Document: SEC Filing

Company: Coca-Cola Co.
Ticker: KO
CIK: 21344
Form Type: 10-K
Filing Date: 2026-02-20
Accession Number: 0001628280-26-010047
Source: 10-K_2026-02-20_0001628280-26-010047.txt

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 
10-K

(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended
December 31
, 2025

OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 
001-02217

COCA COLA CO

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 58-0628465
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Coca-Cola Plaza
Atlanta, Georgia 30313
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 
(404)

676-2121

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.25 Par Value KO New York Stock Exchange
1.875% Notes Due 2026 KO26 New York Stock Exchange
0.750% Notes Due 2026 KO26C New York Stock Exchange
1.125% Notes Due 2027 KO27 New York Stock Exchange
0.125% Notes Due 2029 KO29A New York Stock Exchange
0.125% Notes Due 2029 KO29B New York Stock Exchange
0.400% Notes Due 2030 KO30B New York Stock Exchange
1.250% Notes Due 2031 KO31 New York Stock Exchange
3.125% Notes Due 2032 KO32 New York Stock Exchange
0.375% Notes Due 2033 KO33 New York Stock Exchange
0.500% Notes Due 2033 KO33A New York Stock Exchange
1.625% Notes Due 2035 KO35 New York Stock Exchange
1.100% Notes Due 2036 KO36 New York Stock Exchange
0.950% Notes Due 2036 KO36A New York Stock Exchange
3.375% Notes Due 2037 KO37 New York Stock Exchange
0.800% Notes Due 2040 KO40B New York Stock Exchange
1.000% Notes Due 2041 KO41 New York Stock Exchange
3.500% Notes Due 2044 KO44 New York Stock Exchange
3.750% Notes Due 2053 KO53 New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
__________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes
 
☒
    No 
☐
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes 
☐
   
No
 
☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
 
☒
    No 
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes
 
☒
    No 
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its         audit report.

☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the Registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the Registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). 
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes 
☐
   No 
☒
The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant (assuming for these purposes, but without conceding, that all executive officers and Directors are “affiliates” of the Registrant) as of June 27, 2025, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $
300,552,956,545
(based on the closing sale price of the Registrant’s Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of February 18, 2026 was
4,300,723,069
.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareowners are incorporated by reference in Part III.
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table of Contents
Page
Forward-Looking Statements 2
Part I
Item 1. Business 2
Item 1A. Risk Factors 12
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 26
Item 1C. Cybersecurity 26
Item 2. Properties 28
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 28
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 32
Item X. Information About Our Executive Officers 32
Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 34
Item 6. Reserved 35
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 35
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 58
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 60
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 124
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 124
Item 9B. Other Information 124
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections 124
Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 124
Item 11. Executive Compensation 124
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 124
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 124
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 125
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 125
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 135
Signatures 136

1
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains information that may constitute “forward-looking statements.” Generally, the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “will” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made. Our Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our Company’s actual results to differ materially from historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the possibility that the assumptions used to calculate our estimated aggregate incremental tax and interest liability related to the potential unfavorable outcome of the ongoing tax dispute with the United States Internal Revenue Service could significantly change; those described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report; and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Part I
ITEM 1.  BUSINESS
In this report, the terms “The Coca-Cola Company,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean The Coca-Cola Company and all entities included in our consolidated financial statements.
General
The Coca-Cola Company is a total beverage company, and beverage products bearing our trademarks, sold in the United States since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries and territories. We own or license and market numerous beverage brands, which we group into the following categories: Trademark Coca-Cola; sparkling flavors; water, sports, coffee and tea; juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages; and emerging beverages. We own and market several of the world’s largest nonalcoholic sparkling soft drink brands, including Coca-Cola, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Fanta and Diet Coke/Coca-Cola Light.
We make our branded beverage products available to consumers throughout the world through our network of independent bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers and retailers as well as our consolidated bottling and distribution operations. Beverages bearing trademarks owned by or licensed to the Company account for 2.2 billion of the estimated 65 billion servings of all beverages consumed worldwide every day.
We believe our success depends on our ability to connect with consumers by providing them with a wide variety of beverage options to meet their desires, needs and lifestyles. Our success further depends on the ability of our people to execute effectively, every day.
We are guided by our purpose, which is to refresh the world and make a difference. Our vision for the Company has three connected pillars:
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Loved Brands. We craft meaningful brands and a choice of drinks that people love and enjoy and that refresh them in body and spirit.
•
Done Sustainably. We grow our business with an aim to achieve positive change and build a more sustainable future.
•
For a Better Shared Future. We invest to improve people’s lives, from our employees to our suppliers and customers, to our investors, and to the communities we call home.
The Coca-Cola Company was incorporated in September 1919 under the laws of the State of Delaware and succeeded to the business of a Georgia corporation with the same name that had been organized in 1892.
Effective January 1, 2025, we sunset our Global Ventures operating segment to streamline and simplify our operating structure. The Global Ventures operating segment was established in 2019 primarily to oversee the Company’s ownership of Costa Limited (“Costa”), innocent and doğadan, as well as the fees earned pursuant to distribution coordination agreements between the Company and Monster Beverage Corporation (“Monster”). The results of the Costa (excluding the ready-to-drink business), innocent and doğadan businesses are now reported within the Company’s Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) operating segment. The results of Costa’s ready-to-drink business and the fees related to Monster are now reported within the applicable geographic operating segments.
2
Operating Segments
The Company’s operating structure is the basis for our internal financial reporting. Our operating structure includes the following operating segments:
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EMEA
•
Latin America
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North America
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Asia Pacific
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Bottling Investments
Additionally, our operating structure includes operating units, which sit under our four geographic operating segments. The operating units are focused on regional and local execution and are highly interconnected, with the goal of eliminating duplication of resources and scaling new products more quickly. The operating units work closely with the global marketing category leadership teams to stay close to the consumer, accelerate the impact of innovation, and better integrate the business end-to-end across markets.
Our operating structure also includes Corporate, which consists of two components: (1) a center focusing on strategic initiatives, policy, governance and scaling global initiatives, and (2) a platform services organization supporting the operating units, global marketing category leadership teams and the center by providing efficient and scaled global services and capabilities, including, but not limited to, transactional work, data management, consumer analytics, digital commerce and social/digital hubs.
For additional information about our operating segments and Corporate, refer to Note 20 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.
Except to the extent that differences among operating segments are material to an understanding of our business taken as a whole, the description of our business in this report is presented on a consolidated basis.
Products and Brands
As used in this report:
•
“concentrates” means flavorings and other ingredients which, when combined with water and, depending on the product, sweeteners (nutritive or non-nutritive) are used to prepare syrups or finished beverages, and includes powders/minerals for purified water products;
•
“syrups” means intermediate products in the beverage manufacturing process produced by combining concentrates with water and, depending on the product, sweeteners (nutritive or non-nutritive);
•
“fountain syrups” means syrups that are sold to fountain retailers, such as restaurants and convenience stores, which use dispensing equipment to mix the syrups with sparkling or still water at the time of purchase to produce finished beverages that are served in cups or glasses for immediate consumption;
•
“Company Trademark Beverages” means beverages bearing our trademarks and certain other beverages bearing trademarks licensed to us by third parties for which we provide marketing support and from the sale of which we derive an economic benefit; and
•
“Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages” or “Trademark Coca-Cola” means nonalcoholic beverages bearing the trademark Coca-Cola or any trademark that includes Coca-Cola or Coke (that is, Coca-Cola, Diet Coke/Coca-Cola Light and Coca-Cola Zero Sugar and all their variations and any line extensions, including caffeine free Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, etc.). Likewise, when we use the capitalized word “Trademark” together with the name of one of our other beverage products (such as “Trademark Fanta,” “Trademark Sprite” or “Trademark Simply”), we mean nonalcoholic beverages bearing the indicated trademark (that is, Fanta, Sprite or Simply, respectively) and all its variations and line extensions (such that “Trademark Fanta” includes Fanta Orange, Fanta Zero Orange, Fanta Zero Sugar, Fanta Apple, etc.; “Trademark Sprite” includes Sprite, Sprite Zero Sugar, etc.; and “Trademark Simply” includes Simply Orange, Simply Apple, Simply Grapefruit, etc.).
Our Company operates in two lines of business: concentrate operations and finished product operations.
Our concentrate operations typically generate net operating revenues by selling beverage concentrates, sometimes referred to as “beverage bases,” syrups, including fountain syrups, and certain finished beverages to authorized bottling operations (to which we typically refer as our “bottlers” or our “bottling partners”). Our bottling partners combine concentrates with still or sparkling water and sweeteners (depending on the product), or combine syrups with still or sparkling water, to produce finished
3
beverages. The finished beverages are packaged in authorized containers, such as cans and refillable and nonrefillable glass and plastic bottles, bearing our trademarks or trademarks licensed to us and are then sold to retailers directly or, in some cases, through wholesalers or other bottlers. In addition, outside the United States, our bottling partners are typically authorized to manufacture fountain syrups, using our concentrates, which they sell to fountain retailers for use in producing beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. Our concentrate operations are included in our geographic operating segments.
Our finished product operations generate net operating revenues by selling sparkling soft drinks and a variety of other finished beverages to retailers, or to distributors and wholesalers who in turn sell the beverages to retailers. Generally, finished product operations generate higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins than concentrate operations. These operations consist primarily of our consolidated bottling and distribution operations, which are included in our Bottling Investments operating segment. In certain markets, the Company also operates non-bottling finished product operations in which we sell finished beverages to distributors and wholesalers that are generally not one of the Company’s bottling partners. These operations are generally included in our geographic operating segments. Additionally, we sell directly to consumers through retail stores operated by Costa. These sales are included in our EMEA operating segment, regardless of the physical location of the retail stores. In the United States, we manufacture fountain syrups and sell them to fountain retailers, who use the fountain syrups to produce beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers or bottling partners who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. These fountain syrup sales are included in our North America operating segment.
For information regarding net operating revenues and unit case volume related to our concentrate operations and finished product operations, refer to the heading “Our Business — General” set forth in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report.
For information regarding how we measure the volume of Company beverage products sold by the Company and our bottling partners (“Coca-Cola system”), refer to the heading “Operations Review — Beverage Volume” set forth in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this report.
We own and market numerous valuable beverage brands, including the following:
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sparkling soft drinks: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke/Coca-Cola Light, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Fanta, Fresca, Schweppes
1
, Sprite and Thums Up;
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water, sports, coffee and tea: Aquarius, Ayataka, BODYARMOR, Ciel, Costa, Crystal, Dasani, Fuze Tea, Georgia, glacéau smartwater, glacéau vitaminwater, Gold Peak, I LOHAS, Powerade and Topo Chico; and
•
juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages: Core Power, Del Valle, fairlife, innocent, Maaza, Minute Maid, Minute Maid Pulpy, Santa Clara and Simply.
1
Schweppes is owned by the Company in certain countries other than the United States.
The Company has also directly entered the alcohol beverage category in numerous markets outside the United States. In the United States, the Company has established a wholly owned, indirect, firewalled subsidiary, which uses third-party manufacturers and distributors to produce, distribute and sell alcohol products in the United States and also authorizes alcohol-licensed third parties to use certain of our trademarks and related intellectual property on alcohol beverages that contain Company beverage bases. The Company’s approach in alcohol focuses on three segments of alcohol ready-to-drink beverages: pre-mixed cocktails (e.g., Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola), flavored alcohol beverages (e.g., Lemon-Dou) and hard seltzers (e.g., Topo Chico Hard Seltzer).
In addition to the beverage brands we own, we also provide marketing support and otherwise participate in the sales of other beverage brands through licenses, joint ventures and strategic relationships. For example, certain Coca-Cola system bottlers distribute certain brands of Monster, primarily Monster Energy, in designated territories in the United States, Canada and other international territories pursuant to distribution coordination agreements between the Company and Monster and related distribution agreements between Monster and Coca-Cola system bottlers.
Consumer demand determines the optimal menu of Company product offerings. Consumer demand can vary from one market to another and can change over time within a single market. Our Company continually seeks to further optimize its portfolio of brands, products and services in order to create and satisfy consumer demand in every market.
4
Distribution System
We make our branded beverage products available to consumers in more than 200 countries and territories through our network of independent bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers and retailers as well as our consolidated bottling and distribution operations. For information about geographic and customer data, refer to Note 20 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report.
Consumers enjoy finished beverage products bearing trademarks owned by or licensed to the Company at a rate of 2.2 billion servings each day. Our strong and stable bottling and distribution system helps us capture growth by manufacturing, distributing and selling existing, enhanced and new innovative products to consumers throughout the world.
The Coca-Cola system sold 33.8 billion and 33.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2025 and 2024, respectively. Sparkling soft drinks represented 69% of our worldwide unit case volume in both 2025 and 2024. Trademark Coca-Cola accounted for 47% of our worldwide unit case volume in both 2025 and 2024. In 2025, unit case volume in the United States represented 16% of the Company’s worldwide unit case volume. Of the U.S. unit case volume, 61% was attributable to sparkling soft drinks. Trademark Coca-Cola accounted for 42% of U.S. unit case volume. Unit case volume outside the United States represented 84% of the Company’s worldwide unit case volume in 2025. The countries outside the United States in which our unit case volumes were the largest were Mexico, China, Brazil and India, which together accounted for 33% of our worldwide unit case volume. Of the non-U.S. unit case volume, 70% was attributable to sparkling soft drinks. Trademark Coca-Cola accounted for 48% of non-U.S. unit case volume.
Our five largest independent bottling partners based on unit case volume in 2025 were as follows:
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Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V. (“Coca-Cola FEMSA”), which has bottling and distribution operations in

Mexico (a substantial part of central Mexico, as well as southeast and northeast Mexico), Guatemala, Colombia (most of the country), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Uruguay, Brazil (a major part of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais; the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina; and part of the states of Goiás and Rio de Janeiro), and Argentina (federal capital of Buenos Aires and surrounding areas);
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Coca-Cola Europacific Partners plc (“CCEP”), which has bottling and distribution operations in Andorra, Australia, Belgium, continental France, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, Norway, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Portugal, Spain and Sweden;
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Coca-Cola HBC AG (“CCHBC”), which has bottling and distribution operations in Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Northern Ireland, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine;
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Arca Continental, S.A.B. de C.V., which has bottling and distribution operations in northern and western Mexico, northern Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, and the state of Texas and part of the states of New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arkansas in the United States; and
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Swire Coca-Cola Limited, which has bottling and distribution operations in 11 provinces and the Shanghai municipality in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and territories in 13 states in the western United States.
In 2025, these five bottling partners combined represented 44% of our total worldwide unit case volume.
Being a bottler does not create a legal partnership or joint venture between us and our bottlers. Our bottlers are independent contractors and are not our agents.
Bottler’s Agreements
We have separate contracts, to which we generally refer as “bottler’s agreements,” with our bottling partners under which our bottling partners are granted certain authorizations by us. Subject to specified terms and conditions and certain variations, the bottler’s agreements generally authorize the bottlers to prepare, package, distribute and sell Company Trademark Beverages in authorized containers in (but, subject to applicable local law, generally only in) an identified territory. The bottler is obligated to purchase its entire requirement of concentrates or syrups for the designated Company Trademark Beverages from the Company or Company-authorized suppliers. We typically agree to refrain from selling or distributing, or from authorizing third parties to sell or distribute, the designated Company Trademark Beverages throughout the identified territory in the particular authorized containers. However, we typically reserve for us or our designee the right (1) to prepare and package such Company Trademark Beverages in such containers in the territory for sale outside the territory; (2) to prepare, package, distribute and sell such Company Trademark Beverages in the territory in any other manner or form (territorial restrictions on bottlers vary in some cases in accordance with local law); and (3) to handle certain key accounts (accounts that cover multiple territories).
5
While under most of our bottler’s agreements we generally have complete flexibility to determine the price and other terms of sale of the concentrates and syrups we sell to our bottlers, as a practical matter, our Company’s ability to exercise its contractual flexibility to determine the price and other terms of sale of concentrates and syrups is subject, both outside and within the United States, to competitive market conditions. However, in an effort to allow our Company and our bottling partners to grow together through shared value, aligned financial objectives and the flexibility necessary to meet consumers’ always changing needs and tastes, we have implemented an incidence-based concentrate pricing model in most markets. Under this model, the concentrate price we charge is impacted by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, bottler pricing, the channels in which the finished products produced from the concentrates are sold, and package mix.
As further discussed below, our bottler’s agreements for territories outside the United States differ in some respects from our bottler’s agreements for territories within the United States.
Bottler’s Agreements Outside the United States
Bottler’s agreements between us and our authorized bottlers outside the United States generally are of stated duration, subject in some cases to possible extensions or renewals. Generally, these bottler’s agreements are subject to termination by the Company following the occurrence of certain designated events, including defined events of default and certain changes in ownership or control of the bottlers. Most of the bottler’s agreements in force between us and bottlers outside the United States authorize the bottlers to manufacture and distribute fountain syrups, usually on a nonexclusive basis.
In certain parts of the world outside the United States, we have not granted comprehensive beverage production and distribution rights to the bottlers. In such instances, we have authorized certain bottlers to (1) prepare and package Company Trademark Beverages for sale to other bottlers, or (2) purchase Company Trademark Beverages from other bottlers for sale and distribution throughout their respective designated territories, often on a nonexclusive basis.
Bottler’s Agreements Within the United States
In the United States, most bottlers operate under a contract to which we generally refer as a “Comprehensive Beverage Agreement” (“CBA”) that is of stated duration, subject in most cases to renewal rights of bottlers and in some cases to renewal rights of the Company. A small number of bottlers continue to operate under legacy bottler’s agreements with no stated expiration date for Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages and other cola-flavored Company Trademark Beverages. In all instances, the bottler’s agreements in the United States are subject to termination by the Company for nonperformance or upon the occurrence of certain defined events of default that may vary from contract to contract.
Certain U.S. bottlers have been granted certain additional exclusive territory rights for the distribution, promotion, marketing and sale of Company-owned and licensed beverage brands (as defined by the CBAs). We refer to these bottlers as “expanding participating bottlers” or “EPBs.” EPBs operate under CBAs (“EPB CBAs”) under which the Company generally retained the rights to produce the applicable beverage products for territories not covered by specific manufacturing agreements, and such bottlers purchase from the Company (or from Company-authorized manufacturing bottlers) substantially all of the finished beverage products needed in order to service the customers in these territories. Each EPB CBA has a term of 10 years and is renewable, in most cases by the bottler, and in some cases by the Company, indefinitely for successive additional terms of 10 years each and includes additional requirements that provide for, among other things, a binding national governance model, mandatory incidence pricing and certain core performance requirements. The Company has also entered into manufacturing agreements that authorize certain EPBs that have executed EPB CBAs to manufacture certain beverage products for their own account and for supply to other bottlers.
In addition, certain U.S. bottlers that were not granted additional exclusive territory rights, which we refer to as “participating bottlers,” converted their legacy bottler’s agreements to CBAs, to which we refer as “participating bottler CBAs,” each of which has a term of 10 years, is renewable by the bottler indefinitely for successive additional terms of 10 years each, and is substantially similar in most material respects to the EPB CBAs, including with respect to requirements for a binding national governance model and mandatory incidence pricing, but includes core performance requirements that vary in certain respects from those in the EPB CBAs.
Those bottlers that have not signed CBAs continue to operate under legacy bottler’s agreements that include pricing formulas that generally provide for a baseline price for Trademark Coca-Cola Beverages and other cola-flavored Company Trademark Beverages. This baseline price may be adjusted periodically by the Company, up to a maximum indexed ceiling price, and is adjusted quarterly based upon changes in certain sugar or sweetener prices, as applicable. The U.S. unit case volume prepared, packaged, sold and distributed under these legacy bottler’s agreements is not material.
Under the terms of the bottler’s agreements, bottlers in the United States generally are not authorized to manufacture fountain syrups. Rather, the Company manufactures and sells fountain syrups to authorized fountain wholesalers (including certain authorized bottlers) and some fountain retailers. These wholesalers in turn sell the syrups, or deliver them on our behalf, to restaurants and other retailers.
6
Promotional and Marketing Programs
In addition to conducting our own independent advertising and marketing activities, we may provide promotional and marketing support and/or funds to our bottlers. In most cases, we do this on a discretionary basis under the terms of commitment letters or agreements, even though we are not obligated to do so under the terms of the bottler’s agreements between our Company and the bottlers. Also, on a discretionary basis in most cases, our Company may develop and introduce new products, packages and equipment to assist the bottlers. Likewise, in many instances, we provide promotional and marketing support and/or funds and/or dispensing equipment and repair services to fountain and bottle/can retailers, typically pursuant to marketing agreements.
Investments in Bottling Operations
Most of our branded beverage products are prepared, packaged, distributed and sold by independent bottling partners. However, from time to time we acquire or take control of a bottling operation, often in underperforming markets where we believe we can use our resources and expertise to improve performance. Owning a bottling operation enables us to compensate for limited local resources; help focus the bottler’s sales and marketing programs; assist in the development of the bottler’s business and information systems; and establish an appropriate capital structure for the bottler. In line with our long-term bottling strategy, we may periodically consider options for divesting or reducing our ownership interest in a consolidated bottling operation, typically by selling all or a portion of our interest in the bottling operation to an independent bottler to improve Coca-Cola system efficiency. When we sell a consolidated bottling operation to an independent bottling partner in which we have an equity method investment, our Company continues to participate in the bottler’s results of operations through our share of the equity method investee’s earnings or losses.
In addition, from time to time we make equity investments representing noncontrolling interests in certain bottling operations with the intention of maximizing the strength and efficiency of the Coca-Cola system’s production, marketing, sales and distribution capabilities around the world by providing expertise and resources to strengthen those businesses. These investments are intended to result in increases in unit case volume, net operating revenues and profits at the bottler level, which in turn generate increased sales for our Company’s concentrate operations. When our equity investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee bottler’s operating and financial policies, we account for the investment under the equity method.
Seasonality
Sales of our ready-to-drink beverages are somewhat seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters historically accounting for the highest sales volumes. The volume of sales in the beverage business may be affected by weather conditions.
Competition
The commercial beverage industry is highly competitive and consists of numerous companies, ranging from small or emerging to very large and well established. These include companies that, like our Company, compete globally in multiple geographic areas, as well as businesses that are primarily regional or local in operation. Competitive products include numerous nonalcoholic sparkling soft drinks; water products, including flavored and enhanced waters; juices, juice drinks and nectars; dilutables (including syrups and powders); coffees; teas; energy drinks; sports drinks; milk and other dairy-based drinks; plant-based beverages; functional beverages, including vitamin-based products and relaxation beverages; and various other nonalcoholic beverages. These competitive products are sold to consumers in both ready-to-drink and non-ready-to-drink form. The Company has directly entered the alcohol beverage category in numerous markets outside the United States. In the United States, the Company has established a wholly owned, indirect, firewalled subsidiary, which uses third-party manufacturers and distributors to produce, distribute and sell alcohol products in the United States and also authorizes alcohol-licensed third parties to use certain of our trademarks and related intellectual property on alcohol beverages that contain Company beverage bases. Competitive products include all alcohol ready-to-drink beverages containing various alcohol bases. In many of the countries in which we do business, PepsiCo, Inc. is a primary competitor. Other significant competitors include, but are not limited to, Nestlé S.A., Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., Danone S.A., Suntory Beverage & Food Limited, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Kirin Holdings, Heineken N.V., Diageo plc and Red Bull GmbH. We also compete against numerous regional and local companies and, increasingly, against smaller companies that are developing microbrands and selling them directly to consumers through e-commerce retailers and other e-commerce platforms. In addition, in some markets, we compete against retailers that have developed their own store or private-label beverage brands.
Competitive factors impacting our business include, but are not limited to, pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs,     in-store displays and point-of-sale marketing, digital marketing, product and ingredient innovation, availability, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging as well as new vending and dispensing equipment, contracting with marketing assets (theaters, sports arenas, universities, etc.), and brand and trademark development and protection.
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Our competitive strengths include leading brands with high levels of consumer recognition and loyalty; a worldwide network of bottlers and distributors of Company products; sophisticated marketing capabilities; and a talented group of dedicated employees. Our competitive challenges include strong competitors in all geographic regions; in many countries, a concentrated retail sector with powerful buyers able to freely choose among Company products, products of competitive beverage suppliers and individual retailers’ own store or private-label beverage brands; new industry entrants; and dramatic shifts in consumer shopping methods and patterns due to a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Raw Materials
We and our bottling partners use various ingredients in our business, such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup (“HFCS”), aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, saccharin, cyclamate, steviol glycosides, ascorbic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, caffeine, caramel color, and flavors; other raw materials such as orange and other fruit juices and juice concentrates, milk, coffee and tea; packaging materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), bio-based PET and recycled PET for bottles; and aluminum cans, glass bottles and other containers.
Water is a main ingredient in substantially all of our products. While historically we have not experienced significant water supply difficulties, water is a limited natural resource in many parts of the world, and our Company recognizes water availability, quality and sustainability, for both our operations and also the communities where we operate, as one of the key challenges facing our business.
In addition to water, the principal raw materials used in our business are nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners. In the United States, the principal nutritive sweetener is HFCS, which is nutritionally equivalent to sugar. HFCS is available from numerous domestic sources and has historically been subject to fluctuations in its market price. Adverse weather conditions may affect the supply of agricultural commodities from which key ingredients for our products are derived and manufactured. For example, drought conditions in certain parts of the United States or in other major corn-producing areas of the world may negatively affect the supply of corn, which in turn may result in shortages of and higher prices for HFCS. The principal nutritive sweetener used by our business outside the United States is sucrose (i.e., table sugar), which is also available from numerous sources and has historically been subject to fluctuations in its market price. Our Company generally has not experienced any difficulties in obtaining its requirements for nutritive sweeteners. In the United States, our bottlers, with the assistance of Coca-Cola Bottlers’ Sales & Services Company LLC (“CCBSS”) and based on terms that the Company negotiates, purchase HFCS to meet our and our bottlers’ requirements. CCBSS is a limited liability company that is owned by authorized Coca-Cola bottlers doing business in the United States and Canada. Among other things, CCBSS provides procurement services to our North American operations and to our U.S. and Canadian bottling partners for the purchase of various goods and services, including HFCS.
The principal non-nutritive sweeteners we use in our business are aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, saccharin, cyclamate and steviol glycosides. Generally, these raw materials are readily available from numerous sources. We purchase sucralose, which we consider a critical raw material, from suppliers mainly in the United States and also China. Our Company generally has not experienced major difficulties in obtaining its requirements for non-nutritive sweeteners.
Juice and juice concentrate from various fruits, particularly orange juice and orange juice concentrate, are the principal raw materials for our juice and juice drink products. We source our orange juice and orange juice concentrate from Florida and the Southern Hemisphere, with Brazil representing our primary sourcing location. We work closely with Cutrale Citrus Juices U.S.A., Inc., our primary supplier of orange juice from Florida and Brazil, to ensure an adequate supply of orange juice and orange juice concentrate that meets our Company’s standards. However, the citrus industry is impacted by citrus greening disease and the variability of weather conditions that can affect the quality and supply of orange juice and orange juice concentrate. In particular, freezing weather or hurricanes in central Florida may result in shortages and higher prices for orange juice and orange juice concentrate throughout the industry. In addition, changing weather patterns are adversely affecting citrus production, contributing to challenges such as citrus greening disease and droughts, which have resulted in a reduced number of citrus trees and increased grower costs and prices.
Milk is the principal raw material for our dairy products. We derive the majority of our dairy revenues through fairlife, LLC (“fairlife”), which purchases milk from dairy cooperatives that in turn source milk from farms within the cooperatives. While our sourcing for milk is currently concentrated among a few dairy cooperatives, we believe we have access to alternate suppliers, if necessary, to help deliver an adequate supply of milk.
We generate most of our coffee revenues through Costa. Costa purchases Rainforest Alliance Certified and other certified green coffee through multiple suppliers, enabling us to source from alternative suppliers as changing weather patterns impact yields in some geographies. Similarly, we procure tea from a diverse supplier base, which helps mitigate the effects of weather-related yield reductions in certain geographies.
Our consolidated bottling operations and our non-bottling finished product operations also purchase various other raw materials, including, but not limited to, PET resin, preforms and bottles; glass and aluminum bottles; aluminum and steel cans; plastic closures; aseptic fiber packaging; labels; cartons; cases; postmix packaging; and beverage gases, including carbon
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dioxide and liquid nitrogen. While they generally purchase these raw materials from multiple suppliers and historically have not experienced significant shortages, certain packaging materials, such as aluminum cans, are available from a limited number of suppliers.
Patents, Copyrights, Trade Secrets and Trademarks
Our Company owns numerous patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other know-how and technology, which we collectively refer to as “technology.” This technology generally relates to beverage products and the processes for their production; packages and packaging materials; design and operation of processes and equipment useful for our business; and certain software. Some of the technology is licensed to suppliers and other parties. Trade secrets are an important aspect of our technology, and our sparkling beverage and other beverage formulas are among the important trade secrets of our Company.
We also own numerous trademarks that are very important to our business. Depending upon the jurisdiction, trademarks are valid as long as they are in use and/or their registrations are properly maintained. Pursuant to our bottler’s agreements, we authorize our bottlers to use applicable Company trademarks in connection with their preparation, packaging, distribution and sale of Company products. In addition, we authorize certain third parties to use applicable Company trademarks in connection with their preparation, packaging, distribution and sale of beverages bearing Company trademarks in certain territories. We also grant licenses to third parties from time to time to use certain of our trademarks in conjunction with certain merchandise and food products.
Governmental Regulation
Our Company is required to comply, and it is our policy to comply, with all applicable laws in the countries and territories throughout the world in which we do business. In many jurisdictions, our operations may come under special scrutiny by competition law authorities due to our competitive position in those jurisdictions.
In the United States, the safety, production, storage, transportation, distribution, advertising, marketing, labeling and sale of our Company’s products and their ingredients are subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; the Federal Trade Commission Act; the Lanham Act; state consumer protection laws; various federal and state laws and regulations governing competition and trade practices, including the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936, as amended, and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, as amended; federal, state and local workplace health and safety laws; various federal and state laws and regulations governing our employment practices, including those related to equal employment opportunity and compensation; various federal, state and local environmental protection laws; privacy and personal data protection laws; trade laws and regulations, including laws regarding the import or export of our products or ingredients used in our products and tariffs; and various other federal, state and local statutes and regulations. We are also required to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act. Outside the United States, our business is subject to numerous similar statutes and regulations, as well as other legal and regulatory requirements and regulatory reviews.
Regulators in the United States and abroad have been expressing concerns about processing and the use of particular ingredients or additives in food and beverage products. Various jurisdictions have adopted, and others may seek to adopt, bans or restrictions on the use of certain ingredients or substances in products, as well as significant additional product labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products because of what they contain or allegations that they cause adverse health effects. If these types of requirements become applicable to one or more of our products under current or future laws or regulations, they may inhibit sales of such products or make it necessary for us to reformulate certain of our products. Under the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (“Proposition 65”) of the state of California, if the state has determined that a substance causes cancer or harms human reproduction or development, a warning must be provided for any product sold in the state that exposes consumers to that substance, unless the conditions of an exemption (described below) can be met. The state maintains lists of these substances and periodically adds other substances to these lists. The detection of even a trace amount of a listed substance can subject an affected product to the requirement of a warning label. However, Proposition 65 exempts a product from a warning if the manufacturer can demonstrate that the use of that product exposes consumers to a daily quantity of a listed substance that is:
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below a “safe harbor” threshold that may be established;
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naturally occurring;
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the result of necessary cooking; or
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subject to another applicable exemption.
One or more substances that are currently on the Proposition 65 list can be detected in certain Company products at low levels that are safe. The Company maintains that the presence of each such substance in Company products is subject to an applicable exemption from the warning requirement or that the product is otherwise in compliance with Proposition 65. However, the state of California and other parties have in the past taken a contrary position and may do so in the future. Additionally, the state of California may include other substances on the Proposition 65 list in the future. We expect continued scrutiny of ingredients or
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substances present in certain of our products and/or their packaging, as well as processes used to make them, and it is possible that similar or more restrictive requirements may be proposed or enacted in the future.
Bottlers of our beverage products presently offer, among other beverage containers, nonrefillable recyclable containers in the United States and various other markets around the world. Some of these bottlers also offer and use refillable containers, which are also recyclable. Legal requirements apply in various jurisdictions in the United States and elsewhere around the world requiring that deposits or certain ecotaxes or fees be charged in connection with the sale, marketing and use of certain beverage containers. The precise requirements imposed by these measures vary. Other types of statutes and regulations relating to beverage container deposits, recycling, ecotaxes, extended producer responsibility and/or restrictions or bans on the use of certain types of packaging, including certain packaging containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”), also apply in various jurisdictions in the United States and elsewhere around the world. We anticipate that additional such legal requirements may be proposed or enacted in the future at federal, state and local levels, both in the United States and elsewhere around the world.
All of our Company’s facilities and other operations in the United States and elsewhere around the world are subject to various environmental protection statutes and regulations, including those relating to the use and treatment of water resources, discharge of wastewater, air emissions, and solid and hazardous waste. In addition, ongoing concern over climate change is expected to continue to result in additional legal or regulatory requirements (both inside and outside the United States) designed to reduce or mitigate the effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, to discourage the use of plastic materials, to limit or impose additional costs on commercial water use due to local water scarcity concerns, or to expand disclosure of certain sustainability metrics. Our policy is to comply with all such legal requirements. We have made, and plan on continuing to make, expenditures necessary to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that aim to make progress toward achieving our sustainability goals. While compliance has not had a material adverse effect on our Company’s capital expenditures, net income or competitive position to date, changes in environmental compliance requirements, along with expenditures necessary to comply with such evolving requirements or remediation obligations or that aim to make progress toward achieving our sustainability goals, could adversely affect our financial performance.
We are also subject to various federal, state and international laws and regulations related to cybersecurity, privacy and data protection, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, China’s Personal Information Protection Law and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”), which became effective on January 1, 2020, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which became effective on January 1, 2023. In addition to California, at least 19 other states in the United States have passed comprehensive privacy laws similar to the CCPA and the CPRA. These laws are either in effect or will go into effect during 2026 or in the future, and we expect other states to consider adopting similar laws in the future. Like the CCPA and the CPRA, these laws create, or are expected to create, obligations related to the processing of personal information, as well as special obligations for the processing of “sensitive” data. Some of the provisions of these laws may apply to our business activities. The U.S. Congress has also considered legislation relating to data privacy and data protection, and the U.S. federal government may in the future pass such legislation. The interpretation and application of privacy, data protection and data residency laws are often uncertain and are expanding in the United States and internationally, including in the European Union, Brazil, China, India and other jurisdictions. We monitor pending and proposed legislation and regulatory initiatives to ascertain their relevance to and potential impact on our business, and we develop strategies to address regulatory trends and developments, including any required changes to our privacy and data protection compliance programs and policies. Globally, we see a trend toward data protection laws and regulations increasing in complexity and number, and we anticipate that our obligations will expand commensurately. As a result, our ability to maximize the utility of our data could be impacted and we may need to modify our practices to accommodate legal and regulatory constraints and obligations or meet consumer expectations.
For additional information, refer to Part I, “Item IA. Risk Factors” of this report.
Human Capital Management
Our people and culture strategies are critical business priorities. The board of directors of the Company (“Board of Directors”), through the Talent and Compensation Committee, provides oversight of the Company’s policies and strategies relating to talent, leadership and culture, and the Company’s compensation philosophy and programs. The Talent and Compensation Committee also evaluates and approves the Company’s compensation plans, policies and programs applicable to our senior executives. In addition, the Corporate Governance and Sustainability Committee of our Board of Directors oversees succession planning and talent development for our senior executives.
We believe people are our most important asset, and we strive to attract and retain high-performing talent. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our Company had approximately 65,900 and 69,700 employees, respectively, of which approximately 8,900 were located in the United States. The decrease in the total number of employees was primarily due to 2025 divestiture activity. Our Company, through its divisions and subsidiaries, is a party to numerous collective bargaining agreements. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 400 employees in North America were covered by collective bargaining agreements. These
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agreements typically have terms of three to five years. We currently anticipate that we will continue to successfully negotiate such agreements with representatives of our bargained-for employees.
Our diverse, high-performing global employee base helps drive a culture of inclusion, innovation and growth. We aspire to develop a global workforce with diverse perspectives, experiences and backgrounds that reflect the broad range of consumers and markets we serve around the world; we aim to enable an inclusive culture where all employees thrive; and we are focused on providing access to equal opportunities and fostering belonging both in our workplaces and the local communities we proudly serve. We believe that these efforts are critical to the Company’s continued growth and success.
We support many employee-led inclusion networks around the world. Our inclusion networks are open to all employees and are regionally structured to meet relevant local needs. They provide employees with the opportunity to engage with colleagues around the world and foster relationships based on common interests or backgrounds.
Through our comprehensive global talent and development programs, we continuously invest in our talent for growth in our networked organization. We believe in providing challenging and diverse experiences and opportunities to our people to help them develop and grow.
Our global career strategy program, called Thrive, is designed to provide clarity to employees on what it means to have a career at the Company. Through our people-centered approach, we strive to create an integrated, streamlined and inspiring career experience. We believe that development is anchored in acquiring skills and work experiences. We focus on investing in inspirational leadership, capability development, and providing learning opportunities to equip our global workforce with the skills they need for the future and to improve employee engagement and retention. We provide a range of formal and informal learning and leadership development programs, which are designed to help all of our employees continuously grow and strengthen their skills throughout their careers. We provide online learning through a robust catalog of digital content as well as experiential learning opportunities, and we are continually identifying opportunities to provide access to capability development content for all of our employees. We also have Thrive Opportunity Marketplace, a technology solution that helps connect project opportunities to interested employees who have the capacity, skills and interest in short-term experiences and assignments. Additionally, we offer comprehensive Company-wide onboarding, coaching and mentoring programs that support leadership and employee development at all levels in our organization.
We also believe that talent thrives in a growth-oriented environment where high performance and leadership effectiveness are valued. Our talent practices rely on data and feedback from multiple sources to help our employees get the transparent and timely feedback they need to be successful.
Through comprehensive and competitive compensation and benefits, ongoing employee learning and development, and a focus on health and well-being, we strive to support our employees in all aspects of their lives. Our compensation programs are designed to reinforce our growth agenda and our talent strategy as well as drive a strong connection between the contributions of our employees and their pay. We review our compensation programs regularly to help ensure fairness, including conducting pay equity analyses.
We believe our compensation packages provide the appropriate incentives to attract, retain and motivate our employees. We provide base pay that is competitive and that aligns with employee positions, skill levels, experience and geographic location. In addition to base pay, we seek to reward employees, based on performance, with annual incentive awards, recognition programs and equity awards for employees at certain job levels.
We also offer competitive employee benefits packages, which vary by country and region, and our benefits strategy includes establishing global minimum standards that we aim to apply consistently across the world. These employee benefits packages may include a 401(k) plan, pension plan, core and supplemental life insurance, financial courses and advisors, employee assistance programs, tuition assistance, commuter assistance, adoption assistance,
medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, health savings accounts, health reimbursement and flexible spending accounts, well-being rewards programs,
vacation pay, holiday pay, and parental and adoption leave
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As our employees work together to achieve our purpose to refresh the world and make a difference, they collectively build and reinforce our culture. Our culture is rooted in our growth mindset, which expects each employee, leader and function to be curious, empowered, inclusive and agile. We use a variety of practices to measure and support progress against these growth behaviors and to ensure that our employees are engaged and fulfilled at work. For example, our Performance Enablement and Culture & Engagement Survey platforms provide regular opportunities for employees across the organization to provide feedback on how their leaders, teammates and work experiences support the growth behaviors. Data from questionnaires are anonymized and plotted against historical results to inform teams and functions on areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. We also encourage regular, live communication across the organization and host quarterly global town halls with our senior leadership that include employee question-and-answer sessions. In addition, function-level town halls are held on a regular basis.
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Available Information
The Company maintains a website at the following address: www.coca-colacompany.com. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference in this report. We make available on or through our website certain reports and amendments to those reports that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). These include our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K. We make this information available on our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC. In addition, we routinely post on the “Investors” page of our website news releases, announcements and other statements about our business and results of operations. We may use the “Investors” page of our website as a means of disclosing material, nonpublic information and to comply with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Therefore, we encourage investors to monitor the “Investors” page of our website and review the information we post on that page.
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at the following address: http://www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the following factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in future periods. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS
Unfavorable general economic and geopolitical conditions could negatively impact our financial results.
Our business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely affected by changes in global economic conditions, including global inflationary pressures, prevailing interest rates, credit market conditions, increased unemployment, levels of consumer and business confidence, bank failures, commodity (including energy) prices and supply, a recession or economic slowdown, trade policies, foreign currency exchange rates, changing policy positions or priorities, governmental rules and approaches to taxation, levels of government spending and deficits, and actual or anticipated default on sovereign debt. Many of the jurisdictions in which our products are sold have experienced, and could continue to experience, unfavorable changes in economic conditions, which could negatively affect the affordability of, and consumer demand for, our beverages, and certain markets in which our products are sold experienced high rates of inflation throughout 2025, which may continue in 2026. Under difficult economic conditions, consumers may seek to reduce discretionary spending by forgoing purchases of our products or by shifting away from our beverages to lower-priced products offered by other companies, including private-label brands, which could reduce our profitability and negatively affect our overall financial performance. In addition, the occurrence of global or regional health events, and any related governmental, private sector and individual consumer responses, could contribute to a recession, depression or global economic downturn.
Other financial uncertainties in our major markets and unstable geopolitical conditions or events in certain markets, including international conflicts, civil unrest, acts of war, terrorism, governmental changes, or changes in international relations, could undermine global consumer confidence and reduce consumers’ purchasing power, thereby reducing demand for our products. Throughout 2025, the Company faced disruption to our operations due to international conflicts. Geopolitical instability has in the past led, and may in the future lead, to logistical, transportation and supply chain disruptions; business disruptions (including labor shortages); increased risk of cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions to our information systems; reduced availability and increased costs of transportation, energy, packaging, raw materials and other input costs; and heightened security risk, impacting employee safety and/or damage to infrastructure or our assets. At times, we have faced product boycotts resulting from political activism, which have reduced demand for our products. Restrictions on our ability to transfer earnings or capital across borders; price controls; limitations on profits; the negotiation of new trade agreements; new, expanded or retaliatory tariffs, including tariffs that increase suppliers’ sourcing costs; import authorization requirements; and other restrictions on business activities, which have been or may be imposed or expanded as a result of political and economic instability, deterioration of economic relations between countries or otherwise, could impact our profitability. In addition, U.S. trade sanctions against countries designated by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism and/or financial institutions accepting transactions for commerce within such countries could increase significantly, which could make it difficult, or even impossible, for us to continue to make sales to bottlers in such countries. The imposition of retaliatory sanctions against U.S. multinational corporations by countries that are or may become subject to U.S. trade sanctions, or the delisting of our branded products by retailers in various countries in reaction to U.S. trade sanctions or other governmental actions or policies, could also negatively affect our business.
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Increased competition could hurt our business.

We operate in the highly competitive commercial beverage industry. For additional information regarding the competitive environment in which we operate, including the names of certain of our significant competitors, refer to the heading “Competition” set forth in Part I, “Item 1. Business” of this report. Our ability to maintain or gain share of sales in the global market or in regional or local markets may be limited as a result of actions by competitors. Competitive pressures may cause the Company and our bottling partners to reduce prices we charge customers or may restrict our and our bottlers’ ability to increase prices, as may be necessary in response to commodity and other cost increases. Such pressures may also increase marketing costs along with in-store placement, slotting and other marketing fees. In addition, the rapid growth of e‑commerce may create additional consumer price deflation by, among other things, facilitating comparison shopping, and could potentially threaten the value of some of our legacy route-to-market strategies and thus negatively affect revenues. If we do not continuously strengthen our capabilities in marketing, data analytics (including artificial intelligence and machine learning) and innovation to understand and maintain consumer interest, brand loyalty and market share while strategically expanding into other profitable categories of the commercial beverage industry, our business could be negatively affected.
If we are not successful in our innovation activities, our financial results may be negatively affected.

Achieving our business growth objectives depends in part on our ability to evolve and improve our existing beverage products through innovation and to successfully develop, introduce and market new beverage products. The success of our innovation activities depends on, among other factors, our ability to correctly anticipate customer and consumer acceptance and trends; obtain, maintain and enforce necessary intellectual property rights; and avoid infringing on the intellectual property rights of others. If we are not successful in our innovation activities, we may not be able to achieve our growth objectives, which may have a negative impact on our financial results.
Changes in the retail landscape or the loss of key customers could adversely affect our financial results.
Our industry is being affected by the trend toward consolidation in, and the blurring of the lines between, retail channels, particularly in Europe and the United States. Retailers may seek lower prices from us and our bottling partners, may demand increased marketing or promotional expenditures in support of their businesses, and may be more likely to use their distribution networks to introduce and develop private-label brands, any of which could negatively affect the Coca-Cola system’s profitability. In addition, in developed markets, discounters and value stores are growing at a rapid pace, while in emerging and developing markets, modern trade is growing at a faster pace than traditional trade outlets. Our industry is also being affected by the rapid growth in sales through e-commerce retailers, e-commerce websites, mobile commerce applications and subscription services, which may result in a shift away from physical retail operations to digital channels. As we and our bottling partners continue to build e-commerce capabilities, we may not be able to develop and maintain successful relationships with existing and new e-commerce retailers without experiencing a deterioration of our relationships with key customers operating physical retail channels. If we are unable to successfully adapt to the rapidly changing retail landscape, including the rapid growth in digital commerce, our share of sales, volume growth and overall financial results could be negatively affected. In addition, our success depends in part on our ability to maintain good relationships with key customers.The loss of one or more of our key customers could have an adverse effect on our financial performance.
If we are unable to expand our business in emerging and developing markets, our growth could be negatively affected.

