Document: SEC Filing

Company: Bank of America Corp.
Ticker: BAC
CIK: 70858
Form Type: 10-Q
Filing Date: 2025-07-31
Accession Number: 0000070858-25-000268
Source: 10-Q_2025-07-31_0000070858-25-000268.txt

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q

(Mark One)
☑

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended
June 30, 2025

or
☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to
Commission file number:
1-6523

Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter:
Bank of America Corporation

State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization:
Delaware

IRS Employer Identification No.:
56-0906609

Address of principal executive offices:
Bank of America Corporate Center
100 N. Tryon Street

Charlotte
,
North Carolina

28255

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(
704
) 
386-5681

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share BAC New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share BAC PrE New York Stock Exchange
of Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share BAC PrB New York Stock Exchange
of 6.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share BAC PrK New York Stock Exchange
of 5.875% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series HH
7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L BAC PrL New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share BML PrG New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 1

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share BML PrH New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 2
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share BML PrJ New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 4
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,200th interest in a share BML PrL New York Stock Exchange
of Bank of America Corporation Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series 5
Floating Rate Preferred Hybrid Income Term Securities of BAC Capital BAC/PF New York Stock Exchange
Trust XIII (and the guarantee related thereto)
5.63% Fixed to Floating Rate Preferred Hybrid Income Term Securities BAC/PG New York Stock Exchange
of BAC Capital Trust XIV (and the guarantee related thereto)
Income Capital Obligation Notes initially due December 15, 2066 of MER PrK New York Stock Exchange
Bank of America Corporation
Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series A, Step Up Callable Notes, due BAC/31B New York Stock Exchange
November 28, 2031 of BofA Finance LLC (and the guarantee
of the Registrant with respect thereto)
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of BAC PrM New York Stock Exchange
5.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series KK
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share BAC PrN New York Stock Exchange
of 5.000% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of BAC PrO New York Stock Exchange
4.375% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series NN
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of BAC PrP New York Stock Exchange
4.125% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series PP
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of BAC PrQ New York Stock Exchange
4.250% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series QQ
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share BAC PrS New York Stock Exchange
of 4.750% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series SS

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes

☑

No
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes

☑

No
☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

                                         Emerging growth company
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes
☐

No
☑

On July 30, 2025, there were
7,406,947,312
shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
June 30, 2025
Form 10-Q
INDEX
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements Page
Consolidated Statement of Income 48
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 48
Consolidated Balance Sheet 49
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 50
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 51
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 52
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles 52
Note 2 – Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income 53
Note 3 – Derivatives 54
Note 4 – Securities 61
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses 64
Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities 75
Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets 80
Note 8 – Leases 80
Note 9 – Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash 81
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies 82
Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity 85
Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 86
Note 13 – Earnings Per Common Share 87
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements 87
Note 15 – Fair Value Option 94
Note 16 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments 96
Note 17 – Business Segment Information 97
Glossary 101
Acronyms 103

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Executive Summary 3
Recent Developments 3
Financial Highlights 4
Supplemental Financial Data 7
Business Segment Operations 11
Consumer Banking 11
Global Wealth & Investment Management 13
Global Banking 15
Global Markets 17
All Other 19
Managing Risk 20
Capital Management 20
Liquidity Risk 25
Credit Risk Management 28
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management 28
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management 33
Non-U.S. Portfolio 39
Allowance for Credit Losses 40
Market Risk Management 42
Trading Risk Management 42
Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book 44
Mortgage Banking Risk Management 46
Climate Ris k 46
Complex Accounting Estimates 46
Non-GAAP Reconciliations 47
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 47
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 47

1 Bank of America

Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 104
Item 1A. Risk Factors 104
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 104
Item 5. Other Information 104
Item 6. Exhibits 105
Signature 105

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Bank of America Corporation (the Corporation) and its management may make certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipates,” “targets,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “outlook,” “believes,” “continue” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements represent the Corporation’s current expectations, plans or forecasts of its future results, revenues, liquidity, net interest income, provision for credit losses, expenses, efficiency ratio, capital measures, strategy, deposits, assets, and future business and economic conditions more generally, and other future matters. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties more fully discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Corporation’s subsequent U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings: the Corporation’s potential judgments, orders, settlements, penalties, fines and reputational damage, which are inherently difficult to predict, resulting from pending, threatened or future litigation and regulatory investigations, proceedings and enforcement actions, which the Corporation is subject to in the ordinary course of business, including matters related to our processing of unemployment benefits for California and certain other states, the
features of our automatic credit card payment service,

the adequacy of the Corporation’s anti-money laundering and economic sanctions programs and the processing of electronic payments, including through the Zelle network, and related fraud, which are in various stages; in connection with ongoing litigation, the impact of certain changes to Visa’s and Mastercard’s respective card payment network rules and reductions in interchange fees for U.S.-based merchants; the possibility that the Corporation's future liabilities may be in excess of its recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation, and regulatory and government actions; the Corporation's ability to resolve representations and warranties repurchase and related claims; the impact of U.S. and global interest rates (including the potential for ongoing fluctuations in interest rates), inflation, currency exchange rates, economic conditions, trade policies and tensions, including changes in, or the imposition of, tariffs and/or trade barriers and the economic impacts, volatility and uncertainty resulting therefrom, which may have varying effects across industries and geographies, and geopolitical instability; the
risks related to the discontinuation of reference rates, including increased expenses and litigation and the effectiveness of hedging strategies; uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, and related stresses on financial markets, currencies and trade, and the Corporation’s exposures to such risks, including direct, indirect and operational; the impact of the interest rate, inflationary, macroeconomic, banking and regulatory environment on the Corporation’s assets, business, financial condition and results of operations; the impact of adverse developments affecting the U.S. or global banking industry, including bank failures and liquidity concerns, resulting in worsening economic and market volatility, and regulatory responses thereto; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected due to changes in economic assumptions, which may include unemployment rates, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels and corporate bond spreads, customer behavior, adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties,
including the impact of trade policies, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on economic conditions and our business; potential losses related to the Corporation’s concentration of credi
t risk; the Corporation’s ability to achieve its expense targets and expectations regarding revenue, net interest income, provision for credit losses, net charge-offs, effective tax rate, loan growth or other projections;
variances to the underlying assumptions and judgments used in estimating banking book net interest income sensitivity;

adverse changes to the Corporation’s credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies; an inability to access capital markets or maintain deposits or borrowing costs; estimates of the fair value and other accounting values, subject to impairment assessments, of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities; the estimated or actual impact of changes in accounting standards or assumptions in applying those standards; uncertainty regarding the content, timing and impact of regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; the impact of adverse changes to total loss-absorbing capacity requirements, stress capital buffer requirements and/or global systemically important bank surcharges; the potential impact of actions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on the Corporation’s capital plans; the effect of changes in or interpretations of income tax laws and regulations, including impacts from the 2025 budget reconciliation legislation; the impact of implementation and compliance with U.S. and international laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations, including recovery and resolution planning requirements, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments, the Volcker Rule, fiduciary standards, derivatives regulations and potential changes to loss allocations between financial institutions and customers, including for losses incurred from the use of our products and services, including electronic payments and payment of checks, that were authorized by the customer but induced by fraud; the impact of failures or disruptions in or breaches of the
Bank of America 2

Corporation’s operations or information systems, or those of various third parties, including regulators and federal and state governments, such as from cybersecurity incidents; the risks related to the development, implementation, use and management of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning; the risks related to the transition and physical impacts of climate change; our ability to achieve environmental goals or the impact of any changes in the Corporation’s sustainability or human capital management strategy or goals; the impact of uncertain or changing political conditions or any future federal government shutdown and uncertainty regarding the federal government’s debt limit or changes in fiscal, monetary, trade or regulatory policy;
the emergence of widespread health emergencies or pandemics; the impact of natural disasters, extreme weather events, military conflicts (including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the conflicts in the Middle East, the possible expansion of such conflicts and potential geopolitical consequences), terrorism or other geopolitical events;
and other matters.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation. Throughout the MD&A, the Corporation uses certain acronyms and abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary.
Executive Summary
Business Overview
The Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “Bank of America,” “the Corporation,” “we,” “us” and “our” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. Our principal executive offices are located in Charlotte, North Carolina. Through our various bank and nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments:
Consumer Banking
,
Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM)
,
Global Banking
and
Global Markets
, with the remaining operations recorded in
All Other
. We operate our banking activities primarily under the Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA) charter. At June 30, 2025, the Corporation had $3.4 trillion in assets and a headcount of approximately 213,000 employees. As of June 30, 2025, we served clients through operations across the U.S., its territories and more than 35 countries. Our retail banking footprint covers all major markets in the U.S., and we serve approximately 69 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 3,700 retail financial centers, approximately 15,000 automated teller machines (ATMs), and leading digital banking platforms (www.bankofamerica.com) with approximately 49 million active users, including approximately 41 million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately four million small business households. Our
GWIM
businesses, with client balances of $4.4 trillion, provide tailored solutions to meet client needs through a full set of investment management,
brokerage, banking, trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world.
The Corporation’s website is www.bankofamerica.com, and the Investor Relations portion of our website is https://investor.bankofamerica.com. We use our website to distribute company information, including as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. We routinely post and make accessible financial and other information regarding the Corporation on our website. Investors should monitor our website, including the Investor Relations portion, in addition to our press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls and webcasts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph is not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent Developments
Changes in Tax Law
On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted Public Law 119-21 (budget reconciliation legislation), which contains a number of tax-related as well as other legislative provisions. The tax changes include the eventual phase out of certain renewable energy tax credit programs and changes in U.S. taxation of non-U.S. income. The changes to the renewable energy programs do not impact the tax credits applicable to the Corporation’s existing renewable energy equity investments. See
Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities
for more information on these investments
.
The Corporation continues to evaluate the various tax-related provisions but does not expect them to have a significant impact on its results of operations.
On June 28, 2025, the Group of Seven Countries reached an agreement that would exempt U.S. corporations from certain parts of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Pillar II – Minimum Tax Framework (OECD Pillar II), which is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation’s results of operations. Further discussion and facilitation are expected among countries adopting OECD Pillar II.
Capital Management
On June 27, 2025, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve) announced the results of the 2025 Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) supervisory stress tests. Based on the results, under the current regulatory framework, our stress capital buffer (SCB) is expected to be 2.5 percent, and our Common equity tier 1 (CET1) minimum requirement is expected to be 10.0 percent, effective October 1, 2025. This requirement and its effective date may differ slightly if the Federal Reserve’s recent notice of proposed rulemaking (NPR) on SCB is finalized and applied to 2025 supervisory stress tests. For more information, see Capital Management – Regulatory Developments on page 24.
On July 23, 2025, the Board of Directors (Board) declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.28 per share, an increase of eight percent compared to the prior dividend. The dividend is payable on September 26, 2025 to shareholders of record as of September 5, 2025.
For more information on our capital resources and regulatory developments, see Capital Management beginning on page 20.
3 Bank of America

Financial Highlights
Table 1 Summary Income Statement and Selected Financial Data
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions, except per share information) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Income statement
Net interest income $ 14,670 $ 13,702 $ 29,113 $ 27,734
Noninterest income 11,793 11,675 24,716 23,461
Total revenue, net of interest expense 26,463 25,377 53,829 51,195
Provision for credit losses 1,592 1,508 3,072 2,827
Noninterest expense 17,183 16,309 34,953 33,546
Income before income taxes 7,688 7,560 15,804 14,822
Income tax expense 572 663 1,292 1,251
Net income 7,116 6,897 14,512 13,571
Preferred stock dividends and other 291 315 697 847
Net income applicable to common shareholders $ 6,825 $ 6,582 $ 13,815 $ 12,724
Per common share information
Earnings $ 0.90 $ 0.83 $ 1.81 $ 1.60
Diluted earnings 0.89 0.83 1.79 1.59
Dividends paid 0.26 0.24 0.52 0.48
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (1) 0.83 % 0.85 % 0.86 % 0.84 %
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1) 9.98 9.98 10.17 9.67
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (2) 13.40 13.57 13.67 13.15
Efficiency ratio (1) 64.93 64.26 64.93 65.53
June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Balance sheet
Total loans and leases $ 1,147,056 $ 1,095,835
Total assets 3,441,142 3,261,519
Total deposits 2,011,613 1,965,467
Total liabilities 3,141,543 2,965,960
Total common shareholders’ equity 276,104 272,400
Total shareholders’ equity 299,599 295,559

(1)
For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 102.
(2)
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 47.
Net income was $7.1 billion and $14.5 billion, or $0.89 and $1.79 per diluted share, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $6.9 billion and $13.6 billion, or $0.83 and $1.59 per diluted share, for the same periods in 2024. The increases in net income were primarily due to higher net interest income and noninterest income, partially offset by higher noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.
Total assets increased $179.6 billion from December 31, 2024 to $3.4 trillion primarily driven by higher securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and higher trading account assets to support
Global Markets
client activity, higher loans and leases primarily due to growth in commercial loans and residential mortgages, and higher debt securities due to reinvestment of excess cash from deposit inflows.
Total liabilities increased $175.6 billion from December 31, 2024 to $3.1 trillion primarily driven by higher securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase to support
Global Markets
client activity, higher deposits primarily due to
Global Banking
inflows, and long-term debt issuances.
Shareholders’ equity increased $4.0 billion from December 31, 2024 primarily due to net income, preferred stock issuances and market value increases on derivatives, partially offset by returns of capital to shareholders through common stock repurchases and common and preferred stock dividends, as well as preferred stock redemptions.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $968 million to $14.7 billion, and $1.4 billion to $29.1 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Net interest yield on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis increased one basis point (bp) to 1.94 percent and remained unchanged at 1.96 percent for the same periods. The increase in net interest income in the three-month period was primarily driven by fixed-asset repricing, higher net interest income related to
Global Markets
activity, and deposit and loan growth, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates. The increase in net interest income in the six-month period was primarily driven by lower deposit costs, higher net interest income related to
Global Markets
activity and fixed-rate asset repricing, partially offset by the impacts of lower interest rates and one less day of interest accrual. For more information on net interest yield and FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7, and for more information on interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.
Bank of America 4

Noninterest Income
Table 2 Noninterest Income
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fees and commissions:
Card income $ 1,646 $ 1,581 $ 3,164 $ 3,044
Service charges 1,615 1,507 3,176 2,949
Investment and brokerage services 4,780 4,320 9,593 8,507
Investment banking fees 1,428 1,561 2,951 3,129
Total fees and commissions 9,469 8,969 18,884 17,629
Market making and similar activities 3,153 3,298 6,737 7,186
Other income (loss) (829) (592) (905) (1,354)
Total noninterest income $ 11,793 $ 11,675 $ 24,716 $ 23,461

Noninterest income increased $118 million to $11.8 billion and $1.3 billion to $24.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The following highlights the significant changes.
●
    Service charges increased $108 million and $227 million primarily due to higher treasury service charges.
●
    Investment and brokerage services increased $460 million and $1.1 billion primarily driven by higher asset management fees from the impact of positive assets under management (AUM) flows and higher average equity market valuations, as well as higher brokerage fees due to increased transactional volume.
●
    Investment banking fees decreased $133 million for the three-month period primarily driven by lower debt issuance, advisory and equity issuance fees. The decrease of $178 million for the six-month period was primarily driven by lower equity issuance and advisory fees, partially offset by higher debt issuance fees.

●
    Market making and similar activities decreased $145 million for the three-month period primarily driven by lower income from foreign currency asset and liability management (ALM) risk management activities, partially offset by higher trading revenue from credit products in Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC). The decrease of $449 million for the six-month period was primarily driven by lower income from foreign currency ALM risk management activities and lower trading revenue from credit products in FICC.
●
    
Other income decreased $237 million for the three-month period primarily due to higher partnership losses on tax credit investments, certain negative valuation adjustments and lower
Global Markets
deal activity. The increase of $449 million for the six-month period was primarily due to gains on leveraged finance positions, partially offset by higher partnership losses on tax credit investments.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses increased $84 million to $1.6 billion and $245 million to $3.1 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The provision for credit losses for the current-year periods was primarily driven by the credit card portfolio, including an impact from a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by improved asset quality. The provision for credit losses for the prior-year periods was primarily driven by activity specific to credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio, partially offset by an improved macroeconomic outlook. For more information on the provision for credit losses, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.
5 Bank of America

Noninterest Expense
Table 3 Noninterest Expense
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Compensation and benefits $ 10,332 $ 9,826 $ 21,221 $ 20,021
Information processing and communications 1,819 1,763 3,713 3,563
Occupancy and equipment 1,836 1,818 3,692 3,629
Product delivery and transaction related 974 891 1,888 1,742
Professional fees 640 654 1,292 1,202
Marketing 563 487 1,069 942
Other general operating 1,019 870 2,078 2,447
Total noninterest expense $ 17,183 $ 16,309 $ 34,953 $ 33,546

Noninterest expense increased $874 million to $17.2 billion and $1.4 billion to $35.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily driven by continued investments in the business, including people, operations and technology, as
well as higher revenue-related expenses. Additionally, the prior-year six-month period included a $700 million accrual for the increase in the Corporation’s share of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) special assessment.
Income Tax Expense
Table 4 Income Tax Expense
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Income before income taxes $ 7,688 $ 7,560 $ 15,804 $ 14,822
Income tax expense 572 663 1,292 1,251
Effective tax rate 7.4 % 8.8 % 8.2 % 8.4 %

The effective tax rates (ETR) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were primarily driven by our recurring tax preference benefits, which mainly consisted of tax credits from investments in affordable housing and renewable energy, and to a lesser extent, discrete tax benefits applicable to the periods. Absent these credits and discrete items totaling $1.3 billion (17 percentage points) for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the adjusted ETR would have been
24 percent and 25 percent, respectively. Absent these credits and discrete items totaling $2.7 billion (17 percentage points) and $2.6 billion (17 percentage points) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the adjusted ETR would have been 25 percent and 26 percent, respectively. Adjusted ETR is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7.
Bank of America 6

Supplemental Financial Data
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we present certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items or otherwise include components that differ from the most directly comparable measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures are provided as additional useful information to assess our financial condition, results of operations (including period-to-period operating performance) or compliance with prospective regulatory requirements. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as a substitute for GAAP financial measures and may not be defined or calculated the same way as non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
When presented on a consolidated basis, we view net interest income on an FTE basis as a non-GAAP financial measure. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent and a representative state tax rate. Net interest yield, which measures the basis points we earn over the cost of funds, utilizes net interest income on an FTE basis. We believe that presentation of these items on an FTE basis allows for comparison of amounts from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practices.
We may present certain key performance indicators and ratios excluding certain items (e.g., debit valuation adjustment (DVA) gains (losses)), which result in non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that the presentation of measures that exclude these items is useful because such measures provide additional information to assess the underlying operational performance and trends of our businesses and to allow better comparison of period-to-period operating performance.
We may present an adjusted ETR to exclude the tax rate effects of certain tax credits and discrete tax items (adjusted ETR). We believe the presentation of adjusted ETR is useful because it provides additional information to assess the Corporation’s results of operations.
We also evaluate our business based on certain ratios that utilize tangible equity, a non-GAAP financial measure. Tangible equity represents shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill and intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)), net of related deferred tax liabilities (“adjusted” shareholders’ equity or common shareholders’ equity). These measures are used to
evaluate our use of equity. In addition, profitability, relationship and investment models use both return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity and return on average tangible shareholders’ equity as key measures to support our overall growth objectives. These ratios are:
●
    Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity measures our net income applicable to common shareholders as a percentage of adjusted average common shareholders’ equity. The tangible common equity ratio represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.
●
    Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity measures our net income as a percentage of adjusted average total shareholders’ equity. The tangible equity ratio represents adjusted ending shareholders’ equity divided by total tangible assets.
●
    Tangible book value per common share represents adjusted ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.
We believe ratios utilizing tangible equity provide additional useful information because they present measures of those assets that can generate income. Tangible book value per common share provides additional useful information about the level of tangible assets in relation to outstanding shares of common stock.
The aforementioned supplemental data and performance measures are presented in Table 5 on page 8.
For more information on the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the corresponding GAAP financial measures, see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 47.
Key Performance Indicators
We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators (key performance indicators) that management uses when assessing our consolidated and/or segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our underlying operational performance and trends. These key performance indicators (KPIs) may not be defined or calculated in the same way as similar KPIs used by other companies. For information on how these metrics are defined, see Key Metrics on page 102.
Our consolidated key performance indicators, which include various equity and credit metrics, are presented in Table 1 on page 4, and Table 5 on page 8.
For information on key segment performance metrics, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.
7 Bank of America

Table 5 Selected Financial Data
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 Quarters 2024 Quarters
(In millions, except per share information) Second First Fourth Third Second 2025 2024
Income statement
Net interest income $ 14,670 $ 14,443 $ 14,359 $ 13,967 $ 13,702 $ 29,113 $ 27,734
Noninterest income 11,793 12,923 10,988 11,378 11,675 24,716 23,461
Total revenue, net of interest expense 26,463 27,366 25,347 25,345 25,377 53,829 51,195
Provision for credit losses 1,592 1,480 1,452 1,542 1,508 3,072 2,827
Noninterest expense 17,183 17,770 16,787 16,479 16,309 34,953 33,546
Income before income taxes 7,688 8,116 7,108 7,324 7,560 15,804 14,822
Income tax expense 572 720 443 428 663 1,292 1,251
Net income 7,116 7,396 6,665 6,896 6,897 14,512 13,571
Net income applicable to common shareholders 6,825 6,990 6,399 6,380 6,582 13,815 12,724
Average common shares issued and outstanding 7,581.2 7,677.9 7,738.4 7,818.0 7,897.9 7,629.5 7,933.3
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding 7,651.6 7,770.8 7,843.7 7,902.1 7,960.9 7,711.2 7,996.2
Performance ratios
Return on average assets (1) 0.83 % 0.89 % 0.80 % 0.83 % 0.85 % 0.86 % 0.84 %
Four-quarter trailing return on average assets (2) 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.72 0.76 n/a n/a
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1) 9.98 10.36 9.37 9.44 9.98 10.17 9.67
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (3) 13.40 13.94 12.63 12.76 13.57 13.67 13.15
Return on average shareholders’ equity (1) 9.61 10.14 8.98 9.30 9.45 9.87 9.32
Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (3) 12.58 13.29 11.78 12.20 12.42 12.93 12.25
Total ending equity to total ending assets 8.71 8.82 9.06 8.92 9.02 8.71 9.02
Common equity ratio (1) 8.02 8.21 8.35 8.18 8.21 8.02 8.21
Total average equity to total average assets 8.65 8.83 8.89 8.95 8.96 8.74 8.98
Dividend payout (1) 28.71 28.51 31.29 31.70 28.66 28.61 29.84
Per common share data
Earnings $ 0.90 $ 0.91 $ 0.83 $ 0.82 $ 0.83 $ 1.81 $ 1.60
Diluted earnings 0.89 0.90 0.82 0.81 0.83 1.79 1.59
Dividends paid 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.52 0.48
Book value (1) 37.13 36.39 35.79 35.37 34.39 37.13 34.39
Tangible book value (3) 27.71 27.12 26.58 26.25 25.37 27.71 25.37
Market capitalization $ 351,904 $ 315,482 $ 334,497 $ 305,090 $ 309,202 $ 351,904 $ 309,202
Average balance sheet
Total loans and leases $ 1,128,453 $ 1,093,738 $ 1,081,009 $ 1,059,728 $ 1,051,472
Total assets 3,432,734 3,351,423 3,318,094 3,296,171 3,274,988
Total deposits 1,973,761 1,958,332 1,957,950 1,920,748 1,909,925
Long-term debt 249,104 241,036 238,988 247,338 243,689
Common shareholders’ equity 274,344 273,480 271,641 269,001 265,290
Total shareholders’ equity 296,917 295,787 295,134 294,985 293,403
Asset quality
Allowance for credit losses (4) $ 14,434 $ 14,366 $ 14,336 $ 14,351 $ 14,342
Nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties (5) 6,104 6,201 6,120 5,824 5,691
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding (5) 1.17 % 1.20 % 1.21 % 1.24 % 1.26 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases (5) 222 218 222 235 242
Net charge-offs $ 1,525 $ 1,452 $ 1,466 $ 1,534 $ 1,533
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding (5) 0.55 % 0.54 % 0.54 % 0.58 % 0.59 %
Capital ratios at period end (6)
Common equity tier 1 capital 11.5 % 11.8 % 11.9 % 11.8 % 11.9 %
Tier 1 capital 12.9 13.0 13.2 13.2 13.5
Total capital 14.8 15.0 15.1 14.9 15.1
Tier 1 leverage 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0
Supplementary leverage ratio 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.0
Tangible equity (3) 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.0
Tangible common equity (3) 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2
Total loss-absorbing capacity and long-term debt metrics
Total loss-absorbing capacity to risk-weighted assets 27.1 % 27.4 % 27.1 % 27.4 % 28.2 %
Total loss-absorbing capacity to supplementary leverage exposure 12.0 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.5
Eligible long-term debt to risk-weighted assets 13.5 13.6 13.0 13.3 13.7
Eligible long-term debt to supplementary leverage exposure 6.0 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.0

(1)
For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 102.
(2)
Calculated as total net income for four consecutive quarters divided by annualized average assets for four consecutive quarters.
(3)
Tangible equity ratios and tangible book value per share of common stock are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information on these ratios and corresponding reconciliations to GAAP financial measures, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7 and Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 47.
(4)
Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.
(5)
Balances and ratios do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. For additional exclusions from nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 33 and corresponding Table 25 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity on page 37 and corresponding Table 31.
(6)
For more information, including which approach is used to assess capital adequacy, see Capital Management on page 20.
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 8

Table 6 Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis
Average Balance Interest Income/ Expense (1) Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Income/ Expense (1) Yield/ Rate
(Dollars in millions) Second Quarter 2025 Second Quarter 2024
Earning assets
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks $ 274,839 $ 2,843 4.15 % $ 345,423 $ 4,498 5.24 %
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments 10,405 89 3.43 10,845 123 4.55
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell 353,331 4,094 4.65 318,380 5,159 6.52
Trading account assets 234,282 3,081 5.27 202,295 2,542 5.05
Debt securities 933,065 6,932 2.96 852,427 6,352 2.98
Loans and leases (2)
Residential mortgage 235,130 2,031 3.46 227,567 1,824 3.21
Home equity 26,190 379 5.80 25,529 405 6.38
Credit card 100,013 2,846 11.41 98,983 2,825 11.48
Direct/Indirect and other consumer 108,955 1,484 5.47 103,689 1,428 5.54
Total consumer 470,288 6,740 5.74 455,768 6,482 5.71
U.S. commercial 427,194 5,709 5.36 386,232 5,267 5.49
Non-U.S. commercial 149,044 2,016 5.42 123,094 2,170 7.09
Commercial real estate (3) 65,847 1,023 6.23 71,345 1,285 7.24
Commercial lease financing 16,080 214 5.33 15,033 196 5.22
Total commercial 658,165 8,962 5.46 595,704 8,918 6.02
Total loans and leases 1,128,453 15,702 5.58 1,051,472 15,400 5.89
Other earning assets 115,831 2,277 7.89 107,093 2,940 11.04
Total earning assets 3,050,206 35,018 4.60 2,887,935 37,014 5.15
Cash and due from banks 24,781 24,208
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses 357,747 362,845
Total assets $ 3,432,734 $ 3,274,988
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S. interest-bearing deposits
Demand and money market deposits $ 968,586 $ 4,719 1.95 % $ 941,109 $ 5,234 2.24 %
Time and savings deposits 369,446 3,018 3.28 348,689 3,331 3.84
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits 1,338,032 7,737 2.32 1,289,798 8,565 2.67
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits 121,921 944 3.11 106,496 1,090 4.12
Total interest-bearing deposits 1,459,953 8,681 2.38 1,396,294 9,655 2.78
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase 414,655 4,946 4.78 371,372 6,171 6.68
Short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities 183,008 2,489 5.45 152,742 2,899 7.64
Trading account liabilities 53,805 676 5.04 53,895 540 4.03
Long-term debt 249,104 3,411 5.49 243,689 3,887 6.40
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,360,525 20,203 3.43 2,217,992 23,152 4.20
Noninterest-bearing sources
Noninterest-bearing deposits 513,808 513,631
Other liabilities (4) 261,484 249,962
Shareholders’ equity 296,917 293,403
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 3,432,734 $ 3,274,988
Net interest spread 1.17 % 0.95 %
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources 0.77 0.98
Net interest income/yield on earning assets (5) $ 14,815 1.94 % $ 13,862 1.93 %

(1)
Includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.
(2)
Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.
(3)
Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $59.9 billion and $65.3 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.9 billion and $6.0 billion for the second quarter of 2025 and 2024.
(4)
Includes $58.8 billion and $46.6 billion of structured notes and liabilities for the second quarter of 2025 and 2024.
(5)
Net interest income includes FTE adjustments of $145 million and $160 million for the second quarter of 2025 and 2024.
9 Bank of America

Table 7 Year-to-Date Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis
Average Balance Interest Income/ Expense (1) Yield/ Rate Average Balance Interest Income/ Expense (1) Yield/ Rate
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Earning assets
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks $ 273,433 $ 5,653 4.17 % $ 345,943 $ 9,029 5.25 %
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments 9,806 181 3.72 10,286 239 4.67
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell 337,758 7,868 4.70 311,600 10,334 6.67
Trading account assets 232,867 6,115 5.29 202,377 5,024 4.99
Debt securities 928,432 13,718 2.96 847,455 12,514 2.95
Loans and leases (2)
Residential mortgage 231,902 3,947 3.41 227,658 3,627 3.19
Home equity 26,020 745 5.77 25,526 795 6.26
Credit card 100,092 5,684 11.45 99,399 5,611 11.35
Direct/Indirect and other consumer 107,907 2,916 5.45 103,529 2,827 5.49
Total consumer 465,921 13,292 5.74 456,112 12,860 5.66
U.S. commercial 419,530 11,136 5.35 382,898 10,503 5.52
Non-U.S. commercial 143,977 4,074 5.71 124,059 4,340 7.03
Commercial real estate (3) 65,800 2,043 6.26 71,666 2,596 7.28
Commercial lease financing 15,963 429 5.40 14,946 396 5.31
Total commercial 645,270 17,682 5.52 593,569 17,835 6.04
Total loans and leases 1,111,191 30,974 5.62 1,049,681 30,695 5.88
Other earning assets 115,268 4,720 8.26 106,915 5,622 10.57
Total earning assets 3,008,755 69,229 4.63 2,874,257 73,457 5.14
Cash and due from banks 24,244 24,197
Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses 359,304 362,617
Total assets $ 3,392,303 $ 3,261,071
Interest-bearing liabilities
U.S. interest-bearing deposits
Demand and money market deposits $ 967,637 $ 9,357 1.95 % $ 948,912 $ 10,246 2.17 %
Time and savings deposits 367,014 6,025 3.31 337,228 6,390 3.81
Total U.S. interest-bearing deposits 1,334,651 15,382 2.32 1,286,140 16,636 2.60
Non-U.S. interest-bearing deposits 119,341 1,931 3.26 105,434 2,157 4.11
Total interest-bearing deposits 1,453,992 17,313 2.40 1,391,574 18,793 2.72
Federal funds purchased, securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase 399,955 9,575 4.83 360,939 12,197 6.80
Short-term borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities 171,681 4,823 5.66 146,917 5,408 7.40
Trading account liabilities 53,741 1,383 5.19 52,826 1,086 4.14
Long-term debt 245,092 6,732 5.52 249,234 7,921 6.37
Total interest-bearing liabilities 2,324,461 39,826 3.45 2,201,490 45,405 4.15
Noninterest-bearing sources
Noninterest-bearing deposits 512,097 517,119
Other liabilities (4) 259,390 249,505
Shareholders’ equity 296,355 292,957
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 3,392,303 $ 3,261,071
Net interest spread 1.18 % 0.99 %
Impact of noninterest-bearing sources 0.78 0.97
Net interest income/yield on earning assets (5) $ 29,403 1.96 % $ 28,052 1.96 %

(1)
Includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.
(2)
Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.
(3)
Includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $59.9 billion and $65.8 billion, and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.9 billion and $5.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(4)
Includes $56.3 billion and $45.3 billion of structured notes and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(5)
Net interest income includes FTE adjustments of $290 million and $318 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Bank of America 10

