiescan qualify under
CriterionC as examplesof high style architecture. Built in the 1830s, Richland is a
fine exampleof a Federalstyle residencewith a GreekRevival style portico. (Photoby
Dave Gleason).

 • Represent a significant and dis-
UNDERSTANDING tinguishable entity whose com-
 ponents may lack individual dis-
CRITERION C: tinction .
DESIGN/ The first requirement, that proper-
 ties "embody the distinctive charac-
CONSTRUCTION teristics of a type, period, or method
 of construction," refers to the way in
 This criterion applies to properties which a property was conceived,
significant for their physical design or designed, or fabricated by a people or
 culture in past periods of history. Grant Family House, Sacovicinity,
construction, including such elements York County, Maine. Properties
as architecture, landscape architec- "The work of a master" refers to the
ture, engineering, and artwork. To be technical or aesthetic achievements of possessinghigh artistic value meet
eligible under Criterion C, a property an architect or craftsman. "High CriterionC through the expressionof
must meet at least one of the following artistic values" concerns the expres- aestheticidealsor preferences. The Grant
requirements: sion of aesthetic ideals or preferences Family House, a modest Federalstyle
 and applies to aesthetic achievement. residence,is significant for its remarkably
 • Embody distinctive characteris- Resources "that represent a signifi- well-preservedstenciled wall decorative
 tics of a type, period, or method cant and distinguishable entity whose
 of construction. treatment in the entry hall and parlor.
 components may lack individual dis-
 Painted by an unknown artist ca. 1825,
 • Represent the work of a master . tinction" are called "districts." In the
 Criteria for Evaluation (as published this is a fine example of 19th century New
 • Possess high artistic value. in the Codeof FederalRegulationsand England regionalartistic expression.
 reprinted here in Part II), districts are (Photoby Kirk F. Mohney).

 17
 Page 70
EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES Distinctive Characteristics: "Dis- Type, Period, and Method of
ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGN/ tinctive characteristics" are the physi- Construction: "Type, period, or
CONSTRUCTION cal features or traits that commonly method of construction" refers to the
Propertiesassociatedwith design and recur in individual types, periods, or way certain properties are related to
construction: methods of construction. To be one another by cultural tradition or
 eligible, a property must clearly function, by dates of construction or
 • A house or commercialbuilding rep- contain enough of those characteristics style, or by choice or availability of
 resenting a significant style of archi- to be considered a true representative materials and technology.
 tecture. of a particular type, period, or method A structure is eligible as a speci-
 • A designed park or garden associated of construction. men of its type or period of construc-
 with a particular landscapedesign Characteristics can be expressed in tion if it is an important example
 philosophy. terms such as form, proportion, struc- (within its context) of building
 ture, plan, style, or materials. They practices of a particular time in
 • A 111ovie theater embodying high ar- can be general, referring to ideas of history. For properties that represent
 tistic value in its decorativefeatures. design and construction such as basic the variation, evolution, or transition
 plan or form, or they can be specific, of construction types, it must be
 • A bridge or dam representing techno-
 referring to precise ways of combining demonstrated that the variation, etc.,
 logicaladvances.
 particular kinds of materials. was an important phase of the archi-
 tectural development of the area or
 community in that it had an impact as
APPLYING Eligible
 evidenced by later buildings. A
 • A building eligible under the property is not eligible, however,
CRITERION C: theme of Gothic Revival archi- simply because it has been identified
 tecture must have the distinc- as the only such property ever fabri-
DESIGN/ tive characteristics that make cated; it must be demonstrated to be
 up the vertical and picturesque significant as well.
CONSTRUCTION qualities of the style, such as
 pointed gables, steep roof
DISTINCTIVE pitch, board and batten siding, Eligible
 and ornamental bargeboard
CHARACTERISTICS OF and veranda trim. • A building that has some char-
TYPE, PERIOD, AND acteristics of the Romanesque
 • A late Mississippian village Revival style and some charac-
METHOD OF that illustrates the important teristics of the Commercial
CONSTRUCTION concepts in prehistoric style can qualify if it illustrates
 community design and plan- the transition of architectural
 This is the portion of Criterion C ning will qualify. design and the transition itself
under which most properties are • A designed historic landscape is considered an important ar-
eligible, for it encompasses all archi- will qualify if it reflects a his- chitectural development.
tectural styles and construction toric trend or school of theory
practices. To be eligible under this • A Hopewellian mound, if it is
 and practice, such as the City an important example of
portion of the Criterion, a property Beautiful Movement, evidenc-
must clearly illustrate, through mound building construction
 ingdistinguished design, lay- techniques, would qualify as a
"distinctive characteristics," the out, and the work of skilled
following: method or type of construc-
 era ftsmanshi p. tion.
 • The pattern of features common Not Eligible
 to a particular class of resources, • A building which illustrates
 • A commercial building with the early or the developing
 • The individuality or variation of some Art Deco detailing is not technology of particular
 features that occurs within the eligible under Criterion C if the structural systems, such as
 class, detailing was added merely as skeletal steel framing, is eli-
 an afterthought, rather than gible as an example of a
 • The evolution of that class, or
 fully integrated with overall particular method of construc-
 • The transition between classes of lines and massing typical of the tion.
 resources. Art Deco style or the transition
 between that and another style.
 • A designed landscape that has
 had major changes to its his-
 toric design, vegetation, origi-
 nal boundary, topography/
 grading, architectural features,
 and circulation system will not
 qualify.



18 Page 71
 HISTORIC ADAPTATION OF
 THE ORIGINAL PROPERTY
 A property can be significant not
 only for the way it was originally
 constructed or crafted, but also for the
 way it was adapted at a later period,
 or for the way it illustrates changing
 tastes, attitudes, and uses over a
 period of time.
 A district is eligible under this
 guideline if it illustrates the evolution
 of historic character of a place over a
 particular span of time.

 Eligible
 • A Native American irrigation
 system modified for use by
 Europeans could be eligible if
 it illustrates the technology of
 either or both periods of con-
 struction.
 • An early 19th century farm-
Swan Falls Dam and Power Plant, Murphy vicinity, Ada County, Idaho. house modified in the 1880s
Significant works of engineering can qualify under Criterion C. Built between 1900- with Queen Anne style orna-
1907 the Swan Falls Dam and Power Plant across the Snake River is one of the early mentation could be significant
hydroelectric plants in the State of Idaho. (Photo by H.L. Hough). for the modification itself, if it
 represented a local variation
 or significant trend in building
 construction or remodelling,
 was the work of a local master
 (see Works of a Master on page
 20), or reflected the tastes of an
 important person associated
 with the property at the time·
 of its alteration.
 • A district encompassing the
 commercial development of a
 town between 1820 and 1910,
 characterized by buildings of
 various styles and eras, can be
 eligible.




Looney House, Asheville vicinity, St. Clair County, Alabama. Examples of
vernacular styles of architecture can qualify under Criterion C. Built ca. 1818, the
Looney House is significant as possibly the State's oldest extant two-story dogtrot type
of dwelling. The defining open center passage of the dogtrot was a regional building
response to the southern climate. (Photo by Carolyn Scott).




 Page 72 19
WORKS OF A MASTER PROPERTIES POSSESSING A Significant and Distinguishable
 HIGH ARTISTIC VALUES Entity Whose Components May Lack
 A master is a figure of generally Individual Distinction. This portion
recognized greatness in a field, a of Criterion C refers to districts. For
 High artistic values may be ex- detailed information on districts, refer
known craftsman of consummate pressed in many ways, inch~ding .
skill, or an anonymous craftsman to Part IV of this bulletin.
 areas as diverse as community design
whose work is distinguishable from or planning, engineering, and sculp-
others by its characteristic style and ture. A property is eligible for its
quality. The property must express a high artistic values if it so fully
particular phase in the development articulates a particular concept of
of the master's career, an aspect of his design that it expresses an aesthetic
or her work, or a particular idea or ideal. A property is not eligible,
theme in his or her craft. however, if it does not express
 A property is not eligible as the aesthetic ideals or design concepts
work of a master, however, simply more fully than other properties of its
because it was designed by a promi- type.
nent architect. For example, not every
building designed by Fran~ Lloy?
Wright is eligible under ~his portion Eligible
of Criterion C, although 1t might meet
other portions of the Criterion, for • A sculpture in a town square
instance as a representative of the that epitomizes the design
Prairie style. principles of the Art Deco style
 The work of an unidentified is eligible.
craftsman is eligible if it rises above • A building that is a classic ex-
the level of workmanship of the other pression of the design theories
properties encompassed by the of the Craftsman Style, such as
historic context. carefully detailed handwork,
 is eligible.
 • A landscaped park that syn-
 thesizes early 20th century
 principles of landscape archi-
 tecture and expresses an aes-
 thetic ideal of environment can
 be eligible.
 • Properties that are important_
 representatives of the aesthetic
 values of a cultural group,
 such as petroglyphs and
 ground drawings by Native
 Americans, are eligible.
 Not Eligible
 • A sculpture in a town square
 that is a typical example of
 sculpture design during its pe-
 riod would not qualify for
 high artistic value, although_ it
 might be eligible if it were sig-
 nificant for other reasons.
 • A building that is a modest ex-
 ample (within its historic con-
 text) of the Craftsman Style of
 architecture, or a landscaped
 park that is characteristic of
 turn of the century landscape
 design would not qualify for
 high artistic value.




 Page 73
20
CRITERION D: INFORMATION
POTENTIAL
Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information im-
portant in prehistory or history.




UNDERSTANDING data gaps or alternative theories that BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES,
 challenge existing ones or 2) priority AND OBJECTS
 areas identified under a State or
CRITERION D: Federal agency management plan.
 While most often applied to
INFORMATION archeological districts and sites,

POTENTIAL APPLYING Criterion D can also apply to build-
 ings, structures, and objects that
 CRITERION D: contain important information. In
 Certain important research ques- order for these types of properties to
tions about human history can only be INFORMATION be eligible under Criterion D, they
answered by the actual physical themselves must be, or must have
material of cultural resources. Crite- POTENTIAL been, the principal source of the
rion D encompasses the properties important information.
that have the potential to answer, in ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES
whole or in part, those types of Eligible
research questions. The most com- Criterion D most commonly
mon type of property nominated • A building exhibiting a local
 applies to properties that contain or
under this Criterion is the archeologi- variation on a standard design
 are likely to contain information
cal si le (or a district comprised of or construction technique can
 bearing on an important archeological
archeological sites). Buildings, be eligible if study could yield
 research question. The property must
objects, and structures (or districts important information, such as
 have characteristics suggesting the
comprised of these property types), how local availability of mate-
 likelihood that it possesses configura-
however, can also be eligible for their rials or construction expertise
 tions of artifacts, soil strata, structural
information potential. affected the evolution of local
 remains, or other natural or cultural
 Criterion D has two requirements, building development.
 features that make it possible to do
which must both be met for a property the following: Not Eligible
to qualify:
 • Test a hypothesis or hypotheses • The ruins of a hacienda once
 • The property must have, or have
 about events, groups, or pro- contained murals that have
 had, information to contribute to
 cesses in the past that bear on im- since been destroyed. Histori-
 our understanding of human his-
 portant research questions in the cal documentatio~, however,
 tory or prehistory, and
 social or natural sciences or the indicates that the murals were
 • The information must be consid- humanities; or significant for their highly un-
 ered important. usual design. The ruins can
 • Corroborate or amplify currently not be eligible under Criterion
 Under the first of these require- available information suggesting D for the importance of the de-
ments, a property is eligible if it has that a hypothesis is either true or stroyed murals if the informa-
been used as a source of data and false; or tion is contained only in the
contains more, as yet unretrieved documentation.
data. A property is also eligible if it • Reconstruct the sequence of ar-
has not yet yielded information but, cheological cultures for the pur-
through testing or research, is deter- pose of identifying and explain-
mined a likely source of data. ing continuities and discontinu-
 Under the second requirement, the ities in the archeological record
information must be carefully evalu- for a particular area.
ated within an appropriate context to
determine its importance. Informa-
tion is considered "important" when
it is shown to have a significant
bearing on a research design that
addresses such areas as: I) current

 Page 74 21
 property. Research questions can be
 related to property-specific issues, to
 broader questions about a large
 geographic area, or to theoretical
 issues independent of any particular
 geographic location. These questions
 may be derived from the academic
 community or from preservation
 programs at the local, regional, State,
 or national level. Research questions
 are usually developed as part of a
 "research design," which specifies not
 only the questions to be asked, but
 also the types of data needed to
 supply the answers, and often the
 techniques needed to recover the data .


Criterion D - Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site, Omahavicinity, Douglas Eligible
County, Nebraska. This archeological site, datingfrom ca. 1100-1450A.D., consistsof • When a site consisting of a vil-
pit housesand storagepits whichhavethe potentialto yield importantinformation lage occupation with midden
concerningthe subsistencepatterns,religiousand mortuarypractices,and social deposits, hearths, ceramics,
organizationof the prehistoricresidentsof easternNebraska. (NebraskaState and stratified evidence of sev-
HistoricalSociety) eral occupations is being
 evaluated, three possible re-
 search topics could be: 1) the
ASSOCIATION WITH ESTABLISHING A HISTORIC question of whether the site
HUMAN ACTIVITY CONTEXT occupants were indigenous to
 the area prior to the time of oc-
 A property must be associated with The information that a property cupation or recent arrivals, 2)
human activity and be critical for yields, or will yield, must be evalu- the investigation of the settle-
understanding a site's historic environ- ated within an appropriate historic ment-subsistence pattern of
ment in order to be eligible under context. This will entail consulting the occupants, 3) the question
Criterion D. A property can be linked the body of information already of whether the region was a
to human activity through events, collected from similar properties or center for the domestication of
processes, institutions, design, con- other pertinent sources, including plants . Specific questions
struction, settlement, migration, ideals, modern and historic written records. could include: A) Do the de-
beliefs, lifeways, and other facets of the The researcher must be able to posits show a sequential de-
development or maintenance of anticipate if and how the potential velopment or sudden intro-
cultural systems. information will affect the definition duction of Ceramic Type X?
 The natural environment associated of the context . The information likely B) Do the dates of the occupa-
with the properties was often very to be obtained from a particular tions fit our expectations based
different from that of the present and property must confirm, refute, or on the current model for the
strongly influenced cultural develop- supplement in an important way reoccupation behavior of
ment. Aspects of the environment that existing information. slash-and-burn agricultural-
are pertinent to human activities A property is not eligible if it ists? C) Can any genetic
should be considered when evaluating cannot be related to a particular time changes in the food plant re-
properties under Criterion D. period or cultural group and, as a mains be detected?
 Natural features and paleontological result, lacks any historic context Not Eligible
(floral and faunal) sites are not usually within which to evaluate the impor-
eligible under Criterion D in and of tance of the information to be gained. • A property is not eligible if so
themselves. They can be eligible, little can be understood about
however, if they are either directly DEVELOPING RESEARCH it that it is not possible to de-
related to human activity or critical to termine if specific important
understanding a site's historic environ- QUESTIONS research questions can be an-
ment. In a few cases, a natural feature swered by data contained in
or site unmarked by cultural materials, Having established the importance the property.
that is primarily eligible under Crite- of the information that may be
rion A, may also be eligible under recovered, it is necessary to be explicit
Criterion D, if study of the feature, or in demonstrating the connection
its location, setting, etc. (usually in the between the important information
context of data gained from other and a specific property. One ap-
sources), will yield important informa- proach is to determine if specific
tion about the event or period with important research questions can be
which it is associated. answered by the data contained in the

22
 Page 75
ESTABLISHING THE INTEGRITY PARTLY EXCAVATED OR
PRESENCE OF ADEQUATE DISTURBED PROPERTIES
 The assessment of integrity for
DATA properties considered for informati_on The current existence of appropri-
 potential depends on the data reqmre- ate physical remains must be ascer-
 To support the assertion that a ments of the applicable research
property has the data 1:ecessary_ to tained in considering a property's
 design. A property possessing ability to yield important information.
provide the important 1~form~hon, information potential does not need to
the property should be mveshgate~ Properties that have been partly
 recall visually an event, person, excavated or otherwise disturbed and
with techniques sufficient to estabhsh process, or constructi~n t~~hnique. It
the presence of relevant data c~tego- that are being considered for their
 is important that the s1gmficant_ data potential to yield additional impor-
ries. What constitutes appropriate contained in the property remam
investigation techniques would tant information must be shown to
 sufficiently intact to yield the ex- retain that potential in their remaining
depend upon specific circumstances pected important inforf1:ation, if the
including the property's location, portions.
 appropriate study techmques are
condition, and the research questions employed.
being addressed, and could range
from surface survey (or photographic Eligible
survey for buildings), to the applica- Eligible • A site that has been partially
tion of remote sensing techniques or excavated but still retains sub-
intensive subsurface testing. Justifica- • An irrigation system signifi- stantial intact deposits (or a
tion of the research potential of a cant for the information it will site in which the remaining de-
property may be based on anal~gy to yield on early engineering posits are small but contain
another better known property 1f practices can still be eligible critical information on a topic
sufficient similarities exist to establish even though it is now filled in that is not well known) is eli-
the appropriateness of the analogy. and no longer retains the ap- gible.
 pearance of an open canal.
 Not Eligible
 Not Eligible
 Eligible • A totally collected surface site
 • A plowed archeological site or a completely excavated bur-
 • Data requirements depend on contains several superimposed
 the specific research topics and ied site is not eligible since the
 components that have been physical remains capable of
 questions to be addressed. To
 mixed to the extent that arti- yielding important informa-
 continue the example in "De-
 fact assemblages cannot be re- tion no longer exist at the site.
 veloping Research Questions"
 constructed. The site cannot (See Completely Excavated Sites,
 above, we might want to ascer-
 be eligible if the data require- on page 24, for exception.)
 tain the following with refer-
 ments of the research design Likewise, a site that has been
 ence to questions A, B, and C:
 call for the study of artifacts looted or otherwise disturbed
 A) The site contains Ceramic
 specific to one component. to the extent that the remain-
 Type X in one or more occupa-
 tion levels and we expect to be ing cultural materials have lost
 able to document the local their important depositional
 evaluation of the type or its in- context (horizontal or vertical
 trusive nature. B) The hearths location of deposits) is not eli-
 contain datable carbon deposits gible.
 and are associated with more • A reconstructed mound or
 than one occupation. C) The other reconstructed site will
 midden deposits show good generally not be considered
 floral/ fauna! preservation, and eligible, because original cul-
 we know enough about the tural materials or context or
 physical evolution of food both have been lost.
 plants to interpret signs that
 suggest domestication.
 Not Eligible
 • Generally, if the applicable re-
 search design requires clearly
 stratified deposits, then subsur-
 face investigation techniques
 must be applied. A site com-
 posed only of surface materials
 can not be eligible for its poten-
 tial to yield information that
 could only be found in strati-
 fied deposits.

 Page 76 23
COMPLETELY EXCAVATED
SITES

 Properties that have yielded
important information in the past and
that no longer retain additional
research potential (such as completely
excavated archeological sites) must be
assessed essentially as historic sites
under Criterion A. Such sites must be
significant for associative values
related to: 1) the importance of the
data gained or 2) the impact of the
property's role in the history of the
development of anthropology/
archeology or other relevant disci-
plines. Like other historic properties,
the site must retain the ability to
convey its association as the former
repository of important information,
the location of historic events, or the
representative of important trends.


 Eligible
 • A property that has been exca-
 vated is eligible if the data re-
 covered was of such impor-
 tance that it influenced the di-
 rection of research in the disci-
 pline, as in a site that clearly
 established the antiquity of the
 human occupation of the New
 World. (See Criterion A in
 Part VI: How to Identify the
 Type of Significanceof a Property
 and Criteria Consideration G
 in Part VII: How to Apply the
 Criteria Considerations.)
 Not Eligible
 • A totally excavated site that at
 one time yielded important in-
 formation but that no longer
 can convey either its historic/
 prehistoric utilization or sig-
 nificant modern investigation
 is not eligible.