Our success depends in part on our ability to grow our business in emerging and developing markets, which in turn depends on economic and political conditions in those markets and on our ability to work with local bottlers to make necessary infrastructure enhancements to production facilities, distribution networks, sales equipment and technology. Additionally, we rely on local availability of talented management and employees to establish and manage our operations in these markets. Scarcity of, or heavy competition for, talented employees could impede our abilities in such markets. Moreover, the supply of our products in emerging and developing markets must match consumer demand for those products. Due to product price, limited purchasing power and cultural differences, our products may not be accepted in any particular emerging or developing market.
If we do not successfully manage the potential negative consequences of our productivity initiatives, our business operations could be adversely affected.
We believe that improved productivity is essential to achieving our long-term growth objectives and, therefore, a leading priority of our Company is to design and implement the most effective and efficient business model possible. Consequently, we continuously search for productivity opportunities in our business. Some of the actions we may take from time to time in pursuing these opportunities may become a distraction for our managers and employees and may disrupt our ongoing business operations; cause deterioration in employee morale, which may make it more difficult for us to retain or attract qualified managers and employees; disrupt or weaken the internal control structures of the affected business operations; and give rise to negative publicity, which could affect our corporate reputation. If we are unable to successfully manage the potential negative consequences of our productivity initiatives, our business operations could be adversely affected.
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If we are unable to attract, retain and inspire outstanding talent, our business could be negatively affected.
The success of our business depends on our Company’s and the Coca-Cola system’s ability to attract, retain and inspire a global workforce of outstanding talent and to nurture a culture that supports our growth and aligns employees around the Company’s purpose and work that matters most. Competition for, along with compensation and benefits expectations of, existing and prospective employees has increased, especially considering changing worker expectations and talent marketplace variability. In addition, the broader labor market is experiencing a shortage of qualified talent, which has further increased the competition we face for qualified employees. We may not be able to successfully compete for, attract or retain the workforce that we want and may require for our future business needs, such as employees with advanced technology, artificial intelligence and digital marketing skills, and/or digital and analytics capabilities. Changes in laws and policies could also make it more difficult for us to recruit or relocate specialized technical, professional and management personnel to meet our business needs. In addition, the unexpected loss of experienced and specialized employees due to an increase in aggressive recruiting for best-in-class talent could deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitiveness. Failure to attract, retain and inspire outstanding talent; to develop and implement an adequate succession plan for our management team; to maintain a corporate culture that fosters innovation, collaboration and inclusion; or to design and successfully implement work models that meet the expectations of employees and prospective employees could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business and our future success.
Disruption of our supply chain, including increased commodity, raw material, packaging, energy, transportation and other input costs, may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
At times, we have experienced, and could continue to experience, disruptions in our manufacturing operations and supply chain. In connection with our manufacturing and bottling operations, we and our bottling partners are dependent upon, among other things, various ingredients and other raw materials and packaging materials. For additional information on the raw materials and supplies we use in our business, refer to the heading “Raw Materials” set forth in Part I, “Item 1. Business” of this report. Some of the raw materials and supplies used in the production of our products are available from a limited number of suppliers, or from a sole supplier, or are in short supply when seasonal demand is at its peak. We and our bottling partners may not be able to maintain favorable arrangements and relationships with these suppliers, and our contingency plans may not be effective in preventing disruptions that may arise from shortages of any ingredients or other raw materials. Furthermore, some of our suppliers are located in countries experiencing political instability or other risks and/or unfavorable economic conditions. In addition, adverse and extreme weather conditions may affect the supply of agricultural commodities from which key ingredients for our products are derived and manufactured. Any sustained or significant disruption to the manufacturing or sourcing of products or materials could increase costs and interrupt product supply, which could adversely impact our business.
We and our independent bottlers operate a large fleet of trucks and other motor vehicles to distribute beverage products to customers. In addition, we and our independent bottlers use a significant amount of electricity, natural gas and other energy sources to operate production plants, bottling plants and distribution facilities. Increases in energy demand have in the past resulted, and could in the future result, in higher energy prices, impacting us and our independent bottlers.
The raw materials and other supplies, including ingredients, agricultural commodities, energy, fuel, packaging materials, transportation, labor and other supply chain inputs used for the production and distribution of our products, are subject to price volatility and fluctuations in availability caused by many factors. These factors include changes in supply and demand; supplier capacity constraints; a deterioration of our or our bottling partners’ relationships with suppliers; international conflicts; political uncertainties; acts of terrorism; governmental instability; inflation; weather conditions (including the effects of climate change); hurricanes, wildfires, floods, droughts and other natural disasters; disease or pests (including the impact of citrus greening disease on the citrus industry); agricultural uncertainty; health epidemics, pandemics or other contagious outbreaks; cattle disease outbreaks (including avian flu); labor shortages, strikes or work stoppages; changes in or the enactment of new laws and regulations; governmental actions or controls or import/export restrictions, such as new, expanded or retaliatory tariffs, including tariffs that increase suppliers’ sourcing costs, sanctions, quotas or trade barriers; port congestion or delays; transport capacity constraints; cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions; or fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Many of our raw materials and supplies are purchased in the open market, and the prices for such items are subject to fluctuation. We expect the inflationary pressures on certain input and other costs to continue to impact our business in 2026.
Our attempts to offset cost pressures, such as through price increases of some of our products, may not be successful. Higher product prices may result in reductions in sales volume. Consumers may be less willing to pay a price differential for our branded products and may increasingly purchase lower-priced offerings, or may forgo some purchases altogether. To the extent that price increases are not sufficient to offset higher costs adequately or in a timely manner, and/or if they result in significant decreases in sales volume, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, we may not be able to offset cost increases through productivity initiatives or through our commodity hedging activity.
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If we do not successfully integrate and manage our acquired businesses, brands or bottling operations, or if we are unable to realize a significant portion of the anticipated benefits of our joint ventures or strategic relationships, our financial results could suffer.

We routinely evaluate opportunities to acquire businesses or brands to expand our beverage portfolio and capabilities. Additionally, from time to time, we have acquired or taken control of bottling operations, often in underperforming markets where we believe we can use our resources and expertise to improve performance. Acquisitions of businesses, brands or bottling operations may involve significant challenges and risks, and the expected benefits, including cost and growth synergies associated with such acquisitions, may take longer to realize than expected or may not be realized at all.
We have encountered, and may in the future encounter, challenges in successfully integrating the operations, technologies, services, products and systems of any acquired businesses, brands or bottling partners in an effective, timely and cost-efficient manner. We have faced, and may in the future face, difficulties in operating through new business models and/or supply chain models, or in new categories or territories, and challenges in extending Company controls (including internal controls over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, data protection and cybersecurity), policies and governance structures (including with respect to food safety and quality, occupational safety and sustainability) to acquired businesses, brands or bottling operations, which, at times, has resulted in increased costs and negative publicity. Our financial performance is impacted by how well we can integrate and manage our acquisitions, and we may not be able to achieve our strategic and financial objectives for acquired businesses, brands or bottling operations. If we incur unforeseen liabilities or costs in connection with acquiring or integrating businesses, brands or bottling operations, experience internal control or product quality failures, or are unable to achieve our strategic and financial objectives for acquired businesses, brands or bottling operations, our consolidated results could be negatively affected.
We also participate in the sales of other beverage brands through licenses, joint ventures and strategic relationships. If we are unable to successfully manage our relationships with our joint venture partners or our strategic relationships, including our relationship with Monster, or if for any other reason we fail to realize all or a significant portion of the benefits we expect from our joint ventures or strategic relationships, our financial performance could be adversely affected.
If our third-party service providers and business partners do not satisfactorily fulfill their commitments and responsibilities, or experience adverse events, our business could suffer.

In the conduct of our business, we rely on relationships with third parties, including cloud data storage and other information technology service providers, suppliers, distributors, contractors, joint venture partners and other external business partners, for certain services in support of key portions of our operations. These third parties are subject to similar risks as we are relating to cybersecurity, privacy violations, business interruption, and systems and employee failures, and are subject to legal, regulatory and market risks of their own. Our third-party service providers and business partners may not fulfill their respective commitments and responsibilities in a timely manner and in accordance with the agreed-upon terms or applicable laws. In addition, while we have procedures in place for assessing risk along with selecting, managing and monitoring our relationships with third-party service providers and other business partners, we do not have control over their business operations or governance and compliance systems, practices and procedures, which increases our financial, legal, cybersecurity, reputational and operational risk. If we are unable to effectively manage our third-party relationships, or for any reason our third-party service providers or business partners fail to satisfactorily fulfill their commitments and responsibilities or experience events that could directly or indirectly impact us, our financial results could suffer.
If we are unable to renew collective bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms, or if we or our bottling partners experience strikes, work stoppages or labor unrest, our business could suffer.

Many of our employees at our key manufacturing locations and bottling plants are covered by collective bargaining agreements. While we generally have been able to renegotiate collective bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms when they expire and regard our relations with employees and their representatives as generally satisfactory, negotiations may nevertheless be challenging, as the Company must have competitive cost structures in each market while meeting the compensation and benefits needs of our employees. If we are unable to renew collective bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms, our labor costs could increase, which could affect our profit margins. In addition, many of our bottling partners’ employees are represented by labor unions. Strikes, work stoppages or other forms of labor unrest at any of our major manufacturing facilities or at our bottling operations or our major bottlers’ plants could impair our ability to supply concentrates and syrups to our bottling partners or our bottlers’ ability to supply finished beverages to customers, which could reduce our net operating revenues and could expose us to customer claims. Furthermore, from time to time we and our bottling partners restructure manufacturing and other operations to improve productivity, which may have negative impacts on employee morale and work performance, result in escalation of grievances and adversely affect the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements. If these labor relations are not effectively managed at the local level, they could escalate in the form of corporate campaigns supported by the labor organizations and could negatively affect our Company’s overall reputation and brand image, which in turn could have a negative impact on our products’ acceptance by consumers.
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RISKS RELATED TO CONSUMER DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS

Obesity and other health-related concerns may reduce demand for some of our products.

There is ongoing concern among consumers, public health professionals and government agencies about the health problems associated with obesity and other chronic diseases. Recent activities and proposals by U.S. federal and state government agencies and initiatives have focused on potential drivers behind the rise in childhood chronic diseases. Continued governmental focus on such initiatives, as well as ongoing public concern about obesity; other health-related public concerns surrounding consumption of sweetened beverages; the effects or perceived effects of the usage of weight-loss drugs on consumption patterns; potential new or increased taxes on sweetened beverages by government entities to reduce consumption or to raise revenue; potential new or increased governmental regulations on particular ingredients or additives in our beverages and packaging, or on manufacturing processes; additional governmental regulations concerning the advertising, marketing, labeling, packaging or sale of our sweetened beverages; changes in funding for or restrictions on the inclusion of our products in benefit programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in the United States; and negative publicity resulting from actual or threatened legal actions against us or other companies in our industry relating to the marketing, labeling or sale of sweetened beverages may reduce demand for, or increase the cost of, our sweetened beverages, which could adversely affect our profitability.
If we do not address evolving consumer product and shopping preferences, our business could suffer.

Consumer product preferences have evolved and continue to evolve as a result of, among other things, health, wellness and nutrition considerations, including concerns regarding caloric intake associated with sweetened beverages and the perceived undesirability of processed foods and ingredients and artificial ingredients; concerns regarding the perceived health effects of, or location of origin of, ingredients, raw materials or substances in our products or packaging, including due to the results of third-party studies (whether or not scientifically valid); shifting consumer demographics; changes in consumer tastes and needs coupled with a rapid expansion of beverage options and delivery methods; affordability and changes in consumer lifestyles and spending patterns; concerns regarding the environmental, social and sustainability impact of ingredient sources, the product manufacturing process and our packaging; consumer emphasis on transparency related to ingredients we use in our products and collection and recyclability of, and amount of recycled content contained in, our packaging containers and other materials; concerns about the health and welfare of animals in our dairy supply chain; and competitive product and pricing pressures. In addition, in many of our markets, shopping patterns are being affected by the digital evolution, with consumers rapidly embracing shopping by way of mobile device applications, e-commerce retailers and e-commerce websites or platforms. The increasing use of data analytics, automation and artificial intelligence across digital platforms is further reshaping how consumers discover, evaluate and engage with brands. If we fail to address changes in consumer product and shopping preferences, do not successfully anticipate and prepare for future changes in such preferences, or are ineffective or slow in developing and implementing appropriate digital transformation initiatives, our share of sales, revenue growth and overall financial results could be negatively affected.
Product safety and quality concerns could negatively affect our business.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to maintain consumer confidence in the safety and quality of all of our products. We have rigorous product safety and quality standards that we expect our operations, bottling partners and contract manufacturers to meet. However, despite our strong commitment to product safety and quality, we, our bottling partners or contract manufacturers at times have not met, and may not always meet, these standards, including as we expand our product offerings through innovation or acquisitions. We, our bottling partners or contract manufacturers have recalled, and could in the future recall, products due to product quality or safety issues, including actual or alleged mislabeling, misbranding, spoilage, undeclared allergens, contamination or adulteration by any means, or failure to meet applicable regulatory requirements. In addition, we or our bottling partners or contract manufacturers and products have been, and could continue to be, subject to inspection by federal, state and local authorities, which could result in the identification of product quality or safety issues. A widespread product recall could result in significant losses due to the costs of a recall and the destruction of product inventory. A recall or any decrease in production resulting from remediation efforts due to quality or safety issues may also lead to lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time, and could also subject us to liability claims, negative publicity or changes in consumer demand, all of which could cause our business to suffer.
Public debate and concern about perceived negative health consequences of processing and of certain ingredients, such as nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners, color additives and biotechnology-derived substances, and of other substances present in our beverage products or packaging materials, may reduce demand for our beverage products or result in additional governmental regulation.

Public debate and concern about perceived negative health consequences of processing and of certain ingredients in our beverage products, such as synthetic colors, nutritive (e.g., sugar, HFCS) and non-nutritive sweeteners, biotechnology-derived substances and other additives; substances that are present in our beverage products naturally or that occur as a result of the manufacturing process, such as 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), a chemical compound that is formed during the manufacturing of
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certain types of caramel coloring used in cola-flavored beverages; or substances used in packaging materials, such as bisphenol A (BPA), an odorless, tasteless food-grade chemical commonly used in the food and beverage industries as a component in the coating of the interior of cans, may affect consumers’ preferences and cause them to shift away from some of our beverage products. Such risks may be increased if government officials make public statements about alleged risks purportedly associated with processing, particular ingredients used in our products or unintentional contaminants that may be present in the food or water supply. In addition, increasing public concern about processing or the perceived or potential health consequences of processing, the presence of ingredients or substances in our beverage products or in packaging materials (or alleged presence of substances such as PFAS), and/or the results of third-party studies (whether or not scientifically valid) purporting to assess the health implications of consumption of certain products, or ingredients or substances present in certain of our products or packaging materials, have resulted, and could result, in additional governmental regulations concerning the advertising, marketing, labeling, packaging or sale of our beverages; limitations on the use of certain ingredients or packaging; potential new or increased taxes on or fees associated with our beverages by government entities; and negative publicity, or actual or threatened legal actions against us or other companies in our industry, all of which could damage the reputation of, and may reduce demand for, our beverage products.
If we are not successful in our efforts to digitalize the Coca-Cola system, our financial results could be negatively affected.

The digital evolution is affecting how we interact with consumers, customers, suppliers, bottlers and other business partners and stakeholders. We believe our future success will depend in part on our ability to adapt to and thrive in the digital environment and expand our digital capabilities. Therefore, one of our top priorities is to digitalize the Coca-Cola system by, among other things, creating more relevant and more personalized experiences wherever our system interacts with consumers, whether in a digital environment or through digital devices in an otherwise physical environment; finding ways to create more powerful digital tools and capabilities for the Coca-Cola system’s retail customers to enable them to grow their businesses; and digitalizing operations through the use of data, artificial intelligence, automation, robotics and digital devices to increase efficiency and productivity. If we are not successful in our efforts to digitalize the Coca-Cola system, our ability to increase sales and improve margins may be negatively affected, and the cost and expenses we have incurred or may incur in connection with our digitalization initiatives may adversely impact our financial performance.
If negative publicity, whether or not warranted, concerning product safety or quality, workplace and human rights, obesity or other issues damages our brand image, corporate reputation and social license to operate, our business may suffer.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to maintain the brand image of our existing products, build the brand image for new products and brand extensions, and maintain our corporate reputation and social license to operate. However, our continuing investment in advertising and marketing and our strong commitment to product safety and quality and respecting human rights have not always had, and may not in the future always have, the desired impact on our products’ brand image and on consumer preferences. Product safety or quality issues, actual or perceived, or allegations of product contamination, even when false or unfounded, could tarnish the image of the affected brands and may cause consumers to choose other products. In some emerging markets, the production and sale of counterfeit or “spurious” products, which we and our bottling partners have not in the past been able, and may not in the future be able, to fully combat, may damage the image and reputation of our products. In addition, from time to time we and our executives have engaged, and may in the future engage, in public policy endeavors that are either directly related to our products and packaging or to our business operations and the general economic climate affecting the Company. These engagements in public policy debates have been, and could in the future be, the subject of criticism from advocacy groups or others that have a differing point of view and could result in adverse media and consumer reaction, including product boycotts. Similarly, our sponsorship relationships and associations with influencers and organizations have subjected us in the past, and could subject us in the future, to negative publicity as a result of actual or alleged misconduct by individuals, hosts or entities associated with organizations we sponsor or support financially or through in-kind contributions, as well as by the influencers we collaborate with who may engage in actions or express opinions that may negatively reflect on our brand. Likewise, campaigns by activists or others connecting us, or our bottling system or supply chain, with issues related to workplace policies and initiatives, or human rights or animal welfare, whether actual or perceived, could adversely impact our corporate image and reputation. Additionally, negative postings or comments on social media or networking websites about the Company or one of its brands, even if inaccurate or malicious, have in the past, and could in the future, generate adverse publicity that could damage the reputation of our brands or the Company. Furthermore, allegations, even if untrue, that we are not respecting internationally recognized human rights; actual or perceived failure by our suppliers or other business partners to comply with applicable workplace and labor laws, including child labor laws, or their actual or perceived abuse or misuse of migrant workers; actual or perceived failure by our suppliers, joint venture partners or other business partners to engage in proper animal welfare practices; and adverse publicity surrounding obesity and health concerns related to our products, water usage, environmental impact, labor relations or the like could present potential legal risks and negatively affect our Company’s overall reputation and brand image, and could result in product boycotts or have a negative impact on our products’ acceptance by consumers. In addition, if we fail to respect our employees’ and our supply chain workers’ human rights, or inadvertently discriminate against any group of employees or hiring prospects, we could face legal
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risks and/or our ability to hire and retain the best talent will be diminished, which could have an adverse impact on our overall business.
If we are unable to successfully manage new product launches, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.
Due to the highly competitive nature of the commercial beverage industry, the Company continually introduces new products and evolves existing products to stimulate consumer demand. For instance, the Company has directly entered the alcohol beverage category in numerous markets outside the United States, and in the United States, the Company has established a wholly owned, indirect, firewalled subsidiary, which uses third-party manufacturers and distributors to produce, distribute and sell alcohol products in the United States and also authorizes alcohol-licensed third parties to use certain of our trademarks and related intellectual property on alcohol beverages that contain Company beverage bases. The success of new and evolved products depends on several factors, including timely and successful product development, adherence to new global and/or local standards of practice, consumer acceptance and stakeholder perception. Such endeavors may also involve significant risks and uncertainties, including greater execution risks; higher costs; lower rates of sales; distraction of management from existing operations; lower product, category or industry knowledge and expertise; slower than expected or inadequate return on investments; increased competitive pressures; stakeholder scrutiny; and reliance on the performance of third parties. As we become subject to additional governmental regulations, including alcohol regulations related to licensing, trade and pricing practices; labeling, advertising, promotion and marketing practices; and relationships with distributors, we may become exposed to the risk of increased compliance costs and disruptions to our existing business.
RISKS RELATED TO THE COCA-COLA SYSTEM

We rely on our bottling partners for a significant portion of our business. If we are unable to maintain good relationships with our bottling partners, our business could suffer.

We generate a significant portion of our net operating revenues by selling concentrates and syrups to independent bottling partners. For the year ended December 31, 2025, one bottler accounted for 10% of our net operating revenues, which are reflected in our EMEA and Asia Pacific operating segments. As independent companies, our bottling partners, some of which are publicly traded companies, make their own business decisions that may not always align with our interests. In addition, some of our bottling partners have the right to manufacture or distribute their own products or certain products of other beverage companies. If we are unable to maintain operating and strategic alignment or agree on appropriate pricing and marketing and advertising support, or if our bottling partners are not satisfied with our brand innovation and development efforts, they may take actions that, while maximizing     their own short-term profits, may be detrimental to our Company or our brands, or they may devote more of their resources to business opportunities or products other than those of the Company. Further, actions by our bottling partners, including related to product quality, safety, marketing practices, labor relations, regulatory compliance, sustainability, or other matters could adversely affect the reputation, consumer perception, or value of our brands, even if we are not directly responsible for such actions. Such actions could, in the long term, have an adverse effect on our profitability.
If our bottling partners’ financial condition deteriorates, our business and financial results could be affected.

In the vast majority of our markets, our products are sold and distributed by independent bottling partners, and we therefore derive a significant portion of our net operating revenues from sales of concentrates and syrups to independent bottling partners. Accordingly, the success of our business depends in part on our bottling partners’ financial strength and profitability. While under our agreements with our bottling partners we generally have the right to unilaterally change the prices we charge for our concentrates and syrups, our ability to do so may be materially limited by our bottling partners’ financial condition and their ability to pass price increases along to their customers. In addition, we have investments in certain of our bottling partners, which we account for under the equity method, and our operating results include our proportionate share of such bottling partners’ income or loss. Our bottling partners’ financial condition is affected in large part by conditions and events that are beyond our and their control, including competitive and general market conditions; the availability of capital and other financing resources on reasonable terms; loss of major customers; changes in or additional regulations; or disruptions of bottling operations that may be caused by strikes, work stoppages, labor unrest, natural disasters, international conflicts, acts of war, health epidemics, pandemics or other catastrophic events. A deterioration of the financial condition or results of operations of one or more of our major bottling partners could adversely affect our net operating revenues from sales of concentrates and syrups; and, if such deterioration involves one or more of our equity method investee bottling partners, it could also result in a decrease in our equity income and/or impairments of our equity method investments.
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We may from time to time engage in refranchising activities or divestitures of certain brands or businesses, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
As part of our strategic initiative to focus on our core business of building brands and leading our system of bottling partners, we continue to seek opportunities to refranchise our consolidated bottling operations. Our refranchising activities require significant attention and effort on the part of, and therefore may be a distraction for, senior management. If we are unable to complete future refranchising transactions on terms and conditions favorable to us, or if our refranchising partners are not efficient or not aligned with our long-term vision for the Coca-Cola system, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Additionally, we have divested and may in the future divest certain brands or businesses. These divestitures may adversely impact our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition if we are unable to offset impacts from the loss of revenue associated with the divested brands or businesses, or if we are otherwise unable to achieve the anticipated benefits or cost savings from such divestitures.
RISKS RELATED TO REGULATORY AND LEGAL MATTERS

Increases in income tax rates, changes in income tax laws or regulations, or unfavorable resolutions of tax matters could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.

We are subject to income tax in the United States and numerous other jurisdictions in which we generate profits. Our overall effective income tax rate is a function of applicable local tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate, tax treaties between such jurisdictions, and the geographic mix of our income before income taxes, which is itself impacted by currency movements. Consequently, the isolated or combined effects of unfavorable movements in tax rates, geographic mix or foreign currency exchange rates could reduce our net income. Tax laws and regulations, including rates of taxation, are subject to revisions by individual taxing jurisdictions, and such revisions may result from multilateral agreements.
Many jurisdictions have enacted legislation and adopted policies resulting from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (“OECD”) Anti-Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. The OECD is currently coordinating a two-pillared project on behalf of the G20 and other participating countries which would grant additional taxing rights over profits earned by multinational enterprises to the countries in which their products are sold and services rendered. Pillar One would allow countries to reallocate a portion of profits earned by multinational businesses with an annual global revenue exceeding €20 billion and a profit margin of over 10% to applicable market jurisdictions. While the OECD issued draft language for the international implementation of Pillar One in October 2023, both the substantive rules and implementation process remain under discussion at the OECD, so the timetable for any implementation remains uncertain.
In December 2021, the OECD issued Pillar Two model rules, which would establish a global per-country minimum tax of 15%, and the European Union has approved a directive requiring member states to incorporate similar provisions into their respective domestic laws. The directive requires, with certain limited exceptions, the rules to initially become effective for fiscal years starting on or after December 31, 2023. Numerous countries have enacted legislation that implemented certain aspects of Pillar Two effective January 1, 2024, or adopted legislation that became effective in 2025, while additional jurisdictions may enact similar legislation in the future. In June 2025, the Group of Seven (“G7”) released a statement announcing an understanding of a potential side-by-side system approach to the Pillar Two framework that would exclude U.S.-parented groups from certain Pillar Two provisions in recognition of existing U.S. minimum tax rules. In January 2026, the OECD issued further administrative guidance introducing a side-by-side framework under Pillar Two, largely exempting U.S.-headquartered companies from the application of Pillar Two. The OECD and implementing countries are expected to continue to make further revisions to their legislation and release additional guidance intended to adopt this side-by-side framework into law in each of the member countries.
The Company will continue to monitor developments to determine any potential impact in the countries in which we operate. To the extent additional legislative changes take place in the countries in which we operate, it is possible that these changes may increase uncertainty and have a material impact on our net income and cash flow. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual income tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related disputes could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions, estimates and accruals. The results of audits or related disputes could have a material adverse effect on our financial statements for the period or periods for which the applicable final determinations are made and for periods for which the statute of limitations is open.
For instance, the United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is seeking to increase our U.S. taxable income for tax years 2007 through 2009 by an amount that creates a potential additional U.S. federal income tax liability of approximately $3.3 billion for that period, plus interest. The Company firmly believes that the IRS’ claims are without merit and is pursuing, and will continue to pursue, all available administrative and judicial remedies necessary to vigorously defend its positions. On November 18, 2020, the U.S. Tax Court (“Tax Court”) issued an opinion (“Opinion”) predominantly siding with the IRS. On November 8, 2023, the Tax Court issued a supplemental opinion (together with the original Tax Court opinion, “Opinions”) also siding with the IRS as to the validity of the blocked-income regulations and their application to the Brazilian legal
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restrictions. Although the Company disagrees with the unfavorable portions of the Opinions and intends to vigorously defend its positions, considering all avenues of appeal, there is no assurance that the courts will ultimately rule in the Company’s favor. It is therefore possible that all or some of the unfavorable portions of the Opinions could ultimately be upheld. In that event, the Company would be subject to significant additional liabilities for the years at issue and potentially also for the subsequent years if the unfavorable portions of the Opinions were to be applied to the foreign licensees covered within the scope of the Opinions. Moreover, the IRS could successfully appeal the portions of the Opinions that are favorable to the Company and/or assert new claims for additional tax relating to the subsequent years by broadening the scope to cover additional foreign licensees. These adjustments could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Any such adjustments related to years prior to 2018, either in the litigation period or thereafter, may also have an impact on the transition tax payable as part of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”). For additional information regarding the tax litigation, refer to Part I, “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” of this report.
Increased or new indirect taxes could negatively affect our business.

Our business operations are subject to numerous duties or taxes that are not based on income, sometimes referred to as “indirect taxes,” including import duties, tariffs, excise taxes, sales or value-added taxes, taxes on sweetened or aerated beverages, packaging taxes, carbon taxes, property taxes and payroll taxes, in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. In addition, in the past, the U.S. Congress considered imposing a federal excise tax on beverages sweetened with sugar, HFCS or other nutritive sweeteners and may consider similar proposals in the future. As federal, state and local governments in the United States and throughout the world experience significant budget deficits, some lawmakers have singled out beverages among a plethora of revenue-raising items and have imposed or increased, or proposed to impose or increase, sales or similar taxes on beverages, particularly sweetened beverages and alcohol beverages, as well as packaging and/or packaging materials. Increases in or the imposition of new indirect taxes on our business operations or products would increase the cost of products or, to the extent levied directly on consumers, make our products less affordable, which may negatively impact our net operating revenues and profitability.
Changes in laws and regulations relating to beverage containers and packaging could increase our costs and reduce demand for our products.

We and our bottlers offer, among other beverage containers, nonrefillable containers in the United States and in various other markets around the world. Legal requirements have been enacted in various jurisdictions requiring that deposits or certain ecotaxes or fees be charged in connection with the sale, marketing and use of certain beverage containers. Other proposals relating to beverage container deposits, recycling, recycling content, tethered bottle caps, ecotax and/or extended producer responsibility laws, or prohibitions on certain types of plastic products, packages and cups (including packaging containing PFAS) have been introduced and/or adopted in various jurisdictions, and we anticipate that similar legislation or regulations may be proposed in the future at federal, state and local levels, both in the United States and elsewhere. Consumers’ ongoing concerns and changing attitudes about solid waste streams and environmental responsibility and the related publicity could result in the adoption of additional such legislation or regulations in the future. If these types of requirements are adopted and implemented on a large scale, they could affect our costs or require changes in our distribution model, which could reduce our net operating revenues and profitability.
Significant additional labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products may inhibit sales of affected products.

Regulators in the United States and abroad have been expressing concerns about the processing and the use of particular ingredients or additives in beverage products. Various jurisdictions have adopted, and others may seek to adopt, bans or restrictions on the use of certain ingredients or substances in products, as well as significant additional product labeling or warning requirements or limitations on the marketing or sale of our products because of what they contain or allegations that they cause adverse health effects. If these types of requirements become applicable to one or more of our products under current or future laws or regulations, they may inhibit sales of such products or make it necessary for us to reformulate certain of our products, resulting in adverse effects on our business.
For example, under one such law in California, known as Proposition 65, if the state has determined that a substance causes cancer or harms human reproduction or development, a warning must be provided for any product sold in the state that exposes consumers to that substance, unless the exposure falls under an established safe harbor level or another exemption is applicable. For additional information regarding Proposition 65, refer to the heading “Governmental Regulation” set forth in Part I, “Item 1. Business” of this report. If we were required to add Proposition 65 warnings on the labels of one or more of our beverage products produced for sale in California, the resulting consumer reaction to the warnings and potential adverse publicity could negatively affect our sales both in California and in other markets.
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Litigation claims or legal proceedings could expose us to significant liabilities and damage our reputation.

We are party to various litigation claims and legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, those arising out of our advertising and marketing practices, product claims and labels, competition, distribution and pricing, ingredients or processing, personal data protection and privacy, intellectual property and commercial disputes, tax disputes, and environmental and employment matters. We evaluate these litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we establish reserves and/or disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from our current assessments and estimates.
We conduct business in markets with high-risk legal compliance environments, which exposes us to increased legal and reputational risk.

We have bottling and other business operations in markets with high-risk legal compliance environments. Our policies and procedures require strict compliance by our employees and agents with all United States and local laws and regulations and consent orders applicable to our business operations, including those prohibiting improper payments to government officials. Nonetheless, our policies, procedures and related training programs may not always ensure full compliance by our employees and agents with all applicable legal requirements. Improper conduct by our employees or agents could damage our reputation in the United States and internationally or lead to litigation or legal proceedings that could result in civil or criminal penalties, including substantial monetary fines as well as disgorgement of profits.
Failure to adequately protect, or disputes relating to, trademarks, formulas and other intellectual property rights could harm our business.

Our trademarks, formulas and other intellectual property rights (refer to the heading “Patents, Copyrights, Trade Secrets and Trademarks” in Part I, “Item 1. Business” of this report) are essential to the success of our business. We cannot be certain that the legal steps we are taking around the world are sufficient to protect our intellectual property rights or that, notwithstanding legal protection, others do not or will not infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property rights. If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property rights, or if changes in laws diminish or remove the current legal protections available to them, the competitiveness of our products may be eroded and our business could suffer. In addition, we could come into conflict with third parties over intellectual property rights, which could result in disruptive and expensive litigation. Any of the foregoing could harm our business.
Changes in, or failure to comply with, the laws and regulations applicable to our products or our business operations could increase our costs or reduce our net operating revenues.

Our Company is subject to various laws and regulations in the countries and territories throughout the world in which we do business, including laws and regulations relating to competition, distribution and pricing, product safety and quality, product design, advertising and labeling, container deposits, recycling, recycled content, extended producer responsibility, the protection of the environment, occupational health and safety, employment and labor practices (including human rights), machine learning and artificial intelligence (including generative artificial intelligence), personal data protection and privacy, and data security. For additional information regarding laws and regulations applicable to our business, refer to the heading “Governmental Regulation” set forth in Part I, “Item 1. Business” of this report. Changes in applicable laws or regulations or evolving interpretations thereof, changes in enforcement priorities of regulators, and differing or competing regulations and standards across the markets where our products or raw materials are made, manufactured, distributed or sold, have in the past resulted in, and could continue to result in, higher compliance costs, higher capital expenditures and higher production costs, or make it necessary for us to reformulate certain of our products, resulting in adverse effects on our business. In addition, increased or additional regulations to limit and/or report carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions as a result of concern over climate change; to discourage the use of plastic materials, including regulations relating to recovery and/or disposal of plastic bottles and other packaging materials due to environmental concerns; to limit or impose additional costs on commercial water use due to local water scarcity concerns; or to address wastewater discharge to protect local bodies of water, have in the past and could continue to result in increased compliance costs, capital expenditures and other financial obligations for us and our bottling partners, which could affect our profitability, or may impede the production, distribution, marketing and sale of our products, which could affect our net operating revenues. The legal and regulatory landscape for certain new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, is uncertain and evolving, and our compliance obligations could increase our costs or limit how we may use these technologies. Failure to comply with various laws and regulations (or allegations thereof), such as U.S. trade sanctions, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control trade sanction regulations and anti-boycott regulations; antitrust and competition laws; anti-modern slavery laws; anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws; data privacy laws, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and China’s Personal Information Protection Law; tax laws and regulations; and a variety of other applicable local, national and multinational regulations and laws, could result in litigation or criminal or civil enforcement actions, including voluntary and involuntary
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document requests, the assessment of damages, the imposition of penalties, the suspension of production or distribution, costly changes to equipment or processes due to required corrective action, or the cessation or interruption of operations at our or our bottling partners’ facilities, as well as damage to our or our bottling partners’ image and reputation, all of which could harm our or our bottling partners’ profitability.
RISKS RELATED TO FINANCE, ACCOUNTING AND INVESTMENTS

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

We earn revenues, pay expenses, own assets and incur liabilities in countries using many currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In 2025, we derived $28.8 billion of net operating revenues from operations outside the United States. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues, income and expenses, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies affect our net operating revenues, operating income and the value of balance sheet items denominated in foreign currencies. Global events, including political instability, international conflicts, trade disputes, tariffs, economic sanctions, inflation, increasing interest rates and emerging market volatility, and the resulting uncertainties, may cause currencies to fluctuate in relation to the U.S. dollar. Due to the geographic diversity of our operations, weakness in some currencies may be offset by strength in other currencies over time. We also use derivative financial instruments to further reduce our net exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. However, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies or the currencies of large developing countries, could materially affect our financial results.
If interest rates increase, our net income could be negatively affected.

We maintain levels of debt that we consider prudent based on our cash flows, interest coverage ratio and percentage of debt to capital. We use debt financing to lower our cost of capital, which increases our return on shareowners’ equity. This exposes us to adverse changes in interest rates. When and to the extent appropriate, we use derivative financial instruments to reduce our exposure to interest rate risks. However, our financial risk management program may not be successful in reducing the risks inherent in exposures to interest rate fluctuations. Our interest expense may also be affected by our credit ratings. In assessing our credit strength, credit rating agencies consider our capital structure and financial policies as well as the consolidated balance sheet and other financial information of the Company. In addition, some credit rating agencies also consider financial information of certain of our major bottling partners. It is our expectation that the credit rating agencies will continue using this methodology. If our credit ratings were to be downgraded as a result of changes in our capital structure; our major bottling partners’ financial performance; changes in the credit rating agencies’ methodology in assessing our credit strength; the credit agencies’ perception of the impact of credit market conditions on our or our major bottling partners’ current or future financial performance and financial condition; or for any other reason, our cost of borrowing could increase. Additionally, if the credit ratings of certain bottling partners in which we have equity method investments were to be downgraded, such bottling partners’ interest expense could increase, which would reduce our equity income.
If we are unable to achieve our overall long-term growth objectives, the value of an investment in our Company could be negatively affected.

We have established and publicly announced certain long-term growth objectives. These objectives are based on, among other things, our evaluation of our growth prospects, which are generally driven by the sales potential of our many beverage products, some of which are more profitable than others, and on an assessment of the potential price and product mix. We may not be able to realize the sales potential and the price and product mix necessary to achieve our long-term growth objectives.
Default by or failure of one or more of our counterparty financial institutions could cause us to incur significant losses.

As part of our hedging activities, we enter into transactions involving derivative financial instruments, including forward contracts, commodity futures contracts, option contracts, collars and swaps, with various financial institutions. In addition, we have significant amounts of cash, cash equivalents and other investments on deposit or in accounts with banks or other financial institutions in the United States and abroad. As a result, we are exposed to the risk of default by or failure of counterparty financial institutions. The risk of counterparty default or failure may be heightened during economic downturns and periods of uncertainty in the financial markets. If one of our counterparties were to become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover losses incurred as a result of default or to retrieve our assets that are deposited or held in accounts with such counterparty may be limited by the counterparty’s liquidity or the applicable laws governing the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. In the event of default by or failure of one or more of our counterparties, we could incur significant losses, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We may be required to recognize impairment charges that could materially affect our financial results.

We assess our noncurrent assets, including trademarks, goodwill and other intangible assets, equity method investments and other long-lived assets, as and when required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to determine
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whether they are impaired and, if they are, we record appropriate impairment charges. Our equity method investees also perform similar recoverability and impairment tests, and we record our proportionate share of impairment charges recorded by them adjusted, as appropriate, for the impact of items such as basis differences, deferred taxes and deferred gains. We have recorded in the past, and we may be required to record in the future, significant impairment charges or our proportionate share of significant impairment charges recorded by equity method investees in the future and, if we do so, our net income could be materially adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PRIVACY
If we are unable to protect our information systems against service interruption, misappropriation of data or cybersecurity incidents, our operations could be disrupted, we may suffer financial losses and our reputation may be damaged.

We rely on computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets (“information systems”), including the Internet and third-party hosted services, to support a variety of business processes and activities, including procurement and supply chain, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing and collection of payments, employee processes, consumer marketing, mergers and acquisitions, and research and development. We use information systems to process financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting and legal and tax requirements. In addition, we depend on information systems for digital marketing activities and electronic communications among our locations around the world and between Company employees and our bottlers, customers, suppliers, consumers and other third parties. Because information systems are critical to many of the Company’s operating activities, our business may be impacted by system shutdowns, service disruptions or cybersecurity incidents. These incidents may be caused by failures during routine operations, such as system upgrades, or by user errors, as well as network or hardware failures, malicious or disruptive software, unintentional or malicious actions of employees or contractors, cyberattacks by hackers, criminal groups, nation-state organizations or other threat actors (which may include deepfake or social engineering schemes, worms, phishing, spyware, ransomware and other forms of malware, business email compromise, cyber extortion, denial of service, or attempts to exploit vulnerabilities or gain unauthorized access), geopolitical events, natural disasters, failures or impairments of telecommunications networks, or other catastrophic events. Despite our efforts to protect the security of our information systems, cybercriminals have increasingly demonstrated advanced capabilities, such as use of zero-day vulnerabilities and rapid integration of new technology such as generative artificial intelligence. In addition, cybersecurity incidents could result in unauthorized or accidental access to or disclosure of material confidential information or regulated personal data. If our information systems or third-party information systems on which we rely suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown and our business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, we could experience delays in reporting our financial results, and we may lose revenue and profits as a result of our inability to timely manufacture, distribute, invoice and collect payments for concentrates or finished products. Unauthorized or accidental access to, or destruction, loss, alteration, disclosure, falsification or unavailability of, information or unauthorized access to machines and equipment could result in violations of data protection laws and regulations, misuse or malfunction of machines and equipment, damage to the reputation and credibility of the Company, loss of opportunities to acquire or divest of businesses or brands, and loss of ability to commercialize products developed through research and development efforts and, therefore, could have a negative impact on net operating revenues. In addition, we may suffer financial and reputational damage because of lost or misappropriated confidential information belonging to us, our current or former employees, our bottling partners, other customers or suppliers, or consumers or other data subjects, and we may become exposed to legal action and increased regulatory oversight, including governmental investigations, enforcement actions and regulatory fines. The Company could also be required to spend significant financial and other resources to remedy the damage caused by a cybersecurity incident or to repair or replace networks and information systems. These risks are also present with respect to our bottling partners, distributors, joint venture partners and suppliers that generally use separate information systems, not integrated with the information systems of the Company, and that have cybersecurity systems and environments that differ in scope and complexity from our overall cybersecurity systems and environments. While we have established a third-party risk management program designed to address security risks and help protect against the misuse of information technology, including relating to our bottling partners, our ability to monitor security measures of third parties is limited, and we may experience secondary contractual, regulatory financial and reputational harm as a result of cybersecurity attacks, phishing attacks, viruses, malware, ransomware, hacking or similar breaches experienced by our bottling partners. These risks may also be heightened to the extent a business or bottler we have acquired maintains separate cybersecurity systems and environments that may differ in scope and complexity from our own.
Like most major corporations, the Company’s information systems are a target of attacks. In addition, third-party providers of data hosting or cloud services, as well as our bottling partners, distributors, joint venture partners, suppliers or acquired businesses that use separate information systems, may experience cybersecurity incidents that may involve data we share with them. Although the cybersecurity incidents that we have experienced to date, as well as those reported to us by our third-party partners, have not had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, such incidents could have a material adverse effect on us in the future. In order to address risks to our information systems, we continue to make investments in personnel, technologies and training. Data protection laws and regulations around the world often require
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“reasonable,” “appropriate” or “adequate” technical and organizational security measures, and the interpretation and application of those laws and regulations are often uncertain and evolving; there can be no assurance that our security measures will be deemed adequate, appropriate or reasonable by a regulator or court. Moreover, even security measures that are deemed adequate, appropriate, reasonable or in accordance with applicable legal requirements may not protect the information we maintain against increasingly sophisticated attacks. In addition to potential fines, we could be subject to mandatory corrective action due to a cybersecurity incident, which could adversely affect our business operations and result in substantial costs for years to come. While we have purchased cybersecurity insurance, there are no assurances that the coverage would be sufficient in type or amount in relation to any incurred losses. Moreover, as cyberattacks increase in frequency and magnitude, we may be unable to obtain cybersecurity insurance in types and amounts we view as appropriate for our operations.
If we fail to comply with privacy and data protection laws, we could be subject to adverse publicity, business disruption, data loss, government enforcement actions and/or private litigation, any of which could negatively affect our business and operating results.

In the ordinary course of our business, we receive, process, transmit and store information relating to identifiable individuals (“personal data”), including employees, former employees, vendors, third-party personnel, customers and consumers with whom we interact. As a result, we are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in numerous jurisdictions regarding privacy and data protection. These privacy and data protection laws may include different standards and obligations or may be interpreted and applied differently from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements. In addition, new legislation in this area may be enacted in other jurisdictions at any time or may revise the law in jurisdictions that already have privacy regulations. These laws impose operational requirements for companies receiving or processing personal data, and many provide for significant penalties for noncompliance. Some laws and regulations also impose obligations or restrictions regarding cross-border data transfers of personal data. These requirements with respect to personal data have subjected and may continue in the future to subject the Company to, among other things, additional costs and expenses, and have required and may in the future require costly changes to our business practices and information technology and security systems, policies, procedures and practices. In addition, some countries are considering or have enacted data localization or residency laws, which require that certain data be maintained, stored and/or processed within their country of origin. Maintaining local data centers in individual countries could increase our operating costs significantly. Our security controls over personal data, the training of employees and vendors on data privacy and data security, and the policies, procedures and practices we have implemented or may implement in the future may not prevent the improper disclosure of personal data by us or the third-party service providers and vendors whose technology, systems and services we use in connection with the receipt, storage and transmission of personal data. Our bottling partners, distributors, joint venture partners and suppliers have privacy and security controls and policies over personal data that differ in scope and complexity from our policies, procedures and practices, and we may also experience secondary contractual, regulatory, financial and reputational harm as a result of improper disclosure of personal data by our bottling partners or other third parties. Unauthorized access to or improper disclosure of personal data in violation of privacy and data protection laws could harm our reputation, cause loss of consumer confidence, subject us to regulatory enforcement actions (including penalties, fines and investigations) and result in private litigation against us, which could result in loss of revenue, increased costs, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, all of which could negatively affect our business and operating results. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses to comply with privacy and data protection standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards and contractual obligations. Increased regulation of data collection, use, disclosure and retention practices, including self-regulation and industry standards, changes in existing laws and regulations, enactment of new laws and regulations, increased enforcement activity and changes in interpretation of laws, could increase our cost of compliance and operation, limit our ability to grow our business or otherwise harm our business.
RISKS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS

Our business is subject to evolving sustainability regulatory requirements and expectations, which exposes us to increased costs and legal and reputational risks.
We have established and publicly announced sustainability goals and aspirations. These voluntary goals reflect our current plans and aspirations, are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them, and are subject to change. Our ability to achieve our sustainability goals and aspirations and to accurately and transparently report our progress presents numerous operational, financial, legal and other risks and is dependent on the actions of our bottling partners, suppliers and other third parties, some of which are outside of our control, and certain of our goals may also require collaboration with industry peers, local governments and civil society. If we are unable to meet our goals or evolving stakeholder expectations and industry standards, or if we are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for sustainability issues, our reputation, and therefore our ability to sell products, could be negatively impacted. In addition, in recent years, investor advocacy groups and certain institutional investors have placed increasing importance on sustainability. If, as a result of their assessment of our sustainability practices, certain investors are unsatisfied with our actions or progress, they may reconsider their investment in our Company. At the same time, there also exists “anti-ESG” sentiment among certain stakeholders and government entities, which may result
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in scrutiny, reputational risk, product boycotts, lawsuits or market access restrictions from these parties regarding our sustainability policies, practices or initiatives.
Increasing focus on sustainability matters has resulted in, and is expected to continue to result in, evolving legal and regulatory requirements, including mandatory due diligence, disclosure and reporting requirements, as well as a variety of voluntary disclosure frameworks and standards across jurisdictions. We have incurred, and are likely to continue to incur, increased costs complying with such standards and regulations, particularly given the lack of convergence among standards. In addition, our systems, processes and controls may not always comply with evolving standards and regulations for identifying, measuring and reporting sustainability metrics; our interpretation of reporting standards and regulations may differ from those of others; and such standards and regulations may change over time, any of which could result in significant revisions to our goals or reported progress in achieving such goals. In addition, methodologies for reporting our data may be updated and previously reported data may be adjusted to reflect improvement in availability and quality of our or third-party data, changing assumptions, changes in the nature and scope of our operations (including from acquisitions and divestitures), and other changes in circumstances, as well as correction of identified errors in data reporting. Any failure or perceived failure, whether or not valid, to pursue or fulfill our sustainability goals and aspirations or to satisfy various sustainability reporting standards or regulatory requirements within the timelines we announce, or at all, could increase the risk of litigation or result in regulatory actions.
Increasing concerns about the environmental impact of plastic bottles and other packaging materials could result in reduced demand for our beverage products and increased production and distribution costs.