Business Segment Operations
Segment Description and Basis of Presentation
We report our results of operations through four business segments:
Consumer Banking
,
GWIM
,
Global Banking
and
Global Markets
, with the remaining operations recorded in
All Other
. We manage our segments and report their results on an FTE basis. For more information, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We periodically review capital allocated to our businesses and allocate capital annually during the strategic and capital planning processes. We utilize a methodology that considers the effect of regulatory capital requirements in addition to internal risk-based capital models. The capital allocated to the business segments is referred to as allocated capital. Allocated equity in the reporting units is comprised of allocated capital plus capital
for the portion of goodwill and intangibles specifically assigned to the reporting unit. For more information, including the definition of a reporting unit, see
Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets
to the Consolidated Financial Statements
.
For more information on our presentation of financial information on an FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7, and for reconciliations to consolidated total revenue, net income and period-end total assets, see
Note 17 – Business Segment Information
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Key Performance Indicators
We present certain key financial and nonfinancial performance indicators that management uses when evaluating segment results. We believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our segments’ operational performance, client trends and business growth.
Consumer Banking
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Net interest income $ 8,726 $ 8,118 7 % $ 17,231 $ 16,315 6 %
Noninterest income:
Card income 1,415 1,361 4 2,712 2,633 3
Service charges 627 614 2 1,245 1,192 4
All other income 45 113 (60) 118 232 (49)
Total noninterest income 2,087 2,088 — 4,075 4,057 —
Total revenue, net of interest expense 10,813 10,206 6 21,306 20,372 5
Provision for credit losses 1,282 1,281 — 2,574 2,431 6
Noninterest expense 5,567 5,464 2 11,393 10,939 4
Income before income taxes 3,964 3,461 15 7,339 7,002 5
Income tax expense 991 866 14 1,835 1,751 5
Net income $ 2,973 $ 2,595 15 $ 5,504 $ 5,251 5
Effective tax rate 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 %
Net interest yield 3.51 3.29 3.49 3.30
Efficiency ratio 51.48 53.54 53.48 53.70
Return on average allocated capital 27 24 25 24
Balance Sheet
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Average 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 319,142 $ 312,254 2 % $ 317,101 $ 312,646 1 %
Total earning assets 996,193 992,304 — 994,233 993,931 —
Total assets 1,033,776 1,029,777 — 1,031,560 1,031,439 —
Total deposits 951,986 949,180 — 949,780 950,823 —
Allocated capital 44,000 43,250 2 44,000 43,250 2
Period end June 30 2025 December 31 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 320,908 $ 318,754 1 %
Total earning assets 999,094 995,369 —
Total assets 1,037,407 1,034,370 —
Total deposits 954,373 952,311 —

Consumer Banking
offers a diversified range of lending, deposit and investment products and services to consumers and small businesses. For more information about
Consumer Banking
, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Consumer Banking Results
Three-Month Comparison
Net income for
Consumer Bankin
g increased $378 million to $3.0 billion largely due to higher revenue, partially offset by
higher noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $608 million to $8.7 billion primarily driven by higher deposit spreads and loan balances. Noninterest income was $2.1 billion, largely unchanged from the same period a year ago.
The provision for credit losses was $1.3 billion, consistent with the same period a year ago. Noninterest expense increased $103 million to $5.6 billion primarily driven by investments in the business, including people and technology.
The return on average allocated capital was 27 percent, up from 24 percent, due to higher net income, partially offset by an
11 Bank of America

increase in allocated capital. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.
Average loans and leases increased $6.9 billion to $319.1 billion due to growth across all products.
Average deposits increased $2.8 billion to $952.0 billion primarily due to growth in time deposits of $18.4 billion and net inflows of $6.5 billion in checking, partially offset by net outflows of $21.9 billion in money market and other savings.
Six-Month Comparison
Net income for
Consumer Banking
increased $253 million to $5.5 billion due to higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense and provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $916 million to $17.2 billion primarily driven by higher deposit spreads and loan balances, partially offset by one less day of interest accrual. Noninterest income was $4.1 billion, largely unchanged from the same period a year ago.
The provision for credit losses increased $143 million to $2.6 billion. The current-year provision for credit losses was primarily driven by the credit card portfolio, including an impact from a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by improved asset quality. The provision for credit losses for the
prior-year period was primarily driven by activity specific to credit card loans. Noninterest expense increased $454 million to $11.4 billion primarily driven by investments in the business, including operations, people and technology.
The return on average allocated capital was 25 percent, up from 24 percent, due to higher net income, partially offset by an increase in allocated capital.
Average loans and leases increased $4.5 billion to $317.1 billion due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion.
Average deposits decreased
$1.0 billion
to $949.8 billion primarily due to net outflows of $21.7 billion in money market savings, partially offset by growth in time deposits of $19.9 billion.
Consumer investment assets increased $63.6 billion to $539.7 billion driven by higher market valuations and positive net client flows.
Key Statistics
The table below provides key performance indicators for deposit spreads, other period-end information, credit and debit card and loan production activities.
Key Statistics
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Deposit Spreads
Total deposit spreads (excludes noninterest costs) 2.91% 2.77% 2.88% 2.73%
Period end
Consumer investment assets (in millions) (1) $ 539,727 $ 476,116
Active digital banking users (in thousands) (2) 48,998 47,304
Active mobile banking users (in thousands) (3) 40,840 38,988
Financial centers 3,664 3,786
ATMs 14,904 14,972
Credit and Debit Card
Total credit card (4)
Gross interest yield (5) 12.06 % 12.32 % 12.09 % 12.28 %
Risk-adjusted margin (6) 7.07 6.75 6.88 6.78
New accounts (in thousands) 834 951 1,747 1,949
Purchase volumes $ 94,814 $ 93,296 $ 183,022 $ 180,307
Debit card purchase volumes 149,288 140,346 289,485 272,753
Loan Production (7)
Consumer Banking:
First mortgage $ 3,052 $ 2,696 $ 4,909 $ 4,384
Home equity 2,241 2,027 4,075 3,627
Total (8) :
First mortgage $ 6,604 $ 5,728 $ 11,112 $ 9,171
Home equity 2,766 2,393 4,980 4,284

(1)
Includes client brokerage assets, deposit sweep balances, brokered CDs and AUM in
Consumer Banking
.
(2)
Represents mobile and/or online active users over the past 90 days.
(3)
Represents mobile active users over the past 90 days.
(4)
Includes consumer credit card portfolios in
Consumer Banking
and
GWIM
.
(5)
Calculated as the effective annual percentage rate divided by average loans.
(6)
Calculated as the difference between total revenue, net of interest expense, and net charge-offs divided by average loans.
(7)
The loan production amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of loans and, in the case of home equity, the principal amount of the total line of credit.
(8)
In addition to loan production in
Consumer Banking
, there is also first mortgage and home equity loan production in
GWIM.
Bank of America 12

Active mobile banking users increased approximately two million, reflecting client growth and continuing changes in our clients’ banking preferences. We had a net decrease of 122 financial centers and 68 ATMs as we continued to optimize our consumer banking network.
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the total risk-adjusted margin increased 32 bps primarily driven by higher net interest margin and higher fee income. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the total risk-adjusted margin increased 10 bps primarily driven by higher net interest margin and fee income, partially offset by higher net charge-offs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, total credit card purchase volumes increased $1.5 billion and $2.7 billion, and
debit card purchase volumes increased $8.9 billion and $16.7 billion, reflecting higher levels of consumer spending.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, first mortgage loan originations for
Consumer Banking
increased $356 million and $525 million, and first mortgage loan originations for the total Corporation increased $876 million
and
$1.9 billion for the same periods, primarily driven by higher demand.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, home equity production in
Consumer Banking
increased $214 million and $448 million, and home equity production for the total Corporation increased $373 million and $696 million for the same periods, primarily driven by higher demand.
Global Wealth & Investment Management
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Net interest income $ 1,762 $ 1,693 4 % $ 3,527 $ 3,507 1 %
Noninterest income:
Investment and brokerage services 4,033 3,707 9 8,122 7,307 11
All other income 142 174 (18) 304 351 (13)
Total noninterest income 4,175 3,881 8 8,426 7,658 10
Total revenue, net of interest expense 5,937 5,574 7 11,953 11,165 7
Provision for credit losses 20 7 n/m 34 (6) n/m
Noninterest expense 4,593 4,199 9 9,252 8,463 9
Income before income taxes 1,324 1,368 (3) 2,667 2,708 (2)
Income tax expense 331 342 (3) 667 677 (1)
Net income $ 993 $ 1,026 (3) $ 2,000 $ 2,031 (2)
Effective tax rate 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 % 25.0 %
Net interest yield 2.31 2.15 2.28 2.19
Efficiency ratio 77.36 75.34 77.40 75.80
Return on average allocated capital 20 22 21 22
Balance Sheet
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Average 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 237,377 $ 222,776 7 % $ 234,866 $ 220,696 6 %
Total earning assets 306,490 317,250 (3) 311,660 322,471 (3)
Total assets 320,224 330,958 (3) 325,387 336,039 (3)
Total deposits 276,825 287,678 (4) 281,586 292,525 (4)
Allocated capital 19,750 18,500 7 19,750 18,500 7
Period end June 30 2025 December 31 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 241,142 $ 231,981 4 %
Total earning assets 305,793 323,496 (5)
Total assets 320,820 338,367 (5)
Total deposits 275,778 292,278 (6)

n/m = not meaningful
GWIM
consists of two primary businesses: Merrill Wealth Management and

Bank of America Private Bank. For more information on
GWIM
, see Business Segment Operations
in the
MD&A

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
Three-Month Comparison
Net income for
GWIM
decreased $33 million to $993 million primarily due to higher noninterest expense, largely offset by higher revenue. The operating margin was 22 percent compared to 25 percent a year ago.
Net interest income increased $69 million to $1.8 billion primarily driven by higher deposit spreads and loan growth.
Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $294 million to $4.2 billion. The increase was primarily driven by higher asset
management fees, which increased nine percent to $3.6 billion, due to the impacts of positive AUM flows and higher average equity market valuations.
Noninterest expense increased $394 million to $4.6 billion primarily due to higher revenue-related incentives and investments in the business, including people and technology.
The return on average allocated capital was 20 percent, down from 22 percent, primarily due to an increase in allocated capital.
For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see
Business Segment Operations
on page
11
.
Average loans increased $14.6 billion to $237.4 billion primarily driven by custom lending, securities-based lending and residential mortgage. Average deposits decreased $10.9 billion to $276.8 billion primarily driven by a higher level of client tax payments as well as clients moving deposits to higher yielding
13 Bank of America

investment cash alternatives, including offerings on our investment and brokerage platforms.
Merrill Wealth Management revenue of $4.9 billion increased seven percent primarily driven by higher asset management fees due to the impacts of positive AUM flows and higher average equity market valuations.
Bank of America Private Bank revenue of $995 million increased five percent primarily driven by higher net interest income from banking and lending balance growth, as well as higher asset management fees due to the impacts of positive AUM flows and higher average equity market valuations.
Six-Month Comparison
Net income for
GWIM
decreased $31 million to $2.0 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion. The operating margin was 22 percent compared to 24 percent a year ago.
Net interest income increased $20 million to $3.5 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Noninterest income, which primarily includes investment and brokerage services income, increased $768 million to $8.4 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Noninterest expense increased $789 million to $9.3 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
The return on average allocated capital was 21 percent, down from 22 percent, due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Average loans increased $14.2 billion to $234.9 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Average deposits decreased $10.9 billion to $281.6 billion due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Merrill Wealth Management revenue of $10.0 billion increased seven percent, and Bank of America Private Bank revenue of $2.0 billion increased five percent primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Key Indicators and Metrics
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue by Business
Merrill Wealth Management $ 4,942 $ 4,623 $ 9,961 $ 9,270
Bank of America Private Bank 995 951 1,992 1,895
Total revenue, net of interest expense $ 5,937 $ 5,574 $ 11,953 $ 11,165
Client Balances by Business, at period end
Merrill Wealth Management $ 3,695,213 $ 3,371,418
Bank of America Private Bank 700,018 640,467
Total client balances $ 4,395,231 $ 4,011,885
Client Balances by Type, at period end
Assets under management $ 1,986,523 $ 1,758,875
Brokerage and other assets 1,932,182 1,779,881
Deposits 275,778 281,283
Loans and leases (1) 243,409 227,657
Less: Managed deposits in assets under management (42,661) (35,811)
Total client balances $ 4,395,231 $ 4,011,885
Assets Under Management Rollforward
Assets under management, beginning of period $ 1,855,657 $ 1,730,005 $ 1,882,211 $ 1,617,740
Net client flows 14,314 10,790 38,271 35,445
Market valuation/other 116,552 18,080 66,041 105,690
Total assets under management, end of period $ 1,986,523 $ 1,758,875 $ 1,986,523 $ 1,758,875

(1)
Includes margin receivables, which are classified in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Client Balances
Client balances increased $383.3 billion, or 10 percent, to $4.4 trillion at June 30, 2025 compared to June 30, 2024. The increase in client balances was primarily due to the impact of higher market valuations and positive net client flows.
Bank of America 14

Global Banking
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Net interest income $ 3,081 $ 3,275 (6) % $ 6,232 $ 6,735 (7) %
Noninterest income:
Service charges 864 775 11 1,690 1,525 11
Investment banking fees 767 835 (8) 1,614 1,685 (4)
All other income 978 1,168 (16) 2,131 2,088 2
Total noninterest income 2,609 2,778 (6) 5,435 5,298 3
Total revenue, net of interest expense 5,690 6,053 (6) 11,667 12,033 (3)
Provision for credit losses 277 235 18 431 464 (7)
Noninterest expense 3,070 2,899 6 6,254 5,911 6
Income before income taxes 2,343 2,919 (20) 4,982 5,658 (12)
Income tax expense 644 803 (20) 1,370 1,556 (12)
Net income $ 1,699 $ 2,116 (20) $ 3,612 $ 4,102 (12)
Effective tax rate 27.5 % 27.5 % 27.5 % 27.5 %
Net interest yield 1.94 2.37 2.02 2.44
Efficiency ratio 53.97 47.88 53.61 49.12
Return on average allocated capital 13 17 14 17
Balance Sheet
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Average 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 387,864 $ 372,738 4 % $ 383,324 $ 373,173 3 %
Total earning assets 636,286 555,834 14 621,625 555,895 12
Total assets 703,874 624,189 13 689,180 623,631 11
Total deposits 603,410 525,357 15 589,375 525,528 12
Allocated capital 50,750 49,250 3 50,750 49,250 3
Period end June 30 2025 December 31 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 390,691 $ 379,473 3 %
Total earning assets 671,098 603,481 11
Total assets 739,759 670,905 10
Total deposits 643,529 578,159 11

Global Banking,
which includes Global Corporate Banking, Global Commercial Banking, Business Banking and Global Investment Banking, provides a wide range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions, and underwriting and advisory services through our network of global offices and client relationship teams. For more information about
Global Banking,
see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three-Month Comparison
Net income for
Global Banking
decreased $417 million to $1.7 billion primarily driven by lower revenue and higher noninterest expense.
Net interest income decreased $194 million to $3.1 billion primarily due to the impact of lower interest rates, partially offset by the benefit of higher average deposit and loan balances.
Noninterest income decreased $169 million to $2.6 billion primarily due to lower leasing-related revenue and investment banking fees, valuation adjustments related to fair value option loans and net losses on economic hedges of certain commercial loans, partially offset by higher treasury service charges.
The provision for credit losses increased $42 million to $277 million primarily driven by loan growth and a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by improvement within the commercial real estate office portfolio.
Noninterest expense increased $171 million to $3.1 billion primarily due to continued investments in the business, including technology and operations.
The return on average allocated capital was 13 percent, down from 17 percent, due to lower net income and an increase in allocated capital. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.
Six-Month Comparison
Net income for
Global Banking
decreased $490 million to $3.6 billion driven by lower revenue and higher noninterest expense, partially offset by lower provision for credit losses.
Net interest income decreased $503 million to $6.2 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Noninterest income increased $137 million to $5.4 billion primarily due to sales of certain leveraged finance positions and higher treasury service charges, partially offset by lower leasing-related revenue and investment banking fees.
The provision for credit losses decreased $33 million to $431 million primarily driven by improvement within the commercial real estate office portfolio.
15 Bank of America

Noninterest expense increased $343 million to $6.3 billion primarily due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
The return on average allocated capital was 14 percent, down from 17 percent, due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking
The following table and discussion present a summary of the results, which exclude certain investment banking and other activities in
Global Banking
.
Global Corporate, Global Commercial and Business Banking
Global Corporate Banking Global Commercial Banking Business Banking Total
Three Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue
Business Lending $ 987 $ 1,260 $ 1,161 $ 1,247 $ 55 $ 58 $ 2,203 $ 2,565
Global Transaction Services 1,270 1,261 1,018 938 361 362 2,649 2,561
Total revenue, net of interest expense $ 2,257 $ 2,521 $ 2,179 $ 2,185 $ 416 $ 420 $ 4,852 $ 5,126
Balance Sheet
Average
Total loans and leases $ 177,238 $ 162,283 $ 198,717 $ 197,906 $ 11,861 $ 12,439 $ 387,816 $ 372,628
Total deposits 344,529 287,350 206,546 186,975 52,334 51,032 603,409 525,357
Global Corporate Banking Global Commercial Banking Business Banking Total
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue
Business Lending $ 1,901 $ 2,325 $ 2,290 $ 2,527 $ 109 $ 117 $ 4,300 $ 4,969
Global Transaction Services 2,558 2,596 2,050 1,908 721 723 5,329 5,227
Total revenue, net of interest expense $ 4,459 $ 4,921 $ 4,340 $ 4,435 $ 830 $ 840 $ 9,629 $ 10,196
Balance Sheet
Average
Total loans and leases $ 174,179 $ 163,662 $ 197,254 $ 197,091 $ 11,820 $ 12,285 $ 383,253 $ 373,038
Total deposits 331,149 288,871 205,947 186,351 52,280 50,305 589,376 525,527
Period end
Year end
Total loans and leases $ 179,017 $ 162,276 $ 199,794 $ 197,546 $ 11,856 $ 12,467 $ 390,667 $ 372,289
Total deposits 370,575 283,248 219,468 187,766 53,483 51,509 643,526 522,523

Business Lending revenue decreased $362 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period a year ago primarily driven by lower net interest income and leasing-related revenue. Business Lending revenue decreased $669 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period a year ago primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Global Transaction Services revenue increased $88 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 primarily driven by the benefit of higher average deposit balances and treasury service charges, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates. Global Transaction Services revenue increased $102 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Average loans and leases of $388 billion increased four percent for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and average loans and leases of $383 billion increased three percent for the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to client demand.
Average deposits of $603 billion increased 15 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and average deposits of $589 billion increased 12 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to growth in deposit balances from new and existing clients.
Global Investment Banking
Client teams and product specialists underwrite and distribute debt, equity and loan products, and provide advisory services and tailored risk management solutions. The economics of certain investment banking and underwriting activities are shared primarily between
Global Banking
and
Global Markets
under an internal revenue-sharing arrangement.
Global Banking
originates certain deal-related transactions with our corporate and commercial clients that are executed and distributed by
Global Markets
. To provide a complete discussion of our consolidated investment banking fees, the following table presents total Corporation investment banking fees and the portion attributable to
Global Banking.
Bank of America 16

Investment Banking Fees
Global Banking Total Corporation Global Banking Total Corporation
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Products
Advisory $ 291 $ 322 $ 333 $ 374 $ 630 $ 639 $ 717 $ 747
Debt issuance 346 363 837 880 755 746 1,779 1,765
Equity issuance 130 150 328 357 229 300 600 720
Gross investment banking fees 767 835 1,498 1,611 1,614 1,685 3,096 3,232
Self-led deals (22) (5) (70) (50) (50) (18) (145) (103)
Total investment banking fees $ 745 $ 830 $ 1,428 $ 1,561 $ 1,564 $ 1,667 $ 2,951 $ 3,129

Total Corporation investment banking fees, which exclude self-led deals and are primarily included within
Global Banking
and
Global Markets
, were $1.4 billion and $3.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The three-month period decreased nine percent compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to lower debt issuance, advisory and equity issuance fees. The six-month period decreased six percent compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to lower equity issuance and advisory fees, partially offset by higher debt issuance fees.
Global Markets
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Net interest income $ 1,267 $ 770 65 % $ 2,456 $ 1,451 69 %
Noninterest income:
Investment and brokerage services 642 516 24 1,269 1,011 26
Investment banking fees 666 719 (7) 1,347 1,427 (6)
Market making and similar activities 3,300 3,218 3 6,922 7,048 (2)
All other income 105 236 (56) 570 405 41
Total noninterest income 4,713 4,689 1 10,108 9,891 2
Total revenue, net of interest expense 5,980 5,459 10 12,564 11,342 11
Provision for credit losses 22 (13) n/m 50 (49) n/m
Noninterest expense 3,806 3,486 9 7,617 6,978 9
Income before income taxes 2,152 1,986 8 4,897 4,413 11
Income tax expense 624 576 8 1,420 1,280 11
Net income $ 1,528 $ 1,410 8 $ 3,477 $ 3,133 11
Effective tax rate 29.0 % 29.0 % 29.0 % 29.0 %
Efficiency ratio 63.63 63.83 60.62 61.52
Return on average allocated capital 13 13 14 14
Balance Sheet Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Average 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Trading-related assets:
Trading account securities $ 343,971 $ 321,204 7 % $ 345,273 $ 322,207 7 %
Reverse repurchases 169,064 139,901 21 156,405 136,991 14
Securities borrowed 146,889 139,705 5 141,872 137,278 3
Derivative assets 40,489 38,953 4 40,864 38,318 7
Total trading-related assets 700,413 639,763 9 684,414 634,794 8
Total loans and leases 176,368 135,106 31 168,043 134,431 25
Total earning assets 825,835 706,383 17 796,875 699,615 14
Total assets 1,023,011 908,525 13 996,323 901,952 10
Total deposits 38,040 31,944 19 38,423 32,265 19
Allocated capital 49,000 45,500 8 49,000 45,500 8
Period end June 30 2025 December 31 2024 % Change
Total trading-related assets $ 670,649 $ 580,557 16 %
Total loans and leases 187,357 157,450 19
Total earning assets 806,289 687,678 17
Total assets 1,017,649 876,605 16
Total deposits 38,232 38,848 (2)

n/m = not meaningful
17 Bank of America

Global Markets
offers sales and trading services and research services to institutional clients across fixed-income, credit, currency, commodity and equity businesses.
Global Markets
product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. For more information about
Global Markets
, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following explanations for period-over-period changes in results for
Global Markets
, including those disclosed under Sales and Trading Revenue, are the same for amounts including and excluding net DVA. Amounts excluding net DVA are a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7
.
Three-Month Comparison
Net income for
Global Markets
increased $118 million to $1.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Net DVA losses totaled $51 million

compared to losses of $1 million in 2024. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $156 million to $1.6 billion. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Revenue increased $521 million to $6.0 billion primarily due to higher sales and trading revenue. Sales and trading revenue increased $647 million, and excluding net DVA, increased $697 million. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue in FICC and Equities. For more information, see Sales and Trading Revenue in this section.
Noninterest expense increased $320 million to $3.8 billion primarily driven by higher revenue-related expenses and continued investments in the business, including people and technology.
Average total assets increased $114.5 billion to $1.0 trillion for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 driven by loan growth, higher levels of inventory and increased financing activity.
The return on average allocated capital was 13 percent, unchanged from the same period a year ago. For information on capital allocated to the business segments, see Business Segment Operations on page 11.
Six-Month Comparison
Net income for
Global Markets
increased $344 million to $3.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Net DVA losses were $32 million compared to losses of $86 million in 2024. Excluding net DVA, net income increased $303 million to $3.5 billion. These increases were primarily driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Revenue increased $1.2 billion to $12.6 billion primarily due to higher sales and trading revenue and sales of certain leveraged finance positions. Sales and trading revenue, including and excluding net DVA, increased $1.2 billion. These increases were driven by higher revenue in FICC and Equities. For more information, see Sales and Trading Revenue in this section.
Noninterest expense increased $639 million to $7.6 billion primarily driven by the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
Average total assets increased $94.4 billion to $996.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 driven by loan growth, higher levels of inventory and increased financing activity. Period-end total assets increased $141.0 billion from December 31, 2024 to $1.0 trillion driven by the same factors as average total assets.
The return on average allocated capital was 14 percent, unchanged from the same period a year ago.
Sales and Trading Revenue
For a description of sales and trading revenue, see Business Segment Operations in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following table and related discussion present sales and trading revenue, substantially all of which is in
Global Markets,
with the remainder in
Global Banking
. In addition, the following table and related discussion also present sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information on net DVA, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7.
Sales and Trading Revenue (1, 2, 3)
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Sales and trading revenue (2)
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities $ 3,193 $ 2,742 $ 6,671 $ 5,973
Equities 2,133 1,937 4,319 3,798
Total sales and trading revenue $ 5,326 $ 4,679 $ 10,990 $ 9,771
Sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA (4)
Fixed-income, currencies and commodities $ 3,247 $ 2,737 $ 6,710 $ 6,044
Equities 2,130 1,943 4,312 3,813
Total sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA $ 5,377 $ 4,680 $ 11,022 $ 9,857

(1)
For more information on sales and trading revenue, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)
Includes FTE adjustments of $214 million and $291 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $142 million and $291 million for the same periods in 2024.
(3)
Includes
Global Banking
sales and trading revenue of $212 million and $175 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $186 million and $330 million for the same periods in 2024.
(4)
FICC and Equities sales and trading revenue, excluding net DVA, is a non-GAAP financial measure. FICC net DVA gains (losses) were $(54) million and $(39) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $5 million and $(71) million for the same periods in 2024. Equities net DVA gains (losses) were $3 million and $7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared $(6) million and $(15) million for the same periods in 2024.
Bank of America 18

Three-Month Comparison
Including and excluding net DVA, FICC revenue increased $451 million and $510 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. These increases were driven by improved trading performance in macro products. Including and excluding net DVA, Equities revenue increased $196 million and $187 million driven by improved trading performance and increased client activity.
Six-Month Comparison
Including and excluding net DVA, FICC revenue increased $698 million and $666 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to the same factor as described in the three-month discussion. Including and excluding net DVA, Equities revenue increased $521 million and $499 million due to the same factors as described in the three-month discussion.
All Other
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Net interest income $ (21) $ 6 n/m $ (43) $ 44 n/m
Noninterest income (loss) (1,791) (1,761) 2 % (3,328) (3,443) (3) %
Total revenue, net of interest expense (1,812) (1,755) 3 (3,371) (3,399) (1)
Provision for credit losses (9) (2) n/m (17) (13) 31
Noninterest expense 147 261 (44) 437 1,255 (65)
Loss before income taxes (1,950) (2,014) (3) (3,791) (4,641) (18)
Income tax benefit (1,873) (1,764) 6 (3,710) (3,695) —
Net loss $ (77) $ (250) (69) $ (81) $ (946) (91)
Balance Sheet
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
Average 2025 2024 % Change 2025 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 7,702 $ 8,598 (10) % $ 7,857 $ 8,735 (10) %
Total assets (1) 351,849 381,539 (8) 349,853 368,010 (5)
Total deposits 103,500 115,766 (11) 106,925 107,552 (1)
Period end June 30 2025 December 31 2024 % Change
Total loans and leases $ 6,958 $ 8,177 (15) %
Total assets (1) 325,507 341,272 (5)
Total deposits 99,701 103,871 (4)

(1)
In segments where the total of liabilities and equity exceeds assets, which are generally deposit-taking segments, we allocate assets from
All Other
to those segments to match liabilities (i.e., deposits) and allocated shareholders’ equity. Average allocated assets were $979.6 billion and $977.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $941.7 billion and $949.8 billion for the same periods in 2024, and period-end allocated assets were $1.0 trillion and $978.4 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
n/m = not meaningful
All Other
primarily consists of ALM activities, liquidating businesses and certain expenses not otherwise allocated to a business segment. ALM activities encompass interest rate and foreign currency risk management activities for which substantially all of the results are allocated to our business segments. For more information on our ALM activities,
see
Note 17 – Business Segment Information

to the Consolidated Financial Statements
.
Three-Month Comparison
The net loss in
All Other
decreased $173 million to $77 million primarily due to lower noninterest expense.
Noninterest expense decreased $114 million to $147 million primarily due to lower expenses related to a liquidating business activity.
The income tax benefit was $1.9 billion, relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2024.
Six-Month Comparison
The net loss in
All Other
decreased $865 million to $81 million primarily due to lower noninterest expense.
Noninterest expense decreased $818 million to $437 million primarily due to a $700 million accrual recorded in the prior-year period for the increase in the Corporation’s estimated share of the FDIC special assessment and lower expenses related to a liquidating business activity.
The income tax benefit was $3.7 billion, relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2024.
19 Bank of America

Managing Risk
Risk is inherent in all our business activities. The seven key types of risk faced by the Corporation are strategic, credit, market, liquidity, compliance, operational and reputational. Sound risk management enables us to serve our customers and deliver for our shareholders. If not managed well, risk can result in financial loss, regulatory sanctions and penalties, and damage to our reputation, each of which may adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategies. We take a comprehensive approach to risk management with a defined Risk Framework and an articulated Risk Appetite Statement, which are approved annually by the Board’s Enterprise Risk Committee (ERC) and the Board.
Our Risk Framework serves as the foundation for the consistent and effective management of risks facing the Corporation. The Risk Framework sets forth roles and responsibilities for the management of risk and provides a blueprint for how the Board, through delegation of authority to committees and executive officers, establishes risk appetite and associated limits for our activities.
Our risk appetite provides a common framework that includes a set of measures to assist senior management and the Board in assessing the Corporation’s risk profile across all risk types against our risk appetite and risk capacity. Our risk appetite is formally articulated in the Risk Appetite Statement, which includes both qualitative statements and quantitative limits.
For more information on the Corporation’s risks, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks are being managed within our Risk Framework and supporting risk management programs. For more information on our Risk Framework, risk management activities and the key types of risk faced by the Corporation, see the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Capital Management
The Corporation manages its capital position so that its capital is more than adequate to support its business activities and aligns with risk, risk appetite and strategic planning. For more information, see Capital Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CCAR and Capital Planning
The Federal Reserve requires large BHCs to submit a capital plan and planned capital actions on an annual basis. We submitted our 2025 capital plan in April 2025 and received our results on June 27, 2025. Based on the results, under the current regulatory framework, our SCB is expected to be 2.5 percent, and our CET1 minimum requirement is expected to be 10.0 percent, effective October 1, 2025. The Federal Reserve is expected to provide the Corporation with its final SCB requirement by August 31, 2025. This requirement and its effective date may differ slightly if the Federal Reserve’s recent NPR on SCB is finalized and applied to 2025 supervisory stress tests. For more information, see Regulatory Developments in this section.
On July 24, 2024, the Board authorized a $25 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2024 (2024 Repurchase Program). Pursuant to this authorization, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, we repurchased $5.3 billion of common stock. For more information, see Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds on page 104 and Capital Management – CCAR and
Capital Planning in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The timing and amount of common stock repurchases are subject to various factors, including the Corporation’s capital position, liquidity, financial performance and alternative uses of capital, stock trading price, regulatory requirements and general market conditions, and may be suspended at any time. Such repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including repurchase plans that satisfy the conditions of Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act).
As part of our planned capital actions, during the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation paid common stock dividends of $2.0 billion.
On July 23, 2025, the Board declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.28 per share, an increase of eight percent compared to the prior dividend. The dividend is payable on September 26, 2025 to shareholders of record as of September 5, 2025. The Board also authorized a $40 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2025, to replace the 2024 Repurchase Program, which will expire on the same date.
On July 24, 2025, the Corporation issued 100,000 shares of 6.250% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series UU for $2.5 billion, with quarterly dividends commencing in October 2025. The Series UU preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share and is subject to certain restrictions in the event the Corporation fails to declare and pay full dividends.
Regulatory Capital
As a BHC, we are subject to regulatory capital rules, including Basel 3, issued by U.S. banking regulators. The Corporation's depository institution subsidiaries are also subject to the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework. The Corporation and its primary affiliated banking entity, BANA, are Advanced approaches institutions under Basel 3 and are required to report regulatory risk-based capital ratios and risk-weighted assets (RWA) under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches. The lower of the capital ratios under Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements is used to assess capital adequacy, including under the PCA framework. As of June 30, 2025, the Corporation’s binding ratio was the Total capital ratio under the Standardized approach.
Minimum Capital Requirements
In order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the Corporation must meet risk-based capital ratio requirements that include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent (under the Advanced approaches only), an SCB (under the Standardized approach only), plus any applicable countercyclical capital buffer (currently set to zero) and a global systemically important bank (G-SIB) surcharge. The buffers and surcharge must be comprised solely of CET1 capital. For the period from October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025, the Corporation’s minimum CET1 ratio requirements are 10.7 percent under the Standardized approach and 10.0 percent under the Advanced approaches.
The Corporation is required to calculate its G-SIB surcharge on an annual basis under two methods and is subject to the higher of the resulting two surcharges. Method 1 is consistent with the approach prescribed by the Basel Committee’s assessment methodology and is calculated using specified indicators of systemic importance. Method 2 modifies the
Bank of America 20