 Page 77
24
VII. HOW TO APPLY THE
CRITERIA CONSIDERATIONS
 the property is of a type that is b. a building or structure removed
INTRODUCTION usually excluded from the Na- from its original location but
 tional Register. The sections that which is significant primarily for
 Certain kinds of properties are not follow also list specific examples architectural value, or which is
usually considered for listing in the of properties of each type. If the surviving structure most im-
National Register: religious proper- your property clearly does not fit portantly associated with a his-
ties, moved properties, birthplaces one of these types, then it does toric person or event; or
and graves, cemeteries, reconstructed not need to meet any special re-
 c. a birthplace or grave of a histori-
properties, commemorative proper- quirements.
 cal figure of outstanding impor-
ties, and properties achieving signifi-
 • If your property does fit one of tance if there is no appropriate
cance within the past fifty years.
 these types, then it must meet the site or building directly associ-
These properties can be eligible for
 special requirements stipulated ated with his or her productive
listing, however, if they meet special
 for that type in the Criteria Con- life; or
requirements, called Criteria Consid-
erations, in addition to meeting the siderations.
 d. a cemetery which derives its pri-
regular requirements (that is, being mary significance from graves of
eligible under one or more of the four CRITERIA persons of transcendent impor-
Criteria and possessing integrity). tance, from age, from distinctive
Part VII provides guidelines for CONSIDERATIONS* design features, from association
determining which properties must with historic events; or
meet these special requirements and Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces,
for applying each Criteria Consider- or graves of historical figures, proper- e. a reconstructed building when
ation. ties owned by religious institutions or accurately executed in a suitable
 The Criteria Considerations need to used for religious purposes, structures environment and presented in a
be applied only to individual proper- that have been moved from their dignified manner as part of a res-
ties. Components of eligible districts original locations, reconstructed toration master plan, and when
do not have to meet the special historic buildings, properties prima- no other building or structure
requirements unless they make up the rily commemorative in nature, and with the same association has
majority of the district or are the focal properties that have achieved signifi- survived; or
point of the district. These are the cance within the past fifty years shall
 f. a property primarily commemo-
general steps to follow when applying not be considered eligible for the
 rative in intent if design, age, tra-
the Criteria Considerations to your National Register. However, such
 dition, or symbolic value has in-
property: properties will qualify if they are vested it with its own exceptional
 integral parts of districts that do meet significance; or,
 • Before looking at the Criteria the criteria or if they fall within the
 Considerations, make sure your following categories: g. a property achieving significance
 property meets one or more of within the past 50 years if it is of
 a. a religious property deriving pri-
 the four Criteria for Evaluation exceptional importance.
 mary significance from architec-
 and possesses integrity. tural or artistic distinction or his-
 • If it does, check the Criteria Con- torical importance; or *The Criteria Considerations are taken from
 siderations (next column) to see if the Criteria for Evaluation, found in the Code of
 FederalReg11latious,Title 36, Part 60.




 Page 78 25
CRITERIA CONSIDERATION A:
RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES
A religious property is eligible if it derives its primary significzince from architectural or artistic distinction or historiczil
importzince.



 Examples of Properties that MUST
UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Co11sidemtion A: Reli- APPLYING
 gious Properties
CRITERIA CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION • A historic church where r.11 impor- CONSIDERATION
 e,1e11toccurred,
 tant 11011-rcligio11s
A: RELIGIOUS such as a spccclz/Jy Patrick Henry. A: RELIGIOUS
PROPERTIES • A historic synagogue that is sig11ifi-
 ca11tfor architecture.
 PROPERTIES
 A religious property requires • A pri'rntc residence is the site of a
justification on architectural, artistic, 111ecti11g
 important to religious lzis- ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC
or historic grounds to avoid any tory. EVENTS
appearance of judgment by govern- • A co111111ercial
 block that is rnrrentlt;
ment about the validity of ziny reli- owned as a11i11vest111e11t property b:\j
gion or belief. Historic significance A religious property can be eligible
 a religious i11stitutio11. under Criterion A for any of three rea-
for a religious property cannot be
established on the merits of a reli- • A historic district i11wlziclzrcligio11 sons:
gious doctrine, but rather, for archi- was eitlzera predo111ina11t or signifi- • It is significant under a theme in
tectural or artistic values or for cant fu11ctio11duri11gthe period of the history of religion having
important historic or cultural forces sig11ifica11cc. secular scholarly recognition; or
that the property represents. A Example of Properties that DO NOT
religious property's significance • It is significant under another his-
 Need to Meet Criteria Consideration torical theme, such as explora-
under Criterion A, B, C, or D must be A: Religious Properties
judged in purely secular terms. A tion, settlement, social philan-
religious group may, in some cases, thropy, or education; or
 • A residential or commercial district
be considered a cultural group whose that rnrrently co11tai11s a smal/ 11111 • It is significantlyassociated with
activities are significant in areas ber of clrnrclzesthat are not a pre- traditional cultural values.
broader than religious history. do111ina11tfeature of the district.
 Criteria Consideration for Reli- • A town meeting hall that serves as
gious Properties applies: the center of comm1111ity activity and
 houses a wide variety of public
 • If the resource was constructed and priuate meetings, including reli-
 by a religious institution. gio11sservice. The resource is sig-
 nificant for architecture and politics,
 • If the resource is presently and the religious f1111ctionis inciden-
 owned by a religious institution tal.
 or is used for religious purposes.
 • A town hall, significant for politics
 • If the resource was owned by a from 1875 to 1925, that housed
 religious institution or used for religious services during the 1950s.
 religious purposes during its Pe- Since the religio11sfunction occurred
 riod of Significance. after the Period of Significance, the
 • If Religion is selected as an Area Criteria Consideration does not ap-
 of Significance. ply.




26 Page 79
RELIGIOUS HISTORY TRADITIONAL CULTURAL ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC
 VALUES PERSONS
 A religious property can be eligible
if it is directly associated with either a When evaluating properties A religious property can be eligible
specific event or a broad pattern in the associated with traditional cultures, it for association with a person impor-
history of religion. is important to recognize that often tant in religious history, if that
 these cultures do not make clear significance has scholarly, secular
 Eligible distinctions between what is secular recognition or is important in other
 and what is sacred. Criteria Consider- historic contexts. Individuals who
 • The site of a convention at ation A is not intended to exclude would likely be considered significant
 which a significant denomina- traditional cultural resources merely are those who formed or significantly
 tional split occurred meets the because they have religious uses or influenced an important religious
 requirements of Criteria Con- are considered sacred. A property or institution or movement, or who were
 sideration A. Also eligible is a natural feature important to a tradi- important in the social, economic, or
 property that illustrates the tional culture's religion and mythol- political history of the area. Proper-
 broad impact of a religious in- ogy is eligible if its importance has ties associated with individuals
 stitution on the history of a lo- been ethnohistorically documented important only within the context of a
 cal area. and if the site can be clearly defined. single congregation and lacking
 Not Eligible It is critical, however, that the activi- importance in any other historic
 ties be documented and that the context would not be eligible under
 • A religious property cannot be associations not be so diffuse that the Criterion B.
 eligible simply because was physical resource cannot be ad-
 the place of religious services equately defined. 8
 for a community, or was the Eligible
 oldest structure used by a reli-
 gious group in a local area. Eligible • A religious property strongly
 associated with a religious
 • A specific location or natural leader, such as George
 feature that an Indian tribe be- Whitefield or Joseph Smith, is
OTHER HISTORICAL lieves to be its place of origin eligible.
THEMES and that is adequately docu-
 mented qualifies under Crite-
 ria Consideration A.
 A religious property can be eligible
if it is directly associated with either a
specific event or a broad pattern that
is significant in another historic
context. A religious property would
also qualify if it were significant for
its associations that illustrate the
importance of a particular religious
group in the social, cultural, eco-
nomic, or political history of the area.
Eligibility depends on the importance
of the event or broad pattern and the
role of the specific property.


  Eligible
 • A religious property can
 qualify for its important role
 as a temporary hospital during
 the Revolutionary War, or if its
 school was significant in the
 history of education in the
 community.
  Not Eligible
 • A religious property is not sig-
 nificant in the history of edu-
 cation in a community simply
 because it had occasionally
 served as a school. 8 For more information  on applying Criteria Consideration A to traditional cultural properties,
 refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural
 Properties.


 Page 80 27
ELIGIBILITY FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR ABILITY TO REFLECT
ARCHITECTURAL OR INFORMATION POTENTIAL HISTORIC ASSOCIATIONS
ARTISTIC DISTINCTION
 A religious property, whether a As with all eligible properties,
 A religious property significant for district, site, building, structure, or religious properties must physically
its architectural design or construc- object, is eligible if it can yield impor- represent the period of time for which
tion should be evaluated as are other tant information about the religious th ey are significance . For instance, a
properties under Criterion C; that is, practices of a cultural group or other recent building that houses an older
it should be evaluated within an historic themes . This kind of property congregation cannot qualify based on
established architectural context and, should be evaluated as are other the historic activit ies of the group
if necessary, compared to other properties under Criterion D, in because the current building does not
properties of its type, period, or relation to similar properties, other convey the earlier history. Likewi se,
method of construction. (See "Com- information sources, and existing data an older building that housed the
paring Related Properties" in Part V: gaps. historic activities of the congregation
How to Evaluatea Property Within Its is eligible if it still physically repre-
Historic Context.) sents the period of the congregation's
 Eligible significance. However, if an older
 building has been remodeled to the
 • A 19th century camp meeting
 Eligible extent that its appearance dates from
 site that could provide infor-
 the time of the remodeling, it can only
 • A historic camp meeting dis- mation about the length and
 be eligible if the period of significance
 trict that meets the require- intensity of site use during re-
 corresponds with the period of the
 ments of Criterion C for its sig- vivals of the Second Great
 alterations .
 nificance as a type of construc- Awakening is eligible.
 tion is eligible. • Rock cairns or medicine
 wheels that had a historic reli- Eligible
 gious mythological function • A church built in the 18th cen-
 and can provide information
 tury and altered beyond recog-
 about specific cultural beliefs
 nition in the 19th century is
 are eligible. eligible only if the additions
 are important in themselves as
 an example of late 19th cen-
 tury architecture or as a reflec-
 tion of an important period of
 the congregation 's growth.
 Not Eligible
 • A synagogue built in the 1920s
 cannot be eligible for the im-
 portant activities of its congre-
 gation in the 18th and 19th
 centuries. It can only be eli-
 gible for significance obtained
 after its construction date .
 • A rural 19th century frame
 church recently sheathed in
 brick is not eligible because it
 has lost its characteristic ap-
 pearance and therefore can no
 longer convey its 19th century
 significance, either for archi-
 tectural value or historic asso-
 ciation .

Criteria Consideration A - Religious Properties. A religiouspropertycan qualify
as an exceptionto the Criteriaif it is architecturallysignificant. The Church of the
Navity in Rosedale,IbervilleParish,Louisiana,qualifiedas a rareexamplein the State
of a 19th century smallframe GothicRevival style chapel. (RobertObier)




28
 Page 81
CRITERIA CONSIDERATION B:
MOVED PROPERTIES
A property removed from its original or historically significant location can be eligible if it is significant primarily
for architectural value or it is the surviving property most importantly associated with a historic person or event.



 Examples of Properties that MUST
UNDERSTANDING APPLYING Meet Criteria Consideration B:
 Moved Properties
CRITERIA CRITERIA
 • A resourcemouedfrom one location
CONSIDERATION CONSIDERATION 011 its original site to mzotlzcr loca-
 tion on tlzeproperty, during or after
B:MOVED B: MOVED its Period of Significance.
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES • A district in wlziclza significant
 number of resourceslzauebeen
 moved from their original location.
 The National Register criteria limit ELIGIBILITY FOR
the consideration of moved properties • A district wlziclzhas one moved
because significance is embodied in ARCHITECTURAL VALUE building that makes an especially
locations and settings as well as in the significant contribution to the dis-
properties themselves. Moving a A moved property significant trict.
property destroys the relationships under Criterion C must retain enough
 historic features to convey its architec- • A portable resource,such as a slzip or
between the property and its sur-
 tural values and retain integrity of railroadcar, tlzat is relocatedto a
roundings and destroys associations
 design, materials, workmanship, place incompatible with its original
with historic events and persons. A
 feeling, and association. function.
move may also cause the loss of
historic features such as landscaping, • A portable resource,such as a slzip or
foundations, and chimneys, as well as railroadcar, whose importance is
loss of the potential for a~sociated critically linked to its historic loca-
archeological deposits. Properties tion or route and that is moved.
that were moved before their period of
significance do not need to meet the Examples of Properties that DO NOT
special requirements of Criteria Need to Meet Criteria Consideration
Consideration B. B: Moved Properties
 One of the basic purposes of the • A property that is moved prior to its
National Register is to encourage the Period of Significance.
preservation of historic properties as
living parts of their communities. In • A district in which only a small per-
keeping with this purpose, it is not centage of typical buildings in a dis-
usual to list artificial groupings of trict are moved.
buildings that have been created for • A moved building that is part of a
purposes of interpretation, protection, complex but is of less significance
or maintenance. Moving buildings to than the remaining (unmoved)
such a grouping destroys the integrity buildings.
of location and setting, and can create
a false sense of historic development. • A portable resource,such as a ship or
 railroadcar, that is eligible under
 Criterion C and is moved within its
 natural setting (water, rails, etc.).
 • A property that is raised or lowered
 on its foundations.




 Page 82
 29
ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC SETTING AND ASSOCIATION DEPENDENT
AS SOCIA TIO NS ENVIRONMENT ON THE SITE
 A moved property significant In addition to the requirements For a property whose design values
under Criteria A or B must be demon- above, moved properties must still or historical associations are directly
strated to be the surviving property have an orientation, setting, and dependent on its location, any mov~
most importantly associated with a general environment that are compa- will cause the property to lose its
particular historic event or an impor- rable to those of the historic location integrity and prevent it from convey-
tant aspect of a historic person's life. and that are compatible with the ing its significance.
The phrase "most importantly associ- property's significance.
ated" means that it must be the single
surviving property that is most Eligible
closely associated with the event or Eligible
 • A farm structure significant
with the part of the person's life for
 • A property significant as an only as an example of·a
which he or she is significant.
 example of mid-19th century method of construction pecu-
 rural house type can be eli- liar to the local area is still eli-
 gible after a move, provided gible if it is moved within that
 Eligible
 that it is placed on a lot that is local area and the new setting
 • A moved building occupied by sufficient in size and character is similar to that of the original
 an business woman during the to recall the basic qualities of location.
 majority of her productive ca- the historic environment and
 Not Eligible
 reer would be eligible if the setting, and provided that the
 other extant properties are a building is sited appropriately • A 19th century rural residence
 house she briefly inhabited in relation to natural and that was designed around par-
 prior to her per(od of signifi- manm.ade surroundings. ticular topographicfeatures,
 cance and a commercial build- reflecting that time period's
 Not Eligible
 ing she owned after her retire- ideals of environment, is not
 ment. • A rural house that is moved eligible if moved.
 into an urban area and a
 Not Eligible
 bridge that is no longer situ-
 • A moved building associated ated over a waterway are not
 with the beginning of rail eligible.
 transportation in a community
 is not eligible if the original
 railroad station and ware-
 house remained intact on their
 original sites.




 Page 83
30
PROPERTIES DESIGNED TO ARTIFICIALLY CREATED PORTIONS OF PROPERTIES
BE MOVED GROUPINGS
 A moved portion of a building,
 A property designed to move or a An artificially created grouping of structure, or object is not eligible
property frequently moved during its buildings, structures, or objects is not because, as a fragment of a larger
historic use must be located in a eligible unless it has achieved signifi- resource, it has lost integrity of
historically appropriate setting in cance since the time of its assemblage. design setting, materials, workman-
 1


order to qualify, retaining its integrity It cannot be considered as a reflection ship, and location.
of setting, design, feeling, and associa- of the time period when the indi-
tion. Such properties include ,rntomo- vidual buildings were constructed.
biles, railroad cars and engines, and
ships.
 Eligible

  Eligible • A grouping of moved historic
 buildings whose creation
 • A ship docked in a harbor, a marked the beginning of a ma-
 locomotive on tracks or in a jor concern with past lifestyles
 railyard, and a bridge relo- can qualify as an early attempt
 cated from one body of water at historic preservation and as
 to another are eligible. an illustration of that genera-
 tion's values.
 Not Eligible
 Not Eligible
 • A ship on land in a park, a
 bridge placed in a pasture, or a • A rural district composed of a
 locomotive displayed in an in- farmhouse on its original site
 door museum are not eligible. and a grouping of historic
 barns recently moved onto the
 property is not eligible.




 Page 84 31
CRITERIA CONSIDERATION C:
BIRTHPLACES OR GRAVES
A birthplace or grave of a historical figure is eligible if the person is of outstanding importance and if there is no
other appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life.




UNDERSTANDING APPLYING LAST SURVIVING
 PROPERTY ASSOCIATED
CRITERIA CRITERIA WITH A PERSON
CONSIDERATION CONSIDERATION When an geographical areil
 strongly associated with a person of
C: BIRTHPLACES C: BIRTHPLACES outstanding importance has lost all
 other properties directly associated
AND GRAVES AND GRAVES with his or her formative years or
 productive life, a birthplace or grave
 Birthplaces and grilves often ilttilin PERSONS OF may be eligible.
importance ilS reflections of the origins OUTSTANDING
of importilnt persons or ilS lasting
memorials to them. The lives of IMPORTANCE
persons significant in our past nor-
mally are recognized by the National The phrase "a historical figure of
Register through listing of properties outstanding importance" means that
illustrative of or associilted with that in order for a birthplace or grave lo
person's productive life's work. qualify, it cannot be simply the
Birthplaces and graves, as properties birthplace or grave of a person
that represent the beginning and the significant in our past (Criterion B). It
end of the life of distinguished indi- must be the birthplace or grave of an
viduills, may be temporally and individual who was of outstanding
geogrilphically for removed from the importance in the history of the locill
person's significilnt activities, ilnd area, State, or nation. The birthplace
therefore are not usually considered or grilve of an individual who was
eligible. one of several people ilctive in some
 aspect of the history of a community,
Examples of Properties that MUST a state, or the Nation would not be
Meet Criteria Consideration C: Birth- eligible.
places and Graves
 • The birthplace of a significant person
 who lived elsewhereduring his or her
 Period of Significance.
 • A grave that is nominated for its as-
 sociation with the significant person
 buried in it.
 • A grave that is nominated for infor-
 mation potential.
Examples of Properties that DO NOT
Need to Meet Criteria Consideration
C: Birthplaces and Graves
 • A house that was inhabited by a sig-
 nificant person for his or her entire
 lifetime.
 • A grave locatedon the grounds of the
 house where a significant person
 spent his or her productive years.
32 Page 85
ELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER
ASSOCIATIONS
 A birthplace or grave can also be
eligible if it is significant for reasons
other than association with the
productive life of the person in
question. It can be eligible for signifi-
cance under Criterion A for associa-
tion with important events, under
Criterion B for association with the
productive lives of other important
persons, or under Criterion C for
architectural significance. A birth-
place or grave can also be eligible in
rare cases if, after the passage of time,
it is significant for its commemorative
value. (See Criteria Consideration F
for a discussion of commemorative
properties.) A birthplace or grave can
also be eligible under Criterion D if it
contains important information on
research, e.g., demography, pathol- Criteria Consideration C - Birthplaces. A birthplace of a historical figure is eligible
ogy, mortuary practices, socioeco- if the person is of outstanding importance and there is no other appropriate site or
nomic status differentiation. building associated with his or her productive life. The Walter Reed Birthplace,
 Gloucester vicinity, Gloucester County, Virginia is the most appropriate remaining
 building associated with the life of the man who, in 1900, discovered the cause and
 mode of transmission of the great scourge of the tropics, yellow fever. (Virginia
 Historic Landmarks Commission)




 33
 Page 86
CRITERIACONSIDERATION D:
CEMETERIES
A cemetery is eligible if it derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from
age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events.



 Examples of Properties that MUST
UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Consideration D: APPLYING
CRITERIA Cemeteries
 CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION • A cemetery that is nominatedindi-
 vidually for Criterion A, B, or C.
 CONSIDERATION
D: CEMETERIES D: CEMETERIES
 Examples of Properties that DO NOT
 A cemetery is a collection of graves Need to Meet Criteria Consideration PERSONS OF
that is marked by stones or other D: Cemeteries
 TRANSCENDENT
artifacts or that is unmarked but
recognizable by features such as • A cemeterythat is nominatedalong IMPORTANCE
fencing or depressions, or through with its associatedchurch, but the
maps, or by means of testing. Cem- church is the main resourcenomi- A cemetery containing the graves
eteries serve as a primary means of an nated. of persons of transcendent importance
individual's recognition of family • A cemeterythat is nominated under may be eligible. To be of transcendent
history and as expressions of collec- CriterionD for informationpoten- importance the persons must have
tive religious and/ or ethnic identity . tial. been of great eminence in their fields
Because cemeteries may embody of endeavor or had a great impact
values beyond personal or family- • A cemeterythat is nominatedas part upon the history of their community ,
specific emotions, the National of a district but is not the focal point State , or nation. (A single grave that
Register criteria allow for listing of of the district. is the burial place of an important
cemeteries under certain conditions. person and is located in a larger
 cemetery that does not qualify under
 this Criteria Consideration should be
 treated under Criteria Consideration
 C: Birthplaces and Graves .)