There are increasing concerns among certain consumers, governments and other stakeholders about the damaging impact of the accumulation of plastic bottles and other packaging materials in the environment, particularly in the world’s waterways, lakes and oceans, as well as inefficient use of resources when packaging materials are not collected and recycled or reused. We and our bottling partners sell certain of our beverage products in plastic bottles and use other packaging materials that, while largely recyclable, may not be regularly recovered and recycled due to lack of collection and recycling infrastructure. If we and our bottling partners do not, or are perceived not to, act responsibly to address plastic materials recoverability and recycling concerns and associated waste management issues, our corporate image and brand reputation could be damaged, which may cause some consumers to reduce or discontinue consumption of some of our beverage products. In addition, from time to time we establish and publicly announce voluntary goals to reduce the Coca-Cola system’s impact on the environment by, for example, using more recycled content in our packaging materials. We have also taken and continue to take actions to expand our use of reusable packaging (including refillable or returnable glass and plastic bottles, as well as dispensed and fountain delivery models where consumers use refillable containers for our beverages); participate in programs and initiatives to reclaim or recover bottles and other packaging materials that are already in the environment; and take other actions and participate in other programs and initiatives organized or sponsored by nongovernmental organizations and other groups. If we and our bottling partners fail to achieve or improperly report on our progress toward achieving our announced environmental goals, or revise our goals, and/or discontinue our environmental initiatives, the resulting negative publicity could adversely affect consumer preference for our products. In addition, tariffs and trade policies may impact the availability and cost of alternative packaging materials, leading us to rely more on plastic packaging than desired.
In response to environmental concerns, governmental entities in the United States and in many other jurisdictions around the world have adopted, or are considering adopting, regulations and policies designed to mandate or encourage plastic packaging waste reduction and an increase in recycling rates and/or recycled content minimums, or, in some cases, restrict or even prohibit the use of certain plastic containers or packaging materials. These regulations and policies, whatever their scope or form, could increase the cost of our beverage products or otherwise put the Company at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, our increased focus on reducing plastic container waste and other packaging materials waste has in the past and may continue to require us or our bottling partners to incur additional expenses and to increase our capital expenditures. A reduction in consumer demand for our products and/or an increase in costs and expenditures relating to production and distribution as a result of these environmental concerns regarding plastic bottles and other packaging materials could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Water scarcity and poor quality could negatively impact the Coca-Cola system’s costs and capacity.

Water is a main ingredient in substantially all of our products, is vital to the production of the agricultural ingredients on which our business relies and is needed in our manufacturing process. It also is critical to the prosperity of the communities we serve and the ecosystems in which we operate. Water is a limited resource in many parts of the world, facing unprecedented challenges from overexploitation; increasing agricultural demand and other consumer and industrial products whose manufacturing processes require water; increasing pollution and emerging awareness of potential contaminants; poor management; lack of physical or financial access to water; sociopolitical tensions due to lack of public infrastructure in certain areas of the world; and the effects of climate change. As the demand for water continues to increase around the world, and as water becomes scarcer and the quality of available water deteriorates, the Coca-Cola system may incur higher costs or face capacity constraints and the possibility of reputational damage, which could adversely affect our profitability.
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Increased demand for food products, decreased agricultural productivity and increased regulation of ingredient sourcing due diligence may negatively affect our business.
As part of the manufacture of our beverage products, we and our bottling partners use a number of key ingredients that are derived from agricultural commodities such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beets, citrus and other fruits, coffee and tea. Increased demand for food products; decreased agricultural productivity in certain regions of the world as a result of changing weather patterns; loss of biodiversity; increased agricultural regulations, including regulation of ingredient sourcing due diligence; and other factors have in the past, and may in the future, limit the availability and/or increase the cost of such agricultural commodities and could impact the food security of communities around the world. If we are unable to implement programs focused on economic opportunity and environmental sustainability to address these agricultural challenges and fail to make a strategic impact on food security through joint efforts with bottlers, farmers, communities, suppliers and key partners, as well as through our increased and continued investment in more sustainable agriculture, our ability to source raw materials for use in our manufacturing processes, the affordability of our products and ultimately our business and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
Climate change and legal or regulatory responses thereto may have a long-term adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

There is ongoing concern that a gradual increase in global average temperatures due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is causing significant changes in weather patterns around the globe and an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Decreased agricultural productivity in certain regions of the world as a result of changing weather patterns may limit the availability or increase the cost of key agricultural commodities, such as sugarcane, corn, sugar beets, citrus and other fruits, coffee and tea, which are important ingredients for our products, and could impact the food security of communities around the world. Climate change may also exacerbate extreme weather, resulting in water scarcity or flooding, and cause a further deterioration of water quality in affected regions, which could limit water availability for the Coca-Cola system’s bottling operations. Increased frequency or duration of extreme weather conditions could also impair production capabilities, disrupt our supply chain or impact demand for our products. Ongoing concern over climate change also may result in additional legal or regulatory requirements designed to reduce or mitigate the effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, and/or may result in increased disclosure obligations. Increased energy or compliance costs and expenses due to increased legal or regulatory requirements may cause disruptions in, or an increase in the costs associated with, the manufacturing and distribution of our beverage products. The physical effects and transition costs of climate change and legal, regulatory or market initiatives to address climate change could have a long-term adverse impact on our business and results of operations. In addition, we and our bottling partners have taken, and continue to take, actions to reduce the Coca-Cola system’s carbon footprint, for example, by increasing our use of recycled packaging materials, expanding our renewable energy usage, and participating in environmental and sustainability programs and initiatives organized or sponsored by nongovernmental organizations and other groups to reduce greenhouse gas emissions industrywide. If we fail to achieve or improperly report on our progress toward achieving our emission reduction goals, or if we and our bottling partners discontinue our sustainability initiatives to reduce the Coca-Cola system’s carbon footprint, the resulting negative publicity could adversely affect consumer preference for our beverage products.
Adverse weather conditions could reduce the demand for our products.

The sales of our products are influenced to some extent by weather conditions in the markets in which we operate. Unusually cold or rainy weather during the summer months may have a temporary effect on the demand for our products and contribute to lower sales, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations for such periods.
ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 1C.  CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We face various cybersecurity risks, including, but not limited to, risks related to unauthorized access, misuse, data theft, computer viruses, system disruptions, ransomware, malicious software and other intrusions. We utilize a multilayered, proactive approach to identify, evaluate, mitigate and prevent potential cybersecurity and information security threats through our cybersecurity risk management program.
Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our broader Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program
, which is designed to identify, assess, prioritize and mitigate risks across the organization to enhance our resilience and support the achievement of our strategic objectives. This integrated approach helps ensure that cyber risks are not viewed in isolation, but are assessed, prioritized and managed in alignment with the Company’s operational, financial and strategic risks, assisting the Company in more effectively managing interdependencies among risks and enhancing risk mitigation strategies.
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We devote significant resources to protecting the security of our computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets. Our efforts are designed to adapt with the evolution of information security risks and appropriate best practices and include physical, administrative and technical safeguards. Our practices are generally developed from, and benchmarked against, recognized cybersecurity frameworks, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework. Our acquired businesses and consolidated bottling operations maintain separate cybersecurity systems and environments that may differ in scope and complexity from our own. However, for all consolidated entities, our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to help coordinate the Company’s identification of, response to and recovery from cybersecurity incidents and includes processes to triage, assess the severity of, escalate, contain, investigate and remediate incidents, as well as to comply with applicable legal obligations.
Our internal audit team assesses the effectiveness of our internal controls relating to cybersecurity. Our management team also engages certain outside advisors and consultants to assist in the identification, oversight, evaluation and management of cybersecurity risks on a regular basis, as well as to advise on specific topics. For example, we conduct tests that help discover potential vulnerabilities, including external penetration testing and tabletop and other exercises, to evaluate our core information systems and cybersecurity practices that enable improved decision-making and prioritization, as well as to promote monitoring and reporting across compliance functions.
As part of our overall risk mitigation strategy, the Company also maintains cybersecurity insurance coverage; however, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other related incidents.
In order to oversee and identify risks from cyb
ersecurity threats associated with the Company’s independent bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers, retailers and other business partners, as well as our use of third-party service providers, we maintain a third-party risk management program designed to help protect against the misuse of information technology. We have various processes and procedures to evaluate cybersecurity threats associated with third parties, including requiring key third-party service providers to complete initial and periodic security assessments. In addition, our Global Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) and other senior leaders regularly meet with key bottling partners to discuss cybersecurity risks and mitigation programs in order to advance risk management capabilities and proactively share cybersecurity guidelines and best practices.

We do not believe that there are currently any risks from known cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.
However, we have been the target of cyberattacks and expect them to continue as cybersecurity threats have been rapidly evolving in sophistication and becoming more prevalent in the industry. We cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats or provide assurances that we have not experienced an undetected cybersecurity incident in the past or that we will not experience such an incident in the future. For more information on the risks from cybersecurity threats that we face, refer to Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
Cybersecurity Governance and Oversight
The Company’s cybersecurity risk management program is supervised by our CISO, who reports directly to the Company’s Chief Information Officer (“CIO”). The CISO and his team are responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes.

Our current CISO received his Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia University and has over 25 years of cybersecurity experience, including relevant prior senior leadership positions held with three other large companies.
The CISO chairs the Company’s Cybersecurity Oversight Council, a cross-functional management committee that drives awareness, ownership and alignment across broad governance and risk stakeholder groups for effective cybersecurity risk management. The Cybersecurity Oversight Council is sponsored by the Company’s Global General Counsel and CIO and is composed of senior leaders from our privacy, legal, information technology, cybersecurity, internal audit, and global security and asset protection functions, among others. Subject matter experts are also invited, as appropriate. The Cybersecurity Oversight Council meets at least quarterly and has responsibility for oversight and validation of the Company’s cybersecurity strategic direction, risks, threats and priorities. The Cybersecurity Oversight Council acts in alignment with the Company’s Risk Steering Committee, another cross-functional management committee, which provides strategic direction and oversight over the Company’s ERM program.
The CISO and his team are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in accordance with the Company’s cyber incident response plan.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is charged with oversight of cybersecurity matters and receives regular reports from the CISO and the CIO
on, among other things, the Company’s cyber risks and threats, the status of projects to strengthen the Company’s information security systems, assessments of the Company’s security program and the emerging threat landscape.

In accordance with our cybersecurity incident response plan, the Audit Committee is promptly informed by management of cybersecurity incidents with the potential to materially adversely affect the Company or its information systems and is regularly updated about incidents with lesser impact potential. The Chair of the Audit Committee regularly briefs the full Board on these matters. In addition, the Board also periodically receives cybersecurity updates directly from management.

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In an effort to detect and defend against cybersecurity threats, the Company annually provides its employees with various cybersecurity and data protection training programs. These programs cover timely and relevant topics, including social engineering, phishing, deepfakes, password protection, confidential data protection, asset use and mobile security, and educate employees on the importance of reporting all incidents promptly to the Company’s centrally managed cyber defense and security operations.

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES
Our worldwide headquarters is located on a 35-acre complex in Atlanta, Georgia. The complex includes several office buildings which are used by Corporate employees and North America operating segment employees. In addition, the complex includes technical and engineering facilities along with a reception center.
We own or lease additional facilities, real estate and office space throughout the world, which we use for administrative, manufacturing, processing, packaging, storage, warehousing, distribution and retail operations. These properties are generally included in the geographic operating segment in which they are located, with the exception of facilities related to our consolidated bottling and distribution operations, which are included in the Bottling Investments operating segment, and Costa retail stores, which are included in the EMEA operating segment, regardless of geographic location.
The following table summarizes our principal production facilities, distribution and storage facilities, and retail stores by operating segment and Corporate as of December 31, 2025:
Principal Concentrate and/or Syrup Plants Principal Beverage Manufacturing/Bottling Plants Principal Distribution and Storage Facilities Principal Retail Stores
Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned Leased Owned Leased
EMEA 6 — 2 — — 7 — 1,379
Latin America 5 — — — 2 3 — —
North America 9 — 7 1 — 28 — —
Asia Pacific 6 1 1 — 1 3 — —
Bottling Investments — — 56 5 53 68 — —
Corporate 3 — — — — 5 — —
Total 29 1 66 6 56 114 — 1,379

Management believes that our Company’s facilities used for the production of our products are suitable and adequate, that they are being appropriately utilized in line with past experience, and that they have sufficient production capacity for their present intended purposes. The extent of utilization of our production facilities varies based upon seasonal demand for our products. However, management believes that, with the exception of certain dairy products that require specialized equipment, additional production can be achieved at the existing facilities by adding personnel and capital equipment or, at some facilities, by adding shifts of personnel or expanding the facilities. The Company is in the process of increasing our dairy production capacity. We continuously review our anticipated requirements for facilities and, on the basis of that review, may from time to time acquire or lease additional facilities and/or dispose of existing facilities.
ITEM 3.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings, including the proceedings specifically discussed below. Management
believes that, except as disclosed in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Dispute”

below, the total liabilities of the Company that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company taken as a whole.
Aqua-Chem Litigation
On December 20, 2002, the Company filed a lawsuit (The Coca-Cola Company v. Aqua-Chem, Inc., Civil Action No. 2002CV631-50) in the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia (“Georgia case”), seeking a declaratory judgment that the Company has no obligation to its former subsidiary, Aqua-Chem, Inc., now known as Cleaver-Brooks, Inc. (“Aqua-Chem”), for any past, present or future liabilities or expenses in connection with any claims or lawsuits against Aqua-Chem. Subsequent to the Company’s filing but on the same day, Aqua-Chem filed a lawsuit (Aqua-Chem, Inc. v. The Coca-Cola Company, Civil Action No. 02CV012179) in the Circuit Court, Civil Division of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin (“Wisconsin case”). In the Wisconsin case, Aqua-Chem sought a declaratory judgment that the Company is responsible for all liabilities and expenses not covered by insurance in connection with certain of Aqua-Chem’s general and product liability claims arising from occurrences prior to the Company’s sale of Aqua-Chem in 1981, and a judgment for breach of contract in an amount exceeding $9 million for costs incurred by Aqua-Chem to date in connection with such claims. The Wisconsin case initially was stayed, pending final resolution of the Georgia case, and later was voluntarily dismissed without prejudice by Aqua-Chem.
28
The Company owned Aqua-Chem from 1970 to 1981. During that time, the Company purchased over $400 million of insurance coverage, which also insures Aqua-Chem for some of its prior and future costs for certain product liability and other claims. The Company sold Aqua-Chem to Lyonnaise American Holding, Inc., in 1981 under the terms of a stock sale agreement. The 1981 agreement, and a subsequent 1983 settlement agreement, outlined the parties’ rights and obligations concerning past and future claims and lawsuits involving Aqua-Chem. Cleaver-Brooks, a division of Aqua-Chem, manufactured boilers, some of which contained asbestos gaskets. Aqua-Chem was first named as a defendant in asbestos lawsuits in or around 1985 and currently has approximately 15,000 active claims pending against it.
The parties agreed in 2004 to stay the Georgia case pending the outcome of insurance coverage litigation filed by certain Aqua-Chem insurers on March 26, 2004. In the coverage action, five plaintiff insurance companies filed suit (Century Indemnity Company, et al. v. Aqua-Chem, Inc., The Coca-Cola Company, et al., Case No. 04CV002852) in the Circuit Court, Civil Division of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, against the Company, Aqua-Chem and 16 insurance companies. Several of the policies that were the subject of the coverage action had been issued to the Company during the period (1970 to 1981) when the Company owned Aqua-Chem. The complaint sought a determination of the respective rights and obligations under the insurance policies issued with regard to asbestos-related claims against Aqua-Chem. The action also sought a monetary judgment reimbursing any amounts paid by the plaintiffs in excess of their obligations. Two of the insurers, one with a $15 million policy limit and one with a $25 million policy limit, asserted cross-claims against the Company, alleging that the Company and/or its insurers are responsible for Aqua-Chem’s asbestos liabilities before any obligation is triggered on the part of the cross-claimant insurers to pay for such costs under their policies.
Aqua-Chem and the Company filed and obtained a partial summary judgment determination in the coverage action that the insurers for Aqua-Chem and the Company were jointly and severally liable for coverage amounts, but reserving judgment on other defenses that might apply. During the course of the Wisconsin insurance coverage litigation, Aqua-Chem and the Company reached settlements with several of the insurers, including plaintiffs, who paid funds into escrow accounts for payment of costs arising from the asbestos claims against Aqua-Chem. On July 24, 2007, the Wisconsin trial court entered a final declaratory judgment regarding the rights and obligations of the parties under the insurance policies issued by the remaining defendant insurers, which judgment was not appealed. The judgment directs, among other things, that each insurer whose policy is triggered is jointly and severally liable for 100% of Aqua-Chem’s losses up to policy limits. The court’s judgment concluded the Wisconsin insurance coverage litigation.
The Company and Aqua-Chem continued to pursue and obtain coverage agreements for the asbestos-related claims against Aqua-Chem with those insurance companies that did not settle in the Wisconsin insurance coverage litigation. The Company anticipated that a final settlement with three of those insurers (“Chartis insurers”) would be finalized in May 2011, but the Chartis insurers repudiated their settlement commitments and, as a result, Aqua-Chem and the Company filed suit against them in Wisconsin state court to enforce the coverage-in-place settlement or, in the alternative, to obtain a declaratory judgment validating Aqua-Chem and the Company’s interpretation of the court’s judgment in the Wisconsin insurance coverage litigation.
In February 2012, the parties filed and argued a number of cross-motions for summary judgment related to the issues of the enforceability of the settlement agreement and the exhaustion of policies underlying those of the Chartis insurers. The court granted defendants’ motions for summary judgment that the 2011 Settlement Agreement and 2010 Term Sheet were not binding contracts, but denied their similar motions related to plaintiffs’ claims for promissory and/or equitable estoppel. On or about May 15, 2012, the parties entered into a mutually agreeable settlement/stipulation resolving two major issues: exhaustion of underlying coverage and control of defense. On or about January 10, 2013, the parties reached a settlement of the estoppel claims and all of the remaining coverage issues, with the exception of one disputed issue relating to the scope of the Chartis insurers’ defense obligations in two policy years. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of the Company and Aqua-Chem on that one open issue and entered a final appealable judgment to that effect following the parties’ settlement. On January 23, 2013, the Chartis insurers filed a notice of appeal of the trial court’s summary judgment ruling. On October 29, 2013, the Wisconsin Court of Appeals affirmed the grant of summary judgment in favor of the Company and Aqua-Chem. On November 27, 2013, the Chartis insurers filed a petition for review in the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, and on December 11, 2013, the Company filed its opposition to that petition. On April 16, 2014, the Supreme Court of Wisconsin denied the Chartis insurers’ petition for review.
The Georgia case remains subject to the stay agreed to in 2004.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Dispute
On September 17, 2015, the Company received a Statutory Notice of Deficiency (“Notice”) from the IRS seeking approximately $
3.3
billion of additional federal income tax for years 2007 through 2009. In the Notice, the IRS stated its intent to reallocate over $
9
 billion of income to the U.S. parent company from certain of its foreign affiliates that the U.S. parent company licensed to manufacture, distribute, sell, market and promote its products in certain non-U.S. markets.
29
The Notice concerned the Company’s transfer pricing between its U.S. parent company and certain of its foreign affiliates. IRS rules governing transfer pricing require arm’s-length pricing of transactions between related parties such as the Company’s U.S. parent and its foreign affiliates.
To resolve the same transfer pricing issue for the tax years 1987 through 1995, the Company and the IRS had agreed in 1996 on an arm’s-length methodology for determining the amount of U.S. taxable income that the U.S. parent company would report as compensation from its foreign licensees. The Company and the IRS memorialized this accord in a closing agreement resolving that dispute (“Closing Agreement”). The Closing Agreement provided that, absent a change in material facts or circumstances or relevant federal tax law, in calculating the Company’s income taxes going forward, the Company would not be assessed penalties by the IRS for using the agreed-upon tax calculation methodology that the Company and the IRS agreed would be used for the 1987 through 1995 tax years.
The IRS audited and confirmed the Company’s compliance with the agreed-upon Closing Agreement methodology in five successive audit cycles for tax years 1996 through 2006.
The September 17, 2015 Notice from the IRS retroactively rejected the previously agreed-upon methodology for the 2007 through 2009 tax years in favor of an entirely different methodology, without prior notice to the Company. Using the new tax calculation methodology, the IRS reallocated over $9 billion of income to the U.S. parent company from its foreign licensees for tax years 2007 through 2009. Consistent with the Closing Agreement, the IRS did not assert penalties, and it has yet to do so.
The IRS designated the Company’s matter for litigation on October 15, 2015. Litigation designation is an IRS determination that forecloses to a company any and all alternative means for resolution of a tax dispute. As a result of the IRS’ designation of the Company’s matter for litigation, the Company was forced to either accept the IRS’ newly imposed tax assessment and pay the full amount of the asserted tax or litigate the matter in the federal courts. The matter remains subject to the IRS’ litigation designation, preventing the Company from any attempt to settle or otherwise mutually resolve the matter with the IRS.
The Company consequently initiated litigation by filing a petition in the Tax Court in December 2015, challenging the tax adjustments enumerated in the Notice.
Prior to trial, the IRS increased its transfer pricing adjustment by $
385
million, resulting in an additional tax adjustment of $
135
 million. The Company obtained a summary judgment in its favor on a different matter related to Mexican foreign tax credits, which thereafter effectively reduced the IRS’ potential tax adjustment by $
138
million.
The trial was held in the Tax Court from March through May 2018, and final post-trial briefs were filed and exchanged in April 2019.
On November 18, 2020, the Tax Court issued the Opinion in which it predominantly sided with the IRS but agreed with the Company that dividends previously paid by the foreign licensees to the U.S. parent company in reliance upon the Closing Agreement should continue to be allowed to offset royalties, including those that would become payable to the Company in accordance with the Opinion. On November 8, 2023, the Tax Court issued a supplemental opinion, siding with the IRS in concluding both that certain U.S. tax regulations (known as the blocked-income regulations) that address the effect of certain Brazilian legal restrictions on royalty payments by the Company’s licensee in Brazil apply to the Company’s operations and that the Tax Court opinion in
3M Co. & Subs. v. Commissioner
(February 9, 2023) (“
3M
case”) controlled as to the validity of those regulations. On October 1, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the judgment of the Tax Court in the 3M case. In its decision, the court concluded that the blocked-income regulation was inconsistent with Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 482 and that the IRS therefore could not reallocate income from 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to 3M in contravention of Brazilian restrictions on the payment of royalties. Further, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit specifically rejected the IRS’ argument that the ability of 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to pay dividends, rather than royalties, meant that royalty income should not be treated as blocked. Both of these conclusions are highly supportive of the Company’s position in its case and reinforce its prior conclusions.
The Company believes that the IRS and the Tax Court misinterpreted and misapplied the applicable regulations in reallocating income earned by the Company’s foreign licensees to increase the Company’s U.S. tax. Moreover, the Company believes that the retroactive imposition of such tax liability using a calculation methodology different from that previously agreed upon by the IRS and the Company, and audited by the IRS for over a decade, is unconstitutional. The Company intends to assert its claims on appeal and vigorously defend its positions. In addition, for its litigation with the IRS and for purposes of its appeal of the Tax Court decision, the Company continues to evaluate the implications of several significant administrative law cases recently decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, most notably
Loper Bright v. Raimondo
, which overruled
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. NRDC
(“
Chevron
case”). Since 1984, the
Chevron
case had required that courts defer to agency interpretations of statutes and agency action. In
Ohio v. EPA
and
Garland v. Cargill
, two of the recent decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court demonstrated how courts are to rule on agency interpretations and actions without the deference previously required by the
Chevron
case.
30
On August 2, 2024, the Tax Court entered a decision reflecting additional federal income tax of $
2.7
billion for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. With applicable interest, the total liability for the 2007 through 2009 tax years resulting from the Tax Court’s decision is $
6.0
billion, for which the IRS issued the Company invoices on September 3, 2024. The Company paid those invoices (“IRS Tax Litigation Deposit”) on September 10, 2024, which stopped interest from accruing on the additional tax due for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. That amount, plus interest earned, would be refunded in full or in part if the Company’s tax positions are ultimately sustained on appeal. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded net interest income of $
217
 million and $
77
 million, respectively, related to this tax payment in the line item income taxes in our consolidated statements of income, in accordance with our accounting policy. The payment of the IRS invoices and the related accrued interest were recorded in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. On October 22, 2024, the Company appealed the Tax Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Company filed its principal appellate brief with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on March 12, 2025. The IRS filed its appellate brief on July 7, 2025. The Company filed its reply brief on August 27, 2025.
In determining the amount of tax reserve to be recorded as of December 31, 2020, the Company completed the required two-step evaluation process prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification 740,
Accounting for Income Taxes
. In doing so, we consulted with outside advisors, and we reviewed and considered relevant laws, rules, and regulations, including, but not limited to, the Opinions and relevant caselaw. We also considered our intention to vigorously defend our positions and assert our various well-founded legal claims via every available avenue of appeal. We concluded, based on the technical and legal merits of the Company’s tax positions, that it is more likely than not the Company’s tax positions will ultimately be sustained on appeal. In addition, we considered a number of alternative transfer pricing methodologies, including the methodology asserted by the IRS and affirmed in the Opinions (“Tax Court Methodology”), that could be applied by the courts upon final resolution of the litigation. Based on the required probability analysis, we determined the methodologies we believe the federal courts could ultimately order to be used in calculating the Company’s tax. As a result of this analysis, we recorded a tax reserve of $
438
 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the application of the resulting methodologies as well as the different tax treatment applicable to dividends originally paid to the U.S. parent company by its foreign licensees, in reliance upon the Closing Agreement, that would be recharacterized as royalties in accordance with the Opinions and the Company’s analysis.
The Company’s conclusion that it is more likely than not the Company’s tax positions will ultimately be sustained on appeal is unchanged as of December 31, 2025. However, based on the required probability analysis and the accrual of interest through the current reporting period, we updated our tax reserve as of December 31, 2025 to $
512
 million.
While the Company strongly disagrees with the IRS’ positions and the portions of the Opinions affirming such positions, it is possible that some portion or all of the adjustments proposed by the IRS and sustained by the Tax Court could ultimately be upheld. In that event, the Company would not receive a refund of the applicable portion or all of the $
6.0
billion it paid in response to the IRS invoices issued in September 2024 and the related accrued interest receivable of $
385
 million as of December 31, 2025. Additionally, the Company would likely be subject to significant additional liabilities for subsequent years, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company calculated the potential impact of applying the Tax Court Methodology to reallocate income from foreign licensees potentially covered within the scope of the Opinions for the 2010 through 2025 tax years, assuming such methodology were to be ultimately upheld by the courts, and the IRS were to decide to apply that methodology to subsequent years, with consent of the federal courts. This impact would include taxes and interest accrued through December 31, 2025. The calculations incorporated the estimated impact of correlative adjustments to the previously accrued transition tax payable under the Tax Reform Act. The Company estimates that the potential aggregate remaining incremental tax and interest liability for the tax years 2010 through 2025 could be approximately $
14
billion as of December 31, 2025. Additional income tax and interest on any unpaid potential liabilities for the 2010 through 2025 tax years would continue to accrue until the time any such potential liability, or portion thereof, were to be paid. We currently project the continued application of the Tax Court Methodology in 2026, assuming similar facts and circumstances as of December 31, 2025, would result in an incremental annual tax liability that would increase the Company’s effective tax rate by approximately
3.5
%.
Environmental Matters
On June 20, 2024, the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore filed a lawsuit against the Company and several unrelated parties in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, concerning the environmental impacts of plastic packaging on the city’s lands and waterways. The complaint asserts claims for (a) violations of various state statutes and local ordinances that prohibit littering or improper dumping of waste on public or private property; (b) unfair, abusive or deceptive trade practices; (c) trespass upon city property; (d) design defects; (e) public nuisance; (f) failure to warn; and (g) negligence. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, compensatory damages and punitive damages but does not specify an amount of damages sought. The Company believes it has strong defenses to the claims. On July 21, 2025, the Baltimore Circuit Court granted in part the
31
Company’s Motion to Dismiss, dismissing with prejudice all claims except the public nuisance claim. Proceedings on the public nuisance claim have been stayed pending the outcome of informative Maryland Supreme Court cases.
On October 30, 2024, Los Angeles County Counsel filed a lawsuit against the Company, Reyes Coca-Cola Bottling, LLC, as well as other unrelated parties (collectively, “Defendants”) in the Superior Court for the State of California for the County of Los Angeles (“Superior Court”) concerning the environmental impacts of plastic packaging on coastal areas and waterways. The complaint asserts (a) state-law claims for public nuisance; (b) violations of California’s Unfair Competition Law; and (c) violations of California’s False Advertising Law. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, restitution and civil penalties but does not specify an amount of damages sought. The Company removed the action to federal court in December 2024, and the case was remanded back to the Superior Court in March 2025. Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss was denied on September 23, 2025. The Company continues to evaluate its options in light of the Superior Court’s decision and believes it has strong defenses to the claims.
On April 11, 2025, the Commissioner of the Department of Licensing and Consumer Affairs and the Government of the United
States Virgin Islands (“USVI”) filed a lawsuit against the Company, CC One Virgin Islands, LLC as well as other unrelated parties in the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, Division of St. Croix, concerning the environmental impacts of plastic packaging in the USVI. The complaint asserts claims for (a) violations of USVI consumer protection statutes and (b) public nuisance. The complaint seeks injunctive relief, restitution and civil penalties but does not specify an amount of damages sought. The Company believes it has strong defenses to the claims.
ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM X.  INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following are the executive officers of our Company as of February 20, 2026:
Name Age Position
Manuel Arroyo 58 Executive Vice President since January 2024. Global Chief Marketing Officer since January 2020 and, prior to that, President of the Asia Pacific Group from January 2019 to December 2020. President of the Mexico business unit from July 2017 to December 2018, and prior to that, General Manager for Iberia from February 2017. Prior to rejoining the Company in February 2017, Chief Executive Officer of Deoleo, S.A., a Spanish multinational olive oil processing company, from May 2015 to September 2016, and Senior Vice President and President, Asia Pacific, of S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., a multinational consumer product manufacturer, from September 2014 to May 2015. President of the Company’s ASEAN business unit from 2010 to August 2014. Effective March 31, 2026, Mr. Arroyo will assume the Company’s customer and commercial leadership responsibilities and become Global Chief Marketing and Customer Commercial Officer.
Henrique Braun 57 Chief Operating Officer since January 2025 and Executive Vice President since January 2024. Senior Vice President from July 2023 to December 2023. President, International Development, with oversight of seven of the Company’s operating units, from January 2023 to December 2024. President of the Latin America operating unit from October 2020 to December 2022. President of the Brazil business unit from September 2016 to September 2020, and President of the Greater China and Korea business unit from April 2013 to August 2016. In December 2025, the Board of Directors elected Mr. Braun to serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, effective March 31, 2026. In February 2026, the Board of Directors nominated Mr. Braun to stand for election as a Director at the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareowners.
Lisa Chang 57 Executive Vice President since January 2024 and Global Chief People Officer since March 2019 when she joined the Company. Senior Vice President from March 2019 to December 2023. Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer for AMB Group LLC, which is the investment management and shared services arm of The Blank Family of Businesses, from 2014 through 2018. Prior to joining AMB Group LLC, Vice President of Human Resources for International at Equifax Inc. from 2013 through 2014, where she led human resources for all of its global locations.

32
Name Age Position
Monica Howard Douglas 53 Executive Vice President since January 2024 and Global General Counsel since April 2021. Senior Vice President from April 2021 to December 2023, and Chief Compliance Officer and Associate General Counsel of the North America operating unit from January 2018 to April 2021. Legal Director for the Southern and East Africa business unit from September 2013 to December 2017, and Vice President of Supply Chain and Consumer Affairs and Senior Managing Counsel, Coca-Cola Refreshments, from 2008 to September 2013.
Jennifer K. Mann 53 Executive Vice President since January 2024 and President, North America operating unit since January 2023. Senior Vice President from May 2017 to December 2023. President, Global Ventures from January 2019 to December 2022, Chief People Officer from May 2017 to March 2019, and Chief of Staff for James Quincey, then President and Chief Operating Officer and later Chief Executive Officer, from October 2015 to October 2018. Vice President and General Manager of Coca-Cola Freestyle from June 2012 to October 2015.
John Murphy 64 President since October 2022 and Chief Financial Officer since March 2019. Executive Vice President from March 2019 to September 2022, and prior to that, Senior Vice President and Deputy Chief Financial Officer from January 2019 to March 2019. President of the Asia Pacific Group from August 2016 to December 2018, and President of the South Latin business unit from January 2013 to August 2016.
Luisa Ortega 55 President, Europe operating unit since September 2025, and prior to that, President of the Africa operating unit from February 2023 to August 2025. President of the central zone of the Latin America operating unit from January 2021 to January 2023. President of the South Latin business unit from August 2020 to December 2020, and prior to that, Deputy President of the South Latin business unit from April 2020 to July 2020. She joined the Company in March 2019 as vice president and general manager of the South Latin business unit. Prior to that, she worked for S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc., a multinational consumer product manufacturer, for more than 14 years in various roles in Europe, the United States and the Asia Pacific region.
Beatriz Perez 56 Executive Vice President since January 2024 and Global Chief Communications, Sustainability and Strategic Partnerships Officer since May 2017. Senior Vice President from May 2017 to December 2023. Served as the Company’s first Chief Sustainability Officer from July 2011 to April 2017, and as Vice President, Global Partnerships and Licensing, Retail and Attractions from July 2016 to April 2017. Chair of The Coca-Cola Foundation, Inc., the Company’s primary international philanthropic arm, since October 2017.
Bruno Pietracci 51 President, Latin America operating unit since February 2023, and prior to that, President of the Africa operating unit from January 2021 to January 2023. President of the Africa and Middle East business unit from February 2020 to December 2020, President of the South and East Africa business unit from July 2018 to January 2020, and Vice President of operations for EMEA from November 2016 to June 2018.
Nancy Quan 59 Executive Vice President since January 2024, and prior to that, Senior Vice President from January 2019 to December 2023. Global Chief Technical and Innovation Officer since February 2021, Chief Technical Officer from January 2019 to February 2021, and Chief Technical Officer of Coca-Cola North America from July 2016 to December 2018. Global R&D Officer from January 2012 to July 2016.
James Quincey 61 Chairman of the Board of Directors since April 2019 and Chief Executive Officer since May 2017. Elected to the Board of Directors in April 2017. President from August 2015 to December 2018, and Chief Operating Officer from August 2015 to April 2017. He will step down as Chief Executive Officer effective March 31, 2026, on which date he will transition to Executive Chairman.

All executive officers serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. There is no family relationship between any of the Directors or executive officers of the Company.
33
Part II
ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The principal United States market in which the Company’s common stock is listed and traded is the New York Stock Exchange and the corresponding trading symbol is “KO.”
While we have historically paid dividends to holders of our common stock on a quarterly basis, the declaration and payment of future dividends will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our earnings, financial condition, business development needs and regulatory considerations, and are at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
As of February 18, 2026, there were 168,055 shareowner accounts of record. This figure does not include a substantially greater number of “street name” holders or beneficial holders of our common stock, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.
The information under the subheading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” under the principal heading “Compensation” in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareowners (“Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement”), to be filed with the SEC, is incorporated herein by reference.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, no equity securities of the Company were sold by the Company that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The following table presents information with respect to purchases of common stock of the Company made during the three months ended December 31, 2025 by the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of the Company as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act:
Period Total Number of Shares Purchased 1 Average Price Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Plan 2 Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Publicly Announced Plan
September 27, 2025 through October 24, 2025 689,366 $ 67.43 689,150 67,706,884
October 25, 2025 through November 21, 2025 400,564 70.21 399,940 67,306,944
November 22, 2025 through December 31, 2025 369,200 70.50 358,200 66,948,744
Total 1,459,130 $ 68.97 1,447,290

1
The total number of shares purchased includes: (1) shares purchased, if any, pursuant to the plan described in footnote 2 below, and (2) shares surrendered, if any, to the Company to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with stock swap exercises of employee stock options and/or the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.
2
In February 2019, the Company publicly announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a plan (“2019 Plan”) for the Company to purchase up to 150 million shares of our common stock. This column discloses the number of shares purchased, if any, pursuant to the 2019 Plan during the indicated time periods (including shares purchased pursuant to the terms of preset trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act).
34
Performance Graph
Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Shareowner Return Among The Coca-Cola Company,
the Dow Jones U.S. Food & Beverage Total Return Index and the S&P 500 Index
December 31, 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
The Coca-Cola Company $ 100 $ 111 $ 123 $ 118 $ 128 $ 148
Dow Jones U.S. Food & Beverage Total Return Index 100 113 122 117 112 113
S&P 500 Index 100 129 105 133 166 196

The total shareowner return is based on a $100 investment on December 31, 2020 and assumes that dividends were reinvested on the day of issuance.
ITEM 6.  RESERVED
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand The Coca-Cola Company, our operations and our present business environment. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this report. MD&A includes the following sections:
•
Our Business 
— a general description of our business and its challenges and risks.
•
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 
— a discussion of accounting policies that require critical judgments and estimates.
35
•
Operations Review 
— an analysis of our consolidated results of operations for 2025 and 2024 and year-to-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. An analysis of our consolidated results of operations for 2024 and 2023 and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 can be found in Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 26, 2025.
•
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position 
— an analysis of cash flows, contractual obligations, foreign exchange, and the impact of inflation and changing prices.
OUR BUSINESS
General
The Coca-Cola Company is a total beverage company, and beverage products bearing our trademarks, sold in the United States since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries and territories. We own or license and market numerous beverage brands, which we group into the following categories: Trademark Coca-Cola; sparkling flavors; water, sports, coffee and tea; juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages; and emerging beverages. We own and market several of the world’s largest nonalcoholic sparkling soft drink brands, including Coca-Cola, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Fanta and Diet Coke/Coca-Cola Light.
We make our branded beverage products available to consumers throughout the world through our network of independent bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers and retailers as well as the Company’s consolidated bottling and distribution operations. Beverages bearing trademarks owned by or licensed to us account for 2.2 billion of the estimated 65 billion servings of all beverages consumed worldwide every day.
We believe our success depends on our ability to connect with consumers by providing them with a wide variety of beverage options to meet their desires, needs and lifestyles. Our success further depends on the ability of our people to execute effectively, every day.
Our Company operates in two lines of business: concentrate operations and finished product operations.
Our concentrate operations typically generate net operating revenues by selling beverage concentrates, sometimes referred to as “beverage bases,” syrups, including fountain syrups, and certain finished beverages to authorized bottling operations (to which we typically refer as our “bottlers” or our “bottling partners”). Our bottling partners combine concentrates with still or sparkling water and sweeteners (depending on the product), or combine syrups with still or sparkling water, to produce finished beverages. The finished beverages are packaged in authorized containers, such as cans and refillable and nonrefillable glass and plastic bottles, bearing our trademarks or trademarks licensed to us and are then sold to retailers directly or, in some cases, through wholesalers or other bottlers. In addition, outside the United States, our bottling partners are typically authorized to manufacture fountain syrups, using our concentrates, which they sell to fountain retailers for use in producing beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. Our concentrate operations are included in our geographic operating segments.
Our finished product operations generate net operating revenues by selling sparkling soft drinks and a variety of other finished beverages to retailers, or to distributors and wholesalers who in turn sell the beverages to retailers. Generally, finished product operations generate higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins than concentrate operations. These operations consist primarily of our consolidated bottling and distribution operations, which are included in our Bottling Investments operating segment. In certain markets, the Company also operates non-bottling finished product operations in which we sell finished beverages to distributors and wholesalers that are generally not one of the Company’s bottling partners. These operations are generally included in our geographic operating segments. Additionally, we sell directly to consumers through retail stores operated by Costa. These sales are included in our EMEA operating segment, regardless of the physical location of the retail stores. In the United States, we manufacture fountain syrups and sell them to fountain retailers, who use the fountain syrups to produce beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers or bottling partners who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. These fountain syrup sales are included in our North America operating segment.
36
The following table sets forth the percentage of total net operating revenues attributable to concentrate operations and finished product operations:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Concentrate operations 59 % 59 %
Finished product operations 41 41
Total 100 % 100 %

The following table sets forth the percentage of total worldwide unit case volume attributable to concentrate operations and finished product operations:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Concentrate operations 85 % 85 %
Finished product operations 15 15
Total 100 % 100 %