Method 1 approach by, among other factors, including a measure of the Corporation’s reliance on short-term wholesale funding. The Corporation’s Method 1 G-SIB surcharge is 1.5 percent, and its Method 2 G-SIB surcharge is 3.0 percent. The Corporation’s Method 2 G-SIB surcharge is expected to increase to 3.5 percent on January 1, 2027, unless its surcharge calculated as of December 31, 2025 is lower than 3.5 percent. At June 30, 2025, the Corporation’s CET1 capital ratio of 11.5 percent under the Standardized approach exceeded its minimum CET1 capital ratio requirement.
The Corporation is also required to maintain a minimum supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) of 3.0 percent plus a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent in order to avoid certain
restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At June 30, 2025, our insured depository institution subsidiaries exceeded their requirement to maintain a minimum 6.0 percent SLR to be considered well capitalized under the PCA framework.
Capital Composition and Ratios
Table 8 presents Bank of America Corporation’s capital ratios and related information in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For the periods presented herein, the Corporation met the definition of well capitalized under current regulatory requirements.
Table 8 Bank of America Corporation Regulatory Capital under Basel 3
Standardized Approach (1) Advanced Approaches (1) Regulatory Minimum (2)
(Dollars in millions, except as noted) June 30, 2025
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital $ 201,200 $ 201,200
Tier 1 capital 224,684 224,684
Total capital (3) 259,508 249,000
Risk-weighted assets (in billions) 1,748 1,546
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 11.5 % 13.0 % 10.7 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 12.9 14.5 12.2
Total capital ratio 14.8 16.1 14.2
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4) $ 3,353 $ 3,353
Tier 1 leverage ratio 6.7 % 6.7 % 4.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) $ 3,957
Supplementary leverage ratio 5.7 % 5.0
December 31, 2024
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital $ 201,083 $ 201,083
Tier 1 capital 223,458 223,458
Total capital (3) 255,363 244,809
Risk-weighted assets (in billions) 1,696 1,490
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 11.9 % 13.5 % 10.7 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.2 15.0 12.2
Total capital ratio 15.1 16.4 14.2
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4) $ 3,240 $ 3,240
Tier 1 leverage ratio 6.9 % 6.9 % 4.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) $ 3,818
Supplementary leverage ratio 5.9 % 5.0

(1)
As of January 1, 2025, CECL transition provision’s impact was fully phased-in. Capital ratios as of December 31, 2024 were calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allowed a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the current expected credit losses (CECL) accounting standard on January 1, 2020.
(2)
The CET1 capital regulatory minimum is the sum of the CET1 capital ratio minimum of 4.5 percent, our G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent, and SCB (under the Standardized approach) of 3.2 percent. The countercyclical capital buffer was zero for both periods. The SLR regulatory minimum includes a leverage buffer of 2.0 percent.
(3)
Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.
(4)
Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.
At June 30, 2025, CET1 capital was $201.2 billion, an increase of $117 million from December 31, 2024, primarily due to earnings, largely offset by capital distributions. Tier 1 capital increased $1.2 billion driven by the same factors as CET1 capital as well as preferred stock issuances. Total capital under the Standardized approach increased $4.1 billion driven by the same factors as Tier 1 capital, as well as subordinated
debt issuances and an increase in the adjusted allowance for credit losses included in Tier 2 capital. RWA under the Standardized approach, which drove the lower CET1 capital ratio at June 30, 2025, increased $52.5 billion during 2025 to $1,748 billion primarily driven by client activity in
Global Markets
and lending activity in
GWIM
and
Global Banking
. Supplementary leverage exposure at June 30, 2025 increased $138.3 billion primarily driven by increased activity in
Global Markets
.
21 Bank of America

Table 9 shows the capital composition at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 9 Capital Composition under Basel 3
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Total common shareholders’ equity $ 276,104 $ 272,400
CECL transitional amount (1) — 627
Goodwill, net of related deferred tax liabilities (68,649) (68,649)
Deferred tax assets arising from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards (8,452) (8,097)
Intangibles, other than mortgage servicing rights, net of related deferred tax liabilities (1,410) (1,440)
Defined benefit pension plan net assets (817) (786)
Cumulative unrealized net (gain) loss related to changes in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to own creditworthiness, net-of-tax 1,349 1,491
Accumulated net (gain) loss on certain cash flow hedges (2) 3,094 5,629
Other (19) (92)
Common equity tier 1 capital 201,200 201,083
Qualifying preferred stock, net of issuance cost 23,494 22,391
Other (10) (16)
Tier 1 capital 224,684 223,458
Tier 2 capital instruments 20,634 18,592
Qualifying allowance for credit losses (3) 14,499 13,558
Other (309) (245)
Total capital under the Standardized approach 259,508 255,363
Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses under the Advanced approaches (3) (10,508) (10,554)
Total capital under the Advanced approaches $ 249,000 $ 244,809

(1)
As of January 1, 2025, CECL transition provision’s impact was fully phased-in. December 31, 2024 includes 25 percent of the CECL transition provision’s impact as of December 31, 2021.
(2)
Includes amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) related to the hedging of items that are not recognized at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(3)
December 31, 2024 includes the impact of transition provisions related to the CECL accounting standard.
Table 10 shows the components of RWA as measured under Basel 3 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 10 Risk-weighted Assets under Basel 3
Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches Standardized Approach Advanced Approaches
(Dollars in billions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Credit risk $ 1,670 $ 1,059 $ 1,623 $ 1,015
Market risk 78 78 73 73
Operational risk n/a 357 n/a 359
Risks related to credit valuation adjustments n/a 52 n/a 43
Total risk-weighted assets $ 1,748 $ 1,546 $ 1,696 $ 1,490

n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 22

Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital
Table 11 presents regulatory capital information for BANA in accordance with Basel 3 Standardized and Advanced approaches as measured at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. BANA met the definition of well capitalized under the PCA framework for both periods.
Table 11 Bank of America, N.A. Regulatory Capital under Basel 3
Standardized Approach (1) Advanced Approaches (1) Regulatory Minimum (2)
(Dollars in millions, except as noted) June 30, 2025
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital $ 196,227 $ 196,227
Tier 1 capital 196,227 196,227
Total capital (3) 212,106 201,829
Risk-weighted assets (in billions) 1,481 1,188
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 13.3 % 16.5 % 7.0 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.3 16.5 8.5
Total capital ratio 14.3 17.0 10.5
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4) $ 2,584 $ 2,584
Tier 1 leverage ratio 7.6 % 7.6 % 5.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) $ 3,063
Supplementary leverage ratio 6.4 % 6.0
December 31, 2024
Risk-based capital metrics:
Common equity tier 1 capital $ 194,341 $ 194,341
Tier 1 capital 194,341 194,341
Total capital (3) 209,256 198,923
Risk-weighted assets (in billions) 1,444 1,151
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio 13.5 % 16.9 % 7.0 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.5 16.9 8.5
Total capital ratio 14.5 17.3 10.5
Leverage-based metrics:
Adjusted quarterly average assets (in billions) (4) $ 2,546 $ 2,546
Tier 1 leverage ratio 7.6 % 7.6 % 5.0
Supplementary leverage exposure (in billions) $ 3,015
Supplementary leverage ratio 6.4 % 6.0

(1)
As of January 1, 2025, CECL transition provision’s impact was fully phased-in. Capital ratios as of December 31, 2024 were calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allowed a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020.
(2)
Risk-based capital regulatory minimums at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are the minimum ratios under Basel 3 including a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent. The regulatory minimums for the leverage ratios as of both period ends are the percent required to be considered well capitalized under the PCA framework.
(3)
Total capital under the Advanced approaches differs from the Standardized approach due to differences in the amount permitted in Tier 2 capital related to the qualifying allowance for credit losses.
(4)
Reflects total average assets adjusted for certain Tier 1 capital deductions.
Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity Requirements
Total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) consists of the Corporation’s Tier 1 capital and eligible long-term debt issued directly by the Corporation. Eligible long-term debt for TLAC ratios is comprised of unsecured debt that has a remaining maturity of at least one year and satisfies additional requirements as prescribed in the TLAC final rule. As with the
risk-based capital ratios and SLR, the Corporation is required to maintain TLAC ratios in excess of minimum requirements plus applicable buffers to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. Table 12 presents the Corporation's TLAC and long-term debt ratios and related information as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
23 Bank of America

Table 12 Bank of America Corporation Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity and Long-Term Debt
TLAC (1) Regulatory Minimum (2) Long-term Debt Regulatory Minimum (3)
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Total eligible balance $ 473,316 $ 235,503
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (4) 27.1 % 22.0 % 13.5 % 9.0 %
Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure 12.0 9.5 6.0 4.5
December 31, 2024
Total eligible balance $ 459,857 $ 220,666
Percentage of risk-weighted assets (4) 27.1 % 22.0 % 13.0 % 9.0 %
Percentage of supplementary leverage exposure 12.0 9.5 5.8 4.5

(1)
As of January 1, 2025, CECL transition provision’s impact was fully phased-in. TLAC ratios as of December 31, 2024 were calculated using the regulatory capital rule that allowed a five-year transition period related to the adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2020.
(2)
The TLAC RWA regulatory minimum consists of 18.0 percent plus a TLAC RWA buffer comprised of 2.5 percent plus the Method 1 G-SIB surcharge of 1.5 percent. The countercyclical buffer is zero for both periods. The TLAC supplementary leverage exposure regulatory minimum consists of 7.5 percent plus a 2.0 percent TLAC leverage buffer. The TLAC RWA and leverage buffers must be comprised solely of CET1 capital and Tier 1 capital, respectively.
(3)
The long-term debt RWA regulatory minimum is comprised of 6.0 percent plus the Corporation’s G-SIB surcharge of 3.0 percent. The long-term debt leverage exposure regulatory minimum is 4.5 percent.
(4)
The approach that yields the higher RWA is used to calculate TLAC and long-term debt ratios, which was the Standardized approach as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Regulatory Developments
On June 27, 2025, the Federal Reserve issued an NPR that would modify enhanced supplementary leverage ratio requirements for bank holding companies and their depository institution subsidiaries, with corresponding revisions to TLAC and long-term debt requirements. Under this NPR, static buffer requirements would be replaced with a dynamic buffer requirement equal to 50 percent of the G-SIB’s Method 1 surcharge, which is expected to reduce leverage-based capital requirements. For more information on Method 1 and Method 2, see Minimum Capital Requirements in this section.
On April 17, 2025, the Federal Reserve issued an NPR to modify annual stress testing and resulting SCB requirements. Under this NPR, results from the two most recent annual supervisory stress tests would be averaged to determine the Corporation’s SCB requirement. In addition, the annual effective date of the SCB requirement would change from October 1st of the current year to January 1st of the following year, providing banks with additional time to comply with their new capital requirements. To the extent modifications to the SCB calculation are adopted as proposed and applied to the 2025 CCAR supervisory stress tests, the Corporation’s results indicate an SCB of 2.7 percent, which would make its CET1 minimum requirement 10.2 percent, effective January 1, 2026.
Regulatory Capital and Securities Regulation
The Corporation’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are BofA Securities, Inc. (BofAS) and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (MLPF&S). The Corporation's principal European subsidiaries undertaking broker-dealer activities are Merrill Lynch International (MLI) and BofA Securities Europe SA (BofASE).
The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the net capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act. BofAS computes its capital requirements as an alternative net capital broker-dealer under Rule 15c3-1e, and MLPF&S computes its capital requirements in accordance with the alternative standard under Rule 15c3-1. BofAS is registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to Commodity
Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Regulation 1.17. The U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are also registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). Pursuant to FINRA Rule 4110, FINRA may impose higher net capital requirements than Rule 15c3-1 under the Exchange Act with respect to each of the broker-dealers.
BofAS provides institutional services, and in accordance with the alternative net capital requirements, is required to maintain tentative net capital in excess of $5.0 billion and net capital in excess of the greater of $1.0 billion or a certain percentage of its reserve requirement in addition to a certain percentage of securities-based swap risk margin. BofAS must also notify the SEC in the event its tentative net capital is less than $6.0 billion. BofAS is also required to hold a certain percentage of its customers' and affiliates' risk-based margin in order to meet its CFTC minimum net capital requirement. At June 30, 2025, BofAS had tentative net capital of $25.1 billion. BofAS also had regulatory net capital of $20.2 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of $5.0 billion.
MLPF&S provides retail services. At June 30, 2025, MLPF&S' regulatory net capital was $7.1 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement of $162 million.
Our European broker-dealers are subject to requirements from U.S. and non-U.S. regulators. MLI, a U.K. investment firm, is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority and is subject to certain regulatory capital requirements. At June 30, 2025, MLI’s capital resources were $33.4 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $14.0 billion.
BofASE, an authorized credit institution with its head office located in France, is regulated by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution and the Autorité des Marchés Financiers, and supervised under the Single Supervisory Mechanism by the European Central Bank. At June 30, 2025, BofASE's capital resources were $12.3 billion, which exceeded the minimum Pillar 1 requirement of $4.1 billion.
In addition, MLI and BofASE remained conditionally registered with the SEC as security-based swap dealers, and maintained net liquid assets at June 30, 2025 that exceeded the applicable minimum requirements under the Exchange Act. The entities are also registered as swap dealers with the CFTC and met applicable capital requirements at June 30, 2025.
Bank of America 24

Liquidity Risk
Funding and Liquidity Risk Management
Our primary liquidity risk management objective is to meet expected or unexpected cash flow and collateral requirements, including payments under long-term debt agreements, commitments to extend credit and customer deposit withdrawals, while continuing to support our businesses and customers under a range of economic conditions.
To achieve that objective, we analyze and monitor our liquidity risk under expected and stressed conditions, maintain liquidity and access to diverse funding sources, including our stable deposit base, and seek to align liquidity-related incentives and risks. These liquidity risk management practices have allowed us to effectively manage market fluctuations from the rising interest rate environment, inflationary pressures and changes in the macroeconomic environment.
We define liquidity as readily available assets, limited to cash and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities that we can use to meet our contractual and contingent financial obligations as they arise. We manage our liquidity position through line of business and ALM activities, as well as through our legal entity funding strategy, on both a forward and current (including intraday) basis under both expected and stressed conditions. We believe that a centralized approach to funding and liquidity management enhances our ability to monitor liquidity requirements, maximizes access to funding sources, minimizes borrowing costs and facilitates timely responses to liquidity events.
We provide centralized funding and liquidity management through a variety of activities, including monitoring of established limits, assessing exposures under both normal and stressed conditions and reviewing liquidity risk management processes and controls. Global Risk Management (GRM) provides oversight of liquidity management across the Corporation, including front-line units and legal entities. GRM oversees the liquidity risk management governance structure, establishes liquidity risk policies, and provides independent review and challenge of the Corporation's liquidity risk management processes.
For more information on the Corporation’s liquidity risks, see the Liquidity section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information regarding global funding and liquidity risk management, as well as liquidity sources, liquidity arrangements, contingency planning and credit ratings discussed below, see Liquidity Risk in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
NB Holdings Corporation
Bank of America Corporation, as the parent company (the Parent), which is a separate and distinct legal entity from our bank and nonbank subsidiaries, has an intercompany arrangement with our wholly-owned holding company subsidiary, NB Holdings Corporation (NB Holdings). We have transferred, and agreed to transfer, additional Parent assets not required to satisfy anticipated near-term expenditures to NB Holdings. The Parent is expected to continue to have access to the same flow of dividends, interest and other amounts of cash necessary to service its debt, pay dividends and perform other obligations as it would have had it not entered into these arrangements and transferred any assets. These arrangements support our preferred single point of entry resolution strategy, under which only the Parent would be resolved under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
Global Liquidity Sources and Other Unencumbered Assets
We maintain liquidity available to the Corporation, including the Parent and selected subsidiaries, in the form of cash and high- quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Our liquidity buffer, referred to as Global Liquidity Sources (GLS), is comprised of assets that are readily available to the Parent and selected subsidiaries, including holding company, bank and broker-dealer subsidiaries, even during stressed market conditions. Our cash is primarily on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank and, to a lesser extent, central banks outside of the U.S. We limit the composition of high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities to U.S. government securities, U.S. agency securities, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and other investment-grade securities, and a select group of non-U.S. government securities. We can obtain cash for these securities, even in stressed conditions, through repurchase agreements or outright sales. We hold our GLS in legal entities that allow us to meet the liquidity requirements of our global businesses, and we consider the impact of potential regulatory, tax, legal and other restrictions that could limit the transferability of funds among entities.
Table 13 presents average GLS for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 13 Average Global Liquidity Sources
Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Bank entities $ 749 $ 777
Nonbank and other entities (1) 189 176
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources $ 938 $ 953

(1)
Nonbank includes Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities.
Our bank subsidiaries’ liquidity is primarily driven by deposit and lending activity, as well as securities valuation and net debt activity. Bank subsidiaries can also generate incremental liquidity by pledging a range of unencumbered loans and securities to certain Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs) and the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The cash we could have obtained by borrowing against this pool of specifically-identified eligible assets was $335 billion and $328 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We have established operational procedures to enable us to borrow against these assets, including regularly monitoring our total pool of eligible loans and securities collateral. Eligibility is defined in guidelines from the FHLBs and the Federal Reserve and is subject to change at their discretion. Due to regulatory restrictions, liquidity generated by the bank subsidiaries can generally be used only to fund obligations within the bank subsidiaries, and transfers to the Parent or nonbank subsidiaries may be subject to prior regulatory approval.
Liquidity is also held in nonbank entities, including the Parent, NB Holdings and other regulated entities. The Parent and NB Holdings liquidity is typically in the form of cash deposited at BANA, which is excluded from the liquidity at bank subsidiaries, and high-quality, liquid, unencumbered securities. Liquidity held in other regulated entities, comprised primarily of broker-dealer subsidiaries, is primarily available to meet the obligations of that entity, and transfers to the Parent or to any other subsidiary may be subject to prior regulatory approval due to regulatory restrictions and minimum requirements. Our other regulated entities also hold unencumbered investment-grade securities and equities that we believe could be used to generate additional liquidity.
25 Bank of America

Table 14 presents the composition of average GLS for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and
December 31, 2024
.
Table 14 Average Global Liquidity Sources Composition
Three Months Ended
(Dollars in billions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Cash on deposit $ 271 $ 315
U.S. Treasury securities 353 313
U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and other investment-grade securities 280 296
Non-U.S. government securities 34 29
Total Average Global Liquidity Sources $ 938 $ 953

Our GLS are substantially the same in composition to what qualifies as High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the final U.S. Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) rules. However, HQLA for purposes of calculating LCR is not reported at market value, but at a lower value that incorporates regulatory deductions and the exclusion of excess liquidity held at certain subsidiaries. The LCR is calculated as the amount of a financial institution’s unencumbered HQLA relative to the estimated net cash outflows the institution could encounter over a 30-day period of significant liquidity stress, expressed as a percentage. Our average consolidated HQLA, on a net basis, was $645 billion and $623 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For the same periods, the average consolidated LCR was 114 percent and 113 percent. Our LCR fluctuates due to normal business flows from customer activity.
Liquidity Stress Analysis
We utilize liquidity stress analysis to assist us in determining the appropriate amounts of liquidity to maintain at the Parent and our subsidiaries to meet contractual and contingent cash outflows under a range of scenarios. For more information on liquidity stress analysis, see Liquidity Risk – Liquidity Stress Analysis in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net Stable Funding Ratio
The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a liquidity requirement for large banks to maintain a minimum level of stable funding over a one-year period. The requirement is intended to support the ability of banks to lend to households and businesses in both normal and adverse economic conditions and is complementary to the LCR, which focuses on short-term liquidity risks. The U.S. NSFR applies to the Corporation on a consolidated basis and to our insured depository institutions. For both the three months ended
March 31, 2025
and June 30, 2025, the average consolidated NSFR was 120 percent.
Diversified Funding Sources
We fund our assets primarily with a mix of deposits, and secured and unsecured liabilities through a centralized, globally coordinated funding approach diversified across products, programs, markets, currencies and investor groups. We fund a substantial portion of our lending activities through our deposits, which were $2.01 trillion and $1.97 trillion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Our trading activities in other regulated entities are primarily funded on a secured basis through securities lending and repurchase agreements, and these amounts will vary based on customer activity and market conditions.
Deposits
Our deposit base is well-diversified by clients, geography and product type across our business segments. At June 30, 2025, 47 percent of our deposits were in
Consumer Banking
, 14 percent in
GWIM
and 32 percent in
Global Banking
. We consider a substantial portion of our deposit base to be a stable, low-cost and consistent source of liquidity. At June 30, 2025 approximately 69 percent of consumer and small business deposits and approximately 79 percent of U.S. deposits in
Global Banking
were held by clients who have had accounts with us for 10 or more years. In addition, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 26 percent and 27 percent

of our deposits were noninterest bearing and included operating accounts of our consumer and commercial clients. Deposits at June 30, 2025 increased $46.1 billion from December 31, 2024 primarily due to deposit growth in
Global Banking
from new and existing clients.
During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, rates paid on deposits were 58 bps and 60 bps in
Consumer Banking
, 247 bps and 314 bps in
GWIM
, and 277 bps and 318 bps in
Global Banking
. For information on rates paid on consolidated deposit balances, see Table 6 on page 9.
Long-term Debt
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we issued $56.0 billion of long-term debt consisting of $29.0 billion of notes issued by Bank of America Corporation, substantially all of which were TLAC compliant, $12.6 billion of notes issued by Bank of America, N.A. and $14.4 billion of other debt.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we had total long-term debt maturities and redemptions in the aggregate of $35.1 billion consisting of $21.1 billion for Bank of America Corporation, $7.9 billion for Bank of America, N.A. and $6.1 billion of other debt. Table 15 presents the carrying value of aggregate annual contractual maturities of long-term debt at June 30, 2025.
Bank of America 26

Table 15 Long-term Debt by Maturity
(Dollars in millions) Remainder of 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Thereafter Total
Bank of America Corporation
Senior notes (1) $ 2,815 $ 11,742 $ 24,139 $ 30,354 $ 25,715 $ 100,951 $ 195,716
Senior structured notes 1,217 2,859 838 600 1,229 14,778 21,521
Subordinated notes 153 4,897 2,056 907 — 17,633 25,646
Junior subordinated notes — — 194 — — 557 751
Total Bank of America Corporation 4,185 19,498 27,227 31,861 26,944 133,919 243,634
Bank of America, N.A.
Senior notes 2,400 13,035 — 653 — — 16,088
Subordinated notes — — — — — 1,415 1,415
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks 448 679 3 8 2 35 1,175
Securitizations and other Bank VIEs (2) 1,250 2,701 1,599 2,140 481 197 8,368
Other 77 75 33 73 91 — 349
Total Bank of America, N.A. 4,175 16,490 1,635 2,874 574 1,647 27,395
Other debt
Structured liabilities 3,106 9,133 5,725 3,689 3,278 16,990 41,921
Nonbank VIEs (2) — — — — — 468 468
Total other debt 3,106 9,133 5,725 3,689 3,278 17,458 42,389
Total long-term debt $ 11,466 $ 45,121 $ 34,587 $ 38,424 $ 30,796 $ 153,024 $ 313,418

(1)
Total includes $183.1 billion of outstanding senior notes that are both TLAC eligible and callable one year before their stated maturities, including $8.9 billion during the remainder of 2025, and $24.1 billion, $27.2 billion, $26.9 billion and $8.4 billion during each year of 2026 through 2029, respectively, and $87.6 billion thereafter. For more information on our TLAC eligible and callable outstanding notes, see Liquidity Risk – Diversified Funding Sources in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)
Represents liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) included in total long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Total long-term debt increased $30.1 billion to $313.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to debt issuances and valuation adjustments, partially offset by maturities. We may, from time to time, repurchase outstanding debt instruments in various transactions, depending on market conditions, liquidity and other factors. Our other regulated entities may also make markets in our debt instruments to provide liquidity for investors.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we issued $19.1 billion of structured notes, which are debt obligations that pay investors returns linked to other debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. These structured notes are typically issued to meet client demand, and notes with certain attributes may also be TLAC eligible. We typically hedge the returns we are obligated to pay on these liabilities with derivatives and/or investments in the underlying instruments, so that from a funding perspective, the cost is similar to our other unsecured long-term debt. We could be required to settle certain structured note obligations for cash or other securities prior to maturity under certain circumstances, which we consider for liquidity planning purposes. We believe, however, that a portion of such borrowings will remain outstanding beyond the earliest put or redemption date.
Substantially all of our senior and subordinated debt obligations contain no provisions that could trigger a requirement for an early repayment, require additional collateral support, result in changes to terms, accelerate maturity or create additional financial obligations upon an adverse change in our credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, cash flows or stock price. For more information on long-term debt funding, including issuances and maturities and redemptions, see
Note 11 – Long-term Debt
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We use derivative transactions to manage the duration, interest rate and currency risks of our borrowings, considering the characteristics of the assets they are funding. For more information on our ALM activities, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 44.
Credit Ratings
Credit ratings and outlooks are opinions expressed by rating agencies on our creditworthiness and that of our obligations or securities, including long-term debt, short-term borrowings, preferred stock and other securities, including asset securitizations. Table 16 presents the Corporation’s current long-term/short-term senior debt ratings and outlooks expressed by the rating agencies.
The ratings and outlooks from Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings for the Corporation have not changed from those disclosed in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. On May 19, 2025, Moody’s Investors Service downgraded its rating for the long-term senior debt of BANA to Aa2 from Aa1, removing one notch of rating uplift for government support as a consequence of the agency’s recent downgrade of U.S. sovereign debt. The ratings and outlooks from Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings for the Corporation’s rated subsidiaries have not changed from those disclosed in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For more information on additional collateral and termination payments that could be required in connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contracts and other trading agreements in the event of a credit rating downgrade, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein and Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
27 Bank of America

Table 16 Senior Debt Ratings
Moody’s Investors Service Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings Fitch Ratings
Long-term Short-term Outlook Long-term Short-term Outlook Long-term Short-term Outlook
Bank of America Corporation A1 P-1 Stable A- A-2 Stable AA- F1+ Stable
Bank of America, N.A. Aa2 P-1 Stable A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable
Bank of America Europe Designated Activity Company n/a n/a n/a A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated n/a n/a Stable A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable
BofA Securities, Inc. n/a n/a Stable A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable
Merrill Lynch International n/a n/a n/a A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable
BofA Securities Europe SA n/a n/a n/a A+ A-1 Stable AA F1+ Stable

NR = not rated
Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor
BofA Finance LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (BofA Finance), is a consolidated finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold, and is expected to continue to issue and sell, its senior unsecured debt securities (Guaranteed Notes) that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Corporation. The Corporation guarantees the due and punctual payment, on demand, of amounts payable on the Guaranteed Notes if not paid by BofA Finance. In addition, each of BAC Capital Trust XIII, BAC Capital Trust XIV and BAC Capital Trust XV, Delaware statutory trusts (collectively, the Trusts) is a 100 percent owned finance subsidiary of the Corporation that has issued and sold trust preferred securities (the Trust Preferred Securities) or capital securities (the Capital Securities and, together with the Guaranteed Notes and the Trust Preferred Securities, the Guaranteed Securities), as applicable, that remained outstanding at June 30, 2025
.
The Corporation has fully and unconditionally guaranteed (or effectively provided for the full and unconditional guarantee of) all such securities issued by such finance subsidiaries. For more information regarding such guarantees by the Corporation, see Liquidity Risk – Finance Subsidiary Issuers and Parent Guarantor in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Representations and Warranties Obligations
For information on representations and warranties obligations in connection with the sale of mortgage loans, see
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Risk Management
For information on our credit risk management activities, see the following: Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 28, Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management on page 33, Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 39, Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40,
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Credit Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on the Corporation’s credit risks, see the Credit section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on the Corporation’s economic and geopolitical risks, see the Geopolitical section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, our net charge-off ratio decreased compared to the same period in 2024 primarily driven by lower commercial real estate office charge-offs. Commercial reservable criticized exposure increased
compared to December 31, 2024 driven by the commercial and industrial portfolio. Nonperforming loans remained relatively unchanged compared to December 31, 2024. Uncertainty remains regarding broader economic impacts as a result of ongoing negotiations and developments regarding international trade policies, higher costs associated with inflationary pressures experienced over the past several years, elevated rates as well as the current geopolitical environment, and could lead to adverse impacts to credit quality metrics in future periods.
Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Credit risk management for the consumer portfolio begins with initial underwriting and continues throughout a borrower’s credit cycle. Statistical techniques in conjunction with experiential judgment are used in all aspects of portfolio management including underwriting, product pricing, risk appetite, setting credit limits, and establishing operating processes and metrics to quantify and balance risks and returns. Statistical models are built using detailed behavioral information from external sources, such as credit bureaus, and/or internal historical experience and are a component of our consumer credit risk management process. These models are used in part to assist in making both new and ongoing credit decisions as well as portfolio management strategies, including authorizations and line management, collection practices and strategies, and determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and allocated capital for credit risk.
Consumer Credit Portfolio
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the U.S. unemployment rate and home prices remained relatively stable. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, net charge-offs were $1.1 billion, unchanged from the same period a year ago. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net charge-offs increased $91 million to $2.2 billion compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to the credit card portfolio.
The consumer allowance for loan and lease losses was $8.6 billion, relatively unchanged from December 31, 2024. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status, charge-offs and loan modifications for the consumer portfolio, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K

and
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 17 presents our outstanding consumer loans and leases, consumer nonperforming loans and accruing consumer loans past due 90 days or more.
Bank of America 28

Table 17 Consumer Credit Quality
Outstandings Nonperforming Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Residential mortgage (1) $ 235,313 $ 228,199 $ 2,008 $ 2,052 $ 196 $ 229
Home equity 26,142 25,737 393 409 — —
Credit card 101,209 103,566 n/a n/a 1,257 1,401
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 109,730 107,122 163 186 8 1
Other consumer 165 151 — — — —
Consumer loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option $ 472,559 $ 464,775 $ 2,564 $ 2,647 $ 1,461 $ 1,631
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 214 221
Total consumer loans and leases $ 472,773 $ 464,996
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (4) n/a n/a 0.54 % 0.57 % 0.31 % 0.35 %
Percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases, excluding fully-insured loan portfolios (4) n/a n/a 0.55 0.58 0.27 0.31

(1)
Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, residential mortgage included $117 million and $119 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $79 million and $110 million of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2)
Outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $54.8 billion and $54.9 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $51.2 billion and $48.7 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and non-U.S. consumer loans of $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(3)
For more information on the fair value option, see
Note 15 – Fair Value Option
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(4)
Excludes consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans accounted for under the fair value option that were past due 90 days or more and not accruing interest were insignificant.
n/a= not applicable
Table 18 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for consumer loans and leases.
Table 18 Consumer Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
Net Charge-offs Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Residential mortgage $ 2 $ — $ 2 $ 3 — % — % — % — %
Home equity (10) (14) (22) (27) (0.15) (0.23) (0.17) (0.21)
Credit card 954 955 1,955 1,854 3.82 3.88 3.94 3.75
Direct/Indirect consumer 47 51 117 116 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.23
Other consumer 66 67 126 141 n/m n/m n/m n/m
Total $ 1,059 $ 1,059 $ 2,178 $ 2,087 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.92

(1)
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
n/m = not meaningful
We believe that the presentation of information adjusted to exclude the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio and loans accounted for under the fair value option is more representative of the ongoing operations and credit quality of the business. As a result, in the following tables and discussions of the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios, we exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option and provide information that excludes the impact of the fully-insured loan portfolio in certain credit quality statistics.
Residential Mortgage
The residential mortgage portfolio made up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 50 percent of consumer loans and leases at June 30, 2025. Approximately 50 percent of the residential mortgage portfolio was in
Consumer Banking,
46 percent was in
GWIM
and the remaining portion was in
Global Markets
and
All Other
.
Outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio increased $7.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to a loan portfolio acquisition in the first quarter of 2025.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the residential mortgage portfolio included $9.5 billion and $9.9 billion of outstanding fully-insured loans, of which $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion had FHA insurance, with the remainder protected by Fannie Mae long-term standby agreements.
Table 19 presents certain residential mortgage key credit statistics on both a reported basis and excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio. The following discussion presents the residential mortgage portfolio excluding the fully-insured loan portfolio.
29 Bank of America

Table 19 Residential Mortgage – Key Credit Statistics
Reported Basis (1) Excluding Fully-insured Loans (1)
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Outstandings $ 235,313 $ 228,199 $ 225,801 $ 218,287
Accruing past due 30 days or more 1,507 1,494 1,089 1,007
Accruing past due 90 days or more 196 229 — —
Nonperforming loans (2) 2,008 2,052 2,008 2,052
Percent of portfolio
Refreshed LTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
Refreshed LTV greater than 100 — — — —
Refreshed FICO below 620 2 1 1 1

(1)
Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)
Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.
Nonperforming outstanding balances in the residential mortgage portfolio decreased