 Eligible
 • A historic cemetery containing
 the graves of a number of per-
 sons who were exceptionally
 significant in determining the
 course of a State's political or
 economic history during a par-
 ticular period is eligible.
 Not Eligible
 • A cemetery containing graves
 of State legislators is not eli-
 gible if they simply performed
 the daily business of State gov-
 ernment and did not have an
 outstanding impact upon the
Criteria Consideration D - Cemeteries. The Hancock Cemetery, Quincy, Norfolk nature and direction of the
County, Massachusetts meets the exception to the Criteria becauseit derives its State's history .
primary significance from its great age (the earliest burialsdatefrom 1640)and from
the distinctive designfeatures found in its rich collection of late 17th and early 18th
century funerary art. (N. HobartHolly)
 Page 87
34
ELIGIBILITY ON THE BASIS ELIGIBILITY FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR
OFAGE ASSOCIATION WITH INFORMATION POTENTIAL
 EVENTS
 Cemeteries can be eligible if they Cemeteries, both historic and
have achieved historic significance for Cemeteries may be associated with prehistoric, can be eligible if they
their relative great age in a particular historic events including specific have the potential to yield important
geographic or cultural context. important events or general events information. The information must be
 that illustrate broad patterns. important within a specific context
 and the potential to yield information
  Eligible must be demonstrated.
 Eligible A cemetery can qualify if it has
 • A cemetery dating from a potential to yield important informa-
 community's original 1830s • A cemetery associated with an tion provided that the information it
 settlement can attain signifi- important Civil War battle is contains is not available in extant
 cance from its association with eligible. documentary evidence.
 that very early period.
 • A cemetery associated with the
 settlement of an area by an
 ethnic or cultural group is eli- Eligible
ELIGIBILITY FOR DESIGN gible if the movement of the • A cemetery associated with the
 group into the area had an im- settlement of a particular cul-
 Cemeteries can qualify on the basis portant impact, if other prop- tural group will qualify if it
of distinctive design values. These erties associated with that has the potential to yield im-
values refer to the same design values group are rare, and if few portant information about sub-
addressed in Criterion C and can documentary sources have jects such as demography,
include aesthetic or technological survived to provide informa- variations in mortuary prac-
achievement in the fields of city tion about the group's tices, or the study of the cause
planning, architecture, landscape history. of death correlated with nutri-
architecture, engineering, mortuary tion or other variables.
art, and sculpture. As for all other Not Eligible
nominated properties, a cemetery • A cemetery associated with a
must clearly express its design values battle in the Civil War does
and be able to convey its historic not qualify if the battle was
appearance. not important in the history of
 the war.

 Eligible • A cemetery associated with an
 area's settlement by an ethnic
 • A Victorian cemetery is eli- or cultural group is not eli-
 gible if it clearly expresses the gible if the impact of the group
 aesthetic principlesrelated to on the area cannot be estab-
 funerary design for that pe- lished, if other extant historic
 riod, through such features as properties better convey asso-
 the overall plan, landscaping, ciation with the group, or if
 statuary, sculpture, fencing, the information that the cem-
 buildings, and grave markers. etery can impart is available in
 Not Eligible documentary sources.

 • A cemetery cannot be eligible
 for design values if it no
 longer conveys its historic ap-
 pearance because of the intro-
 duction of new grave markers.




 Page 88
 35
INTEGRITY NATIONAL CEMETERIES its history, the age of the cemetery is
 not a factor in judging eligibility,
 Assessing the integrity of a historic National Cemeteries administered although integrity must be present.
cemetery entails evaluating principal by the Veterans Administration are A national cemetery or a portion of
design features such as plan, grave eligible because they have been a national cemetery that has only been
markers, and any related elements designated by Congress as primary set aside for use in the future is not
(such as fencing). Only that portion memorials to the military history of eligible.
of a historic cemetery that retains its the United States. Those areas within
historic integrity can be eligible. If the a designated national cemetery that
overall integrity has been lost because have been used or prepared for the
of the number and size of recent grave reception of the remains of veterans
markers, some features such as and their dependents, as well as any
buildings, structures, or objects that landscaped areas that immediately
retain integrity may be considered as surround the graves may qualify.
individual properties if they are of Because these cemeteries draw their
such historic or artistic importance significance from the presence of the
that they individually meet one or remains of military personnel who
more of the requirements listed have served the country throughout
above.




 Page 89
36
CRITERIA CONSIDERATION E:
RECONTRUCTED PROPERTIES
A reconstructed property is eligible when it is accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dig-
nified manner as part of a restoration master plan and when no other building or structure with the same associations
has survived. All three of these requirements must be met.




UNDERSTANDING APPLYING SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT

CRITERIA CRITERIA The phrase "suitable environment"
 refers to: 1) the physical context
CONSIDERATION E: CONSIDERATION E: provided by the historic district and
 2) any interpretive scheme, if the
RECONSTRUCTED RECONSTRUCTED historic district is used for interpretive
 purposes. This means that the
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES reconstructed property must be
 located at the same site as the original.
 "Reconstruction" is defined as the It must also be situated in its original
 ACCURACY OF THE grou'ping of buildings, structures, and
reproduction of the exact form and
detail of a vanished building, struc- RECONSTRUCTION objects (as many as are extant), and
ture, object, or a part thereof, as it that grouping must retain integrity.
appeared at a specific period of time. The phrase "accurately executed" In addition, the reconstruction must
Reconstructed buildings fall into two means that the reconstruction must be not be misrepresented as an authentic
categories: buildings wholly con- based upon sound archeological, historic property.
structed of new materials and build- architectural, and historic data con-
ings reassembled from some qistoric cerning the historic construction and
and some new materials. Both 1catego- appearance of the resource. That Eligible
ries of properties present problems in documentation should include both
 • A reconstructed plantation
meeting the integrity requirements of analysis of any above or below ground manager's office building is
the National Register criteria. material and research in written and
 considered eligible because it
 other records.
 is located at its historic site,
Examples of Properties that MUST grouped with the remaining
Meet Criteria Consideration E: Recon- historic plantation buildings
structed Properties and structures, and the planta-
  • A property in which most or all of the tion as a whole retains integ-
 fabric is not original. rity. Interpretation of the
 plantation district includes an
  • A district in which an important re- explanation that the manager's
 source or a significant number of re- office is not the original build-
 sources are reconstructions. ing, but a reconstruction.
Examples of Properties that DO NOT Not Eligible
Need to Meet Criteria Consideration E:
Reconstructed Properties • The same reconstructed plan-
 tation manager's office build-
  • A property that is remodeledor reno- ing would not qualify if it
 vated and still has the majority of its were rebuilt at a location dif-
 original fabric. ferent from that of the original
 building, or if the district as a
 whole no longer reflected the
 period for which it is signifi-
 cant, or if a misleading inter-
 pretive scheme were used for
 the district or for the recon-
 struction itself.



 Page 90 37
RESTORATION MASTER LAST SURVIVING RECONSTRUCTIONS
PLANS PROPERTY OF A TYPE OLDER THAN FIFTY YEARS
 Being presented "as part of a This consideration also stipulates After the passage of fifty years, a
restoration master plan" means that: that a reconstruction can qualify if, in reconstruction may attain its own
I) a reconstructed property is an addition to the other requirements, no significance for what it reveals about
essential component in a historic other building, object, or structure the period in which it was built,
district and 2) the reconstruction is with the same association has sur- rather than the historic period it was
part of an overall restoration plan for vived. A reconstruction that is part of intended to depict. On that basis, a
an entire district. "Restoration" is a restoration master plan is appropri- reconstruction can possibly qualify
defined as accurately recovering the ate only if: I) the property is the only under any of the Criteria.
form and details of a property and its one in the district with which a
setting as it appeared at a particular particular important activity or event
period by removing later work or by has been historically associated or
replacing missing earlier work (as 2) no other property with the same
opposed to completely rebuilding the associative values has survived.
property). The master plan for the
entire property must emphasize
restoration, not reconstruction. In
other words, the master plan for the
entire resource would not be accept-
able under this consideration if it
called for reconstruction of a majority
of the resource.


 Eligible
 • A reconstructed plantation
 manager's office is eligible if
 the office were an important
 component of the plantation
 and if the reconstruction is one
 element in an overall plan for
 restoring the plantation and if
 no other building or structure
 with the same associations has
 survived.
 • The reconstruction of the plan-
 tation manager's office build-
 ing can be eligible only if the
 majority of buildings, struc-
 tures, and objects that com-
 prised the plantation are ex-
 tant and are being restored.
 For guidance regarding resto-
 ration see the Secretaryof the
 Interior's Standardsfor Historic
 PreservationProjects.




38 Page 91
CRITERIACONSIDERATION F:
COMMEMORATIVEPROPERTIE
A property primarily commemorative in intent can be eligible if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested
it with its own historical significance.




UNDERSTANDING Examples of Properties that MUST
 Meet Criteria Consideration F:
 APPLYING
CRITERIA Commemorative Properties
 CRITERIA
CONSIDERATION F: • Afunction
 property whose sole or pri111ary
 is commemorative or in CONSIDERATION F:
 which the commemorative function
COMMEMORATIVE is of pri111arysignificance. COMMEMORATIVE
PROPERTIES Examples of Properties that DO NOT PROPERTIES
 Need to Meet Criteria Consideration
 F: Commemorative Properties
 Commemorative properties are
 ELIGIBILITY FOR DESIGN
designed or constructed after the • A resource that has a non-
occurrence of an important historic co111mc111orativeprimary function
event or after the life of an important A commemorative property derives
 or significance. its design from the aesthetic values of
person. They are not directly associ-
ated with the event or with the • A single marker that is a component the period of its creation. A com-
person's productive life, but serve as of a district (whether contributing or memorative property, therefore, may
evidence of a later generation's assess- non-contributing). be significant for the architectural,
 artistic, or other design qualities of its
ment of the past. Their significance
comes from their value as cultural own period in prehistory or history.
expressions at the date of their cre-
ation. Therefore, a commemorative
property generally must be over fifty Eligible
years old and must possess signifi- • A commemorative statue situ-
cance based on its own value, not on ated in a park or square is eli-
the value of the event or person being gible if it expresses the aesthet-
memorialized. ics or craftsmanship of the pe-
 riod when it was made, meet-
 ing Criterion C.
 • A late 19th century statue
 erected on a courthouse square
 to commemorate Civil War vet-
 erans would qualify if it reflects
 that era's shared perception of
 the noble character and valor of
 the veterans and their cause.
 This was commonly conveyed
 by portraying idealized soldiers
 or allegorical figures of battle,
 victory, or sacrifice.




 Page 92 39
ELIGIBILITY FOR AGE, INELIGIBILITY AS THE
TRADITION, OR SYMBOLIC Not Eligible LAST REPRESENTATIVE OF
VALUE • A commemorative marker AN EVENT OR PERSON
 erected in the past by a cul-
 A commemorative property cannot tural group at the site of an The loss of properties directly
qualify for association with the event event in its history would not associated with a significant event or
or person it memorializes. A com- be eligible if the marker were person does not strengthen the case
memorative property may, however, significant only for association for consideration of a commemorative
acquire significance after the time of with the event, and it had not property. Unlike birthplaces and
its creation through age, tradition, or become significant itself graves, a commemorative property
symbolic value. This significance must through tradition. usually has no direct historic associa-
be documented by accepted methods • A building erected as a monu- tion. The commemorative property
of historical research, including ment to an important histori- can qualify for historic association
written or oral history, and must meet cal figure would not be eligible only if it is clearly significant in its
one or more of the Criteria. if its only value lay in its asso- own right, as stipulated above.
 ciation with the individual,
 and it has not come to symbol-
 Eligible ize values, ideas, or contribu-
 • A commemorative marker tions valued by the generation
 erected by a cultural group that erected the monument.
 that believed the place was the • A commemorative marker
 site of its origins is eligible if, erected to memorialize an
 for subsequent generations of event in the community's
 the group, the marker itself be- history would not qualify sim-
 came the focus of traditional ply for its association with the
 association with the group's event it memorialized.
 historic identity.
 • A building erected as a monu-
 ment to an important histori-
 cal figure will qualify if
 through the passage of time
 the property itself has come to
 symbolize the value placed
 upon the individual and is
 widely recognized as a re-
 minder of enduring principles
 or contributions valued by the
 generation that erected the
 monument.
 • A commemorative marker
 erected early in the settlement
 or development of an area will
 qualify if it is demonstrated
 that, because of its relative
 great age, the property has
 long been a part of the historic
 identity of the area.




 Page 93
40
CRITERIACONSIDERATION G:
PROPERTIESTHAT HAVE
ACHIEVED SIGNIFICANCE
WITHIN THE LAST FIFl'YYEARS 9

A property achieving significance within the last fifty years is eligible if it is of exceptional importance.



 Examples of Properties that MUST Examples of Properties that DO NOT
UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Consideration G: Prop- Need to Meet Criteria Consideration
CRITERIA erties that Have Achieved Signifi-
 cance Within the Last Fifty Years
 G: Properties that Have Achieved
 Significance Within the Last Fifty
CONSIDERATION • A property that is less than fifty
 Years
 years old. • A resourcewhose construction be-
G: PROPERTIES • A property that continues to achieve
 gan over fifty years ago, but the
 completion overlaps the fifty year pe-
THAT HAVE significance into a period less than
 fifty years beforethe nomination.
 riod by a few years or less.
ACHIEVED • A property that has non-contiguous
 • A resource that is significant for its
 plan or design, which is over fifty
 Periods of Significance, one of which
SIGNIFICANCE is less than fifty years before the
 years old, but the actual completion
 nomination. of the project overlaps the fifty year
WITHIN THE LAST period by a few years.
 • A property that is more than fifty
 • A historic district in which a few
FIFTY YEARS years old and had no significance
 properties are newer than fifty years
 until a period less than fifty years
 before the nomination. old, but the majority of properties
 The National Register Criteria for and the most important Periodof
Evaluation exclude properties that Significance are greater than fifty
achieved significance within the last years old.
fifty years unless they are of excep-
tional importance. Fifty years is a
general estimate of the time needed to
develop historical perspective and to
evaluate significance. This consider-
ation guards against the listing of
properties of passing contemporary
interest and ensures that the National
Register is a list of truly historic
places.




 9
 For more information on Criteria Consideration G, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evafllati11gand Nominating Properties that Have
Achieved Significa11ceWithi11the Last Fifty Years.
 Page 94
 41
 The phrase "exceptional impor- VETERANS
APPLYING tance" does not require that the
 property be of national significance.
 ADMINISTRATION
CRITERIA It is a measure of a property's impor- HOSPITALS
 tance within the appropriate historic
CONSIDERATION context, whether the scale of that Hospitals less than fifty years old
 context is local, State, or national.
G: PROPERTIES that were constructed by the Veterans
 Bureau and Veterans Administration
THAT HAVE Eligible
 can be evaluated because the collec-
 tion of forty-eight facilities built be-
ACHIEVED • The General Laundry Building tween 1920 and 1946 has been ana-
 in New Orleans, one of the few lyzed in a study prepared by the
SIGNIFICANCE remaining Art Deco Style agency. The study provided a historic
 buildings in that city, was and architectural context for develop-
WITHIN THE PAST listed in the National Register ment of veteran's care within which
 when it was forty years old be- hospitals could be evaluated. The ex-
FIFTY YEARS cause of its exceptional impor- ceptional importance of specific indi-
 tance as an example of that ar- vidual facilities constructed within the
 chitectural style. past fifty years could therefore be de-
ELIGIBILITY FOR termined based on their role and their
EXCEPTIONAL present integrity.
IMPORTANCE
 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE COMP ARIS ON WITH
 The phrase "exceptional impor- RELATED PROPERTIES
tance" may be applied to the extraor- A property that has achieved
dinary importance of an event or to significance within the past fifty years In justifying exceptional impor-
an entire category of resources so can be evaluated only when sufficient tance, it is necessary to identify other
fragile that survivors of any age are historical perspective exists to deter- properties within the geographical
unusual. Properties listed that had mine that the property is exception- area that reflect the same significance
attained significance in less than fifty ally important. The necessary per- or historic associations and to deter-
years include: the launch pad at Cape spective can be provided by scholarly mine which properties best represent
Canaveral from which men first research and evaluation, and must the historic context in question.
traveled to the moon, the home of consider both the historic context and Several properties in the area could
nationally prominent playwright the specific property's role in that become eligible with the passage of
Eugene O'Neill, and the Chrysler context. time, but few will qualify now as
Building (New York) significant as the In many communities, properties exceptionally important.
epitome of the "Style Moderne" such as apartment buildings built in
architecture. the 1950s cannot be evaluated because
 there is no scholarly research avail- POST-WORLD WAR II
 Properties less than fifty years old
that qualify as exceptional because the able to provide an overview of the PROPERTIES
entire category of resources is fragile nature, role, and impact of that
include a recent example of a tradi- building type within the context of Properties associated with the post-
tional sailing canoe in the Trust historical and architectural develop- World War II era must be identified
Territory of the Pacific Islands, where ments of the 1950s. and evaluated to determine which
because of rapid deterioration of ones in an area could be judged
materials, no working Micronesian NATIONAL PARK SERVICE exceptionally important. For ex-
canoes exist that are more than twenty ample, a public housing complex may
 RUSTIC ARCHITECTURE be eligible as an outstanding expres-
years old. Properties that by their
nature can last more than fifty years sion of the nation's post-war urban
 Properties such as structures built policy. A military installation could
cannot be considered exceptionally in a rustic style by the National Park
important because of the fragility of be judged exceptionally important
 Service during the 1930s and 1940s because of its contribution to the Cold
the class of resources. can be evaluated because a broad War arms race. A church building in
 study, National Park Service Rustic a Southern city may have served as
 Architecture (1977), provides the the pivotal rallying point for the city's
 context for evaluating properties of most famous civil rights protest. A
 this type and style. Specific examples post-war suburban subdivision may
 were listed in the National Register be the best reflection of contemporary
 prior to reaching fifty years of age siting and design tenets in a metro-
 when documentation concerning the politan area. In each case, the nomi-
 individual properties established their nation preparer must justify the
 significance within the historical and exceptional importance of the property
 architectural context of the type and relative to similar properties in the
 style. community, State, or nation.


42 Page 95
ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS PROPERTIES MORE THAN
INFORMATION POTENTIAL FIFTY YEARS IN AGE, LESS
 Properties which have achieved
 THAN FIFTY YEARS IN
 A property that has achieved significance within the past fifty years
significance within the past fifty years can be eligible for the National SIGNIFICANCE
can qualify under Criterion D only if Register if they are an integral part of
it can be demonstrated that the a district which qualifies for National Properties that are more than fifty
information is of exceptional impor- Register listing. This is demonstrated years old, but whose significant
tance within the appropriate context by documenting that the property associations or qualities are less than
and that the property contains data dates from within the district's fifty vears old, must be treated under
superior to or different from those defined Period of Significance and the, fifty year consideration.
obtainable from other sources, includ- that it is associated with one or more
ing other culturally related sites. An of the district's defined Areas of
archeological site less than fifty years Significance. Eligible
old may be eligible if the former Properties less than fifty years old
 • A building constructed early
inhabitants are so poorly documented may be an integral part of a district
 in the twentieth century (and
that information about their lifeways when there is sufficient perspective to
 having no architectural impor-
is best obtained from examination of consider the properties as historic.
 tance), but that was associated
the material remains. This is accomplished by demonstrat-
 with an important person
 ing that: 1) the district's Period of
 during the 1950s, must be
 Significance is justified as a discrete
 evaluated under Criteria Con-
  Eligible period with a defined beginning and
 sideration G because the Pe-
 end, 2) the character of the district's
 • Data such as the rate of adop- riod of Significance is within
 historic resources is clear!v defined
 tion of modern technological the past fifty years. Such a
 and assessed, 3) specific resources in
 innovations by rural tenant property would qualify if the
 the district are demonstrated to date
 farmers in the 1950s may not person was of exceptional im-
 from that discrete era, and 4) the
 be obtainable through inter- portance.
 majority of district properties are over
 views with living persons but fifty years old. In these instances, it is
 could be gained by examina- not necessary to prove exceptional
 tion of homesites. importance of either the district itself REQUIREMENT TO MEET
  Not Eligible or the less-than-fifty-year-old proper-
 ties. Exceptional importance still THE CRITERIA,
 • A recent archeological site must be demonstrated for district REGARDLESS OF AGE
 such as the remains of a where the majority of properties or
 f\:avajo sheep corral used in the major Period of Significance is less Properties that are less than fifty
 the 1950s would not be consid- than fifty years old, and for less-than- years old and are not exceptionally
 ered exceptionally significant fifty-year-old properties which are important will not automatically
 for its information potential on nominated individually. qualify for the National Register once
 animal husbandry if better in- they are fifty years old. In order to be
 formation on the same topic is listed in the National Register, all
 available through ethno- properties, regardless of age, must be
 graphic studies or living infor- demonstrated to meet the Criteria for
 mants. Evaluation.