We operate in the highly competitive commercial beverage industry. We face strong competition from numerous other general and specialty beverage companies. We, along with other beverage companies, are affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the cost to manufacture and distribute products, consumer spending, economic conditions, availability and quality of water, consumer preferences, inflation, geopolitical conditions (including international conflicts), local and national laws and regulations, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, fuel prices, weather patterns and health crises.
Despite the dynamic world in which we are currently operating, we believe we are well positioned to create value for our Company and our stakeholders. In an effort to support our future growth, we are continuing to invest in our portfolio of brands, our strategic capabilities and our people. We are focused on the following growth pillars: shaping a portfolio of loved brands; transforming our marketing and innovation agenda; optimizing the Coca-Cola ecosystem; building talent and capabilities; and enhancing our license to win.
Challenges and Risks
Being a global enterprise provides unique opportunities for our Company. Challenges and risks accompany those opportunities. Our management has identified certain challenges and risks that demand the attention of our Company and the commercial beverage industry. Of these, six key strategic business challenges and risks are discussed below.
Obesity and Health-Related Concerns
There is ongoing concern among consumers, public health professionals and governments about the health problems associated with obesity and other chronic diseases, which may present a challenge to our industry. We understand that obesity is a complex public health challenge, and we are committed to being a part of the solution.
We recognize the uniqueness of consumers’ lifestyles and dietary choices. Therefore, we continue to do the following:
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offer an expanded portfolio of beverage choices, including reduced-, low- and no-calorie beverage options;
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provide transparent nutrition information, featuring calories on the front of most of our packages;
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provide our beverages in a range of packaging sizes, including small sizes to enable portion control; and
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market responsibly, including no advertising targeted to children under 13.
We remain committed to innovation and to partnering with suppliers to invest in research and development of new noncaloric sweeteners and flavors that help us create great tasting beverages, including options with low or no calories.
Evolving Consumer Product Preferences
We are impacted by shifting consumer demographics and needs, on-the-go lifestyles and consumers who are empowered with more information than ever. As a result, many consumers want more beverage choices, personalization, a focus on sustainability, and transparency related to our products and packaging. We are committed to meeting changing consumer needs and to generating growth through our evolving portfolio of beverage brands and products (including numerous low- and no-calorie products); selectively expanding into other profitable categories of the commercial beverage industry; investing in innovative and more sustainable packaging; and providing easy-to-access information about our beverages on our website.
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Evolving Competitive Landscape and Competing in the Digital Marketplace
Our Company faces strong competition from well-established global companies as well as numerous regional and local companies. The rapidly evolving digital landscape and growth of e-commerce in many markets has led to dramatic shifts in consumer shopping habits and patterns. The increasing use of data analytics, automation and artificial intelligence across digital platforms is further reshaping how consumers discover, evaluate and engage with brands. Consumers are rapidly embracing shopping via mobile device applications, e-commerce retailers and e-commerce websites or platforms, which presents new challenges to maintain the competitiveness and relevancy of our brands. As a result, we must continuously strengthen our capabilities in marketing and innovation to compete in a digital environment and maintain brand loyalty and market share. In addition, we are increasing our investments in e-commerce to support retail and meal delivery services, offering more package sizes that are fit-for-purpose for online sales and shifting more consumer and trade promotions to digital.
Product Safety and Quality
We strive to meet the highest standards in both product safety and product quality. We are aware that some consumers have concerns regarding certain ingredients used in our products. We only use ingredients that are authorized for use by regulatory authorities in each of the markets in which we operate. We have rigorous product and ingredient standards designed to help ensure safety and quality in each of our products, and we drive innovation that provides new beverage options to satisfy consumers’ evolving needs and preferences. We stay current with new regulations, industry best practices and marketplace conditions, and we engage with standard-setting and industry organizations.
We, our contract manufacturers and bottling partners are expected to manufacture and distribute our products according to strict policies, requirements and specifications set forth in an integrated quality management program. Our quality management program is designed to identify and mitigate risks and drive improvement. In our quality laboratories, we measure the quality attributes of ingredients, and we perform due diligence to help ensure that product and ingredient safety and quality standards are maintained. We regularly assess the relevance of our requirements and standards and continually work to improve and refine them across our entire supply chain.
Sustainability Matters
Investors and stakeholders increasingly focus on sustainability matters. We acknowledge that we have a role to play in developing and implementing solutions that help build resilience across our business. Our ability to achieve our sustainability goals and aspirations is dependent on many factors, including, but not limited to, our actions along with the actions of various stakeholders, such as our bottling partners, suppliers, governments, nongovernmental organizations, communities, and other third parties, some of which are outside of our control.
Talent Acquisition and Retention
Competition for existing and prospective talent has increased, especially considering changing worker expectations and talent marketplace variability. In addition, the broader labor market is experiencing a shortage of qualified talent, which has further increased competition for specialized talent that we want and may require for our future business needs.
Our people and our culture are critical business priorities, and we strive to be a global employer of choice that attracts and retains high-performing talent with the passion, skills and mindsets to drive us on our purpose to refresh the world and make a difference. We are committed to building an inclusive culture that inspires and supports the growth of our employees, serves our communities and shapes a strong and more sustainable business.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of this report for additional information about risks and uncertainties facing our Company.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), which require management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We believe our most critical accounting policies and estimates relate to the following:
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Principles of Consolidation
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Recoverability of Equity Method Investments and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
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Pension Plan Valuations
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Revenue Recognition
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Income Taxes
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Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Company’s Board of Directors. While our estimates and assumptions are based on our knowledge of current events and on actions we may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions. For a discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Principles of Consolidation
Our Company consolidates all entities that we control by ownership of a majority voting interest. Additionally, there are situations in which consolidation is required even though the usual condition of consolidation (i.e., ownership of a majority voting interest) does not apply. Generally, this occurs when an entity holds an interest in another business enterprise that was achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests, which results in a disproportionate relationship between such entity’s voting interests in, and its exposure to the economic risks and potential rewards of, the other business enterprise. This disproportionate relationship results in what is known as a variable interest, and the entity in which another entity holds a variable interest is referred to as a “VIE.” An enterprise must consolidate a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Our Company holds interests in certain VIEs, primarily bottling operations, for which we were not determined to be the primary beneficiary. Our variable interests in these VIEs primarily relate to equity investments, profit guarantees or subordinated financial support. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Although these financial arrangements resulted in our holding variable interests in these entities, they did not empower us to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Creditors of our VIEs do not have recourse against the general credit of the Company, regardless of whether the VIEs are accounted for as consolidated entities.
We use the equity method to account for investments in companies if our investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Our consolidated net income includes our Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of these companies. Our judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investee includes considering key factors, such as our ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions, other commercial arrangements and material intercompany transactions.
We eliminate from our financial results all significant intercompany transactions, including the intercompany transactions with consolidated VIEs and the intercompany portion of transactions with equity method investees.
Recoverability of Equity Method Investments and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Our Company faces many uncertainties and risks related to various economic, political and regulatory environments in the countries and territories in which we operate, particularly in developing and emerging markets. Refer to the heading “Our Business — Challenges and Risks” above and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of this report as well as the heading “Operations Review” below for additional information related to our present business environment. As a result, management must make numerous assumptions, which involve a significant amount of judgment, when performing impairment tests of equity method investments and indefinite-lived intangible assets in various regions around the world. The performance of impairment tests involves critical accounting estimates. These estimates require significant management judgment and include inherent uncertainties. Factors that management must estimate include, among others, the economic lives of the assets, revenues, royalty rates, cost of raw materials, delivery costs, long-term growth rates, discount rates, marketing spending, foreign currency exchange rates, tax rates, capital spending and proceeds from the sale of assets. The variability of these factors depends on a number of conditions, and thus our accounting estimates may change from period to period. These factors are even more difficult to estimate when global financial markets are highly volatile. As these factors are often interdependent and may not change in isolation, we do not believe it is practicable or meaningful to present the impact of changing a single factor. If we had used other assumptions and estimates when impairment tests were performed, impairment charges could have resulted. Furthermore, if management uses different assumptions in future periods, or if different conditions exist in future periods, impairment charges could result. The total future impairment charges we may be required to record could be material.
Equity Method Investments
Equity method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever significant events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. When such events or changes occur, we evaluate the fair value compared to our cost basis in the investment. The fair values of most of our Company’s investments in publicly traded companies are readily available based on quoted market prices. For investments in nonpublicly traded companies, management’s assessment of fair value is based on various valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows, estimates of sales proceeds, and appraisals, as appropriate. We consider the assumptions that we believe a market participant would use in
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evaluating estimated future cash flows when employing the discounted cash flow or estimates of sales proceeds valuation methodologies. The ability to accurately predict future cash flows, especially in emerging and developing markets, may impact the determination of fair value. In the event the fair value of an investment declines below our cost basis, management is required to determine if the decline in fair value is other than temporary. If management determines the decline is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recorded. Management’s assessment as to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than our cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of impairment charges, if applicable.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets must be performed at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired. Our Company performs the annual impairment tests as of the first day of our third fiscal quarter. We perform impairment tests using various valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow models and a market approach, to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset or the reporting unit, as applicable. The ability to accurately predict future cash flows, especially in emerging and developing markets, may impact the determination of fair value. When performing these impairment tests, we estimate the fair values of the assets using management’s best assumptions, which we believe are consistent with those a market participant would use. The estimates and assumptions used in these tests are evaluated and updated as appropriate.
For indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, rather than completing the impairment test. The Company must assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the impairment testing described above.
We perform impairment tests of goodwill at our reporting unit level, which is generally one level below our operating segments. Our operating segments are primarily based on geographic responsibility, which is consistent with the way management runs our business. Our geographic operating segments are generally subdivided into smaller geographic regions, which are reporting units. The Bottling Investments operating segment includes all of our consolidated bottling operations, regardless of geographic location. Generally, each consolidated bottling operation within our Bottling Investments operating segment is its own reporting unit. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination.
In order to test for goodwill impairment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, goodwill is written down for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. However, the impairment charge recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The assumptions used in our impairment testing models are consistent with those we believe a market participant would use. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill rather than completing the impairment test. The Company must assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the impairment testing discussed above. Otherwise, the Company does not need to perform any further assessment.
Intangible assets acquired in recent transactions are naturally more susceptible to impairment, because they are recorded at fair value based on recent operating plans and macroeconomic conditions present at the time of acquisition. Consequently, if operating results and/or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate shortly after an acquisition, it could result in the impairment of the acquired assets. A deterioration of macroeconomic conditions may not only negatively impact the estimated operating cash flows used in our cash flow models but may also negatively impact other assumptions used in our analyses, including, but not limited to, the discount rates. If the discount rates change, our Company may recognize an impairment of an intangible asset in spite of realizing actual cash flows that are equal to, or greater than, our previously forecasted amounts. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent acquisitions, if applicable.
In November 2021, the Company acquired the remaining 85% ownership interest in, and now owns 100% of BA Sports Nutrition, LLC (“BodyArmor”), which offers a line of sports performance and hydration beverages. During the three months ended March 29, 2024, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $760 million due to revised projections of future operating results as well as higher discount rates resulting from changes in macroeconomic conditions since the acquisition date. During the three months ended December 31, 2025, the operating results related to the trademark, combined with lower expectations of future performance compared to the original forecasts, triggered the need to update the Company’s impairment analysis, including a reassessment of the business projections for the trademark. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that the fair value of the trademark was less than its carrying value and recorded an additional impairment charge of
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$960 million. The decrease in fair value was primarily driven by the revised projections of future operating results, including a slowing of the projected long-term growth rate for the category, an intensifying competitive environment, and more focused innovation and international rollout plans. The remaining carrying value of the trademark is $2,440 million. If the near-term operating results of this trademark do not achieve our revised financial projections, or if the macroeconomic conditions change, causing the discount rate to increase without an offsetting increase in the operating results, it is likely that we would be required to recognize an additional impairment charge. Management will continue to monitor the fair value of this trademark in future periods.
Pension Plan Valuations
Our Company sponsors a qualified pension plan covering substantially all U.S. employees as well as unfunded nonqualified pension plans for certain employees in the United States. In addition, our Company and its subsidiaries have various pension plans outside the United States.
Management is required to make certain critical estimates related to the actuarial assumptions used to determine our pension obligations and our net periodic pension cost or income. We believe the two most critical assumptions are the discount rate and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Our actuarial assumptions are reviewed annually, or more frequently to the extent that a settlement or curtailment occurs. Changes in these assumptions could have a material impact on the measurement of our pension obligations and our net periodic pension cost or income.
The discount rate assumption used to account for pension plans reflects the rate at which the benefit obligations could be effectively settled. The discount rate for U.S. and certain non-U.S. plans is determined using a matching technique whereby the rates of a yield curve, developed from high-quality debt securities, are applied to projected benefit cash flows to determine the appropriate effective discount rate. For other non-U.S. plans, we base the discount rate assumption on comparable indices within each of the respective countries. The Company measures the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic pension cost or income by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the plans’ projected cash flows.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based upon the long-term outlook of our investment strategy as well as our historical returns and volatilities for each asset class. We also review current levels of interest rates and inflation to assess the reasonableness of our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Our investment objective for our pension assets is to ensure all funded pension plans have sufficient assets to meet their benefit obligations when they become due. As a result, the Company periodically revises asset allocations, where appropriate, to seek to improve returns and manage risk.
In 2025, the Company’s total net periodic pension cost was $121 million. In 2026, we expect our net periodic pension cost to be approximately $87 million. The decrease in net periodic pension cost is primarily due to special termination benefits and curtailment charges in 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the U.S. qualified pension plan represented 63% and 60% of the Company’s consolidated projected benefit obligation and pension plan assets, respectively. For this plan, we estimate that a 50 basis-point decrease in the discount rate would result in a $9 million increase in our 2026 net periodic pension cost, and we estimate that a 50 basis-point decrease in the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets would result in a $19 million increase in our 2026 net periodic pension cost.
Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our pension plans and related actuarial assumptions.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of the contracts with our customers are satisfied. Our performance obligation generally consists of the promise to sell concentrates, syrups or finished products to our bottling partners, wholesalers, distributors or retailers. Control of the concentrates, syrups or finished products is transferred upon shipment to, or receipt at, our customers’ locations, as determined by the specific terms of the contract. Upon transfer of control to the customer, which completes our performance obligation, revenue is recognized. Our sales terms generally do not allow for a right of return except for matters related to any manufacturing defects on our part. After completion of our performance obligation, we have an unconditional right to consideration as outlined in the contract. Our receivables will generally be collected in less than six months, in accordance with the underlying payment terms. All of our performance obligations under the terms of contracts with our customers have an original duration of one year or less.
In most markets, in an effort to allow our Company and our bottling partners to grow together through shared value, aligned financial objectives and the flexibility necessary to meet consumers’ always changing needs and tastes, we have implemented an incidence-based concentrate pricing model. Under this model, the concentrate price we charge is impacted by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, bottler pricing, the channels in which the finished products produced from the concentrates are sold, and package mix. The amounts associated with the arrangements described above represent variable consideration, an
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estimate of which is included in the transaction price as a component of net operating revenues in our consolidated statement of income upon completion of our performance obligations. The total revenue recorded, including any variable consideration, cannot exceed the amount for which it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur when uncertainties related to variability are resolved. As a result, we are recognizing revenue based on our best estimate of the consideration that we expect to receive. In making our estimates of variable consideration, we consider past results and make assumptions related to: (1) customer sales volumes; (2) customer ending inventories; (3) customer selling price per unit; (4) selling channels; and (5) discount rates, rebates and other pricing allowances, as applicable. In gathering data to estimate our variable consideration, we generally calculate our estimates using a portfolio approach at the country and product line level rather than at the individual contract level. The result of making these estimates will impact the line items trade accounts receivable or accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet, as applicable. The actual amounts ultimately paid and/or received may be different from our estimates.
Income Taxes
Our annual effective tax rate is based on our income and the tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual income tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions. We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the position becomes uncertain based upon one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is not “more likely than not” to be sustained; (2) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but for a lesser amount; or (3) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but not in the financial period in which the tax position was originally taken. For purposes of evaluating whether or not a tax position is uncertain, (1) we presume the tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information; (2) the technical merits of a tax position are derived from authorities such as legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and caselaw and their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position; and (3) each tax position is evaluated without consideration of the possibility of offset or aggregation with other tax positions taken. We adjust these reserves, including any impact on the related interest and penalties, in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit. Refer to the heading “Operations Review — Income Taxes” below and Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
A number of years may elapse before a particular uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. The number of years subject to tax audits or tax assessments varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The tax benefit that has been previously reserved because of a failure to meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold would be recognized in income tax expense in the first interim period when the uncertainty disappears under any one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained; (2) the tax position, amount and/or timing is ultimately settled through negotiation or litigation; or (3) the statute of limitations for the tax position has expired. Settlement of any particular issue would usually require the use of cash. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Tax laws require certain items to be included in the tax return at different times than when these items are reflected in the consolidated financial statements. As a result, the annual effective tax rate reflected in our consolidated financial statements is different from that reported in our tax return (our cash tax rate). Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences reverse over time, such as depreciation expense. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the book basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The tax rates used to determine deferred tax assets or liabilities are the enacted tax rates in effect for the year and for the manner in which the differences are expected to reverse. Based on the evaluation of all available information, the Company recognizes future tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards, to the extent that realizing these benefits is considered more likely than not.
We evaluate our ability to realize the tax benefits associated with deferred tax assets by analyzing our forecasted taxable income using both historical and projected future operating results; the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences; taxable income in prior carryback years (if permitted); and the availability of tax planning strategies. A valuation allowance is required to be established unless management determines that it is more likely than not that the Company will ultimately realize the tax benefit associated with a deferred tax asset.
The Company does not record a U.S. deferred tax liability for the excess of the book basis over the tax basis of its investments in foreign subsidiaries to the extent that the basis difference meets the indefinite reversal criteria. These criteria are met if the foreign subsidiary has invested, or will invest, the undistributed earnings indefinitely. The decision as to the amount of undistributed earnings that the Company intends to maintain in non-U.S. subsidiaries takes into account various items, including, but not limited to, forecasts and budgets of financial needs of cash for working capital, liquidity plans, capital improvement programs, merger and acquisition plans, and planned loans to other non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also evaluates its expected cash requirements in the United States. Other factors that can influence that determination are local restrictions on remittances (for example, in some countries a central bank application and approval are required in order for the
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Company’s local country subsidiary to pay a dividend), economic stability and asset risk. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
OPERATIONS REVIEW
Our organizational structure consists of the following operating segments: EMEA; Latin America; North America; Asia Pacific; and Bottling Investments. Our operating structure also includes Corporate, which consists of a center and a platform services organization. For additional information regarding our operating segments and Corporate, refer to Note 20 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and Newly Licensed Brands
In order to continually improve upon the Company’s operating performance, from time to time we engage in buying and selling ownership interests in bottling partners and other manufacturing operations. In addition, we periodically acquire brands and their related operations or enter into license agreements for certain brands to supplement our beverage offerings. These items impact our operating results and certain key metrics used by management in assessing the Company’s performance.
Unit case volume growth is a key metric used by management to evaluate the Company’s performance because it measures demand for our products at the consumer level. The Company’s unit case volume represents the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers or consumers and, therefore, reflects unit case volume for both consolidated and unconsolidated bottlers. Refer to the heading “Beverage Volume” below.
Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates, syrups, source waters and powders/minerals (in all instances expressed in unit case equivalents) sold by, or used in finished products sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. For Costa non-ready-to-drink beverage products, concentrate sales volume represents the amount of beverages, primarily measured in number of transactions (in all instances expressed in unit case equivalents), sold by the Company to customers or consumers. Refer to the heading “Beverage Volume” below.
When we analyze our net operating revenues, we generally consider the following factors: (1) volume growth (concentrate sales volume or unit case volume, as applicable); (2) changes in price/mix; (3) foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and (4) acquisitions and divestitures (including structural changes as defined below), as applicable. Refer to the heading “Net Operating Revenues” below. The Company sells concentrates and syrups to both consolidated and unconsolidated bottling partners. The ownership structure of our bottling partners impacts the timing of recognizing concentrate revenue and concentrate sales volume. When we sell concentrates or syrups to our consolidated bottling partners, we do not recognize the concentrate revenue or concentrate sales volume until the bottling partner has sold finished products manufactured from the concentrates or syrups to a third party. When we sell concentrates or syrups to our unconsolidated bottling partners, we recognize the concentrate revenue and concentrate sales volume when the concentrates or syrups are sold to the bottling partner. The subsequent sale of the finished products manufactured from the concentrates or syrups to a third party does not impact the timing of recognizing the concentrate revenue or concentrate sales volume. When we account for an unconsolidated bottling partner as an equity method investment, we eliminate the intercompany profit related to concentrate sales to the extent of our ownership interest, until the equity method investee has sold finished products manufactured from the concentrates or syrups to a third party. We typically report unit case volume when finished products manufactured from the concentrates or syrups are sold to a third party, regardless of our ownership interest in the bottling partner, if any.
We generally refer to acquisitions and divestitures of bottling operations as “structural changes,” which are a component of acquisitions and divestitures. Typically, structural changes do not impact the Company’s unit case volume on a consolidated basis or at the geographic operating segment level. We recognize unit case volume for all sales of Company beverage products, regardless of our ownership interest in the bottling partner, if any. However, the unit case volume reported by our Bottling Investments operating segment is generally impacted by structural changes because it only includes the unit case volume of our consolidated bottling operations. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures.
“Acquired brands” refers to brands acquired during the past 12 months. Typically, the Company has not reported unit case volume or recognized concentrate sales volume related to acquired brands in periods prior to the closing of a transaction. Therefore, the unit case volume and concentrate sales volume related to an acquired brand are incremental to prior year volume. We generally do not consider the acquisition of a brand to be a structural change.
“Licensed brands” refers to brands not owned by the Company but for which we hold certain rights, generally including, but not limited to, distribution rights, and from which we derive an economic benefit when the related products are sold. Typically, the Company has not reported unit case volume or recognized concentrate sales volume related to a licensed brand in periods prior to the beginning of the term of a license agreement. Therefore, in the year that a license agreement is entered into, the unit case
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volume and concentrate sales volume related to a licensed brand are incremental to prior year volume. We generally do not consider the licensing of a brand to be a structural change.
In January, February and December 2024, as well as May 2025, the Company refranchised our bottling operations in certain territories in India, and in February 2024, the Company refranchised our bottling operations in Bangladesh and the Philippines. The impact of each of these refranchisings has been included as a structural change in our analysis of net operating revenues on a consolidated basis as well as for the Bottling Investments and Asia Pacific operating segments. Additionally, in October 2025, the Company sold our finished product operations in Nigeria. The impact of this sale has been included as a divestiture in our analysis of net operating revenues on a consolidated basis as well as for the EMEA operating segment.
Beverage Volume
We measure the volume of Company beverage products sold in two ways: (1) unit cases of finished products and (2) concentrate sales. As used in this report, “unit case” means a unit of measurement equal to 192 U.S. fluid ounces of finished beverage (24 eight-ounce servings), with the exception of unit case equivalents for Costa non-ready-to-drink beverage products, which are primarily measured in number of transactions; and “unit case volume” means the number of unit cases (or unit case equivalents) of Company beverage products directly or indirectly sold by the Company and its bottling partners to customers or consumers. Unit case volume consists primarily of beverage products bearing Company trademarks. Also included in unit case volume are certain brands licensed to, or distributed by, our Company, and brands owned by Coca-Cola system bottlers for which our Company provides marketing support and from the sale of which we derive an economic benefit. In addition, unit case volume includes sales by certain joint ventures in which the Company has an ownership interest. Although a significant portion of our Company’s net operating revenues is not based directly on unit case volume, we believe unit case volume is one of the indicators of the underlying strength of the Coca-Cola system because it measures demand for our products at the consumer level. The unit case volume numbers used in this report are derived based on estimates received by the Company from its bottling partners and distributors. Concentrate sales volume represents the amount of concentrates, syrups, source waters and powders/minerals (in all instances expressed in unit case equivalents) sold by, or used in finished beverages sold by, the Company to its bottling partners or other customers. For Costa non-ready-to-drink beverage products, concentrate sales volume represents the amount of beverages, primarily measured in number of transactions (in all instances expressed in unit case equivalents), sold by the Company to customers or consumers. Unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates are not necessarily equal during any given period. Factors such as seasonality, bottlers’ inventory practices, supply point changes, timing of price increases, new product introductions and changes in product mix can create differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates. In addition to these items, the impact of unit case volume from certain joint ventures in which the Company has an ownership interest, but to which the Company does not sell concentrates, syrups, source waters or powders/minerals, may give rise to differences between unit case volume and concentrate sales volume growth rates.
Information about our volume growth worldwide and by operating segment is as follows:
Percent Change 2025 versus 2024
Unit Cases 1,2 Concentrate Sales
Worldwide — % 1 %
EMEA 3 3 4
Latin America — (1)
North America (1) (1)
Asia Pacific — — 5
Bottling Investments (8) 3 N/A

1
Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only.
2
Geographic operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for all bottlers, both consolidated and unconsolidated, and distributors in the applicable geographic areas. Unit case volume growth for Costa retail stores is reflected in the EMEA operating segment data.
3
After considering the impact of structural changes, unit case volume for Bottling Investments was even.
4
After considering the impact of divestitures, concentrate sales volume for EMEA grew 4%.
5
After considering the impact of structural changes, concentrate sales volume for Asia Pacific grew 1%.
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Unit Case Volume
The Coca-Cola system sold 33.8 billion and 33.7 billion unit cases of our products in 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Unit case volume in EMEA increased 3%, which included 2% growth in Trademark Coca-Cola, 3% growth in sparkling flavors, 2% growth in water, sports, coffee and tea as well as growth in energy drinks, partially offset by a 4% decline in juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages. The operating segment reported growth in unit case volume of 7% in the Eurasia and Middle East operating unit, growth of 3% in the Africa operating unit and growth in energy drinks, partially offset by a decline of 1% in the Europe operating unit.
In Latin America, unit case volume was even, which included 1% growth in both water, sports, coffee and tea, and juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages as well as growth in energy drinks, offset by a 1% decline in Trademark Coca-Cola and a 2% decline in sparkling flavors. The operating segment’s volume performance included 2% growth in Brazil and 6% growth in Argentina, offset by a decline of 4% in Mexico.
Unit case volume in North America decreased 1%, which included a 1% decline in Trademark Coca-Cola, a 2% decline in juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages and a 1% decline in sparkling flavors, partially offset by growth in energy drinks. Unit case volume in water, sports, coffee and tea was even.
In Asia Pacific, unit case volume was even, which included 3% growth in water, sports, coffee and tea, 1% growth in Trademark Coca-Cola and growth in energy drinks, offset by a 3% decline in sparkling flavors and a 6% decline in juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages. The operating segment reported growth in unit case volume of 1% in the Greater China and Mongolia operating unit and growth in energy drinks, offset by a decline of 3% in the ASEAN and South Pacific operating unit. Unit case volume in both the India and Southwest Asia and the Japan and South Korea operating units was even.
Unit case volume for Bottling Investments decreased 8%, which primarily reflects the impact of refranchising our bottling operations in the Philippines, Bangladesh and certain territories in India.
Concentrate Sales Volume
In 2025, worldwide concentrate sales volume grew 1% and unit case volume was even compared to 2024. The difference between concentrate sales volume and unit case volume growth rates for our Latin America operating segment was primarily due to the timing of concentrate shipments.
Net Operating Revenues
Net operating revenues were $47,941 million in 2025, compared to $47,061 million in 2024, an increase of $880 million, or 2%.
The following table illustrates, on a percentage basis, the estimated impact of the factors resulting in the increase (decrease) in net operating revenues on a consolidated basis and for each of our operating segments:
Percent Change 2025 versus 2024
Volume 1 Price/Mix Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations Acquisitions & Divestitures 2 Total
Consolidated 1 % 4 % (2) % (1) % 2 %
EMEA 4 2 — (1) 5
Latin America (1) 11 (12) — (2)
North America (1) 5 — — 4
Asia Pacific 1 4 (3) (1) 1
Bottling Investments — 2 (2) (7) (8)

Note: Certain rows may not add due to rounding.
1
Represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in concentrate sales volume for our geographic operating segments (expressed in unit case equivalents) after considering the impact of acquisitions and divestitures, if any. For our Bottling Investments operating segment, this represents the percent change in net operating revenues attributable to the increase (decrease) in unit case volume after considering the impact of structural changes, if any. Our Bottling Investments operating segment data reflects unit case volume growth for consolidated bottlers only after considering the impact of structural changes, if any. Refer to the heading “Beverage Volume” above.
2
Includes structural changes, if any. Refer to the heading “Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and Newly Licensed Brands” above.
Refer to the heading “Beverage Volume” above for additional information related to changes in our unit case and concentrate sales volumes.
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“Price/mix” refers to the change in net operating revenues caused by factors such as pricing actions taken by the Company and, where applicable, our bottling partners; the mix of categories, products and packages sold; and the mix of channels and geographic territories where the sales occurred. Management believes that providing investors with price/mix enhances their understanding about the combined impact that these items had on the Company’s net operating revenues. The impact of price/mix is calculated by subtracting the change in net operating revenues resulting from volume increases or decreases, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and acquisitions and divestitures from the total change in net operating revenues. Management uses this measure in making financial, operating and planning decisions and in evaluating the Company’s performance.
Price/mix had a 4% favorable impact on our consolidated net operating revenues. Price/mix was impacted by a variety of factors and events, including, but not limited to, the following:
•
EMEA — favorable pricing initiatives, including inflationary pricing, partially offset by unfavorable mix;
•
Latin America — favorable pricing initiatives, including inflationary pricing in Argentina, and favorable mix;
•
North America — favorable pricing initiatives and favorable mix;
•
Asia Pacific — favorable mix and favorable pricing initiatives;
•
Bottling Investments — favorable pricing initiatives, partially offset by unfavorable mix.
The favorable pricing initiatives for the year ended December 31, 2025 in all operating segments included both new and carryover pricing increases from the prior year.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including the effects of our hedging activities, unfavorably impacted our consolidated net operating revenues by 2%. This unfavorable impact was primarily due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain foreign currencies, including the Mexican peso, Argentine peso, Ethiopian Birr and Turkish lira, which had an unfavorable impact on our Latin America, Bottling Investments and EMEA operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the currencies listed above was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro, British pound, South African rand and Japanese yen, which had a favorable impact on our EMEA, Bottling Investments and Asia Pacific operating segments. Refer to the heading “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position — Foreign Exchange” below.
“Acquisitions and divestitures” generally refers to acquisitions and divestitures of brands or businesses, some of which the Company considers to be structural changes. The impact of acquisitions and divestitures is the difference between the change in net operating revenues and the change in what our net operating revenues would have been if we removed the net operating revenues associated with an acquisition or a divestiture from either the current year or the prior year, as applicable. Management believes that quantifying the impact that acquisitions and divestitures had on the Company’s net operating revenues provides investors with useful information to enhance their understanding of the Company’s net operating revenue performance by improving their ability to compare our year-to-year results. Management considers the impact of acquisitions and divestitures when evaluating the Company’s performance. Refer to the heading “Structural Changes, Acquired Brands and Newly Licensed Brands” above for additional information related to acquisitions and divestitures.
Net operating revenue growth rates are impacted by sales volume; price/mix; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and acquisitions and divestitures. The size and timing of acquisitions and divestitures are not consistent from period to period. Based on current spot rates and our hedging coverage in place, we expect foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations will have a favorable impact on our full year 2026 net operating revenues.
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Information about our net operating revenues by operating segment and Corporate as a percentage of Company net operating revenues is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
EMEA 22.6 % 21.8 %
Latin America 13.2 13.8
North America 40.8 40.1
Asia Pacific 11.1 10.9
Bottling Investments 12.0 13.2
Corporate 0.3 0.2
Total 100.0 % 100.0 %

The percentage contribution of each operating segment fluctuates over time due to net operating revenues in some operating segments growing at a faster rate compared to other operating segments. In addition, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations impact the percentage contribution of each operating segment. For additional information about the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, refer to the heading “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position — Foreign Exchange” below.
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin is a ratio calculated by dividing gross profit by net operating revenues. Management believes gross profit margin provides investors with useful information related to the profitability of our business prior to considering all of the selling, general and administrative expenses and other operating charges incurred. Management uses this measure in making financial, operating and planning decisions and in evaluating the Company’s performance.
Our gross profit margin increased to 61.6% in 2025 from 61.1% in 2024. This increase was primarily due to the impact of favorable pricing initiatives and the impact of the prior year refranchising of our bottling operations in the Philippines, Bangladesh and certain territories in India, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and higher commodity costs.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $14,521 million in 2025, compared to $14,582 million in 2024, a decrease of $61 million. This decrease was primarily due to lower contributions to The Coca-Cola Foundation and lower annual incentive expense, partially offset by higher severance costs in 2025 associated with ongoing initiatives to optimize our organization, higher advertising expenses and an asset impairment charge related to certain prototypes in the prior year. Advertising expenses for 2025 and 2024 were $5.4 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the impairment charge.
Other Operating Charges
Other operating charges incurred by operating segment and Corporate were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
EMEA $ — $ —
Latin America 44 126
North America 960 760
Asia Pacific 41 —
Bottling Investments — —
Corporate 216 3,277
Total $ 1,261 $ 4,163

In 2025, the Company recorded other operating charges of $1,261 million. These charges consisted of $960 million related to the impairment of our BodyArmor trademark, $97 million related to the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program, and $47 million related to the remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with our acquisition of fairlife in 2020, which brought the total liability to $6,173 million and was paid in March 2025. Additionally, other operating charges included $44 million related to the impairment of a trademark in Latin America, $41 million related to the impairment of a trademark and property, plant and equipment in Asia Pacific and $35 million related to an indemnification
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agreement entered into as a part of the refranchising of certain of our bottling operations. In addition, other operating charges included $15 million for the amortization of noncompete agreements related to the BodyArmor acquisition in 2021, $12 million of transaction costs related to our divestiture activities and $10 million related to tax litigation expense.
In 2024, the Company recorded other operating charges of $4,163 million. These charges consisted of $3,109 million related to the remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with the fairlife acquisition, $760 million related to the impairment of our BodyArmor trademark, $133 million related to the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program and $126 million related to the impairment of a trademark in Latin America. In addition, other operating charges included $15 million for the amortization of noncompete agreements related to the BodyArmor acquisition, $13 million related to an indemnification agreement entered into as a part of the refranchising of certain of our bottling operations and $9 million of transaction costs related to our divestiture activities. These charges were partially offset by a net benefit of $2 million related to a revision of management’s estimates for tax litigation expense.
Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our divestiture activities. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the tax litigation. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the fairlife contingent consideration and the impairment charges. Refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the impact these charges had on our operating segments and Corporate. Refer to Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s restructuring initiatives.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
Information about our operating income contribution by operating segment and Corporate on a percentage basis is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
EMEA 31.2 % 42.6 %
Latin America 27.2 38.0
North America 36.8 45.6
Asia Pacific 14.9 21.5
Bottling Investments 3.1 5.0
Corporate (13.2) (52.7)
Total 100.0 % 100.0 %

Operating margin is a ratio calculated by dividing operating income by net operating revenues. Management believes operating margin provides investors with useful information related to the profitability of our business after considering selling, general and administrative expenses and other operating charges. Management uses this measure in making financial, operating and planning decisions and in evaluating the Company’s performance.
Information about our operating margin on a consolidated basis and by operating segment and Corporate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Consolidated 28.7 % 21.2 %
EMEA 39.7 41.4
Latin America 59.1 58.6
North America 25.9 24.1
Asia Pacific 38.3 42.1
Bottling Investments 7.4 8.0
Corporate * *

*    Calculation is not meaningful.
Operating income was $13,762 million in 2025, compared to $9,992 million in 2024, an increase of $3,770 million, or 38%. The increases in operating income and operating margin were primarily driven by lower other operating charges, due to the prior year remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with the fairlife acquisition, concentrate sales volume growth of 1% and favorable pricing initiatives. These items were partially offset by higher commodity costs and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact.
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In 2025, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including the effects of our hedging activities, unfavorably impacted consolidated operating income by 12% due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared to certain foreign currencies, including the Mexican peso, Argentine peso, Brazilian real and Turkish lira, which had an unfavorable impact on our Latin America and EMEA operating segments. The unfavorable impact of a stronger U.S. dollar compared to the currencies listed above was partially offset by the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar compared to certain other foreign currencies, including the euro and British pound, which had a favorable impact on our EMEA operating segment. Refer to the heading “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position — Foreign Exchange” below.
The Company’s EMEA operating segment reported operating income of $4,298 million and $4,255 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by an increase in concentrate sales volume of 4% and favorable pricing initiatives, partially offset by higher commodity costs, increased marketing spending, higher operating expenses, an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact of 5% and the impact of divestiture activity.
Latin America reported operating income of $3,742 million and $3,792 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in operating income was primarily driven by a decrease in concentrate sales volume of 1%, increased marketing spending and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact of 21%, partially offset by favorable pricing initiatives, lower commodity costs and lower other operating charges.
Operating income for North America for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $5,070 million and $4,556 million, respectively. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by favorable pricing initiatives, partially offset by a decrease in concentrate sales volume of 1%, higher commodity costs, increased marketing spending, higher other operating charges and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact of 1%.
Asia Pacific’s operating income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $2,042 million and $2,156 million, respectively. The decrease in operating income was primarily driven by higher commodity costs, higher other operating charges, an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact of 8% and the impact of structural changes, partially offset by concentrate sales volume growth of 1% and favorable pricing initiatives and mix.
Bottling Investments’ operating income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $426 million and $496 million, respectively. The decrease in operating income was primarily driven by the impact of refranchising our bottling operations in the Philippines, Bangladesh and certain territories in India, higher commodity costs and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact of 2%, partially offset by favorable pricing initiatives and lower operating expenses.
Corporate’s operating loss for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,816 million and $5,263 million, respectively. Operating loss in 2025 decreased primarily as a result of lower other operating charges due to the prior year remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with the fairlife acquisition, lower commodity costs, lower marketing expenses and lower contributions to The Coca-Cola Foundation. Refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the fairlife contingent consideration.
Interest Income
Interest income was $786 million in 2025, compared to $988 million in 2024, a decrease of $202 million, or 20%. This decrease
was primarily driven by lower average investment balances on our Corporate and certain international investments.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $1,654 million in 2025, compared to $1,656 million in 2024, a decrease of $2 million. This decrease
was primarily due to the impact of lower average short-term debt balances compared to the prior year.
Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Equity Income (Loss) — Net
Equity income (loss) — net represents our Company’s proportionate share of net income or loss from each of our equity method investees. In 2025, equity income was $2,031 million, compared to equity income of $1,770 million in 2024, an increase of $261 million, or 15%. The increase reflects, among other items, the impact of more favorable operating results reported by certain of our equity method investees in 2025, partially offset by the impact of the sale of our ownership interests in certain equity method investees and an unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate impact. In addition, the Company recorded net charges of $21 million and $92 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which represent the Company’s proportionate share of significant operating and nonoperating items recorded by certain of our equity method investees.
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Other Income (Loss) — Net
In 2025, other income (loss) — net was income of $1,073 million. The Company recognized a gain of $1,952 million related to the sale of our ownership interest in Coca-Cola Consolidated, Inc. (“Coke Consolidated”), an equity method investee, a net gain of $409 million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, a gain of $331 million related to the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in CCEP, dividend income of $159 million, a gain of $102 million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in certain territories in India and a gain of $31 million related to the substantial liquidation of a joint venture in China. The Company also recorded a charge of $1,274 million related to our bottling operations in Africa that became held for sale, a charge of $393 million related to the sale of our finished product operations in Nigeria, and other-than-temporary impairment charges of $40 million related to an equity method investee in Latin America and $25 million related to a joint venture in Latin America. Additionally, the Company recorded a charge of $36 million related to the refranchising of certain bottling operations in Ghana, and expense of $22 million related to the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost, which included charges of $27 million and $11 million for special termination benefits and a curtailment loss, respectively, related to non-U.S. pension activity. Other income (loss) — net also included net foreign currency exchange losses of $48 million and $60 million of costs related to our trade accounts receivable factoring program.
In 2024, other income (loss) — net was income of $1,992 million. The Company recorded a gain of $595 million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in the Philippines and recognized a gain of $506 million related to the sale of our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Thailand. The Company also recognized a gain of $338 million related to the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coke Consolidated, a gain of $303 million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in certain territories in India, and a net gain of $290 million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities. Additionally, the Company recognized dividend income of $205 million and net income of $76 million related to the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost, of which $21 million was due to pension and other postretirement benefit plan settlement gains. Other income (loss) — net also included net foreign currency exchange losses of $180 million, $114 million of costs related to our trade accounts receivable factoring program and an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $34 million related to an equity method investee in Latin America.
Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our divestitures. Refer to Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on equity and debt securities. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on pension and other postretirement benefit plan activity. Refer to Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the impairment charges and the bottling operations in Ghana.
Income Taxes
The Company recorded income taxes of $2,861 million (17.9% effective tax rate) and $2,437 million (18.6% effective tax rate) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Our effective tax rate reflects the tax impact of having significant operations outside the United States, which are generally taxed at rates different than the statutory U.S. federal tax rate. As a result of employment actions and capital investments made by the Company, certain tax jurisdictions provide income tax incentive grants, including Brazil, Costa Rica, Singapore and Eswatini. The terms of these grants expire from 2031 to 2045. We anticipate that we will be able to extend or renew the grants in these locations. The decision of whether we decide to pursue the renewal of these grants and the impact of the grants going forward is dependent on various factors. Tax incentive grants favorably impacted our income tax expense by $383 million and $346 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In addition, our effective tax rate reflects the benefits of having significant earnings generated in investments accounted for under the equity method. Also included in our effective tax rate is the tax impact associated with several countries enacting global minimum tax regulations.
We are currently in litigation with the IRS for tax years 2007 through 2009. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the tax litigation.
As of December 31, 2025, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $857 million. If the Company were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, the net effect would be a benefit of $581 million, exclusive of any benefits related to interest and penalties. The remaining $276 million primarily represents tax benefits that would be received in different tax jurisdictions in the event the Company did not prevail on all uncertain tax positions. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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Based on current tax laws, including the impact of several countries enacting global minimum tax regulations, the Company’s effective tax rate in 2026 is expected to be approximately 20.9%, before considering the potential impact of any significant operating and nonoperating items that may affect our effective tax rate. This rate does not include the impact of the ongoing tax litigation with the IRS, if the Company were not to prevail.
Many jurisdictions have enacted legislation and adopted policies resulting from the OECD’s Anti-Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. The OECD is currently coordinating a two-pillared project on behalf of the G20 and other participating countries which would grant additional taxing rights over profits earned by multinational enterprises to the countries in which their products are sold and services rendered. Pillar One would allow countries to reallocate a portion of profits earned by multinational businesses with an annual global revenue exceeding €20 billion and a profit margin of over 10% to applicable market jurisdictions. While the OECD issued draft language for the international implementation of Pillar One in October 2023, both the substantive rules and implementation process remain under discussion at the OECD, so the timetable for any implementation remains uncertain.
In December 2021, the OECD issued Pillar Two model rules, which would establish a global per-country minimum tax of 15%, and the European Union has approved a directive requiring member states to incorporate similar provisions into their respective domestic laws. The directive requires, with certain limited exceptions, the rules to initially become effective for fiscal years starting on or after December 31, 2023. Numerous countries have enacted legislation that implemented certain aspects of Pillar Two effective January 1, 2024, or adopted legislation that became effective in 2025, while additional jurisdictions may enact similar legislation in the future. In June 2025, the G7 released a statement announcing an understanding of a potential side-by-side system approach to the Pillar Two framework that would exclude U.S.-parented groups from certain Pillar Two provisions in recognition of existing U.S. minimum tax rules. In January 2026, the OECD issued further administrative guidance introducing a side‑by‑side framework under Pillar Two, largely exempting U.S.-headquartered companies from the application of Pillar Two. The OECD and implementing countries are expected to continue to make further revisions to their legislation and release additional guidance intended to adopt this side-by-side framework into law in each of the member countries. The Company will continue to monitor developments to determine any potential impact in the countries in which we operate.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law in the United States. The Company continues to evaluate the future impact of these tax law changes on its financial statements. The OBBBA did not materially impact the Company’s effective tax rate for 2025, and we do not expect it to have a material impact in 2026.
LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL POSITION
We believe our ability to generate cash flows from operating activities is one of the fundamental strengths of our business. Refer to the heading “Cash Flows from Operating Activities” below. The Company does not typically raise capital through the issuance of stock. Instead, we use debt financing to lower our overall cost of capital and increase our return on shareowners’ equity. Refer to the heading “Cash Flows from Financing Activities” below. We have a history of borrowing funds both domestically and internationally at reasonable interest rates, and we expect to be able to continue to borrow funds at reasonable rates over the long term. Our debt financing also includes the use of a commercial paper program. We currently have the ability to borrow funds in this market at levels that are consistent with our debt financing strategy, and we expect to continue to be able to do so in the future. The Company regularly reviews its optimal mix of short-term and long-term debt.
The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and marketable securities totaled $15.8 billion as of December 31, 2025. In addition to these funds, our commercial paper program, and our ability to issue long-term debt, we had $6.2 billion in unused backup lines of credit for general corporate purposes as of December 31, 2025. These backup lines of credit expire at various times through 2030.
Our current payment terms with the majority of our suppliers are 120 days. Certain financial institutions offer a voluntary supply chain finance (“SCF”) program which enables our suppliers, at their sole discretion, to sell their receivables from the Company to these financial institutions on a non-recourse basis at a rate that leverages our credit rating and thus may be more beneficial to them. We do not believe there is a risk that our payment terms will be shortened in the near future. Refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
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The Company has a trade accounts receivable factoring program in certain countries. Under this program, we can elect to sell trade accounts receivables to unaffiliated financial institutions at a discount. In these factoring arrangements, for ease of administration, the Company collects customer payments related to the factored receivables and remits those payments to the financial institutions. The Company sold $14,710 million and $21,873 million of trade accounts receivables under this program during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The costs of factoring such receivables were $60 million and $114 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The cash received from the financial institutions is classified within the operating activities section in our consolidated statement of cash flows.
Our current capital allocation priorities are as follows: investing wisely to support our business operations, continuing to grow our dividend payment, enhancing our beverage portfolio and capabilities through consumer-centric acquisitions, and using excess cash to repurchase shares over time. We currently expect 2026 capital expenditures to be approximately $2.2 billion. During 2026, we also expect to repurchase shares to offset dilution resulting from employee stock-based compensation plans.
We are currently in litigation with the IRS for tax years 2007 through 2009. On November 18, 2020, the Tax Court issued the Opinion in which it predominantly sided with the IRS. On November 8, 2023, the Tax Court issued a supplemental opinion, siding with the IRS in concluding both that certain U.S. tax regulations (known as the blocked-income regulations) that address the effect of certain Brazilian legal restrictions on royalty payments by the Company’s licensee in Brazil apply to the Company’s operations and that the Tax Court opinion in the
3M
case controlled as to the validity of those regulations. On October 1, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the judgment of the Tax Court in the
3M
case. In its decision, the court concluded that the blocked-income regulation was inconsistent with IRC Section 482 and that the IRS therefore could not reallocate income from 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to 3M in contravention of Brazilian restrictions on the payment of royalties. Further, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit specifically rejected the IRS’ argument that the ability of 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to pay dividends, rather than royalties, meant that royalty income should not be treated as blocked. Both of these conclusions are highly supportive of the Company’s position in its case and reinforce its prior conclusions. On August 2, 2024, the Tax Court entered a decision reflecting additional federal income tax of $2.7 billion for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. With applicable interest, the total liability for the 2007 through 2009 tax years resulting from the Tax Court’s decision is $6.0 billion, for which the IRS issued the Company invoices on September 3, 2024. The Company paid the IRS Tax Litigation Deposit on September 10, 2024, which stopped interest from accruing on the additional tax due for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. That amount, plus interest earned, would be refunded in full or in part if the Company’s tax positions are ultimately sustained on appeal. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded net interest income of $217 million and $77 million, respectively, related to this tax payment in the line item income taxes in our consolidated statements of income, in accordance with our accounting policy. The payment of the IRS invoices and the related accrued interest were recorded in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. On October 22, 2024, the Company appealed the Tax Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Company filed its principal appellate brief with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on March 12, 2025. The IRS filed its appellate brief on July 7, 2025. The Company filed its reply brief on August 27, 2025. The Company strongly disagrees with the IRS’ positions and the portions of the Opinions affirming such positions and intends to vigorously defend our positions utilizing every available avenue of appeal. While the Company believes that it is more likely than not that we will ultimately prevail in this litigation upon appeal, it is possible that all, or some portion of, the adjustments proposed by the IRS and sustained by the Tax Court could ultimately be upheld. In that event, the Company would not receive a refund of the applicable portion or all of the $6.0 billion it paid in response to the IRS invoices issued in September 2024 and the related accrued interest receivable of $385 million as of December 31, 2025. Additionally, the Company would likely be subject to significant additional liabilities for subsequent years, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The Company estimates that the potential aggregate remaining incremental tax and interest liability for the tax years 2010 through 2025 could be approximately $14 billion as of December 31, 2025. Additional income tax and interest on any unpaid potential liabilities for the 2010 through 2025 tax years would continue to accrue until the time any such potential liability, or portion thereof, were to be paid. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the tax litigation.
While we believe it is more likely than not that we will prevail in the tax litigation discussed above, we are confident that, between our ability to generate cash flows from operating activities and our ability to borrow funds at reasonable interest rates, we can manage the range of possible outcomes in the final resolution of the matter.
Based on all of the aforementioned factors, the Company believes its current liquidity position is strong and will continue to be sufficient to fund our operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities for the foreseeable future.
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Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $7,408 million and $6,805 million, respectively, an increase of $603 million, or 9%. This increase was primarily driven by strong cash operating results, lower tax payments, the timing of changes in working capital and lower contributions to The Coca-Cola Foundation compared to the prior year. These items were partially offset by the prior year benefit of the trade accounts receivable factoring program and higher transfers of surplus non-U.S. plan assets from pension trusts to general assets of the Company in the prior year. The increase was also partially offset by unfavorable hedging activity, higher marketing payments, tax deposits related to Israel and Vietnam, and higher net interest payments.
Additionally, the activity in 2025 included $6.1 billion of the $6.2 billion final milestone payment for fairlife. The activity in 2024 included the $6.0 billion IRS Tax Litigation Deposit.
Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the tax payment to the IRS. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the pension transfer. Refer to Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our milestone payment for fairlife.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $67 million in 2025 and net cash provided by investing activities was $2,524 million in 2024.
Purchases of Investments and Proceeds from Disposals of Investments
In 2025, purchases of investments were $6,160 million and proceeds from disposals of investments were $4,665 million, resulting in a net cash outflow of $1,495 million. In 2024, purchases of investments were $5,640 million and proceeds from disposals of investments were $6,589 million, resulting in a net cash inflow of $949 million. This activity primarily represents the purchases of, and proceeds from the disposals of, investments in marketable securities and short-term investments that were made as part of the Company’s overall cash management strategy. Also included in this activity are purchases of, and proceeds from the disposals of, investments held by our captive insurance companies.
Acquisitions of Businesses, Equity Method Investments and Nonmarketable Securities
In 2025 and 2024, the Company’s acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $461 million and $315 million, respectively. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Proceeds from Disposals of Businesses, Equity Method Investments and Nonmarketable Securities
In 2025 and 2024, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $3,567 million and $3,485 million, respectively. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Purchases of Property, Plant and Equipment
Purchases of property, plant and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $2,112 million and $2,064 million, respectively.
Total capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment and the percentage of such totals by operating segment and Corporate were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Capital expenditures $ 2,112 $ 2,064
EMEA 11.2 % 10.7 %
Latin America 0.1 —
North America 31.7 29.2
Asia Pacific 3.4 0.9
Bottling Investments 25.9 35.6
Corporate 27.7 23.6