$44 million to $2.0 billion

during the six months ended June 30, 2025. Of the nonperforming residential mortgage loans at June 30, 2025, $1.3 billion, or 62 percent, were current on contractual payments. Excluding fully-insured loans, loans accruing past due 30 days or more increased $82 million to $1.1 billion during the
six months ended June 30, 2025
.
Of the $225.8 billion in total residential mortgage loans outstanding at June 30, 2025, $64.4 billion, or 29 percent, of loans were originated as interest-only. The outstanding balance of interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period was $3.6 billion, or six percent, at June 30, 2025. Residential mortgage loans that have entered the amortization period generally experience a higher rate of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status compared to the residential mortgage portfolio as a whole. At June 30, 2025, $40 million, or one percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgages that had entered the amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more compared to $1.1 billion, or less than one percent, for the entire residential
mortgage portfolio. In addition, at June 30, 2025, $197 million, or six percent, of outstanding interest-only residential mortgage loans that had entered the amortization period were nonperforming, of which $57 million were contractually current. Loans that have yet to enter the amortization period in our interest-only residential mortgage portfolio are primarily well-collateralized loans to our wealth management clients and have an interest-only period of three years to 10 years. Substantially all of these loans that have yet to enter the amortization period will not be required to make a fully-amortizing payment until 2027 or later.
Table 20 presents outstandings, nonperforming loans and net charge-offs by certain state concentrations for the residential mortgage portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) made up 15 percent

of outstandings at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California represented 14 percent of outstandings at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 20 Residential Mortgage State Concentrations
Outstandings (1) Nonperforming (1) Net Charge-offs
June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
California $ 81,777 $ 81,729 $ 584 $ 602 $ 2 $ — $ 2 $ 2
New York 25,912 25,827 299 318 — 1 — 1
Florida 16,476 15,715 147 142 — (1) — (1)
Massachusetts 9,763 7,926 51 43 — — — —
New Jersey 9,469 8,568 89 88 — (1) — (1)
Other 82,404 78,522 838 859 — 1 — 2
Residential mortgage loans $ 225,801 $ 218,287 $ 2,008 $ 2,052 $ 2 $ — $ 2 $ 3
Fully-insured loan portfolio 9,512 9,912
Total residential mortgage loan portfolio $ 235,313 $ 228,199

(1)
Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Home Equity
At June 30, 2025, the home equity portfolio made up six percent of the consumer portfolio and was comprised of home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), home equity loans and reverse mortgages. HELOCs generally have an initial draw period of 10 years, and after the initial draw period ends, the loans generally convert to 15- or 20-year amortizing loans. We no longer originate home equity loans or reverse mortgages.
At June 30, 2025, 85 percent of the home equity portfolio was in
Consumer Banking
, 10 percent was in
GWIM
and the remainder of the portfolio was in
All Other.
Outstanding balances
in the home equity portfolio increased $405 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to draws on existing lines and new originations outpacing paydowns. Of the total home equity portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $9.0 billion and $9.2 billion, or 35 percent and 36 percent, were in first-lien positions. At June 30, 2025, outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio that were in a second-lien or more junior-lien position and where we also held the first-lien loan totaled $4.6 billion, or 18 percent, of our total home equity portfolio.
Bank of America 30

Unused HELOCs totaled $43.8 billion and $44.3 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The HELOC utilization rate was 36 percent

at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 21 presents certain home equity portfolio key credit statistics.
Table 21 Home Equity – Key Credit Statistics (1)
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Outstandings $ 26,142 $ 25,737
Accruing past due 30 days or more 79 84
Nonperforming loans (2) 393 409
Percent of portfolio
Refreshed CLTV greater than 90 but less than or equal to 100 — % — %
Refreshed CLTV greater than 100 — —
Refreshed FICO below 620 3 2

(1)
Outstandings, accruing past due, nonperforming loans and percentages of the portfolio exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)
Includes loans that are contractually current that have not yet demonstrated a sustained period of payment performance following a modification.
Nonperforming outstanding balances in the home equity portfolio decreased $16 million

to $393 million during the
six months ended June 30, 2025
. Of the nonperforming home equity loans at June 30, 2025, $245 million, or 62 percent, were current on contractual payments. In addition, $80 million, or 20 percent, were 180 days or more past due and had been written down to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell. Accruing loans that were 30 days or more past d
ue remained relatively unchanged
during the
six months ended June 30, 2025
.
Of the $26.1 billion in total home equity portfolio outstandings at June 30, 2025, as shown in Table 21, eight percent require interest-only payments. The outstanding balance of HELOCs that had reached the end of their draw period and entered the amortization period was $3.2 billion at June 30, 2025. The HELOCs that have entered the amortization period have experienced a higher percentage of early stage delinquencies and nonperforming status when compared to the HELOC portfolio as a whole. At June 30, 2025, $29 million, or one percent, of outstanding HELOCs that had entered the
amortization period were accruing past due 30 days or more. In addition, at June 30, 2025, $229 million, or seven percent, were nonperforming.
For our interest-only HELOC portfolio, we do not actively track how many of our home equity customers pay only the minimum amount due on their home equity loans and lines; however, we can infer some of this information through a review of our HELOC portfolio that we service and is still in its revolving period. During the
six months ended June 30, 2025
, 24 percent of these customers with an outstanding balance did not pay any principal on their HELOCs.
Table 22 presents outstandings, nonperforming balances and net recoveries by certain state concentrations for the home equity portfolio. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 11 percent

of the outstanding home equity portfolio at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA within California made up 10 percent and 11 percent of the outstanding home equity portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 22 Home Equity State Concentrations
Outstandings (1) Nonperforming (1) Net Charge-offs
June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
California $ 7,119 $ 7,038 $ 102 $ 102 $ (3) $ (2) $ (5) $ (5)
Florida 2,548 2,542 45 47 (1) (2) (2) (4)
New Jersey 1,817 1,817 30 34 (1) (2) (2) (4)
Texas 1,601 1,521 17 17 — — — —
New York 1,435 1,447 57 62 (1) (2) (3) (2)
Other 11,622 11,372 142 147 (4) (6) (10) (12)
Total home equity loan portfolio $ 26,142 $ 25,737 $ 393 $ 409 $ (10) $ (14) $ (22) $ (27)

(1)
Outstandings and nonperforming loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Credit Card
At June 30, 2025, 97 percent of the credit card portfolio was managed in
Consumer Banking
with the remainder in
GWIM
. Outstandings in the credit card portfolio decreased $2.4 billion during the
six months ended June 30, 2025
to $101.2 billion, as payments more than offset purchase volume and card transfers. Net charge-offs were relatively unchanged at $954 million and increased $101 million to $2.0 billion during the
three and six months ended June 30, 2025
compared to the
same periods in 2024. Credit card loans 30 days or more past due decreased $250 million, and 90 days or more past due decreased $144 million during the
six months ended June 30, 2025.
Unused lines of credit for credit card increased to $410.5 billion at June 30, 2025 from $398.7 billion at December 31, 2024.
Table 23 presents certain state concentrations for the credit card portfolio.
31 Bank of America

Table 23 Credit Card State Concentrations
Outstandings Past Due 90 Days or More Net Charge-offs
June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
California $ 16,803 $ 17,289 $ 230 $ 253 $ 186 $ 177 $ 379 $ 338
Florida 10,572 10,794 175 199 126 130 267 253
Texas 8,990 9,121 126 142 94 94 193 184
New York 5,610 5,765 75 84 58 60 118 122
Washington 5,545 5,586 45 46 32 31 63 58
Other 53,689 55,011 606 677 458 463 935 899
Total credit card portfolio $ 101,209 $ 103,566 $ 1,257 $ 1,401 $ 954 $ 955 $ 1,955 $ 1,854

Direct/Indirect Consumer
At June 30, 2025, 50 percent of the direct/indirect portfolio was included in
Consumer Banking
(consumer auto and recreational vehicle lending) and 50 percent was included in
GWIM
(principally securities-based lending loans). Outstandings in the direct/indirect portfolio increased $2.6 billion

during the
six months ended June 30, 2025
to
$109.7 billion driven by increases in securities-based lending.
Table 24 presents certain state concentrations for the direct/indirect consumer loan portfolio.
Table 24 Direct/Indirect State Concentrations
Outstandings Nonperforming Net Charge-offs
June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
California $ 16,255 $ 16,017 $ 33 $ 38 $ 12 $ 12 $ 29 $ 27
Florida 14,810 14,573 19 23 7 6 15 15
Texas 10,425 10,164 17 18 6 7 14 15
New York 7,727 7,820 14 15 2 3 7 7
New Jersey 4,468 4,429 6 7 2 2 3 4
Other 56,045 54,119 74 85 18 21 49 48
Total direct/indirect loan portfolio $ 109,730 $ 107,122 $ 163 $ 186 $ 47 $ 51 $ 117 $ 116

Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 25 presents nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. During the
six months ended June 30, 2025
, nonperforming consumer loans of $2.6 billion remained relatively unchanged.
At June 30, 2025, $442 million, or 17 percent, of nonperforming loans were 180 days or more past due and had
been written down to their estimated property value less costs to sell. In addition, at June 30, 2025, $1.6 billion, or 60 percent, of nonperforming consumer loans were current and classified as nonperforming loans in accordance with applicable policies.
During the
six months ended June 30, 2025, f
oreclosed properties increased $5 million to $94 million.
Bank of America 32

Table 25 Nonperforming Consumer Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period $ 2,613 $ 2,697 $ 2,647 $ 2,712
Additions 264 223 506 477
Reductions:
Paydowns and payoffs (132) (118) (243) (249)
Sales (1) (1) (2) (2)
Returns to performing status (1) (157) (121) (311) (234)
Charge-offs (13) (7) (18) (17)
Transfers to foreclosed properties (10) (2) (15) (16)
Total net reductions to nonperforming loans and leases (49) (26) (83) (41)
Total nonperforming loans and leases, June 30 2,564 2,671 2,564 2,671
Foreclosed properties, June 30 94 114 94 114
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties, June 30 (2) $ 2,658 $ 2,785 $ 2,658 $ 2,785
Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases (3) 0.54 % 0.58 %
Nonperforming consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties (3) 0.56 0.61

(1)
Consumer loans may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.
(2)
Includes repossessed non-real estate assets of $33 million and $22 million at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(3)
Outstanding consumer loans and leases exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management
Commercial credit risk is evaluated and managed with the goal that concentrations of credit exposure continue to be aligned with our risk appetite. We review, measure and manage concentrations of credit exposure by industry, product, geography, customer relationship and loan size. We also review, measure and manage commercial real estate loans by geographic location and property type. In addition, within our non-U.S. portfolio, we evaluate exposures by region and by country. Tables 30, 32 and 35 summarize our concentrations. We also utilize syndications of exposure to third parties, loan sales, hedging and other risk mitigation techniques to manage the size and risk profile of the commercial credit portfolio. For more information on our industry concentrations, see Table 32 and Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Industry Concentrations on page 37.
For more information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and net charge-offs, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial Credit Portfolio
Outstanding commercial loans and leases increased $43.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 due to growth in U.S. and non-U.S. commercial, primarily in
Global Markets and Global Banking.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, commercial credit quality remained relatively stable as the reservable criticized utilized exposure rate improved to 3.98 percent from 4.01 percent as of December 31, 2024. Nonperforming commercial loans increased $89 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to non-U.S. and U.S. commercial. Commercial net charge-offs decreased $8 million and $145 million to $466 million and $799 million
during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 primarily due to lower charge-offs in the commercial real estate office portfolio.
With the exception of the office property type, which is further discussed in the Commercial Real Estate section herein, credit quality of commercial borrowers has remained relatively stable since December 31, 2024; however, we are closely monitoring emerging trends, including ongoing negotiations and developments regarding international trade policies, as well as borrower performance in the current environment. Recent demand for office space continues to be stagnant, and future demand for office space continues to be uncertain as companies evaluate space needs with employment models that utilize a mix of remote and conventional office use.
The commercial allowance for loan and lease losses of $4.7 billion remained relatively unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2025. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 40.
Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased $40.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $780 billion driven by higher loans and leases, partially offset by a decrease in loans held-for-sale. The utilization rate for loans and leases, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and financial guarantees, and commercial letters of credit, in the aggregate, was 56 percent and 55 percent at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 26 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. Commercial utilized credit exposure includes SBLCs and financial guarantees and commercial letters of credit that have been issued and for which we are legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions during a specified time period, and excludes exposure related to trading account assets. Although funds have not yet been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.
33 Bank of America

Table 26 Commercial Credit Exposure by Type
Commercial Utilized (1) Commercial Unfunded (2, 3, 4) Total Commercial Committed
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Loans and leases $ 674,283 $ 630,839 $ 553,956 $ 535,675 $ 1,228,239 $ 1,166,514
Derivative assets (5) 42,711 40,948 — — 42,711 40,948
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees 33,290 33,147 1,856 1,889 35,146 35,036
Debt securities and other investments 18,874 19,133 3,031 4,407 21,905 23,540
Loans held-for-sale 3,402 7,985 7,097 5,003 10,499 12,988
Operating leases 5,541 5,608 — — 5,541 5,608
Commercial letters of credit 854 839 — 111 854 950
Other 1,049 1,004 — — 1,049 1,004
Total $ 780,004 $ 739,503 $ 565,940 $ 547,085 $ 1,345,944 $ 1,286,588

(1)
Commercial utilized exposure includes loans of $6.6 billion and $4.0 billion accounted for under the fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2)
Commercial unfunded exposure includes commitments accounted for under the fair value option with a notional amount of $2.2 billion at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(3)
Excludes unused business card lines, which are not legally binding.
(4)
Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $11.0 billion and $10.4 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(5)
Derivative assets are carried at fair value, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral of $29.3 billion and $30.1 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Not reflected in utilized and committed exposure is additional non-cash derivative collateral held of $62.0 billion and $59.7 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which consists primarily of other marketable securities.
Nonperforming commercial loans increased $89 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to non-U.S. commercial and U.S. commercial. Table 27 presents our commercial loans and leases portfolio and related credit quality information at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 27 Commercial Credit Quality
Outstandings Nonperforming Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial $ 415,423 $ 386,990 $ 1,277 $ 1,204 $ 66 $ 90
Non-U.S. commercial 148,675 137,518 102 8 3 4
Total commercial and industrial 564,098 524,508 1,379 1,212 69 94
Commercial real estate 65,676 65,730 1,964 2,068 16 6
Commercial lease financing 15,752 15,708 35 20 7 3
645,526 605,946 3,378 3,300 92 103
U.S. small business commercial (1) 22,108 20,865 39 28 198 197
Commercial loans excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option $ 667,634 $ 626,811 $ 3,417 $ 3,328 $ 290 $ 300
Loans accounted for under the fair value option (2) 6,649 4,028
Total commercial loans and leases $ 674,283 $ 630,839

(1)
Includes card-related products.
(2)
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial of $2.5 billion and $2.8 billion and non-U.S. commercial of $4.1 billion and $1.3 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 For more information on the fair value option, see
Note 15 – Fair Value Option
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table 28 presents net charge-offs and related ratios for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Table 28 Commercial Net Charge-offs and Related Ratios
Net Charge-offs Net Charge-off Ratios (1)
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial $ 129 $ 87 $ 199 $ 153 0.13 % 0.10 % 0.10 % 0.08 %
Non-U.S. commercial — (3) 7 (12) — (0.01) 0.01 (0.02)
Total commercial and industrial 129 84 206 141 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.06
Commercial real estate 202 272 325 576 1.24 1.53 1.00 1.62
Commercial lease financing 1 — 1 1 0.02 — 0.01 0.01
332 356 532 718 0.21 0.25 0.17 0.25
U.S. small business commercial 134 118 267 226 2.48 2.35 2.52 2.28
Total commercial $ 466 $ 474 $ 799 $ 944 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.32

(1)
Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases, excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Table 29 presents commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure by loan type. Criticized exposure corresponds to the
Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories as defined by regulatory authorities. Total commercial reservable
Bank of America 34

criticized utilized exposure increased $1.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily driven by U.S. and non-U.S. commercial. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
90 percent and 91 percent of commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure was secured.
Table 29 Commercial Reservable Criticized Utilized Exposure (1, 2)
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial:
U.S. commercial $ 14,105 3.19 % $ 13,387 3.23 %
Non-U.S. commercial 2,307 1.49 1,955 1.37
Total commercial and industrial 16,412 2.75 15,342 2.75
Commercial real estate 10,262 15.28 10,168 15.17
Commercial lease financing 420 2.66 291 1.85
27,094 3.99 25,801 4.03
U.S. small business commercial 810 3.66 694 3.33
Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure $ 27,904 3.98 $ 26,495 4.01

(1)
Total commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure includes loans and leases of $27.0 billion and $25.5 billion and commercial letters of credit of $860 million and $977 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2)
Percentages are calculated as commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure divided by total commercial reservable utilized exposure for each exposure category.
Commercial and Industrial
Commercial and industrial loans include U.S. commercial and non-U.S. commercial portfolios.
U.S. Commercial
At June 30, 2025, 59 percent of the U.S. commercial loan portfolio, excluding small business, was managed in
Global Banking,
24 percent in
Global Markets
, 15 percent in
GWIM
(loans that provide financing for asset purchases, business investments and other liquidity needs for high net worth clients) and the remainder primarily in
Consumer Banking
. U.S. commercial loans increased $28.4 billion, or seven percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily driven by
Global Markets and Global Banking.
Reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $718 million, or five percent, driven by a broad range of industries.
Non-U.S. Commercial
At June 30, 2025, 53 percent of the non-U.S. commercial loan portfolio was managed in
Global Banking and
46 percent in
Global Markets.
Non-U.S. commercial loans increased $11.2 billion, or eight percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily driven by
Global Markets
. Reservable criticized utilized exposure increased $352 million, or 18 percent. For information on the non-U.S. commercial portfolio, see Non-U.S. Portfolio on page 39.
Commercial Real Estate
Commercial real estate primarily includes commercial loans secured by non-owner-occupied real estate and is dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment. Outstanding loans remained relatively unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The commercial real estate portfolio is primarily managed in
Global Banking
and consists of loans made primarily to public and private developers, and commercial real estate firms. The portfolio
remains diversified across property types and geographic regions. California represented the largest state concentration at 21 percent of commercial real estate at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Reservable criticized utilized exposure for commercial real estate was $10.3 billion at June 30, 2025, relatively unchanged from December 31, 2024. Office loans represented the largest property type concentration at 20 percent of the commercial real estate portfolio at June 30, 2025, and approximately one percent of total loans for the Corporation. This property type is roughly 80 percent Class A and had an origination loan-to-value of approximately 55 percent.
Reservable criticized exposure for the office property type was $4.5 billion at June 30, 2025, representing a decrease of $575 million, or 11 percent, from December 31, 2024, with an aggregate loan-to-value of approximately 80 percent based on property appraisals completed in the last twelve months. Approximately $2.1 billion of office loans are scheduled to mature by the end of 2025.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, net charge-offs decreased $70 million and $251 million to $202 million and $325 million compared to the same periods in 2024. Net charge-offs decreased primarily due to client-related resolution activities. We use a number of proactive risk mitigation initiatives to reduce adversely rated exposure in the commercial real estate portfolio, including transfers of deteriorating exposures for management by independent special asset officers and the pursuit of loan restructurings or asset sales to achieve the best results for our customers and the Corporation.
Table 30 presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region, based on the geographic location of the collateral, and by property type.
35 Bank of America

Table 30 Outstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
By Geographic Region
Northeast $ 15,613 $ 14,708
California 13,483 13,712
Southwest 7,614 7,719
Southeast 6,733 6,914
Florida 4,921 4,410
Midsouth 2,758 2,487
Illinois 2,657 2,996
Midwest 2,582 2,468
Northwest 1,595 1,979
Non-U.S. 6,000 6,109
Other 1,720 2,228
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans $ 65,676 $ 65,730
By Property Type
Non-residential
Office $ 13,273 $ 15,061
Industrial / Warehouse 12,354 13,166
Multi-family rental 11,085 11,022
Shopping centers / Retail 5,918 5,603
Hotel / Motels 4,507 4,680
Multi-use 2,511 2,162
Other 14,933 13,179
Total non-residential 64,581 64,873
Residential 1,095 857
Total outstanding commercial real estate loans $ 65,676 $ 65,730

U.S. Small Business Commercial
The U.S. small business commercial loan portfolio is comprised of small business card loans and small business loans primarily managed in
Consumer Banking
. Credit card-related products were 52 percent and 53 percent of the U.S. small business commercial portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and represented 98 percent of net charge-offs for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. Accruing loans that were past due 90 days or more remained relatively unchanged during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity
Table 31 presents the nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Nonperforming loans do not include loans accounted for under the fair value option. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, nonperforming commercial loans and leases increased $89 million to $3.4 billion. At June 30, 2025, nearly 100 percent of commercial nonperforming loans, leases and foreclosed properties were secured, and 51 percent were contractually current. Commercial nonperforming loans were carried at 82 percent of their unpaid principal balance, as the carrying value of these loans has been reduced to the estimated collateral value less costs to sell.
Bank of America 36

Table 31 Nonperforming Commercial Loans, Leases and Foreclosed Properties Activity (1, 2)
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Nonperforming loans and leases, beginning of period $ 3,470 $ 3,186 $ 3,328 $ 2,773
Additions 1,105 704 1,749 1,710
Reductions:
Paydowns (484) (505) (759) (725)
Sales (107) (9) (107) (10)
Returns to performing status (3) (219) (129) (228) (133)
Charge-offs (348) (357) (566) (725)
Transfers to foreclosed properties — (88) — (88)
Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases (53) (384) 89 29
Total nonperforming loans and leases, June 30 3,417 2,802 3,417 2,802
Foreclosed properties, June 30 29 104 29 104
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties, June 30 $ 3,446 $ 2,906 $ 3,446 $ 2,906
Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases (4) 0.51 % 0.47 %
Nonperforming commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans, leases and foreclosed properties (4) 0.52 0.49

(1)
Balances do not include nonperforming loans held-for-sale of $481 million and $707 million at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(2)
Includes U.S. small business commercial activity. Small business card loans are excluded as they are not classified as nonperforming.
(3)
Commercial loans and leases may be returned to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection, or when a modified loan demonstrates a sustained period of payment performance.
(4)
Outstanding commercial loans exclude loans accounted for under the fair value option.
Industry Concentrations
Table 32 presents commercial committed and utilized credit exposure by industry. For information on net notional credit protection purchased to hedge funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation.
Commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries. Total commercial committed exposure increased $59.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $1.3 trillion. The increase in commercial committed exposure was concentrated in Finance companies, Asset managers and funds and Capital goods.
For information on industry limits, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management – Risk Mitigation in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Asset managers and funds, our largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $210.5 billion, increased $16.5 billion, or nine percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2025, which was primarily driven by investment-grade exposures.
Finance companies, our second largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $119.8 billion, increased $18.0 billion, or 18 percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in committed exposure was primarily driven by increases in Consumer finance, Thrifts and mortgage finance and Diversified financials.
Capital goods, our third largest industry concentration with committed exposure of $104.1 billion, increased $5.3 billion, or five percent, during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in committed exposure was driven by increases in Trading companies and distributors, Machinery, and Construction and engineering, partially offset by a decrease in Industrial conglomerates.
Various macroeconomic challenges, including geopolitical tensions, higher costs associated with inflationary pressures experienced over the past several years, elevated interest rates and ongoing negotiations and developments regarding international trade policies have led to uncertainty in the U.S. and global economies and have adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, a number of industries. We continue to monitor these risks.
37 Bank of America

Table 32 Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1)
Commercial Utilized Total Commercial Committed (2)
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Asset managers and funds $ 133,225 $ 118,123 $ 210,455 $ 193,947
Finance companies 87,100 74,975 119,835 101,828
Capital goods 55,105 51,367 104,108 98,780
Real estate (3) 69,699 69,841 96,793 95,981
Healthcare equipment and services 36,898 35,964 66,644 65,819
Materials 29,640 26,797 62,004 58,128
Consumer services 29,936 28,391 55,174 53,054
Retailing 26,763 24,449 54,041 53,471
Food, beverage and tobacco 25,149 25,763 50,436 54,370
Government and public education 32,747 32,682 50,402 48,204
Individuals and trusts 36,754 35,457 50,167 50,353
Commercial services and supplies 24,953 24,409 45,806 43,451
Utilities 19,280 18,186 43,748 42,107
Transportation 24,424 24,135 35,831 35,743
Energy 13,771 13,857 35,790 35,510
Technology hardware and equipment 10,638 11,526 31,429 30,093
Software and services 11,326 11,158 30,458 27,383
Global commercial banks 23,509 22,641 27,339 25,220
Vehicle dealers 18,618 18,194 24,496 23,855
Media 11,343 12,130 23,854 24,023
Insurance 11,055 12,640 23,077 23,445
Consumer durables and apparel 10,244 8,987 22,264 21,823
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 7,301 7,378 22,150 21,717
Automobiles and components 8,109 8,172 17,355 16,268
Telecommunication services 7,049 8,571 16,312 18,759
Food and staples retailing 6,645 7,206 12,488 12,777
Financial markets infrastructure (clearinghouses) 6,355 4,219 9,431 6,413
Religious and social organizations 2,368 2,285 4,057 4,066
Total commercial credit exposure by industry $ 780,004 $ 739,503 $ 1,345,944 $ 1,286,588

(1)
Includes U.S. small business commercial exposure.
(2)
Includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments, net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $11.0 billion and $10.4 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(3)
Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based on the primary business activity of the borrowers or counterparties using operating cash flows and primary source of repayment as key factors.
Risk Mitigation
We purchase credit protection to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposures. To lower the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels, we may add credit exposure within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio to hedge our funded and unfunded exposures for which we elected the fair value option, as well as certain other credit exposures, was $16.0 billion and $10.4 billion. We recorded net losses of $59 million and $56 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to net gains of $9 million and net losses of $16 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The gains and losses on these instruments were largely offset by gains and losses on the related exposures. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) results for the exposures under the fair value option are included in the fair value option portfolio information in Table 38. For more information, see Trading Risk Management on page 42.
Tables 33 and 34 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 33 Net Credit Default Protection by Maturity
June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Less than or equal to one year 22 % 24 %
Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years 77 76
Greater than five years 1 —
Total net credit default protection 100 % 100 %

Bank of America 38

Table 34 Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating
Net Notional (1) Percent of Total Net Notional (1) Percent of Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Ratings (2, 3)
AAA $ (195) 1.2 % $ (120) 1.1 %
AA (1,948) 12.2 (960) 9.2
A (6,409) 40.0 (4,978) 47.7
BBB (5,447) 34.0 (3,385) 32.4
BB (1,089) 6.8 (526) 5.0
B (576) 3.6 (385) 3.7
CCC and below (70) 0.4 (82) 0.8
NR (4) (289) 1.8 — 0.1
Total net credit default protection $ (16,023) 100.0 % $ (10,436) 100.0 %

(1)
Represents net credit default protection purchased.
(2)
Ratings are refreshed on a quarterly basis.
(3)
Ratings of BBB- or higher are considered to meet the definition of investment grade.
(4)
NR is comprised of index positions held and any names that have not been rated.
For more information on credit derivatives and counterparty credit risk valuation adjustments, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Non-U.S. Portfolio
Our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios are subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage non-U.S. risk and exposures. In addition to the direct risk of doing business in a country, we also are exposed to indirect country risks (e.g., related to the collateral received on secured financing transactions or related to client clearing activities). These indirect exposures are managed in the normal course of business through credit, market and operational risk governance rather than through country risk governance. For more information on our non-U.S. credit and trading portfolios, see Non-U.S. Portfolio in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on risks related to our non-U.S. portfolio, see the Geopolitical section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 35 presents our 20 largest non-U.S. country exposures at June 30, 2025. These exposures accounted for 88 percent of our total non-U.S. exposure at June 30, 2025 and 89 percent
at
December 31, 2024. Net country exposure for these 20 countries increased $35.9 billion from December 31, 2024 primarily driven by increases in the United Kingdom, Germany and France.
Table 35 Top 20 Non-U.S. Countries Exposure
(Dollars in millions) Funded Loans and Loan Equivalents Unfunded Loan Commitments Net Counterparty Exposure Securities/ Other Investments Country Exposure at June 30 2025 Hedges and Credit Default Protection Net Country Exposure at June 30 2025 Increase (Decrease) from December 31 2024
United Kingdom $ 40,512 $ 18,421 $ 7,434 $ 5,825 $ 72,192 $ (2,187) $ 70,005 $ 7,960
Germany 28,768 11,570 3,120 1,051 44,509 (2,069) 42,440 5,402
Canada 14,645 11,737 1,859 4,271 32,512 (534) 31,978 506
France 17,199 11,003 1,908 3,036 33,146 (2,123) 31,023 4,869
Australia 17,204 5,421 625 2,385 25,635 (324) 25,311 3,175
Japan 11,318 1,692 2,780 3,555 19,345 (730) 18,615 (626)
Brazil 10,490 1,288 1,070 5,255 18,103 (146) 17,957 1,219
India 7,270 224 715 4,780 12,989 (69) 12,920 (866)
Singapore 5,382 686 529 5,409 12,006 (67) 11,939 2,052
Switzerland 5,576 5,342 873 255 12,046 (284) 11,762 1,161
China 4,723 260 630 4,887 10,500 (291) 10,209 987
South Korea 5,131 1,269 757 3,049 10,206 (243) 9,963 1,520
Ireland 6,797 1,889 828 370 9,884 (201) 9,683 1,422
Netherlands 3,854 4,122 1,105 1,086 10,167 (632) 9,535 1,406
Italy 5,937 2,711 545 640 9,833 (394) 9,439 1,550
Mexico 4,766 1,903 522 1,006 8,197 (210) 7,987 (55)
Spain 3,694 3,438 109 1,087 8,328 (359) 7,969 1,866
Hong Kong 3,285 590 1,083 1,256 6,214 (61) 6,153 1,063
Indonesia 1,080 — 37 4,076 5,193 (40) 5,153 732
Belgium 938 1,358 516 1,250 4,062 (150) 3,912 537
Total top 20 non-U.S. countries exposure $ 198,569 $ 84,924 $ 27,045 $ 54,529 $ 365,067 $ (11,114) $ 353,953 $ 35,880

Our largest non-U.S. country exposure at June 30, 2025 was the United Kingdom with net exposure of $70.0 billion, which increased $8.0 billion from December 31, 2024 primarily due to increased exposure to financial institutions. Our second largest non-U.S. country exposure was Germany with net exposure of $42.4 billion at June 30, 2025, which increased $5.4 billion from December 31, 2024 primarily due to increased deposits with the central bank.
39 Bank of America

Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses increased $98 million from December 31, 2024 to $14.4 billion at June 30, 2025, which included a reserve increase of $9 million and $89 million related to the consumer and commercial portfolios, respectively.
Table 36 presents an allocation of the allowance for credit losses by product type at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 36 Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type
Amount Percent of Total Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1) Amount Percent of Total Percent of Loans and Leases Outstanding (1)
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Residential mortgage $ 290 2.18 % 0.12 % $ 264 1.99 % 0.12 %
Home equity 56 0.42 0.21 29 0.22 0.11
Credit card 7,456 56.10 7.37 7,515 56.76 7.26
Direct/Indirect consumer 712 5.36 0.65 700 5.29 0.65
Other consumer 64 0.48 n/m 62 0.47 n/m
Total consumer 8,578 64.54 1.82 8,570 64.73 1.84
U.S. commercial (2) 2,816 21.18 0.64 2,637 19.91 0.65
Non-U.S. commercial 773 5.82 0.52 778 5.88 0.57
Commercial real estate 1,082 8.14 1.65 1,219 9.21 1.85
Commercial lease financing 42 0.32 0.27 36 0.27 0.23
Total commercial 4,713 35.46 0.71 4,670 35.27 0.75
Allowance for loan and lease losses 13,291 100.00 % 1.17 13,240 100.00 % 1.21
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments 1,143 1,096
Allowance for credit losses $ 14,434 $ 14,336

(1)
Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(2)
Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for U.S. small business commercial loans of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
n/m = not meaningful
Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were relatively unchanged compared to the same periods in 2024. The provision for credit losses increased $84 million to $1.6 billion and $245 million
to
$3.1 billion

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The provision for credit losses for the current-year periods was primarily driven by the credit card portfolio, including an impact from a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by improved asset quality. The provision for credit losses for the prior-year periods was primarily driven by activity specific to credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio, partially offset by an improved macroeconomic outlook. The provision for credit losses for the consumer portfolio, including unfunded lending commitments, decreased $9 million to $1.1 billion and increased $131 million to $2.2 billion

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025
compared to the same periods in 2024. The provision for credit losses for the commercial portfolio, including unfunded lending commitments, increased $93 million to $507 million and $114 million to $888 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
Table 37 presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses, including certain loan and allowance ratios for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For more information on the Corporation’s credit loss accounting policies and activity related to the allowance for credit losses, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 40