 Page 96
 43
VIII. HOW TO EVALUATE THE
INTEGRITY OF A PROPERTY

INTRODUCTION SEVEN ASPECTS OF DESIGN
 INTEGRITY
 Design is the combination of
 Integrity is the ability of a prop- elements that create the form, plan,
erty to convey its significance. To be • Location
 space, structure, and style of a
listed in the National Register of • Design property. It results from conscious
Historic Places, a property must not decisions made during the original
only be shown to be significant under • Setting
 conception and planning of a prop-
the National Register criteria, but it • Materials erty (or its significant alteration) and
also must have integrity. The evalua- applies to activities as diverse as
tion of integrity is sometimes a • Workmanship
 community planning, engineering,
subjective judgment, but it must • Feeling architecture, and landscape architec-
always be grounded in an under- ture. Design includes such elements
standing of a property's physical • Association
 as organization of space, proportion,
features and how they relate to its scale, technology, ornamentation, and
significance. materials.
 Historic properties either retain UNDERSTANDING A property's design reflects historic
integrity (this is, convey their signifi- functions and technologies as well as
cance) or they do not. Within the THE ASPECTS OF aesthetics. It includes such consider-
concept of integrity, the National ations as the structural system;
Register criteria recognizes seven INTEGRITY massing; arrangement of spaces;
aspects or qualities that, in various pattern of fenestration; textures and
combinations, define integrity. colors of surface materials; type,
 LOCATION
 To retain historic integrity a amount, and style of ornamental
property will always possess several, detailing; and arrangement and type
 Location is the place where the
and usually most, of the aspects. The of plantings in a designed landscape.
 historic property was constructed or
retention of specific aspects of integ- Design can also apply to districts,
 the place where the historic event
rity is paramount for a property to whether they are important primarily
 occurred. The relationship between
convey its significance. Determining for historic association, architectural
 the property and its location is often
whic/z of these aspects are most value, information potential, or a
 important to understanding why the
important to a particular property combination thereof. For districts
 property was created or why some-
requires knowing why, where, and significant primarily for historic
 thing happened. The actual location
when the property is significant. The association or architectural value,
 of a historic property, complemented
following sections define the seven design concerns more than just the
 by its setting, is particularly important
aspects and explain how they com- individual buildings or structures
 in recapturing the sense of historic
bine to produce integrity. located within the boundaries. It also
 events and persons. Except in rare
 cases, the relationship between a applies to the way in which buildings,
 property and its historic associations sites, or structures are related: for
 is destroyed if the property is moved. example, spatial relationships be-
 (See Criteria Consideration Bin Part tween major features; visual rhythms
 VII: How to Apply the Criteria Consider- in a streetscape or landscape
 ations, for the conditions under which plantings; the layout and materials of
 a moved property can be eligible.) walkways and roads; and the relation-
 ship of other features, such as statues,
 water fountains, and archeological
 sites.




 Page 97
44
SETTING recent structure fabricated to look ASSOCIATION
 historic is not eligible. Likewise, a
 Setting is the physical environ- property whose historic features and Association is the direct link
ment of a historic property. Whereas materials have been lost and then between an important historic event
location refers to the specific place reconstructed is usually not eligible. or person and a historic property. A
where a property was built or an event (See Criteria Consideration E in Part property retains association if it is the
occurred, setting refers to the character VII: How to Apply tlze Criteria Consider- place where the event or activity
of the place in which the property ations for the conditions under which occurred and is sufficiently intact to
played its historical role. It involves a reconstructed property can be convey that relationship to an ob-
how, not just where, the property is eligible.) server. Like feeling, association
situated and its relationship to sur- requires the presence of physical
rounding features and open space. WORKMANSHIP features that convey a property's
 Setting often reflects the basic historic character. For example, a
physical conditions under which a Workmanship is the physical Revolutionary War battlefield whose
property was built and the functions it evidence of the crafts of a particular natural and manmade elements have
was intended to serve. In addition, culture or people during any given remained intact since the 18th centurv
the way in which a property is posi- period in history or prehistory. It is will retain its quality of association °
tioned in its environment can reflect the evidence of artisans' labor and with the battle.
the designer's concept of nature and skill in constructing or altering a Because feeling and association
aesthetic preferences. building, structure, object, or site. depend on individual perceptions,
 The physical features that constitute Workmanship can apply to the their retention alone is never sufficient
the setting of a historic property can property as a whole or to its indi- to support eligibility of a property for
be either natural or manmade, includ- vidual components. It can be ex- the National Register.
ing such elements as: pressed in vernacular methods of
 • Topographic features (a gorge or
 the crest of a hill);
 construction and plain finishes or in
 highly sophisticated configurations
 ASSESSING
 • Vegetation;
 and ornamental detailing. It can be
 based on common traditions or
 INTEGRITY IN
 • Simple manmade features (paths innovative period techniques.
 Workmanship is important because
 PROPERTIES
 or fences); and
 it can furnish evidence of the technol-
 • Relationships between buildings ogy of a craft, illustrate the aesthetic Integrity is based on significance:
 and other features or open space. principles of a historic or prehistoric why, where, and when a property is
 period, and reveal individual, local, important. Only after significance is
 These features and their relation- fully established can you proceed to
ships should be examined not only regional, or national applications of
 both technological practices and the issue of integrity.
within the exact boundaries of the The steps in assessing integrity are:
property, but also between the prop- aesthetic principles. Examples of
erty and its surroundini;:s. This is workmanship in historic buildings • Define the essential physical fea-
pa;ticularly important for districts. include tooling, carving, painting, tures that must be present for a
 graining, turning, and joinery. Ex- property to represent its signifi-
 amples of workmanship in prehistoric cance.
MATERIALS contexts include Paleo-Indian clovis
 projectile points; Archaic period • Determine whether the essential
 Materials are the physical ele- beveled adzes; Hopewellian birdstone physical features are visible
ments that were combined or depos- pipes; copper earspools and worked enough to convey their signifi-
ited during a particular period of bone pendants; and Iroquoian effigy cance.
time and in a particular pattern or pipes.
configuration to form a historic • Determine whether the property
property. The choice and combination needs to be compared with simi-
of materials reveal the preferences of FEELING lar properties. And,
those who created the property and • Determine, based on the signifi-
indicate the availability of particular Feeling is a property's expression
 of the aesthetic or historic sense of a cance and essential physical fea-
types of materials and technologies. tures, which aspects of integrity
Indigenous materials are often the particular period of time. It results
 from the presence of physical features are particularly vital to the prop-
focus of regional building traditions erty being nominated and if they
and thereby help define an area's that, taken together, convey the
 property's historic character. For are present.
sense of time and place.
 A property must retain the key example, a rural historic district Ultimately, the question of integ-
exterior materials dating from the retaining original design, materials, rity is answered by whether or not the
period of its historic significance. If workmanship, and setting will relate property retains the identity for
the property has been rehabilitated, the feeling of agricultural life in the which it is significant.
the historic materials and significant 19th century. A grouping of prehis-
features must have been preserved. toric petroglyphs, unmarred by
The property must also be an actual graffiti and intrusions and located on
historic resource, not a recreation; a its original isolated bluff, can evoke a
 sense of tribal spiritual life.
 Page 98
 45
DEFINING THE ESSENTIAL of features, artifacts, and spatial in the National Register-cl historic
 relationships to the extent that these concert hclll noted for the beauty of its
PHYSICAL FEATURES remains are able to illustrate a site cluditorium and its fine acoustic
 type, time period, method of construc- qualities would be the type of prop-
 All properties change over time. It tion, or work of a master. erty that if it were to lose its interior,
is not necessary for a property to
 it would lose its Vcllue as a historic
retain all its historic physical features
 CRITERION D resource. In other cclses, the over-
or characteristics. The property must
 clrching significance of cl property's
retain, however, the essential physical
 For properties eligible under exterior rnn overcome the adverse
features that enable it to convey its
 Criterion D, including archeological effect of the loss of an interior.
historic identity. The essentia(
 sites and standing structures studied In borderline cclses particular
physical featu!es are those features
 for their information potential, less attention is paid to the significance of
that define both why a property is
 attention is given to their overall the property and the remaining
significant (Applicable Criteria and historic features.
Areas of Significance) and zohc11it was condition, than it they were being
significant (Periods of Significance). considered under Criteria A, B, or C.
They are the features without which a Archeological sites, in particular, do HISTORIC DISTRICTS
property can no longer be identified not exist today exactly as they were
as, for instance, a late 19th century formed. The/e are al{vays cu ltural
 0

 For a district to retain integrity as a
dairy barn or an early 20th century and natural processes that cllter the whole, the majority of the compo-
commercial district. deposited mcltericlls clnd their spclticll nents thclt make up the district's
 relationships. historic character must possess
 For properties eligible under integrity even if they are individucllly
CRITERIA A AND B Criterion D, integrity is based upon undistinguished. In addition, the
 the property's potenticll to yield relationships among the district's
 A property that is significant for its specific dcltcl thclt clddresses importclnt components must be substclnticllly
historic association is eligible if it reseclrch questions, such clSthose unchanged since the period of signifi-
retains the essential physical features identified in the historic context cclnce.
that made up its character or appear- documentation in the Stcltewide When evaluating the impclct of
ance during the period of its associa- Comprehensive Preservation Plan or intrusions upon the district's integ-
tion with the important event, histori- in the reseclrch design for projects rity, take into consideration the
cal pattern, or person(s). If the meeting the Secretary of tire Interior's relative number, size, scclle, design,
property is a site (such as a treaty site) Standards for Arc/1cologicalDocumenta- clnd location of the components that
where there are no material cultural tion. do not contribute to the significance.
remains, the setting must be intact. A district is not eligible if it contains
 Archeological sites eligible under so mclny cllterations or new intrusions
Criteria A and B must be in overall INTERIORS
 thclt it no longer conveys the sense of
good condition with excellent preser- cl historic environment.
vation of features, artifacts, and Some historic buildings are virtu-
 cllly defined by their exteriors, and A component of a district cclnnot
spatial relationships to the extent that contribute to the significance if:
these remains are able to convey their contribution to the built environ-
important associations with events or ment can be appreciclted even if their • it has been substantially altered
persons. interiors are not accessible. Examples since the period of the district's
 of this would include early exclmples significclnce or
 of steel-framed skyscraper construc-
CRITERION C tion. The greclt advclnce in American • it does not shclre the historic clsso-
 technology and engineering mclde by ciations of the district.
 A property important for illustrat- these buildings can be read from the
ing a particular architectural style or outside. The change in American
construction technique must retain populclr tclste during the 19th century,
 VISIBILITY OF PHYSICAL
most of the physical features that from the symmetry and simplicity of FEATURES
constitute that style or technique. A clrchitectural styles bclsed on classiccll
property that has lost some historic precedents, to the expressions of High Properties eligible under Criteria
materials or details can be eligible if it Victorian styles, with their combincl- A, B, clnd C must not only retain their
retains the majority of the features tion of textures, colors, and asym- essential physical fecltures, but the
that illustrate its style in terms of the metrical forms, is readily apparent fecltures must be visible enough to
massing, spatial relationships, propor- from the exteriors of these buildings. convey their significance. This means
tion, pattern of windows and doors, Other buildings "are" interiors. that even if a property is physiccllly
texture of materials, and ornamenta- The Cleveland Arcade, that soaring intact, its integrity is questionable if
tion. The property is not eligible, 19th century glass-covered shopping its significant features are concealed
however, if it retains some basic clrec1,can only be appreciated from the under modern construction. Archeo-
features conveying massing but has inside. Other buildings in this logical properties clre often the
lost the majority of the features that category would be the great covered exception to this; by nature they
once characterized its style. train sheds of the 19th century. usually do not require visible features
 Archeological sites eligible under In some cases the loss of an interior to convey their significance.
Criterion C must be in overall good will disqualify properties from listing
condition with excellent preservation
 Page 99
46
NON-HISTORIC EXTERIORS SUNKEN VESSELS RARE EXAMPLES OF A
 PROPERTY TYPE
 If the historic exterior building A sunken vessel can be eligible
material is covered by non-historic under Criterion C as embodying the Comparative information is
material (such as modern siding), the distinctive characteristics of a method particularly important to consider
property can still be eligible if the of construction if it is structurally when evaluating the integrity of a
significant form, features, and detail- intact. A deterioratedsunken vessel, property that is a rare surviving
ing are not obscured. If a property's no longer structurally intact, can be example of its type. The property
exterior is covered by a non-historic eligible under Criterion D if the must have the essential physical
false-front or curtain wall, the prop- remains of either the vessel or its features that enable it to convey its
erty will not qualify under Criteria A, contents is capable of yielding signifi- historic character or information. The
B, or C, because it does not retain the cant information. For further infor- rarity and poor condition, however, of
visual quality necessary to convey mation, refer to National Register other extant examples of the type may
historic or architectural significance. Bulletin: Nominating Historic Vessels justify accepting a greater degree of
Such a property also cannot be and Shipwrecks to the National Register alteration or fewer features, provided
considered a contributing element in a of Historic Places. that enough of the property survives
historic district, because it does not for it to be a significant resource.
add to the district's sense of time and Natural Features
place. If the false front, curtain wall, A natural feature that is associated
or non-historic siding is removed and with a historic event or trend, such as Eligible
the original building materials are a rock formation that served as a trail
intact, then the property's integrity marker during westward expansion, • A one-room schoolhouse that
can be re-evaluated. must retain its historic appearance, has had all original exterior
 unobscured by modern construction siding replaced and a replace-
PROPERTY CONTAINED or landfill. Otherwise it is not eli- ment roof that does not exactly
 gible, even though it remains intact. replicate the original roof pro-
WITHIN ANOTHER file can be eligible if the other
PROPERTY COMPARING SIMILAR extant rare examples have re-
 ceived an even greater degree
 Some properties contain an earlier PROPERTIES of alteration, such as the sub-
structure that formed the nucleus for division of the original one-
later construction. The exterior For some properties, comparison room plan.
property, if not eligible in its own with similar properties should be
 considered during the evaluation of Not Eligible
right, can qualify on the basis of the
interior property only if the interior integrity. Such comparison may be • A mill site contains informa-
property can yield significant infor- important in deciding what physical tion on how site patterning re-
mation about a specific construction features are essential to properties of flects historic functional re-
technique or material, such as that type. In instances where it has quirements, but parts of the
rammed earth or tabby. The interior not been determined what physical site have been destroyed. The
property cannot be used as the basis features a property must possess in site is not eligible for its infor-
for eligibility if it has been so altered order for it to reflect the significance mation potential if a compari-
that it no longer contains the features of a historic context, comparison with son of other mill sites reveals
that could provide important infor- similar properties should be under- more intact properties with
mation, or if the presence of impor- taken during the evaluation of integ- complete information.
tant information cannot be demon- rity. This situation arises when
strated. scholarly work has not been done on a
 particular property type or when
 surviving examples of a property type
 are extremely rare. (See Comparing
 Related Properties in Part V: How to
 Evaluate a Property within its Historic
 Context.)




 Page 100 47
DETERMINING THE
RELEVANT ASPECTS OF Not Eligible Eligible
INTEGRITY A mid-19th century water- A 19th century wooden covered
 powered mill important for its bridge, important for illustrating
 Each type of property depends on association with an area's indus- a construction type, is eligible if:
certain aspects of integrity, more than trial development is not eligible
 if: • the essential features of its de-
others, to express its historic signifi- sign are intact, such as abut-
cance. Determining which of the • it has been moved (Location, ments, piers, roof configura-
aspects is most important to a particu- Setting, Feeling, and Associa- tion, and trusses (Design,
lar property requires an understand- tion), or Workmanship, and Feeling),
ing of the property's significance and and
its essential physical features. • substantial amounts of new
 materials have been incorpo- • most of the historic materials
CRITERIA A AND B rated (Materials, Workman- are present (Materials, Work-
 ship, and Feeling), or manship, and Feeling), and
 A property important for associa- • it no longer retains basic de- • evidence of the craft of
tion with an event, historical pattern, sign features that convey its wooden bridge technology re-
or person(s) ideally might retain some historic appearance or mains, such as the form and
features of all seven aspects of integ- function (Design, Workman- assembly technique of the
rity: location, design, setting, materi- ship, and Feeling). trusses (Workmanship).
als, workmanship, feeling, and
 • Since the design of a bridge re-
association. Integrity of design and
 lates directly to its function as
workmanship, however, might not be
 CRITERION C a transportation crossing, it is
as important to the significance, and
 also important that the bridge
would not be relevant if the property
 A property significant under still be situated over a water-
were a site. A basic integrity test for a
 Criterion C must retain those physi- way (Setting, Location, Feel-
property associated with an important
 cal features that characterize the type, ing, and Association).
event or person is whether a historical
contemporary would recognize the period, or method of construction that Not Eligible
property as it exists today. the property represents. Retention of
 For archeological sites that are design, workmanship, and materials For a 19th century wooden cov-
eligible under Criteria A and B, the will usually be more important than ered bridge, important for its
seven aspects of integrity can be location, setting, feeling, and associa- construction type, replacement
applied in much the same way as they tion. Location and setting will be of some materials of the flooring,
are to buildings, structures, or objects. important, however, for those proper- siding, and roofing would not
It is important to note, however, that ties whose design is a reflection of necessarily damage its integrity.
 their immediate environment (such as Integrity would be lost, however,
the site must have demonstrated its
ability to convey its significance, as designed landscapes and bridges). if:
opposed to sites eligible under Crite- For archeological sites that are • the abutments, piers, or trusses
rion D where only the potential to eligible under Criterion C, the seven were substantially altered (De-
yield information is required. aspects of integrity can be applied in sign, Workmanship, and Feel-
 much the same way as they are to ing) or
 buildings, structures, or objects. It is
 important to note, however, that the • considerable amounts of new
  Eligible site must have demonstrated its ability materials were incorporated
 to convey its significance, as opposed (Materials, Workmanship,
 A mid-19th century waterpowered and Feeling).
 mill important for its association to sites eligible under Criterion D
 with an area's industrial develop- where only the potential to yield • Because environment is a
 ment is eligible if: information is required. strong factor in the design of
 this property type, the bridge
  • it is still on its original site would also be ineligible if it no
 (Location), and longer stood in a place that
  • the important features of its conveyed its function as a
 setting are intact (Setting), and crossing (Setting, Location,
 Feeling, and Association).
  • it retains most of its historic
 materials (Materials), and
  • it has the basic features expres-
 sive of its design and function,
 such as configuration, propor-
 tions, and window pattern
 (Design).



48 Page 101
CRITERION D Eligible
 A lithic scatter site important for
 For properties eligible under yielding data on lithic technology
Criterion D, setting and feeling may during the Late Archaic period
not have direct bearing on the can be eligible if:
property's ability to yield important
information. Evaluation of integrity • the site contains lithic
probably will focus primarily on the debitage, finished stone tools,
location, design, materials, and hammerstones, or antler
perhaps workmanship. flakers (Material and Design),
 and
 • the site contains datable mate-
  Eligible rial (Association).
  A multicomponent prehistoric Not Eligible
  site important for yielding data
  on changing subsistence patterns A lithic scatter site important for
  can be eligible if: yielding data on lithic technology
 during the Late Archaic period
 • floral or faunal remains are would not be eligible if:
 found in clear association with
 cultural material (Materials • the site contains natural de-
 and Association) and posits of lithic materials that
 are impossible to distinguish
 • the site exhibits stratigraphic from culturally modified lithic
 separation of cultural compo- material (Design) or
 nents (Location).
 • the site does not contain any
  Not Eligible temporal diagnostic evidence
  A multicomponent prehistoric that could link the site to the
  site important for yielding data Late Archaic period (Associa-
  on changing subsistence patterns tion).
  would not be eligible if:
 • floral or fauna! remains were
 so badly decomposed as to
 make identification impossible
 (Materials), or
 • floral or fauna! remains were
 disturbed in such a manner as
 to make their association with
 cultural remains ambiguous
 (Association), or
 • the site has lost its strati-
 graphic context due to subse-
 quent land alterations
 (Location).