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Collateral (Paid) Received Associated with Hedging Activities — Net
Collateral received associated with our hedging activities during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $330 million and $235 million, respectively. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our hedging activities.
Other Investing Activities
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the total cash inflow from other investing activities was $91 million and $194 million, respectively. The activity during 2025 included $139 million related to the reimbursement of advance payments made to finance the construction of leased assets and $74 million related to interest and dividends received from our captive insurance companies’ solvency capital funds, partially offset by an advance payment of $184 million to acquire additional shares in an equity method investee. The activity during 2024 included the receipt of a $100 million installment payment on the note receivable related to the sale of our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Pakistan in 2023 and the collection of $69 million of deferred proceeds related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in Vietnam. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these transactions.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $8,140 million and $6,910 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Loans, Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt
Our Company maintains debt levels we consider prudent based on our cash flows, interest coverage ratio and percentage of debt to capital. We use debt financing to lower our overall cost of capital, which increases our return on shareowners’ equity. This exposes us to adverse changes in interest rates. Our interest expense may also be affected by our credit ratings.
As of December 31, 2025, our long-term debt was rated “A+” by Standard & Poor’s and “A1” by Moody’s. Our commercial paper program was rated “A-1” by Standard & Poor’s and “P-1” by Moody’s. In assessing our credit strength, both rating agencies consider our capital structure (including the amount and maturity dates of our debt) and financial policies as well as the consolidated balance sheet and other financial information of the Company. In addition, certain rating agencies also consider the financial information of certain bottlers, including CCEP, Coke Consolidated, Coca-Cola FEMSA and CCHBC. While the Company has no legal obligation for the debt of these bottlers, the rating agencies believe the strategic importance of the bottlers to the Company’s business model provides the Company with an incentive to keep these bottlers viable. It is our expectation that these rating agencies will continue using this methodology. If our credit ratings were to be downgraded as a result of changes in our capital structure, our major bottlers’ financial performance, changes in the credit rating agencies’ methodology in assessing our credit strength, or for any other reason, our cost of borrowing could increase. Additionally, if the credit ratings of certain bottlers in which we have equity method investments were to decline, the Company’s equity income could be reduced as a result of the potential increase in interest expense for those bottlers.
We monitor our financial ratios and, as indicated above, the rating agencies consider these ratios in assessing our credit ratings. Each rating agency employs a different aggregation methodology and has different thresholds for the various financial ratios. These thresholds are not necessarily permanent, nor are they always fully disclosed to our Company.
Our global presence and strong capital position give us access to key financial markets around the world, enabling us to borrow funds at a low effective cost. This posture, coupled with active management of our mix of short-term and long-term debt as well as our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, results in a lower overall cost of borrowing. Our debt management policies, in conjunction with our share repurchase program and investment activity, can result in current liabilities exceeding current assets.
During 2025, the Company had issuances of debt of $4,980 million, which consisted of $865 million of net payments of commercial paper and short-term debt with maturities of 90 days or less, $3,442 million of issuances of commercial paper and short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days and long-term debt issuances of $673 million, net of related discounts and issuance costs.
During 2025, the Company made payments of debt of $4,967 million, which consisted of $4,132 million of payments related to commercial paper and short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days, and payments of long-term debt of $835 million. Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
During 2024, the Company had issuances of debt of $12,061 million, which consisted of $3,309 million of issuances of commercial paper and short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days and long-term debt issuances of $8,752 million, net of related discounts and issuance costs.
During 2024, the Company made payments of debt of $9,533 million, which consisted of $1,269 million of net payments of commercial paper and short-term debt with maturities of 90 days or less, $5,276 million of payments related to commercial
54
paper and short-term debt with maturities greater than 90 days and payments of long-term debt of $2,988 million. During 2024, the Company extinguished $485 million of long-term debt prior to maturity. Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Issuances of Stock
The issuances of stock in 2025 and 2024 were related to the exercise of stock options by employees.
Purchases of Stock for Treasury

In 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the 2019 Plan, a share repurchase plan of up to 150 million shares of the Company’s common stock.
During 2025, the total cash outflow for treasury stock purchases was $746 million. The Company repurchased 9.4 million shares of common stock under the 2019 Plan. These shares were repurchased at an average price per share of $67.42, for a total cost of $634 million. The net impact of the Company’s issuances of stock and treasury stock purchases during 2025 resulted in a net cash outflow of $433 million.
During 2024, the total cash outflow for treasury stock purchases was $1,795 million. The Company repurchased 26.5 million shares of common stock under the 2019 Plan. These shares were repurchased at an average price per share of $63.91, for a total cost of $1,694 million. The net impact of the Company’s issuances of stock and treasury stock purchases during 2024 resulted in a net cash outflow of $1,048 million.
Since the inception of our share repurchase program in 1984, we have repurchased 3.6 billion shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $18.43. In addition to shares repurchased under the share repurchase plans authorized by our Board of Directors, the Company’s treasury stock activity also includes shares surrendered to the Company to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with stock swap exercises of employee stock options and/or the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.
Dividends
The Company paid dividends of $8,779 million and $8,359 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
At its February 2026 meeting, our Board of Directors increased our regular quarterly dividend to $0.53 per share, equivalent to a full year dividend of $2.12 per share in 2026. This is our 64
th
consecutive annual increase. Our annualized common stock dividend was $2.04 per share and $1.94 per share in 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Proceeds from Sale of a Noncontrolling Interest
During 2025, the Company received proceeds of $1,338 million from the sale of a noncontrolling interest. Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Other Financing Activities
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the total cash outflow for other financing activities was $279 million and $31 million, respectively. The activities during 2025 included $157 million of withholding taxes and other direct costs related to the sale of a noncontrolling interest. Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Additionally, the cash outflow during 2025 included $104 million of the $6.2 billion final milestone payment for fairlife.
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Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s contractual obligations, including payments due by period, were as follows (in millions):
Payments Due by Period
Total 2026 2027-2028 2029-2030 2031 and Thereafter
Loans and notes payable: 1
Commercial paper borrowings $ 1,495 $ 1,495 $ — $ — $ —
Lines of credit and other short-term borrowings 56 56 — — —
Current maturities of long-term debt 2 1,763 1,763 — — —
Long-term debt, net of current maturities 2 42,623 — 7,702 6,547 28,374
Estimated interest payments 3 18,113 1,017 1,683 1,644 13,769
Accrued income taxes 4 778 525 253 — —
Purchase obligations 5 27,318 18,416 3,375 2,090 3,437
Marketing obligations 6 3,803 2,075 948 432 348
Lease obligations 2,866 503 814 580 969
Held-for-sale and related obligations 7 1,437 1,008 287 132 10
Total contractual obligations $ 100,252 $ 26,858 $ 15,062 $ 11,425 $ 46,907

1
Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding loans and notes payable. Upon payment of outstanding commercial paper, we typically issue new commercial paper. Lines of credit and other short-term borrowings are expected to fluctuate depending upon current liquidity needs, especially at international subsidiaries.
2
Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding long-term debt. We will consider several alternatives for settling this long-term debt, including the use of cash flows from operating activities, issuance of commercial paper or issuance of other long-term debt. The table above shows expected cash payments to be made by the Company and excludes the noncash portion of debt, including any fair value adjustments, unamortized discounts and premiums.
3
We calculated estimated interest payments for our long-term debt based on the applicable rates and payment dates. For our variable-rate debt, we have assumed the December 31, 2025 rate for all periods presented. We expect to fund such interest payments with cash flows from operating activities and/or short-term borrowings.
4
Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding income taxes. Liabilities of $1,570 million for unrecognized tax benefits, plus accrued interest and penalties, are not included in the total above. Currently, the settlement period for the unrecognized tax benefits cannot be determined. In addition, any payments related to unrecognized tax benefits may be partially or fully offset by reductions in payments in other jurisdictions.
5
Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms. These agreements include long-term contractual obligations, open purchase orders, accounts payable and certain accrued liabilities. We expect to fund these purchase obligations with cash flows from operating activities.
6
We expect to fund these marketing obligations with cash flows from operating activities.
7
Represents liabilities and contractual obligations that were classified as held for sale related to our bottling operations in Africa. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The total accrued liability for pension and other postretirement benefit plans recognized as of December 31, 2025 was $863 million. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. This amount is impacted by, among other items, net periodic benefit cost or income, plan funding levels, plan amendments, changes in plan demographics and assumptions, and the investment return on plan assets. Because the accrued liability does not represent expected liquidity needs, we did not include this amount in the table above.
We expect to make all contributions to our pension trusts with cash flows from operating activities. Our pension plans are generally funded in accordance with local laws and tax regulations. The Company expects to contribute approximately $27 million in 2026 to our pension trusts, all of which will be allocated to our international plans. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We did not include our estimated contributions to our pension trusts in the table above.
As of December 31, 2025, the projected benefit obligation of the U.S. qualified pension plan was $3,907 million, and the fair value of the plan assets was $3,896 million. The projected benefit obligation of all pension plans other than the U.S. qualified pension plan was $2,321 million, and the fair value of the plans’ assets was $2,627 million. The Company sponsors various unfunded pension plans outside the United States as well as unfunded nonqualified pension plans covering certain U.S. employees. These U.S. nonqualified pension plans provide benefits that are not permitted to be funded through a qualified plan because of limits imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The expected benefit payments for these unfunded pension
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plans are not included in the table above. However, we anticipate benefit payments for these unfunded pension plans will be approximately $66 million for 2026. Thereafter, the expected annual benefit payments will gradually decline. Refer to Note 14 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In general, we are self-insured for large portions of many different types of claims; however, we do use commercial insurance above our self-insured retentions to reduce the Company’s risk of catastrophic loss. Our reserves for the Company’s self-insured losses are estimated using actuarial methods and assumptions of the insurance industry, adjusted for our specific expectations based on our claims history. As of December 31, 2025, our self-insurance reserves totaled $155 million. Refer to Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We did not include estimated payments related to our self-insurance reserves in the table above.
Deferred income tax liabilities as of December 31, 2025 were $2,406 million. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. This amount is not included in the table above because we believe that presentation would not be meaningful. Deferred income tax liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their respective book bases, which will result in taxable amounts in future years when the underlying assets or liabilities are settled at their reported financial statement amounts. The results of these calculations do not have a direct connection with the amount of cash taxes to be paid in any future years. As a result, scheduling deferred income tax liabilities as payments due by period could be misleading, because this scheduling would not relate to liquidity needs.
As of December 31, 2025, we were contingently liable for guarantees of indebtedness owed by third parties of $786 million, of which $61 million was related to VIEs. Our guarantees are primarily related to third-party customers, bottlers and vendors and arose through the normal course of business. These guarantees have various terms, and none of these guarantees is individually significant. These amounts represent the maximum potential future payments that we could be required to make under the guarantees. However, management has concluded that the likelihood of any significant amounts being paid by our Company under these guarantees is remote. As of December 31, 2025, we were not directly liable for the debt of any unconsolidated entity.
Foreign Exchange
Our international operations are subject to certain opportunities and risks, including currency fluctuations and governmental actions. We closely monitor our operations in each country and seek to adopt appropriate strategies that are responsive to changing economic and political environments as well as to fluctuations in currencies. Due to the geographic diversity of our operations, weakness in some currencies may be offset by strength in other currencies over time.
In 2025 and 2024, our operating income was impacted by the weighted-average fluctuations in exchange rates for foreign currencies in which the Company conducted operations (all operating currencies) and for certain individual currencies. These currencies strengthened (weakened) against the U.S. dollar as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
All operating currencies (1) % (5) %
Australian dollar (2) (1)
Brazilian real (3) (7)
British pound 4 3
Chinese yuan — (2)
Euro 4 —
Indian rupee (4) (1)
Japanese yen 2 (7)
Mexican peso (4) (3)
Philippine peso — (3)
South African rand 4 1

The percentages in the table above do not include the effects of our hedging activities and, therefore, do not reflect the actual impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on our operating results. Our hedging activities are designed to mitigate, over time, a portion of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our net income.
The total impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on net operating revenues, including the effect of our hedging activities, was a decrease of 2% and 5% in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The total impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on operating income, including the effect of our hedging activities, was a decrease of 12% and 11% in 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are primarily the result of the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities from certain currencies into functional currencies. The effects of the remeasurement of these assets and liabilities are partially offset by the impact of our economic hedging program for certain exposures on our consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses are recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income. Refer to the heading “Operations Review — Other Income (Loss) — Net” above. The Company recorded net foreign currency exchange losses of $48 million and $180 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
Inflation affects the way we operate in many markets around the world. In general, we believe that, over time, we will be able to increase prices to counteract the majority of the inflationary effects of increasing costs and to generate sufficient cash flows to maintain our productive capability.
ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our Company uses derivative financial instruments primarily to reduce our exposure to adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and other market risks. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. As a matter of policy, all of our derivative positions are used to reduce risk by hedging an underlying economic exposure. Because of the high correlation between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures, fluctuations in the values of the instruments are generally offset by reciprocal changes in the values of the underlying exposures.
We monitor our exposure to market risks using several objective measurement systems, including a sensitivity analysis to measure our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our hedging transactions and derivative financial instruments.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
We manage most of our foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows us to net certain exposures and take advantage of any natural offsets. In 2025, we generated $28.8 billion of our net operating revenues from operations outside the United States. Due to the geographic diversity of our operations, weakness in some currencies may be offset by strength in other currencies over time. We use derivative financial instruments to further reduce our net exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Our Company enters into forward exchange contracts and purchases foreign currency options and collars (principally euro, British pound and Japanese yen) to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. Additionally, we enter into forward exchange contracts to offset the earnings impact related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain monetary assets and liabilities. We also enter into forward exchange contracts as hedges of net investments in foreign operations.
The total notional values of our foreign currency derivatives were $21,128 million and $18,442 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These values included derivative instruments that were designated and qualified for hedge accounting along with derivative instruments that are economic hedges. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives that qualified for hedge accounting resulted in a net unrealized gain of $48 million as of December 31, 2025, and we estimate that a 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a $609 million decrease in fair value. The fair value of the foreign currency derivatives that did not qualify for hedge accounting resulted in a net unrealized gain of $57 million as of December 31, 2025, and we estimate that a 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a $123 million decrease in fair value.
Interest Rates
The Company is subject to interest rate volatility with regard to existing and future issuances of debt. We monitor our mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt as well as our mix of short-term debt and long-term debt. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations.
Based on the Company’s variable-rate debt and derivative instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2025, we estimate that a 1 percentage point increase in interest rates would have increased interest expense by $120 million in 2025. However, this increase in interest expense would have been partially offset by the increase in interest income due to higher interest rates.
The Company is subject to interest rate risk related to its investments in highly liquid debt securities. These investments are primarily managed by external managers within the guidelines of the Company’s investment policy. Our policy requires these
58
investments to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the risk of principal loss. In addition, our policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We estimate that a 1 percentage point increase in interest rates would have resulted in a $39 million decrease in the fair value of our portfolio of highly liquid debt securities.
Commodity Prices
The Company is subject to market risk with respect to commodity price fluctuations, principally related to our purchases of sweeteners, metals, juices, PET and fuels. We manage our exposure to commodity risks primarily through the use of supplier pricing agreements, which enable us to establish the purchase prices for certain inputs that are used in our manufacturing and distribution operations. When deemed appropriate, we use derivative financial instruments to further manage our exposure to commodity risks. Certain of these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting, but they are effective economic hedges that help the Company mitigate the price risk associated with the purchases and transportation of materials used in our manufacturing processes.
The total notional values of our commodity derivatives were $535 million and $386 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These values included derivative instruments that were designated and qualified for hedge accounting along with derivative instruments that are economic hedges. The fair value of commodity derivatives that qualified for hedge accounting resulted in a net unrealized loss of $9 million as of December 31, 2025, and we estimate that a 10% decrease in underlying commodity prices would have resulted in a $3 million increase in fair value
.
The fair value of the commodity derivatives that did not qualify for hedge accounting resulted in a net loss of $2 million as of December 31, 2025, and we estimate that a 10% decrease in underlying commodity prices would have resulted in a $33 million decrease in fair value.
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ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Table of Contents
Page
Consolidated Statements of Income 61
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 62
Consolidated Balance Sheets 63
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 64
Consolidated Statements of Shareowners’ Equity 65
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 66
Note 1 Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 66
Note 2 Acquisitions and Divestitures 73
Note 3 Net Operating Revenues 74
Note 4 Investments 76
Note 5 Hedging Transactions and Derivative Financial Instruments 78
Note 6 Equity Method Investments 85
Note 7 Goodwill 86
Note 8 Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses 86
Note 9 Supply Chain Finance Program 87
Note 10 Leases 87
Note 11 Debt and Borrowing Arrangements 88
Note 12 Commitments and Contingencies 89
Note 13 Stock-Based Compensation Plans 92
Note 14 Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans 95
Note 15 Income Taxes 101
Note 16 Other Comprehensive Income 106
Note 17 Fair Value Measurements 109
Note 18 Significant Operating and Nonoperating Items 114
Note 19 Restructuring 115
Note 20 Operating Segments 116
Note 21 Net Change in Operating Assets and Liabilities 118
Report of Management 119
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Fir m (PCAOB ID: 42 ) 121
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 123

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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions except per share data)
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Net Operating Revenues $ 47,941 $ 47,061 $ 45,754
Cost of goods sold 18,397 18,324 18,520
Gross Profit 29,544 28,737 27,234
Selling, general and administrative expenses 14,521 14,582 13,972
Other operating charges 1,261 4,163 1,951
Operating Income 13,762 9,992 11,311
Interest income 786 988 907
Interest expense 1,654 1,656 1,527
Equity income (loss) — net 2,031 1,770 1,691
Other income (loss) — net 1,073 1,992 570
Income Before Income Taxes 15,998 13,086 12,952
Income taxes 2,861 2,437 2,249
Consolidated Net Income 13,137 10,649 10,703
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 30 18 ( 11 )
Net Income Attributable to Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ 13,107 $ 10,631 $ 10,714
Basic Net Income Per Share 1 $ 3.05 $ 2.47 $ 2.48
Diluted Net Income Per Share 1 $ 3.04 $ 2.46 $ 2.47
Average Shares Outstanding — Basic 4,303 4,309 4,323
Effect of dilutive securities 10 11 16
Average Shares Outstanding — Diluted 4,313 4,320 4,339

1
Calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company.
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Consolidated Net Income $ 13,137 $ 10,649 $ 10,703
Other Comprehensive Income:
Net foreign currency translation adjustments 2,868 ( 2,893 ) 736
Net gains (losses) on derivatives ( 360 ) 270 ( 178 )
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 38 ( 63 ) 24
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities 94 109 ( 109 )
Total Comprehensive Income 15,777 8,072 11,176
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests ( 42 ) 9 ( 158 )
Total Comprehensive Income Attributable to Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ 15,819 $ 8,063 $ 11,334

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions except par value)
December 31, 2025 2024
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,270 $ 10,828
Short-term investments 3,602 2,020
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments 13,872 12,848
Marketable securities 1,934 1,723
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $ 495 and $ 506 , respectively 3,038 3,569
Inventories 4,425 4,728
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,433 2,998
Assets held for sale 5,342 131
Total Current Assets 31,044 25,997
Equity method investments 20,235 18,087
Deferred income tax assets 1,206 1,319
Property, plant and equipment — net 9,613 10,303
Trademarks with indefinite lives 12,531 13,301
Goodwill 15,491 18,139
Other noncurrent assets 14,696 13,403
Total Assets $ 104,816 $ 100,549
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 14,813 $ 21,712
Loans and notes payable 1,551 1,499
Current maturities of long-term debt 1,822 648
Accrued income taxes 525 1,387
Liabilities held for sale 2,570 3
Total Current Liabilities 21,281 25,249
Long-term debt 42,119 42,375
Other noncurrent liabilities 4,735 4,084
Deferred income tax liabilities 2,406 2,469
The Coca-Cola Company Shareowners’ Equity
Common stock, $ 0.25 par value; authorized — 11,200 shares; issued — 7,040 shares 1,760 1,760
Capital surplus 20,581 19,801
Reinvested earnings 80,382 76,054
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ( 14,131 ) ( 16,843 )
Treasury stock, at cost — 2,738 and 2,738 shares, respectively ( 56,423 ) ( 55,916 )
Equity Attributable to Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 32,169 24,856
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 2,106 1,516
Total Equity 34,275 26,372
Total Liabilities and Equity $ 104,816 $ 100,549

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Operating Activities
Consolidated net income $ 13,137 $ 10,649 $ 10,703
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,050 1,075 1,128
Stock-based compensation expense 279 286 254
Deferred income taxes 517 ( 11 ) ( 2 )
Equity (income) loss — net of dividends ( 1,038 ) ( 802 ) ( 1,019 )
Foreign currency adjustments 191 ( 110 ) 175
Significant (gains) losses — net ( 713 ) ( 1,737 ) ( 492 )
Other operating charges 1,052 4,000 1,741
Other items 141 ( 311 ) ( 43 )
Net change in operating assets and liabilities ( 7,208 ) ( 6,234 ) ( 846 )
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 7,408 6,805 11,599
Investing Activities
Purchases of investments ( 6,160 ) ( 5,640 ) ( 6,698 )
Proceeds from disposals of investments 4,665 6,589 4,354
Acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities ( 461 ) ( 315 ) ( 62 )
Proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities 3,567 3,485 430
Purchases of property, plant and equipment ( 2,112 ) ( 2,064 ) ( 1,852 )
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 13 40 74
Collateral (paid) received associated with hedging activities — net 330 235 366
Other investing activities 91 194 39
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities ( 67 ) 2,524 ( 3,349 )
Financing Activities
Issuances of loans, notes payable and long-term debt 4,980 12,061 6,891
Payments of loans, notes payable and long-term debt ( 4,967 ) ( 9,533 ) ( 5,034 )
Issuances of stock 313 747 539
Purchases of stock for treasury ( 746 ) ( 1,795 ) ( 2,289 )
Dividends ( 8,779 ) ( 8,359 ) ( 7,952 )
Proceeds from sale of a noncontrolling interest 1,338 — —
Other financing activities ( 279 ) ( 31 ) ( 465 )
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities ( 8,140 ) ( 6,910 ) ( 8,310 )
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents 321 ( 623 ) ( 73 )
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents during the year ( 478 ) 1,796 ( 133 )
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of year 11,488 9,692 9,825
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents at End of Year 11,010 11,488 9,692
Less: Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at end of year 740 660 326
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year $ 10,270 $ 10,828 $ 9,366

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
64
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREOWNERS’ EQUITY
(In millions except per share data)
2025 2024 2023
Equity Attributable to Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company
Number of Common Shares Outstanding
Balance at beginning of year 4,302 4,308 4,328
Treasury stock issued to employees related to stock-based compensation plans 9 21 17
Purchases of stock for treasury ( 9 ) ( 27 ) ( 37 )
Balance at end of year 4,302 4,302 4,308
Common Stock $ 1,760 $ 1,760 $ 1,760
Capital Surplus
Balance at beginning of year 19,801 19,209 18,822
Stock issued to employees related to stock-based compensation plans 94 319 177
Stock-based compensation expense 266 273 233
Sale of subsidiary shares 420 — —
Acquisition of interests held by noncontrolling owners — — ( 20 )
Other activities — — ( 3 )
Balance at end of year 20,581 19,801 19,209
Reinvested Earnings
Balance at beginning of year 76,054 73,782 71,019
Net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company 13,107 10,631 10,714
Dividends (per share — $ 2.04 , $ 1.94 and $ 1.84 in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively) ( 8,779 ) ( 8,359 ) ( 7,951 )
Balance at end of year 80,382 76,054 73,782
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at beginning of year ( 16,843 ) ( 14,275 ) ( 14,895 )
Net other comprehensive income (loss) 2,712 ( 2,568 ) 620
Balance at end of year ( 14,131 ) ( 16,843 ) ( 14,275 )
Treasury Stock
Balance at beginning of year ( 55,916 ) ( 54,535 ) ( 52,601 )
Treasury stock issued to employees related to stock-based compensation plans 127 321 255
Purchases of stock for treasury ( 634 ) ( 1,702 ) ( 2,189 )
Balance at end of year ( 56,423 ) ( 55,916 ) ( 54,535 )
Total Equity Attributable to Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ 32,169 $ 24,856 $ 25,941
Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Balance at beginning of year $ 1,516 $ 1,539 $ 1,721
Sale of subsidiary shares 644 — —
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 30 18 ( 11 )
Net foreign currency translation adjustments ( 69 ) ( 9 ) ( 147 )
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests ( 25 ) ( 28 ) ( 25 )
Contributions by noncontrolling interests 13 — —
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities ( 3 ) — —
Divestitures — ( 4 ) —
Acquisition of interests held by noncontrolling owners — — ( 2 )
Other activities — — 3
Total Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests $ 2,106 $ 1,516 $ 1,539

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
65
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1:
BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
When used in these notes, the terms “The Coca-Cola Company,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean The Coca-Cola Company and all entities included in our consolidated financial statements.
Description of Business
The Coca-Cola Company is a total beverage company. We own or license and market numerous beverage brands, which we group into the following categories: Trademark Coca-Cola; sparkling flavors; water, sports, coffee and tea; juice, value-added dairy and plant-based beverages; and emerging beverages. We own and market several of the world’s largest nonalcoholic sparkling soft drink brands, including Coca-Cola, Sprite, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Fanta and Diet Coke/Coca-Cola Light. Finished beverage products bearing our trademarks, sold in the United States since 1886, are now sold in more than
200
countries and territories.
We make our branded beverage products available to consumers throughout the world through our network of independent bottling partners, distributors, wholesalers and retailers as well as the Company’s consolidated bottling and distribution operations. Beverages bearing trademarks owned by or licensed to us account for
2.2
 billion of the estimated
65
billion servings of all beverages consumed worldwide every day.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on our knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates and assumptions. Furthermore, when testing assets for impairment in future periods, if management uses different assumptions or if different conditions occur, impairment charges may result.
Certain other amounts in the prior years’ consolidated financial statements and notes have been revised to conform to the current year presentation.
Principles of Consolidation
Our Company consolidates all entities that we control by ownership of a majority voting interest. Additionally, there are situations in which consolidation is required even though the usual condition of consolidation (i.e., ownership of a majority voting interest) does not apply. Generally, this occurs when an entity holds an interest in another business enterprise that was achieved through arrangements that do not involve voting interests, which results in a disproportionate relationship between such entity’s voting interests in, and its exposure to the economic risks and potential rewards of, the other business enterprise. This disproportionate relationship results in what is known as a variable interest, and the entity in which another entity holds a variable interest is referred to as a “VIE.” An enterprise must consolidate a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Our Company holds interests in certain VIEs, primarily bottling operations, for which we were not determined to be the primary beneficiary. Our variable interests in these VIEs primarily relate to equity investments, profit guarantees or subordinated financial support. Refer to Note 12. Although these financial arrangements resulted in our holding variable interests in these entities, they did not empower us to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance. Our Company’s investments, plus any loans and guarantees, and other subordinated financial support related to these VIEs totaled $
1,676
million and $
1,680
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing our maximum exposures to loss. The Company’s investments, plus any loans and guarantees, related to these VIEs were not individually significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In addition, our Company holds interests in certain VIEs, primarily bottling operations, for which we were determined to be the primary beneficiary. As a result, we have consolidated these entities. Our Company’s investments, plus any loans and guarantees, related to these VIEs totaled $
89
million and $
87
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing our maximum exposures to loss. The assets and liabilities of VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary were not significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
66
Creditors of our VIEs do not have recourse against the general credit of the Company, regardless of whether the VIEs are accounted for as consolidated entities.
We use the equity method to account for investments in companies if our investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Our consolidated net income includes our Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of these companies. Our judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investee includes considering key factors, such as our ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions, other commercial arrangements and material intercompany transactions.
We eliminate from our financial results all significant intercompany transactions, including the intercompany transactions with consolidated VIEs and the intercompany portion of transactions with equity method investees.
Revenue Recognition
Our Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations under the terms of the contracts with our customers are satisfied. Our performance obligation generally consists of the promise to sell concentrates, syrups or finished products to our bottling partners, wholesalers, distributors or retailers. Refer to Note 3.
 
Advertising Costs
Our Company expenses production costs of print, radio, television and other advertisements as of the first date the advertisements take place. All other marketing expenditures are expensed in the annual period in which the expenditure is incurred. Advertising costs included in the line item selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income were $
5.4
billion, $
5.1
billion and $
5.0
billion in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, advertising and production costs of $
14
million and $
25
million, respectively, were primarily recorded in the line item prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs related to the movement of goods from our manufacturing locations to our sales distribution centers are included in the line item cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income. Shipping and handling costs incurred to move goods from our manufacturing locations or sales distribution centers to our customers are also included in the line item cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income, except for costs incurred to distribute goods sold by our consolidated bottlers to our customers, which are included in the line item selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. Our customers generally do not pay us separately for shipping and handling costs. We recognize the cost of shipping and handling activities that are performed after a customer obtains control of the goods as costs to fulfill our promise to provide goods to the customer. As a result of this election, the Company does not evaluate whether shipping and handling activities are services promised to customers. If revenue is recognized for the related goods before the shipping and handling activities occur, the related costs of those shipping and handling activities are accrued.
Sales, Use, Value-Added and Excise Taxes
The Company collects taxes imposed directly on its customers related to sales, use, value-added, excise and other similar taxes. The Company then remits such taxes on behalf of its customers to the applicable governmental authorities. We exclude from net operating revenues the tax amounts imposed on revenue-producing transactions that were collected from our customers to be remitted to governmental authorities. Accordingly, such tax amounts are recorded in the line item trade accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheet when collection of taxes from the customer has not yet occurred and are recorded in the line item accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet until they are remitted to the applicable governmental authorities. Taxes imposed directly on the Company, whether based on receipts from sales, inventory procurement costs or manufacturing activities, are recorded in the line item cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income.

Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net income per share is computed similarly to basic net income per share, except that it includes the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities were exercised. We excluded
3
million,
3
million and
8
million stock options from the computation of diluted net income per share in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, because the stock options would have been antidilutive.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents
We classify time deposits and other investments that are highly liquid and have maturities of 
three
 months or less at the date of purchase as cash equivalents or restricted cash equivalents, as applicable. Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
67
generally consist of amounts held by our captive insurance companies, which are included in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheet. We manage our exposure to counterparty credit risk through specific minimum credit standards, diversification of counterparties and procedures to monitor our concentrations of credit risk.
The following table provides a summary of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents that constitute the total amounts shown in our consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Cash and cash equivalents $ 10,270 $ 10,828 $ 9,366
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 1,2 740 660 326
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents $ 11,010 $ 11,488 $ 9,692

1
Amounts include cash and cash equivalents in our solvency capital portfolio, which are included in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4.
2
Amounts include cash and cash equivalents related to assets held for sale. Refer to Note 2.

Investments
We classify time deposits and other investments that have maturities of greater than
three
months but less than
one
year as short-term investments.
We measure all equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. We use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, we have elected the measurement alternative under which we measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Management assesses each of these investments on an individual basis. Our investments in debt securities are carried at either amortized cost or fair value. Investments in debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are carried at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity. Investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are carried at fair value and classified as either trading or available-for-sale. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on our policy for investments, which includes our assessment of impairments.
We invest in limited partnerships that receive tax credits and other tax benefits by constructing, owning and operating alternative energy generation facilities. Investments of this nature are included in the line item
other noncurrent assets
in our consolidated balance sheet. We generate a return through the receipt of tax credits, other tax benefits and cash distributions.
We have elected to apply the proportional amortization method (“PAM”) of accounting to these investments.
In accordance with PAM accounting, the Company amortizes the cost of its investments in the line item
income taxes
in our consolidated statement of income based on the proportion of the income tax benefits received during the period to the total income tax benefits expected to be received over the life of the investments. The income tax credits and other income tax benefits earned reduce our income tax payments and are recorded in the line item net change in operating assets and liabilities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Refer to Note 15 for additional information on these investments.
Trade Accounts Receivable
We record trade accounts receivable at net realizable value. This value includes an appropriate allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts, which is charged to the provision for doubtful accounts, to reflect any expected loss on the trade accounts receivable balances. We calculate this allowance based on available relevant information, in addition to historical loss information, the level of past-due accounts based on the contractual terms of the receivables, and our relationships with, and the economic status of, our bottling partners and customers. We believe our exposure to concentrations of credit risk is limited due to the diverse geographic areas covered by our operations.
The Company has a trade accounts receivable factoring program in certain countries. Under this program, we can elect to sell trade accounts receivables to unaffiliated financial institutions at a discount. In these factoring arrangements, for ease of administration, the Company collects customer payments related to the factored receivables and remits those payments to the financial institutions. The Company sold $
14,710
 million and $
21,873
 million of trade accounts receivables under this program during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The costs of factoring such receivables were $
60
million and $
114
million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company accounts for this program as a sale, and accordingly, the trade receivables sold are excluded from the line item trade accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheet. The cash received from the financial institutions is classified within the operating activities section in our consolidated statement of cash flows.
68
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of raw materials and packaging (which include ingredients and supplies) and finished goods (which include concentrates and syrups in our concentrate operations and finished beverages in our finished product operations). Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We determine cost on the basis of the average cost or first-in, first-out methods.
Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Raw materials and packaging $ 2,708 $ 2,794
Finished goods 1,375 1,524
Other 342 410
Total inventories $ 4,425 $ 4,728

Derivative Instruments
When deemed appropriate, our Company uses derivatives as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. The primary market risks managed by the Company through the use of derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and interest rate risk. All derivatives are carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet in the following line items, as applicable: prepaid expenses and other current assets; other noncurrent assets; accounts payable and accrued expenses; and other noncurrent liabilities. The cash flow impact of the Company’s derivative instruments is primarily included in our consolidated statement of cash flows in net cash provided by operating activities. Refer to Note 5.
Leases
We determine if a contract contains a lease at its inception based on whether or not the Company has the right to control the asset during the contract period and other facts and circumstances. We are the lessee in a lease contract when we obtain the right to control the asset. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and are included in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease and are included in the line items accounts payable and accrued expenses and other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. When determining the lease term, we include renewal or termination options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded in our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our consolidated statement of income. As the rates implicit in our leases are not readily determinable, we use our local incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. When our contracts contain lease and non-lease components, we account for both components as a single lease component. Refer to Note 10.
We have various contracts for certain fountain equipment under which we are the lessor. These leases meet the criteria for operating lease classification. Lease income associated with these leases is not material.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Repair and maintenance costs that do not improve service potential or extend economic life are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is recorded principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets, which are reviewed periodically and generally have the following ranges: buildings and improvements:
40
 years or less; and machinery and equipment:
20
 years or less. Land is not depreciated, and construction in progress is not depreciated until ready for service. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term, including renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise, or the estimated useful life of the improvement. Depreciation is not recorded during the period in which a long-lived asset or disposal group is classified as held for sale, even if the asset or disposal group continues to generate revenue during the period. Depreciation expense, including the depreciation expense of assets under finance leases, totaled $
978
 million, $
997
 million and $
1,018
 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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The following table summarizes our property, plant and equipment (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Land $ 265 $ 226
Buildings and improvements 4,967 5,143
Machinery and equipment 13,500 14,504
Property, plant and equipment — cost 18,732 19,873
Less: Accumulated depreciation 9,119 9,570
Property, plant and equipment — net $ 9,613 $ 10,303

Certain events or changes in circumstances may indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment should be assessed, including, among others, a significant decrease in market value, a significant change in the business climate in a particular market, or a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with historical losses or projected future losses. When such events or changes in circumstances are present and a recoverability test is performed, we estimate the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition. These estimated future cash flows are consistent with those we use in our internal planning. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, we recognize an impairment charge. The impairment charge recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value. We use a variety of methodologies to determine the fair value of property, plant and equipment, including appraisals and discounted cash flow models. These appraisals and models include assumptions we believe are consistent with those a market participant would use.
Goodwill, Trademarks and Other Intangible Assets
We classify intangible assets into three categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization; (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization; and (3) goodwill. We determine the useful lives of our identifiable intangible assets after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each intangible asset. Factors we consider when determining useful lives include the contractual term of any agreement related to the asset, the historical performance of the asset, the Company’s long-term strategy for using the asset, any laws or other local regulations which could impact the useful life of the asset, and other economic factors, including competition and specific market conditions. Intangible assets that are deemed to have definite lives are amortized, primarily on a straight-line basis, over their useful lives, which is less than
20
years.
When events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of definite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable, management performs a recoverability test of the carrying value by preparing estimates of sales volume and the resulting profit and cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition. These estimated future cash flows are consistent with those we use in our internal planning. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, we recognize an impairment charge. The impairment charge recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value. We use a variety of methodologies to determine the fair value of these assets, including discounted cash flow models, which include assumptions we believe are consistent with those a market participant would use.
We test intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives, including trademarks, franchise rights and goodwill, for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that assets might be impaired. Our Company performs these annual impairment tests as of the first day of our third fiscal quarter. We perform impairment tests using various valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow models and a market approach, to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset or the reporting unit, as applicable. We believe our assumptions are consistent with those a market participant would use. For indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, rather than completing the impairment test. The Company must assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the impairment testing described above. Otherwise, the Company does not need to perform any further assessment.
We perform impairment tests of goodwill at our reporting unit level, which is generally one level below our operating segments. Our operating segments are primarily based on geographic responsibility, which is consistent with the way management runs our business. Our geographic operating segments are generally subdivided into smaller geographic regions, which are reporting units. The Bottling Investments operating segment includes all of our consolidated bottling operations, regardless of geographic location. Generally, each consolidated bottling operation within our Bottling Investments operating
70
segment is its own reporting unit. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit or units that benefit from the synergies arising from each business combination.
In order to test for goodwill impairment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, goodwill is written down for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. However, the impairment charge recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill in order to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the impairment testing discussed above. Otherwise, the Company does not need to perform any further assessment.
Impairment charges related to intangible assets, including goodwill, are generally recorded in the line item other operating charges in our consolidated statement of income.
Contingencies
Our Company is involved in various legal proceedings and tax matters. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings and tax matters involve inherent uncertainties, including, but not limited to, court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental actions. Management assesses the probability of loss for such contingencies and accrues a liability and/or discloses the relevant circumstances, as appropriate. Refer to Note 12.
Noncontrolling Interests
In July 2025, we sold a
40
% noncontrolling interest in our bottling operations in India to a local partner for approximately $
1.3
 billion, which, net of direct costs, resulted in an increase to total equity of $
1.1
 billion. As a result,
40
% of the subsidiary’s equity was allocated to the noncontrolling interest and the remaining amount was recorded in capital surplus. Additionally, $
226
 million of foreign currency translation adjustments included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) were allocated to the noncontrolling interest.
Stock-Based Compensation
Our Company grants long-term equity awards under its stock-based compensation plans to certain employees of the Company. These awards include stock options, performance share units, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The fair value of stock option awards is estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which is generally
four years
.
The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock units and certain performance share units is the closing market price per share of the Company’s stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the vesting period. The Company included a relative total shareowner return (“TSR”) modifier for performance share unit awards granted to executives from 2020 through 2022 as well as for performance share unit awards granted to all participants starting in 2023. For these awards, the number of performance share units earned based on the certified achievement of the predefined performance criteria will be reduced or increased if the Company’s total shareowner return over the performance period relative to a predefined group of companies falls outside of a predefined range. The fair value of performance share units that include a TSR modifier is determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model.
In the reporting period it becomes probable that the minimum performance threshold specified in the performance share unit award will be achieved, we recognize compensation expense for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the performance share units related to the vesting period that has already lapsed for the performance share units expected to vest. The remaining fair value of the performance share units expected to vest is expensed on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the vesting period. In the event the Company determines it is no longer probable that the minimum performance threshold specified in the award will be achieved, we reverse all of the previously recognized compensation expense in the reporting period such a determination is made.
The Company has made a policy election to estimate the number of stock-based compensation awards that will ultimately vest to determine the amount of compensation expense recognized each reporting period. Forfeiture estimates are trued-up at the end of each quarter in order to ensure that compensation expense is recognized only for those awards that ultimately vest. Refer to Note 13.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense includes U.S., state, local and international income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the book basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The tax rate used to determine the deferred tax assets and liabilities is the enacted tax rate for the year and manner in which the differences
71
are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.
The Company is involved in various tax matters, with respect to some of which the outcome is uncertain. We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that it becomes uncertain based upon one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is not “more likely than not” to be sustained; (2) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but for a lesser amount; or (3) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but not in the financial period in which the tax position was originally taken. For purposes of evaluating whether or not a tax position is uncertain, (1) we presume the tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information; (2) the technical merits of a tax position are derived from authorities such as legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and caselaw and their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position; and (3) each tax position is evaluated without consideration of the possibility of offset or aggregation with other tax positions taken. A number of years may elapse before a particular uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved or when a tax assessment is raised. The number of years subject to tax assessments varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The tax benefit that has been previously reserved because of a failure to meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold would be recognized in income tax expense in the first interim period when the uncertainty disappears under any one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained; (2) the tax position, amount and/or timing is ultimately settled through negotiation or litigation; or (3) the statute of limitations for the tax position has expired. Refer to Note 12 and Note 15.
Translation and Remeasurement
We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies to U.S. dollars at the appropriate spot rates as of the balance sheet date. Generally, our foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. Changes in the carrying values of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in spot rates are recognized in net foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of AOCI. Refer to Note 16. Accounts in our consolidated statement of income are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must be remeasured from the applicable currency to the reporting entity’s functional currency. The effects of the remeasurement of these assets and liabilities are recognized in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income and are partially offset by the impact of our economic hedging program for certain exposures on our consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 5.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09,
Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
(“ASU 2023-09”), which requires, among other things, additional disclosures primarily related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The expanded annual disclosures are effective for our year ended December 31, 2025 and will be applied prospectively. Refer to Note 15.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,
Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)
,

which requires additional disclosures around specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. The additional annual disclosures are effective for our year ending December 31, 2027, and the additional interim disclosures are effective in 2028. These disclosures will be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
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NOTE 2:
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Acquisitions
Our Company’s acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $
461
 million, $
315
 million and $
62
million during 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The activity during 2025 included additional investments of $
120
million in an equity method investee in Japan. The activity during 2025 and 2024 included $
306
million and $
226
million, respectively, of investments in alternative energy limited partnerships. Refer to Note 15 for additional information on these investments.
Divestitures
During 2025, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $
3,567
 million. In March 2025, the Company sold a portion of our ownership interest in CCEP, an equity method investee, for which we received cash proceeds of $
741
million and recognized a gain of $
331
 million. In May 2025, the Company refranchised our bottling operations in certain territories in India that were held for sale as of December 31, 2024, for which we received cash proceeds of $
218
million and recognized a gain of $
102
 million. In October 2025, we sold our finished product operations in Nigeria, which were classified as held for sale, for which we received cash proceeds of $
106
 million. In November 2025, we sold our ownership interest in Coke Consolidated, an equity method investee, to Coke Consolidated, for which we received cash proceeds of $
2,392
 million and recognized a gain of $
1,952
million. In December 2025, we received cash proceeds of $
84
 million from the substantial liquidation of a joint venture in China, resulting in a gain of $
31
million.
During 2024, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $
3,485
 million. The Company refranchised our bottling operations in certain territories in India in January and February 2024, for which we received cash proceeds of $
474
 million and recognized a gain of $
290
 million. In February 2024, the Company refranchised our bottling operations in the Philippines to CCEP and a local business partner, for which we received cash proceeds of $
1,652
 million and recognized a gain of $
595
 million. We also sold our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Thailand, for which we received cash proceeds of $
718
million and recognized a gain of $
506
 million. Additionally, the Company refranchised our bottling operations in Bangladesh to Coca-Cola İçecek A.Ş., an equity method investee, for which we received cash proceeds of $
27
 million and a note receivable of $
29
 million and recognized a loss of $
18
million, primarily due to the related reclassification of net foreign currency translation adjustments to income. During 2025, the Company recognized an additional loss of $
14
million related to post-closing adjustments and a corresponding reduction in the outstanding note receivable balance. In July 2024, we sold a portion of our ownership interest in Coke Consolidated to Coke Consolidated, for which we received cash proceeds of $
554
million and recognized a gain of $
338
 million. In December 2024, we refranchised our bottling operations in additional territories in India, for which we received cash proceeds of $
17
million and recognized a gain of $
13
million.
During 2023, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $
430
 million, which primarily related to the sale of our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Indonesia to CCEP, for which we received cash proceeds of $
302
million and recognized a gain of $
12
million. Also included was the sale of our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Pakistan, for which we received cash proceeds of $
100
million and a note receivable of $
200
million. We recognized a gain of $
82
million as a result of the sale.
In December 2022, the Company received cash proceeds of $
823
million in advance of refranchising its bottling operations in Vietnam, which were refranchised in January 2023 and for which we recognized a gain of $
439
million.
All of the gains and losses discussed above were recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statements of income.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
In August 2025, the Company’s finished product operations in Nigeria, which were included in the EMEA operating segment, met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As a result, we were required to record the related assets and liabilities at the lower of carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell based on the estimated proceeds. As there were significant negative net foreign currency translation adjustments that would be reclassified to income upon sale, the carrying amount of the assets held for sale (including the net foreign currency translation adjustments) exceeded the estimated proceeds, which required us to record an impairment loss in excess of the carrying amount of the assets held for sale (excluding the net foreign currency translation adjustments). As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $
393
 million, which consisted of a $
235
million charge to write off the carrying amount of the assets held for sale (excluding the net foreign currency translation adjustments) and a $
158
million charge to accrue the remaining difference between the carrying amount (including the net foreign currency translation adjustments) and the estimated proceeds. These charges were recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income. The sale of these operations was completed in October 2025.
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In October 2025, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell a portion of our interest in our bottling operations in Africa to CCHBC, an equity method investee. Closing is subject to various regulatory approvals and is expected by the end of 2026, upon which we will deconsolidate these bottling operations. We have also agreed to a separate option arrangement for CCHBC to acquire the Company’s remaining 25% ownership interest within a six-year period from closing. As these operations met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, we were required to record the related assets and liabilities at the lower of carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell based on the estimated proceeds. Due to the negative net foreign currency translation adjustments that will be reclassified to income upon sale, we were required to reduce the carrying amount of the assets held for sale, which resulted in an impairment charge of $
1,274
million, which was recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income.
As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s bottling operations in certain territories in India met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As the fair values less any costs to sell exceeded the carrying values, the related assets and liabilities were recorded at their carrying values.
The following table presents information related to the major classes of assets and liabilities that were classified as held for sale in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments $ 178 $ —
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances 389 —
Inventories 466 23
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 147 —
Equity method investments 5 —
Deferred income tax assets 46 —
Property, plant and equipment — net 1,964 108
Trademarks with indefinite lives 2 —
Goodwill 3,350 —
Other noncurrent assets 60 —
Allowance for reduction of assets held for sale ( 1,265 ) —
Assets held for sale $ 5,342 $ 131
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 816 $ 2
Loans and notes payable 187 —
Current maturities of long-term debt 398 —
Accrued income taxes 5 —
Long-term debt 850 —
Other noncurrent liabilities 154 1
Deferred income tax liabilities 160 —
Liabilities held for sale $ 2,570 $ 3