Table 37 Allowance for Credit Losses
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses, beginning of period $ 13,256 $ 13,213 $ 13,240 $ 13,342
Loans and leases charged off
Residential mortgage (9) (5) (12) (13)
Home equity (5) (3) (8) (6)
Credit card (1,148) (1,106) (2,326) (2,151)
Direct/Indirect consumer (81) (89) (186) (191)
Other consumer (70) (72) (136) (150)
Total consumer charge-offs (1,313) (1,275) (2,668) (2,511)
U.S. commercial (1) (298) (226) (542) (422)
Non-U.S. commercial — — (8) (1)
Commercial real estate (210) (278) (336) (582)
Commercial lease financing (3) — (3) (1)
Total commercial charge-offs (511) (504) (889) (1,006)
Total loans and leases charged off (1,824) (1,779) (3,557) (3,517)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off
Residential mortgage 7 5 10 10
Home equity 15 17 30 33
Credit card 194 151 371 297
Direct/Indirect consumer 34 38 69 75
Other consumer 4 5 10 9
Total consumer recoveries 254 216 490 424
U.S. commercial (2) 35 21 76 43
Non-U.S. commercial — 3 1 13
Commercial real estate 8 6 11 6
Commercial lease financing 2 — 2 —
Total commercial recoveries 45 30 90 62
Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 299 246 580 486
Net charge-offs (1,525) (1,533) (2,977) (3,031)
Provision for loan and lease losses 1,560 1,562 3,026 2,932
Other — (4) 2 (5)
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30 13,291 13,238 13,291 13,238
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, beginning of period 1,110 1,158 1,096 1,209
Provision for unfunded lending commitments 32 (54) 46 (105)
Other 1 — 1 —
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30 1,143 1,104 1,143 1,104
Allowance for credit losses, June 30 $ 14,434 $ 14,342 $ 14,434 $ 14,342
Loan and allowance ratios (3) :
Loans and leases outstanding at June 30 $ 1,140,193 $ 1,053,588 $ 1,140,193 $ 1,053,588
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding at June 30 1.17 % 1.26 % 1.17 % 1.26 %
Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at June 30 1.82 1.86 1.82 1.86
Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding at June 30 0.71 0.79 0.71 0.79
Average loans and leases outstanding $ 1,120,764 $ 1,048,300 $ 1,105,318 $ 1,046,511
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding 0.55 % 0.59 % 0.54 % 0.58 %
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases at June 30 222 242 222 242
Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at June 30 to annualized net charge-offs 2.17 2.15 2.21 2.17
Amounts included in allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at June 30 (4) $ 8,714 $ 8,453 $ 8,714 $ 8,453
Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases, excluding the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans and leases that are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases at June 30 (4) 77 % 87 % 77 % 87 %

(1)
Includes U.S. small business commercial charge-offs of $149 million and $296 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $130 million and $248 million for the same periods in 2024.
(2)
Includes U.S. small business commercial recoveries of $15 million and $29 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $12 million and $22 million for the same periods in 2024.
(3)
Ratios are calculated as allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of loans and leases outstanding excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option.
(4)
Primarily includes amounts related to credit card and unsecured consumer lending portfolios in
Consumer Banking
.
41 Bank of America

Market Risk Management
For more information on our market risk management process, see Market Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on market risks, see the Market section within Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Market risk is the risk that changes in market conditions may adversely impact the value of assets or liabilities, or otherwise negatively impact earnings. This risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations, primarily within our
Global Markets
segment. We are also exposed to these risks in other areas of the Corporation (e.g., our ALM activities). In the event of market stress, these risks could have a material impact on our results.
Trading Risk Management
To evaluate risks in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of revenues generated by individual positions as well as portfolios of positions. VaR is a common statistic used to measure market risk. Our primary VaR statistic is equivalent to a 99 percent confidence level, which means that for a VaR with a one-day holding period, there should not be losses in excess of VaR, on average, 99 out of 100 trading days.
Table 38 presents the total market-based portfolio VaR, which is the combination of the total trading positions portfolio
and the fair value option portfolio. Prior to the first quarter of 2025, the Corporation presented its VaR using a total market-based portfolio VaR, which was primarily a combination of our total covered positions and certain less liquid trading positions. An insignificant amount of banking book positions was included in these portfolios. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, the VaR amounts for all periods presented in Table 38 and Table 39 exclude those banking book positions and include only the financial instruments used in the Corporation’s market risk management of its trading portfolios. For more information on the market risk VaR for trading activities, see Trading Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The total market-based portfolio VaR results in Table 38 include market risk to which we are exposed from all business segments’ trading activities, which exclude credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and the related hedges of these items. The majority of this portfolio is within the
Global Markets
segment.
Table 38 presents period-end, average, high and low daily trading VaR for the three months ended June 30, 2025, March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 using a 99 percent confidence level. The average of the trading portfolio VaR decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior quarter due to a reduction in interest rate risk.
Table 38 Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30
June 30, 2025 March 31, 2025 June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions) Period End Average High (1) Low (1) Period End Average High (1) Low (1) Period End Average High (1) Low (1) 2025 Average 2024 Average
Foreign exchange $ 25 $ 17 $ 25 $ 11 $ 12 $ 18 $ 36 $ 10 $ 21 $ 16 $ 25 $ 7 $ 17 $ 15
Interest rate 51 55 90 40 52 62 83 46 72 69 91 50 59 66
Credit 49 51 63 42 61 56 67 48 55 50 59 44 53 50
Mortgage 29 36 43 29 41 34 41 28 43 33 43 27 35 32
Equity 22 22 63 13 26 24 38 15 19 20 24 16 23 18
Commodities 8 9 12 7 11 10 13 7 12 10 13 9 10 10
Portfolio diversification (108) (106) n/a n/a (107) (113) n/a n/a (151) (125) n/a n/a (110) (123)
Total trading positions portfolio VaR 76 84 102 65 96 91 119 66 71 73 88 58 87 68
Fair value option loans 15 21 27 15 23 27 35 19 17 23 45 14 24 19
Fair value option hedges 12 15 18 12 14 19 28 11 7 15 26 7 17 11
Fair value option portfolio diversification (18) (24) n/a n/a (23) (30) n/a n/a (10) (23) n/a n/a (27) (16)
Total fair value option portfolio 9 12 16 8 14 16 20 11 14 15 24 11 14 14
Portfolio diversification (6) (7) n/a n/a (4) (8) n/a n/a (8) (8) n/a n/a (7) (7)
Total market-based portfolio $ 79 $ 89 111 72 $ 106 $ 99 127 73 $ 77 $ 80 97 66 $ 94 $ 75

(1)
The high and low for each portfolio may have occurred on different trading days than the high and low for the components. Therefore, the amount of portfolio diversification, which is the difference between the total portfolio and the sum of the individual components, is not relevant.
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 42

The following graph presents the trading positions portfolio VaR for the previous five quarters, corresponding to the data in Table 38.
Additional VaR statistics produced within our single VaR model are provided in Table 39 at the same level of detail as in Table 38. Evaluating VaR with additional statistics allows for an increased understanding of the risks in the portfolio, as the historical market data used in the VaR calculation does not necessarily follow a predefined statistical distribution. Table 39 presents average trading VaR statistics at 99 percent and 95 percent confidence levels for the three months ended June 30, 2025, March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024.
Table 39 Average Market Risk VaR for Trading Activities – 99 percent and 95 percent VaR Statistics
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2025 March 31, 2025 June 30, 2024
(Dollars in millions) 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent 99 percent 95 percent
Foreign exchange $ 17 $ 10 $ 18 $ 9 $ 16 $ 8
Interest rate 55 26 62 33 69 37
Credit 51 24 56 29 50 26
Mortgage 36 18 34 18 33 18
Equity 22 11 24 12 20 10
Commodities 9 6 10 6 10 6
Portfolio diversification (106) (60) (113) (68) (125) (69)
Total trading positions portfolio VaR 84 35 91 39 73 36
Fair value option loans 21 12 27 16 23 13
Fair value option hedges 15 8 19 11 15 8
Fair value option portfolio diversification (24) (14) (30) (19) (23) (13)
Total fair value option portfolio 12 6 16 8 15 8
Portfolio diversification (7) (3) (8) (3) (8) (4)
Total market-based portfolio $ 89 $ 38 $ 99 $ 44 $ 80 $ 40

Backtesting
The accuracy of the VaR methodology is evaluated by backtesting, which compares the daily VaR results, utilizing a one-day holding period, against a comparable subset of trading revenue. For more information on our backtesting process, see Trading Risk Management – Backtesting in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no days where this subset of trading revenue had losses that exceeded our total covered portfolio VaR, utilizing a one-day holding period.
43 Bank of America

Total Trading-related Revenue
Total trading-related revenue, excluding brokerage fees, and CVA, DVA and funding valuation adjustment gains (losses), represents the total amount earned from trading positions, including market-based net interest income, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Total Trading-related Revenue in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue
for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 94 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million. This compares to the three months ended March 31, 2025 where positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 100 percent of the trading days, of which 98 percent were daily trading gains of over $25 million.
Trading Portfolio Stress Testing
Because the very nature of a VaR model suggests results can exceed our estimates and it is dependent on a limited historical window, we also stress test our portfolio using scenario analysis. This analysis estimates the change in the value of our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. For more information, see Trading Risk Management – Trading Portfolio Stress Testing in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book
The following discussion presents net interest income for banking book activities. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table 40 presents the spot and 12-month forward rates used in developing the forward curve used in our baseline forecasts at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Table 40 Forward Rates
Federal Funds SOFR 10-Year SOFR
June 30, 2025
Spot rates 4.50 % 4.45 % 3.69 %
12-month forward rates 3.39 3.30 3.72
December 31, 2024
Spot rates 4.50 % 4.49 % 4.07 %
12-month forward rates 4.00 3.94 4.07

Table 41 shows the potential pretax impact to forecasted net interest income over the next 12 months from June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 resulting from instantaneous parallel and non-parallel shocks to the market-based forward curve. Periodically, we evaluate the scenarios presented so that they are meaningful in the context of the current rate environment. Amounts presented reflect dynamic deposit sensitivities, which incorporate behavioral customer deposit balance changes that could occur under various scenarios. For more information, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Bank of America 44

Table 41 Estimated Banking Book Net Interest Income Sensitivity to Curve Changes
Short Rate (bps) Long Rate (bps)
(Dollars in billions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Parallel Shifts
+100 bps instantaneous shift +100 +100 $ 1.0 $ 1.1
-100 bps instantaneous shift -100 -100 (2.3) (2.3)
+200 bps instantaneous shift +200 +200 1.7 2.0
-200 bps instantaneous shift -200 -200 (5.3) (5.4)
Flatteners
Short-end instantaneous change +100 — 0.9 1.1
Long-end instantaneous change — -100 (0.2) (0.1)
Steepeners
Short-end instantaneous change -100 — (2.0) (2.1)
Long-end instantaneous change — +100 0.2 0.1

We continue to be asset sensitive to a parallel upward move in interest rates, with the majority of that impact coming from the short end of the yield curve. Additionally, higher interest rates negatively impact the fair value of our debt securities classified as available for sale and adversely affect accumulated OCI, and thus capital levels under the Basel 3 capital rules. Under instantaneous upward parallel shifts, the near-term adverse impact to Basel 3 capital would be reduced over time by offsetting positive impacts to net interest income generated from banking book activities. For more information on Basel 3, see Capital Management – Regulatory Capital on page 20.
As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, certain residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis in Table 41 assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shocks and does not assume any change in other macroeconomic variables normally correlated with changes in interest rates. In higher rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits is replaced with higher yielding deposits or market-based funding. Conversely, in lower rate scenarios, the analysis assumes that a portion of higher yielding deposits or market-based funding is replaced with low-cost or noninterest-bearing deposits.
For larger interest rate shift scenarios, the interest rate sensitivity may behave in a non-linear manner as there are numerous estimates and assumptions, which require a high degree of judgment and are often interrelated, that could impact the outcome. Pertaining to the mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage portfolio, if long-end interest rates were to significantly decrease over the next twelve months, for example over 200 bps, there would generally be an increase in customer prepayment behaviors with an incremental reduction to net interest income, noting that the extent of changes in customer prepayment activity can be impacted by multiple factors and is not necessarily limited to long-end interest rates. Conversely, if long-end interest rates were to significantly increase over the next twelve months, for example, over 200 bps, customer prepayments would likely modestly decrease and result in an incremental increase to net interest income. In addition, deposit pricing is rate sensitive in nature. This sensitivity is assumed to have non-linear impacts to larger short-end rate movements. In decreasing interest rate scenarios, and particularly where interest rates have decreased to small amounts, the ability to further reduce rates paid is reduced as customer rates near zero. In higher short-end rate scenarios, deposit pricing will likely increase at a faster rate, leading to incremental interest expense and reducing asset sensitivity. While the impact related to the above assumptions used in the asset sensitivity analysis can provide directional analysis on how net interest income will
be impacted in changing environments, the ultimate impact is dependent upon the interrelationship of the assumptions and factors, which vary in different macroeconomic scenarios.
Economic Value of Equity
In addition to interest rate sensitivity described above, the Corporation’s management of its interest rate exposures in the banking book also considers a long-term view of interest rate sensitivity through the measurement of Economic Value of Equity (EVE). EVE captures changes in the net present value of banking book assets and liabilities under various interest rate scenarios and its impact to Tier 1 capital. Similar to net interest income, the Corporation establishes limits for EVE. EVE is largely driven by the Corporation’s longer duration fixed-rate products, such as investment securities, residential mortgages and deposits. For assets or liabilities that have no stated maturity, such as deposits, the Corporation estimates the duration for measurement purposes.
Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts
We use interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts in our ALM activities to manage our interest rate and foreign exchange risks. Specifically, we use those derivatives to manage both the variability in cash flows and changes in fair value of various assets and liabilities arising from those risks. Our interest rate derivative contracts are generally non-leveraged swaps tied to various benchmark interest rates and foreign exchange basis swaps, options, futures and forwards, and our foreign exchange contracts include cross-currency interest rate swaps, foreign currency futures contracts, foreign currency forward contracts and options.
The derivatives used in our ALM activities can be split into two broad categories: designated accounting hedges and other risk management derivatives. Designated accounting hedges are primarily used to manage our exposure to interest rates as described in the Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book section and are included in the sensitivities presented in Table 41. The Corporation also uses foreign currency derivatives in accounting hedges to manage substantially all of the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations. By hedging the foreign exchange risk of our foreign operations, the Corporation's market risk exposure in this area is not significant.
Risk management derivatives are predominantly used to hedge foreign exchange risks related to various foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities and eliminate substantially all foreign currency exposures in the cash flows of the Corporation’s non-trading foreign currency-denominated financial instruments. These foreign exchange derivatives are sensitive to other market risk exposures such as cross-currency basis
45 Bank of America

spreads and interest rate risk. However, as these features are not a significant component of these foreign exchange derivatives, the market risk related to this exposure is not significant. For more information on the accounting for derivatives, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Mortgage Banking Risk Management
We originate, fund and service mortgage loans, which subject us to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks, among others. We determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale at the time of commitment and manage credit and liquidity risks by selling or securitizing a portion of the loans we originate.
Changes in interest rates impact the value of interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) and the related residential first mortgage loans held-for-sale (LHFS), as well as the value of the MSRs. Because the interest rate risks of these hedged items offset, we combine them into one overall hedged item with one combined economic hedge portfolio consisting of derivative contracts and securities. For more information on IRLCs and the related residential mortgage LHFS, see Mortgage Banking Risk Management in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Climate Risk
Climate risk is divided into two major categories, both of which span the seven key risk types discussed in Managing Risk on page 20: (1) Physical Risk: risks related to the physical impacts of climate change, driven by extreme weather events such as hurricanes and floods, as well as chronic longer-term shifts such as rising average global temperatures and sea levels, and (2) Transition Risk: risks related to the transition to a low-carbon economy, which may entail extensive policy, legal, technology and market changes.
Physical risks of climate change, such as more frequent and severe extreme weather events, can increase the Corporation’s risks, including credit risk by diminishing borrowers’ repayment capacity or collateral values, and operational risk by negatively impacting the Corporation’s facilities, employees, or third parties. Transition risks of climate change may amplify credit risks through the financial impacts of changes in policy, technology or the market on the Corporation or our counterparties. Unanticipated market changes can lead to sudden price adjustments and give rise to heightened market risk.
Our approach to managing climate risk is consistent with our risk management governance structure, from senior management to our Board and its committees, including the ERC and the Corporate Governance Committee (CGC) of the Board, which regularly discuss climate-related topics. The ERC oversees climate risk as set forth in our Risk Framework and Risk Appetite Statement. The CGC is responsible for overseeing the Corporation’s environmental sustainability-related activities and practices, and regularly reviews the Corporation’s related initiatives and policies.
Our Climate Risk Council consists of leaders across risk, Front Line Unit (FLU) and control functions, and meets routinely to discuss our approach to managing climate-related risks. The Corporation has a Climate and Environmental Risk Management function that is responsible for overseeing climate risk management. They are responsible for establishing the Climate Risk Framework (described below) and governance structure, and providing an independent assessment of enterprise-wide climate risks.
Based on the Corporation’s Risk Framework, we created our internal Climate Risk Framework, which addresses various global climate-related laws, rules, regulations and guidance. The framework describes how the Corporation identifies, measures, monitors and controls climate risk by enhancing existing risk management processes, includes examples of how climate risk manifests across the seven risk types, and details the roles and responsibilities for climate risk management across our three lines of defense (i.e., FLUs, Global Risk Management and Corporate Audit).
For more information on our governance framework, see the Managing Risk section in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on climate risk, see Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on climate- and sustainability-related matters and their importance in supporting our customers and clients, see the Corporation’s website, including its 2024 Sustainability at Bank of America document. The contents of the Corporation’s website, including the 2024 Sustainability at Bank of America document, are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Complex Accounting Estimates
Our significant accounting principles are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate the values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes in place to facilitate making these judgments. For more information, see Complex Accounting Estimates in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The nature of and accounting for goodwill and intangible assets are discussed in
Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets
and
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of June 30, 2025, goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet was as follows.
Table 42 Goodwill by Reporting Segment
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Consumer Banking $ 30,137 $ 30,137
Global Wealth & Investment Management 9,677 9,677
Global Banking 24,026 24,026
Global Markets 5,181 5,181
Total $ 69,021 $ 69,021

We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2025 using a quantitative assessment for the
Consumer Banking
reporting unit and a qualitative assessment for the remaining six reporting units. The quantitative assessment was performed for
Consumer Banking
because the Corporation combined its Consumer Lending and Deposits reporting units into a single reporting unit to correspond with the change in reporting structure that occurred in the
Consumer Banking
segment in the first quarter of 2025.
For the quantitative assessment, we compared the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, as measured by allocated equity. The fair value was estimated based on the
Bank of America 46

combination of an income approach (which utilizes the present value of cash flows to estimate fair value) and a market multiplier approach (which utilizes observable market prices and metrics of peer companies to estimate fair value). The cash flows used in the income approach were based on the Corporation’s three-year internal forecasts along with long-term terminal growth values, which were discounted at 10.50 percent. The discount rate was derived from a capital asset pricing model that incorporates the risk and uncertainty in the cash flow forecasts, the financial markets and industries similar to the reporting units. The market multiplier approach utilized various market multiples, primarily pricing multiples, from comparable publicly-traded companies in industries similar to
the reporting unit. In addition, a control premium was factored in based upon observed comparable premiums paid for change-in-control transactions for financial institutions.
For the qualitative assessment, we used various factors, including macroeconomic conditions and outlook, industry and market pricing multiples, financial performance and other relevant reporting unit considerations, to support that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than the reporting units’ carrying value.
Based on our assessments, we have concluded that none of our reporting units are at risk of impairment, as each of the reporting units’ fair values are substantially in excess of their carrying values.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Table 43 provides reconciliations of certain non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Table 43 Average and Period-end Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures (1)
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 Quarters 2024 Quarters
(Dollars in millions) Second First Fourth Third Second 2025 2024
Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity and average tangible common shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity $ 296,917 $ 295,787 $ 295,134 $ 294,985 $ 293,403 $ 296,355 $ 292,957
Goodwill (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) (1,893) (1,912) (1,932) (1,951) (1,971) (1,902) (1,980)
Related deferred tax liabilities 846 851 859 864 869 848 871
Tangible shareholders’ equity $ 226,849 $ 225,705 $ 225,040 $ 224,877 $ 223,280 $ 226,280 $ 222,827
Preferred stock (22,573) (22,307) (23,493) (25,984) (28,113) (22,440) (28,255)
Tangible common shareholders’ equity $ 204,276 $ 203,398 $ 201,547 $ 198,893 $ 195,167 $ 203,840 $ 194,572
Reconciliation of period-end shareholders’ equity to period-end tangible shareholders’ equity and period-end tangible common shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity $ 299,599 $ 295,581 $ 295,559 $ 296,512 $ 293,892
Goodwill (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) (1,880) (1,899) (1,919) (1,938) (1,958)
Related deferred tax liabilities 842 846 851 859 864
Tangible shareholders’ equity $ 229,540 $ 225,507 $ 225,470 $ 226,412 $ 223,777
Preferred stock (23,495) (20,499) (23,159) (24,554) (26,548)
Tangible common shareholders’ equity $ 206,045 $ 205,008 $ 202,311 $ 201,858 $ 197,229
Reconciliation of period-end assets to period-end tangible assets
Assets $ 3,441,142 $ 3,349,424 $ 3,261,519 $ 3,324,293 $ 3,257,996
Goodwill (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021) (69,021)
Intangible assets (excluding MSRs) (1,880) (1,899) (1,919) (1,938) (1,958)
Related deferred tax liabilities 842 846 851 859 864
Tangible assets $ 3,371,083 $ 3,279,350 $ 3,191,430 $ 3,254,193 $ 3,187,881

(1)
For more information on non-GAAP financial measures and ratios we use in assessing the results of the Corporation, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 7.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
See Market Risk Management on page 42 in the MD&A and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
47 Bank of America

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Income
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(In millions, except per share information) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income
Interest income $ 34,873 $ 36,854 $ 68,939 $ 73,139
Interest expense 20,203 23,152 39,826 45,405
Net interest income 14,670 13,702 29,113 27,734
Noninterest income
Fees and commissions 9,469 8,969 18,884 17,629
Market making and similar activities 3,153 3,298 6,737 7,186
Other income (loss) ( 829 ) ( 592 ) ( 905 ) ( 1,354 )
Total noninterest income 11,793 11,675 24,716 23,461
Total revenue, net of interest expense 26,463 25,377 53,829 51,195
Provision for credit losses 1,592 1,508 3,072 2,827
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits 10,332 9,826 21,221 20,021
Information processing and communications 1,819 1,763 3,713 3,563
Occupancy and equipment 1,836 1,818 3,692 3,629
Product delivery and transaction related 974 891 1,888 1,742
Professional fees 640 654 1,292 1,202
Marketing 563 487 1,069 942
Other general operating 1,019 870 2,078 2,447
Total noninterest expense 17,183 16,309 34,953 33,546
Income before income taxes 7,688 7,560 15,804 14,822
Income tax expense 572 663 1,292 1,251
Net income $ 7,116 $ 6,897 $ 14,512 $ 13,571
Preferred stock dividends and other 291 315 697 847
Net income applicable to common shareholders $ 6,825 $ 6,582 $ 13,815 $ 12,724
Per common share information
Earnings $ 0.90 $ 0.83 $ 1.81 $ 1.60
Diluted earnings 0.89 0.83 1.79 1.59
Average common shares issued and outstanding 7,581.2 7,897.9 7,629.5 7,933.3
Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding 7,651.6 7,960.9 7,711.2 7,996.2

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 7,116 $ 6,897 $ 14,512 $ 13,571
Other comprehensive income (loss), net-of-tax:
Net change in debt securities ( 315 ) ( 305 ) 51 27
Net change in debit valuation adjustments ( 153 ) 53 144 ( 135 )
Net change in derivatives 1,196 686 2,509 270
Employee benefit plan adjustments 26 25 53 48
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments 13 ( 31 ) 24 ( 51 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) 767 428 2,781 159
Comprehensive income $ 7,883 $ 7,325 $ 17,293 $ 13,730

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 48

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet
June 30 2025 December 31 2024
(Dollars in millions)
Assets
Cash and due from banks $ 26,661 $ 26,003
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks 239,350 264,111
Cash and cash equivalents 266,011 290,114
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments 9,377 6,372
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (includes $ 185,143 and $ 144,501 measured at fair value) 352,392 274,709
Trading account assets (includes $ 180,332 and $ 170,328 pledged as collateral) 356,584 314,460
Derivative assets 42,711 40,948
Debt securities:
Carried at fair value 388,930 358,607
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value $ 448,179 and $ 450,548 ) 541,286 558,677
Total debt securities 930,216 917,284
Loans and leases (includes $ 6,863 and $ 4,249 measured at fair value) 1,147,056 1,095,835
Allowance for loan and lease losses ( 13,291 ) ( 13,240 )
Loans and leases, net of allowance 1,133,765 1,082,595
Premises and equipment, net 12,254 12,168
Goodwill 69,021 69,021
Loans held-for-sale (includes $ 2,409 and $ 2,214 measured at fair value) 5,401 9,545
Customer and other receivables 93,964 82,247
Other assets (includes $ 9,871 and $ 13,176 measured at fair value) 169,446 162,056
Total assets $ 3,441,142 $ 3,261,519
Liabilities
Deposits in U.S. offices:
Noninterest-bearing $ 514,530 $ 507,561
Interest-bearing (includes $ 991 and $ 310 measured at fair value) 1,363,483 1,329,014
Deposits in non-U.S. offices:
Noninterest-bearing 14,440 16,297
Interest-bearing 119,160 112,595
Total deposits 2,011,613 1,965,467
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase (includes $ 241,847 and $ 192,859 measured at fair value) 399,460 331,758
Trading account liabilities 107,426 92,543
Derivative liabilities 41,693 39,353
Short-term borrowings (includes $ 5,596 and $ 6,245 measured at fair value) 47,891 43,391
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $ 9,064 and $ 13,199 measured at fair value and $ 1,143 and $ 1,096 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments) 220,042 210,169
Long-term debt (includes $ 62,638 and $ 50,005 measured at fair value) 313,418 283,279
Total liabilities 3,141,543 2,965,960
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities and Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; authorized – 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 3,891,164 and 3,877,917 shares 23,495 23,159
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $ 0.01 par value; authorized – 12,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 7,436,679,485 and 7,610,862,311 shares 36,428 45,336
Retained earnings 252,180 242,349
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ( 12,504 ) ( 15,285 )
Total shareholders’ equity 299,599 295,559
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 3,441,142 $ 3,261,519
Assets of consolidated variable interest entities included in total assets above (isolated to settle the liabilities of the variable interest entities)
Trading account assets $ 5,668 $ 5,575
Loans and leases 18,617 19,144
Allowance for loan and lease losses ( 917 ) ( 919 )
Loans and leases, net of allowance 17,700 18,225
All other assets 633 319
Total assets of consolidated variable interest entities $ 24,001 $ 24,119
Liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities included in total liabilities above
Short-term borrowings (include s $ 0 and $ 0 of non-recourse short-term borrowings) $ 4,359 $ 3,329
Long-term debt (include s $ 8,839 and $ 8,457 of non-recourse debt) 8,839 8,457
All other liabilities (includes $ 23 and $ 21 of non-recourse liabilities) 23 21
Total liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities $ 13,221 $ 11,807

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
49 Bank of America

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Total Shareholders’ Equity
(In millions) Shares Amount
Balance, March 31, 2025 $ 20,499 7,560.1 $ 41,038 $ 247,315 $ ( 13,271 ) $ 295,581
Net income 7,116 7,116
Net change in debt securities ( 315 ) ( 315 )
Net change in debit valuation adjustments ( 153 ) ( 153 )
Net change in derivatives 1,196 1,196
Employee benefit plan adjustments 26 26
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments 13 13
Dividends declared:
Common ( 1,960 ) ( 1,960 )
Preferred ( 291 ) ( 291 )
Issuance of preferred stock 2,996 2,996
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other 0.4 692 692
Common stock repurchased ( 123.8 ) ( 5,302 ) ( 5,302 )
Balance, June 30, 2025 $ 23,495 7,436.7 $ 36,428 $ 252,180 $ ( 12,504 ) $ 299,599
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ 23,159 7,610.9 $ 45,336 $ 242,349 $ ( 15,285 ) $ 295,559
Net income 14,512 14,512
Net change in debt securities 51 51
Net change in debit valuation adjustments 144 144
Net change in derivatives 2,509 2,509
Employee benefit plan adjustments 53 53
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments 24 24
Dividends declared:
Common ( 3,952 ) ( 3,952 )
Preferred ( 688 ) ( 688 )
Issuance of preferred stock 2,996 2,996
Redemption of preferred stock ( 2,660 ) ( 9 ) ( 2,669 )
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other 52.1 915 ( 32 ) 883
Common stock repurchased ( 226.3 ) ( 9,823 ) ( 9,823 )
Balance, June 30, 2025 $ 23,495 7,436.7 $ 36,428 $ 252,180 $ ( 12,504 ) $ 299,599
Balance, March 31, 2024 $ 28,397 7,866.9 $ 54,310 $ 228,902 $ ( 18,057 ) $ 293,552
Net income 6,897 6,897
Net change in debt securities ( 305 ) ( 305 )
Net change in debit valuation adjustments 53 53
Net change in derivatives 686 686
Employee benefit plan adjustments 25 25
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments ( 31 ) ( 31 )
Dividends declared:
Common ( 1,887 ) ( 1,887 )
Preferred ( 310 ) ( 310 )
Redemption of preferred stock ( 1,849 ) ( 5 ) ( 1,854 )
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other 0.4 601 601
Common stock repurchased ( 92.5 ) ( 3,535 ) ( 3,535 )
Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 26,548 7,774.8 $ 51,376 $ 233,597 $ ( 17,629 ) $ 293,892
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 28,397 7,895.5 $ 56,365 $ 224,672 $ ( 17,788 ) $ 291,646
Net income 13,571 13,571
Net change in debt securities 27 27
Net change in debit valuation adjustments ( 135 ) ( 135 )
Net change in derivatives 270 270
Employee benefit plan adjustments 48 48
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments ( 51 ) ( 51 )
Dividends declared:
Common ( 3,797 ) ( 3,797 )
Preferred ( 842 ) ( 842 )
Redemption of preferred stock ( 1,849 ) ( 5 ) ( 1,854 )
Common stock issued under employee plans, net, and other 44.4 1,046 ( 2 ) 1,044
Common stock repurchased ( 165.1 ) ( 6,035 ) ( 6,035 )
Balance, June 30, 2024 $ 26,548 7,774.8 $ 51,376 $ 233,597 $ ( 17,629 ) $ 293,892

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bank of America 50

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Operating activities
Net income $ 14,512 $ 13,571
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 3,072 2,827
(Gains) losses on sales of debt securities 20 ( 14 )
Depreciation and amortization 1,136 1,081
Net accretion of discount/premium on debt securities ( 146 ) ( 394 )
Deferred income taxes ( 260 ) ( 883 )
Amortization of stock-based compensation 2,014 1,710
Net change in:
Trading and derivative assets/liabilities ( 25,849 ) ( 25,246 )
Loans held-for-sale 4,080 ( 1,293 )
Other assets ( 19,220 ) 1,335
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 9,581 6,183
Other operating activities, net ( 256 ) 3,680
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities ( 11,316 ) 2,557
Investing activities
Net change in:
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments ( 3,005 ) ( 23 )
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell ( 81,670 ) ( 54,628 )
Debt securities carried at fair value:
Proceeds from sales 61,564 24,454
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities 40,472 188,518
Purchases ( 123,638 ) ( 239,755 )
Held-to-maturity debt securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities 16,782 16,568
Loans and leases:
Proceeds from sales of loans originally classified as held for investment and instruments from related securitization activities 4,051 4,199
Purchases ( 11,136 ) ( 2,736 )
Other changes in loans and leases, net ( 47,086 ) ( 7,610 )
Other investing activities, net ( 2,262 ) ( 1,832 )
Net cash used in investing activities ( 145,928 ) ( 72,845 )
Financing activities
Net change in:
Deposits 46,146 ( 13,336 )
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase 71,689 84,219
Short-term borrowings 4,500 8,331
Long-term debt:
Proceeds from issuance 56,926 30,373
Retirement ( 35,964 ) ( 36,142 )
Preferred stock:
Proceeds from issuance 2,996 —
Redemption ( 2,669 ) ( 1,854 )
Common stock repurchased ( 9,823 ) ( 6,035 )
Cash dividends paid ( 4,752 ) ( 4,735 )
Other financing activities, net ( 1,158 ) ( 463 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 127,891 60,358
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 5,250 ( 2,511 )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 24,103 ) ( 12,441 )
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 290,114 333,073
Cash and cash equivalents at June 30 $ 266,011 $ 320,632

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
51 Bank of America

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1
Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
Bank of America Corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in certain international markets. The term “the Corporation” as used herein may refer to Bank of America Corporation, individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of acquired companies are included from the dates of acquisition, and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it
owns a voting interest and for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments, which include the Corporation’s interests in affordable housing and renewable energy partnerships, are recorded in other assets. Equity method investments are subject to impairment testing, and the Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in other income.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The nature of the Corporation’s business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results, have been made. The Corporation evaluates subsequent events through the date of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Bank of America 52

NOTE 2
Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income
The table below presents the Corporation’s net interest income and noninterest income disaggregated by revenue source for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For more information, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a disaggregation of noninterest income by business segment and
All Othe
r, see
Note 17 – Business Segment Information
.
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income
Interest income
Loans and leases $ 15,651 $ 15,338 $ 30,874 $ 30,578
Debt securities 6,913 6,325 13,680 12,462
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell 4,094 5,159 7,868 10,334
Trading account assets 3,057 2,516 6,065 4,971
Other interest income (1) 5,158 7,516 10,452 14,794
Total interest income 34,873 36,854 68,939 73,139
Interest expense
Deposits 8,681 9,655 17,313 18,793
Short-term borrowings 7,435 9,070 14,398 17,605
Trading account liabilities 676 540 1,383 1,086
Long-term debt 3,411 3,887 6,732 7,921
Total interest expense 20,203 23,152 39,826 45,405
Net interest income $ 14,670 $ 13,702 $ 29,113 $ 27,734
Noninterest income
Fees and commissions
Card income
Interchange fees (2) $ 1,036 $ 1,023 $ 1,952 $ 1,954
Other card income 610 558 1,212 1,090
Total card income 1,646 1,581 3,164 3,044
Service charges
Deposit-related fees 1,265 1,172 2,493 2,294
Lending-related fees 350 335 683 655
Total service charges 1,615 1,507 3,176 2,949
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees 3,698 3,370 7,436 6,640
Brokerage fees 1,082 950 2,157 1,867
Total investment and brokerage services 4,780 4,320 9,593 8,507
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income 806 869 1,576 1,770
Syndication fees 289 318 658 612
Financial advisory services 333 374 717 747
Total investment banking fees 1,428 1,561 2,951 3,129
Total fees and commissions 9,469 8,969 18,884 17,629
Market making and similar activities 3,153 3,298 6,737 7,186
Other income (loss) ( 829 ) ( 592 ) ( 905 ) ( 1,354 )
Total noninterest income $ 11,793 $ 11,675 $ 24,716 $ 23,461

(1)
Includes interest income on interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks of $
2.8
billion and $
4.5
billion for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and $
5.7
billion and $
9.0
billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(2)
Gross interchange fees and merchant income were $
3.5
billion for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and are presented net of $
2.4
billion of expenses for rewards and partner payments as well as certain other card costs for both periods. Gross interchange fees and merchant income were $
6.8
billion and $
6.7
billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and are presented net of $
4.8
billion and $
4.7
billion of expenses for rewards and partner payments as well as certain other card costs for the same periods.