 Page 102 49
IX. SUMMARY OF THE
NATIONAL HISTORIC
LANDMARKS CRITERIA FOR
EVALUATION
 A property being nominated to the 3. That represent some great idea
National Register may also merit or ideal of the American people;
 NATIONAL
consideration for potential designa-
tion as a National Historic Landmark.
 or
 HISTORIC
Such consideration is dependent upon 4. That embody the distinguishing
the stringent application of the characteristics of an architectural LANDMARK
 type specimen exceptionally
following distinct set of criteria
(found in the Code of FederalRegula- valuable for a study of a period, EXCLUSIONS
tions, Title 36, Part 65). style or method of construction,
 or that represent a significant, Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces,
 distinctive and exceptional entity graves of historical figures, properties
NATIONAL whose components may lack in- owned by religious institutions or
 dividual distinction; or used for religious purposes, structures
HISTORIC 5. That are composed of integral that have been moved from their
 original locations, reconstructed his-
LANDMARKS parts of the environment not suf-
 ficiently significant by reason of toric buildings and properties that
 have achieved significance within the
CRITERIA historical association or artistic
 merit to warrant individual rec- past fifty years are not eligible for des-
 ognition but collectively compose ignation. If such properties fall
 The quality of national significance an entity of exceptional historical within the following categories they
is ascribed to districts, sites, buildings, or artistic significance, or out- may, nevertheless, be found to
structures, and objects that possess standingly commemorate or il- qualify:
exceptional value or quality in illus- lustrate a way of life or culture; 1. A religious property deriving its
trating or interpreting the heritage of or primary national significance
the United States in history, architec- from architectural or artistic dis-
ture, archeology, engineering, and 6. That have yielded or may be
 likely to yield information of ma- tinction or historical importance;
culture and that possess a high degree or
of integrity of location, design, jor scientific importance by re-
setting, materials, workmanship, vealing new cultures, or by shed- 2. A building or structure removed
feeling, and association, and: ding light upon periods of occu- from its original location but
 pation over large areas of the which is nationally significant
 1. That are associated with events United States. Such sites are primarily for its architectural
 that have made a significant con- those which have yielded, or merit, or for association with per-
 tribution to, and are identified which may reasonably be ex- sons or events of transcendent
 with, or that outstandingly repre- pected to yield, data affecting importance in the nation's his-
 sent, the broad national patterns theories, concepts and ideas to a tory and the association conse-
 of United States history and from major degree. quential; or
 which an understanding and ap-
 preciation of those patterns may 3. A site of a building or structure
 be gained; or no longer standing but the per-
 son or event associated with it is
 2. That are associated importantly of transcendent importance in the
 with the lives of persons nation- nations's history and the associa-
 ally significant in the history of tion consequential; or
 the United States; or



50 Page 103
  4. A birthplace, grave or burial if it texts are identified similarly; and district. Note that the language is
 is of a historical figure of tran- comparative evaluation is carried out more restrictive than that of the
 scendent national significance on the same principles enumerated in National Register Criterion in requir-
 and no other appropriate site, Part V. ing that a candidate in architecture be
 building, or structure directly as- There are some differences between "a specimen exceptionally valuable for
 sociated with the productive life National Register and National the study of a period, style, or method
 of that person exists; or Historic Landmarks Criteria. The of construction" rather than simply
 following is an explanation of how embodying distinctive characteristics
  5. A cemetery that derives its pri- of a type, period, or method of con-
 each Landmark Criterion compares
 mary national significance from struction. With regard to historic
 with its National Register Criteria
 graves of persons of transcendent districts, the Landmarks Criterion
 counterpart:
 importance, or from an exception- requires an entity that is distinctive
 ally distinctive design or an ex- and exceptional. Unlike National
 ceptionally significant event; or CRITERION 1
 Register Criterion C, this Criterion will
  6. A reconstructed building or en- not qualify the works of a master, per
 This Criterion relates to National
 semble of buildings of extraordi- se, but only such works which are
 Register Criterion A. Both cover
 nary national significance when exceptional or extraordinary. Artistic
 properties associated with events.
 accurately executed in a suitable value is considered onlv in the context
 The Landmark Criterion, however,
 environment and presented in a of history's judgement in order to
 requires that the events associated
 dignified manner as part of a res- avoid current conflicts of taste.
 with the property be outstandingly
 toration master plan, and when represented by that property and that
 no other buildings or structures the property be related to the broad CRITERION 5
 with the same association have national patterns of U.S. history.
 survived; or Thus, the quality of the property to This Criterion does not have a strict
  7. A property primarily commemo- convey and interpret its meaning counterpart among the National
 rative in intent if design, age, tra- must be of a higher order and must Register Criteria. It may seem redun-
 dition, or symbolic value has in- relate to national themes rather than dant of the latter part of Landmark
 vested it with its own national the narrower context of State or local Criterion 4. It is meant to cover
 historical significance; or themes. collective entities such as Greenfield
 Village and historic districts like New
  8. A property achieving national CRITERION 2 Bedford, Massachusetts, which qualify
 significance within the past 50 for their collective association with a
 years if it is of extraordinary na- nationally significant event, move-
 This Criterion relates to National
 tional importance. · ment, or broad pattern of national
 Register Criterion B. Both cover
 development.
 properties associated with significant
 people. The Landmark Criterion
COMPARING THE differs in that it specifies that the CRITERION 6
 association of a person to the property
NATIONAL in question be an important one and The National Register counterpart
 that the person associated with the of this is Criterion D. Criterion 6 was
HISTORIC property be of national significance. developed specifically to recognize
 archeological sites. All such sites must
LANDMARKS CRITERION 3 address this Criterion. The following
 are the qualifications that distinguish
CRITERIA AND THE this Criterion from its National Regis-
 This Criterion has no counterpart
 ter counterpart: the information
NATIONAL among the National Register Criteria.
 yielded or likely to be yielded must be
 It is rarely, if ever, used alone. While
 of major scientific importance by
REGISTER not a landmark at present, the Liberty
 revealing new cultures, or by shedding
 Bell is an object that might be consid-
 light upon periods of occupation over
CRITERIA ered under this Criterion. The appli-
 large areas of the United States. Such
 cation of this Criterion obviously
 requires the most careful scrutiny and sites should be expected to yield data
 In general, the instructions for affecting theories, concepts, and ideas to a
preparing a National Register nomina- would apply only in rare instances
 involving ideas and ideals of the major degree.
tion and the guidelines stated in this The data recovered or expected to
bulletin for applying the National highest order.
 be recovered must make a major
Register Criteria also apply to Land- contribution to the existing corpus of
mark nominations and the use of the CRITERION 4 information. Potentially recoverable
Landmark criteria. While there are data must be likely to revolutionize or
specific distinctions discussed below, This Criterion relates to National substantially modify a major theme in
Parts IV and V of this bulletin apply Register Criterion C. Its intent is to history or prehistory, resolve a sub-
equally to National Register listings qualify exceptionally important works stantial historical or anthropological
and Landmark nominations. That is, of architecture or collective elements debate, or close a serious gap in a
the categories of historic properties are of architecture extraordinarily signifi- major theme of U.S. history or prehis-
defined the same way; historic con- cant as an ensemble, such as a historic tory.
 Page 104 51
 architecture, or 2) the persons or
EXCLUSIONS AND events with which they are associated
 EXCLUSION 4
 are of transcendent national signifi-
EXCEPTIONS TO cance and the association is conse-
 This exclusion relates to Criteria
 Consideration C of the National
 quential.
THE EXCLUSIONS Transcendent significance means
 Register Criteria. The only difference
 is that a burial place qualifies for
 an order of importance higher than Landmark designation only if, in
 This section of the National His- that which would ordinarily qualify a addition to other factors, the person
toric Landmarks Criteria has its person or event to be nationally buried is of transcendent national
counterpart in the National Register's significant. A consequential associa- importance.
"Criteria Considerations." The most tion is a relationship to a building that When evaluating properties at the
abundant difference between them is had an evident impact on events, national level for designation as a
the addition of the qualifiers "na- rather than a connection that was National Historic Landmark, please
tional," "exceptional," or "extraordi- incidental and passing. refer to the National Historic Land-
nary" before the word significance.
 marks outline, History and Prehistory
Other than this, the following are the EXCLUSION 3 in the National Park System and the
most notable distinctions: National Historic Landmarks Program,
 This pertains to the site of a struc- 1987. (For more information about
EXCLUSION 2 ture no longer standing. There is no the National Historic Landmarks
 counterpart to this exclusion in the program, please write to Department
 Buildings moved from their National Register Criteria. In order of the Interior, National Park Service,
original location, qualify only if one of for such a property to qualify for National Historic Landmarks, 1849 C
two conditions are met: 1) the build- Landmark designation it must meet Street, NW, NC400, Washington, DC
ing is nationally significant for the second condition cited for Exclu- 20240.)
 sion 2.




 Page 105
52
X. GLOSSARY
Associative Qualities - An aspect of a Historic Context - An organizing Listing - The formal entry of a prop-
  property's history that links it with structure for interpreting history erty in the National Register of
  historic events, activities, or that groups information about Historic Places. See also, Registra-
  persons. historic properties that share a tion.
Code of Federal Regulations - common theme, common geo-
 Nomination - Official recommenda-
  Commonly referred to as "CFR." graphical area, and a common time
 tion for listing a property in the
  The part containing the National period. The development of
 National Register of Historic
  Register Criteria is usually referred historic contexts is a foundation for
 Places.
  to as 36 CFR 60, and is available decisions about the planning,
  from the National Park Service. identification, evaluation, registra- Property Type - A grouping of
 tion, and treatment of historic properties defined by common
CLG - Certified Local Government. properties, based upon compara- physical and associative c1ttributes.
Culture - A group of people linked tive historic significance. Registration - Process by which a
  together by shared values, beliefs, Historic Integrity - The unimpaired historic property is documented
  and historical associations, together ability of a property to convey its and nominated or determined
  with the group's social institutions historical significance. eligible for listing in the National
  and physical objects necessary to Register.
  the operation of the institution. Historic Property - See Historic
 Resource. Research Design - A statement of
Cultural Resource - See Historic proposed identification, documen-
  Resource. Historic Resource - Building, site,
 district, object, or structure evalu- tation, investigation, or other
Evaluation - Process by which the ated as historically significant. treatment of a historic property
  significance and integrity of a that identifies the project's goals,
  historic property are judged and Identification - Process through methods and techniques, expected
  eligibility for National Register which information is gathered results, c1nd the relationship of the
  listing is determined. about historic properties. expected results to other proposed
 activities or treatments.




 Page 106
 53
XI. LIST OF NATIONAL
REGISTER BULLETINS
The Basics
How to Apply National Register Criteria for Evaluation*

Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Form
 Part A: How to Complete the National Register Form*
 Part B: How to Complete the National Register Multiple Property Documentation Form*

Researching a Historic Property *

Property Types
Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aids to Navigation*

Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating and Registering America's Historic Battlefields

Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Historical Archeological Sites

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aviation Properties

Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places

How to Evaluate and Nominate Designed Historic Landscapes *

Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating and Registering Historic Mining Sites

How to Apply National Register Criteria to Post Offices*

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Properties Associated with Significant Persons

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Properties That Have Achieved Significance Within the Last Fifty Years*

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes *

Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties *

Nominating Historic Vessels and Shipwrecks to the National Register of Historic Places

Technical Assistance
Defining Boundaries for National Register Properties*

Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning *

How to Improve the Quality of Photographs for National Register Nominations

National Register Casebook: Examples of Documentation*

Using the UTM Grid System to Record Historic Sites

To order these publications, write to: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, 1849 C St., NC 400, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240, or
e-mail at: nr_reference@nps.gov. Publications marked with an asterisk(*) are also available in electronic form at www.cr.nps.gov/nr.


54 Page 107 U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2005-717-788
STAFF MEMORANDUM
HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM
PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board
FROM: Rob Wiener, Associate Preservation Planner
DATE: April 10, 2026
RE: 279 Congress Street - PUBLIC HEARING – Alterations
PROJECT ID: HP-00061-2026
MEETING: April 15, 2026

Owner: St. Paul’s Parish Church
Architect: Carol De Tine, Carriage House Studio
 Peter Lofgren, Lofgren Consulting Architect. LLC

A sign announcing the Historic Preservation Board’s meeting on April 15, 2026 was posted at the
property on April 6, 2026, and 45 notices were sent to neighboring property owners within 100
feet of the subject property.

_________________________________________
PROJECT SCOPE
Replace existing asphalt shingle roofing on the Rectory with Brava artificial slate tiles;
Replace existing galvanized metal open valleys with copper;
Replace ridge caps with either copper or Brava ridge cap components;
Install new copper gutters on all eaves.

Dimensions:
Area of Roof: Approximately 2000 square feet

Material Specifications:
 Trim Painted wood, copper flashing
 Roofing Brava roof tiles (composite artificial slate, made of recycled plastic)
 Metals Copper valleys, ridges, and gutters

_________________________________________
SUMMARY OF HISTORIC CONTEXT
St. Paul’s Church and Rectory are connected Gothic Revival structures that were constructed at
279-281 Congress in 1869, after the previous church was destroyed in the fire of 1866. St. Paul’s is a
local landmark in the India Street Historic District and is listed on the National Register. While the
church is stone with a slate roof, the Rectory is sided with wood made to look like stone blocks;



 1

 Page 108
the roof was originally shingled with wood, but is now covered with 3-tab asphalt shingles.




 Figure 1: Partial Map of India Street Historic District showing location of 279 Congress Street




 Figure 2: 279 Congress Street – Google Satellite View


 2

 Page 109
The front of the Rectory is near the edge of the sidewalk, and the main entrance is on the
southwest side, from an inset porch lined with wooden gothic arches. The stone church is set
further back, leaving a small lawn at the corner of Congress and Locust Streets. The entrance to
the church is located off Locust Street at the northwest corner of the building, well back from
Congress Street.




Figure 3: 279 Congress Street – September, 2024 - Google Street View

Steeply roofed dormers with Gothic arched windows interrupt the roof of the rectory on the
street-face and the southwest side, with open valleys covered in what appears to be galvanized
metal. Caps on hips and ridges are of asphalt shingle.

Additional information on the India Street Historic District can be found on the city website:
https://www.portlandmaine.gov/1548/Historic-Designations

_________________________________________
PREVIOUS REVIEW BY HISTORIC PRESERVATION STAFF

As noted in the applicants’ cover letter, comprehensive repairs and renovations are ongoing at the
Rectory, with much of the work either being interior alterations, repairs and replacement in-kind,
or minor alterations reviewed administratively. Window changes on the rear façade of the Rectory
and two new skylights on the northeast roof, already approved under a building permit, have no
visibility from a public way. Staff have met with the architects and representatives of the church on
site, and discussed alternatives for the rectory roofing with the architects on several occasions.


 3

 Page 110
___________________________________

STAFF COMMENTS

The proposal before the Board is part of a comprehensive renovation of the St. Paul’s Rectory
intended to reverse the effects of deferred maintenance, adapt the interior space to meet today’s
programmatic needs, and improve the envelope to maintain historic character and better resist
weather, by installing high quality, durable, and historically compatible repairs. As the applicants’
cover letter states, the proposed Brava roofing is a compromise because their preferred material,
natural slate, would be too heavy for the structural capacity of the existing roof framing.

Staff discussed roofing options with the architects and church representatives, including that:
 ● Sanborn Fire Insurance maps indicated that the original roof was wooden shingles;
 ● There is no evidence that the Rectory ever had a slate roof in the past;
 ● The church has the right to replace the existing roofing with asphalt shingles, including
 architectural shingles, in a compatible color of their choice;
 ● Staff discussed the potential for a fire-rated wood shingle roof with the applicant. While
 feasible and consistent with the original material, it was identified as a costly and
 uncommon solution

For the applicants, natural slate would represent an upgrade in terms of durability, low
maintenance, attractiveness, and compatibility with the slate on the church roof. The Brava roof
tiles would likely satisfy those goals, each to a lesser degree than true slate would. Staff notes that
the proposed consistent width Brava tiles would be 12” wide like the tabs on the existing shingles.
It is also worth noting that the steepest Brava ridge and hip cap is 45 degrees, and the dormer
pitches are so steep that copper caps may be needed.

In deciding whether the proposed roofing meets the Standards for Alterations, the Board should
discuss whether the material of the roof (whether wood, asphalt, or slate) should be considered a
character-defining or distinctive feature of the building, and then whether Standards C and F can
be interpreted to allow replacement with slate. Then, if natural slate is found to be an acceptable
roofing material, the Board should confirm whether the proposed modern, alternate material is a
reasonable visual match for the natural version.

Staff notes that the proposed use of copper for valleys and ridges, provided to conduct runoff,
seems compatible with the proposed roof. While the original materials are not known, the existing
system includes galvanized metal valleys and limited sections of half-round gutter, and the
proposed copper represents a durable alternative. Staff notes that uncoated copper, allowed to
weather naturally, may be compatible, practical, and consistent with the Standards. Also,
regardless of whether gutters are an original feature, they may well be a practical necessity for
managing water.


 4

 Page 111
_________________________________________
MOTION FOR CONSIDERATION


I move to [APPROVE / CONDITIONALLY APPROVE / DENY] application HP-00061-2026 for roof
replacement at 279 Congress Street on the basis of submitted documentation, plans, and
specifications; information provided in the staff memo; and the attached findings by the Historic
Preservation Board [AS WRITTEN / AS AMENDED DURING THE MEETING ON MARCH 4,
2026] that the project [MEETS / FAILS TO MEET] subsection 16.6.3 standards for review of
alterations [WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:]

 1) [CONDITIONS]


___________________________________
ATTACHMENTS
 1. Cover Letter and Project Description
 2. Drawings and Photos
 3. Product Information
 4. Gutter Details
 5. Draft Findings of Fact




 5

 Page 112
20 March 2026

Historic Preservation Application Cover Letter

The Parish of St. Paul’s Anglican Church is undergoing a complete renovation of the Rectory.

As we progress in the renovation and restoration process, we are seeking guidance and
approval for the replacement of the existing asphalt roof.

Consideration of Original Wood & Current Asphalt Roof Materials

We understand from Historic Preservation Program staff members Evan Schueckler and Rob
Weiner that historic Sanborn insurance maps indicate that the Rectory originally had a wood
shingle roof and therefore, replacement with wood shingles could be approved at the staff
(rather than Board) level.

We also understand from staff that we can replace the current asphalt shingle roof with a new
asphalt shingle roof with staff (rather than Board) approval, but the Church prefers to upgrade
from asphalt shingles.

Proposed Slate Roof Material

Our strong preference is for a slate roof.

As we research the use of slate for the roof, we reference the historic house located at 387
Spring Street. This house designed by Henry Rowe and constructed in 1845 is very similar in
style to the Rectory built in 1868. It has a beautiful slate roof. We feel that a slate roof on the
Rectory would enhance the visual integrity of the structure, be consistent with the slate roof on
St. Paul’s Church and provide a long-term maintenance free solution to the roof.

In consulting a structural engineer, we discovered that the existing roof structure cannot
support replacement with real slate. For that reason, we are requesting the use of a simulated
slate material manufactured by Brava Roof Tiles.

We look forward to presenting our proposed improvements to the Historic Preservation Board
and gaining your support for this project.

Respectfully submitted,



Peter Lofgren
President
Lofgren Consulting Architect, LLC.




 Page 113
 St. Paul's Church
 Rectory Renovation

 CLIENT
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
 REV. ANDREW FAUST
 279 CONGRESS STREET
 PORTLAND MAINE 04101
 207.710.6484


 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT
 PETER LOFGREN
 119 ELTON STREET
 PROVIDENCE RI 02906
 617.388.4081
 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM



 CONTRACTOR
 GIL AGUILAR
 GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES
 31 CONGRESS STREET
 PAWTUCKET RI 02860
 401.413.7088



 CIVIL ENGINEER
 QWEN HASKELL, INC.
 PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS
 390 US RT 1
 UNIT 10
 FALMOUTH ME 04105
 207.774.0424




 CURRENT PHOTO OF 387 SPRING STREET CURRENT VIEW OF THE RECTORY
 DESIGNED BY HENRY ROWE BUILT 1845 WITH SIDING FROM 2007 RENOVATION




 RECTORY RENOVATION
 HISTORIC
 24 FEB 2026
 No




 REVISIONS:
 NO. DATE DESCRIPTION


 AERIAL VIEW ZONING PLAT# 021-E008001




 DRAWING NAME:


 HISTORIC
 COMMISSION
 REVIEW
 DATE:

 SCALE:

 PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00


ST. PAUL'S RECTORY PRIOR TO CURRENT CHURCH AND RECTORY BUILT IN 1868 DRAWING NUMBER:




 A5.00
2002 RENOVATION GEORGE PELHAM ARCHITECT


 Page 114
 St. Paul's Church
 Rectory Renovation
 SLATE AT RIDGE
 AND HIP
 CLIENT
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
 REV. ANDREW FAUST
 279 CONGRESS STREET
 PORTLAND MAINE 04101
 COPPER VALLEY FLASHING 207.710.6484


 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT
 COPPER PETER LOFGREN
 GUTTER 119 ELTON STREET
 AND DOWNSPOUT PROVIDENCE RI 02906
 617.388.4081
 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM



 CONTRACTOR
 GIL AGUILAR
 GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES
 31 CONGRESS STREET
 PAWTUCKET RI 02860
 401.413.7088



 CIVIL ENGINEER
 8" QWEN HASKELL, INC.
 PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS
 3'-0" 390 US RT 1
 UNIT 10
 FALMOUTH ME 04105
 207.774.0424




 1
 A5.04
 EAST Elevation SOUTH Elevation
2 1
 1/4" = 1'-0" 1/4" = 1'-0"




 NEW SKYLIGHTS


 RECTORY RENOVATION
 HISTORIC
 24 FEB 2026
 No




 REVISIONS:
 NO. DATE DESCRIPTION




 DRAWING NAME:


 EXTERIOR
 ELEVATIONS -
 WEST & SOUTH
 DATE:

 SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"

 PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00

 DRAWING NUMBER:
 NORTH ELEVATION
 3


 A5.01
 1/4" = 1'-0"




 Page 115
 St. Paul's Church
 Rectory Renovation

 CLIENT
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
 REV. ANDREW FAUST
 279 CONGRESS STREET
 PORTLAND MAINE 04101
 207.710.6484


 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT
 PETER LOFGREN
 119 ELTON STREET
 PROVIDENCE RI 02906
 617.388.4081
 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM



 CONTRACTOR
 GIL AGUILAR
 GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES
 31 CONGRESS STREET
 PAWTUCKET RI 02860
 401.413.7088


COPPER RIDGE CAPS CIVIL ENGINEER
 QWEN HASKELL, INC.
 PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS
 390 US RT 1
 UNIT 10
 FALMOUTH ME 04105
 207.774.0424




 BRAVA SIMULATED
 SLATE TILES




 WASHINGTON RECTORY RENOVATION
 HISTORIC
 24 FEB 2026
 No




 REVISIONS:
 NO. DATE DESCRIPTION




 LIGHT ARENDALE



 DRAWING NAME:



 WASHINGTON BRAVA SLATE
 OPTIONS
 ARENDALE

COPPER VALLEYS DATE:

 SCALE:

 PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00

 DRAWING NUMBER:



 LIGHT ARENDALE
 GRAPHITE
 A5.02
 Page 116
Beautifully Authentic High-Performance Roofing


Slate Roof Tile




 Page 117
Arendale Atlantic Cottage




Graphite Light Arendale Onyx




 Page 118
Washington European Pine Green
 Mother Nature
 Inspired Hues
 Standard color line of natural color
 blends gives an authentic look of
 Premium Blend Premium Blend natural slate tile.


 Premium striking color blends
 complimenting homes that strive for a
Sandstone Tuscan Clay Victorian
 luxurious look and feel.


