Code review comment: not sure your meaning, `the union of targetColumns and all auto-increment key columns are all the table columns` this is not ture.

Code under review:
public static void analyze(InsertStmt insertStmt, ConnectContext session) {
        QueryRelation query = insertStmt.getQueryStatement().getQueryRelation();
        new QueryAnalyzer(session).analyze(insertStmt.getQueryStatement());

        List<Table> tables = new ArrayList<>();
        AnalyzerUtils.collectSpecifyExternalTables(insertStmt.getQueryStatement(), tables, Table::isHiveTable);
        tables.stream().map(table -> (HiveTable) table)
                .forEach(table -> table.useMetadataCache(false));

        /*
         *  Target table
         */
        Table table;
        if (insertStmt.getTargetTable() != null) {
            
            
            table = insertStmt.getTargetTable();
        } else {
            table = getTargetTable(insertStmt, session);
        }

        if (table instanceof OlapTable) {
            OlapTable olapTable = (OlapTable) table;
            List<Long> targetPartitionIds = Lists.newArrayList();
            PartitionNames targetPartitionNames = insertStmt.getTargetPartitionNames();

            if (insertStmt.isSpecifyPartitionNames()) {
                if (targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().isEmpty()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("No partition specified in partition lists",
                            targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                }

                List<String> deduplicatePartitionNames =
                        targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
                if (deduplicatePartitionNames.size() != targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().size()) {
                    insertStmt.setTargetPartitionNames(new PartitionNames(targetPartitionNames.isTemp(),
                            deduplicatePartitionNames, targetPartitionNames.getPartitionColNames(),
                            targetPartitionNames.getPartitionColValues(), targetPartitionNames.getPos()));
                }
                for (String partitionName : deduplicatePartitionNames) {
                    if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(partitionName)) {
                        throw new SemanticException("there are empty partition name", targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                    }

                    Partition partition = olapTable.getPartition(partitionName, targetPartitionNames.isTemp());
                    if (partition == null) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Unknown partition '%s' in table '%s'", partitionName,
                                olapTable.getName(), targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                    }
                    targetPartitionIds.add(partition.getId());
                }
            } else if (insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
                checkStaticKeyPartitionInsert(insertStmt, table, targetPartitionNames);
            } else {
                for (Partition partition : olapTable.getPartitions()) {
                    targetPartitionIds.add(partition.getId());
                }
                if (targetPartitionIds.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("data cannot be inserted into table with empty partition." +
                            "Use `SHOW PARTITIONS FROM %s` to see the currently partitions of this table. ",
                            olapTable.getName());
                }
            }
            insertStmt.setTargetPartitionIds(targetPartitionIds);
        }

        if (table.isIcebergTable() || table.isHiveTable()) {
            if (table.isHiveTable() && table.isUnPartitioned() &&
                    HiveWriteUtils.isS3Url(table.getTableLocation()) && insertStmt.isOverwrite()) {
                throw new SemanticException("Unsupported insert overwrite hive unpartitioned table with s3 location");
            }

            if (table.isHiveTable() && ((HiveTable) table).getHiveTableType() != HiveTable.HiveTableType.MANAGED_TABLE &&
                    !session.getSessionVariable().enableWriteHiveExternalTable()) {
                throw new SemanticException("Only support to write hive managed table, tableType: " +
                        ((HiveTable) table).getHiveTableType());
            }

            PartitionNames targetPartitionNames = insertStmt.getTargetPartitionNames();
            List<String> tablePartitionColumnNames = table.getPartitionColumnNames();
            if (insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames() != null) {
                for (String partitionColName : tablePartitionColumnNames) {
                    if (!insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames().contains(partitionColName)) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Must include partition column %s", partitionColName);
                    }
                }
            } else if (insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
                checkStaticKeyPartitionInsert(insertStmt, table, targetPartitionNames);
            }

            List<Column> partitionColumns = tablePartitionColumnNames.stream()
                    .map(table::getColumn)
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());

            for (Column column : partitionColumns) {
                if (isUnSupportedPartitionColumnType(column.getType())) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Unsupported partition column type [%s] for %s table sink",
                            column.getType().canonicalName(), table.getType());
                }
            }
        }