53 Bank of America

NOTE 3
 
Derivatives
Derivative Balances
Derivatives are entered into on behalf of customers, for trading or to support risk management activities. Derivatives used in risk management activities include derivatives that may or may not be designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships. Derivatives that are not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships are referred to as other risk management derivatives. For more information on the Corporation’s derivatives and hedging activities, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
and
Note 3 –
Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following tables present derivative instruments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in derivative assets and liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and have been reduced by cash collateral received or paid.
June 30, 2025
Gross Derivative Assets Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions) Contract/ Notional (1) Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives Qualifying Accounting Hedges Total Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives Qualifying Accounting Hedges Total
Interest rate contracts
Swaps $ 25,796.6 $ 74.6 $ 6.6 $ 81.2 $ 68.5 $ 10.2 $ 78.7
Futures and forwards 4,570.6 5.4 — 5.4 5.8 — 5.8
Written options (2) 1,977.6 — — — 26.8 — 26.8
Purchased options (3) 1,892.0 28.5 — 28.5 — — —
Foreign exchange contracts
Swaps 2,629.5 40.3 — 40.3 35.4 — 35.4
Spot, futures and forwards 5,691.7 52.0 0.1 52.1 52.0 1.1 53.1
Written options (2) 832.2 — — — 11.0 — 11.0
Purchased options (3) 742.9 10.8 — 10.8 — — —
Equity contracts
Swaps 603.8 17.4 — 17.4 21.1 — 21.1
Futures and forwards 139.1 2.2 — 2.2 2.0 — 2.0
Written options (2) 920.0 — — — 65.8 — 65.8
Purchased options (3) 885.8 61.1 — 61.1 — — —
Commodity contracts
Swaps 75.9 2.5 — 2.5 4.1 — 4.1
Futures and forwards 186.4 4.4 0.2 4.6 3.8 0.2 4.0
Written options (2) 74.2 — — — 3.8 — 3.8
Purchased options (3) 76.8 3.3 — 3.3 — — —
Credit derivatives (4)
Purchased credit derivatives:
Credit default swaps 457.9 1.8 — 1.8 3.1 — 3.1
Total return swaps/options 72.2 0.5 — 0.5 0.3 — 0.3
Written credit derivatives:
Credit default swaps 431.1 2.3 — 2.3 1.7 — 1.7
Total return swaps/options 85.7 0.4 — 0.4 1.1 — 1.1
Gross derivative assets/liabilities $ 307.5 $ 6.9 $ 314.4 $ 306.3 $ 11.5 $ 317.8
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements ( 242.4 ) ( 242.4 )
Less: Cash collateral received/paid ( 29.3 ) ( 33.7 )
Total derivative assets/liabilities $ 42.7 $ 41.7

(1)
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)
Includes certain out-of-the-money purchased options that have a liability amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(3)
Includes certain out-of-the-money written options that have an asset amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(4)
The net derivative asset (liability) and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $
571
million and $
404.9
billion, respectively, at June 30, 2025.
Bank of America 54

December 31, 2024
Gross Derivative Assets Gross Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions) Contract/ Notional (1) Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives Qualifying Accounting Hedges Total Trading and Other Risk Management Derivatives Qualifying Accounting Hedges Total
Interest rate contracts
Swaps $ 20,962.1 $ 71.9 $ 7.6 $ 79.5 $ 61.1 $ 15.2 $ 76.3
Futures and forwards 3,383.0 4.5 — 4.5 4.2 — 4.2
Written options (2) 1,931.2 — — — 29.0 — 29.0
Purchased options (3) 1,789.1 29.2 — 29.2 — — —
Foreign exchange contracts
Swaps 2,204.0 46.8 0.1 46.9 47.4 — 47.4
Spot, futures and forwards 4,273.5 55.4 2.1 57.5 52.4 0.4 52.8
Written options (2) 652.6 — — — 10.7 — 10.7
Purchased options (3) 578.3 10.5 — 10.5 — — —
Equity contracts
Swaps 520.4 12.8 — 12.8 14.2 — 14.2
Futures and forwards 129.0 2.3 — 2.3 1.5 — 1.5
Written options (2) 831.6 — — — 55.1 — 55.1
Purchased options (3) 770.1 50.1 — 50.1 — — —
Commodity contracts
Swaps 64.8 2.1 — 2.1 3.6 — 3.6
Futures and forwards 165.8 4.0 — 4.0 2.3 0.8 3.1
Written options (2) 69.5 — — — 2.7 — 2.7
Purchased options (3) 75.2 2.9 — 2.9 — — —
Credit derivatives (4)
Purchased credit derivatives:
Credit default swaps 408.3 1.7 — 1.7 2.6 — 2.6
Total return swaps/options 98.0 1.0 — 1.0 0.7 — 0.7
Written credit derivatives:
Credit default swaps 388.2 2.0 — 2.0 1.6 — 1.6
Total return swaps/options 81.4 1.1 — 1.1 0.2 — 0.2
Gross derivative assets/liabilities $ 298.3 $ 9.8 $ 308.1 $ 289.3 $ 16.4 $ 305.7
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements ( 237.1 ) ( 237.1 )
Less: Cash collateral received/paid ( 30.1 ) ( 29.2 )
Total derivative assets/liabilities $ 40.9 $ 39.4

(1)
Represents the total contract/notional amount of derivative assets and liabilities outstanding.
(2)
Includes certain out-of-the-money purchased options that have a liability amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(3)
Includes certain out-of-the-money written options that have an asset amount primarily due to the deferral of option premiums to the end of the contract.
(4)
The net derivative asset (liability) and notional amount of written credit derivatives for which the Corporation held purchased credit derivatives with identical underlying referenced names were $
406
million and $
361.2
billion, respectively, at December 31, 2024.
Offsetting of Derivatives
The Corporation enters into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) master netting agreements or similar agreements with substantially all of the Corporation’s derivative counterparties. For more information, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents derivative instruments included in derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by primary risk (e.g., interest rate risk) and the platform, where applicable,
on which these derivatives are transacted. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty and cash collateral netting. Total gross derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, which include reducing the balance for counterparty netting and cash collateral received or paid.
For more information on offsetting of securities financing agreements, see
Note 9 – Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash
.
55 Bank of America

Offsetting of Derivatives (1)
Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in billions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Interest rate contracts
Over-the-counter $ 108.6 $ 104.2 $ 108.8 $ 103.9
Exchange-traded — 0.1 0.1 0.1
Over-the-counter cleared 5.5 4.5 3.4 3.6
Foreign exchange contracts
Over-the-counter 100.9 97.7 112.7 109.1
Over-the-counter cleared 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Equity contracts
Over-the-counter 30.7 39.4 24.6 31.1
Exchange-traded 49.1 48.1 39.8 38.5
Commodity contracts
Over-the-counter 7.6 8.8 6.2 7.0
Exchange-traded 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.6
Over-the-counter cleared 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5
Credit derivatives
Over-the-counter 4.9 6.2 5.8 5.0
Total gross derivative assets/liabilities, before netting
Over-the-counter 252.7 256.3 258.1 256.1
Exchange-traded 51.2 50.2 41.9 40.2
Over-the-counter cleared 6.4 5.5 4.2 4.6
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received/paid
Over-the-counter ( 218.5 ) ( 223.2 ) ( 224.2 ) ( 223.5 )
Exchange-traded ( 47.9 ) ( 47.9 ) ( 39.0 ) ( 39.0 )
Over-the-counter cleared ( 5.3 ) ( 5.0 ) ( 4.0 ) ( 3.8 )
Derivative assets/liabilities, after netting 38.6 35.9 37.0 34.6
Other gross derivative assets/liabilities (2) 4.1 5.8 3.9 4.8
Total derivative assets/liabilities 42.7 41.7 40.9 39.4
Less: Financial instruments collateral (3) ( 18.1 ) ( 15.0 ) ( 18.1 ) ( 14.2 )
Total net derivative assets/liabilities $ 24.6 $ 26.7 $ 22.8 $ 25.2

(1)
Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a particular counterparty. Over-the-counter cleared derivatives include bilateral transactions between the Corporation and a counterparty where the transaction is cleared through a clearinghouse. Exchange-traded derivatives include listed options transacted on an exchange.
(2)
Consists of derivatives entered into under master netting agreements where the enforceability of these agreements is uncertain under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(3)
Amounts are limited to the derivative asset/liability balance and, accordingly, do not include excess collateral received/pledged. Financial instruments collateral includes securities collateral received or pledged and cash securities held and posted at third-party custodians that are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but shown as a reduction to derive net derivative assets and liabilities.
Derivatives Designated as Accounting Hedges
The Corporation uses various types of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates (fair value hedges). The Corporation also uses these types of contracts to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated non-U.S.
operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward exchange contracts and cross-currency basis swaps, and by issuing foreign currency- denominated debt (net investment hedges).
Fair Value Hedges
The table below summarizes information related to fair value hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Gains and Losses on Derivatives and Hedged Items Designated in Fair Value Hedges
Derivative Hedged Item Derivative Hedged Item
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1) $ 1,368 $ ( 1,367 ) $ ( 486 ) $ 481
Interest rate and foreign currency risk (2) ( 165 ) 165 279 ( 285 )
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (3) ( 1,966 ) 1,934 315 ( 324 )
Price risk on commodity inventory (4) ( 201 ) 201 ( 166 ) 166
Total $ ( 964 ) $ 933 $ ( 58 ) $ 38
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Interest rate risk on long-term debt (1) $ 3,844 $ ( 3,847 ) $ ( 3,590 ) $ 3,571
Interest rate and foreign currency risk (2) ( 367 ) 367 623 ( 614 )
Interest rate risk on available-for-sale securities (3) ( 5,193 ) 5,112 2,805 ( 2,826 )
Price risk on commodity inventory (4) ( 1,298 ) 1,298 ( 386 ) 386
Total $ ( 3,014 ) $ 2,930 $ ( 548 ) $ 517

(1)
Amounts are recorded in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)
Represents cross-currency interest rate swaps related to available-for-sale debt securities and long-term debt. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the derivative amount includes gains (losses) of $(
16
) million and $(
7
) million in interest income, $(
148
) million and $(
358
) million in market making and similar activities, and $(
1
) million and $(
2
) million in accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI). For the same periods in 2024, the derivative amount includes gains (losses) of $
8
million and $
17
million in interest income, $
273
million and $
597
million in market making and similar activities, and $(
2
) million and $
9
million in accumulated OCI. Line item totals are in the Consolidated Statement of Income and on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(3)
Amounts are recorded in interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(4)
Amounts are recorded in market making and similar activities in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Bank of America 56

The table below summarizes the carrying value of hedged assets and liabilities that are designated in fair value hedging relationships, along with the cumulative amount of gains and losses on the hedged assets and liabilities that are included in their carrying value. There is no impact to earnings for the cumulative amount of these fair value hedging adjustments as long as the hedging relationships remain open through the
hedged period. Instead, the open hedges have the effect of synthetically converting the hedged assets and liabilities into variable-rate instruments. If an open hedge is de-designated prior to the derivative’s maturity, any cumulative fair value adjustments at the de-designation date are then amortized or accreted into earnings over the remaining life of the hedged assets or liabilities.
Designated Fair Value Hedged Assets and Liabilities
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) Carrying Value Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1) Carrying Value Cumulative Fair Value Adjustments (1)
Long-term debt $ 185,043 $ ( 1,367 ) $ 188,202 $ ( 7,263 )
Available-for-sale debt securities (2, 3) 255,695 755 244,664 ( 4,764 )
Trading account assets (4) 6,353 74 3,639 101

(1)
Increase (decrease) to carrying value.
(2)
These amounts include the amortized cost of the financial assets in closed portfolios used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged item is a stated layer that is expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship (i.e. portfolio layer hedging relationship). At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost of the closed portfolios used in these hedging relationships was $
32.2
billion and $
34.8
billion, of which $
25.6
billion and $
26.1
 billion were designated in a portfolio layer hedging relationship. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the cumulative adjustment associated with these hedging relationships was an increase of $
61
million and a decrease of $
435
million.
(3)
Carrying value represents amortized cost.
(4)
Represents hedging activities related to certain commodities inventory.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value basis adjustments recorded on long-term debt hedges decreased the long-term debt carrying value by $
12.6
billion and $
11.2
billion. The fair value adjustments from de-designated available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities hedges decreased the AFS debt securities carrying value by $
3.6
billion and $
4.4
billion. The fair value adjustments are being amortized or accreted into interest over the contractual lives of the assets or liabilities.
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
The table below summarizes certain information related to cash flow hedges and net investment hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Of the $
3.1
billion after-tax net loss ($
4.1
billion pretax) on derivatives in
accumulated OCI at June 30, 2025, losses of $
2.3
billion after-tax ($
3.1
billion pretax) related to both open and closed cash flow hedges are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to primarily decrease net interest income related to the respective hedged items. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately
four years
. For terminated cash flow hedges, the time period over which the forecasted transactions will be recognized in interest income is approximately
three years
, with the aggregated amount beyond this time period being insignificant.
Gains and Losses on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
Gains (Losses) Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivatives Gains (Losses) in Income Reclassified from Accumulated OCI Gains (Losses) Recognized in Accumulated OCI on Derivatives Gains (Losses) in Income Reclassified from Accumulated OCI
(Dollars in millions, amounts pretax) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate risk on variable-rate portfolios (1) $ 1,221 $ ( 377 ) $ 2,582 $ ( 770 )
Price risk on forecasted MBS purchases (1) — ( 2 ) — ( 4 )
Price risk on certain compensation plans (2) — 5 1 12
Total $ 1,221 $ ( 374 ) $ 2,583 $ ( 762 )
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange risk (3) $ ( 2,153 ) $ — $ ( 3,105 ) $ —
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate risk on variable-rate portfolios (1) $ 35 $ ( 882 ) $ ( 1,055 ) $ ( 1,396 )
Price risk on forecasted MBS purchases (1) — ( 2 ) — ( 4 )
Price risk on certain compensation plans (2) 5 8 19 17
Total $ 40 $ ( 876 ) $ ( 1,036 ) $ ( 1,383 )
Net investment hedges
Foreign exchange risk (3) $ 595 $ — $ 1,392 $ —

(1)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in compensation and benefits expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(3)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, amounts excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in market making and similar activities were gains of $
25
million and $
27
million. For the same periods in 2024, amounts excluded from effectiveness testing and recognized in market making and similar activities were gains of $
40
million and $
106
million.
57 Bank of America

Other Risk Management Derivatives
Other risk management derivatives are used by the Corporation to reduce certain risk exposures by economically hedging various assets and liabilities.
The table below presents gains (losses) on these derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. These gains (losses) are largely offset by the income or expense recorded on the hedged item.
Gains and Losses on Other Risk Management Derivatives
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Interest rate risk on mortgage activities (1, 2) $ 12 $ ( 10 ) $ 40 $ ( 40 )
Credit risk on loans (2) ( 23 ) 4 ( 22 ) ( 15 )
Interest rate and foreign currency risk on asset and liability management activities (3) ( 1,704 ) 82 ( 2,486 ) 173
Price risk on certain compensation plans (4) 377 53 181 295

(1)
Includes hedges of interest rate risk on mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) and interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) to originate mortgage loans that will be held for sale.
(2)
Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in other income.
(3)
Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in market making and similar activities.
(4)
Gains (losses) on these derivatives are recorded in compensation and benefits expense.
Transfers of Financial Assets with Risk Retained through Derivatives
The Corporation enters into certain transactions involving the transfer of financial assets that are accounted for as sales where substantially all of the economic exposure to the transferred financial assets is retained through derivatives (e.g., interest rate and/or credit), but the Corporation does not retain control over the assets transferred. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had transferred $
3.9
billion of non-U.S. government-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities to a third-party trust and retained economic exposure to the transferred assets through derivative contracts. In connection with these transfers, the Corporation received gross cash proceeds of $
3.9
billion at both transfer dates. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of the transferred securities was $
3.8
billion and $
3.6
billion.
Sales and Trading Revenue
The Corporation enters into trading derivatives to facilitate client transactions and to manage risk exposures arising from trading
account assets and liabilities. It is the Corporation’s policy to include these derivative instruments in its trading activities, which include derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments. The resulting risk from these derivatives is managed on a portfolio basis as part of the Corporation’s
Global Markets
business segment. For more information on sales and trading revenue, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The table below, which includes both derivatives and non-derivative cash instruments, identifies the amounts in the respective income statement line items attributable to the Corporation’s sales and trading revenue in
Global Markets
, categorized by primary risk, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. This table includes debit valuation adjustment (DVA) and funding valuation adjustment (FVA) gains (losses).
Global Markets
results in
Note 17 – Business Segment Information
are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis. The following table is not presented on an FTE basis.
Sales and Trading Revenue
Market making and similar activities Net Interest Income Other (1) Total Market making and similar activities Net Interest Income Other (1) Total
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Interest rate risk $ 478 $ 711 $ 132 $ 1,321 $ 978 $ 1,366 $ 252 $ 2,596
Foreign exchange risk 569 8 31 608 1,109 25 42 1,176
Equity risk 1,881 ( 297 ) 563 2,147 3,858 ( 639 ) 1,112 4,331
Credit risk 247 669 60 976 678 1,358 341 2,377
Other risk (2) 108 ( 25 ) ( 23 ) 60 282 ( 48 ) ( 15 ) 219
Total sales and trading revenue $ 3,283 $ 1,066 $ 763 $ 5,112 $ 6,905 $ 2,062 $ 1,732 $ 10,699
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Interest rate risk $ 559 $ 245 $ 108 $ 912 $ 1,412 $ 475 $ 185 $ 2,072
Foreign exchange risk 449 29 16 494 886 63 39 988
Equity risk 1,837 ( 339 ) 450 1,948 3,701 ( 768 ) 877 3,810
Credit risk 271 600 198 1,069 822 1,204 329 2,355
Other risk (2) 101 31 ( 18 ) 114 226 60 ( 31 ) 255
Total sales and trading revenue $ 3,217 $ 566 $ 754 $ 4,537 $ 7,047 $ 1,034 $ 1,399 $ 9,480

(1)
Represents amounts in investment and brokerage services and other income that are recorded in
Global Markets
and included in the definition of sales and trading revenue. Includes investment and brokerage services revenue of $
642
million and $
1.3
billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $
516
million and $
1.0
billion for the same periods in 2024.
(2)
Includes commodity risk.

Bank of America 58

Credit Derivatives
The Corporation enters into credit derivatives primarily to facilitate client transactions and to manage credit risk exposures. Credit derivatives are classified as investment and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying referenced obligation. The Corporation considers ratings of BBB- or higher as investment grade. Non-investment grade includes non-rated credit derivative instruments. The Corporation discloses internal categorizations of investment
grade and non-investment grade consistent with how risk is managed for these instruments. For more information on credit derivatives, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit derivative instruments where the Corporation is the seller of credit protection and their expiration at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized in the table below.
Credit Derivative Instruments
Less than One Year One to Three Years Three to Five Years Over Five Years Total
June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions) Carrying Value
Credit default swaps:
Investment grade $ — $ 1 $ 14 $ 15 $ 30
Non-investment grade 31 276 914 411 1,632
Total 31 277 928 426 1,662
Total return swaps/options:
Investment grade 29 2 — — 31
Non-investment grade 946 31 71 — 1,048
Total 975 33 71 — 1,079
Total credit derivatives $ 1,006 $ 310 $ 999 $ 426 $ 2,741
Credit-related notes:
Investment grade $ — $ 1 $ 3 $ 628 $ 632
Non-investment grade 6 — 20 1,074 1,100
Total credit-related notes $ 6 $ 1 $ 23 $ 1,702 $ 1,732
Maximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps:
Investment grade $ 41,852 $ 96,226 $ 158,055 $ 23,963 $ 320,096
Non-investment grade 17,645 36,611 52,882 3,862 111,000
Total 59,497 132,837 210,937 27,825 431,096
Total return swaps/options:
Investment grade 47,259 1,564 1,381 241 50,445
Non-investment grade 33,322 1,083 733 126 35,264
Total 80,581 2,647 2,114 367 85,709
Total credit derivatives $ 140,078 $ 135,484 $ 213,051 $ 28,192 $ 516,805
December 31, 2024
Carrying Value
Credit default swaps:
Investment grade $ — $ 3 $ 24 $ 16 $ 43
Non-investment grade 33 304 752 441 1,530
Total 33 307 776 457 1,573
Total return swaps/options:
Investment grade 93 — — — 93
Non-investment grade 145 — — — 145
Total 238 — — — 238
Total credit derivatives $ 271 $ 307 $ 776 $ 457 $ 1,811
Credit-related notes:
Investment grade $ — $ — $ 9 $ 715 $ 724
Non-investment grade 5 5 37 1,119 1,166
Total credit-related notes $ 5 $ 5 $ 46 $ 1,834 $ 1,890
Maximum Payout/Notional
Credit default swaps:
Investment grade $ 35,634 $ 87,302 $ 150,225 $ 21,482 $ 294,643
Non-investment grade 15,070 30,255 43,969 4,233 93,527
Total 50,704 117,557 194,194 25,715 388,170
Total return swaps/options:
Investment grade 54,041 1,288 1,185 238 56,752
Non-investment grade 22,762 1,452 292 98 24,604
Total 76,803 2,740 1,477 336 81,356
Total credit derivatives $ 127,507 $ 120,297 $ 195,671 $ 26,051 $ 469,526

The notional amount represents the maximum amount payable by the Corporation for most credit derivatives. However, the Corporation does not monitor its exposure to credit derivatives based solely on the notional amount because this
measure does not take into consideration the probability of occurrence. As such, the notional amount is not a reliable indicator of the Corporation’s exposure to these contracts. Instead, a risk framework is used to define risk tolerances and
59 Bank of America

establish limits so that certain credit risk-related losses occur within acceptable, predefined limits.
Credit-related notes in the table above include investments in securities issued by collateralized debt obligation (CDO), collateralized loan obligation (CLO) and credit-linked note vehicles. These instruments are primarily classified as trading securities. The carrying value of these instruments equals the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss. The Corporation is not obligated to make any payments to the entities under the terms of the securities owned.
Credit-related Contingent Features and Collateral
Certain of the Corporation’s derivative contracts contain credit risk-related contingent features, primarily in the form of ISDA master netting agreements and credit support documentation that enhance the creditworthiness of these instruments compared to other obligations of the respective counterparty with whom the Corporation has transacted. These contingent features may be for the benefit of the Corporation as well as its counterparties with respect to changes in the Corporation’s creditworthiness and the mark-to-market exposure under the derivative transactions. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation held cash and securities collateral of $
111.0
billion and $
105.9
billion and posted cash and securities collateral of $
95.7
billion and $
83.1
billion in the normal course of business under derivative agreements, excluding cross-product margining agreements where clients are permitted to margin on a net basis for both derivative and secured financing arrangements.
In connection with certain OTC derivative contracts and other trading agreements, the Corporation can be required to provide additional collateral or to terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of the senior debt ratings of the Corporation or certain subsidiaries. The amount of additional collateral required depends on the contract and is usually a fixed incremental amount and/or the market value of the exposure. For more information on credit-related contingent features and collateral, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At June 30, 2025, the amount of collateral, calculated based on the terms of the contracts, that the Corporation and certain subsidiaries could be required to post to counterparties but had not yet posted to counterparties was $
3.5
billion, including $
2.1
billion for Bank of America, National Association (BANA).
Some counterparties are currently able to unilaterally terminate certain contracts, or the Corporation or certain subsidiaries may be required to take other action such as find a suitable replacement or obtain a guarantee. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the liability recorded for these derivative contracts was not significant.
The table below presents the amount of additional collateral that would have been contractually required by derivative contracts and other trading agreements at June 30, 2025 if the rating agencies had downgraded their long-term senior debt ratings for the Corporation or certain subsidiaries by one incremental notch and by an additional second incremental notch. The table also presents derivative liabilities that would be subject to unilateral termination by counterparties upon downgrade of the Corporation's or certain subsidiaries’ long-term senior debt ratings.
Additional Collateral Required to be Posted and Derivative Liabilities Subject to Unilateral Termination Upon Downgrade at June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions) One Incremental Notch Second Incremental Notch
Additional collateral required to be posted upon downgrade
Bank of America Corporation $ 134 $ 870
Bank of America, N.A. and subsidiaries (1) 56 737
Derivative liabilities subject to unilateral termination upon downgrade
Derivative liabilities $ 35 $ 30
Collateral posted 23 15

(1)
Included in Bank of America Corporation collateral requirements in this table.
Valuation Adjustments on Derivatives
The table below presents credit valuation adjustment (CVA), DVA and FVA gains (losses) on derivatives (excluding the effect of any related hedge activities), which are recorded in market making and similar activities, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. For more information on the valuation adjustments on derivatives, see
Note 3 – Derivatives
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Valuation Adjustments Gains (Losses) on Derivatives (1)
Three Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Derivative assets (CVA) $ ( 39 ) $ ( 31 )
Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA) ( 31 ) ( 29 )
Derivative liabilities (DVA) ( 30 ) 27
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Derivative assets (CVA) $ ( 64 ) $ 31
Derivative assets/liabilities (FVA) ( 46 ) ( 15 )
Derivative liabilities (DVA) ( 3 ) ( 42 )

(1)
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, cumulative CVA reduced the derivative assets balance by $
392
million and $
328
million, cumulative FVA reduced the net derivative balance by $
112
million and $
66
million and cumulative DVA reduced the derivative liabilities balance by $
269
million and $
272
million.
Bank of America 60

NOTE 4

Securities
The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt securities, other debt securities carried at fair value and held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities at June 30, 2025

and

December 31, 2024
.
Debt Securities
Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency $ 30,730 $ 22 $ ( 1,538 ) $ 29,214 $ 32,781 $ 35 $ ( 1,614 ) $ 31,202
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations 18,990 6 ( 199 ) 18,797 19,519 17 ( 218 ) 19,318
Commercial 31,342 76 ( 501 ) 30,917 26,032 73 ( 503 ) 25,602
Non-agency residential (1) 277 53 ( 53 ) 277 287 50 ( 52 ) 285
Total mortgage-backed securities 81,339 157 ( 2,291 ) 79,205 78,619 175 ( 2,387 ) 76,407
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 262,218 138 ( 1,198 ) 261,158 235,582 150 ( 1,153 ) 234,579
Non-U.S. securities 26,384 58 ( 20 ) 26,422 22,453 20 ( 42 ) 22,431
Other taxable securities 3,261 3 ( 37 ) 3,227 4,646 2 ( 45 ) 4,603
Tax-exempt securities 8,203 18 ( 200 ) 8,021 8,628 17 ( 233 ) 8,412
Total available-for-sale debt securities 381,405 374 ( 3,746 ) 378,033 349,928 364 ( 3,860 ) 346,432
Other debt securities carried at fair value (2) 10,664 311 ( 78 ) 10,897 12,352 59 ( 236 ) 12,175
Total debt securities carried at fair value 392,069 685 ( 3,824 ) 388,930 362,280 423 ( 4,096 ) 358,607
Held-to-maturity debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed securities 413,305 — ( 78,149 ) 335,156 430,135 — ( 88,458 ) 341,677
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 121,471 — ( 14,139 ) 107,332 121,696 — ( 18,661 ) 103,035
Other taxable securities 6,546 2 ( 857 ) 5,691 6,882 1 ( 1,047 ) 5,836
Total held-to-maturity debt securities 541,322 2 ( 93,145 ) 448,179 558,713 1 ( 108,166 ) 450,548
Total debt securities (3,4) $ 933,391 $ 687 $ ( 96,969 ) $ 837,109 $ 920,993 $ 424 $ ( 112,262 ) $ 809,155

(1)
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the underlying collateral type included approximately
26
percent and
25
percent prime and
74
percent and
75
percent subprime.
(2)
Primarily includes non-U.S. securities used to satisfy certain international regulatory requirements. Any changes in value are reported in market making and similar activities. For detail on the components, see
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements
.
(3)
Includes securities pledged as collateral of $
209.8
billion and $
184.6
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(4)
The Corporation held debt securities from Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC) that each exceeded
10
percent of shareholders’ equity, with an amortized cost of $
254.2
billion and $
164.4
billion, and a fair value of $
208.7
billion and $
135.6
billion at June 30, 2025, and an amortized cost of $
260.9
billion and $
169.0
billion, and a fair value of $
209.6
billion and $
136.5
billion at December 31, 2024.
At June 30, 2025, the accumulated net unrealized loss on AFS debt securities, excluding the amount related to debt securities previously transferred to held to maturity, included in accumulated OCI was $
2.5
billion, net of the related income tax benefit of $
851
million. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, nonperforming AFS debt securities held by the Corporation were not significant.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $
883.2
billion and $
871.1
billion of AFS and HTM debt securities, which were predominantly U.S. agency and U.S. Treasury securities, have a zero credit loss assumption. For the same periods, the expected credit losses on the remaining $
39.5
billion and $
37.5
billion of AFS and HTM debt securities were insignificant. For more information on the zero credit loss assumption, see

Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles

to the Consolidated Financial Statements

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation held equity securities at an aggregate fair value of $
246
million and $
247
million

and other equity securities, as valued
under the measurement alternative, at a carrying value of $
464
million and $
438
million, both of which are included in other assets. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation also held money market investments at a fair value of $
1.6
billion and $
1.3
billion, which are included in time deposits placed and other short-term investments.
The gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the table below.
Gains and Losses on Sales of AFS Debt Securities
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Gross gains $ 5 $ 4 $ 16 $ 15
Gross losses ( 23 ) ( 1 ) ( 36 ) ( 1 )
Net gains (losses) on sales of AFS debt securities $ ( 18 ) $ 3 $ ( 20 ) $ 14
Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to realized net gains (losses) on sales of AFS debt securities $ ( 5 ) $ 1 $ ( 5 ) $ 4

61 Bank of America

The table below presents the fair value and the associated gross unrealized losses on AFS debt securities and whether these securities have had gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Total AFS Debt Securities in a Continuous Unrealized Loss Position
Less than Twelve Months Twelve Months or Longer Total
Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Continuously unrealized loss-positioned AFS debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency $ 1,575 $ ( 4 ) $ 20,416 $ ( 1,534 ) $ 21,991 $ ( 1,538 )
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations 14,779 ( 50 ) 1,528 ( 149 ) 16,307 ( 199 )
Commercial 15,297 ( 89 ) 4,993 ( 412 ) 20,290 ( 501 )
Non-agency residential — — 154 ( 53 ) 154 ( 53 )
Total mortgage-backed securities 31,651 ( 143 ) 27,091 ( 2,148 ) 58,742 ( 2,291 )
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 90,725 ( 115 ) 105,880 ( 1,083 ) 196,605 ( 1,198 )
Non-U.S. securities 4,773 ( 6 ) 4,299 ( 14 ) 9,072 ( 20 )
Other taxable securities 1,316 ( 2 ) 1,293 ( 35 ) 2,609 ( 37 )
Tax-exempt securities 889 ( 5 ) 2,004 ( 195 ) 2,893 ( 200 )
Total AFS debt securities in a continuous unrealized loss position $ 129,354 $ ( 271 ) $ 140,567 $ ( 3,475 ) $ 269,921 $ ( 3,746 )
December 31, 2024
Continuously unrealized loss-positioned AFS debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency $ 2,908 $ ( 22 ) $ 20,085 $ ( 1,592 ) $ 22,993 $ ( 1,614 )
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations 9,597 ( 21 ) 1,493 ( 197 ) 11,090 ( 218 )
Commercial 11,486 ( 57 ) 4,667 ( 446 ) 16,153 ( 503 )
Non-agency residential — — 160 ( 52 ) 160 ( 52 )
Total mortgage-backed securities 23,991 ( 100 ) 26,405 ( 2,287 ) 50,396 ( 2,387 )
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 75,753 ( 135 ) 69,027 ( 1,018 ) 144,780 ( 1,153 )
Non-U.S. securities 3,367 ( 26 ) 4,906 ( 16 ) 8,273 ( 42 )
Other taxable securities 3,192 ( 5 ) 814 ( 40 ) 4,006 ( 45 )
Tax-exempt securities 1,025 ( 20 ) 2,194 ( 213 ) 3,219 ( 233 )
Total AFS debt securities in a continuous unrealized loss position $ 107,328 $ ( 286 ) $ 103,346 $ ( 3,574 ) $ 210,674 $ ( 3,860 )