NOTE 3:
NET OPERATING REVENUES
Our Company operates in two lines of business: concentrate operations and finished product operations.
Our concentrate operations typically generate net operating revenues by selling beverage concentrates, sometimes referred to as “beverage bases,” syrups, including fountain syrups, and certain finished beverages to authorized bottling operations (to which we typically refer as our “bottlers” or our “bottling partners”). Our bottling partners combine concentrates with still or sparkling water and sweeteners (depending on the product), or combine syrups with still or sparkling water, to produce finished beverages. The finished beverages are packaged in authorized containers, such as cans and refillable and nonrefillable glass and plastic bottles, bearing our trademarks or trademarks licensed to us and are then sold to retailers directly or, in some cases, through wholesalers or other bottlers. In addition, outside the United States, our bottling partners are typically authorized to manufacture fountain syrups, using our concentrates, which they sell to fountain retailers for use in producing beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. Our concentrate operations are included in our geographic operating segments.
Our finished product operations generate net operating revenues by selling sparkling soft drinks and a variety of other finished beverages to retailers, or to distributors and wholesalers who in turn sell the beverages to retailers. Generally, finished product
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operations generate higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins than concentrate operations. These operations consist primarily of our consolidated bottling and distribution operations, which are included in our Bottling Investments operating segment. In certain markets, the Company also operates non-bottling finished product operations in which we sell finished beverages to distributors and wholesalers that are generally not one of the Company’s bottling partners. These operations are generally included in our geographic operating segments. Additionally, we sell directly to consumers through retail stores operated by Costa. These sales are included in our EMEA operating segment, regardless of the physical location of the retail stores. In the United States, we manufacture fountain syrups and sell them to fountain retailers, who use the fountain syrups to produce beverages for immediate consumption, or to authorized fountain wholesalers or bottling partners who in turn sell and distribute the fountain syrups to fountain retailers. These fountain syrup sales are included in our North America operating segment.
Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of the contracts with our customers are satisfied. Our performance obligation generally consists of the promise to sell concentrates, syrups or finished products to our bottling partners, wholesalers, distributors or retailers. Control of the concentrates, syrups or finished products is transferred upon shipment to, or receipt at, our customers’ locations, as determined by the specific terms of the contract. Upon transfer of control to the customer, which completes our performance obligation, revenue is recognized. Our sales terms generally do not allow for a right of return except for matters related to any manufacturing defects on our part. After completion of our performance obligation, we have an unconditional right to consideration as outlined in the contract. Our receivables will generally be collected in less than six months, in accordance with the underlying payment terms. All of our performance obligations under the terms of contracts with our customers have an original duration of one year or less.
Our customers and bottling partners may be entitled to cash discounts, funds for promotional and marketing activities, volume-based incentive programs, support for infrastructure programs and other similar programs. In most markets, in an effort to allow our Company and our bottling partners to grow together through shared value, aligned financial objectives and the flexibility necessary to meet consumers’ always changing needs and tastes, we have implemented an incidence-based concentrate pricing model. Under this model, the price we charge bottlers for concentrates they use to prepare and package finished products is impacted by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the prices charged by the bottlers for such finished products, the channels in which they are sold, and package mix. The amounts associated with the arrangements described above represent variable consideration, an estimate of which is included in the transaction price as a component of net operating revenues in our consolidated statement of income upon completion of our performance obligations. The total revenue recorded, including any variable consideration, cannot exceed the amount for which it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur when uncertainties related to variability are resolved. As a result, we are recognizing revenue based on our best estimate of the consideration that we expect to receive. In making our estimates of variable consideration, we consider past results and make assumptions related to: (1) customer sales volumes; (2) customer ending inventories; (3) customer selling price per unit; (4) selling channels; and (5) discount rates, rebates and other pricing allowances, as applicable. In gathering data to estimate our variable consideration, we generally calculate our estimates using a portfolio approach at the country and product line level rather than at the individual contract level. The result of making these estimates will impact the line items trade accounts receivable or accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet, as applicable. The actual amounts ultimately paid and/or received may be different from our estimates. The change in the amount of variable consideration recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was immaterial.
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The following table presents net operating revenues disaggregated between the United States and International and further by line of business (in millions):
United States International Total
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Concentrate operations $ 8,956 $ 19,506 $ 28,462
Finished product operations 10,171 9,308 19,479
Total $ 19,127 $ 28,814 $ 47,941
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Concentrate operations $ 8,813 $ 18,912 $ 27,725
Finished product operations 9,549 9,787 19,336
Total $ 18,362 $ 28,699 $ 47,061
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Concentrate operations $ 8,780 $ 17,759 $ 26,539
Finished product operations 7,770 11,445 19,215
Total $ 16,550 $ 29,204 $ 45,754

Refer to Note 20 for additional revenue disclosures by operating segment and Corporate.
NOTE 4:
INVESTMENTS
We measure all equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value, with the change in fair value included in net income. We use quoted market prices to determine the fair values of equity securities with readily determinable fair values. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, we have elected the measurement alternative under which we measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Management assesses each of these investments on an individual basis.
Our investments in debt securities are carried at either amortized cost or fair value. The cost basis is determined by the specific identification method. Investments in debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are carried at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity. Investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are carried at fair value and classified as either trading or available-for-sale. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are included in net income. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale debt securities are included in our consolidated balance sheet as a component of AOCI, except for the changes in fair values attributable to the currency risk being hedged, if applicable, which are included in net income. Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the Company’s fair value hedges of available-for-sale debt securities.
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values that are not accounted for under the equity method and debt securities classified as trading are not assessed for impairment, since they are carried at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. Equity method investments, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and debt securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are reviewed each reporting period to determine whether a significant event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have an adverse effect on the fair value of each investment. When such events or changes occur, we evaluate the fair value compared to our cost basis in the investment. We also perform this evaluation every reporting period for each investment for which our cost basis has exceeded the fair value. The fair values of most of our Company’s investments in publicly traded companies are readily available based on quoted market prices. For investments in nonpublicly traded companies, management’s assessment of fair value is based on various valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows, estimates of sales proceeds, and appraisals, as appropriate. We consider the assumptions that we believe a market participant would use in evaluating estimated future cash flows when employing the discounted cash flow or estimates of sales proceeds valuation methodologies. The ability to accurately predict future cash flows, especially in emerging and developing markets, may impact the determination of fair value. In the event the fair value of an investment declines below our cost basis, management is required to determine if the decline in fair value is other than temporary. If management determines the decline is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recorded. Management’s assessment as to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than our cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.
76
Equity Securities
The carrying values of our equity securities were included in the following line items in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
Fair Value with Changes Recognized in Income Measurement Alternative — No Readily Determinable Fair Value
December 31, 2025
Marketable securities $ 489 $ —
Other noncurrent assets 2,100 44
Total equity securities $ 2,589 $ 44
December 31, 2024
Marketable securities $ 418 $ —
Other noncurrent assets 1,616 40
Total equity securities $ 2,034 $ 40

The calculation of net unrealized gains and losses recognized during the year related to equity securities still held at the end of the year is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Net gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities $ 431 $ 323
Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities sold during the year 54 106
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities still held at the end of the year $ 377 $ 217

Debt Securities
Our debt securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Gross Unrealized Estimated Fair Value
Cost Gains Losses
December 31, 2025
Trading securities $ 49 $ 1 $ — $ 50
Available-for-sale securities 1,816 23 ( 65 ) 1,774
Total debt securities $ 1,865 $ 24 $ ( 65 ) $ 1,824
December 31, 2024
Trading securities $ 45 $ 1 $ ( 1 ) $ 45
Available-for-sale securities 1,728 21 ( 118 ) 1,631
Total debt securities $ 1,773 $ 22 $ ( 119 ) $ 1,676

The carrying values of our debt securities were included in the following line items in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Trading Securities Available-for-Sale Securities Trading Securities Available-for-Sale Securities
Marketable securities $ 50 $ 1,395 $ 45 $ 1,260
Other noncurrent assets — 379 — 371
Total debt securities $ 50 $ 1,774 $ 45 $ 1,631

77
The contractual maturities of these available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2025 were as follows (in millions):
Cost Estimated Fair Value
Within 1 year $ 417 $ 415
After 1 year through 5 years 1,182 1,147
After 5 years through 10 years 38 46
After 10 years 179 166
Total $ 1,816 $ 1,774

The Company expects that actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities above because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
The sale and/or maturity of available-for-sale debt securities resulted in the following realized activity (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Gross gains $ 4 $ 14 $ 3
Gross losses ( 6 ) ( 12 ) ( 10 )
Proceeds 657 709 361

Captive Insurance Companies
In accordance with local insurance regulations, our consolidated captive insurance companies are required to meet and maintain minimum solvency capital requirements. The Company elected to invest a majority of its solvency capital in a portfolio of marketable equity and debt securities. These securities are included in the disclosures above. The Company uses one of our consolidated captive insurance companies to reinsure group annuity insurance contracts that cover the obligations of certain of our European and Canadian pension plans. This captive’s solvency capital funds included total equity and debt securities of $
2,356
 million and $
1,883
 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which were classified in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets because the assets were not available to satisfy our current obligations.
NOTE 5:
HEDGING TRANSACTIONS AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is directly and indirectly affected by changes in certain market conditions. These changes in market conditions may adversely impact the Company’s financial performance and are referred to as “market risks.” When deemed appropriate, our Company uses derivatives as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. The primary market risks managed by the Company through the use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and interest rate risk.
The Company uses various types of derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, forward contracts, commodity futures contracts, option contracts, collars and swaps. Forward contracts and commodity futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a quantity of a currency or commodity at a predetermined future date and at a predetermined rate or price. An option contract is an agreement that conveys the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a quantity of a currency or commodity at a predetermined rate or price during a period or at a time in the future. A collar is a strategy that uses a combination of options to limit the range of possible positive or negative returns on an underlying asset or liability to a specific range, or to protect expected future cash flows. To do this, an investor simultaneously buys a put option and sells (writes) a call option, or alternatively buys a call option and sells (writes) a put option. A swap agreement is a contract between two parties to exchange cash flows based on specified underlying notional amounts, assets and/or indices. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Company may also designate certain non-derivative instruments, such as our foreign currency denominated third-party debt, in hedging relationships.
All derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet, primarily in the following line items, as applicable: prepaid expenses and other current assets; other noncurrent assets; accounts payable and accrued expenses; and other noncurrent liabilities. The carrying values of the derivatives reflect the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. These master netting agreements allow the Company to net settle positive and negative positions (assets and liabilities) arising from different transactions with the same counterparty.
The accounting for gains and losses that result from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments depends on whether the derivatives have been designated and qualify as hedging instruments and the type of hedging relationships. Derivatives can be designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. The changes in the fair
78
values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify for fair value hedge accounting are recorded in the same line item in our consolidated statement of income as the changes in the fair values of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged. The changes in the fair values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into the line item in our consolidated statement of income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures being hedged, fluctuations in the values of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The changes in the fair values of derivatives that were not designated and/or did not qualify as hedging instruments are immediately recognized in earnings.
For derivatives that will be accounted for as hedging instruments, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. In addition, the Company formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in hedging transactions are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the related underlying exposures.
The Company determines the fair values of its derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. Refer to Note 17. The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a direct measure of our exposure to the financial risks described above. The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity rates or other financial indices. The Company does not view the fair values of its derivatives in isolation but rather in relation to the fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged transactions or other exposures. Virtually all of our derivatives are straightforward over-the-counter instruments with liquid markets.
The following table presents the fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments that were designated and qualified as part of a hedging relationship (in millions):
Fair Value 1,2
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments Financial Statement Line Item Impacted 1 December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Assets:
Foreign currency contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 125 $ 311
Foreign currency contracts Other noncurrent assets 31 82
Commodity contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets — 2
Interest rate contracts Other noncurrent assets 142 27
Total assets $ 298 $ 422
Liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 205 $ 14
Foreign currency contracts Other noncurrent liabilities 28 39
Commodity contracts Accounts payable and accrued expenses 9 —
Interest rate contracts Accounts payable and accrued expenses 17 —
Interest rate contracts Other noncurrent liabilities 700 922
Total liabilities $ 959 $ 975

1
All of the Company’s derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets after considering the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. Current disclosure requirements mandate that derivatives must also be disclosed without reflecting the impact of master netting agreements and cash collateral. Refer to Note 17 for the net presentation of the Company’s derivative instruments.
2
Refer to Note 17 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
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The following table presents the fair values of the Company’s derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments (in millions):
Fair Value 1,2
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Financial Statement Line Item Impacted 1 December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Assets:
Foreign currency contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 115 $ 152
Foreign currency contracts Other noncurrent assets 18 8
Commodity contracts Prepaid expenses and other current assets 7 7
Commodity contracts Assets held for sale 3 —
Total assets $ 143 $ 167
Liabilities:
Foreign currency contracts Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 66 $ 86
Foreign currency contracts Other noncurrent liabilities 5 12
Foreign currency contracts Liabilities held for sale 5 —
Commodity contracts Accounts payable and accrued expenses 10 40
Commodity contracts Other noncurrent liabilities 1 —
Commodity contracts Liabilities held for sale 1 —
Other derivative instruments Accounts payable and accrued expenses 2 6
Total liabilities $ 90 $ 144

1
All of the Company’s derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets after considering the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. Current disclosure requirements mandate that derivatives must also be disclosed without reflecting the impact of master netting agreements and cash collateral. Refer to Note 17 for the net presentation of the Company’s derivative instruments.
2
Refer to Note 17 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
Credit Risk Associated with Derivatives
We have established strict counterparty credit guidelines and enter into transactions only with financial institutions of investment grade or better. We monitor counterparty exposures regularly and review any downgrade in credit rating immediately. If a downgrade in the credit rating of a counterparty were to occur, we have provisions requiring collateral for substantially all of our transactions. To mitigate presettlement risk, minimum credit standards become more stringent as the duration of the derivative financial instrument increases. In addition, the Company’s master netting agreements reduce credit risk by permitting the Company to net settle for transactions with the same counterparty. To minimize the concentration of credit risk, we enter into derivative transactions with a portfolio of financial institutions. Furthermore, for certain derivative financial instruments, the Company has agreements with counterparties that require collateral to be exchanged based on changes in the fair value of the instruments. The Company classifies collateral payments and receipts as investing cash flows when the collateral account is in an asset position and as financing cash flows when the collateral account is in a liability position. As a result of these factors, we consider the risk of counterparty default to be minimal.
Cash Flow Hedging Strategy
The Company uses cash flow hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices or interest rates. The changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into the line item in our consolidated statement of income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. The changes in fair values of hedges that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from AOCI into income. The maximum length of time for which the Company hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is typically
three years
.
The Company maintains a foreign currency cash flow hedging program to reduce the risk that our U.S. dollar net cash inflows from sales outside the United States and U.S. dollar net cash outflows from procurement activities will be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into forward contracts and purchase foreign currency options and collars (principally euro, British pound and Japanese yen) to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against the foreign currencies, the decline in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is partially offset by gains in the fair value of the derivative instruments. Conversely, when the U.S.
80
dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is partially offset by losses in the fair value of the derivative instruments. The total notional values of derivatives that were designated and qualified for the Company’s foreign currency cash flow hedging program were $
9,760
million and $
9,206
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The Company uses cross-currency swaps to hedge the changes in cash flows of certain of its foreign currency denominated debt and other monetary assets or liabilities due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. For this hedging program, the Company recognizes in earnings each period the changes in carrying values of these foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in exchange rates. The changes in fair values of the cross-currency swap derivatives are recorded in AOCI with an immediate reclassification into income for the changes in fair values attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The total notional value of derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges for the Company’s foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities was $
557
million as of both December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The Company has entered into commodity futures contracts and other derivative instruments on various commodities to mitigate the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in our manufacturing process. These derivative instruments were designated as part of the Company’s commodity cash flow hedging program. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with future purchases of certain commodities. The total notional values of derivatives that were designated and qualified for this program were $
53
million and $
58
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Our Company monitors our mix of short-term debt and long-term debt regularly. We manage our risk to interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. From time to time, the Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements and has designated these instruments as part of the Company’s interest rate cash flow hedging program. The objective of this hedging program is to mitigate the risk of adverse changes in benchmark interest rates on the Company’s future interest payments. The total notional value of derivatives that was designated and qualified for the Company’s interest rate cash flow hedging program was $
1,786
million as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any interest rate swaps designated as a cash flow hedge.
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The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on other comprehensive income (“OCI”), AOCI and income (in millions):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI Financial Statement Line Item Impacted Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income
2025
Foreign currency contracts $ ( 729 ) Net operating revenues $ ( 247 )
Foreign currency contracts ( 2 ) Cost of goods sold 7
Foreign currency contracts — Interest expense ( 4 )
Foreign currency contracts 28 Other income (loss) — net 70
Interest rate contracts 16 Interest expense ( 3 )
Commodity contracts ( 17 ) Cost of goods sold ( 6 )
Total $ ( 704 ) $ ( 183 )
2024
Foreign currency contracts $ 457 Net operating revenues $ 84
Foreign currency contracts 37 Cost of goods sold 16
Foreign currency contracts — Interest expense ( 4 )
Foreign currency contracts ( 18 ) Other income (loss) — net ( 45 )
Interest rate contracts ( 54 ) Interest expense ( 2 )
Commodity contracts 6 Cost of goods sold 1
Total $ 428 $ 50
2023
Foreign currency contracts $ ( 128 ) Net operating revenues $ ( 3 )
Foreign currency contracts 19 Cost of goods sold 14
Foreign currency contracts — Interest expense ( 4 )
Foreign currency contracts 35 Other income (loss) — net 17
Commodity contracts ( 15 ) Cost of goods sold ( 14 )
Total $ ( 89 ) $ 10

As of December 31, 2025, the Company estimates that it will reclassify into income during the next 12 months net losses of $
184
 million from the pretax amount recorded in AOCI as the anticipated cash flows occur.
Fair Value Hedging Strategy
The Company uses interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges to minimize exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt that result from fluctuations in benchmark interest rates. The Company also uses cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge the changes in the fair value of foreign currency denominated debt relating to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and benchmark interest rates. The changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the offsetting changes in the fair values of the hedged items are recognized in earnings. As a result, any difference is reflected in earnings as ineffectiveness. When a derivative is no longer designated as a fair value hedge for any reason, including termination and maturity, the remaining unamortized difference between the carrying value of the hedged item at that time and the face value of the hedged item is amortized to earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item, or immediately if the hedged item has matured or has been extinguished. The total notional values of derivatives that were designated and qualified as fair value hedges of this type were $
13,674
million and $
12,628
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
82
The following table summarizes the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges had on income (in millions):
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items Financial Statement Line Item Impacted Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
2025
Interest rate contracts Interest expense $ 303
Fixed-rate debt Interest expense ( 292 )
Net impact of fair value hedging instruments $ 11
2024
Interest rate contracts Interest expense $ 173
Fixed-rate debt Interest expense ( 170 )
Net impact of fair value hedging instruments $ 3
2023
Interest rate contracts Interest expense $ 609
Fixed-rate debt Interest expense ( 591 )
Net impact of fair value hedging instruments $ 18

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded in our consolidated balance sheets related to hedged items in fair value hedging relationships (in millions):
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments 1
Carrying Values of Hedged Items Included in the Carrying Values of Hedged Items Remaining for Which Hedge Accounting Has Been Discontinued
Balance Sheet Location of Hedged Items December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Current maturities of long-term debt $ 1,491 $ — $ ( 10 ) $ — $ — $ —
Long-term debt 11,648 11,824 ( 705 ) ( 915 ) 97 130

1
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments does not include changes due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
In June 2023, the Company amended the terms of its interest rate swap agreements to implement a forward-looking interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate in place of the London Interbank Offered Rate. Since the interest rate swap agreements were affected by reference rate reform, the Company applied the expedients and exceptions provided to preserve the past presentation of its derivatives without de-designating the existing hedging relationships. All amendments to interest rate swap agreements were executed with the existing counterparties and did not change the notional amounts, maturity dates or other critical terms of the hedging relationships.
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations Strategy
The Company uses forward contracts and a portion of its foreign currency denominated debt, a non-derivative financial instrument, to protect the value of our net investments in a number of foreign operations. In 2025, the Company changed its method for assessing the effectiveness of derivative financial instruments designated as net investment hedges to include only the changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency spot rates. The changes in the fair values of the effective portion of the derivative financial instruments are recognized in net foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of AOCI, to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. The initial value, and subsequent changes in fair value of the excluded component, are amortized into earnings over the life of the hedging instrument. For non-derivative financial instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations, the changes in the carrying values of the designated portions of the non-derivative financial instruments due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates are recorded in net foreign currency translation adjustments. Any ineffective portions of net investment hedges are reclassified from AOCI into income during the period of change.
83
The following table summarizes the notional values and pretax impact of changes in the fair values of instruments designated as net investment hedges (in millions):
Notional Values Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI
as of December 31, Year Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency contracts $ 1,067 $ 59 $ 8 $ 19 $ ( 6 )
Foreign currency denominated debt 14,998 13,221 ( 1,778 ) 825 ( 376 )
Total $ 16,065 $ 13,280 $ ( 1,770 ) $ 844 $ ( 382 )

The Company reclassified gains of $
3
million related to net investment hedges from AOCI into income during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company did not reclassify any gains or losses related to net investment hedges from AOCI into income during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2023. In addition, the Company did not have any ineffectiveness related to net investment hedges during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The cash inflows and outflows associated with the Company’s derivative contracts designated as net investment hedges are classified in the line item other investing activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows.
Economic (Non-Designated) Hedging Strategy
In addition to derivative instruments that have been designated and qualify for hedge accounting, the Company also uses certain derivatives as economic hedges of foreign currency, interest rate and commodity exposure. Although these derivatives were not designated and/or did not qualify for hedge accounting, they are effective economic hedges. The changes in the fair values of economic hedges are immediately recognized in earnings.
The Company uses foreign currency economic hedges to offset the earnings impact that fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have on certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies. The changes in the fair values of economic hedges used to offset those monetary assets and liabilities are immediately recognized in earnings in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income. In addition, we use foreign currency economic hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including those related to certain acquisition and divestiture activities. The changes in the fair values of economic hedges used to offset the variability in U.S. dollar net cash flows are immediately recognized in earnings in the line items net operating revenues, cost of goods sold or other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income, as applicable. The total notional values of derivatives related to our foreign currency economic hedges were $
9,744
million and $
8,620
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The Company uses interest rate contracts as economic hedges to minimize exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt that result from fluctuations in benchmark interest rates. There were no interest rate contracts used as economic hedges as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Company also uses certain derivatives as economic hedges to mitigate the price risk associated with the purchase of materials used in the manufacturing process and vehicle fuel. The changes in the fair values of these economic hedges are immediately recognized in earnings in the line items net operating revenues, cost of goods sold, or selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income, as applicable. The total notional values of derivatives related to our economic hedges of this type were $
482
 million and $
328
 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments had on income (in millions):
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Financial Statement Line Item Impacted Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
Year Ended December 31,
2025 2024 2023
Foreign currency contracts Net operating revenues $ ( 204 ) $ 211 $ ( 74 )
Foreign currency contracts Cost of goods sold 123 ( 44 ) 66
Foreign currency contracts Other income (loss) — net 192 ( 107 ) ( 10 )
Commodity contracts Cost of goods sold ( 13 ) ( 97 ) ( 137 )
Other derivative instruments Selling, general and administrative expenses 23 17 5
Total $ 121 $ ( 20 ) $ ( 150 )

84
NOTE 6:
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS
Our consolidated net income includes our Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of our equity method investees. When we record our proportionate share of net income, it increases equity income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income and our carrying value of that investment. Conversely, when we record our proportionate share of a net loss, it decreases equity income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income and our carrying value of that investment. The Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of our equity method investees includes our proportionate share of significant operating and nonoperating items recorded by our equity method investees. These items can have a significant impact on the amount of equity income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income and our carrying value of those investments. Refer to Note 18 for additional information related to significant operating and nonoperating items recorded by our equity method investees. The carrying values of our equity method investments are also impacted by our proportionate share of items impacting the equity method investees’ AOCI.
We eliminate from our financial results all significant intercompany transactions to the extent of our ownership interest, including the intercompany portion of transactions with equity method investees.
The Company’s equity method investments include, but are not limited to, our ownership interests in CCEP; Monster; AC Bebidas, S. de R.L. de C.V.; Coca-Cola FEMSA; CCHBC; and Coca-Cola Bottlers Japan Holdings Inc. As of December 31, 2025, we owned
18
%,
21
%,
20
%,
28
%,
22
% and
24
%, respectively, of these companies’ outstanding shares. As of December 31, 2025, our investments in our equity method investees in the aggregate exceeded our proportionate share of the net assets of these equity method investees by $
8,744
 million. This difference is not amortized.
A summary of financial information for our equity method investees in the aggregate is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 1 2025 2024 2023
Net operating revenues $ 102,800 $ 99,043 $ 93,862
Cost of goods sold 60,622 58,527 55,780
Gross profit $ 42,178 $ 40,516 $ 38,082
Operating income $ 13,426 $ 12,536 $ 11,868
Consolidated net income $ 9,355 $ 8,439 $ 7,657
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 153 98 75
Net income attributable to common shareowners $ 9,202 $ 8,341 $ 7,582
Company equity income (loss) — net $ 2,031 $ 1,770 $ 1,691

1
The financial information represents the results of the equity method investees during the Company’s period of ownership.
December 31, 2025 2024
Current assets $ 35,272 $ 33,720
Noncurrent assets 79,826 72,039
Total assets $ 115,098 $ 105,759
Current liabilities $ 29,933 $ 26,959
Noncurrent liabilities 34,406 33,004
Total liabilities $ 64,339 $ 59,963
Equity attributable to shareowners of investees $ 48,967 $ 44,295
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,792 1,501
Total equity $ 50,759 $ 45,796
Company equity method investments $ 20,235 $ 18,087

Net sales to equity method investees, the majority of which are located outside the United States, were $
19,044
 million, $
18,278
 million and $
17,736
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total payments, primarily related to marketing, made to equity method investees were $
271
million, $
331
million and $
294
 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, purchases of beverage products from equity method investees were $
648
 million, $
635
 million and $
579
 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
85
The following table presents the difference between calculated fair value, based on quoted closing prices of publicly traded shares, and our Company’s carrying value in investments in publicly traded companies accounted for under the equity method (in millions):
December 31, 2025 Fair Value Carrying Value Difference
Monster Beverage Corporation $ 15,659 $ 5,593 $ 10,066
Coca-Cola Europacific Partners plc 7,163 3,926 3,237
Coca-Cola FEMSA, S.A.B. de C.V. 5,543 2,236 3,307
Coca-Cola HBC AG 4,051 1,391 2,660
Coca-Cola Bottlers Japan Holdings Inc. 822 459 363
Coca-Cola İçecek A.Ş. 770 288 482
Embotelladora Andina S.A. 278 106 172
Total $ 34,286 $ 13,999 $ 20,287

Net Receivables and Dividends from Equity Method Investees
Total net receivables due from equity method investees were $
1,413
million and $
1,357
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The total amount of dividends received from equity method investees was $
993
million, $
968
million and $
672
 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amount of consolidated reinvested earnings that represents undistributed earnings of investments accounted for under the equity method as of December 31, 2025 was $
9,067
million.
NOTE 7:
GOODWILL
The following table provides information related to the carrying value of our goodwill by operating segment (in millions):
EMEA Latin America North America Asia Pacific Bottling Investments Total
2024
Balance at beginning of year $ 3,647 $ 226 $ 10,978 $ 417 $ 3,090 $ 18,358
Effect of foreign currency translation ( 107 ) ( 11 ) — ( 10 ) ( 84 ) ( 212 )
Impairment charges — — — — ( 6 ) ( 6 )
Divestitures — — — — ( 1 ) ( 1 )
Balance at end of year $ 3,540 $ 215 $ 10,978 $ 407 $ 2,999 $ 18,139
2025
Balance at beginning of year $ 3,540 $ 215 $ 10,978 $ 407 $ 2,999 $ 18,139
Effect of foreign currency translation 311 12 — 2 396 721
Divestitures and assets held for sale 1 ( 8 ) — — — ( 3,361 ) ( 3,369 )
Balance at end of year $ 3,843 $ 227 $ 10,978 $ 409 $ 34 $ 15,491

1
The decrease in the Bottling Investments segment was a result of the Company’s bottling operations in Africa being classified as held for sale. Refer to Note 2.
NOTE 8:
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Accounts payable $ 5,649 $ 5,468
Accrued marketing expenses 2,925 3,092
Accrued compensation 1,506 1,391
Contingent consideration liability 1 — 6,126
Other accrued expenses 4,733 5,635
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 14,813 $ 21,712

1
Represents the fairlife contingent consideration liability. Refer to Note 17.
86
NOTE 9:
SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE PROGRAM
Our current payment terms with the majority of our suppliers are 120 days. Certain financial institutions offer a voluntary SCF program, which enables our suppliers, at their sole discretion, to sell their receivables from the Company to these financial institutions on a non-recourse basis at a rate that leverages our credit rating and thus may be more beneficial to them. The SCF program is available to suppliers of goods and services included in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The Company and our suppliers agree on contractual terms for the goods and services we procure, including prices, quantities and payment terms, regardless of whether the supplier elects to participate in the SCF program. The suppliers sell goods or services, as applicable, to the Company and issue the associated invoices to the Company based on the agreed-upon contractual terms. Then, if they are participating in the SCF program, our suppliers sell their invoices to the financial institutions. Our suppliers’ voluntary participation in the SCF program has no bearing on our payment terms. No guarantees are provided by the Company or any of our subsidiaries under the SCF program. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate in the SCF program, and we have no direct financial relationship with the financial institutions, as it relates to the SCF program. Accordingly, amounts due to our suppliers that elected to participate in the SCF program are included in the line items
accounts payable and accrued expenses
and liabilities held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet, as applicable. All activity related to amounts due to suppliers that elected to participate in the SCF program is reflected within the operating activities section of our consolidated statement of cash flows.
The summary of the Company’s outstanding obligations confirmed as valid under the SCF program is as follows (in millions):
2025 2024
Confirmed obligations outstanding at beginning of year $ 1,330 $ 1,421
Invoices confirmed 5,019 5,105
Confirmed invoices paid ( 4,974 ) ( 5,196 )
Translation and other ( 12 ) —
Confirmed obligations outstanding at end of year $ 1,363 1 $ 1,330

1
Includes

$
37
million
of
confirmed obligations outstanding at end of year related to our bottling operations in Africa that are currently held for sale. Refer to Note 2.

NOTE 10:
LEASES

We have operating leases primarily for real estate, manufacturing and other equipment, aircraft and vehicles.
Balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Operating lease ROU assets 1 $ 1,697 $ 1,182
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 2 $ 321 $ 290
Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities 3 1,401 923
Total operating lease liabilities $ 1,722 $ 1,213

1
Operating lease ROU assets are included in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
2
The current portion of operating lease liabilities is included in the line item accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets.
3
The noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities is included in the line item other noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
We had operating lease costs of $
405
million, $
362
million and $
397
million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During 2025, 2024 and 2023, cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $
404
 million, $
359
million and $
389
million, respectively. Operating lease ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations were $
867
 million, $
313
 million and $
328
million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Information associated with the measurement of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 is as follows:
Weighted-average remaining lease term 9 years
Weighted-average discount rate 3.9 %

Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to
44
years, inclusive of renewal or termination options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.
87
The following table summarizes the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2025 (in millions):
Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities
2026 $ 381
2027 317
2028 259
2029 213
2030 170
Thereafter 679
Total operating lease payments 2,019
Less: Imputed interest 297
Total operating lease liabilities $ 1,722

NOTE 11:
DEBT AND BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS
Loans and Notes Payable
Loans and notes payable consist primarily of commercial paper issued in the United States. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $
1,495
million and $
1,139
million, respectively, in outstanding commercial paper borrowings. Our weighted-average interest rates for commercial paper outstanding were
3.9
% and
5.0
% as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company also had $
56
million and $
360
million, respectively, in lines of credit, short-term credit facilities and other short-term borrowings.
In addition, we had $
7,227
million in unused lines of credit and other short-term credit facilities as of December 31, 2025, of which $
6,150
million was in corporate backup lines of credit for general purposes. These backup lines of credit expire at various times through 2030. There were no borrowings under these corporate backup lines of credit during 2025. These credit facilities are subject to normal banking terms and conditions. Some of the financial arrangements require compensating balances, none of which was significant to our Company.
88
Long-Term Debt
The Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following (in millions except average rate data):
December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amount Average Rate 1 Amount Average Rate 1
Fixed interest rate long-term debt:
U.S. dollar notes due 2027-2093 $ 26,945 3.6 % $ 26,931 3.1 %
U.S. dollar debentures due 2026-2098 767 4.8 778 4.8
Euro notes due 2026-2053 15,470 2.4 13,619 3.1
Swiss franc notes due 2028 726 5.1 635 6.7
Other, due through 2098 2 651 4.9 1,845 7.1
Fair value adjustments 3 ( 618 ) N/A ( 785 ) N/A
Total 4,5 43,941 3.3 % 43,023 3.4 %
Less: Current portion 1,822 648
Long-term debt $ 42,119 $ 42,375

1
Rates represent the weighted-average effective interest rate on the balances outstanding as of year end, as adjusted for the effective amount of interest rate swap agreements and cross-currency swap agreements, if applicable. Refer to Note 5 for a more detailed discussion on interest rate management.
2
As of December 31, 2024, the amount includes $
1,249
million of debt instruments related to our bottling operations in Africa. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s bottling operations in Africa met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. As a result, the related debt balance as of December 31, 2025 was recorded in the line item liabilities held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 2.
3
Amounts represent the changes in fair values due to changes in benchmark interest rates. Refer to Note 5 for additional information about our fair value hedging strategy.
4
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value of our long-term debt, including the current portion, was $
39,385
million and $
38,052
 million, respectively.
5
The above notes and debentures include various restrictions, none of which was significant to our Company.
Total interest paid was $
1,724
million, $
1,669
million and $
1,415
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
During 2024, the Company extinguished prior to maturity long-term debt of $
485
million, resulting in a gain of $
22
million recorded in the line item interest expense in our consolidated statement of income.
The following table summarizes the maturities of long-term debt for the five years succeeding December 31, 2025 (in millions):
Maturities of Long-Term Debt
2026 $ 1,822
2027 4,817
2028 2,923
2029 2,955
2030 3,411

NOTE 12:
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Guarantees
As of December 31, 2025, we were contingently liable for guarantees of indebtedness owed by third parties of $
786
million, of which $
61
million was related to VIEs. Refer to Note 1 for additional information related to the Company’s maximum exposure to loss due to our involvement with VIEs. Our guarantees are primarily related to third-party customers, bottlers and vendors and have arisen through the normal course of business. These guarantees have various terms, and none of these guarantees is individually significant. These amounts represent the maximum potential future payments that we could be required to make under the guarantees. However, management has concluded that the likelihood of any significant amounts being paid by our Company under these guarantees is remote.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
We believe our exposure to concentrations of credit risk is limited due to the diverse geographic areas covered by our operations.
89
Legal Contingencies
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings. We establish reserves for specific legal proceedings when we determine that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where we believe an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and/or for which no estimate of possible losses can be made. Management believes that the total liabilities of the Company that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings (excluding tax audit claims) will not have a material adverse effect on the Company taken as a whole.
Indemnifications
At the time we acquire or divest an ownership interest in an entity, we sometimes agree to indemnify the seller or buyer for specific contingent liabilities. Management believes that any liability to the Company that may arise as a result of any such indemnification agreements will not have a material adverse effect on the Company taken as a whole.
Tax Audits
The Company is involved in various tax matters, with respect to some of which the outcome is uncertain. These uncertain tax matters may result in the assessment of additional taxes. Refer to Note 15.
On September 17, 2015, the Company received a Notice from the IRS seeking approximately $
3.3
billion of additional federal income tax for years 2007 through 2009. In the Notice, the IRS stated its intent to reallocate over $
9
 billion of income to the U.S. parent company from certain of its foreign affiliates that the U.S. parent company licensed to manufacture, distribute, sell, market and promote its products in certain non-U.S. markets.
The Notice concerned the Company’s transfer pricing between its U.S. parent company and certain of its foreign affiliates. IRS rules governing transfer pricing require arm’s-length pricing of transactions between related parties such as the Company’s U.S. parent and its foreign affiliates.
To resolve the same transfer pricing issue for the tax years 1987 through 1995, the Company and the IRS had agreed in 1996 on an arm’s-length methodology for determining the amount of U.S. taxable income that the U.S. parent company would report as compensation from its foreign licensees. The Company and the IRS memorialized this accord in the Closing Agreement resolving that dispute. The Closing Agreement provided that, absent a change in material facts or circumstances or relevant federal tax law, in calculating the Company’s income taxes going forward, the Company would not be assessed penalties by the IRS for using the agreed-upon tax calculation methodology that the Company and the IRS agreed would be used for the 1987 through 1995 tax years.
The IRS audited and confirmed the Company’s compliance with the agreed-upon Closing Agreement methodology in five successive audit cycles for tax years 1996 through 2006.
The September 17, 2015 Notice from the IRS retroactively rejected the previously agreed-upon methodology for the 2007 through 2009 tax years in favor of an entirely different methodology, without prior notice to the Company. Using the new tax calculation methodology, the IRS reallocated over $
9
billion of income to the U.S. parent company from its foreign licensees for tax years 2007 through 2009. Consistent with the Closing Agreement, the IRS did not assert penalties, and it has yet to do so.
The IRS designated the Company’s matter for litigation on October 15, 2015. Litigation designation is an IRS determination that forecloses to a company any and all alternative means for resolution of a tax dispute. As a result of the IRS’ designation of the Company’s matter for litigation, the Company was forced to either accept the IRS’ newly imposed tax assessment and pay the full amount of the asserted tax or litigate the matter in the federal courts. The matter remains subject to the IRS’ litigation designation, preventing the Company from any attempt to settle or otherwise mutually resolve the matter with the IRS.
The Company consequently initiated litigation by filing a petition in the Tax Court in December 2015, challenging the tax adjustments enumerated in the Notice.
Prior to trial, the IRS increased its transfer pricing adjustment by $
385
 million, resulting in an additional tax adjustment of $
135
 million. The Company obtained a summary judgment in its favor on a different matter related to Mexican foreign tax credits, which thereafter effectively reduced the IRS’ potential tax adjustment by $
138
 million.
The trial was held in the Tax Court from March through May 2018, and final post-trial briefs were filed and exchanged in April 2019.
90
On November 18, 2020, the Tax Court issued the Opinion in which it predominantly sided with the IRS but agreed with the Company that dividends previously paid by the foreign licensees to the U.S. parent company in reliance upon the Closing Agreement should continue to be allowed to offset royalties, including those that would become payable to the Company in accordance with the Opinion. On November 8, 2023, the Tax Court issued a supplemental opinion, siding with the IRS in concluding both that certain U.S. tax regulations (known as the blocked-income regulations) that address the effect of certain Brazilian legal restrictions on royalty payments by the Company’s licensee in Brazil apply to the Company’s operations and that the Tax Court opinion in the
3M
case

controlled as to the validity of those regulations. On October 1, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the judgment of the Tax Court in the
3M
case.