 Cool Roof Colors (Title 24 compliant)
 are perfect for any home looking for

 the benefits of increased energy

 efficiency.
 Premium Blend Premium Blend Premium Blend




White




 VIDEO: See how color

 changes throughout the day

 and access high resolution
 Premium Blend
 photos. Scan QR Code.



 Page 119
Available in
Single Width &
Multi-Width
 12 INCH WIDTH
 PROPOSED

 12" 12" 12" 12"




 Single width is standard and
 Single Width presents a more uniform look

 with all field slates being 12" .




 Arendale

 Page 120
 9" 6" 12" 9" 9"




 For a more traditional cottage style, our

Multi-Width Multi-Width Slates are available in 6", 9", and 12"

 widths for greater variation across the roof.




 Arendale Multi-Width

 Page 121
Light Arendale
 Page 122
 Washington

Page 123
An Integrated System to Keep You Safe & Dry
Slate Tile Roof System

 Standard Slate
 (Structural Ribbing Back)
 Install at all roof sections. Hip/Ridge Slate
 11.8 Bundles per Square Available in three configurations
 depending on application and roof pitch:
 Low (160°), Standard, (120°) Steep (90°).*
Solid Slate 8.3 linear feet per bundle
(Solid Back ) 12" Back View
Install at rake and/or valleys
(optional upgrade).
23 Bundles per Square


 Low Standard Steep
 (160°) (120°) (90°)




 12"




 Cut Slates
 Factory edge to the outside.
 Ice & Water Shield
 Recommended at eaves and valleys.


 Underlayment
 Synthetic recommended.


 Starter
 Install at eaves.
Note: Images not to scale.
 Thick edge installed
*For more detail on Hip/Ridge angles and application, refer to the installation guide.
 toward eave.


 Page 124
 Brava Old World Slate
Brava Old World Slate Light Arendale Brava Old World Slate Onyx




Brava Old World Slate Washington Brava Old World Slate Atlantic




Beautifully authentic
high-performance roofing.
The beautiful look of a slate roof without the maintenance.

Truly realistic Color technology
Our proprietary process creates the most Brava’s proprietary multi-coloring process
authentic-looking old world slate on the market. means you get the authentic appearance of a
 natural product, complete with variegated colors
Superior performance throughout the entire product.
Brava is designed to withstand even the most
severe weather, boasting the highest hail Fully sustainable
resistance rating in the industry. Brava uses recycled material to create a roof that
 is fully recyclable.
Enhanced curb appeal
Curb appeal directly correlates with owner Complete
satisfaction and higher property value. Brava offers a complete line of accessory tiles.

Maintenance free
Brava’s proprietary formulation ensures extreme
durability.



bravarooftile.com • (844) 290-4196 • info@bravarooftile.com

 Page 125
Unparalleled Performance
 Description Weight Dimensions


 6" Field Tile 1.4 lbs. 6" x 22"

 9" Field Tile 1.8 lbs. 9" x 22"

Arendale Atlantic 12" Field Tile 2.7 lbs. 12" x 22"

 Starter 1.6 lbs. 12" x 12"

 Hip & Ridge 2.0 lbs. 5 5/8" x 6" x 16"

 Solid Multi-Width Accessory 4.5 lbs. 12" x 22 7/8"

 Weight Per Square (Standard Slate) 311 lbs./sq.
Cottage Graphite Weight Per Square (Multi-Width Slate) 305 lbs./sq.

 Brava Old
 Aesthetics World Slate
 Natural Slate


 Authentic Look



Light Arendale Onyx
 1" Thickness
 
 Multi-Colored Variegated Only the most expensive

 Premium Blend
 Solid Accessories for Realistic Installation
 
 Brava Old
 Performance World Slate Natural Slate


 Fire Retardant: Class A or Class C
Washington European
 Wind Resistance: 188+ mph*
 
 Premium Blend Premium Blend Impact Resistance: Class 4 Varies by product

 Freeze/Thaw Resistant May spall in alpine regions

 Maintenance-Free Requires inspection and repair
 throughout the life cycle

Pine Green Tuscan Clay Colorfast Only some varieties

 Hail Warrantied Varies by product
 Premium Blend Premium Blend

 Brava Old
 Installation World Slate Natural Slate


 Lightweight
 
 High; slates with hairline cracks
Victorian White
 Estimated Waste Factor Low or broken during install will
 be discarded
Note: Premium Blend and Title 24 Cool Roof Colors are available


 
as an upcharge from Standard Color pricing. Please consult your
sales representative for additional information. Gun Nailed in Cold Weather



 *Brava tiles are tested and approved to withstand wind speeds of up to 188 mph with nails and
 up to 211 mph with high wind / screw installation.

 Tolerances +or- 1/2”. All specifications subject to change without notice.
 Class 4 hail rating Class A fire rating
 available The printed colors shown may vary from actual colors. Before making a final selection, be sure
 to review actual material samples and roof installations. Please contact your salesperson for
 further assistance.

 In order to achieve certain fire and wind ratings, special installation instructions may be required.
 Please reference Brava Roof Tile installation manuals at www.BravaRoofTile.com for more details.

© Brava 2023 OWS.SS.V9.1223 bravarooftile.com • (844) 290-4196 • info@bravarooftile.com


 Page 126
 SLATE


 22"



 Standard Width Slate

 12" FASTENER
 LOCATOR




 22"




 Multi-Width Slate
 12"




 9"


 FASTENER
 6" LOCATOR




 10"
 EXPOSUREE




 Layout & Exposure
 2122""




 12"
20250616 FASTENER STARTER
 LOCATOR
 Page 127
BRAVA SLATE


 36"
 FIELD UNDERLAYMENT
 AND ROOF DECK NOT 18"
 SHOWN FOR CLARITY


 OVERLAP VALLEY
 METAL
 SLOPE
 VALLEY
 UNDERLAYMENT

 LOCATE FASTENERS 10'' WIDE MIN. "W" STYLE
 APPROX. 5" FROM 1" CENTER CRIMP VALLEY
 CENTER OF VALLEY SHEET-METAL 24-26
 GAUGE RECOMMENDED.




 SOLID TILE
 3/16" GAP (TYP.)



 "
 12




 22
 "




 DETAIL NO.

 CLOSED VALLEY BS-1
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

  © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com


 Page 128
BRAVA SLATE



 HEMMED EDGE CONTINUOUS
 BOTH SIDES STRIPPING PLY ON
 BOTH SIDES OF
 METAL CLIP APPROX.
 VALLEY METAL
 2'' WIDE

 TWO FASTENERS
 PER CLIP

 OPTION 1 OPTION 2


 FIELD UNDERLAYMENT
 AND ROOF DECK NOT
 SHOWN FOR CLARITY
 VALLEY METAL FABRICATED
 FROM MIN. 20'' WIDE SHEET
 LAP VALLEY METAL MIN. 8"

 SLOPE
 "DOUBLE W"-STYLE: 1"
 EXTEND TILES 5'' MIN. OVER CENTER CRIMP
 VALLEY METAL DOUBLE W STYLE: 1-1/2"
 CENTER CRIMP
 VALLEY
 UNDERLAYMENT
 4" MIN


 SOLID TILE


 3/16" GAP (TYP.)




 DETAIL NO.

 OPEN VALLEY DETAIL BS-2
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

  © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com


 Page 129
BRAVA SLATE



 3/16" GAP (TYP.)




 FASTENER LOCATORS

 UNDERLAYMENT




 12" x 22" FIELD SLATE



 15/32" CDX PLYWOOD
 OR 7/16 OSB W/ 3:12
 MIN. SLOPE


 10" MAX.
 EXPOSURE
 ICE & WATER
 SHIELD




 1" RAKE OVERHANG


FIELD TILES



1/2" EAVE OVERHANG
 STARTER COURSE
 12" X 12" W/2
 FASTENERS


 RING SHANK ROOFING NAILS OR
 SCREWS FASTENED IN THE
 LOCATORS.
 L- OR T-TYPE DRIP GUTTER BY OTHERS
 EDGE METAL




NOTES:
1. THIS DETAIL SHOWS ONE TYPE OF GUTTER SUPPORT. GUTTER SECUREMENT AND SUPPORT OPTIONS VARY.
2. SOLID SLATE RECOMMENDED AT RAKE EDGES AND VALLEYS.



 DETAIL NO.

 EAVE WITH GUTTER DETAIL BS-3
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

 © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com


 Page 130
BRAVA SLATE




 12" X 22" FIELD SLATE


 UNDERLAYMENT




 PE
 O
 SL




 3/16" GAP (TYP.)



 SOLID SLATE




 APPROX. 1" OVERHANG
 WITH L-TYPE DRIP
 EDGE METAL

 FASTENERS

 L- OR T-TYPE DRIP
 EDGE METAL




 DETAIL NO.

 RAKE DETAIL BS-4
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

  © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com


 Page 131
BRAVA SLATE




 ONE PIECE HIP & RIDGE CAPS
 -LOW: 4:12 OR LOWER
 -STANDARD: 5:12 - 10:12
 -STEEP: 11:12 OR HIGHER



 FASTENERS COVERED BY
 SUCCEEDING RIDGE CAP
 SLATE



 RIDGE VENT 10" MAX




 UNDERLAYMENT
 WRAPPED OVER
 RIDGE




 3/16" GAP (TYP.)




 DETAIL NO.

 RIDGE DETAIL BS-5
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE
 Page 132
  © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com
BRAVA SLATE




 8" STRIP OF SELF-ADHERING
 UNDERLAYMENT MEMBRANE
 WRAPPED
 OVER HIP




 HIP CAPS
 -LOW: 5:12 OR LOWER
 -STANDARD: 6:12 - 14:12
 -STEEP: 15:12 OR HIGHER




 SLATE FIELD




 10" MAX
 3/16" GAP (TYP.)




 DETAIL NO.

 HIP DETAIL BS-6
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE
 Page 133
 © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com
BRAVA SLATE



 LAP UNDERLAYMENT
 OVER FLASHING
 FLANGE

 STEP FLASHING

 BACKER FLASHING




 SKYLIGHT¾ TOP OF
 CURB MIN. 4" ABOVE
 ROOF SURFACE



 SEALANT




 SKYLIGHT FLANGE¾
 OVERLAP STEP
 3" MIN. APRON FLASHING APPROX. 2"
 FLASHING OR INSTALL
 COUNTERFLASHING
 TURN UP UNDERLAYMENT
 AT CURB

 3/16" GAP (TYP.)

 SLATE FIELD TILE


NOTES:
1. INSTALL CRICKET AT SKYLIGHTS WIDER THAN 30 INCHES.




 DETAIL NO.
 CURB-MOUNTED SKYLIGHT
 BS-12
 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE

 © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com


 Page 134
 St. Paul's Church
 Rectory Renovation

 CLIENT
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
 REV. ANDREW FAUST
 279 CONGRESS STREET
 PORTLAND MAINE 04101
 207.710.6484


 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT
 PETER LOFGREN
 119 ELTON STREET
 PROVIDENCE RI 02906
 617.388.4081
 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM



 CONTRACTOR
 GIL AGUILAR
 GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES
 31 CONGRESS STREET
 PAWTUCKET RI 02860
 401.413.7088



 CIVIL ENGINEER
 QWEN HASKELL, INC.
 PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS
 390 US RT 1
 UNIT 10
 FALMOUTH ME 04105
 207.774.0424




 RECTORY RENOVATION
 HISTORIC
 24 FEB 2026
 No




 REVISIONS:
 NO. DATE DESCRIPTION




 DRAWING NAME:


 GUTTER DETAILS



 DATE:

 SCALE:

 PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00

GUTTER SUPPORTS AT 3 FEET ON CENTER TYPICAL DRAWING NUMBER:




 A5.06
 Page 135
CITY OF PORTLAND
HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD
NOTICE OF DECISION

PROPERTY OWNER: St. Paul’s Parish Church (“Applicant”)
PROPERTY LOCATION: 279 Congress Street (“Property”)
PROJECT ID: HP-00061-2026
HISTORIC DESIGNATION(S): Local Landmark in the India Street Historic District

___________________________________

FINDINGS OF FACT & CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

 1. On February 23, 2026, the Applicant applied for approval of replacement of roofing, with a
 change in material at the Property.

 2. Pursuant to subsection 16.5.2 of the City of Portland Land Use Code (“Land Use Code”),
 the application required review and approval by the Historic Preservation Board (“Board”)
 against the standards for review of subsection 16.6 (“Standards”).

 3. On April 15, 2026 the Board held a Public Hearing to review the application for replacement
 of the rectory roof with a new material at the property under HP-00061-2026.

 4. Based on the written materials, oral testimony, staff memoranda, and public comment
 received during the public hearing held on April 15, 2026, the Board finds as follows:

Subsection 16.6.3 - Standards for review of alterations to contributing properties:

 Standard A. Compatible use
 When the use of a property is being changed, every reasonable effort shall be made to minimize
 the alteration of the character-defining features of the building, structure, object, or site.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a cover letter and drawings to demonstrate that the
 use of the rectory is not being changed. Additionally, the Board notes that the
 YES
 existing asphalt roofing is not an original material and is not a character-
 defining feature. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met.

 Standard B. Retain historic features
 The distinguishing original qualities or character of the building, structure, object, or site shall be
 retained and preserved. The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive
 architectural features should be avoided when possible.


 1

 Page 136
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description, drawings, and photos which
 together with staff research demonstrate that the existing roofing material is
 YES not original. Additionally, the Board notes that no other distinctive, historic
 architectural features are being removed or altered. Thus, the Board finds this
 standard has been met.

Standard C. Historical accuracy
The building, structure, object, or site shall be recognized as a product of its own time, place, and
use. Alterations that have no historical basis or create a false sense of historical development,
such as adding conjectural features or elements from other properties, shall not be undertaken.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description, photos, and drawings to
 demonstrate that installing a roof that appears to be slate would yield a
 building with a roof compatible with the adjoining church and with the period
 and style of the architecture. Staff notes there is no evidence that the roof of
 FOR BOARD the rectory has ever been covered with slate (the original roof appears to have
 DISCUSSION been wood shingles, according to Sanborn maps.) The applicants have pointed
 out that a house at 387 Spring Street, designed by a different architect two
 decades before the rectory is nonetheless in a very similar style, and it provides
 visual evidence of the compatibility of a slate roof with the rectory’s style and
 period. The Board should discuss whether this standard has been met.

Standard D. Acquired significance
Changes which may have taken place in the course of time are evidence of the history and
development of the building, structure, object, or site. Changes that have acquired significance in
their own right shall be retained and preserved.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description and drawings, which together
 with staff research demonstrate that the replacement of the original roof with
 the existing asphalt roofing is the primary past change that has affected the
 YES roof of the rectory. Additionally, the Board notes that it does not find that the
 asphalt roof is a change that has acquired significance. The Board further finds
 no other previous changes to the rectory that have acquired significance are
 being altered or removed. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met.

Standard E. Distinctive features
Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of skilled craftsmanship
which characterize the building, structure, object, or site shall be retained and preserved.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description, and drawings to demonstrate
 YES
 that no distinctive features, finishes, construction techniques, or examples of


 2

 Page 137
 skilled craftsmanship are being removed or altered. Thus, the Board finds this
 standard has been met.

Standard F. Repair rather than replace
Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced wherever feasible. Where
the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature
should match the feature being replaced in composition, design, texture, and other visual
qualities and, where possible, materials. Repair or replacement of missing historic features should
be based on accurate duplications of features, substantiated by documentary, physical, or
pictorial evidence.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description, drawings, and photos which,
 combined with staff research demonstrate that no significant historic features
 are proposed to be replaced. The Board notes that the proposed roof is not
  FOR BOARD therefore required to bear a strong visual resemblance to the existing asphalt
 DISCUSSION roof. The applicants point out that although slate has never covered the
 rectory in the past, slate roofing is visually compatible with the adjoining
 structure, and the proposed material exhibits a fairly strong resemblance to
 natural slate. The Board should discuss whether this standard has been met.

Standard G. Surface cleaning
The surface cleaning of the building, structure, or object, if appropriate, shall be undertaken with
the gentlest means possible. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause
damage to historic materials shall not be undertaken.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The Board finds this standard is not applicable to the proposed scope because
 NOT
 the applicant provided a project description and plans to demonstrate that no
  APPLICABLE
 surface cleaning is planned.

Standard H. Archaeological resources
Every reasonable effort shall be made to protect and preserve significant archaeological
resources affected by or adjacent to any project. If resources must be disturbed, mitigation
measures shall be undertaken.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The Board finds this standard is not applicable to the proposed scope because
 NOT
 the India Street Historic District designation materials do not identify
 APPLICABLE
 significant archaeological resources on this site.

Standard I. Differentiation and contemporary design
Alterations and additions shall not destroy the character-defining features of the building,
structure, object, or site. New work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible
with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the building, structure, object, or site.


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 Contemporary design for alterations and additions shall not be discouraged when such
 alterations and additions do not destroy significant materials or features that characterize the
 building, structure, object, or site.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project description and plans to demonstrate that
 although the proposed roof is not a similar material to the original rectory
 roof, it is compatible with the historic character of the building and the
 YES
 adjoining church. Additionally, the Board notes no character-defining features
 are being destroyed by the proposed alteration. Thus, the Board finds this
 standard has been met.

 Standard J. Reversibility
 Wherever possible, new additions or alterations to the building, structure, object, or site shall be
 undertaken in such a manner that, if such additions or alterations were to be removed in the
 future, the essential form and integrity of the building, structure, object, or site would be
 unimpaired.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The applicant provided a project summary and plans to demonstrate that only
 the roof and associated metal caps, valleys, and gutters are to be replaced.
 YES Additionally, the Board notes that these elements can be removed and / or
 replaced in the future without harming the essential form and integrity of the
 building. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met.

DECISION

By a vote of ___ to ___, the Board adopts the above findings of fact to support its
APPROVAL/CONDITIONAL APPROVAL/DENIAL of application HP-00061-2026 from April 15, 2026.


_________________________________________________ ___________________
Brad Miller, Chair Date




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STAFF MEMORANDUM
HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM
PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board
FROM: Evan R. Schueckler, Historic Preservation Program Manager
DATE: April 10, 2026
RE: 30 Atlantic Street – FIRST WORKSHOP – New Construction
PROJECT ID: HP--00068-2026
MEETING: April 15, 2026

Owner: Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones
Architect: Lauren Rosenberg, Lauren Rosenberg Architect, LLC

A sign announcing the Historic Preservation Board’s meeting on April 15, 2026 was posted at
the property on April 3, 2026, and 28 notices were sent to neighboring property owners within
100 feet of the subject property.

_________________________________________
PROJECT SCOPE

Construct new two-story gable-roofed single-family house with associated gable-roofed garage.

House Dimensions: Garage Dimensions:
Overall Height: ~29’ 6” Overall Height: ~14’
Footprint: ~87’ X 22’ 6” Footprint: ~13’ X 24’

Material Specifications:
 House Garage
 Foundation Concrete Concrete
 Siding “Masonry tile” & cedar Cedar
 Trim Not specified Not specified
 Roofing Standing seam metal Standing seam metal
 Windows Aluminum-clad wood Aluminum-clad wood
 Doors Not specified Not specified

_________________________________________




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SUMMARY OF HISTORIC CONTEXT




 Figure 1: Map of the Munjoy Hill Historic District showing location of 30 Atlantic Street with yellow
 star.

Munjoy Hill is a dense historic neighborhood with a blend of vernacular, working-class
architecture and a number of grand, high-style houses which primarily face onto the Eastern
Promenade. There are also a small number of commercial and institutional buildings scattered
throughout.

Early in Portland’s development, Munjoy Hill was sparsely populated with only a few houses
located at the western base of the hill, closer to the waterfront. Other than the area occupied
by the Portland Observatory and its attendant structures (constructed in 1807), the majority of
the Hill was privately maintained as open-space for the pasturing of cows. The original Tukey’s
Bridge, constructed in 1796, connected the eastern end of the Portland peninsula to the
mainland and prompted the laying out of Washington Avenue. Development on the hill
remained slow-going early in the nineteenth century. Regardless, in 1836 the City of Portland
purchased the lands along the edge of the peninsula that would eventually become the Eastern
promenade in response to the increasing development. The earliest houses, of which only a few
survive, were generally very modest one- to two-story wood-frame capes.




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 Figure #: An example of an early, though somewhat altered, cape type house, which would have been
 common in the early- to mid-nineteenth century (7 Lafayette Street).

Development picked-up pace in the mid-nineteenth century with the founding of the Atlantic
and St. Lawrence Railroad in 1845 and the Portland Company in 1847. Jobs at the Portland
Company in particular, at the base of Munjoy Hill and along the waterfront, created the need
for working-class housing in close proximity. The undeveloped tracts on Munjoy Hill provided
ample space for that growth. Homes from the mid nineteenth century were often built in the
vernacular Greek Revival style, featuring highly symmetrical façades and austere classically-
inspired details.




 Figure #: An example of a more ornate asymmetrical gable-fronted Greek Revival (8 Sherbrook Street).