        
        List<Column> targetColumns;
        Set<String> mentionedColumns = Sets.newTreeSet(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
        if (insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames() == null) {
            if (table instanceof OlapTable) {
                targetColumns = new ArrayList<>(((OlapTable) table).getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn());
                mentionedColumns =
                        ((OlapTable) table).getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn().stream()
                            .map(Column::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            } else {
                targetColumns = new ArrayList<>(table.getBaseSchema());
                mentionedColumns =
                        table.getBaseSchema().stream().map(Column::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            }
        } else {
            targetColumns = new ArrayList<>();
            List<Column> autoIncrementKeyColumns = table.getBaseSchema().stream().filter(Column::isKey)
                    .filter(Column::isAutoIncrement).collect(Collectors.toList());
            int numSpecifiedKeyColumns = autoIncrementKeyColumns.size();
            for (String colName : insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames()) {
                Column column = table.getColumn(colName);
                if (column == null) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Unknown column '%s' in '%s'", colName, table.getName());
                }
                if (column.isGeneratedColumn()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("generated column '%s' can not be specified", colName);
                }
                if (!mentionedColumns.add(colName)) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Column '%s' specified twice", colName);
                }
                if (column.isKey() && !column.isAutoIncrement()) {
                    numSpecifiedKeyColumns++;
                }
                targetColumns.add(column);
            }
            if (table.isOlapTable()) {
                OlapTable olapTable = (OlapTable) table;
                if (olapTable.getKeysType().equals(KeysType.PRIMARY_KEYS)) {
                    if (numSpecifiedKeyColumns != olapTable.getKeysNum()) {
                        throw new SemanticException("should specify all key columns when insert to primary key table");
                    }
                    if (targetColumns.size() < olapTable.getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn().size()) {
                        insertStmt.setUsePartialUpdate();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!insertStmt.usePartialUpdate()) {
            for (Column column : table.getBaseSchema()) {
                Column.DefaultValueType defaultValueType = column.getDefaultValueType();
                if (defaultValueType == Column.DefaultValueType.NULL && !column.isAllowNull() &&
                        !column.isAutoIncrement() && !column.isGeneratedColumn() &&
                        !mentionedColumns.contains(column.getName())) {
                    StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
                    for (String s : mentionedColumns) {
                        msg.append(" ").append(s).append(" ");
                    }
                    throw new SemanticException("'%s' must be explicitly mentioned in column permutation: %s",
                            column.getName(), msg.toString());
                }
            }
        }

        int mentionedColumnSize = mentionedColumns.size();
        if ((table.isIcebergTable() || table.isHiveTable()) && insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
            
            mentionedColumnSize -= table.getPartitionColumnNames().size();
        }

        if (query.getRelationFields().size() != mentionedColumnSize) {
            throw new SemanticException("Column count doesn't match value count");
        }
        
        if (query instanceof ValuesRelation) {
            ValuesRelation valuesRelation = (ValuesRelation) query;
            for (List<Expr> row : valuesRelation.getRows()) {
                for (int columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < row.size(); ++columnIdx) {
                    Column column = targetColumns.get(columnIdx);
                    Column.DefaultValueType defaultValueType = column.getDefaultValueType();
                    if (row.get(columnIdx) instanceof DefaultValueExpr &&
                            defaultValueType == Column.DefaultValueType.NULL &&
                            !column.isAutoIncrement()) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Column has no default value, column=%s", column.getName());
                    }

                    AnalyzerUtils.verifyNoAggregateFunctions(row.get(columnIdx), "Values");
                    AnalyzerUtils.verifyNoWindowFunctions(row.get(columnIdx), "Values");
                }
            }
        }

        insertStmt.setTargetTable(table);
        if (session.getDumpInfo() != null) {
            session.getDumpInfo().addTable(insertStmt.getTableName().getDb(), table);
        }
    }