In its decision, the court concluded that the blocked-income regulation was inconsistent with IRC Section 482 and that the IRS therefore could not reallocate income from 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to 3M in contravention of Brazilian restrictions on the payment of royalties. Further, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit specifically rejected the IRS’ argument that the ability of 3M’s subsidiary in Brazil to pay dividends, rather than royalties, meant that royalty income should not be treated as blocked. Both of these conclusions are highly supportive of the Company’s position in its case and reinforce its prior conclusions.
The Company believes that the IRS and the Tax Court misinterpreted and misapplied the applicable regulations in reallocating income earned by the Company’s foreign licensees to increase the Company’s U.S. tax. Moreover, the Company believes that the retroactive imposition of such tax liability using a calculation methodology different from that previously agreed upon by the IRS and the Company, and audited by the IRS for over a decade, is unconstitutional. The Company intends to assert its claims on appeal and vigorously defend its positions. In addition, for its litigation with the IRS and for purposes of its appeal of the Tax Court decision, the Company continues to evaluate the implications of several significant administrative law cases recently decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, most notably
Loper Bright v. Raimondo
, which overruled the
Chevron
case. Since 1984, the
Chevron
case had required that courts defer to agency interpretations of statutes and agency action. In
Ohio v. EPA
and
Garland v. Cargill
, two of the recent decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court demonstrated how courts are to rule on agency interpretations and actions without the deference previously required by the
Chevron
case.
On August 2, 2024, the Tax Court entered a decision reflecting additional federal income tax of $
2.7
billion for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. With applicable interest, the total liability for the 2007 through 2009 tax years resulting from the Tax Court’s decision is $
6.0
billion, for which the IRS issued the Company invoices on September 3, 2024. The Company paid the IRS Tax Litigation Deposit on September 10, 2024, which stopped interest from accruing on the additional tax due for the 2007 through 2009 tax years. That amount, plus interest earned, would be refunded in full or in part if the Company’s tax positions are ultimately sustained on appeal. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded net interest income of $
217
 million and $
77
 million, respectively, related to this tax payment in the line item income taxes in our consolidated statements of income, in accordance with our accounting policy. The payment of the IRS invoices and the related accrued interest were recorded in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. On October 22, 2024, the Company appealed the Tax Court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Company filed its principal appellate brief with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on March 12, 2025. The IRS filed its appellate brief on July 7, 2025. The Company filed its reply brief on August 27, 2025.
In determining the amount of tax reserve to be recorded as of December 31, 2020, the Company completed the required two-step evaluation process prescribed by Accounting Standards Codification 740,
Accounting for Income Taxes
. In doing so, we consulted with outside advisors, and we reviewed and considered relevant laws, rules, and regulations, including, but not limited to, the Opinions and relevant caselaw. We also considered our intention to vigorously defend our positions and assert our various well-founded legal claims via every available avenue of appeal. We concluded, based on the technical and legal merits of the Company’s tax positions, that it is more likely than not the Company’s tax positions will ultimately be sustained on appeal. In addition, we considered a number of alternative transfer pricing methodologies, including the Tax Court Methodology, that could be applied by the courts upon final resolution of the litigation. Based on the required probability analysis, we determined the methodologies we believe the federal courts could ultimately order to be used in calculating the Company’s tax. As a result of this analysis, we recorded a tax reserve of $
438
 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to the application of the resulting methodologies as well as the different tax treatment applicable to dividends originally paid to the U.S. parent company by its foreign licensees, in reliance upon the Closing Agreement, that would be recharacterized as royalties in accordance with the Opinions and the Company’s analysis.
The Company’s conclusion that it is more likely than not the Company’s tax positions will ultimately be sustained on appeal is unchanged as of December 31, 2025. However, based on the required probability analysis and the accrual of interest through the current reporting period, we updated our tax reserve as of December 31, 2025 to $
512
 million.
While the Company strongly disagrees with the IRS’ positions and the portions of the Opinions affirming such positions, it is possible that some portion or all of the adjustments proposed by the IRS and sustained by the Tax Court could ultimately be upheld. In that event, the Company would not receive a refund of the applicable portion or all of the $
6.0
billion it paid in
91
response to the IRS invoices issued in September 2024 and the related accrued interest receivable of $
385
 million as of December 31, 2025. Additionally, the Company would likely be subject to significant additional liabilities for subsequent years, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company calculated the potential impact of applying the Tax Court Methodology to reallocate income from foreign licensees potentially covered within the scope of the Opinions for the 2010 through 2025 tax years, assuming such methodology were to be ultimately upheld by the courts, and the IRS were to decide to apply that methodology to subsequent years, with consent of the federal courts. This impact would include taxes and interest accrued through December 31, 2025. The calculations incorporated the estimated impact of correlative adjustments to the previously accrued transition tax payable under the Tax Reform Act. The Company estimates that the potential aggregate remaining incremental tax and interest liability for the tax years 2010 through 2025 could be approximately $
14
billion as of December 31, 2025. Additional income tax and interest on any unpaid potential liabilities for the 2010 through 2025 tax years would continue to accrue until the time any such potential liability, or portion thereof, were to be paid. We currently project the continued application of the Tax Court Methodology in 2026, assuming similar facts and circumstances as of December 31, 2025, would result in an incremental annual tax liability that would increase the Company’s effective tax rate by approximately
3.5
%.
Risk Management Programs
The Company has numerous global insurance programs in place to help protect the Company from the risk of loss. In general, we are self-insured for large portions of many different types of claims; however, we do use commercial insurance above our self-insured retentions to reduce the Company’s risk of catastrophic loss. Our reserves for the Company’s self-insured losses are estimated using actuarial methods and assumptions of the insurance industry, adjusted for our specific expectations based on our claims history. Our self-insurance reserves totaled $
155
million and $
168
million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
NOTE 13:
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
Our Company grants long-term equity awards under its stock-based compensation plans to certain employees of the Company. Effective May 1, 2024, shareowners approved The Coca-Cola Company 2024 Equity Plan (“2024 Plan”). The 2024 Plan allows for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance share units, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other equity compensation awards. Under the 2024 Plan, up to
240
million shares of our common stock may be issued through the grant of equity awards. In addition to the shares under the 2024 Plan, certain shares of our common stock subject to certain outstanding awards under predecessor stock plans that expire, are canceled, or are forfeited, are available for issuance. As of December 31, 2025, there were
230
 million shares available to be granted under the 2024 Plan.
Effective May 1, 2024, shareowners approved the Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“GESPP”). The GESPP provides for grants of matching share awards. Under the GESPP, up to
15
 million shares of our common stock may be issued through the grant of matching share awards. As of December 31, 2025, there were
14
 million shares available to be issued under the GESPP.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $
279
million, $
286
million and $
251
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense in 2025 and 2024 was recorded in the line item selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income. In 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $
254
million in the line item selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. This was partially offset by $
3
million related to the revision of management’s estimates arising from the settlement of the estimated cash payments recognized in 2022, which was recorded in the line item other operating charges in our consolidated statement of income. The total income tax benefit recognized in our consolidated statements of income related to total stock-based compensation expense was $
47
million, $
47
 million and $
40
 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $
236
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock-based compensation awards granted under our plans, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of
1.7
years as stock‑based compensation expense. This expected cost does not include the impact of any future stock-based compensation awards.
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Stock Option Awards
Stock option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the average of the high and low market prices per share of the Company’s stock on the grant date. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which is generally
four years
.
The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, and the weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model for such grants were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Fair value of stock options on grant date $ 11.97 $ 10.28 $ 9.84
Dividend yield 1 3.1 % 3.2 % 3.0 %
Expected volatility 2 17.0 % 17.0 % 17.5 %
Risk-free interest rate 3 4.2 % 4.3 % 4.1 %
Expected term of stock options 4 7 years 6 years 6 years

1
The dividend yield is the calculated yield on the closing market price per share of the Company’s stock on the grant date.
2
The expected volatility is based on implied volatilities from traded options on the Company’s stock, historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors.
3
The risk-free interest rate for the period matching the expected term of the stock options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the grant date.
4
The expected term of the stock options represents the period of time that stock options are expected to be outstanding and is derived by analyzing historical exercise behavior.
Stock option awards generally expire
10
years after the grant date. The shares of common stock to be issued and/or sold upon the exercise of stock options are made available from either authorized and unissued common stock or from treasury shares. Since 2007, the Company has issued common stock under its stock-based compensation plans from treasury shares.
Stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2025 was as follows:
Shares (In millions) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In millions)
Outstanding on January 1, 2025 31 $ 52.81
Granted 3 70.98
Exercised ( 7 ) 47.87
Outstanding on December 31, 2025 27 $ 55.74 5.3 years $ 377
Vested and expected to vest 26 $ 55.62 5.3 years $ 375
Exercisable on December 31, 2025 20 $ 52.69 4.4 years $ 336

The total intrinsic value of the stock options exercised was $
144
million, $
356
million and $
268
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total number of stock options exercised was
7
million,
18
million and
14
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Performance-Based Share Unit Awards
Performance share unit awards require achievement of certain performance criteria over a performance period of three years, which are predefined by the Talent and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors at the time of grant. Performance share unit awards will generally vest at the end of the respective performance period. Performance share unit awards do not entitle participants to vote or receive dividends until the performance share units are settled in stock. For performance share unit awards granted from 2020 through 2022, the performance criteria were equally weighted among net operating revenues, earnings per share and free cash flow. For performance share unit awards granted to executives in 2022, and for performance share unit awards granted to all participants in 2023 and 2024, the performance criteria were weighted 30% for net operating revenues, 30% for earnings per share, 30% for free cash flow and 10% for environmental sustainability. For performance share unit awards granted to all participants in 2025, the performance criteria were equally weighted among net operating revenues, earnings per share and free cash flow. For purposes of these performance criteria, earnings per share is diluted net income per share; free cash flow is net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, plant and equipment; and environmental sustainability is composed of predefined goals related to the Company’s packaging and water security strategies in place at the time of grant. These performance criteria are adjusted for certain items, if applicable, which are subject to Audit Committee approval. The purpose of these adjustments is to ensure a consistent year-to-year comparison of the specific
93
performance criteria. Performance share unit awards granted to executives in 2020 through 2022 and performance share unit awards granted to all participants in 2023
through 2025
include a relative TSR modifier to determine the final number of performance share units earned. For these awards, the number of performance share units earned based on the certified achievement of the predefined performance criteria will be reduced or increased if the Company’s total shareowner return over the performance period relative to a predefined group of companies falls outside of a predefined range.
The fair value of performance share units is the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the vesting period. The fair value of performance share units that include a TSR modifier is determined based on a Monte Carlo valuation model for the TSR modifier component, which also takes into account the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the vesting period.
For performance share unit awards, in the event the certified results equal the predefined performance criteria, the number of performance share units earned will be equal to the target award. In the event the certified results exceed the predefined performance criteria, additional performance share units up to the maximum award will be earned. In the event the certified results fall below the predefined performance criteria but are at or above the minimum threshold, a reduced number of performance share units will be earned. If the certified results fall below the minimum threshold, no performance share units will be earned.
In the reporting period it becomes probable that the minimum performance threshold specified in the performance share unit award will be achieved, we recognize compensation expense for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the performance share units related to the vesting period that has already lapsed for the performance share units expected to vest. The remaining fair value of the performance share units expected to vest is expensed on a straight-line basis over the remainder of the vesting period. In the event the Company determines it is no longer probable that the minimum performance threshold specified in the award will be achieved, we reverse all previously recognized compensation expense in the reporting period such a determination is made.
Performance share units earned are generally settled in stock, ex
cept for certain circumstances such as death or disability, in which case beneficiaries or employees are provided cash payments. As of December 31, 2025, nonvested performance share units of approximately
1,245,000
and
1,376,000
were outstanding for the 2024-2026 and 2025-2027 performance periods, respectively, based on the target award amounts.
The following table summarizes information about outstanding nonvested performance share units based on the target award levels:
Performance Share Units (In thousands) Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested on January 1, 2025 2,539 $ 56.91
Granted 1,413 72.35
Vested 1 ( 1,167 ) 56.63
Forfeited ( 165 ) 60.46
Nonvested on December 31, 2025 2 2,620 $ 65.13

1
Represents the target level of performance share units vested as of December 31, 2025 for the 2023-2025 performance period. Upon certification in February 2026 of the financial results for the performance period, the final number of shares earned will be determined and released.
2
The outstanding nonvested performance share units as of December 31, 2025 at the threshold award and maximum award levels were approximately
996,000
and
6,551,000
, respectively.
The weighted-average grant date fair value of performance share unit awards granted in 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $
72.35
, $
57.16
and $
56.63
, respectively.
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The following table summarizes information about vested performance share units based on the certified award level:
2022-2024 Annual Award
Performance Share Units (In thousands) Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Certified 2,851 $ 60.08
Released during 2025 ( 2,840 ) 60.08
Forfeited during 2025 ( 11 ) 60.08

The total intrinsic value of performance share units that were released was $
199
million, $
214
million and $
244
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Time-Based Restricted Stock, Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Awards and Matching Share Awards
Restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards generally vest over three years. Matching share awards vest over one year. Restricted stock, restricted stock unit awards and matching share awards do not entitle recipients to vote or receive dividends during the vesting period and will be forfeited in the event of the recipient’s termination of employment, except for certain circumstances such as death or disability. The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock units and matching share awards is the closing market price per share of the Company’s stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the vesting period. The fair value of the restricted stock, restricted stock units and matching share awards expected to vest and be released is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
The following table summarizes information about outstanding nonvested restricted stock, restricted stock units and matching share awards:
Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Matching Share Awards (In thousands) Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested on January 1, 2025 4,210 $ 55.75
Granted 1,988 65.34
Vested and released ( 1,297 ) 57.72
Forfeited ( 365 ) 57.62
Nonvested on December 31, 2025 4,536 $ 59.24

NOTE 14:
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Our Company sponsors a qualified pension plan covering substantially all U.S. employees as well as unfunded nonqualified pension plans covering certain U.S. employees. Our Company also sponsors postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans covering certain U.S. employees. In addition, our Company and its subsidiaries have various pension plans and other forms of postretirement benefit arrangements outside the United States.
As of December 31, 2025, the U.S. qualified pension plan represented
63
% and
60
% of the Company’s consolidated projected benefit obligation and pension plan assets, respectively.
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Obligations and Funded Status
The following table sets forth the changes in the benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans (in millions):
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Benefit obligation at beginning of year 1 $ 6,045 $ 6,544 $ 185 $ 297
Service cost 103 105 3 3
Interest cost 300 306 11 17
Participant contributions 6 6 16 18
Foreign currency exchange rate changes 117 ( 124 ) 3 ( 3 )
Amendments 14 ( 2 ) — —
Net actuarial loss (gain) 106 2 ( 213 ) 2 — 11
Benefits paid ( 473 ) ( 478 ) ( 38 ) ( 65 )
Divestitures ( 1 ) ( 78 ) — ( 1 )
Settlements ( 13 ) ( 22 ) ( 1 ) ( 92 ) 3
Curtailments ( 3 ) 4 ( 1 ) — —
Special termination benefits 27 4 1 — —
Other — 1 — —
Benefit obligation at end of year 1 $ 6,228 $ 6,045 $ 179 $ 185
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 6,435 $ 7,260 $ 69 $ 176
Actual return on plan assets 591 345 9 6
Employer contributions 29 31 — —
Participant contributions 6 6 — 12
Foreign currency exchange rate changes 206 ( 203 ) — —
Transfers ( 332 ) 5 ( 523 ) 5 — —
Benefits paid ( 400 ) ( 410 ) ( 14 ) ( 33 )
Divestitures — ( 62 ) — —
Settlements ( 12 ) ( 9 ) — ( 92 ) 3
Other — — 3 —
Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 6,523 $ 6,435 $ 67 $ 69
Net asset (liability) recognized $ 295 $ 390 $ ( 112 ) $ ( 116 )

1
For pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation. For other postretirement benefit plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. The accumulated benefit obligation for our pension plans was $
6,187
million and $
6,008
 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
2
A change in the weighted-average discount rate assumption was the primary driver of net actuarial loss (gain) during 2025 and 2024. For our U.S. qualified pension plan, a decrease in the discount rate resulted in an actuarial loss of $
112
 million during 2025, and an increase in the discount rate resulted in an actuarial gain of $
178
 million during 2024. Additional drivers of net actuarial loss (gain) included other assumption updates and plan experience.
3
In 2024, the Company settled its U.S. other postretirement benefit obligations such that core life insurance benefits will be funded by an insurance company beginning September 11, 2024 for the lifetime of certain retirees. The transaction resulted in no change to underlying benefits or plan administration, only a change to the future financing of the benefits. Pursuant to the settlement, the Company transferred $
92
 million of plan assets and liabilities to an insurer and recognized a $
19
million net settlement gain related to the acceleration of existing unrecognized gains.
4
The curtailment loss and special termination benefits were primarily related to the benefit uplifts provided by the Company to active participants pursuant to the group annuity purchase (“buy-in”) for a non-U.S. defined benefit plan. The Company intends to convert the buy-in to a buy-out in the future, at which time the insurer would assume full responsibility for the plan obligations.
5
Transfers represent $
332
million and $
523
million

of surplus international plan assets transferred from pension trusts to general assets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Pension and other postretirement benefit plan amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets were as follows (in millions):
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Other noncurrent assets $ 1,046 $ 1,219 $ — $ —
Accounts payable and accrued expenses ( 70 ) ( 68 ) ( 8 ) ( 6 )
Other noncurrent liabilities ( 681 ) ( 761 ) ( 104 ) ( 110 )
Net asset (liability) recognized $ 295 $ 390 $ ( 112 ) $ ( 116 )

Certain of our pension plans have a projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets. For these plans, the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Projected benefit obligation $ 4,829 $ 4,902
Fair value of plan assets 4,078 4,072

Certain of our pension plans have an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets. For these plans, the accumulated benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets were as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 4,770 $ 4,882
Fair value of plan assets 4,045 4,072

All of our other postretirement benefit plans have an accumulated postretirement benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets.
Pension Plan Assets
The following table presents total assets by asset class for our U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans (in millions):
U.S. Pension Plans Non-U.S. Pension Plans
December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Cash and cash equivalents $ 171 $ 160 $ 958 $ 419
Equity securities:
U.S.-based companies 471 469 61 582
International-based companies 325 248 56 455
Fixed-income securities:
Government bonds 906 626 444 383
Corporate bonds and debt securities 210 442 174 104
Mutual, pooled and commingled funds 1 297 210 375 477
Hedge funds/limited partnerships 883 1,004 16 19
Real assets 343 341 — —
Derivative financial instruments ( 2 ) — ( 7 ) ( 63 )
Other 292 261 550 298
Total pension plan assets 2 $ 3,896 $ 3,761 $ 2,627 $ 2,674

1
Mutual, pooled and commingled funds include investments in equity securities, fixed-income securities and combinations of both. There are a significant number of mutual, pooled and commingled funds from which investors can choose. The selection of the type of fund is dictated by the specific investment objectives and needs of a given plan. These objectives and needs vary greatly between plans.
2
Fair value disclosures related to our pension plan assets are included in Note 17. Fair value disclosures include, but are not limited to, the levels within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall; a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 assets; and information about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure the fair value of our pension plan assets.
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Investment Strategy for U.S. Pension Plan
The Company utilizes the
s
ervices of investment managers to actively manage the assets of our U.S. qualified pension plan. We have established asset allocation targets and investment guidelines with each investment manager. Our asset allocation targets promote optimal expected return and volatility characteristics given the long-term time horizon for fulfilling the obligations of the plan. Selection of the targeted asset allocation for U.S. pension plan assets is based upon a review of the expected return and risk characteristics of each asset class, as well as the correlation of returns among asset classes. Our target allocation is a mix of
32
% equity securities,
37
% fixed-income securities and
31
% alternative investments. We believe this target allocation will enable us to achieve the following long-term investment objectives:
(1)
optimize the long-term return on plan assets at an acceptable level of risk;
(2)
maintain a broad diversification across asset classes and among investment managers; and
(3)
maintain careful control of the risk level within each asset class.
The investment guidelines that have been established with each investment manager provide parameters within which the investment managers agree to operate, including criteria that determine eligible and ineligible securities, diversification requirements and credit quality standards, where applicable. Investment managers agree to obtain written approval for deviations from stated investment style or guidelines. As of December 31, 2025, no investment manager was responsible for more than
24
% of total U.S. pension plan assets.
Our target allocation of
32
% equity securities is primarily composed of public equities. Optimal returns are achieved through security selection as well as country and sector diversification. As of December 31, 2025, investments in our common stock accounted for
14
% of total equity securities and
3
% of total U.S. pension plan assets. Our investments in public equities are intended to provide diversified exposure to both U.S. and non-U.S. equity markets.
Our target allocation of
37
% fixed-income securities is composed of
57
% long-duration bonds and
43
% with multi-strategy alternative credit managers. Long-duration bonds are intended to provide a stable rate of return through investments in high-quality publicly traded debt securities. Our investments in long-duration bonds are diversified in order to mitigate duration and credit exposure. Multi-strategy alternative credit managers invest in a combination of high-yield bonds, bank loans, structured credit and emerging market debt. These investments are in lower-rated and non-rated debt securities, which generally produce higher returns compared to long-duration bonds and also help diversify our overall fixed-income portfolio.
Our target allocation for alternative investments is
31
%. These alternative investments include hedge funds, reinsurance, private equity limited partnerships and real assets. The objective of investing in alternative investments is to provide a higher rate of return than that which is typically available from publicly traded equity securities. Alternative investments are inherently illiquid and require a long-term perspective in evaluating investment performance.
Investment Strategy for Non-U.S. Pension Plans
For our non-U.S. plans, the investment strategies vary greatly and are subject to the asset/liability profiles and local regulations of the plans in individual countries. In 2025, due to changes in market conditions and needs of the plans, the Company modified the investment strategy for certain plans in Europe and Canada to reduce our funded status risk. The plans represent
62
% of the Company’s international subsidiaries’ pension plan assets and consisted of
57
% cash and cash equivalents;
24
% fixed-income securities;
13
% insurance contracts; and
6
% equity securities as of December 31, 2025.
The target allocation for the remaining
38
% of our non-U.S. plans is broadly characterized as a mix of approximately
74
% fixed-income securities (including insurance contracts);
18
% mutual, pooled and commingled funds;
6
% equity securities; and
2
% other investments as of December 31, 2025. None of our pension plans outside the United States is individually significant for separate disclosure.
98
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income)
Net periodic benefit cost or income for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans consisted of the following (in millions):
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Service cost $ 103 $ 105 $ 94 $ 3 $ 3 $ 4
Interest cost 300 306 322 11 17 27
Expected return on plan assets 1 ( 420 ) ( 469 ) ( 475 ) ( 4 ) ( 7 ) ( 14 )
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 1 1 1 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 )
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) 2 102 103 96 ( 1 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 )
Settlement loss (gain) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) 81 4 — ( 19 ) 5 ( 14 ) 6
Curtailment loss (gain) 11 3 ( 1 ) — — — —
Special termination benefits 27 3 1 1 — — —
Other — 1 — — — —
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ 121 $ 45 $ 120 $ 7 $ ( 13 ) $ ( 5 )

1
The Company has elected to use the actual fair value of plan assets as the market-related value of plan assets in the determination of the expected return on plan assets.
2
Actuarial gains and losses are amortized using a corridor approach. The gain/loss corridor is equal to
10
% of the greater of the benefit obligation and the market-related value of assets. Gains and losses in excess of the corridor are generally amortized over the average future working lifetime of the plan participants.
3
The curtailment loss and special termination benefits were primarily related to the benefit uplifts provided by the Company to active participants pursuant to the group annuity purchase (“buy-in”) for a non-U.S. defined benefit plan. The Company intends to convert the buy-in to a buy-out in the future, at which time the insurer would assume full responsibility for the plan obligations.
4
Settlements primarily related to the U.S. qualified pension plan, which was amended in 2023 to provide lump sum payment options to all former employees. The U.S. qualified pension plan made $
259
 million of lump sum payments in 2023, causing a plan settlement, which resulted in recognition of a $
76
 million settlement loss related to the acceleration of existing unrecognized losses.
5
In 2024, the Company settled its U.S. other postretirement benefit obligations such that core life insurance benefits will be funded by an insurance company beginning September 11, 2024 for the lifetime of certain retirees. The transaction resulted in no change to underlying benefits or plan administration, only a change to the future financing of the benefits. Pursuant to the settlement, the Company transferred $
92
 million of plan assets and liabilities to an insurer and recognized a $
19
million net settlement gain related to the acceleration of existing unrecognized gains.
6
In 2023, the Company settled its U.S. post-65 other postretirement benefit obligations such that retiree reimbursement accounts will be funded by an insurance company beginning January 1, 2025 for the lifetime of certain retirees and their eligible dependents. The transaction resulted in no change to underlying benefits or plan administration, only a change to the future financing of the benefits. Pursuant to the settlement, the Company transferred $
187
 million of plan assets and liabilities to an insurer and recognized a $
14
 million net settlement gain related to the acceleration of existing unrecognized gains.
All of the amounts in the table above, other than service cost, were recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statements of income.
99
Impact on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table sets forth the pretax changes in AOCI for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans (in millions):
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Balance in AOCI at beginning of year $ ( 1,694 ) $ ( 1,906 ) $ 21 $ 61
Recognized prior service cost (credit) 11 1 ( 2 ) ( 3 )
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain) 99 100 ( 1 ) ( 23 )
Prior service credit (cost) occurring during the year ( 14 ) 2 — —
Net actuarial gain (loss) occurring during the year 68 90 5 ( 12 )
Divestitures — ( 6 ) — —
Other — — 3 —
Net foreign currency translation adjustments ( 32 ) 25 1 ( 2 )
Balance in AOCI at end of year $ ( 1,562 ) $ ( 1,694 ) $ 27 $ 21

The following table sets forth the pretax amounts in AOCI for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans (in millions):
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Prior service credit (cost) $ ( 16 ) $ ( 14 ) $ 14 $ 15
Net actuarial gain (loss) ( 1,546 ) ( 1,680 ) 13 6
Balance in AOCI at end of year $ ( 1,562 ) $ ( 1,694 ) $ 27 $ 21

Assumptions
Certain weighted-average assumptions used in computing the benefit obligations for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
December 31, 2025 2024 2025 2024
Discount rate 5.25 % 5.50 % 6.25 % 6.75 %
Interest crediting rate 4.00 % 4.25 % N/A N/A
Rate of increase in compensation levels 4.75 % 4.00 % N/A N/A

Certain weighted-average assumptions used in computing net periodic benefit cost or income were as follows:
Pension Plans Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Discount rate 5.50 % 5.00 % 5.50 % 6.75 % 6.25 % 6.00 %
Interest crediting rate 4.25 % 3.75 % 4.00 % N/A N/A N/A
Rate of increase in compensation levels 4.00 % 4.00 % 3.75 % N/A N/A N/A
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 6.75 % 7.00 % 6.75 % 6.75 % 4.50 % 3.75 %

The discount rate assumption used to account for pension and other postretirement benefit plans reflects the rate at which the benefit obligations could be effectively settled. The discount rate for U.S. and certain non-U.S. plans is determined using a yield curve, developed from high-quality debt securities. Plan obligations are determined by applying projected cash flows to the individual spot rates from the yield curve. The disclosed discount rate is the rate that would produce the same obligation as the applicable yield curve. For other non-U.S. plans, we base the discount rate assumption on comparable indices within each of the countries. The Company measures the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost or income for pension and other postretirement benefit plans by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve to the plans’ projected benefit cash flows, or for other non-U.S. plans referenced above, this is measured using the discount rate derived from appropriate indices. The rate of compensation increase assumption is determined by the Company based upon annual reviews.
100
The cash balance interest crediting rate for the U.S. qualified pension plan is based on the yield on six-month U.S. Treasury bills on the last day of September of the previous plan year, plus 150 basis points, with a minimum interest crediting rate of
3.80
% for all active employees and certain former employees. The Company assumes that the ultimate interest crediting rate is 140 basis points lower than the plan’s year-end discount rate and that the current interest crediting rate will converge with the ultimate interest crediting rate after a period of
10
years.
The expected long-term rate of return assumption for U.S. pension plan assets is based upon the target asset allocation and is determined using forward-looking assumptions in the context of historical returns and volatilities for each asset class, as well as correlations among asset classes. We evaluate the expected long-term rate of return assumption on an annual basis. The expected long-term rate of return assumption used in computing 2025 net periodic benefit income for the U.S. pension plans was
6.75
%. As of December 31, 2025, the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year annualized return for the U.S. pension plan assets was
3.8
%,
7.0
% and
6.9
%, respectively. The annualized return since inception was
9.8
%.
We review external data and our own historical trends for health care costs to determine the trend rate assumptions, where applicable. Given the design of our retiree health benefit plans, healthcare-cost trend rates no longer have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
Cash Flows
The expected benefit payments for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the 10 years succeeding December 31, 2025 are as follows (in millions):
2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031-2035
Benefit payments for pension plans $ 447 $ 449 $ 459 $ 452 $ 479 $ 2,496
Benefit payments for other postretirement benefit plans 21 18 17 15 14 65
Total $ 468 $ 467 $ 476 $ 467 $ 493 $ 2,561

The Company anticipates making contributions of approximately $
27
million to our pension trusts in 2026, all of which will be allocated to our international plans. These contributions are made in accordance with local laws and tax regulations.
Defined Contribution Plans
Our Company sponsors qualified defined contribution plans covering substantially all U.S. employees. Under the largest U.S. defined contribution plan, we match participants’ contributions up to a maximum of
3.5
% of compensation, subject to an IRS limit on compensation. The Company’s expense for the U.S. plans totaled $
48
million, $
52
million and $
44
 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We also sponsor defined contribution plans in certain locations outside the United States. The Company’s expense for these plans totaled $
89
million, $
85
million and $
82
million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
NOTE 15:
INCOME TAXES
Income before income taxes consisted of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 1 2023 1
United States $ 5,678 $ 2,499 $ 1,991
International 10,320 10,587 10,961
Total $ 15,998 $ 13,086 $ 12,952

1
The Company reclassified income before income taxes related to its Puerto Rico operations in 2024 and 2023 from United States to International to align with the jurisdictional disaggregation requirements of ASU 2023‑09.
101
Income taxes consisted of the following (in millions):
United States State and Local International Total
2025
Current $ 86 $ 178 $ 2,080 $ 2,344
Deferred 220 123 174 517
2024
Current $ 324 $ 143 $ 1,981 $ 2,448
Deferred ( 254 ) ( 134 ) 377 ( 11 )
2023
Current $ 83 $ 129 $ 2,039 $ 2,251
Deferred ( 135 ) ( 78 ) 211 ( 2 )

Net income tax payments after the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09, as described in Note 1, consisted of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
United States — federal 1 $ 1,291
United States — state and local 127
International:
Brazil 238
India 265
Mexico 280
Other foreign 672
Total income taxes paid, net of refunds $ 2,873

1
The Company’s U.S. federal payments were reduced by foreign tax credits, general business credits and prior year overpayments. These general business credits include tax credits related to the Company’s investments in limited partnerships constructing, owning and operating alternative energy generation facilities in 2025.
We made income tax payments of $
3,262
million and $
2,580
million in 2024 and 2023, respectively, which included $
964
 million and $
723
million, respectively, of the one-time transition tax required by the Tax Reform Act. The 2024 amount does not include $
6.0
billion paid in relation to invoices the IRS issued for the 2007 through 2009 tax years resulting from the Tax Court’s decision. Refer to Note 12.
In 2025, the Company invested $
306
million in limited partnerships that receive tax credits and other tax benefits by constructing, owning and operating alternative energy generation facilities. During 2025, the Company received tax credits and other income tax benefits of $
241
million and recognized amortization expense of $
224
million related to these investments. The amount of non-income tax-related activity and other returns related to these investments was not material during 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the carrying value of these investments was $
32
million. The Company expects to fulfill $
32
million of unfunded commitments related to these investments in the first quarter of 2026.
In 2024, the Company invested $
226
million in limited partnerships that receive tax credits and other tax benefits by constructing, owning and operating alternative energy generation facilities. During 2024, the Company received tax credits and other income tax benefits of $
323
million and recognized amortization expense of $
308
million related to these investments. The amount of non-income tax-related activity and other returns related to these investments was not material during 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the carrying value of these investments was $
41
million. The Company recorded $
123
million of unfunded commitments related to these investments in the line item accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.
Our effective tax rate reflects the tax impact of having significant operations outside the United States, which are generally taxed at rates different than the statutory U.S. federal tax rate. As a result of employment actions and capital investments made by the Company, certain tax jurisdictions provide income tax incentive grants, including Brazil, Costa Rica, Singapore and Eswatini. The terms of these grants expire from 2031 to 2045. We anticipate that we will be able to extend or renew the grants in these locations. The decision of whether we decide to pursue the renewal of these grants and the impact of the grants going forward is dependent on various factors. Tax incentive grants favorably impacted our income tax expense by $
383
million, $
346
 million and $
332
 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, our effective tax rate reflects the benefits of having significant earnings generated in investments accounted for under the equity method.
102
Also included in our effective tax rate is the tax impact associated with several countries enacting global minimum tax regulations.
The following table reconciles the income tax provision with the amount calculated using the 21.0% U.S. federal statutory rate applied to pretax income, reflecting the adoption of ASU 2023-09 (amounts in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Amount Percent
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate $ 3,360 21.0 %
State and local income taxes — net of federal benefit 1 203 1.3
Foreign tax effects:
Ireland
Tax rate differential ( 172 ) ( 1.1 )
Other 192 1.2
Puerto Rico
Tax rate differential 2 ( 253 ) ( 1.6 )
Other 30 0.2
Other jurisdictions 320 2.0
Effect of cross-border tax laws:
U.S. tax on foreign branches 2 167 1.1
Subpart F ( 315 ) ( 2.0 )
Other ( 92 ) ( 0.6 )
Tax credits ( 176 ) ( 1.1 )
Change in unrecognized tax benefits ( 204 ) ( 1.3 )
Other:
Equity income or loss ( 222 ) ( 1.4 )
Other 23 0.2
Effective tax rate $ 2,861 17.9 %

1
State taxes in California, Florida and Minnesota comprised greater than 50% of the tax effect in this category.
2
This tax rate differential is offset in the U.S. tax on foreign branches line item, which reflects the full U.S. income tax expense of the same amount on income earned in Puerto Rico. The U.S. tax on foreign branches line item also includes impacts for other U.S. branches.
The following table provides the disclosures required before adopting ASU 2023-09 and reconciles our effective tax rate with the U.S. federal tax rate:
Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 %
State and local income taxes — net of federal benefit 1.1 1.1
Earnings in jurisdictions taxed at rates different from the statutory U.S. federal tax rate 1.0 1 ( 0.3 )
Equity income or loss ( 2.6 ) ( 2.1 )
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation ( 0.5 ) ( 0.3 )
Other — net ( 1.4 ) ( 2.0 ) 2
Effective tax rate 18.6 % 17.4 %

1
Includes net tax expense of $
161
million (or a
1.2
% impact on our effective tax rate) related to agreed-upon tax issues with certain foreign jurisdictions.
2
Includes a net tax benefit of $
118
million (or a
0.9
% impact on our effective tax rate) related to domestic provision to return adjustments, as well as for various discrete tax items. Also includes a tax benefit of $
88
 million (or a
0.7
% impact on our effective tax rate) associated with the change in the Company’s indefinite reinvestment assertion for our Philippines and Bangladesh bottling operations.
As of December 31, 2025, we have not recorded incremental income taxes for additional outside basis differences in our investments in foreign subsidiaries, as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.
The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Reform Act require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return each foreign subsidiary’s earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible
103
assets. An accounting policy election is available to either account for the tax effects of GILTI in the period that is subject to such taxes or to provide deferred taxes for book and tax basis differences that upon reversal may be subject to such taxes. We have elected to account for the tax effects of these provisions in the period that is subject to such tax and the impact is reflected in our full year provision.
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in all applicable jurisdictions, including the U.S. federal jurisdiction, U.S. state jurisdictions and foreign jurisdictions. U.S. tax authorities have completed their federal income tax examinations for all years prior to 2007. With respect to U.S. state jurisdictions and foreign jurisdictions, with limited exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries are no longer subject to income tax audits for years prior to 2007. For U.S. federal and state tax purposes, the net operating losses and tax credit carryovers that were acquired in connection with our acquisition of Coca‑Cola Enterprises Inc.’s former North America business and that were generated from 1990 through 2010 are subject to adjustments until the year in which they are utilized is no longer subject to examination. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, the Company believes that adequate amounts of tax, including interest and penalties, have been provided for in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance.
We are currently in litigation with the IRS for tax years 2007 through 2009. Refer to Note 12.
As of December 31, 2025, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $
857
million. If the Company were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, the net effect would be a benefit of $
581
million, exclusive of any benefits related to interest and penalties. The remaining $
276
million primarily represents tax benefits that would be received in different tax jurisdictions in the event the Company did not prevail on all uncertain tax positions.
A reconciliation of the changes in the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year $ 880 $ 929 $ 926
Increase related to prior period tax positions 19 33 2
Decrease related to prior period tax positions ( 46 ) ( 52 ) ( 25 )
Increase related to current period tax positions 31 30 32
Decrease related to settlements with taxing authorities — ( 57 ) —
Decrease due to lapse of the applicable statute of limitations ( 13 ) — ( 2 )
Effect of foreign currency translation ( 14 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )
Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 857 $ 880 $ 929

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the line item income taxes in our consolidated statement of income. The Company had $
708
 million, $
631
 million and $
544
 million in interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits accrued as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Of these amounts, expense of $
77
 million, $
87
 million and $
48
million was recognized in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. If the Company were to prevail on all uncertain tax positions, the reversal of this accrual would be a benefit to the Company’s effective tax rate.
104
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Property, plant and equipment $ 28 $ 23
Goodwill and intangible assets 2,204 1,133
Equity method investments (including net foreign currency translation adjustments) 293 503
Derivative financial instruments 403 332
Other liabilities 1,020 2,650
Benefit plans 428 483
Net operating loss, and other carryforwards 534 874
Other 604 325
Gross deferred tax assets 5,514 6,323
Valuation allowances ( 388 ) ( 485 )
Total deferred tax assets $ 5,126 $ 5,838
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment $ ( 869 ) $ ( 777 )
Goodwill and intangible assets ( 1,571 ) ( 1,750 )
Equity method investments (including net foreign currency translation adjustments) ( 1,649 ) ( 1,649 )
Derivative financial instruments ( 459 ) ( 877 )
Other liabilities ( 228 ) ( 443 )
Benefit plans ( 454 ) ( 441 )
Other 1 ( 1,096 ) ( 1,051 )
Total deferred tax liabilities $ ( 6,326 ) $ ( 6,988 )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $ ( 1,200 ) $ ( 1,150 )

1
Includes deferred tax associated with timing differences related to the IRS Tax Litigation Deposit. Refer to Note 12.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $
1,600
million of loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. Loss carryforwards of $
340
million must be utilized within the next five years, and the remainder can be utilized over a period greater than five years. In addition, we had $
1,096
million of Internal Revenue Code 163(j) interest carryforwards, which will carry forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2025, we also had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $
34
million, which must be utilized within the next ten years.
An analysis of our deferred tax asset valuation allowances is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Balance at beginning of year $ 485 $ 396 $ 424
Additions 42 141 28
Deductions ( 139 ) ( 52 ) ( 56 )
Balance at end of year $ 388 $ 485 $ 396

The Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowances are primarily the result of uncertainties regarding the future realization of recorded tax benefits on tax loss carryforwards and foreign tax credit carryforwards from operations in various jurisdictions and basis differences in certain equity investments. Current evidence does not suggest that we will realize sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period to allow us to realize these deferred tax benefits. If we were to identify and implement tax planning strategies to recover these deferred tax assets or generate sufficient income of the appropriate character in these jurisdictions in the future, it could lead to the reversal of these valuation allowances and a reduction of income tax expense. The Company believes that it will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the tax benefits related to the remaining net deferred tax assets in our consolidated balance sheet.
In 2025, the Company recognized a net decrease of $
97
million in its valuation allowances, primarily due to decreases in the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances associated with the utilization of excess foreign tax credits. The decrease
105
was partially offset by increases in the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances on a certain equity method investment and the changes in net operating losses in the normal course of business.
In 2024, the Company recognized a net increase of $
89
million in its valuation allowances, primarily due to significant negative evidence on the utilization of excess foreign tax credits. The increase was partially offset by decreases in the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances on a certain equity method investment and the changes in net operating losses in the normal course of business.
In 2023, the Company recognized a net decrease of $
28
million in its valuation allowances, primarily due to net decreases in the deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances on a certain equity method investment, certain excess foreign tax credit carryforwards and the changes in net operating losses in the normal course of business.
NOTE 16:
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
AOCI attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company is separately presented in our consolidated balance sheet as a component of The Coca-Cola Company’s shareowners’ equity, which also includes our proportionate share of equity method investees’ AOCI. OCI attributable to noncontrolling interests is allocated to, and included in, our consolidated balance sheet as part of the line item equity attributable to noncontrolling interests.
AOCI attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company consisted of the following, net of tax (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
Net foreign currency translation adjustments $ ( 12,673 ) $ ( 15,610 )
Accumulated net gains (losses) on derivatives ( 244 ) 116
Unrealized net gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities ( 26 ) ( 64 )
Adjustments to pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities ( 1,188 ) ( 1,285 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) $ ( 14,131 ) $ ( 16,843 )

The following table summarizes the allocation of total comprehensive income between shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company and noncontrolling interests (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company Noncontrolling Interests Total
Consolidated net income $ 13,107 $ 30 $ 13,137
Other comprehensive income:
Net foreign currency translation adjustments 1 2,937 ( 69 ) 2,868
Net gains (losses) on derivatives 2 ( 360 ) — ( 360 )
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 3 38 — 38
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities 4 97 ( 3 ) 94
Total comprehensive income $ 15,819 $ ( 42 ) $ 15,777

1
Includes reclassification of $
226
million of foreign currency translation adjustments from shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company to noncontrolling interests related to our bottling operations in India. Refer to Note 1.
2
Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gains or losses on derivative instruments.
3
Refer to Note 4 for additional information related to the net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities.
4
Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities.
106
The following tables present OCI attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company, including our proportionate share of equity method investees’ OCI (in millions):
Before-Tax Amount Income Tax After-Tax Amount
2025
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments arising during the year $ 786 $ ( 209 ) $ 577
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 506 ( 2 ) 504
Gains (losses) on intra-entity transactions that are of a long-term investment nature 2,966 — 2,966
Gains (losses) on net investment hedges arising during the year 1 ( 1,770 ) 434 ( 1,336 )
Reclassification to noncontrolling interests 2 226 — 226
Net foreign currency translation adjustments $ 2,714 $ 223 $ 2,937
Derivatives:
Gains (losses) arising during the year $ ( 666 ) $ 167 $ ( 499 )
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 183 ( 44 ) 139
Net gains (losses) on derivatives 1 $ ( 483 ) $ 123 $ ( 360 )
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the year $ 53 $ ( 17 ) $ 36
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 2 — 2
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 3 $ 55 $ ( 17 ) $ 38
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities:
Net pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities arising during the year $ 36 $ ( 21 ) $ 15
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 106 ( 24 ) 82
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities 4 $ 142 $ ( 45 ) $ 97
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ 2,428 $ 284 $ 2,712

2024
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments arising during the year $ ( 2,427 ) $ 263 $ ( 2,164 )
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 103 — 103
Gains (losses) on intra-entity transactions that are of a long-term investment nature ( 1,455 ) — ( 1,455 )
Gains (losses) on net investment hedges arising during the year 1 844 ( 212 ) 632
Net foreign currency translation adjustments $ ( 2,935 ) $ 51 $ ( 2,884 )
Derivatives:
Gains (losses) arising during the year $ 405 $ ( 98 ) $ 307
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income ( 50 ) 13 ( 37 )
Net gains (losses) on derivatives 1 $ 355 $ ( 85 ) $ 270
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the year $ ( 93 ) $ 31 $ ( 62 )
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income ( 2 ) 1 ( 1 )
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 3 $ ( 95 ) $ 32 $ ( 63 )
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities:
Net pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities arising during the year $ 83 $ ( 25 ) $ 58
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 69 ( 18 ) 51
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities 4 $ 152 $ ( 43 ) $ 109
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ ( 2,523 ) $ ( 45 ) $ ( 2,568 )

107
Before-Tax Amount Income Tax After-Tax Amount
2023
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments arising during the year $ 366 $ ( 131 ) $ 235
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 223 — 223
Gains (losses) on intra-entity transactions that are of a long-term investment nature 712 — 712
Gains (losses) on net investment hedges arising during the year 1 ( 382 ) 95 ( 287 )
Net foreign currency translation adjustments $ 919 $ ( 36 ) $ 883
Derivatives:
Gains (losses) arising during the year $ ( 194 ) $ 23 $ ( 171 )
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income ( 10 ) 3 ( 7 )
Net gains (losses) on derivatives 1 $ ( 204 ) $ 26 $ ( 178 )
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the year $ 28 $ ( 10 ) $ 18
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 7 ( 1 ) 6
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities 3 $ 35 $ ( 11 ) $ 24
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities:
Net pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities arising during the year $ ( 314 ) $ 80 $ ( 234 )
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income 157 ( 32 ) 125
Net change in pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities 4 $ ( 157 ) $ 48 $ ( 109 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company $ 593 $ 27 $ 620

1
Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gains or losses on derivative instruments.
2
Refer to Note 1 for additional information related to the noncontrolling interest in our bottling operations in India.
3
Refer to Note 4 for additional information related to the net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale debt securities.
4
Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities.
108
The following table presents the reclassifications from AOCI into income recorded during the year ended December 31, 2025 (in millions):
Description of AOCI Component Financial Statement Line Item Impacted Amount Reclassified from AOCI
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Divestitures 1,2 Other income (loss) — net $ 506
Income before income taxes 506
Income taxes ( 2 )
Consolidated net income $ 504
Derivatives:
Foreign currency contracts Net operating revenues $ 247
Foreign currency and commodity contracts Cost of goods sold ( 1 )
Foreign currency and interest rate contracts Interest expense 7
Foreign currency contracts Other income (loss) — net ( 70 )
Income before income taxes 183
Income taxes ( 44 )
Consolidated net income $ 139
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Sale of debt securities Other income (loss) — net $ 2
Income before income taxes 2
Income taxes —
Consolidated net income $ 2
Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities:
Divestitures 1 Other income (loss) — net $ ( 2 )
Settlement loss (gain) Other income (loss) — net ( 3 )
Curtailment loss (gain) Other income (loss) — net 11
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain) Other income (loss) — net 101
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) Other income (loss) — net ( 1 )
Income before income taxes 106
Income taxes ( 24 )
Consolidated net income $ 82

1
Related to the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in CCEP. Refer to Note 2.
2
Related primarily to the sale of our finished product operations in Nigeria. Refer to Note 2
.
NOTE 17:
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, the inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
•
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. We value assets and liabilities included in this level using dealer and broker quotations, certain pricing models, bid prices, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
109
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. For our Company, the only assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value on a recurring basis are investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values, debt securities classified as trading or available-for-sale, derivative financial instruments and our contingent consideration liability. Additionally, the Company adjusts the carrying value of certain long-term debt as a result of the Company’s fair value hedging strategy.
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
The fair values of our investments in debt and equity securities using quoted market prices from daily exchange traded markets are based on the closing price as of the balance sheet date and are classified as Level 1. The fair values of our investments in debt and equity securities classified as Level 2 are priced using quoted market prices for similar instruments or nonbinding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data. Inputs into these valuation techniques include actual trade data, benchmark yields, broker/dealer quotes and other similar data. These inputs are obtained from quoted market prices, independent pricing vendors or other sources.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair values of our futures contracts are primarily determined using quoted contract prices on futures exchange markets. The fair values of these instruments are based on the closing contract prices as of the balance sheet date and are classified as Level 1.
The fair values of our derivative instruments other than futures are determined using standard valuation models. The significant inputs used in these models are readily available in public markets, or can be derived from observable market transactions, and therefore have been classified as Level 2. Inputs used in these standard valuation models for derivative instruments other than futures include the applicable exchange rates, forward rates, interest rates, discount rates and commodity prices. The standard valuation model for options also uses implied volatility as an additional input. The discount rates are based on the historical U.S. Deposit or U.S. Treasury rates, and the implied volatility specific to options is based on quoted rates from financial institutions.
Included in the fair values of derivative instruments is an adjustment for nonperformance risk. The adjustment is based on current credit default swap (“CDS”) rates applied to each contract, by counterparty. We use our counterparty’s CDS rate when we are in an asset position and our own CDS rate when we are in a liability position. The adjustment for nonperformance risk did not have a significant impact on the estimated fair values of our derivative instruments.
110
The following tables summarize those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):
December 31, 2025
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Other 3 Netting Adjustment 4 Fair Value Measurements
Assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable values 1 $ 2,148 $ 237 $ 61 $ 143 $ — $ 2,589
Debt securities 1 — 1,824 — — — 1,824
Derivatives 2 — 441 — — ( 403 ) 5 38 7
Total assets $ 2,148 $ 2,502 $ 61 $ 143 $ ( 403 ) $ 4,451
Liabilities:
Derivatives 2 $ 9 $ 1,040 $ — $ — $ ( 954 ) 6 $ 95 7
Total liabilities $ 9 $ 1,040 $ — $ — $ ( 954 ) $ 95

1
Refer to Note 4 for additional information related to the composition of our equity securities with readily determinable values and debt securities.
2
Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the composition of our derivatives portfolio.
3
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy but are included to reconcile to the amounts presented in Note 4.
4
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle net positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties. There were no amounts subject to legally enforceable master netting agreements that management has chosen not to offset or that do not meet the offsetting requirements. Refer to Note 5.
5
The Company is obligated to return $
48
 million in cash collateral it has netted against its derivative position.
6
The Company has the right to reclaim $
597
million in cash collateral it has netted against its derivative position.
7
The Company’s derivative financial instruments were recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet as follows: $
3
million in the line item assets held for sale, $
35
million in the line item other noncurrent assets, $
5
million in the line item liabilities held for sale, and $
90
 million in the line item other noncurrent liabilities. Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the composition of our derivatives portfolio.
December 31, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Other 3 Netting Adjustment 4 Fair Value Measurements
Assets:
Equity securities with readily determinable values 1 $ 1,790 $ 137 $ 13 $ 94 $ — $ 2,034
Debt securities 1 — 1,676 — — — 1,676
Derivatives 2 2 587 — — ( 370 ) 6 219 8
Total assets $ 1,792 $ 2,400 $ 13 $ 94 $ ( 370 ) $ 3,929
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration liability $ — $ — $ 6,126 5 $ — $ — $ 6,126
Derivatives 2 — 1,119 — — ( 1,097 ) 7 22 8
Total liabilities $ — $ 1,119 $ 6,126 $ — $ ( 1,097 ) $ 6,148