In the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1866, Portland found itself in dire need of additional
housing and significant development occurred on Munjoy Hill. This was fueled by subdivision of
the remaining large tracts of land and the arrival of horse-drawn (and later electric) streetcars,
which made the easternmost ends of the peninsula easily accessible to downtown Portland. In


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this late-nineteenth century era, the scale of buildings increased, with many two- to three-
family Italianate and Second Empire structures being built. This dense mode of development
was further fueled by an influx of immigrants in the early-twentieth century. The demand for
housing led to the advent of the now ubiquitous triple-deckers which dominate the
easternmost ends of Munjoy Hill. These large frame structures can be found dressed in various
architectural styles that were popular from the 1880s into the 1910s.




 Figure #: A typical street showing examples of triple-deckers and Italianate duplexes (82, 84, 86, & 88
 Beckett).

This same era also saw increased interest in the expansive views and beauty of the Eastern
Promenade by Portland’s wealthiest residents. A number of grand single-family homes were
built along the Promenade in the Italianate, Second Empire, Shingle, and Queen Anne styles.
This development in the very early-twentieth century solidified the Eastern Promenade
streetscape as we know it today.




 Figure #: An example of grant Queen Anne style house facing onto the Eastern Promenade (140
 Eastern Promenade).


 4

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Munjoy Hill has a long history of development and features highly varied architectural
expressions across buildings. Many buildings also feature historical alterations, as past owners
tried to update Capes or Greek Revival houses with Italianate or Queen Anne details, creating
varied and dynamic layers of history. Regardless of this diversity, there are a handful of unifying
features within the district. Construction is primarily of wood frame over brick or stone
foundations, with only a handful of primarily brick structures. Structures are typically
independent, but constructed densely, with tight driveways and side yards. Front yards are
typically extremely shallow, with proximity to the sidewalk being prioritized even on large lots.
Projecting bay windows or entry porches are often used to create additional variety along the
sidewalk. Windows are predominantly vertically oriented with varied placement on front and
side elevations.

The immediate vicinity of the proposed development is highly eclectic, reflecting the overall
diversity of the district’s architecture. There are several one-and-a-half story structures along
Atlantic, with 48 Atlantic being the most architecturally spectacular of them. Two-and-a-half-
story Greek revival and Italianates predominate, with a few second empire houses, triple-
deckers, and larger multi-unit buildings intersperse.




 Figure 4: 2023 google street views showing 48 Atlantic Street (left image, left), a spectacular low-scale
 Italianate house next to 52 Atlantic (left image, right), a typical two-and-a-half-story Italianate house.
 29 and 23 Atlantic (right image, left to right) are examples to austere two-and-a-half-story Greek
 revivals.




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 Figure 5: 2023 google street views showing 28 Atlantic Street (left), an example of high-style triple
 decker, and 55 Atlantic, an early fully brick three-story apartment built.

Additional information on the Munjoy Hill Historic District can be found on the city website:
https://www.portlandmaine.gov/1548/Historic-Designations

_________________________________________
STAFF COMMENTS

Generally, the overall size and form of the proposed house fits well within the range of sizes
and forms found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. Narrow, gable-fronted single- to three-
family homes are a common typology. In the case of this project, the applicant is emulating
those typologies in a very simple, contemporary design. While the size and form of the
proposed structure is readily compatible, the Board should consider how several key elements
relate to the context.

First, the Board should consider how the proposed pattern of fenestration, in particular at the
front façade, relates to the patterns of the district. The groupings of windows, such as are
proposed at the north corner of the house, are atypical of the context except for around bay
windows or other projections. The applicant has proposed a change in material at this area,
which is reminiscent of projecting bays; however, no shift in wall plane is proposed.
Additionally, the stand-alone windows at the front of the building are proposed to be shorter
than the others. Staff would recommend consideration of whether it would be more
appropriate for a consistent window height across the front façade.

Second, the Board should consider the placement and character of the proposed building’s
primary entrance. As proposed, the design seems to obscure the primary entrance, especially
given how far it is set back from the street and that it is hidden by a solid 6' solid privacy fence.
Generally, front doors are quite prominent, most commonly being located on the front of the
building, facing the street. Even in the not uncommon cases where front doors are located on
side elevations, they are typically called out through open porches that extend to the front


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facade or through prominent hoods or porches. Staff would recommend that the Board
consider whether the proposed entrance follows the patterns of entrance placement. If not,
staff would recommend exploring options to make the entrance more prominent such as
bringing the front entrance closer to the front of the building, incorporating a porch or covered
entry that extends much closer to the street, or the use of a lower and more transparent fence
to make the entrance more prominent to the street. The Board should consider examples of
other side-facing or setback entries provided by the applicant.

Third, the proposed tile cladding material is a new material that has not previously been
reviewed. The use of a masonry tile cladding does not have a direct precedent in the historic
context, but it does have a visual relationship with wood shingle siding, which is a common
material within the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The applicant is also proposing to use vertical
wood siding in selective areas of the house and on the garage. While wood siding is a common
material in the district, vertically oriented siding is less common, though it does help to
differentiate the building as a contemporary intervention. The Board should consider whether
the proposed cladding materials are sufficiently contextual to the Munjoy Hill Historic District.

_________________________________________
ANALYSIS OF APPLICABLE REVIEW STANDARDS

Subsection 16.6.4 - Standards for review of additions and new construction:

 Standard A. Scale and form
 1. Height
 The height of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the
 contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed
 from any street or public open space.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The proposed two-story height for the house is typical of the Munjoy Hill
 Yes Historic District. The proposed single-story height for the garage is typical of
 the Munjoy Hill Historic District.
 2. Width
 The width of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the
 contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed
 from any street or public open space.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The proposed widths of the house fits within the range of building widths
 found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The proposed widths of the garage,
 Yes
 which is narrower than the house, fits within the range of garage widths
 found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District.




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3. Proportion of principal facades
The relationship of the width to the height of the principal facades shall be visually compatible
with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when
viewed from any street or public open space.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The proposed vertically proportioned façades are typical of the Munjoy Hill
 Yes
 Historic District.
4. Roof shape
The roof shape of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the
contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed
from any street or public open space.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 Yes The proposed gabled roofs are typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District.
5. Scale
The size and mass of the addition or new construction in relation to open spaces, windows,
doors, porches, and balconies shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings,
structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public
open space.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 For Board The Board should discuss the relationship between the overall buildings and
 Discussion the openings and open spaces around them.

Standard B. Composition of principle facades
1. Proportion of openings
The relationship of the width to height of windows and doors shall be visually compatible with
the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The house is proposed to have vertically-proportioned windows, as are
 typical of primary buildings in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The garage is
 Yes
 proposed to have a slightly horizontally-proportioned door, as is also typical
 of garages in the Munjoy Hill Historic District.
2. Rhythm of solids to voids
The relationship of solids to voids in the principal facades shall be visually compatible with the
contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The house is proposed to have a primarily solid façade, with large windows
 regularly arranged as is typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District, though a
 group of windows is proposed to be located at one of the front corners.
 For Board Groupings of windows are sometimes found, especially around projecting
 Discussion bays. The Board should discuss whether the rhythm of solids and voids on
 the house is appropriately contextual to the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The
 garage is proposed to have a single door that occupies the majority of the
 front façade, as is typical of garages in the Munjoy Hill Historic District.


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3. Rhythm of entrances, porches, and other projections or recesses
The relationship of entrances, porches, and other projections or recesses to sidewalks shall be
visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic
designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The house is proposed to have a primary entry access from the side of the
 building, set well back from the street. Most buildings in the Munjoy Hill
 Historic District have primary entrances on the front of the building. It is also
 not uncommon for buildings to have entrances located on their side facades;
 however, in these instances the entrances are often highlighted with
 For Board
 distinctive entry surrounds or porches that extend to the street. The Board
 Discussion
 should discuss whether the proposed entrance placement and design is
 sufficiently compatible with the pattern of entrances in the Munjoy Hill
 Historic District. The garage is proposed to have a single car-door facing the
 street and a single person-door on the side as is typical of garages in the
 Munjoy Hill Historic District.
4. Relationship of materials
The relationship of the color and texture of materials (other than paint color) of the principal
facades shall be visually compatible with the predominant materials used on the contributing
buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The house is proposed to be clad primarily in a masonry tile laid in a regular
 shingle pattern. This particular material is not found in the Munjoy Hill
 Historic District; however, it does emulate the scale, pattern and texture of
 wooden shingles which are common throughout the district. A vertical cedar
 siding around a corner grouping of windows on the primary house and to
 For Board
 clad the garage. Vertical siding is not typical of the context, but the wood
 Discussion
 scale and material have a relationship with the wooden clapboard siding
 typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. It is also common for houses to
 exhibit a change in material around projecting bays. The Board should
 discuss whether the palette and arrangement of materials are sufficiently
 compatible with the Munjoy Hill Historic District.




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Standard C. Relationship to street
1. Walls of continuity
Facades and site features, such as masonry walls, fences, and landscape masses, shall, when it
is a characteristic of the context, form cohesive walls of enclosure along the street to ensure
visual compatibility with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the
historic designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The front façade of the house is proposed to align with the front facades of
 adjacent structures while maintaining a small side yard to the south and a
 wider yard for the driveway and garage to the north. The garage is proposed
 Yes
 to be set well back from the street as is typical of accessory structures. This
 reinforces the diffuse but consistent street wall typical of the Munjoy Hill
 Historic District.
2. Rhythm and spacing along streets
The relationship of the addition or new construction to the open space between it and
adjacent buildings, structures, objects, or sites shall be visually compatible with the
contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The placement of the house is proposed to maintain a narrow side yard to
 the south, and a wider side yard to the north. Many streets in the Munjoy
 Hill Historic District maintain a very regular pattern of structures and spaces,
 For Board
 with narrow yards for driveways to the side of each house, though the
 Discussion
 district does exhibit some variety in the widths and placement of side yards.
 The Board should discuss whether the proposed placement of the structures
 and side yards are compatible with the Munjoy Hill Historic District.
3. Directional expression of principal facades
The addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the directional character of
the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation, whether
this be vertical character, horizontal character, or nondirectional character.
Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The house is proposed to have a vertical proportions and siding with a
 Yes predominantly horizontal expression. This mixed directional expression is
 typical of structures in the Munjoy Hill Historic District.




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 4. Streetscape, pedestrian improvements
 Streetscape and pedestrian improvements and any change in the appearance thereof located
 adjacent to any addition or new construction shall not be incongruous with the contributing
 buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation.
 Standard Met? Staff Comments
 The site is proposed to have a modest front yard for landscaping and single-
 wide driveway approaching the garage, along with a path leading towards
 the front door. A solid six-foot-tall fence is proposed between the house and
 For Board
 garage blocking views of the primary building entrance. The Board should
 Discussion
 discuss whether the proposed site improvements along the street, in
 particular the solid fence in front of the door, are typical of the Munjoy Hill
 Historic District.

_________________________________________
ATTACHMENTS
 1. Project Description
 2. Drawings




 11

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  Re: Project description for Historic Preservation Application Submission



  Dear City of Portland Planning and Urban Development Department,
 M ARCH 23, 20 26
  The property of 30 Atlantic Street is currently a .12 acre vacant parcel on Munjoy Hill.

  The proposed project includes three separate structures: a main house (2983 square feet) ,
  detached 1-car garage, and detached sauna pavilion. From the street, the house (the
  principle structure) is justified on the left side of the property, measuring 18’ wide and
  extending to the rear setback. The house has a strong connection to the street and ensures
  continuity in the neighborhood. The house has a 9:12 standing seam gable roof. The
  facades are a combination of masonry tile and vertical cedar boards. The masonry tile is a
  timeless natural material that has a 100-year warranty and resembles traditional cedar
  shingles. The vertical boards connect a grouping of windows on the first and second levels,
  and will be stained to match the masonry tiles.

  The staircase on the left-side of the building protrudes out to allow for daylight to be
  brought into the staircase while maintaining privacy from the adjacent neighbor, and adding
  architectural interest from the street. The entry shares a similar language, yet by maximizing
  glazing: this emphasizes the entry, allows light into the house, provides a visual continuity
  between the front and back yard, and is visible from the street. A flat roof extends over the
  entry and garage roof, providing a covered “connection” between the house and the garage.

  From the street, the garage is justified on the right side of the property and is 13’ wide and
  set back 14’-6” from the house. The garage also has a 9:12 standing seam gable roof. The
  garage facade will be vertical cedar boards, aligning with the tonality of the main house
  masonry tile. A sauna pavilion anchors the far right rear of the property, forming a courtyard
  within the three buildings. The pavilion will also be clad with natural vertical cedar boarding
  and will be seasonally used. The structure is intended to “float” over the property and fully
  engage with the designed landscape.

  Thank you,
  Lauren Rosenberg




L A U R E N R O S E N B E R G A R C H I T E C T L L C L R A R C . C O M
 Page 151
 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T
 H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N
 04.07.2026




 OWNER
 Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones

 ARCHITECT
 LR/ARC

 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
 Matthew Cunningham Landscape Design

 CIVIL ENGINEER
 Acorn Engineering, Inc.

 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
 Albert Putnam Associates



												 								 LR/ARC
 Page 152
 SITE CONTEXT




 A
 T
 L
 A
 N
 T
 IC
 E
 D
 S A
 T N
 R E
 E
 E M
 T O
 R
 P
 N
 R
 E
 T
 S
 A
 E




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 STREETSCAPE




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 STREETSCAPE DIAGRAM




 WIDTH AND HEIGHT PROPORTIONAL
 TO S T R E E T S C A P E

 S TA C K E D B AY T W O - S TO RY E N T RY B U M P - O U T GABLE ROOF
 GABLE ROOF
 WINDOWS
 COVERED ENTRY SIDE ENTRANCE




 A L L U S I O N TO S TA C K E D B AY W I N D O W S RECESSED GARAGE



 VISUAL PRIVACY
 ( H I G H W I N D O W S I L L / E N T RY G AT E )




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 FIGURE GROUND DIAGRAM




 PRECEDENT BUILDINGS


 A # 5 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T


 B # 3 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T


 C # 2 7 M U N J OY S T R E E T


 D # 5 1 WAT E R V I L L E S T R E E T


 E # 3 4 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T


 F # 6 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T


 G # 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T




 CONSISTENT SETBACK FROM STREET




 MASSING AND BUILDING WIDTH
 CONSISTENT ALONG STREET




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 Page 156
 PRECEDENT IMAGES




 A # 5 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T

 GABLE ROOF




 S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E




 B # 3 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T



 GABLE ROOF



 SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM THE STREET




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 Page 157
 PRECEDENT IMAGES




 C # 2 7 M U N J OY S T R E E T

 GABLE ROOF


 T W O - S TO RY B U M P - O U T AT E N T RY




 S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E B E H I N D G AT E




 D # 5 1 W AT E R V I L L E S T R E E T




 VARIOUS WINDOW SIZES ON FRONT FACADE



 S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E




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 Page 158
 PRECEDENT IMAGES




 E # 3 4 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T

 GABLE ROOF


 SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM THE STREET




HISTORIC PRECEDENTS
* C U R R E N T LY D E M O L I S H E D / M A J O R LY R E N O V A T E D B U I L D I N G S




 F # 6 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T G # 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T


 GABLE ROOF

 GABLE ROOF SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM
 S T R E E T, B E H I N D G AT E

 T W O - S TO RY E N T RY
 BUMP-OUT ON SIDE OF
 BUILDING




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 Page 159
 8 prepared by Owen
 NEIGHBOR 1, Unit 10, Falmouth
 Chornyak-Jones 774.0424


 Residence 2. Existing conditio
 collected by: Matthe
 Design LLC, 411 Ma

 8
 30-32
 11 S I T E
 Atlantic Street
 Portland, Maine P L A N02108 / 366 Fore S
 - Tel: (617) 905.224

 3. True and current
 those indicated on t
 General Notes: verify true condition
 construction and no
 1. Existing conditions and topographic data are significant discrepa

 118 from a site plan of land dated 17 July 2025;
 prepared by Owen Haskell, Inc., 390 US-Route 4. Contractor shall

 PROPERTY LINE
 NEIGHBOR
 Chornyak-Jones
 1, Unit 10, Falmouth, ME 04105 - Tel: (207)
 774.0424
 utilities and services
 during construction.
 G G G G G
 Residence
 G G G G coordinate with DIG
 2. Existing conditions supplemented from data during construction
 FENCE
 LOW RETAINING WALL collected by: Matthew Cunningham Landscape contractor's expens
 30-32LLC,
 Design Atlantic
 411 MainStreet
 Street, Stoneham, MA


 118
 Portland,
 02108 Maine
 / 366 Fore  Street, Portland, ME 04101 5. Contractor shall
 5'-0"
 120 GRAVEL STORAGE
 SPACE 3'-6" 3'-0"
 - Tel: (617) 905.2246 landscape designer
 which may affect th
 3. True and current conditions may differ from in the drawings.
 BUILDING SETBACK General Notes:
 those indicated on the plan. Contractor shall
 verify true conditions in the field prior to 6. Contractor shall
 1. Existing conditions and topographic data are permits required for
 3'-0" construction and notify landscape designer of
 118 from a site plan of land dated 17 July 2025;
 significant discrepancies. local agencies, dep
 prepared by Owen Haskell, Inc., 390 US-Route other authorities ha
 SOAKE POOL NEIGHBOR 1, Unit 10, Falmouth, ME 04105 - Tel: (207)
 119
 MECHANICAL 4. Contractor shall verify location of any existing by the work.
 774.0424
 utilities and services and provide protection
 SOAKE PROPERTY LINE during construction. Contractor shall directly 7. All work shall be
 6'-0" 4'-0" POOL 2. Existing conditions supplemented from data Maine State Buildin
 coordinate with DIG Safe. Utilities damaged
 LF-1 G G G G G G G G G
 collected by: Matthew Cunningham Landscape
 during construction shall be repaired at 7

 ATLANTIC STREET
 9 FENCE Design LLC, 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA
 contractor's expense. 11
 8. Contractor shall
 11
 STONE PATIO LOW RETAINING WALL

 118
 2'-6" 02108 / 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 during all phases of
 - Tel: (617) 905.2246
 LF-1 5. Contractor shall contact and inform client and Remove from the si
 10'-0"
 RE-ALIGNED

 120
 6'-0" GARAGE
 5'-0" GRAVEL STORAGE
 landscape esigner to any unforeseen conditions debris, and equipm
 ENTRY DRIVE
 3. True and current conditions may differ from approved location.
 SPACE 3'-6" 3'-0" which may affect the intended design as set forth
 those indicated on the plan. Contractor shall
 SAUNA in the drawings.
 BUILDING SETBACK verify true conditions in the field prior to 9. Do not scale dra
 construction and notify landscape designer of
 6. Contractor shall secure any necessary
 significant discrepancies.
 3'-0" permits required for the work from any state or 10. All angles are a
 local agencies, departments, utility companies or unless otherwise st
 4. Contractor shall verify location of any existing
 SOAKE POOL 10'-0" other authorities having jurisdiction and affected
 utilities and services and provide protection
 119
 MECHANICAL by the work.

 118
 PROPERTY LINE during construction. Contractor shall directly
 LF-1
 6'-0"1'-0" G G G G G coordinate with DIG Safe. Utilities damaged
 SOAKE G G G G 7. All work shall be in in accordance with the
 4'-0" POOL FENCE
 during construction shall be repaired at
 Maine State Building Code.
 LF-1 LOW RETAINING WALL 1'-0"
 contractor's expense.
 7

 ATLANTIC STREET
 9 5'-0"
 11 8. Contractor shall leave site clean and orderly
 11
 STONE PATIO 2'-6" 3'-0" 5. Contractor shall contact and inform client and

 120
 during all phases of the construction process.
 5'-0" 3'-0" STONE WALK landscape designer to any unforeseen conditions
 Remove from the site all excess materials, soils,
 6'-0" LF-1 GRAVEL STORAGE
 3'-6" GARAGE 3'-0" 10'-0"
 RE-ALIGNED which may affect the intended design as set forth
 SPACE ENTRY DRIVE debris, and equipment. Store materials only in an
 in the drawings.
 BUILDING SETBACK approved location.
 SAUNA 6'-9" 6. Contractor shall secure any necessary
 FENCE
 9. Do not scale drawings.




 BUILDING SETBACK
 permits required for the work from any state or
 7'-6" 3'-0" 3'-0"
 K




 PROPERTY LINE
 local agencies, departments, utility companies or




 BUILDING SETBAC
 STONE WALK 10. All angles are assumed to be 90 degrees
 other authorities having jurisdiction and affected




 PROPERTY LINE
 SOAKE POOL unless otherwise stated.
 3'-0"
 119
 MECHANICAL by the work.
10'-0" STEP STEP
 2'-6"
 118
 SOAKE 7. All work shall be in in accordance with the
 1'-0" 6'-0" 4'-0" POOL LF-1 Maine State Building Code.
 LF-1
 7

 ATLANTIC STREET
 9 11 8. Contractor shall leave site clean and orderly
 11
 STONE PATIO 2'-6" 1'-0" during all phases of the construction process.
 5'-0"
 3'-0" Remove from the site all excess materials, soils,
 LF-1 10'-0"
 RE-ALIGNED
 6'-0"
 3'-0" STONE WALK
 GARAGE
 ENTRY DRIVE debris, and equipment. Store materials only in an
 11
 SAUNA RESIDENCE
 approved location.
 6
 9. Do not scale drawings.
 6'-9"
 117

 BUILDING SETBACK
 8
 10. All angles are assumed to be 90 degrees
 7'-6" 3'-0"




 RE-BULT RETAINING WALL
 K




 PROPERTY LINE
 11
 unless otherwise stated.