Line commented on: if (numSpecifiedKeyColumns != olapTable.getKeysNum()) {

Revised code:
public static void analyze(InsertStmt insertStmt, ConnectContext session) {
        QueryRelation query = insertStmt.getQueryStatement().getQueryRelation();
        new QueryAnalyzer(session).analyze(insertStmt.getQueryStatement());

        List<Table> tables = new ArrayList<>();
        AnalyzerUtils.collectSpecifyExternalTables(insertStmt.getQueryStatement(), tables, Table::isHiveTable);
        tables.stream().map(table -> (HiveTable) table)
                .forEach(table -> table.useMetadataCache(false));

        /*
         *  Target table
         */
        Table table;
        if (insertStmt.getTargetTable() != null) {
            
            
            table = insertStmt.getTargetTable();
        } else {
            table = getTargetTable(insertStmt, session);
        }

        if (table instanceof OlapTable) {
            OlapTable olapTable = (OlapTable) table;
            List<Long> targetPartitionIds = Lists.newArrayList();
            PartitionNames targetPartitionNames = insertStmt.getTargetPartitionNames();

            if (insertStmt.isSpecifyPartitionNames()) {
                if (targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().isEmpty()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("No partition specified in partition lists",
                            targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                }

                List<String> deduplicatePartitionNames =
                        targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
                if (deduplicatePartitionNames.size() != targetPartitionNames.getPartitionNames().size()) {
                    insertStmt.setTargetPartitionNames(new PartitionNames(targetPartitionNames.isTemp(),
                            deduplicatePartitionNames, targetPartitionNames.getPartitionColNames(),
                            targetPartitionNames.getPartitionColValues(), targetPartitionNames.getPos()));
                }
                for (String partitionName : deduplicatePartitionNames) {
                    if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(partitionName)) {
                        throw new SemanticException("there are empty partition name", targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                    }

                    Partition partition = olapTable.getPartition(partitionName, targetPartitionNames.isTemp());
                    if (partition == null) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Unknown partition '%s' in table '%s'", partitionName,
                                olapTable.getName(), targetPartitionNames.getPos());
                    }
                    targetPartitionIds.add(partition.getId());
                }
            } else if (insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
                checkStaticKeyPartitionInsert(insertStmt, table, targetPartitionNames);
            } else {
                for (Partition partition : olapTable.getPartitions()) {
                    targetPartitionIds.add(partition.getId());
                }
                if (targetPartitionIds.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("data cannot be inserted into table with empty partition." +
                            "Use `SHOW PARTITIONS FROM %s` to see the currently partitions of this table. ",
                            olapTable.getName());
                }
            }
            insertStmt.setTargetPartitionIds(targetPartitionIds);
        }

        if (table.isIcebergTable() || table.isHiveTable()) {
            if (table.isHiveTable() && table.isUnPartitioned() &&
                    HiveWriteUtils.isS3Url(table.getTableLocation()) && insertStmt.isOverwrite()) {
                throw new SemanticException("Unsupported insert overwrite hive unpartitioned table with s3 location");
            }

            if (table.isHiveTable() && ((HiveTable) table).getHiveTableType() != HiveTable.HiveTableType.MANAGED_TABLE &&
                    !session.getSessionVariable().enableWriteHiveExternalTable()) {
                throw new SemanticException("Only support to write hive managed table, tableType: " +
                        ((HiveTable) table).getHiveTableType());
            }

            PartitionNames targetPartitionNames = insertStmt.getTargetPartitionNames();
            List<String> tablePartitionColumnNames = table.getPartitionColumnNames();
            if (insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames() != null) {
                for (String partitionColName : tablePartitionColumnNames) {
                    if (!insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames().contains(partitionColName)) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Must include partition column %s", partitionColName);
                    }
                }
            } else if (insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
                checkStaticKeyPartitionInsert(insertStmt, table, targetPartitionNames);
            }

            List<Column> partitionColumns = tablePartitionColumnNames.stream()
                    .map(table::getColumn)
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());

            for (Column column : partitionColumns) {
                if (isUnSupportedPartitionColumnType(column.getType())) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Unsupported partition column type [%s] for %s table sink",
                            column.getType().canonicalName(), table.getType());
                }
            }
        }