1
Refer to Note 4 for additional information related to the composition of our equity securities with readily determinable values and debt securities.
2
Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the composition of our derivatives portfolio.
3
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy but are included to reconcile to the amounts presented in Note 4.
4
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Company to settle net positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties. There were no amounts subject to legally enforceable master netting agreements that management has chosen not to offset or that do not meet the offsetting requirements. Refer to Note 5.
5
Represents the fair value of the remaining milestone payment related to our acquisition of fairlife, which is contingent on fairlife achieving certain financial targets through 2024 and is payable in 2025. This milestone payment is based on agreed-upon formulas related to fairlife’s operating results, the resulting value of which is not subject to a ceiling. The fair value was determined using discounted cash flow analyses. We are required to remeasure this liability to fair value quarterly, with any changes in the fair value recorded in income until the final milestone payment is made.
111
6
The Company is obligated to return $
12
million in cash collateral it had netted against its derivative position.
7
The Company had the right to reclaim $
735
million in cash collateral it had netted against its derivative position.
8
The Company’s derivative financial instruments were recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheet as follows: $
102
million in the line item prepaid expenses and other current assets, $
117
million in the line item other noncurrent assets and $
22
million in the line item
other noncurrent liabilities
. Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the composition of our derivatives portfolio.
Gross realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 assets and liabilities, excluding the contingent consideration liability in 2024, were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the hierarchy as of the beginning of the reporting period. Gross transfers between levels within the hierarchy were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by U.S. GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges or as a result of observable changes in equity securities using the measurement alternative.
The gains and losses on assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized in the following table (in millions):
Gains (Losses)
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024
Assets held for sale $ ( 1,537 ) 1 $ —
Impairment of intangible assets ( 1,033 ) 2,3,4 ( 886 ) 2,3
Other-than-temporary impairment charges ( 65 ) 5,6 ( 34 ) 5
Impairment of property, plant and equipment ( 12 ) 4 ( 63 ) 7
Total $ ( 2,647 ) $ ( 983 )

1
The Company is required to record assets and liabilities that are held for sale at the lower of carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell based on the estimated proceeds. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a charge of $
1,274
 million due to the impairment of assets related to our bottling operations in Africa becoming held for sale and was calculated based on Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 2. The Company also recorded a charge of $
235
million due to the write-off of assets related to the sale of our finished product operations in Nigeria and was calculated based on Level 3 inputs. Refer to Note 2. Additionally, the Company recorded a charge of $
28
 million due to the write-down of assets held for sale related to the refranchising of certain bottling operations in Ghana. This charge, which was calculated based on Level 3 inputs, primarily related to property, plant and equipment. These operations were sold in July 2025, resulting in an additional loss of $
8
 million. These impairment charges were recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income.
2
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded asset impairment charges of $
44
million and $
126
million, respectively, related to a trademark in Latin America. These impairment charges were derived using Level 3 inputs and were primarily driven by revised projections of future operating results and changes in macroeconomic conditions. These charges were recorded in the line item
other operating charges
in our consolidated statements of income. The remaining carrying value of the trademark is $
42
million.
3
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded asset impairment charges of $
960
million and $
760
million, respectively, related to our BodyArmor trademark in North America. The 2025 impairment charge was primarily driven by revised projections of future operating results, including a slowing of the projected long-term growth rate for the category, an intensifying competitive environment, and more focused innovation and international rollout plans. The 2024 impairment charge was primarily driven by revised projections of future operating results and higher discount rates resulting from changes in macroeconomic conditions since the acquisition date. The fair value of this trademark was derived using discounted cash flow analyses based on Level 3 inputs. These charges were recorded in the line item
other operating charges
in our consolidated statements of income. The remaining carrying value of the trademark is $
2,440
million.
4
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $
29
million related to a trademark in Asia Pacific and an asset impairment charge of $
12
million related to the fixed assets of this business. These impairment charges were derived using Level 3 inputs and were primarily driven by revised projections of future operating results. These charges were recorded in the line item
other operating charges
in our consolidated statement of income.
5
During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $
40
million and $
34
million, respectively, related to an equity method investee in Latin America. These impairment charges were derived using Level 3 inputs and were primarily driven by revised projections of future operating results. These charges were recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statements of income.
112
6
During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $
25
million related to a joint venture in Latin America. This impairment charge was derived using Level 3 inputs and was due to the joint venture’s restructuring and planned liquidation. This charge was recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our consolidated statement of income.
7
The Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $
63
million during the year ended December 31, 2024 related to certain prototypes. This impairment charge, which was calculated based on Level 3 inputs, was driven by management’s strategic decision to cease use of the assets. This charge was recorded in the line item selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income.
Fair Value Measurements for Pension Plan Assets
The fair value hierarchy discussed above is not only applicable to assets and liabilities that are included in our consolidated balance sheet but is also applied to certain other assets that impact our consolidated financial statements. For example, our Company sponsors a number of pension plans. Assets contributed to these plans by the Company become the property of the individual plans. Even though the Company no longer has control over these assets, our consolidated financial statements are impacted by subsequent fair value adjustments to these assets. The actual return on these assets impacts the Company’s future net periodic benefit cost or income as well as amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 14. The Company uses the fair value hierarchy to measure the fair value of assets held by our pension plans.
The following table summarizes the levels within the fair value hierarchy for our pension plan assets (in millions):
December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Other 1 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Other 1 Total
Cash and cash equivalents $ 446 $ 683 $ — $ — $ 1,129 $ 203 $ 376 $ — $ — $ 579
Equity securities:
U.S.-based companies 505 — 27 — 532 1,022 1 28 — 1,051
International-based companies 379 — 2 — 381 691 10 2 — 703
Fixed-income securities:
Government bonds 92 1,258 — — 1,350 79 930 — — 1,009
Corporate bonds and debt securities — 375 9 — 384 — 529 17 — 546
Mutual, pooled and commingled funds 29 184 — 459 4 672 24 277 — 386 8 687
Hedge funds/limited partnerships — — — 899 5 899 — — — 1,023 5 1,023
Real assets — — — 343 6 343 — — — 341 6 341
Derivative financial instruments — ( 9 ) 2 — — ( 9 ) — ( 63 ) 2 — — ( 63 )
Other — — 576 3 266 7 842 — — 311 3 248 7 559
Total $ 1,451 $ 2,491 $ 614 $ 1,967 $ 6,523 $ 2,019 $ 2,060 $ 358 $ 1,998 $ 6,435

1
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy but are included to reconcile to the amounts presented in Note 14.
2
This class of assets includes investments in interest rate contracts, credit contracts and foreign exchange contracts.
3
Includes purchased annuity insurance contracts.
4
This class of assets primarily includes alternative investment funds and collective trust funds for qualified plans. These funds can be subject to monthly redemption restrictions, with a redemption notice period of up to 10 days prior to month end.
5
This class of assets includes hedge funds that can be subject to redemption restrictions, ranging from monthly to semiannually, with a redemption notice period of up to one year and/or initial lock-up periods of up to three years, and private equity funds that are primarily closed-end funds in which the Company’s investments are generally not eligible for redemption. Distributions from these private equity funds will be received as the underlying assets are liquidated or distributed.
6
This class of assets includes funds invested in real assets, including a privately held real estate investment trust, a real estate commingled pension trust fund, infrastructure limited partnerships and commingled investment funds. These funds seek current income and capital appreciation and can be subject to quarterly redemption restrictions, with a redemption notice period of up to 90 days.
7
Primarily includes segregated portfolios of private investment funds that are invested in a portfolio of insurance-linked securities. These assets can be subject to a semiannual redemption, with a redemption notice period of 90 days, subject to certain gate restrictions.
8
This class of assets primarily includes a mortgage-related fixed income securities fund, alternative investment funds and collective trust funds for qualified plans. There are no liquidity restrictions on these investments.
113
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of our Level 3 pension plan assets (in millions):
Equity Securities Fixed-Income Securities Other 1 Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024 $ 32 $ 27 $ 323 $ 382
Actual return on plan assets 1 2 8 11
Purchases, sales and settlements — net ( 3 ) ( 12 ) ( 2 ) ( 17 )
Net foreign currency translation adjustments — — ( 18 ) ( 18 )
Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ 30 $ 17 $ 311 $ 358
Actual return on plan assets ( 1 ) 1 7 7
Purchases, sales and settlements — net — ( 7 ) 216 209
Transfers into (out of) Level 3 — net — ( 2 ) — ( 2 )
Net foreign currency translation adjustments — — 42 42
Balance as of December 31, 2025 $ 29 $ 9 $ 576 $ 614

1
Includes purchased annuity insurance contracts.
Other Fair Value Disclosures
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents; short-term investments; trade accounts receivable; accounts payable and accrued expenses; and loans and notes payable approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. As of December 31, 2025, the carrying value and fair value of our long-term debt, including the current portion, were $
43,941
million and $
39,385
million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the carrying value and fair value of our long-term debt, including the current portion, were $
43,023
 million and $
38,052
 million, respectively.
NOTE 18:
SIGNIFICANT OPERATING AND NONOPERATING ITEMS
Other Operating Charges
In 2025, the Company recorded other operating charges of $
1,261
million. These charges consisted of $
960
million related to the impairment of our BodyArmor trademark which impacted our North America operating segment, $
97
 million related to the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program, and $
47
million related to the remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with our acquisition of fairlife in 2020, which brought the total liability to $
6,173
million and was paid in March 2025. Additionally, other operating charges included $
44
 million related to the impairment of a trademark in our Latin America operating segment, $
41
 million related to the impairment of a trademark and property, plant and equipment in our Asia Pacific operating segment and $
35
 million related to an indemnification agreement entered into as a part of the refranchising of certain of our bottling operations. In addition, other operating charges included $
15
 million for the amortization of noncompete agreements related to the BodyArmor acquisition in 2021, $
12
 million of transaction costs related to our divestiture activities and $
10
 million related to tax litigation expense.
In 2024, the Company recorded other operating charges of $
4,163
million. These charges consisted of $
3,109
million related to the remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with the fairlife acquisition, $
760
 million related to the impairment of our BodyArmor trademark which impacted our North America operating segment, $
133
 million related to the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program and $
126
 million related to the impairment of a trademark that impacted our Latin America operating segment. In addition, other operating charges included $
15
million for the amortization of noncompete agreements related to the BodyArmor acquisition, $
13
 million related to an indemnification agreement entered into as a part of the refranchising of certain of our bottling operations and $
9
 million of transaction costs related to our divestiture activities. These charges were partially offset by a net benefit of $
2
million related to a revision of management’s estimates for tax litigation expense.
In 2023, the Company recorded other operating charges of $
1,951
million. These charges consisted of $
1,702
million related to the remeasurement of our contingent consideration liability to fair value in conjunction with the fairlife acquisition, $
164
 million related to the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program and $
35
million related to the discontinuation of certain manufacturing operations that impacted our Asia Pacific operating segment. In addition, other operating charges included $
27
 million related to the restructuring of our North America operating unit, $
15
million for the amortization of noncompete agreements related to the BodyArmor acquisition and $
8
million related to tax litigation expense.
114
Refer to Note 2 for additional information on our divestiture activities. Refer to Note 12 for additional information related to the tax litigation. Refer to Note 17 for additional information on fairlife and the impairment charges. Refer to Note 19 for additional information on the Company’s productivity and reinvestment program.
Other Nonoperating Items
Equity Income (Loss) — Net
The Company recorded net charges of $
21
million, $
92
million and $
159
million in equity income (loss) — net during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts represent the Company’s proportionate share of significant operating and nonoperating items recorded by certain of our equity method investees.
Other Income (Loss) — Net
During 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $
1,952
 million related to the sale of our ownership interest in Coke Consolidated, a net gain of $
409
million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, a gain of $
331
 million related to the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in CCEP, a gain of $
102
million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in certain territories in India and a gain of $
31
million related to the substantial liquidation of a joint venture in China. The Company also recorded a charge of $
1,274
million related to our bottling operations in Africa that became held for sale, a charge of $
393
 million related to the sale of our finished product operations in Nigeria, and other-than-temporary impairment charges of $
40
 million related to an equity method investee in Latin America and $
25
million related to a joint venture in Latin America. Additionally, the Company recorded a charge of $
36
million related to the refranchising of certain bottling operations in Ghana, and charges of $
27
million and $
11
million for special termination benefits and a curtailment loss, respectively, related to non-U.S. pension activity.
During 2024, the Company recognized a gain of $
595
million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in the Philippines and recognized a gain of $
506
million related to the sale of our ownership interest in an equity method investee in Thailand. The Company also recognized a gain of $
338
million related to the sale of a portion of our ownership interest in Coke Consolidated, a gain of $
303
million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in certain territories in India and a net gain of $
290
million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities. These gains were partially offset by an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $
34
million related to an equity method investee in Latin America.
During 2023, the Company recognized a gain of $
439
million related to the refranchising of our bottling operations in Vietnam, a net gain of $
289
million related to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, and a gain of $
94
 million related to the sale of our ownership interests in our equity method investees in Pakistan and Indonesia. Additionally, the Company recorded charges of $
67
million due to pension and other postretirement benefit plan settlement losses, an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $
39
million related to an equity method investee in Latin America and charges of $
32
 million related to the restructuring of our manufacturing operations in the United States.
Refer to Note 2 for additional information on our divestiture activities and on our bottling operations held for sale in Africa. Refer to Note 4 for additional information on equity and debt securities. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on pension and other postretirement benefit plan activity. Refer to Note 17 for additional information on the impairment charges and the bottling operations in Ghana.
NOTE 19:
RESTRUCTURING
Productivity and Reinvestment Program    
In February 2012, the Company announced a productivity and reinvestment program designed to strengthen our brands and reinvest our resources to drive long-term profitable growth. This program was expanded multiple times, with the last expansion occurring in April 2017. As of December 31, 2025, we have substantially completed this program.
The Company incurred pretax expenses of $
97
million, $
133
million and $
164
million during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to this program. These expenses primarily included internal and external costs associated with the implementation of the program’s initiatives and were recorded in the line item other operating charges in our consolidated statements of income. The Company has incurred total pretax expenses of $
4,523
 million related to this program since it commenced. These expenses were recorded in the line items
other operating charges and other income (loss) — net
in our consolidated statements of income.
115
NOTE 20:
OPERATING SEGMENTS
Our organizational structure consists of the following
five
operating segments: EMEA, Latin America, North America, Asia Pacific, and Bottling Investments. Our operating structure also includes Corporate, which consists of two components: (1) a center focusing on strategic initiatives, policy, governance and scaling global initiatives, and (2) a platform services organization supporting operating units, global marketing category leadership teams and the center by providing efficient and scaled global services and capabilities, including, but not limited to, transactional work, data management, consumer analytics, digital commerce and social/digital hubs.
Segment Products and Services
The business of our Company is primarily nonalcoholic beverages. Our geographic operating segments (EMEA, Latin America, North America and Asia Pacific) derive a majority of their revenues from the manufacture and sale of beverage concentrates and syrups and, in some cases, the sale of finished beverages. Our EMEA operating segment also includes the results of the Costa business (excluding the ready-to-drink business), regardless of the location of the retail stores. The results of Costa’s ready-to-drink business and the fees related to Monster are reported within the applicable geographic operating segments. Our Bottling Investments operating segment is composed of our consolidated bottling operations, regardless of the geographic location of the bottler. Our consolidated bottling operations derive the majority of their revenues from the manufacture and sale of finished beverages. Generally, finished product operations generate higher net operating revenues but lower gross profit margins than concentrate operations. Refer to Note 3.
The following table sets forth the percentage of total net operating revenues attributable to concentrate operations and finished product operations:
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
Concentrate operations 59 % 59 % 58 %
Finished product operations 41 41 42
Total 100 % 100 % 100 %

Chief Operating Decision Maker and Method of Determining Segment Income or Loss
Our Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates operating segment performance based primarily on net operating revenues and operating income (loss) to make strategic operating and resource allocation decisions for the Company. Segment operating income is calculated on a consistent basis as our consolidated operating income. The type of decisions made at this level include, but are not limited to, annual business plan targets and allocation of capital expenditures, which are aligned with our long-term growth objectives. Our Company manages income taxes and certain treasury-related items, such as interest income and interest expense, on a global basis within Corporate. Information about total assets by segment is not disclosed because such information is not regularly provided to, or used by, our CODM.
Geographic and Customer Data
The following table provides information related to our net operating revenues (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
United States $ 19,127 $ 18,362 $ 16,550
International 28,814 28,699 29,204
Net operating revenues $ 47,941 $ 47,061 $ 45,754

For the year ended December 31, 2025, one bottler accounted for
10
% of our net operating revenues, which are reflected in our EMEA and Asia Pacific operating segments. No bottlers or customers represented 10% or more of our net operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The following table provides information related to our property, plant and equipment — net (in millions):
December 31, 2025 2024
United States $ 4,825 $ 4,364
International 4,788 5,939
Property, plant and equipment — net 1 $ 9,613 $ 10,303

1
Property, plant and equipment — net in India represented
17
% and
13
% of consolidated property, plant and equipment — net as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
116
Information about our Company’s operations by operating segment and Corporate is as follows (in millions):
EMEA Latin America North America Asia Pacific Bottling Investments Operating Segments Total Corporate Eliminations Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2025
Net operating revenues:
Third party $ 10,833 $ 6,331 $ 19,579 $ 5,328 $ 5,726 $ 47,797 $ 144 $ — $ 47,941
Intersegment 680 3 7 310 9 1,009 — ( 1,009 ) —
Total net operating revenues 11,513 6,334 19,586 5,638 5,735 48,806 144 ( 1,009 ) 47,941
Cost of goods sold 3,294 1,109 9,438 1,788 3,948 19,577 ( 171 ) ( 1,009 ) 18,397
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,921 1,439 4,118 1,767 1,361 12,606 1,915 — 14,521
Other operating charges — 44 960 41 — 1,045 216 — 1,261
Operating income (loss) $ 4,298 $ 3,742 $ 5,070 $ 2,042 $ 426 $ 15,578 $ ( 1,816 ) $ — $ 13,762
Interest income 786
Interest expense 1,654
Equity income (loss) — net 2,031
Other income (loss) — net 1,073
Income before income taxes $ 15,998
Other segment information:
Capital expenditures $ 237 $ 2 $ 669 $ 72 $ 547 $ 1,527 $ 585 $ — $ 2,112
Depreciation and amortization 173 32 326 47 313 891 159 — 1,050

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net operating revenues:
Third party $ 10,278 $ 6,471 $ 18,860 $ 5,127 $ 6,215 $ 46,951 $ 110 $ — $ 47,061
Intersegment 680 — 9 467 8 1,164 — ( 1,164 ) —
Total net operating revenues 10,958 6,471 18,869 5,594 6,223 48,115 110 ( 1,164 ) 47,061
Cost of goods sold 3,083 1,099 9,595 1,689 4,251 19,717 ( 229 ) ( 1,164 ) 18,324
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,620 1,454 3,958 1,749 1,476 12,257 2,325 — 14,582
Other operating charges — 126 760 — — 886 3,277 — 4,163
Operating income (loss) $ 4,255 $ 3,792 $ 4,556 $ 2,156 $ 496 $ 15,255 $ ( 5,263 ) $ — $ 9,992
Interest income 988
Interest expense 1,656
Equity income (loss) — net 1,770
Other income (loss) — net 1,992
Income before income taxes $ 13,086
Other segment information:
Capital expenditures $ 222 $ 1 $ 602 $ 18 $ 734 $ 1,577 $ 487 $ — $ 2,064
Depreciation and amortization 181 29 325 45 319 899 176 — 1,075

117
EMEA Latin America North America Asia Pacific Bottling Investments Operating Segments Total Corporate Eliminations Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net operating revenues:
Third party $ 10,152 $ 5,834 $ 16,965 $ 4,811 $ 7,852 $ 45,614 $ 140 $ — $ 45,754
Intersegment 686 — 8 731 8 1,433 — ( 1,433 ) —
Total net operating revenues 10,838 5,834 16,973 5,542 7,860 47,047 140 ( 1,433 ) 45,754
Cost of goods sold 2,970 1,040 8,791 1,644 5,615 20,060 ( 107 ) ( 1,433 ) 18,520
Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,545 1,358 3,522 1,806 1,667 11,898 2,074 — 13,972
Other operating charges — — 26 35 — 61 1,890 — 1,951
Operating income (loss) $ 4,323 $ 3,436 $ 4,634 $ 2,057 $ 578 $ 15,028 $ ( 3,717 ) $ — $ 11,311
Interest income 907
Interest expense 1,527
Equity income (loss) — net 1,691
Other income (loss) — net 570
Income before income taxes $ 12,952
Other segment information:
Capital expenditures $ 235 $ 1 $ 412 $ 23 $ 843 $ 1,514 $ 338 $ — $ 1,852
Depreciation and amortization 187 48 310 50 389 984 144 — 1,128

During 2025, 2024 and 2023, our operating segments and Corporate were impacted by acquisition and divestiture activities. Refer to Note 2. Additionally, during 2025, 2024 and 2023, our operating segments and Corporate were impacted by certain significant operating and nonoperating items. Refer to Note 18.
NOTE 21:
NET CHANGE IN OPERATING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities attributable to the net change in operating assets and liabilities was composed of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023
(Increase) decrease in trade accounts receivable $ 334 $ ( 295 ) $ ( 2 )
(Increase) decrease in inventories ( 154 ) ( 520 ) ( 597 )
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets 1 ( 388 ) ( 5,667 ) ( 323 )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses 2 ( 6,612 ) 1,134 841
Increase (decrease) in accrued income taxes ( 558 ) ( 823 ) ( 578 )
Increase (decrease) in other noncurrent liabilities 170 ( 63 ) ( 187 )
Net change in operating assets and liabilities $ ( 7,208 ) $ ( 6,234 ) $ ( 846 )

1
The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets in 2024 was primarily due to the IRS Tax Litigation Deposit. Refer to Note 12.
2
The decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses in 2025 was primarily due to the payment of the contingent consideration liability in conjunction with our acquisition of fairlife in 2020. Refer to Note 18.
118
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT
Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management of the Company is responsible for the preparation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States appropriate in the circumstances and, accordingly, include certain amounts based on our best judgments and estimates. Financial information in this report is consistent with that in the financial statements.
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Our internal control system is supported by a program of internal audits and appropriate reviews by management, written policies and guidelines, careful selection and training of qualified personnel, and a written Code of Business Conduct adopted by our Company’s Board of Directors, applicable to all officers and employees of our Company and subsidiaries. In addition, our Company’s Board of Directors adopted a written Code of Business Conduct for Non-Employee Directors which reflects the same principles and values as our Code of Business Conduct for officers and employees but focuses on matters of relevance to non-employee Directors.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and, even when determined to be effective, can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (“COSO”) in
Internal Control
—
Integrated Framework
. Based on this assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.
The Company’s independent auditors, Ernst & Young LLP, a registered public accounting firm, are appointed by the Audit Committee of our Company’s Board of Directors. Ernst & Young LLP has audited and reported on the consolidated financial statements of The Coca-Cola Company and subsidiaries and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The reports of the independent auditors are contained in this report.
Audit Committee’s Responsibility
The Audit Committee of our Company’s Board of Directors, composed solely of Directors who are independent in accordance with the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange listing standards, the Exchange Act, and the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, meets with the independent auditors, management and internal auditors periodically to discuss internal controls along with auditing and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee reviews with the independent auditors the scope and results of the audit effort. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor without management present to ensure that the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor have free access to the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee’s Report can be found in the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement.
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James Quincey John Murphy
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer February 20, 2026 President and Chief Financial Officer February 20, 2026
Erin L. May
Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer February 20, 2026

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareowners and the Board of Directors of The Coca-Cola Company
    
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Coca-Cola Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareowners' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 20, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Accounting for uncertain tax positions
Description of the Matter As described in Note 12 and Note 15 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company is involved in various income tax matters for which the ultimate outcomes are uncertain. As of December 31, 2025, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $857 million. Auditing the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with some of management’s uncertain tax positions was especially challenging due to the level of subjectivity and significant judgment associated with the recognition and measurement of the tax position.

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How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the effectiveness of controls over the Company’s accounting process for uncertain tax positions. Our procedures included testing controls addressing the completeness of uncertain tax positions, controls relating to the identification and recognition of the uncertain tax positions, controls over the measurement of the unrecognized tax benefit, and controls over the identification of developments related to existing uncertain tax positions. Our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the assumptions the Company used to assess some of its uncertain tax positions and related unrecognized tax benefit amounts by jurisdiction. We also tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the identification and measurement of uncertain tax positions. We evaluated evidence of management’s assessment of specific uncertain tax positions, including inquiries of tax counsel, inspection of technical memos, and written representations of management. For certain assessments, we involved professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in our evaluation of the tax technical merits of the Company’s assessments, including the assessments of whether the tax positions are more likely than not to be sustained, the amount of the potential benefits to be realized, and the application of relevant tax law. We also assessed the Company’s disclosures of uncertain tax positions included in Note 12 and Note 15.
Valuation of trademarks with indefinite lives
Description of the Matter Included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are trademarks with indefinite lives of $12.5 billion as of December 31, 2025. As described in Note 1, management performs an annual impairment test of its indefinite-lived intangible assets, including trademarks with indefinite lives. Each impairment test may be qualitative or quantitative. Management performs their annual impairment tests as of June 28, 2025, and more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that assets might be impaired. The Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $960 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, related to their BodyArmor trademark in North America. Auditing the valuation of certain indefinite-lived trademarks with indefinite lives involved complex judgment due to the significant estimation required by management in determining the fair value of the trademarks with indefinite lives. Significant assumptions used in certain of the Company’s trademark fair value estimates included revenues, royalty rates, long-term growth rates, and discount rates, as applicable.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s interim review of impairment indicators, interim impairment tests, and annual impairment tests for certain trademarks with indefinite lives. For example, we tested management’s risk assessment process to determine whether to perform a quantitative or qualitative test, management’s control over the evaluation of interim impairment indicators, and management’s review controls over certain of the valuation models and underlying assumptions used to develop such estimates. We tested certain of the Company’s trademarks with indefinite lives based on our risk assessments. Our audit procedures included, among others, comparing significant judgmental inputs to observable third party and industry sources, and evaluating the reasonableness of management’s projected financial information by comparing to third party industry projections, third party economic growth projections, and other internal and external data. We performed sensitivity analyses of certain significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value of certain of the Company’s trademarks with indefinite lives and also assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates. In addition, we involved specialists to assist in our evaluation of certain significant assumptions used in the Company’s valuation models. We also assessed the Company’s related disclosures of its valuation of trademarks with indefinite lives.

/s/
Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1921.
Atlanta, Georgia
February 20, 2026
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareowners and the Board of Directors of The Coca-Cola Company
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited The Coca-Cola Company and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, The Coca-Cola Company and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareowners' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and our report dated February 20, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 20, 2026
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ITEM 9.  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025.
Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The report of management on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 and the attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting are set forth in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION
During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025, none of our Directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act)
adopted
or
terminated
a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 9C.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
Part III
ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. See Item X. in Part I of this report for information regarding executive officers of the Company.
ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
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ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2026 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Part IV
ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1)
Financial Statements:
Consolidated Statements of Income — Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2025 and 2024
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Shareowners’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules:
The schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
(3)
Exhibits:
In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this report, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the Company or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations, warranties, covenants and conditions by or of each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations, warranties, covenants and conditions have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:
•
should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate;
•
may have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
•
may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
•
were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments.
Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about the Company may be found elsewhere in this report and the Company’s other public filings, which are available without charge through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

EXHIBIT INDEX
(With regard to applicable cross-references in the list of exhibits below, the Company’s Current, Quarterly and Annual Reports are filed with the SEC under File No. 001-02217; and Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc.’s (formerly known as Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc.) Current, Quarterly and Annual Reports are filed with the SEC under File No. 001-09300).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, including Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, dated July 27, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2012.
3.2 By-Laws of the Company, as amended and restated through October 19, 2023 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2023.

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4.1 Description of the Company’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
4.2 As permitted by the rules of the SEC, the Company has not filed certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company or consolidated subsidiaries under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of any omitted instrument.
4.3 Amended and Restated Indenture, dated as of April 26, 1988, between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as successor to Bankers Trust Company, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2017.
4.4 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 24, 1992, to Amended and Restated Indenture, dated as of April 26, 1988, between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as successor to Bankers Trust Company, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2017.
4.5 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2007, to Amended and Restated Indenture, dated as of April 26, 1988, as amended, between the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as successor to Bankers Trust Company, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2017.
4.6 Form of Note for 1.875% Notes due 2026 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on September 19, 2014.
4.7 Form of Note for 1.125% Notes due 2027 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on March 6, 2015.
4.8 Form of Note for 1.625% Notes due 2035 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on March 6, 2015.
4.9 Form of Note for 1.100% Notes due 2036 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on September 2, 2016.
4.10 Form of Note for 2.900% Notes due 2027 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2017.
4.11 Form of Note for 0.750% Notes due 2026 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2019.
4.12 Form of Note for 1.250% Notes due 2031 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 8, 2019.
4.13 Form of Note for 2.125% Notes due 2029 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 9, 2019.
4.14 Form of Note for 3.375% Notes due 2027 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2020.
4.15 Form of Note for 3.450% Notes due 2030 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2020.
4.16 Form of Note for 4.125% Notes due 2040 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2020.
4.17 Form of Note for 4.200% Notes due 2050 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2020.
4.18 Form of Note for 1.450% Notes due 2027 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2020.
4.19 Form of Note for 1.650% Notes due 2030 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2020.
4.20 Form of Note for 2.500% Notes due 2040 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2020.
4.21 Form of Note for 2.600% Notes due 2050 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2020.
4.22 Form of Note for 2.750% Notes due 2060 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2020.
4.23 Form of Note for 0.125% Notes due 2029 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.
4.24 Form of Note for 0.375% Notes due 2033 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.
4.25 Form of Note for 0.800% Notes due 2040 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.

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4.26 Form of Note for 1.000% Notes due 2028 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.
4.27 Form of Note for 1.375% Notes due 2031 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.
4.28 Form of Note for 2.500% Notes due 2051 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 18, 2020.
4.29 Form of Note for 1.500% Notes due 2028 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2021.
4.30 Form of Note for 2.000% Notes due 2031 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2021.
4.31 Form of Note for 0.125% Notes due 2029 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2021.
4.32 Form of Note for 0.500% Notes due 2033 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2021.
4.33 Form of Note for 1.000% Notes due 2041 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2021.
4.34 Form of Note for 2.250% Notes due 2032 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2021.
4.35 Form of Note for 2.875% Notes due 2041 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2021.
4.36 Form of Note for 3.000% Notes due 2051 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2021 .
4.37 Form of Note for 0.950% Notes due 2036 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2021.
4.38 Form of Note for 0.400% Notes due 2030 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 17, 2021.
4.39 Form of Note for 5.000% Notes due 2034 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024.
4.40 Form of Note for 5.300% Notes due 2054 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024.
4.41 Form of Note for 5.400% Notes due 2064 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2024.
4.42 Form of Note for 3.125% Notes due 2032 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 14, 2024.
4.43 Form of Note for 3.500% Notes due 2044 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 14, 2024.
4.44 Form of Note for 4.650% Notes due 2034 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2024.
4.45 Form of Note for 5.200% Notes due 2055 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2024.
4.46 Form of Note for 3.375% Notes due 2037 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 15, 2024.
4.47 Form of Note for 3.750% Notes due 2053 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 15, 2024.
4.48 Indenture, dated as of July 30, 1991, between Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 1991.
4.49 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 29, 1992, to the Indenture, dated as of July 30, 1991, between Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.01 to Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29, 1992.
4.50 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 22, 2017, to the Indenture, dated as of July 30, 1991, as amended, among Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc., the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2017.

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4.51 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 5, 2017, to the Indenture, dated as of July 30, 1991, as amended, among Coca-Cola Refreshments USA, Inc., the Company and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2017.
10.1 Performance Incentive Plan of The Coca-Cola Company, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 10, 2020.*
10.1.1 Annual Incentive Plan of The Coca-Cola Company, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 27, 2022.*
10.2 The Coca-Cola Company 1999 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated through February 20, 2013 (the “1999 Stock Option Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2013.*
10.2.1 Form of Stock Option Agreement in connection with the 1999 Stock Option Plan, as adopted February 18, 2009 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2009.*
10.3 The Coca-Cola Company 2008 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated, effective February 20, 2013 (the “2008 Stock Option Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2013.*
10.3.1 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2008 Stock Option Plan, as adopted February 18, 2009 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2009.*
10.3.2 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2008 Stock Option Plan, as adopted February 19, 2014 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2014.*
10.4 The Coca-Cola Company 1989 Restricted Stock Award Plan, as amended and restated through February 19, 2014 (the “1989 Restricted Stock Award Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2014.*
10.4.1 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement in connection with the 1989 Restricted Stock Award Plan, as adopted February 20, 2013 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2013.*
10.4.2 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement in connection with the 1989 Restricted Stock Award Plan, as adopted February 20, 2013 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 20, 2013.*
10.4.3 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement in connection with the 1989 Restricted Stock Award Plan, as adopted February 19, 2014 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2014.*
10.5 The Coca-Cola Company 2014 Equity Plan (the “2014 Equity Plan”), as amended and restated as of February 17, 2016 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2016.*
10.5.1 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 18, 2015 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2015.*
10.5.2 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 18, 2015 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2015.*
10.5.3 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2016 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2016.*
10.5.4 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2016 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2016.*
10.5.5 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2017 —incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2017.*
10.5.6 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2017 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2017.*

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10.5.7 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement-Retention Award for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2017 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2017.*
10.5.8 Clawback Policy for Awards under The Coca-Cola Company Performance Incentive Plan, as adopted February 15, 2017 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2017.*
10.5.9 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 14, 2018 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.5.10 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 14, 2018 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.5.11 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 20, 2019 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2019.*
10.5.12 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 20, 2019 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2019.*
10.5.13 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 20, 2019 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2019.*
10.5.14 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 19, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2020.*
10.5.15 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 19, 2020 —incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2020.*
10.5.16 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 19, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2020.*
10.5.17 The Coca-Cola Company 2014 Equity Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 10, 2020.*
10.5.18 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2021. *
10.5.19 Form of Performance Share (Emerging Stronger) Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2021 .*
10.5.20 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2021 .*
10.5.21 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 17, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2021 .*
10.5.22 The Coca-Cola Company 2014 Equity Plan, as amended and restated as of February 16, 2022 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 1, 2022.*
10.5.23 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 16, 2022 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2022.*
10.5.24 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 16, 2022 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2022.*
10.5.25 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 16, 2022 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2022.*

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10.5.26 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2023 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.*
10.5.27 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2023 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.*
10.5.28 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 15, 2023 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.*
10.5.29 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 14, 2024 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.29 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.5.30 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 14, 2024 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.5.31 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2014 Equity Plan, as adopted February 14, 2024 — incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5.31 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.5.32 Supplemental Award Notification — 2022 and 2023 Performance Share Units under the 2014 Equity Plan — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2024.*
10.5.33 Supplemental Award Notification — 2022 and 2023 Restricted Stock Units under the 2014 Equity Plan — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 21, 2024.*
10.6 The Coca-Cola Company 2024 Equity Plan (the “2024 Equity Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2024.*
10.6.1 Form of Performance Share Agreement for grants under the 2024 Equity Plan, as adopted May 1, 2024 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2024.*
10.6.2 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for grants under the 2024 Equity Plan, as adopted May 1, 2024 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2024.*
10.6.3 Form of Stock Option Agreement for grants under the 2024 Equity Plan, as adopted May 1, 2024 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2024.*
10.7 The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental Pension Plan, amended and restated effective January 1, 2010 (the “Supplemental Pension Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.*
10.7.1 Amendment One to the Supplemental Pension Plan, effective December 31, 2012, dated December 6, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.*
10.7.2 Amendment Two to the Supplemental Pension Plan, effective April 1, 2013, dated March 19, 2013 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2013.*
10.7.3 Amendment Three to the Supplemental Pension Plan, effective January 1, 2010, dated June 15, 2015 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.*
10.7.4 Amendment Four to the Supplemental Pension Plan, effective June 1, 2017, dated June 29, 2017 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.*
10.7.5 Amendment Five to the Supplemental Pension Plan, dated March 23, 2018 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.7.6 Amendment Six to the Supplemental Pension Plan, dated December 9, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.*
10.7.7 Amendment Seven to the Supplemental Pension Plan, dated June 15, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 1, 2022.*

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10.7.8 Amendment Eight to the Supplemental Pension Plan, dated August 9, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.*
10.7.9 Amendment Nine to the Supplemental Pension Plan, dated December 7, 2023 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.8 The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental 401(k) Plan (f/k/a the Supplemental Thrift Plan of the Company), amended and restated effective January 1, 2012, dated December 17, 2011 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.*
10.8.1 Amendment One to The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental 401(k) Plan, dated March 23, 2018 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.8.2 Amendment Two to The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental 401(k) Plan, dated December 9, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.*
10.8.3 Amendment Three to The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental 401(k) Plan, dated August 9, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.*
10.8.4 Amendment Four to The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental 401(k) Plan, dated December 7, 2023 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.9 The Coca-Cola Company Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, effective January 1, 2012 (the “Supplemental Cash Balance Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.*
10.9.1 Amendment One to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated December 6, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.*
10.9.2 Amendment Two to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated June 15, 2015 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 2015.*
10.9.3 Amendment Three to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated March 23, 2018 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.9.4 Amendment Four to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated December 9, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.*
10.9.5 Amendment Five to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated June 15, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 1, 2022.*
10.9.6 Amendment Six to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated August 9, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.*
10.9.7 Amendment Seven to the Supplemental Cash Balance Plan, dated December 7, 2023 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.*
10.10 The Coca-Cola Company Directors’ Plan, amended and restated on December 13, 2012, effective January 1, 2013 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.*
10.10.1 The Coca-Cola Company Directors’ Plan, amended and restated on February 21, 2019, effective April 24, 2019 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2019.*
10.10.2 The Coca-Cola Company Directors’ Plan, amended and restated on October 17, 2019, effective January 1, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.*
1 0.10.3 T he Coca-Cola Company D irectors ’ Plan, as amended and restated , effective June 1, 2025 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10- Q for the quarter ended June 27, 2025 .*
10.11 Deferred Compensation Plan of the Company, as amended and restated January 1, 2024 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2024.*

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10.12 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation Employee Share Plan, effective as of March 13, 2002 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002.*
10.13 The Coca-Cola Company Benefits Plan for Members of the Board of Directors, as amended and restated through April 14, 2004 (the “Benefits Plan for Members of the Board of Directors”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.*
10.13.1 Amendment Number One to the Benefits Plan for Members of the Board of Directors, dated December 16, 2005 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.31.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.*
10.14 The Coca-Cola Company Severance Pay Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2025 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 28, 2025*
10.15 Order Instituting Cease-and-Desist Proceedings, Making Findings and Imposing a Cease-and-Desist Order Pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21C of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2005.
10.16 Offer of Settlement of The Coca-Cola Company — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2005.
10.17 Letter, dated July 17, 2008, to Muhtar Kent — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2008.*
10.17.1 Letter, dated April 27, 2017, from the Company to Muhtar Kent — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2017.*
10.18 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation Overseas Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, effective October 1, 2007 (the “TCCEC Overseas Retirement Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.*
10.18.1 Amendment Number One to the TCCEC Overseas Retirement Plan, dated September 29, 2011 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.34.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.*
10.18.2 Amendment Number Two to the TCCEC Overseas Retirement Plan, dated November 14, 2011 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.34.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.*
10.18.3 Amendment Number Three to the TCCEC Overseas Retirement Plan, dated September 27, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2012.*
10.18.4 Amendment Number Four to the TCCEC Overseas Retirement Plan, dated November 18, 2014 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.*
10.19 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation International Thrift Plan, as amended and restated, effective January 1, 2011 (the “TCCEC Thrift Plan”) — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 1, 2011.*
10.19.1 Amendment Number One to the TCCEC Thrift Plan, dated September 20, 2011 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.*
10.19.2 Amendment Number Two to the TCCEC Thrift Plan, dated September 27, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28, 2012.*
10.20 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation Mobile Employees Retirement Plan, effective January 1, 2012 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.*
10.20.1 F irst Amendment to The Coca-Cola Export Corporation Mobile Employees Retirement Plan, effective January 1, 2012, dated November 17 , 2025.*
10.21 Letter, dated May 18, 2016, from the Company to Brian J. Smith — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 1, 2016.*
10.21.1 Letter, dated October 18, 2018, from the Company to Brian J. Smith — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2018.*
10.21.2 Letter, dated July 21, 2022, from the Company to Brian J. Smith — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2022.*

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10.22 Letter, dated September 11, 2012, from the Company to Nathan Kalumbu — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 14, 2012.*
10.23 Letter, dated April 24, 2014, from the Company to Kathy N. Waller — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 25, 2014.*
10.23.1 Letter, dated March 22, 2017, from the Company to Kathy N. Waller — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2017.*
10.23.2 Letter, dated October 17, 2018, from the Company to Kathy N. Waller — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2018.*
10.24 Letter, dated February 19, 2015, from the Company to Ed Hays — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2015.*
10.25 Letter, dated August 12, 2015, from the Company to James Quincey — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 13, 2015.*
10.25.1 Letter, dated April 27, 2017, from the Company to James Quincey — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2017.*
10.26 Letter, dated May 18, 2016, from the Company to Mario Alfredo Rivera Garcia — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 1, 2016.*
10.26.1 Separation Agreement and Full and Complete Release and Agreement on Trade Secrets and Confidentiality between The Coca-Cola Company and Alfredo Rivera, dated August 20, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2022.*
10.27 Letter, dated October 19, 2016, from the Company to Barry Simpson — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.*
10.27.1 Separation Agreement and Full and Complete Release and Agreement on Trade Secrets and Confidentiality between The Coca-Cola Company and Barry Simpson, dated September 7, 2022 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.*
10.28 Letter, dated October 26, 2016, from the Company to John Murphy — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.*
10.28.1 Letter, dated October 18, 2018, from the Company to John Murphy — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 18, 2018.*
10.28.2 Letter, dated July 21, 2022, from the Company to John Murphy — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2022.*
10.29 Letter, dated March 22, 2017, from the Company to Francisco Xavier Crespo Benitez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.29.1 Deferred Cash Agreement, dated December 7, 2016, between Servicios Integrados de Administracion y Alta Gerencia, Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada de Capital Variable and Francisco Xavier Crespo Benitez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.47.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.*
10.29.2 Letter, dated June 5, 2017, from the Company to Francisco Xavier Crespo Benitez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.*
10.29.3 Letter, dated February 14, 2018, from the Company to Francisco Xavier Crespo Benitez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 30, 2018.*
10.29.4 Letter, dated November 18, 2019, from the Company to Francisco Xavier Crespo Benitez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.40.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.*
10.30 Letter, dated March 22, 2017, from the Company to Beatriz R. Perez — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.31 Letter, dated March 22, 2017, from the Company to Jennifer K. Mann — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*
10.31.1 Letter, dated December 11, 2019, from the Company to Jennifer K. Mann — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.42.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.*
10.31.2 Letter, dated August 18, 2022, from the Company to Jennifer Mann — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.*
10.32 Letter, dated March 24, 2017, from the Company to Robert E. Long — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*

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10.33 Letter, dated April 27, 2017, from the Company to Mark Randazza — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 28, 2017.*
10.34 Letter, dated October 23, 2017, from the Company to James Dinkins — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.*
10.34.1 Separation Agreement and Full and Complete Release and Agreement on Competition, Trade Secrets and Confidentiality between The Coca-Cola Company and James Dinkins, dated August 20, 2020 — incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 24, 2020.*
10.35 Letter, dated October 17, 2018, from the Company to Manuel Arroyo — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.*
10.36 Letter, dated October 17, 2018, from the Company to Nikolaos Koumettis, as further supplemented by Letter, dated February 1, 2019 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.*
10.37 Letter, dated October 18, 2018, from the Company to Nancy Quan — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.*
10.38 Letter, dated February 14, 2019, from the Company to Lisa Chang — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2019.*
10.39 Letter, dated February 19, 2020, from the Company to Kathy Loveless — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 27, 2020.*
10.40 Letter, dated July 15, 2020, from the Company to Bradley Gayton — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 25, 2020.*
10.40.1 Consulting Agreement between The Coca-Cola Company and Bradley Gayton, dated April 20, 2021 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2021.*
10.41 Letter, dated September 14, 2020, from the Company to Henrique Braun — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 25, 2020.*
10.41.1 Letter, dated December 13, 2022, from the Company to Henrique Braun — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.40.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.*
10.41.2 Letter, dated December 11, 2024, from the Company to Henrique Braun — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2024.*
10.42 Letter, dated April 23, 2021, from the Company to Monica Howard Douglas — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 2, 2021.*
10.43 Letter, dated December 14, 2022, from the Company to Bruno Pietracci — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.*
10.44 Letter, dated April 1, 2023, from the Company to Erin “Ellie” May — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.*
10.44.1 Letter, dated May 1, 2024, from the Company to Erin “Ellie” May — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2024.*
10.45 Letter, dated July 17, 2025, from the Company to Luisa Ortega — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending September 26, 2025.*
19 The Coca-Cola Company Global Insider Trading Compliance Policy.
21.1 List of subsidiaries of the Company as of December 31, 202 5 .
23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
24.1 Powers of Attorney of Officers and Directors signing this report.
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification, executed by James Quincey, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of The Coca-Cola Company.
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification, executed by John Murphy, President and Chief Financial Officer of The Coca-Cola Company.
32.1 Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350), executed by James Quincey, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of The Coca-Cola Company, and by John Murphy, President and Chief Financial Officer of The Coca-Cola Company.
97 The Coca-Cola Company Incentive Based Compensation Recoupment Policy — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 97 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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101 The following financial information from The Coca-Cola Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023; (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023; (v) Consolidated Statements of Shareowners’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the iXBRL document).

*Management contracts and compensatory plans and arrangements required to be filed as exhibits pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.
ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY
(Registrant)
By: /s/ JAMES QUINCEY
James Quincey Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer
Date: February 20, 2026

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ JAMES QUINCEY /s/ JOHN MURPHY
James Quincey Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) John Murphy President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026
/s/ ERIN L. MAY
Erin L. May Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
February 20, 2026
* *
Herb Allen Director Christopher C. Davis Director
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026
* *
Bela Bajaria Director Carolyn Everson Director
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026
* *
Ana Botín Director Thomas S. Gayner Director
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026

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* *
Maria Elena Lagomasino Director Caroline J. Tsay Director
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026
* *
Max Levchin Director David B. Weinberg Director
February 20, 2026 February 20, 2026
*
Amity Millhiser Director
February 20, 2026

*By: /s/ JENNIFER D. MANNING
Jennifer D. Manning Attorney-in-fact
February 20, 2026

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