Bank of America 62

The remaining contractual maturity distribution and yields of the Corporation’s debt securities carried at fair value and HTM debt securities at June 30, 2025 are summarized in the table below. Actual duration and yields may differ as prepayments on the loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or other asset-backed securities (ABS) are passed through to the Corporation.
Maturities of Debt Securities Carried at Fair Value and Held-to-maturity Debt Securities
Due in One Year or Less Due after One Year through Five Years Due after Five Years through Ten Years Due after Ten Years Total
(Dollars in millions) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1) Amount Yield (1)
Amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency $ — — % $ 4 3.23 % $ 4 5.01 % $ 30,722 4.49 % $ 30,730 4.49 %
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations — — — — 1 1.00 18,989 5.72 18,990 5.72
Commercial 118 3.20 12,221 4.19 16,848 4.35 2,171 3.71 31,358 4.24
Non-agency residential — — — — — — 543 11.78 543 11.78
Total mortgage-backed securities 118 3.20 12,225 4.19 16,853 4.35 52,425 4.98 81,621 4.73
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 45,555 4.48 207,970 3.77 10,430 2.81 33 3.96 263,988 3.86
Non-U.S. securities 22,131 3.06 4,555 1.79 3,969 3.74 4,341 3.10 34,996 2.98
Other taxable securities 1,068 5.68 1,718 5.26 333 3.72 142 4.52 3,261 5.21
Tax-exempt securities 607 3.12 3,135 2.97 889 2.74 3,572 3.09 8,203 3.01
Total amortized cost of debt securities carried at fair value $ 69,479 4.03 $ 229,603 3.76 $ 32,474 3.73 $ 60,513 4.73 $ 392,069 3.95
Amortized cost of HTM debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed securities $ — — % $ — — % $ 51 2.91 % $ 413,254 2.11 % $ 413,305 2.11 %
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 249 2.77 44,199 1.53 77,023 1.31 — — 121,471 1.39
Other taxable securities 617 1.82 479 2.86 242 2.57 5,208 2.53 6,546 2.49
Total amortized cost of HTM debt securities $ 866 2.09 $ 44,678 1.55 $ 77,316 1.31 $ 418,462 2.12 $ 541,322 1.96
Debt securities carried at fair value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency $ — $ 4 $ 4 $ 29,206 $ 29,214
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations — — 1 18,796 18,797
Commercial 117 12,181 16,666 1,967 30,931
Non-agency residential — — — 529 529
Total mortgage-backed securities 117 12,185 16,671 50,498 79,471
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 45,621 207,106 10,169 31 262,927
Non-U.S. securities 22,407 4,565 3,969 4,340 35,281
Other taxable securities 1,066 1,710 321 133 3,230
Tax-exempt securities 607 3,110 881 3,423 8,021
Total debt securities carried at fair value $ 69,818 $ 228,676 $ 32,011 $ 58,425 $ 388,930
Fair value of HTM debt securities
Agency mortgage-backed securities $ — $ — $ 48 $ 335,108 $ 335,156
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 249 39,805 67,278 — 107,332
Other taxable securities 609 465 193 4,424 5,691
Total fair value of HTM debt securities $ 858 $ 40,270 $ 67,519 $ 339,532 $ 448,179

(1)
The weighted-average yield is computed based on a constant effective yield over the contractual life of each security. The yield considers the contractual coupon and the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, excluding the effect of related open hedging derivatives.
63 Bank of America

NOTE 5

Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
30-59 Days Past Due (1) 60-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option Total Outstandings
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Consumer real estate
Residential mortgage $ 1,289 $ 251 $ 722 $ 2,262 $ 233,051 $ 235,313
Home equity 81 30 116 227 25,915 26,142
Credit card and other consumer
Credit card 663 468 1,257 2,388 98,821 101,209
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 294 138 91 523 109,207 109,730
Other consumer — — — — 165 165
Total consumer 2,327 887 2,186 5,400 467,159 472,559
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 214 214
Total consumer loans and leases 2,327 887 2,186 5,400 467,159 214 472,773
Commercial
U.S. commercial 658 375 336 1,369 414,054 415,423
Non-U.S. commercial 8 28 14 50 148,625 148,675
Commercial real estate (4) 29 26 1,212 1,267 64,409 65,676
Commercial lease financing 14 14 32 60 15,692 15,752
U.S. small business commercial 206 95 205 506 21,602 22,108
Total commercial 915 538 1,799 3,252 664,382 667,634
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 6,649 6,649
Total commercial loans and leases 915 538 1,799 3,252 664,382 6,649 674,283
Total loans and leases (5) $ 3,242 $ 1,425 $ 3,985 $ 8,652 $ 1,131,541 $ 6,863 $ 1,147,056
Percentage of outstandings 0.28 % 0.12 % 0.35 % 0.75 % 98.65 % 0.60 % 100.00 %

(1)
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $
171
million and nonperforming loans of $
165
million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $
52
million and nonperforming loans of $
96
million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $
196
million and nonperforming loans of $
642
million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $
1.5
billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $
51
million of nonperforming loans.
(2)
Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $
54.8
billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $
51.2
billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $
2.9
billion.
(3)
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $
58
million and home equity loans of $
156
million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $
2.5
billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $
4.1
billion. For more information, see
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option
.
(4)
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $
59.7
billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $
6.0
billion.
(5)
Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $
25.2
billion. The Corporation also pledged $
311.2
billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank.
Bank of America 64

30-59 Days Past Due (1) 60-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days or More Past Due (1) Total Past Due 30 Days or More Total Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due (1) Loans Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option Total Outstandings
(Dollars in millions) December 31, 2024
Consumer real estate
Residential mortgage $ 1,222 $ 288 $ 788 $ 2,298 $ 225,901 $ 228,199
Home equity 80 40 127 247 25,490 25,737
Credit card and other consumer
Credit card 685 552 1,401 2,638 100,928 103,566
Direct/Indirect consumer (2) 290 113 106 509 106,613 107,122
Other consumer — — — — 151 151
Total consumer 2,277 993 2,422 5,692 459,083 464,775
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) $ 221 221
Total consumer loans and leases 2,277 993 2,422 5,692 459,083 221 464,996
Commercial
U.S. commercial 910 228 345 1,483 385,507 386,990
Non-U.S. commercial 65 17 4 86 137,432 137,518
Commercial real estate (4) 640 121 990 1,751 63,979 65,730
Commercial lease financing 32 9 19 60 15,648 15,708
U.S. small business commercial 190 94 199 483 20,382 20,865
Total commercial 1,837 469 1,557 3,863 622,948 626,811
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3) 4,028 4,028
Total commercial loans and leases 1,837 469 1,557 3,863 622,948 4,028 630,839
Total loans and leases (5) $ 4,114 $ 1,462 $ 3,979 $ 9,555 $ 1,082,031 $ 4,249 $ 1,095,835
Percentage of outstandings 0.38 % 0.13 % 0.36 % 0.87 % 98.74 % 0.39 % 100.00 %

(1)
Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $
188
million and nonperforming loans of $
174
million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $
71
million and nonperforming loans of $
107
million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $
229
million and nonperforming loans of $
686
million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $
1.5
billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $
54
million of nonperforming loans.
(2)
Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $
54.9
billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $
48.7
billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $
2.8
billion.
(3)
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $
59
million and home equity loans of $
162
million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $
2.8
billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $
1.3
billion. For more information, see
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements
and
Note 15 – Fair Value Option
.
(4)
Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $
59.6
billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $
6.1
billion.
(5)
Total outstandings includes loans and leases pledged as collateral of $
26.8
billion. The Corporation also pledged $
305.2
billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank.
The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $
7.5
billion and $
8.0
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
Nonperforming loans were $
6.0
billion at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Commercial nonperforming loans were $
3.4
billion and $
3.3
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, primarily comprised of commercial real estate and U.S. commercial. Consumer nonperforming loans
were $
2.6
billion at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, primarily comprised of residential mortgage.
The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
65 Bank of America

Credit Quality
Nonperforming Loans and Leases Accruing Past Due 90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Residential mortgage (1) $ 2,008 $ 2,052 $ 196 $ 229
With no related allowance (2) 1,836 1,883 — —
Home equity (1) 393 409 — —
With no related allowance (2) 323 334 — —
Credit Card n/a n/a 1,257 1,401
Direct/indirect consumer 163 186 8 1
Total consumer 2,564 2,647 1,461 1,631
U.S. commercial 1,277 1,204 66 90
Non-U.S. commercial 102 8 3 4
Commercial real estate 1,964 2,068 16 6
Commercial lease financing 35 20 7 3
U.S. small business commercial 39 28 198 197
Total commercial 3,417 3,328 290 300
Total nonperforming loans $ 5,981 $ 5,975 $ 1,751 $ 1,931
Percentage of outstanding loans and leases 0.52 % 0.55 % 0.15 % 0.18 %

(1)
Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 residential mortgage included $
117
million and $
119
million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $
79
million and $
110
million of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2)
Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date.
n/a = not applicable
Credit Quality Indicators
The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed loan-to-value (LTV) and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV), which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a
bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators and gross charge-offs for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at June 30, 2025.
Bank of America 66

Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions) Total as of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 222,622 $ 10,025 $ 16,895 $ 13,698 $ 38,203 $ 72,254 $ 71,547
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 2,098 322 712 425 448 122 69
Greater than 100 percent 1,081 261 402 159 156 58 45
Fully-insured loans 9,512 136 206 178 288 3,019 5,685
Total Residential Mortgage $ 235,313 $ 10,744 $ 18,215 $ 14,460 $ 39,095 $ 75,453 $ 77,346
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 2,880 $ 89 $ 227 $ 189 $ 510 $ 701 $ 1,164
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 2,304 80 193 137 437 519 938
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 25,185 1,072 2,190 1,636 4,554 6,818 8,915
Greater than or equal to 740 195,432 9,367 15,399 12,320 33,306 64,396 60,644
Fully-insured loans 9,512 136 206 178 288 3,019 5,685
Total Residential Mortgage $ 235,313 $ 10,744 $ 18,215 $ 14,460 $ 39,095 $ 75,453 $ 77,346
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 12 $ — $ 1 $ 3 $ 3 $ 1 $ 4

Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators
Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Home Equity
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 26,014 $ 729 $ 22,075 $ 3,210
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 65 4 56 5
Greater than 100 percent 63 3 50 10
Total Home Equity $ 26,142 $ 736 $ 22,181 $ 3,225
Home Equity
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 670 $ 72 $ 353 $ 245
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 593 44 367 182
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 4,875 180 3,831 864
Greater than or equal to 740 20,004 440 17,630 1,934
Total Home Equity $ 26,142 $ 736 $ 22,181 $ 3,225
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 8 $ — $ 5 $ 3

(1)
Includes reverse mortgages of $
472
million and home equity loans of $
264
million, which are no longer originated.
Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Direct/Indirect
Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card
(Dollars in millions) Total Direct/ Indirect as of June 30, 2025 Revolving Loans 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Total Credit Card as of June 30, 2025 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 1,554 $ 11 $ 84 $ 369 $ 456 $ 378 $ 193 $ 63 $ 5,943 $ 5,577 $ 366
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 1,239 4 157 369 318 234 112 45 5,639 5,412 227
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 8,831 45 1,846 2,748 1,935 1,326 653 278 39,593 39,140 453
Greater than or equal to 740 43,343 69 9,979 14,335 8,946 5,692 2,774 1,548 50,034 49,961 73
Other internal credit metrics (2,3) 54,763 54,066 139 84 53 173 47 201 — — —
Total credit card and other consumer $ 109,730 $ 54,195 $ 12,205 $ 17,905 $ 11,708 $ 7,803 $ 3,779 $ 2,135 $ 101,209 $ 100,090 $ 1,119
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 186 $ 3 $ 4 $ 59 $ 49 $ 36 $ 17 $ 18 $ 2,326 $ 2,247 $ 79

(1)
Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)
Direct/indirect consumer includes $
54.1
billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at June 30, 2025.
67 Bank of America

Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions) Total as of June 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving Loans
U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 402,029 $ 27,860 $ 44,982 $ 27,699 $ 30,891 $ 17,739 $ 41,042 $ 211,816
Reservable criticized 13,394 110 519 1,119 986 645 1,838 8,177
Total U.S. Commercial $ 415,423 $ 27,970 $ 45,501 $ 28,818 $ 31,877 $ 18,384 $ 42,880 $ 219,993
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 246 $ 2 $ 5 $ 17 $ 37 $ 6 $ 26 $ 153
Non-U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 146,463 $ 13,527 $ 25,395 $ 11,762 $ 10,259 $ 11,394 $ 6,572 $ 67,554
Reservable criticized 2,212 1 50 417 202 178 75 1,289
Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 148,675 $ 13,528 $ 25,445 $ 12,179 $ 10,461 $ 11,572 $ 6,647 $ 68,843
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 8 $ — $ — $ 7 $ — $ — $ — $ 1
Commercial Real Estate
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 55,469 $ 3,202 $ 5,484 $ 4,733 $ 9,614 $ 7,623 $ 14,656 $ 10,157
Reservable criticized 10,207 6 242 474 2,969 2,185 3,720 611
Total Commercial Real Estate $ 65,676 $ 3,208 $ 5,726 $ 5,207 $ 12,583 $ 9,808 $ 18,376 $ 10,768
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 336 $ — $ — $ — $ 48 $ 70 $ 218 $ —
Commercial Lease Financing
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 15,332 $ 1,748 $ 3,594 $ 3,227 $ 2,108 $ 1,857 $ 2,798 $ —
Reservable criticized 420 8 64 134 90 53 71 —
Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 15,752 $ 1,756 $ 3,658 $ 3,361 $ 2,198 $ 1,910 $ 2,869 $ —
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 3 $ — $ 1 $ 2 $ — $ — $ — $ —
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2)
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 10,445 $ 1,236 $ 1,949 $ 1,769 $ 1,556 $ 1,226 $ 1,944 $ 765
Reservable criticized 516 4 47 145 104 89 119 8
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 10,961 $ 1,240 $ 1,996 $ 1,914 $ 1,660 $ 1,315 $ 2,063 $ 773
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 17 $ — $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 9
Total $ 656,487 $ 47,702 $ 82,326 $ 51,479 $ 58,779 $ 42,989 $ 72,835 $ 300,377
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2025 $ 610 $ 2 $ 6 $ 27 $ 86 $ 77 $ 249 $ 163

(1)
Excludes $
6.6
billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at June 30, 2025.
(2)
Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $
11.1
billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $
743
million for less than 620; $
624
million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $
3.6
billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $
6.2
billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $
279
 million.
Bank of America 68

The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at December 31, 2024.
Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 215,575 $ 18,115 $ 12,910 $ 36,748 $ 71,912 $ 32,504 $ 43,386
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 1,848 724 463 471 122 31 37
Greater than 100 percent 863 428 195 144 56 15 25
Fully-insured loans 9,913 288 190 302 3,153 2,568 3,412
Total Residential Mortgage $ 228,199 $ 19,555 $ 13,758 $ 37,665 $ 75,243 $ 35,118 $ 46,860
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 2,619 $ 172 $ 171 $ 484 $ 649 $ 427 $ 716
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 2,187 170 145 396 515 366 595
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 25,166 2,167 1,745 4,542 7,008 3,801 5,903
Greater than or equal to 740 188,314 16,758 11,507 31,941 63,918 27,956 36,234
Fully-insured loans 9,913 288 190 302 3,153 2,568 3,412
Total Residential Mortgage $ 228,199 $ 19,555 $ 13,758 $ 37,665 $ 75,243 $ 35,118 $ 46,860
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 21 $ 2 $ 3 $ 6 $ 2 $ 1 $ 7

Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators
Total Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1) Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
(Dollars in millions) December 31, 2024
Home Equity
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent $ 25,638 $ 780 $ 21,450 $ 3,408
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent 51 4 42 5
Greater than 100 percent 48 3 34 11
Total Home Equity $ 25,737 $ 787 $ 21,526 $ 3,424
Home Equity
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 645 $ 72 $ 320 $ 253
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 577 46 339 192
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 4,911 198 3,779 934
Greater than or equal to 740 19,604 471 17,088 2,045
Total Home Equity $ 25,737 $ 787 $ 21,526 $ 3,424
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 21 $ 6 $ 9 $ 6

(1)
Includes reverse mortgages of $
500
million and home equity loans of $
287
million, which are no longer originated.
69 Bank of America

Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Direct/Indirect
Term Loans by Origination Year Credit Card
(Dollars in millions) Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2024 Revolving Loans 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Total Credit Card as of December 31, 2024 Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620 $ 1,483 $ 10 $ 249 $ 452 $ 433 $ 243 $ 53 $ 43 $ 5,866 $ 5,511 $ 355
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660 1,219 4 352 363 282 150 38 30 5,746 5,537 209
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740 9,212 47 3,421 2,515 1,828 947 255 199 40,871 40,456 415
Greater than or equal to 740 43,141 67 17,889 11,240 7,635 3,908 1,319 1,083 51,083 51,019 64
Other internal credit metrics (2, 3) 52,067 51,433 165 51 127 95 36 160 — — —
Total credit card and other consumer $ 107,122 $ 51,561 $ 22,076 $ 14,621 $ 10,305 $ 5,343 $ 1,701 $ 1,515 $ 103,566 $ 102,523 $ 1,043
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 399 $ 5 $ 46 $ 144 $ 109 $ 51 $ 12 $ 32 $ 4,365 $ 4,188 $ 177

(1)
Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)
Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)
Direct/indirect consumer includes $
51.4
billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2024.
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions) Total as of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans
U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 374,380 $ 49,587 $ 33,352 $ 34,015 $ 20,801 $ 10,172 $ 34,176 $ 192,277
Reservable criticized 12,610 157 901 1,035 799 340 1,996 7,382
Total U.S. Commercial $ 386,990 $ 49,744 $ 34,253 $ 35,050 $ 21,600 $ 10,512 $ 36,172 $ 199,659
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 439 $ 3 $ 122 $ 80 $ 19 $ 4 $ 63 $ 148
Non-U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 135,720 $ 27,119 $ 14,268 $ 12,220 $ 11,750 $ 1,328 $ 6,777 $ 62,258
Reservable criticized 1,798 22 180 145 310 8 106 1,027
Total Non-U.S. Commercial $ 137,518 $ 27,141 $ 14,448 $ 12,365 $ 12,060 $ 1,336 $ 6,883 $ 63,285
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 81 $ — $ 41 $ 22 $ 16 $ — $ — $ 2
Commercial Real Estate
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 55,607 $ 5,422 $ 4,935 $ 10,755 $ 8,990 $ 2,911 $ 13,310 $ 9,284
Reservable criticized 10,123 41 211 3,252 2,100 588 3,372 559
Total Commercial Real Estate $ 65,730 $ 5,463 $ 5,146 $ 14,007 $ 11,090 $ 3,499 $ 16,682 $ 9,843
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 894 $ — $ — $ 57 $ 83 $ 62 $ 663 $ 29
Commercial Lease Financing
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 15,417 $ 3,902 $ 3,675 $ 2,465 $ 1,921 $ 1,033 $ 2,421 $ —
Reservable criticized 291 9 96 67 52 23 44 —
Total Commercial Lease Financing $ 15,708 $ 3,911 $ 3,771 $ 2,532 $ 1,973 $ 1,056 $ 2,465 $ —
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 2 $ — $ — $ — $ 2 $ — $ — $ —
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2)
Risk ratings
Pass rated $ 9,806 $ 1,926 $ 1,887 $ 1,650 $ 1,302 $ 604 $ 1,992 $ 445
Reservable criticized 443 8 83 104 115 25 105 3
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial $ 10,249 $ 1,934 $ 1,970 $ 1,754 $ 1,417 $ 629 $ 2,097 $ 448
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 30 $ — $ 1 $ 2 $ 1 $ 6 $ 7 $ 13
Total $ 616,195 $ 88,193 $ 59,588 $ 65,708 $ 48,140 $ 17,032 $ 64,299 $ 273,235
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 $ 1,446 $ 3 $ 164 $ 161 $ 121 $ 72 $ 733 $ 192

(1)
Excludes $
4.0
billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2024.
(2)
Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $
10.6
billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $
699
million for less than 620; $
600
million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $
3.6
billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $
5.8
billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $
489
 million.
Bank of America 70

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure increased to $
27.9
billion at June 30, 2025 from $
26.5
billion (to
3.98
percent from
4.01
percent of total commercial reservable utilized exposure) at December 31, 2024, primarily driven by
U.S and non-U.S. commercial.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
As part of its credit risk management, the Corporation may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement (modification programs).
Consumer Real Estate
The following modification programs are offered for consumer real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans:
Forbearance plans generally consist of the Corporation suspending the borrower’s payments for a defined period, with those payments then due over a defined period of time or at the conclusion of the forbearance period. The aging status of a loan is generally frozen when it enters into a forbearance plan. If a borrower is unable to fulfill their obligations under the forbearance plans, they may be offered a trial offer or permanent modification.
Trial Offer and Permanent Modifications
: Trial offer for modification plans generally consist of the Corporation offering a borrower modified loan terms that reduce their contractual payments temporarily over a
three
-to-
four-month
trial period. If the customer successfully makes the modified payments during the trial period and formally accepts the modified terms, the modified loan terms become permanent. Some borrowers may enter into permanent modifications without a trial period. In a permanent modification, the borrower’s payment terms are typically modified in more than one manner, but generally include a term extension and an interest rate reduction. At times, the permanent modification may also include principal forgiveness and/or a deferral of past due principal and interest amounts to the end of the loan term. The combinations utilized are based on modifying the terms that give the borrower an improved ability to meet the contractual obligations. The term extensions granted for residential mortgage and home equity permanent modifications vary widely and can be up to
30
years, but mostly are in the range of
1
to
20
years. Principal forgiveness and payment deferrals were insignificant during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
The table below provides the ending amortized cost of the Corporation’s consumer real estate loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Consumer Real Estate - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans Permanent Modification Total As a % of Financing Receivables Forbearance and Other Payment Plans Permanent Modification Total As a % of Financing Receivables
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Residential Loans $ 10 $ 58 $ 68 0.03 % $ 17 $ 98 $ 115 0.05 %
Home Equity — 5 5 0.02 % — 12 12 0.05 %
Total $ 10 $ 63 $ 73 0.03 % $ 17 $ 110 $ 127 0.05 %
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Residential Loans $ 22 $ 73 $ 95 0.04 % $ 38 $ 126 $ 164 0.07 %
Home Equity — 10 10 0.04 — 18 18 0.07
Total $ 22 $ 83 $ 105 0.04 $ 38 $ 144 $ 182 0.07

The table below presents the financial effect of modified consumer real estate loans
.
Financial Effect of Modified Consumer Real Estate Loans
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024 2025 2024
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans
Weighted-average duration
Residential Mortgage 6 months 5 months 6 months 7 months
Home Equity n/m n/m n/m n/m
Permanent Modifications
Weighted-average Term Extension
Residential Mortgage 9.2 years 9.2 years 9.4 years 9.1 years
Home Equity 14.7 years 18.4 years 16.6 years 17.4 years
Weighted-average Interest Rate Reduction
Residential Mortgage 1.06 % 1.34 % 1.19 % 1.32 %
Home Equity 2.27 % 2.42 % 2.23 % 2.60 %

n/m = not meaningful
For consumer real estate borrowers in financial difficulty that received a forbearance, trial or permanent modification, there were no commitments to lend additional funds at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
71 Bank of America

The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, defaults of residential and home equity loans that had been modified within
12 months were insignificant.
The table below provides aging information as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 for consumer real estate loans that were modified over the last 12 months.
Consumer Real Estate - Payment Status of Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Current 30–89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Residential mortgage $ 109 $ 44 $ 37 $ 190
Home equity 23 2 1 26
Total $ 132 $ 46 $ 38 $ 216
June 30, 2024
Residential mortgage $ 251 $ 71 $ 66 $ 388
Home equity 45 3 9 57
Total $ 296 $ 74 $ 75 $ 445

Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $
61
million and $
60
million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, was $
421
million and $
464
million. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation reclassified $
29
million and $
56
million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Credit Card and Other Consumer
Credit card and other consumer loans are primarily modified by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a significantly reduced fixed interest rate, with terms ranging from
6
months to
72
months, most of which had a
60-month
term at June 30, 2025. In certain circumstances, the Corporation will forgive a portion of the outstanding balance if the borrower makes payments up to a set amount. The Corporation makes modifications directly with borrowers for loans held by the Corporation (internal programs) as well as through third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The June 30, 2025 amortized cost of credit card and other consumer loans that were modified through these programs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $
218
million and $
405
million compared to $
200
million and $
401
million for the same periods in 2024. These modifications represented
0.10
percent and
0.19
percent of outstanding credit card and other consumer loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to
0.10
percent and
0.20
percent for the same periods in 2024. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the financial effect of modifications resulted in a weighted-average interest rate
reduction of
18.27
percent and
18.25
percent compared to
19.59
percent and
19.66
percent

for the same
periods in 2024, and principal forgiveness of $
26
million and $
51
million compared to $
29
million and $
57
million for the same periods in 2024.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, defaults of credit card and other consumer loans that had been modified within 12 months were insignificant. At June 30, 2025, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty over the last 12 months totaled $
645
 million, of which $
547
 million were current, $
53
 million were 30-89 days past due, and $
45
 million were greater than 90 days past due. At June 30, 2024, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $
674
 million, of which $
566
 million were current, $
58
 million were 30-89 days past due, and $
50
 million were greater than 90 days past due.
Commercial Loans
Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing borrowers with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique, reflects the borrower’s individual circumstances and is designed to benefit the borrower while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Commercial modifications are primarily term extensions and payment forbearances. Payment forbearances involve the Corporation forbearing its contractual right to collect certain payments or payment in full (maturity forbearance) for a defined period of time. Reductions in interest rates and principal forgiveness occur infrequently for commercial borrowers. Principal forgiveness may occur in connection with foreclosure, short sales or other settlement agreements, leading to termination or sale of the loan.
The following table provides the ending amortized cost of commercial loans modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Bank of America 72

Commercial Loans - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Term Extension Forbearances Interest Rate Reduction Total As a % of Financing Receivables Term Extension Forbearances Interest Rate Reduction Total As a % of Financing Receivables
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
U.S. commercial $ 397 $ 104 $ — $ 501 0.12 % $ 610 $ 134 $ — $ 744 0.18 %
Non-U.S. commercial — — — — — 33 9 — 42 0.03
Commercial real estate 769 439 — 1,208 1.84 1,403 551 — 1,954 2.98
Total $ 1,166 $ 543 $ — $ 1,709 0.27 $ 2,046 $ 694 $ — $ 2,740 0.44
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
U.S. commercial $ 470 $ 3 $ — $ 473 0.13 % $ 875 $ 9 $ — $ 884 0.24 %
Non-U.S. commercial 29 — — 29 0.02 29 — — 29 0.02
Commercial real estate 176 271 — 447 0.64 665 552 36 1,253 1.78
Total $ 675 $ 274 $ — $ 949 0.17 $ 1,569 $ 561 $ 36 $ 2,166 0.39

Term extensions granted increased the weighted-average life of the impacted loans by
0.8
years and
1.3
years for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to
1.3
years for both periods in 2024. The weighted-average duration of loan payments deferred under the Corporation’s commercial loan forbearance progr
am was
14
months
and
15
months for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to
8
months and
12
months for the same periods in 2024. The deferral period for loan payments can vary, but are mostly in the range of
8
months to
24
months. Modifications of loans to troubled borrowers for Commercial Lease Financing and U.S.
Small Business Commercial were not significant during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. As of June 30, 2025, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within the last 12 months were $
234
million. As of June 30, 2024, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within the last 12 months were insignificant.
The table below provides aging information as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 for commercial loans that were modified over the last 12 months.
Commercial - Payment Status of Modified Loans to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Current 30–89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
U.S. Commercial $ 1,249 $ 7 $ 43 $ 1,299
Non-U.S. Commercial 69 — — 69
Commercial Real Estate 2,756 5 645 3,406
Total $ 4,074 $ 12 $ 688 $ 4,774
June 30, 2024
U.S. Commercial $ 1,191 $ 10 $ 12 $ 1,213
Non-U.S. Commercial 177 — — 177
Commercial Real Estate 1,322 91 268 1,681
Total $ 2,690 $ 101 $ 280 $ 3,071

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation had commitments to lend $
434
million and $
916
 million to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were modified during the period.
Loans Held-for-sale
The Corporation had LHFS of $
5.4
billion and $
9.5
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $
20.4
billion and $
15.7
billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $
15.4
billion and $
17.0
billion for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
.