        
        List<Column> targetColumns;
        Set<String> mentionedColumns = Sets.newTreeSet(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
        if (insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames() == null) {
            if (table instanceof OlapTable) {
                targetColumns = new ArrayList<>(((OlapTable) table).getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn());
                mentionedColumns =
                        ((OlapTable) table).getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn().stream()
                            .map(Column::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            } else {
                targetColumns = new ArrayList<>(table.getBaseSchema());
                mentionedColumns =
                        table.getBaseSchema().stream().map(Column::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            }
        } else {
            targetColumns = new ArrayList<>();
            Set<String> requiredKeyColumns = table.getBaseSchema().stream().filter(Column::isKey)
                    .filter(c -> !c.isAutoIncrement()).map(c -> c.getName().toLowerCase()).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            for (String colName : insertStmt.getTargetColumnNames()) {
                Column column = table.getColumn(colName);
                if (column == null) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Unknown column '%s' in '%s'", colName, table.getName());
                }
                if (column.isGeneratedColumn()) {
                    throw new SemanticException("generated column '%s' can not be specified", colName);
                }
                if (!mentionedColumns.add(colName)) {
                    throw new SemanticException("Column '%s' specified twice", colName);
                }
                requiredKeyColumns.remove(colName.toLowerCase());
                targetColumns.add(column);
            }
            if (table.isOlapTable()) {
                OlapTable olapTable = (OlapTable) table;
                if (olapTable.getKeysType().equals(KeysType.PRIMARY_KEYS)) {
                    if (!requiredKeyColumns.isEmpty()) {
                        String missingKeyColumns = String.join(",", requiredKeyColumns);
                        ErrorReport.reportSemanticException(ErrorCode.ERR_MISSING_KEY_COLUMNS, missingKeyColumns);
                    }
                    if (targetColumns.size() < olapTable.getBaseSchemaWithoutGeneratedColumn().size()) {
                        insertStmt.setUsePartialUpdate();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!insertStmt.usePartialUpdate()) {
            for (Column column : table.getBaseSchema()) {
                Column.DefaultValueType defaultValueType = column.getDefaultValueType();
                if (defaultValueType == Column.DefaultValueType.NULL && !column.isAllowNull() &&
                        !column.isAutoIncrement() && !column.isGeneratedColumn() &&
                        !mentionedColumns.contains(column.getName())) {
                    StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
                    for (String s : mentionedColumns) {
                        msg.append(" ").append(s).append(" ");
                    }
                    throw new SemanticException("'%s' must be explicitly mentioned in column permutation: %s",
                            column.getName(), msg.toString());
                }
            }
        }

        int mentionedColumnSize = mentionedColumns.size();
        if ((table.isIcebergTable() || table.isHiveTable()) && insertStmt.isStaticKeyPartitionInsert()) {
            
            mentionedColumnSize -= table.getPartitionColumnNames().size();
        }

        if (query.getRelationFields().size() != mentionedColumnSize) {
            throw new SemanticException("Column count doesn't match value count");
        }
        
        if (query instanceof ValuesRelation) {
            ValuesRelation valuesRelation = (ValuesRelation) query;
            for (List<Expr> row : valuesRelation.getRows()) {
                for (int columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < row.size(); ++columnIdx) {
                    Column column = targetColumns.get(columnIdx);
                    Column.DefaultValueType defaultValueType = column.getDefaultValueType();
                    if (row.get(columnIdx) instanceof DefaultValueExpr &&
                            defaultValueType == Column.DefaultValueType.NULL &&
                            !column.isAutoIncrement()) {
                        throw new SemanticException("Column has no default value, column=%s", column.getName());
                    }

                    AnalyzerUtils.verifyNoAggregateFunctions(row.get(columnIdx), "Values");
                    AnalyzerUtils.verifyNoWindowFunctions(row.get(columnIdx), "Values");
                }
            }
        }

        insertStmt.setTargetTable(table);
        if (session.getDumpInfo() != null) {
            session.getDumpInfo().addTable(insertStmt.getTableName().getDb(), table);
        }
    }