 BUILDING SETBAC
 STONE WALK
10'-0"
 3'-0"

 118
 1'-0" STEP LF-1 STEP
 2'-6"
 1'-0"
 5'-0"
 3'-0"
 3'-0" STONE WALK

 11
 6'-9"
 RESIDENCE 6


 BUILDING SETBACK
 7'-6" 3'-0" DR
 K




 PROPERTY LINE
 D
 117

 BUILDING SETBAC
 8 STONE WALK

 11 STEP STEP
 3'-0"

 2'-6"
 W
 W


 BRICKS REMOVED
 116
 2'-2"
 117
 411 Main Stre
 BUILDING SETBACK
 11 366 Fore Stre
 RESIDENCE 6 11 617.905.224
 5'-0"
 GRAVEL ACCESS
 PINE DUFF PATH 5 REVISIONS:
 G
 117
 G G G
 AREA G G G G G G G G G G G G G
 #: DATE: DESC
 8
 G G G G
 DR G


 11
 D


 PROPERTY LINE
 W
 W


 BRICKS REMOVED
 116
 2'-2" BUILDING SETBACK 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA 02180
 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 SCALE: 1/4"=1'-0"
7 11 617.905.2246 p | 617.321.4014 f
 5'-0"
 GRAVEL ACCESS
 PINE DUFF PATH 5 REVISIONS:
 DR
 D G G G
 AREA G
 G G G G NEIGHBOR
 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G
 #: DATE: DESCRIPTION:
 0'

 SHEET TITLE:
 PROPERTY LINE W
 W


 BRICKS REMOVED
 116
 Landsca
 2'-2" BUILDING SETBACK 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA 02180
 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101
7 11 617.905.2246 p | 617.321.4014 f
 5'-0"
 GRAVEL ACCESS
 PINE DUFF PATH 5 SCALE: 1/4"=1'-0"
 REVISIONS:
 DATE: 06 April 2026


 G G G G SHEET NUMBER:
 AREA G
 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G
 #: DATE: DESCRIPTION:




 S
 NEIGHBOR
 0' 4' 8' 16'
 PROPERTY LINE
 SHEET TITLE:
 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T 							 H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 		 LR/ARC
 Page 160 FOR PER
 Landscape Site Plan
 FIRST FLOOR PLANS




 G A R A G E


 S A U N A
 ( F F E : 12 0 ' - 6 " )




 E N T R Y
 ( F F E : 12 0 ' - 0 " )




 H A L L




 SITTING R O O M
 B E D R O O M 1

 M U D R O O M L A U N D R Y



 S C U L L E R Y

 K IT C HE N B A T H 1
 D



 W
 ST A IR




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 Page 161
 SECOND FLOOR PLAN




 H A L L




 H A L L




 P R IMA R Y B E D R O O M
 B E D R O O M 2



 P R I M A R Y
 W C C L O S E T




 B A T H 2
 P R I M A R Y
 B A T H R O M




 ST A IR




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 Page 162
 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om




 P AV I L I O N E L E V AT I O N S
 SB SA SB SA S2 S1 S2 S1


 laur en r osenber g architect llc
 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A
 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2
 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om




 SB SA SB SA S2 S1 S2 S1




E V A T ION 1
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION
 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "




 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T
 A T LA NT IC 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T
E V A T ION 1
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION
1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "




 N O R T H E L E V AT I O N W E S T E L E V AT I O N




 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1
 A T LA NT IC



 SA SB SA SB S1 S2 S1 S2




 SA SB SA SB S1 S2 S1 S2




E V A T ION 3
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 4
 E A S T E L E V A T ION 4
 E A S T E L E V A T ION
 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "


 S O U T H E L E V AT I O N E A S T E L E V AT I O N
 PAVILION
 ELEVATIONS
 SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
 DATE: 3/ 17/ 26




E V A T ION S O U T H E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION
1' - 0 "
 3
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "
 4
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "
 4
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "
 A-204


 PAVILION
 ELEVATIONS
 SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
 DATE: 3/ 17/ 26




 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T 							 H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 		 LR/ARC
 Page 163 A-204
 G A R A G E E L E V AT I O N S


 laur en r osenber g architect llc
 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A
 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2
 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om
 GB GB GA GA G2 G2 G1 G1




 laur en r osenber g architect llc
 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A
 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2
 12 12 12 12
 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om
 GB 9 9 GB GA 9 9 GA G2 G2 G1 G1




 12 12 12 12

 9 9 9 9




 116 116




 116 116




 1
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 1
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "




 3 0 A T L A N T I C S3T0R AE TE LT A N T I C S T R E E T




 A T LA NT I
 A CT L A N T I C
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION N O R T H E L E V AT I O N
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION W E S T E L E V AT I O
 W E S T E L E V A T ION W EN
 S T E L E V A T ION
 1 1 2 2
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "




 P O R T L A N D , M AP IO
 NRE T0L 4A10N D1, M A I N E 0 4 10 1
 GA GA GB GB G1 G1 G2 G2




 12 12 12 12

 GA 9 9 GA GB 9 9 GB G1 G1 G2 G2




 12 12 12 12

 9 9 9 9




 D04 D04




 S O U T H E L E V AT I O N E A S T E L E V AT I O N
 3
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 3
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 4
 E A S T E L E V A T I OD04
 N 4
 E A S T E L E V A T I OD04
 N
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "




 GA RA GE
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION S O U T H E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION ELEVATIONS
 3 3 4 4
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
 DATE: 3/ 17/ 26



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 Page 164 GA RA GE
 A-203
 ELEVATIONS
 H O U S E E L E V AT I O N S




 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T




 D C B A A B C D



 T.O. R I D G E T.O. R I D G E
 E L E V .= 28'-0" 12 12 E L E V .= 28'-0"
 12 12
 9 9
 9 9


 laur en r osenber g architect llc
 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A
 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2
 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om




 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"




 208 207
 215 214




 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "




 107 106

 114 113




 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R )
 E L E V .= 0'-0" E L E V .= 0'-0"




 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T




 A T LA NT IC
 1
 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 1
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "



 N O R T H E L E V AT I O N S O U T H E L E V AT I O N


 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1
 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T




 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0



 T.O. R I D G E
 E L E V .= 28'-0"




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 Page 165 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"
 30 ATLAN
 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T




 A B C D
 A T L
 P OR T L A ND,
 T.O. R I D G E
 H O U S E E L E V AT I O N S
 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T

 12 12 E L E V .= 28'-0"
 9 9

 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
 laur en r osenber g archite
 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET
 PO R T L A ND, MA INE 0
 T.O. R I D G E 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r
 E L E V .= 28'-0"




 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"




 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"

 215 214




 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 206
 205 204 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "
 217 216



 202


 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "




 114 113




 105 104 103
 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R )
 E L E V .= 0'-0"
 115 114




 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T
 D02
 102




 A T LA NT IC
 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R )

 1
 S O U T H E L E V A T ION E L E V .= 0'-0" MA IN HOUSE
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " ELEVATIONS
 SCALE: 3/8" = 1'-0"
 DATE: 3/ 17/ 26


 2
 W E S T E L E V A T ION




 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1
 W E S T E L E V AT I O N
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "



 A-20
 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T




 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0



 T.O. R I D G E
 E L E V .= 28'-0"




 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"




 213 210




 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "




 112 110 109 108




 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R )
 E L E V .= 0'-0" MA IN HOUSE
 ELEVATIONS
 SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
 DATE: 3/ 17/ 26


 2 E A S T E L E V AT I O N
 E A S T E L E V A T ION
 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 "


3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T 							 H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 		 LR/ARC A-20
 Page 166
 RENDERINGS




 VIEW FROM STREET




 V I E W F R O M C O U R T YA R D




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 Page 167
 P R O P O S E D M AT E R I A L S




 MASONRY TILE | GLEN-GERY SK1N VERTICAL CEDAR BOARDING S TA N D I N G S E A M M E TA L R O O F - G A LV A L U M E



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 Page 168
 PROPOSED DOOR/WINDOW




 M A R V I N U LT I M A T E MARVIN MODERN
 casement/fixed multislide door




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 Page 169
 2 8 2 6
 NOTE: SEE ST R UC T UR A L METAL SILL PAN W IT H
 2 2 2 2 2 2 F OR HE A DE R SIZING BA C K DA M. DO NOT
 SET IN SE A L A NT
 2 8 2 6
 EX T ENT OF BOA R DING
 WMETAL
 R A P GRSILL
 A C EPAN
 ICEWAIT
 NDH
 2 2 2 NOT E: SEE ST R UC T UR A L 2 2 2 WATERBA  C K LDA
 SHIE D M.
 ONT DO NOT
 SILL
AY


 P R O P O S E D B U I L D I N G D E TA I L S
 F OR HE A DE R SIZING SET IN SE A L A NT EX T ENT OF TR IM
 N ALL
 EX T ENT OF BOA R DING
 EX T ENT OF F L OOR ING
 W R A P GR A C E ICE A ND 2x SILL, P IT CHED TO
AY NOT E: SEE ST R UC T UR A L WATER SHIE L D ONT O SILL DR A IN
 N ALL F OR HE A DE R SIZING EX T ENT OF TR IM
 SEA L F L A SHING TO
 SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP OF V P 10 0 EX T ENT OF F L OOR ING T .O. S U B F L O O R A T F IR S T F L O O R
 SE L F -A DHE R E D ME MB R A NE 2x SILL, P IT E
 CHED
 L E VTO
 .= 2 1' - 0 "
 DR A IN
 SEA L C OP P E R F L A SHING




 3 0 A T3L0A A
 N TT ILC
 A NSTTI R
 C ESETTR E E T
 SEA L F L A SHING TO TO SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP 2 6
 1 1/ 4" NOSE
 STARTER
 SHE A T HINGTR IM
 W IT H ST R IP OF V P 10 T .O. S U B F L O O R A T F IR S T F L O O R
 OF SE0L F -A DHE R E D
 SE L F -A DHE R E D ME MB R A NE BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D ME MB R A NE E L E V .= 2 1' - 0 "




 A T L
 AAT L
 NAT INCT I C
 10 10 10 10 10 10 SEA L C OP P E R F L A SHING 2 6 3/ 16" x 3/ 16" DR IP K ERF
 TO SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP 2 6
 NOSE
 AL UMINUMTRTRIMIM AT HE A D
 1 1/ 4"
 STARTER 1/
 OF4"SEVLENT
 F -AILA T R
 DHEIONE DGA P
 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 2 8 A ND JA MB S BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D
 2 6
 ME MB R A NE 1x K IC K BOA R D
 10 10 10 10 10 10
 2 6 3/ 16" x 3/ 16" DR IP K ERF
 A L UMINUM TR IM AT HE A D 1/ 4" V ENT ILA T ION GA P
 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 2 8 A ND JA MB S 2 6 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D
 1x K IC K BOA R D
 F L A SHING, TYP. D O NOT SEA L HE R E
 EX T ENT OF HA R DSC A P E




 P O R TPLOARNTDL, AMNADI ,N M
 E A0I 4N E
 10 1
 0 4 10 1
 DRYWALL R ET UR N AT C OP P E R HE A D F L A SHING,
 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D
 JA MBS A ND HE A D INT E R IOR BA C K E R TYP.
 F L A SHING, TYP. R OD A ND SE A L A NT D O NOT SEA L HE R E
 APPLY F L UID OV E R EX T ENT OF HA R DSC A P E
 INT E R IOR BA C K E R F L A NGE A ND ONT O F R A ME
 R OD A ND
 DRYWALL SEUR
 R ET A LNA NT
 AT C L OSED CELL SPRAY C OP P E R HE A D F L A SHING,
 F OA M INT
 INSUL AT HE A D A ND JA MBS
 JA MBS A ND HE A D E RA T
 IORION
 BAIN
 CKEALLR TYP.
 CAVITIES
 R OD  A ND ASERAOL A
 UNDNT
 C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M W I ND O W S APPLY F L UID OV E R 2 4
AT INT E
 INSUL A T ION INRALL
 IOR BA C K R
 CAVITIES F L A NGE A ND ONT O F R A ME
 ARROODUNDA NDWSE  AL
 IND OAWNTS C L OSED CELL SPRAY
 F OA M INSUL A T ION IN ALL AT HE A D A ND JA MBS
 CAVITIES A R O UND
 C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M W I ND O W S 2 4
AT INSUL A T ION IN ALL CAVITIES
 A R O UND W IND O W




 5 TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL 9 FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW SILL
 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 2 1/ 2" 2 1/ 2"

 TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW SILL
 T Y PSCALE:
 5
 I C A3"L= 1'-0"W I N D O W H E A D D E T A I L
 A-601
 9
 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 16 " S T A N D I N G S E A M M E T A L R O O F



 DR IP E D GE



 ICE A ND WATER SHIE L D O/ 5/8" R OOF SHE A T HING ICE A ND WATER SHIE L D O/ 5/8" R OOF SHE A T HING
 2 2 2 2 2

 16 " ST A NDING SE A M METAL R OOF 16 " ST A NDING SE A M METAL R OOF

 2


 3/4" TYP.
 EX T ENT OF BOA R DING
 DR IP E D GE DR IP E D GE SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD
 3/4" TYP.
 EX T ENT OF BOA R DING


 2 6
 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D
 T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E
 2 6
 SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD 12
 A L UMINUM SILL 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D 12 12 12 12
 T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE
 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP. HOL D BOA R DING D O W N 1/ 4"
 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8
 3/4" TYP. 12
 A L UMINUM SILL
 2 8 2 8 METAL HAT C HA NNE L
 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP. HOL D BOA R DING D O W N 1/ 4" 2 8 2 8
 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D 2 8 V P 10 0 W R A P S OV E R R.O. 2 8
 T IGHT TO HA R DW 3/4"
 A R E TYP.
 2 8 2 8
 C O NT INUO US BEA D OF F R A MING AS REQ 'D. F R A MING AS REQ 'D.
 5/4 W S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE SEA L A NT BE T W E E N F R A MING S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE
 1/O
 2"O D SILL,
 GYP. HE L
 BD., D
 TYP.
 T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E AP
 V  10 SHE
 ND  0 WRAA P S OVTYP.
 T HING, E R R.O.
 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL

 2x8 S T UD W A LL 2x8 S T UD W A LL
 C O NT INUO US BEA D OF A ND C EIL ING, TYP. A ND C EIL ING, TYP.
IC O NE P R IO R TO METAL HAT C HA NNE L SEA L A NT BE T W E E N F R A MING METAL HAT C HA NNE L
 INST A L L A T ION. 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP.
 A ND SHE A T HING, TYP.

 ( F IL L C A V I T I E S ( F IL L C A V I T I E S
 A ND R E M O V E
 E OUT .
 TYPICAL
 W IT H C C SP F ) W IT H C C SP F )
IC O NE P R IO R TO F R A MING AS REQ 'D. F R A MING AS REQ 'D.
 INST A L L A T ION.
 A ND R E M O V E
 W INDOW
 E OUT . 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL DETAILS
 TYPICAL
 A ND C EIL ING, TYP. A ND C EIL ING, TYP.
 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 W INDOW
 DATE: 4/6/26
 DETAILS
 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"

 TY
 6 PTYPICAL
 I C A L CASEMENT
 WINDO WDETAIL
 S I L@LMASONRY
 D E T ATILE
 I L WALL
 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L
 DATE: 4/6/26
 SILL 7 TYPICAL DIRECT GLAZED SILL DETAIL @ VERTICAL SIDING 10 W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SITTING ROOM
 A-601
 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"

 6 TYPICAL CASEMENT SILL DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL 7 TYPICAL DIRECT GLAZED SILL DETAIL @ VERTICAL SIDING 10 W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SITTING ROOM


 C A V IT IE S W IT H C C S P F ) C A V IT IE S W IT H C C S P F )
 A-601
 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"




 A L UMINUM TR IM
 C L OSED CELL SPRAY
 F OA M INSUL A T ION IN ALL
 EX T ENT OF MA SONR Y TILES CAVITIES A R O UND
 W I ND O W S

 INT E R IOR BA C K E R 2 8
 R OD A ND SE A L A NT




 1 TYPICAL EAVE DETAIL 1 TYPICAL EAVE DETAIL 2 TYPICAL RAKE DETAIL 2 TYPICAL RAKE DETAIL
 A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 T Y P I C A L E AV E D E TA I L A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 TYPICAL RAKE D E TA I L
 A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 2 8 laur en r ose
 2 2
 22 C U S H M
 PORTLAN
 2 8
 914 .4 7 5.6061




 6 6



 3/4"

 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D EP DM R OOF ME MBR A NE O/ EP DM R OOF ME MBR A NE O/ 2 6 2 6
 DRYWALL R ET UR N AT TAPERED INSUL A T ION, TAPE SEA MS. TAPERED INSUL A T ION, TAPE SEA MS.
 JA MBS A ND HE A D PITCH 1/ 4":1'-0" PITCH 1/ 4":1'-0"
 SILL BE L OW
 2 6 2 6
 C UR B TO RETAIN RIVER R OC K C UR B TO RETAIN RIVER R OC K



 T Y P I C A L W I N D O W J A M B D E TA I L 1' - 4 " 1' - 4 "
 F R A MING F R A MING
 TO TO
 F R A MING F R A MING
 TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL
 1 TYPICAL CASEMENT/AWNING W INDOW JAMB DETAIL 4
 @ FLUSH CONDITION 8 FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SECOND FLOOR
 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 A-601
 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T2 							
 8 2 8
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 NOTE: SEE ST R UC T UR A L
 F OR HE A DE R SIZING
 C




 12 T Y P IC A L R O O F A S S E MB L Y ( MA IN H O U S E )
 BUILDING/WALL SECTION
 ST A NDING S E A M MET A L R O O F
 9 IC E & W A T E R S HIE L D O R SIM.
 5/ 8" S H E A T H I N G
 R OOF T R USSES
 9 1/ 4 " M I N . C C S P F @ R O O F D E C K




 R OOF T R USSE S - SEE ST RUC T URA LS
 T.O. P L A T E ( UP P E R L E V E L )
 E L E V . = 2 0 ' - 10 "




 F R A MING A S REQ'D.




 D C B A




 T.O. R I D G E
 E L E V .= 28'-0"

 12 12


 9 9




 P R IMA R Y B E D R O O M



 E NGINE E R E D R OOF T R USSE S - SEE ST RUC T URA LS




 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L

 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R )



 C A V IT IE S W IT H C C P S F )
 E L E V . = 2 0 ' - 10 "




 12 ' - 10 1/ 2 "




 9'-0"

 T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G .
 C L O S E T




 T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G .
 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( UP P E R L E V E L )
 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "



 14 " D E E P J O I S T S - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S




 1' - 6 1/ 4 "
 T.O. P L A T E ( MA IN L E V E L )
 E L E V . = 10 ' - 2 "

 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R )
 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 "
 T Y P IC A L W A L L A S S E MB L Y ( MA IN H O U S E ) 14 " T J I s @ 16 " O . C . - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S 2 x 12 s @ 16 " O . C . -
 K IT C HE N SEE ST RUC T URA LS
 G L E N - G E R Y S K 1N T I L E S
 HA T C H A N N E L
 HYDROGAP
 1/ 2 " S H E A T H I N G
 2X8 ST UD WA L L ( CCSPF) T Y P . C E I L I N G : 1/ 2 D R Y W A L L
 O / 2 1/ 4 " S T R A P P I N G
 1/ 2 " D R Y W A L L / W O O D B O A R D I N G - S E E F I N . S C H E D U L E
 S E E F INISH S C H E D U L E
 F O R W A L L MA T ER IA L

 F L USH BA SE BOA R D




 9 ' - 10 1/ 2 "
 DA MP P R OOF ING
 3/4" W O O D F L O O R I NG O /
 3/4" S U B F L O O R

 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( MA IN L E V E L )
 E L E V .= 0'-0"

 M U D R O O M E N T R Y
 9.5" D E E P J O IS T S - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S




 T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G .
 GR O UND SLOPES AWAY
 F R O M W A L L AT 5 %



 CA P IL L A R Y BR E A K


 SEE ST R UCT UR A L S
 FOR CONNECTIONS 3"
 8"
 11"

 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R )
 E L E V .= 0'-0"
 C R A W L S P A C E 9 . 5 " T J I s @ 16 " O . C . - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S




 C R A W L S P A C E

 5'-5 3/ 4"
 SEE ST R UCT UR A L S F OR
 F OUNDA T ION INF OR MA T ION



 P OL Y ET HY L ENE V A P OR
 BA R R IER T UR NS UP WA LL

 T.O. S L A B ( C R A W L S P A C E ) T.O. F O O T I N G
 E L E V .= -6'-4" E L E V . = - 6 ' - 10 "




 4" P E R F O R A T E D D R A IN w / 3/ 4"
 CLEAN C R USHE D ST ONE ALL
 A R O U N D W R A P P E D IN F IL T E R
  TYPICAL WALL SECTION F A BR IC . D R A IN T O D A Y L IGHT
 TYPICAL BUILDING SECTION


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