For the
six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, non-cash net transfers into LHFS were insignificant.
Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable for loans and leases and loans held-for-sale was $
4.3
billion at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and is reported in
customer and other receivables
on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Outstanding credit card loan balances include unpaid principal, interest and fees. Credit card loans are not classified
as nonperforming but are charged off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due, within 60 days after receipt of notification of death or bankruptcy, or upon confirmation of fraud
.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation reversed $
218
million and $
449
million of interest and fee income against the income statement line item in which it was originally recorded upon charge-off of the principal balance of the loan compared to $
215
million and $
420
million for the same periods in 2024.
For the outstanding residential mortgage, home equity, direct/indirect consumer and commercial loan balances classified as nonperforming during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, interest and fee income reversed at the time the loans were classified as nonperforming was not significant. For more information on the Corporation's nonperforming loan policies, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
73 Bank of America

Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is estimated using quantitative and qualitative methods that consider a variety of factors, such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the portfolio and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Qualitative reserves cover losses that are expected but, in the Corporation's assessment, may not adequately be reflected in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. The Corporation incorporates forward-looking information through the use of several macroeconomic scenarios in determining the weighted economic outlook over the forecasted life of the assets. These scenarios include key macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, real estate prices and corporate bond spreads. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the weighting given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, internal and third-party economist views, and industry trends. For more information on the Corporation's credit loss accounting policies including the allowance for credit losses, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The June 30, 2025 estimate for allowance for credit losses was based on various economic scenarios, including a baseline scenario derived from consensus estimates, an adverse scenario reflecting an extended moderate recession, a downside scenario reflecting continued inflation and interest rates with moderate rate hikes, a tail risk scenario similar to the severely adverse scenario used in stress testing and an upside scenario that considers the potential for improvement above the baseline scenario. The overall weighted economic outlook of the above scenarios has deteriorated modestly compared to the weighted economic outlook estimated as of December 31, 2024. Compared to consensus estimates, the weighted economic outlook for 2025 was more pessimistic as of June 30, 2025 for key variables such as U.S. average unemployment rate and U.S. real gross domestic product
.
The weighted
economic outlook for the Corporation’s modeled reserves assumes that the U.S. average unemployment rate will be approximately
five
percent in the fourth quarter of 2025 and will remain near this level through the fourth quarter of 2026. The weighted economic outlook assumes U.S. real gross domestic product will grow at
0.2
percent and
1.5
percent year-over-year in the fourth quarters of 2025 and 2026. There were no significant changes to the qualitative reserves at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The allowance for credit losses increased $
98
million from December 31, 2024 to $
14.4
billion at June 30, 2025. The change in the allowance for credit losses was comprised of a net increase of $
51
million in the allowance for loan and lease losses and an increase of $
47
million in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The increase in the allowance for credit losses was attributed to increases in the commercial portfolio of $
89
million and the consumer real estate portfolio of $
54
million, partially offset by a decrease in the credit card and other consumer portfolios of $
45
million. The provision for credit losses increased $
84
million to $
1.6
billion, and $
245
million to $
3.1
billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The provision for credit losses for the current-year periods was primarily driven by the credit card portfolio, including an impact from a dampened macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by improved asset quality. The provision for credit losses for the prior-year periods was primarily driven by activity specific to credit card loans and the commercial real estate office portfolio, partially offset by an improved macroeconomic outlook.
Outstanding loans and leases excluding loans accounted for under the fair value option increased $
48.6
billion during the six months ended June 30, 2025 driven by commercial, which increased $
40.8
billion due to broad-based growth, and consumer, which increased $
7.8
billion.
The changes in the allowance for credit losses, including net charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses, are detailed in the following table.
Bank of America 74

Consumer Real Estate Credit Card and Other Consumer Commercial Total
(Dollars in millions) Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Allowance for loan and lease losses, April 1 $ 340 $ 8,212 $ 4,704 $ 13,256
Loans and leases charged off ( 14 ) ( 1,299 ) ( 511 ) ( 1,824 )
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 22 232 45 299
Net charge-offs 8 ( 1,067 ) ( 466 ) ( 1,525 )
Provision for loan and lease losses ( 3 ) 1,087 476 1,560
Other 1 — ( 1 ) —
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30 346 8,232 4,713 13,291
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, April 1 57 — 1,053 1,110
Provision for unfunded lending commitments 1 — 31 32
Other — — 1 1
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30 58 — 1,085 1,143
Allowance for credit losses, June 30 $ 404 $ 8,232 $ 5,798 $ 14,434
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses, April 1 $ 355 $ 8,121 $ 4,737 $ 13,213
Loans and leases charged off ( 8 ) ( 1,267 ) ( 504 ) ( 1,779 )
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 22 194 30 246
Net charge-offs 14 ( 1,073 ) ( 474 ) ( 1,533 )
Provision for loan and lease losses ( 22 ) 1,118 466 1,562
Other — 1 ( 5 ) ( 4 )
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30 347 8,167 4,724 13,238
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, April 1 57 — 1,101 1,158
Provision for unfunded lending commitments ( 2 ) — ( 52 ) ( 54 )
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30 55 — 1,049 1,104
Allowance for credit losses, June 30 $ 402 $ 8,167 $ 5,773 $ 14,342
(Dollars in millions) Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 293 $ 8,277 $ 4,670 $ 13,240
Loans and leases charged off ( 20 ) ( 2,648 ) ( 889 ) ( 3,557 )
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 40 450 90 580
Net charge-offs 20 ( 2,198 ) ( 799 ) ( 2,977 )
Provision for loan and lease losses 29 2,154 843 3,026
Other 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30 346 8,232 4,713 13,291
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 57 — 1,039 1,096
Provision for unfunded lending commitments 1 — 45 46
Other — — 1 1
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30 58 — 1,085 1,143
Allowance for credit losses, June 30 $ 404 $ 8,232 $ 5,798 $ 14,434
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1 $ 386 $ 8,134 $ 4,822 $ 13,342
Loans and leases charged off ( 19 ) ( 2,492 ) ( 1,006 ) ( 3,517 )
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off 43 381 62 486
Net charge-offs 24 ( 2,111 ) ( 944 ) ( 3,031 )
Provision for loan and lease losses ( 64 ) 2,144 852 2,932
Other 1 — ( 6 ) ( 5 )
Allowance for loan and lease losses, June 30 347 8,167 4,724 13,238
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1 82 — 1,127 1,209
Provision for unfunded lending commitments ( 27 ) — ( 78 ) ( 105 )
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, June 30 55 — 1,049 1,104
Allowance for credit losses, June 30 $ 402 $ 8,167 $ 5,773 $ 14,342

NOTE 6

Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities
The Corporation utilizes VIEs in the ordinary course of business to support its own and its customers’ financing and investing needs. The Corporation routinely securitizes loans and debt securities using VIEs as a source of funding for the Corporation and as a means of transferring the economic risk of the loans or debt securities to third parties. The assets are transferred into a trust or other securitization vehicle such that the assets are legally isolated from the creditors of the Corporation and are not available to satisfy its obligations. These assets can only be used to settle obligations of the trust or other securitization
vehicle. The Corporation also administers, structures or invests in other VIEs including CDOs, investment vehicles and other entities. For more information on the Corporation’s use of VIEs, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
and
Note 6 – Securitizations and Other Variable Interest Entities
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
The tables in this Note present the assets and liabilities of consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024 in situations where the Corporation has a loan or security interest and involvement with transferred assets or if the Corporation otherwise has an additional interest in the VIE. The tables also present the Corporation’s maximum loss
75 Bank of America

exposure at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024 resulting from its involvement with consolidated VIEs and unconsolidated VIEs. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure is based on the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless and incorporates not only potential losses associated with assets recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet but also potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments, such as unfunded liquidity commitments and other contractual arrangements. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure does not include losses previously recognized through write-downs of assets.
The Corporation invests in ABS, CLOs and other similar investments issued by third-party VIEs with which it has no other form of involvement other than a loan or debt security issued by the VIE. In addition, the Corporation also enters into certain commercial lending arrangements that may utilize VIEs for activities secondary to the lending arrangement, for example to hold collateral. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to these VIEs is the investment balances. These securities and loans are included in
Note 4 – Securities
or
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
and are not included in the following tables.
The Corporation did not provide financial support to consolidated or unconsolidated VIEs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025

or the year ended December 31, 2024 that it was not previously contractually required to provide, nor does it intend to do so.
The Corporation had liquidity commitments, including written put options and collateral value guarantees, with certain
unconsolidated VIEs of $
1.1
billion and $
1.0
billion at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024.
First-lien Mortgage Securitizations
As part of its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation securitizes a portion of the first-lien residential mortgage loans it originates or purchases from third parties, generally in the form of residential mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises, FNMA and FHLMC (collectively the GSEs), or the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) primarily in the case of FHA-insured and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)-guaranteed mortgage loans. Securitization usually occurs in conjunction with or shortly after origination or purchase, and the Corporation may also securitize loans held in its residential mortgage portfolio. In addition, the Corporation may, from time to time, securitize commercial mortgages it originates or purchases from other entities. The Corporation typically services the loans it securitizes. Further, the Corporation may retain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts including senior and subordinate securities and equity tranches issued by the trusts. Except as described in
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies
, the Corporation does not provide guarantees or recourse to the securitization trusts other than standard representations and warranties.
The table below summarizes select information related to first-lien mortgage securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
First-lien Mortgage Securitizations
Residential Mortgage - Agency Commercial Mortgage
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30 Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Proceeds from loan sales (1) $ 1,439 $ 964 $ 2,534 $ 2,173 $ 1,069 $ 5,723 $ 6,559 $ 7,032
Gains (losses) on securitizations (2) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) 7 69 53 88
Repurchases from securitization trusts (3) 8 8 29 16 — — — —

(1)
The Corporation transfers residential mortgage loans to securitizations sponsored primarily by the GSEs or GNMA in the normal course of business and primarily receives residential mortgage-backed securities in exchange. Substantially all of these securities are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy and are typically sold shortly after receipt.
(2)
A majority of the first-lien residential mortgage loans securitized are initially classified as LHFS and accounted for under the fair value option. Gains recognized on these LHFS prior to securitization, which totaled $
8
million and $
14
million, net of hedges, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $
8
million and $
13
million for the same periods in 2024, are not included in the table above.
(3)
The Corporation may have the option to repurchase delinquent loans out of securitization trusts, which reduces the amount of servicing advances it is required to make. The Corporation may also repurchase loans from securitization trusts to perform modifications. Repurchased loans include FHA-insured mortgages collateralizing GNMA securities.
The Corporation recognizes consumer MSRs from the sale or securitization of consumer real estate loans. The unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for investors, including residential mortgage and home equity loans, totaled $
81.8
billion and $
88.2
billion at June 30, 2025

and 2024. Servicing fee and ancillary fee income on serviced loans was $
55
million and $
110
million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $
58
million and $
120
million

for the same periods in 2024. Servicing advances on serviced loans, including loans serviced for others and loans held for investment, were $
910
million and $
1.0
billion

at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024. For more information on MSRs, see
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements
.
Home Equity Loans
The Corporation retains interests, primarily senior securities, in home equity securitization trusts to which it transferred home equity loans. In addition, the Corporation may be obligated to provide subordinate funding to the trusts during a rapid
amortization event. This obligation is included in the maximum loss exposure in the preceding table. The charges that will ultimately be recorded as a result of the rapid amortization events depend on the undrawn portion of the home equity lines of credit, performance of the loans, the amount of subsequent draws and the timing of related cash flows.
Mortgage and Home Equity Securitizations
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation deconsolidated agency residential mortgage securitization trusts with total assets of $
368
million and $
495
million compared to $
32
million
and
$
825
million for the same periods

in 2024.
The following table summarizes select information related to mortgage and home equity securitization trusts in which the Corporation held a variable interest and had continuing involvement at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024.
Bank of America 76

Mortgage and Home Equity Securitizations
Residential Mortgage
Non-agency
Agency Prime and Alt-A Subprime Home Equity (1) Commercial Mortgage
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Unconsolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure (2) $ 7,141 $ 7,353 $ 10 $ 84 $ 86 $ 301 $ — $ — $ 1,801 $ 1,640
On-balance sheet assets
Senior securities:
Trading account assets $ 187 $ 126 $ 9 $ 10 $ 5 $ 12 $ — $ — $ 477 $ 328
Debt securities carried at fair value 2,143 2,222 — — 418 416 — — — —
Held-to-maturity securities 4,811 5,005 — — — — — — 1,125 1,172
All other assets — — 2 3 15 23 — — 46 41
Total retained positions $ 7,141 $ 7,353 $ 11 $ 13 $ 438 $ 451 $ — $ — $ 1,648 $ 1,541
Principal balance outstanding (3) $ 67,521 $ 69,018 $ 11,872 $ 12,590 $ 3,825 $ 4,180 $ 169 $ 187 $ 88,936 $ 90,222
Consolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure (2) $ 689 $ 1,132 $ — $ — $ 15 $ — $ 9 $ 10 $ — $ —
On-balance sheet assets
Trading account assets $ 689 $ 1,132 $ — $ — $ 265 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Loans and leases — — — — — — 18 22 — —
Allowance for loan and lease losses — — — — — — 6 6 — —
All other assets — — — — — — 1 1 — —
Total assets $ 689 $ 1,132 $ — $ — $ 265 $ — $ 25 $ 29 $ — $ —
Total liabilities $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 250 $ — $ 16 $ 19 $ — $ —

(1)
For unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure includes outstanding trust certificates issued by trusts in rapid amortization, net of recorded reserves. For both consolidated and unconsolidated home equity loan VIEs, the maximum loss exposure excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees. For more information, see
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies
.
(2)
Maximum loss exposure includes obligations under loss-sharing reinsurance and other arrangements for non-agency residential mortgage and commercial mortgage securitizations, but excludes the reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees and also excludes servicing advances and other servicing rights and obligations. For more information, see
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies
and
Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements
.
(3)
Principal balance outstanding includes loans where the Corporation was the transferor to securitization VIEs with which it has continuing involvement, which may include servicing the loans.
Other Asset-backed Securitizations
The following paragraphs summarize select information related to other asset-backed VIEs in which the Corporation had a variable interest at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024.
Credit Card and Automobile Loan Securitizations
The Corporation securitizes originated and purchased credit card and automobile loans as a source of financing. The loans are sold on a non-recourse basis to consolidated trusts. The securitizations are ongoing, whereas additional receivables will be funded into the trusts by either loan repayments or proceeds from securities issued to third parties, depending on the securitization structure. The Corporation’s continuing involvement with the securitization trusts includes servicing the receivables and holding various subordinated interests, including an undivided seller’s interest in the credit card receivables and owning certain retained interests.
At June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024, the carrying values of the receivables in the trusts totaled $
17.7
billion and $
18.1
 billion, which are included in loans and leases, and the carrying values of senior debt securities that were issued to third-party investors from the trusts totaled $
8.3
billion and $
8.0
 billion, which are included in long-term debt.
Resecuritization Trusts
The Corporation transfers securities, typically MBS, into resecuritization VIEs generally at the request of customers seeking securities with specific characteristics. Generally, there are no significant ongoing activities performed in a resecuritization trust, and no single investor has the unilateral ability to liquidate the trust.
The Corporation resecuritized $
7.2
billion

and $
18.5
billion of securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $
3.8
billion and $
6.6
billion

for the same
periods in 2024. Securities transferred into resecuritization VIEs were measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in market making and similar activities prior to the resecuritization and, accordingly, no gain or loss on sale was recorded. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, resecuritization proceeds included securities with an initial fair value of $
771
million

and

$
2.8
billion, compared to $
795
million

and

$
883
million for the same periods in 2024, of which substantially all of the securities were classified as trading account assets for both periods. Substantially all of the trading account securities carried at fair value were categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
Customer VIEs
Customer VIEs include credit-linked, equity-linked and commodity-linked note VIEs, repackaging VIEs and asset acquisition VIEs, which are typically created on behalf of customers who wish to obtain market or credit exposure to a specific company, index, commodity or financial instrument.
The Corporation’s involvement in the VIE is limited to its loss exposure. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated customer VIEs totaled $
1.2
billion and $
1.1
billion at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024, including the notional amount of derivatives to which the Corporation is a counterparty, net of losses previously recorded, and the Corporation’s investment, if any, in securities issued by the VIEs.
Municipal Bond Trusts
The Corporation administers municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly or other short-term basis to third-party investors.
77 Bank of America

The Corporation’s liquidity commitments to unconsolidated municipal bond trusts, including those for which the Corporation was transferor, totaled $
2.1
billion and $
1.8
billion at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024. The weighted-average remaining life of bonds held in the trusts at June 30, 2025 was
9.5
years. There were no significant write-downs or downgrades of assets or issuers during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Collateralized Debt Obligation VIEs
The Corporation receives fees for structuring CDO VIEs, which hold diversified pools of fixed-income securities, typically corporate debt or ABS, which the CDO VIEs fund by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity securities. CDOs are generally managed by third-party portfolio managers. The Corporation typically transfers assets to these CDOs, holds securities issued by the CDOs and may be a derivative counterparty to the CDOs. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to consolidated and unconsolidated CDOs totaled $
66
million and $
65
million at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024.
Investment VIEs
The Corporation sponsors, invests in or provides financing, which may be in connection with the sale of assets, to a variety of investment VIEs that hold loans, real estate, debt securities or other financial instruments and are designed to provide the
desired investment profile to investors or the Corporation. At June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024, the Corporation’s consolidated investment VIEs had total assets of $
7
million and $
6
million. The Corporation also held investments in unconsolidated VIEs with total assets of $
23.8
billion and $
23.0
billion at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024. The Corporation’s maximum loss exposure associated with both consolidated and unconsolidated investment VIEs totaled $
2.6
billion

and

$
2.5
billion at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024 comprised primarily of on-balance sheet assets less non-recourse liabilities.
Leveraged Lease Trusts
The Corporation’s net investment in consolidated leveraged lease trusts totaled $
931
million and $
1.0
billion

at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024. The trusts hold long-lived equipment such as rail cars, power generation and distribution equipment, and commercial aircraft. The Corporation structures the trusts and holds a significant residual interest. The net investment represents the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to the trusts in the unlikely event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless. Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is non-recourse to the Corporation.
The table below summarizes the maximum loss exposure and assets held by the Corporation that related to other asset-backed VIEs at June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024.
Other Asset-backed VIEs
Credit Card and Automobile (1) Resecuritization Trusts and Customer VIEs Municipal Bond Trusts and CDOs Investment VIEs and Leveraged Lease Trusts
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024 June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Unconsolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure $ — $ — $ 5,297 $ 5,300 $ 2,157 $ 1,839 $ 2,613 $ 2,454
On-balance sheet assets
Securities (2) :
Trading account assets $ — $ — $ 1,682 $ 1,641 $ 16 $ 16 $ 155 $ 354
Debt securities carried at fair value — — 783 809 — — — —
Held-to-maturity securities — — 1,868 1,983 — — — —
Loans and leases — — — — — — 71 70
Allowance for loan and lease losses — — — — — — ( 2 ) ( 2 )
All other assets — — 963 868 5 6 1,870 1,522
Total retained positions $ — $ — $ 5,296 $ 5,301 $ 21 $ 22 $ 2,094 $ 1,944
Total assets of VIEs $ — $ — $ 33,631 $ 24,216 $ 6,947 $ 6,474 $ 23,762 $ 22,965
Consolidated VIEs
Maximum loss exposure $ 8,650 $ 9,385 $ 325 $ 583 $ 4,519 $ 3,519 $ 932 $ 1,012
On-balance sheet assets
Trading account assets $ — $ — $ 559 $ 1,002 $ 4,149 $ 3,436 $ 6 $ 5
Debt securities carried at fair value — — — — 370 83 — —
Loans and leases 17,667 18,110 — — — — 932 1,012
Allowance for loan and lease losses ( 922 ) ( 924 ) — — — — ( 1 ) ( 1 )
All other assets 221 195 40 39 — — 1 1
Total assets $ 16,966 $ 17,381 $ 599 $ 1,041 $ 4,519 $ 3,519 $ 938 $ 1,017
On-balance sheet liabilities
Short-term borrowings $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,359 $ 3,329 $ — $ —
Long-term debt 8,293 7,975 274 458 — — 6 5
All other liabilities 23 21 — — — — — —
Total liabilities $ 8,316 $ 7,996 $ 274 $ 458 $ 4,359 $ 3,329 $ 6 $ 5

(1)
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 loans and leases in the consolidated credit card trust included $
3.8
billion and $
4.5
billion of seller’s interest.
(2)
The retained senior securities were valued using quoted market prices or observable market inputs (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy).
Bank of America 78

Tax Credit VIEs
The Corporation holds equity investments in unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar entities that construct, own and operate affordable housing, renewable energy and certain other projects. The total assets of these unconsolidated tax credit VIEs were $
87.1
billion and $
85.7
billion as of June 30, 2025

and December 31, 2024. An unrelated third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the VIE. As an investor, tax credits associated with the investments in these entities are allocated to the Corporation, as provided by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and related regulations, and are recognized as income tax benefits in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statement of Income in the year they are earned, which varies based on the type of investments. Tax credits from investments in affordable housing are recognized ratably over a term of up to 10 years, and tax credits from renewable energy investments are recognized either at inception for transactions electing Investment Tax Credits (ITCs) or as energy is produced for transactions electing Production Tax Credits (PTCs), which is generally up to a 10-year time period. The volume and types of investments held by the Corporation will influence the amount of tax credits recognized each period.
The Corporation’s
equity investments in affordable housing and other projects
totaled $
16.5
billion and $
16.7
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which included unfunded capital contributions of $
7.1
billion and $
7.5
billion that are probable to be paid over the next
five years
. The Corporation may be asked to invest additional amounts to support a troubled affordable housing project. Such additional investments have not been and are not expected to be significant. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation recognized
tax credits and other tax benefits
related to affordable housing equity investments of $
577
million and $
1.1
billion compared to $
562
million and
$
1.1
billion for the same periods in 2024, reported pretax losses in
other income
of $
463
million and $
889
million compared to $
409
million and $
822
million

for the same periods in 2024. The Corporation’s equity investments in renewable energy totaled $
11.9
billion and $
13.0
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In addition, the Corporation had unfunded capital contributions for renewable energy investments of $
4.4
billion and $
4.6
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which are contingent on various conditions precedent to funding over the next
two years
. The Corporation’s risk of loss is generally mitigated by policies requiring the project to qualify for the expected tax credits prior to making its investment. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation recognized tax credits and other tax benefits related to renewable energy equity investments of $
799
million and $
1.6
billion compared to $
894
million and $
1.9
billion

for the same periods in

2024 and reported pretax losses in other income of $
700
million and $
1.3
billion compared to $
591
million and $
1.3
billion

for the same periods in

2024. The Corporation may also enter into power purchase agreements with renewable energy tax credit entities.
The following summarizes select information related to unconsolidated tax credit VIEs in which the Corporation held a variable interest at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Unconsolidated Tax Credit VIEs
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Maximum loss exposure $ 28,398 $ 29,727
On-balance sheet assets
All other assets 28,398 29,727
Total $ 28,398 $ 29,727
On-balance sheet liabilities
All other liabilities 7,073 7,599
Total $ 7,073 $ 7,599
Total assets of VIEs $ 87,056 $ 85,654

79 Bank of America

NOTE 7
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The table below presents goodwill balances by business segment at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The reporting units utilized for goodwill impairment testing are the operating segments or one level below. The Corporation completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of June 30, 2025 by using a quantitative assessment for the
Consumer Banking
reporting unit and a qualitative assessment for the remaining six reporting units. Based on the assessments, the Corporation concluded that none of its reporting units are at risk of impairment, as each of the reporting units’ fair values are substantially in excess of their carrying values. For more information regarding the nature of and accounting for the Corporation’s annual goodwill impairment testing, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Goodwill
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Consumer Banking $ 30,137 $ 30,137
Global Wealth & Investment Management 9,677 9,677
Global Banking 24,026 24,026
Global Markets 5,181 5,181
Total goodwill $ 69,021 $ 69,021

Intangible Assets
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the net carrying value of intangible assets was $
1.9
billion and $
2.0
billion. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, intangible assets included $
1.6
billion of intangible assets associated with trade names, substantially all of which had an indefinite life and, accordingly, are not being amortized. Amortization of intangibles expense was $
20
million for both the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and $
39
million for both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
NOTE 8

Leases
The Corporation enters into both lessor and lessee arrangements. For more information on lease accounting, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
and
Note 8 – Leases
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information on lease financing receivables, see
Note 5 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses.
Lessor Arrangements
The Corporation’s lessor arrangements primarily consist of operating, sales-type and direct financing leases for equipment. Lease agreements may include options to renew and for the lessee to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term.
The table below presents the net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Net Investment (1)
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Lease receivables $ 19,127 $ 18,559
Unguaranteed residuals 2,620 2,543
Total net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases $ 21,747 $ 21,102

(1)
In certain cases, the Corporation obtains third-party residual value insurance to reduce its residual asset risk. The carrying value of residual assets with third-party residual value insurance for at least a portion of the asset value was $
8.5
billion and $
8.0
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The table below presents lease income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Lease Income
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Sales-type and direct financing leases $ 311 $ 262 $ 613 $ 512
Operating leases 216 227 469 454
Total lease income $ 527 $ 489 $ 1,082 $ 966

Lessee Arrangements
The Corporation's lessee arrangements predominantly consist of operating leases for premises and equipment; the Corporation's financing leases are not significant.
The table below provides information on the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Lessee Arrangements
(Dollars in millions) June 30 2025 December 31 2024
Right-of-use assets $ 8,240 $ 8,527
Lease liabilities 8,892 9,135

Bank of America 80

NOTE 9

Securities Financing Agreements, Collateral and Restricted Cash
The Corporation enters into securities financing agreements which include securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. These financing agreements (also referred to as “matched-book transactions”) are to accommodate customers, obtain securities to cover short positions and finance inventory positions. The Corporation elects to account for certain securities financing agreements under the fair value option. For more information on the fair value option, see
Note 15 – Fair Value Option
.
Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements
The Securities Financing Agreements table presents securities financing agreements included on the Consolidated Balance
Sheet in federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, and in federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of counterparty netting. Gross assets and liabilities are adjusted on an aggregate basis to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements. For more information on the offsetting of derivatives, see
Note 3 – Derivatives.
For more information on the securities financing agreements and the offsetting of securities financing transactions, see
Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Securities Financing Agreements
Gross Assets/Liabilities (1) Amounts Offset Net Balance Sheet Amount Financial Instruments (2) Net Assets/Liabilities
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3) $ 917,248 $ ( 564,856 ) $ 352,392 $ ( 326,892 ) $ 25,500
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase $ 964,316 $ ( 564,856 ) $ 399,460 $ ( 381,332 ) $ 18,128
Other (4) 7,918 — 7,918 ( 7,918 ) —
Total $ 972,234 $ ( 564,856 ) $ 407,378 $ ( 389,250 ) $ 18,128
December 31, 2024
Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell (3) $ 758,071 $ ( 483,362 ) $ 274,709 $ ( 250,040 ) $ 24,669
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase $ 815,120 $ ( 483,362 ) $ 331,758 $ ( 317,974 ) $ 13,784
Other (4) 10,531 — 10,531 ( 10,531 ) —
Total $ 825,651 $ ( 483,362 ) $ 342,289 $ ( 328,505 ) $ 13,784

(1)
Includes activity where uncertainty exists as to the enforceability of certain master netting agreements under bankruptcy laws in some countries or industries.
(2)
Includes securities collateral received or pledged under repurchase or securities lending agreements where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement. These amounts are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but are shown as a reduction to derive a net asset or liability. Securities collateral received or pledged where the legal enforceability of the master netting agreements is uncertain is excluded from the table.
(3)
Excludes repurchase activity of $
15.6
billion and $
12.3
billion reported in loans and leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(4)
Balance is reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and relates to transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. In these transactions, the Corporation recognizes an asset at fair value, representing the securities received, and a liability, representing the obligation to return those securities.
Repurchase Agreements and Securities Loaned Transactions Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
The following tables present securities sold under agreements to repurchase and securities loaned by remaining contractual term to maturity and class of collateral pledged. Included in “Other” are transactions where the Corporation acts as the lender in a securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged as collateral or sold. Certain agreements contain a right to substitute collateral and/or terminate the
agreement prior to maturity at the option of the Corporation or the counterparty. Such agreements are included in the table below based on the remaining contractual term to maturity. For more information on collateral requirements, see
Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Remaining Contractual Maturity
Overnight and Continuous 30 Days or Less After 30 Days Through 90 Days Greater than 90 Days (1) Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase $ 332,096 $ 305,932 $ 98,345 $ 105,906 $ 842,279
Securities loaned 109,811 377 1,754 10,095 122,037
Other 7,918 — — — 7,918
Total $ 449,825 $ 306,309 $ 100,099 $ 116,001 $ 972,234
December 31, 2024
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase $ 305,577 $ 252,526 $ 87,978 $ 70,148 $ 716,229
Securities loaned 88,256 364 842 9,429 98,891
Other 10,531 — — — 10,531
Total $ 404,364 $ 252,890 $ 88,820 $ 79,577 $ 825,651

(1)
No
agreements have maturities greater than
four years
.
81 Bank of America

Class of Collateral Pledged
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase Securities Loaned Other Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
U.S. government and agency securities $ 463,834 $ 115 $ — $ 463,949
Corporate securities, trading loans and other 30,061 979 2 31,042
Equity securities 27,710 120,933 7,916 156,559
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 313,644 10 — 313,654
Mortgage trading loans and ABS 7,030 — — 7,030
Total $ 842,279 $ 122,037 $ 7,918 $ 972,234
December 31, 2024
U.S. government and agency securities $ 416,241 $ 130 $ 10 $ 416,381
Corporate securities, trading loans and other 29,483 1,517 3 31,003
Equity securities 30,106 97,240 10,518 137,864
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 232,521 4 — 232,525
Mortgage trading loans and ABS 7,878 — — 7,878
Total $ 716,229 $ 98,891 $ 10,531 $ 825,651

Collateral
The Corporation accepts securities and loans as collateral that it is permitted by contract or practice to sell or repledge. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of this collateral was $
1.1
trillion and $
925.7
billion, of which $
1.0
trillion and $
882.2
billion were sold or repledged. The primary source of this collateral is securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell. For more information on collateral, see
Note 10 – Securities Financing Agreements, Short-term Borrowings, Collateral and Restricted Cash
to the Consolidated Financial Statements

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
Restricted Cash
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation held restricted cash included within cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet of $
7.0
billion and $
6.1
billion, predominantly related to cash segregated in compliance with securities regulations and cash held on deposit with central banks to meet reserve requirements.
NOTE 10

Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. These commitments expose the Corporation to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market risk limitation reviews as those instruments recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. For more information on commitments and contingencies, see
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
Credit Extension Commitments
The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit (SBLCs) and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The following table includes the notional amount of unfunded legally binding lending commitments net of amounts distributed (i.e., syndicated or participated) to other financial institutions. The distributed amounts were $
11.0
billion and $
10.4
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The carrying value of the Corporation’s credit extension commitments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, excluding commitments accounted for under the fair value option, was $
1.2
billion and $
1.1
billion, which predominantly related to the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The carrying value of these commitments is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrower’s ability to pay.
The following table includes the notional amount of commitments of $
2.3
 billion and $
2.2
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 that are accounted for under the fair value option. However, the table excludes the cumulative net fair value for these commitments of $
75
million and $
144
million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which is classified in accrued expenses and other liabilities. For more information regarding the Corporation’s loan commitments accounted for under the fair value option, see
Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
Bank of America 82

Credit Extension Commitments
Expire in One Year or Less Expire After One Year Through Three Years Expire After Three Years Through Five Years Expire After Five Years Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Notional amount of credit extension commitments
Loan commitments (1) $ 133,732 $ 209,198 $ 217,812 $ 19,870 $ 580,612
Home equity lines of credit 4,097 10,282 8,985 20,403 43,767
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (2) 22,975 10,115 2,756 377 36,223
Letters of credit 770 33 13 38 854
Other commitments (3) 8 71 73 1,002 1,154
Legally binding commitments 161,582 229,699 229,639 41,690 662,610
Credit card lines (4) 468,571 — — — 468,571
Total credit extension commitments $ 630,153 $ 229,699 $ 229,639 $ 41,690 $ 1,131,181
December 31, 2024
Notional amount of credit extension commitments
Loan commitments (1) $ 123,520 $ 227,539 $ 191,469 $ 19,011 $ 561,539
Home equity lines of credit 3,518 10,570 8,920 21,272 44,280
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees (2) 25,080 8,006 2,589 370 36,045
Letters of credit 781 142 8 19 950
Other commitments (3) 5 52 88 1,028 1,173
Legally binding commitments 152,904 246,309 203,074 41,700 643,987
Credit card lines (4) 456,185 — — — 456,185
Total credit extension commitments $ 609,089 $ 246,309 $ 203,074 $ 41,700 $ 1,100,172

(1)     
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $
3.0
billion and $
4.4
billion of these loan commitments were held in the form of a security.
(2)
The notional amounts of SBLCs and financial guarantees classified as investment grade and non-investment grade based on the credit quality of the underlying reference name within the instrument were $
25.5
billion and $
9.6
billion at June 30, 2025, and $
25.0
 billion and $
10.1
 billion at December 31, 2024. Amounts in the table include consumer SBLCs of $
1.1
billion and $
1.0
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(3)     
Primarily includes second-loss positions on lease-end residual value guarantees.
(4)     
Includes business card unused lines of credit.
Other Commitments
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had commitments to purchase loans (e.g., residential mortgage and commercial real estate) of $
749
million and $
242
million, which upon settlement will be included in trading account assets, loans or LHFS, and commitments to purchase commercial loans of $
615
million and $
768
million, which upon settlement will be included in trading account assets.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had commitments to enter into resale and forward-dated resale and securities borrowing agreements of $
206.2
billion and $
109.8
billion, and commitments to enter into forward-dated repurchase and securities lending agreements of $
148.4
billion and $
87.1
billion. A significant portion of these commitments will expire within the next
12
months.
At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had a commitment to originate or purchase up to $
4.0
billion, on a rolling 12-month basis, of auto loans and leases from a strategic partner. This commitment extends through November 2026 and can be terminated with
12
months prior notice.
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had unfunded equity investment commitments of $
939
million and $
787
million.
As a Federal Reserve member bank, the Corporation is required to subscribe to a certain amount of shares issued by its Federal Reserve district bank, which pays cumulative dividends at a prescribed rate. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation had paid $
5.4
billion for half of its subscribed shares, with the remaining half subject to call by the Federal Reserve district bank board, which the Corporation believes is remote.
Other Guarantees
Bank-owned Life Insurance Book Value Protection
The Corporation sells products that offer book value protection to insurance carriers who offer group life insurance policies to corporations, primarily banks. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amount of these guarantees totaled $
3.0
billion and $
3.3
billion. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation’s maximum exposure related to these guarantees totaled $
458
million and $
506
million, with estimated maturity dates between 2034 and 2037.
Merchant Services
The Corporation in its role as merchant acquirer or as a sponsor of other merchant acquirers may be held liable for any reversed charges that cannot be collected from the merchants due to, among other things, merchant fraud or insolvency. If charges are properly reversed after a purchase and cannot be collected from either the merchants or merchant acquirers, the Corporation may be held liable for these reversed charges. The ability to reverse a charge is primarily governed by the applicable payment network rules and regulations, which include, but are not limited to, the type of charge, type of payment used and time limits. The total amount of transactions subject to reversal under payment network rules and regulations processed for the preceding six-month period, which was approximately $
182
billion, is an estimate of the Corporation’s maximum potential exposure as of June 30, 2025. The Corporation’s risk in this area primarily relates to circumstances where a cardholder has purchased goods or services for future delivery. The Corporation mitigates this risk by requiring cash deposits, guarantees, letters of credit or other types of collateral from certain merchants. The Corporation’s reserves for contingent losses, and the losses incurred related to the merchant processing activity were not significant.
83 Bank of America

Representations and Warranties Obligations and Corporate Guarantees
For more information on representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees, see
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The reserve for representations and warranties obligations and corporate guarantees was $
190
million and $
184
million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the related provision is included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The representations and warranties reserve represents the Corporation’s best estimate of incurred losses, is based on its experience in previous negotiations, and is subject to judgment, a variety of assumptions and known or unknown uncertainties. At June 30, 2025, the estimated range of possible loss in excess of the accrued representations and warranties reserve was not significant. Future representations and warranties losses may occur in excess of the amounts recorded for these exposures; however, the Corporation does not expect such amounts to be material to the Corporation's financial condition and liquidity.
Fixed Income Clearing Corporation Sponsored Member Repo Program
The Corporation acts as a sponsoring member in a repo program whereby the Corporation clears certain eligible resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation on behalf of clients that are sponsored members in accordance with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation’s rules. As part of this program, the Corporation guarantees the payment and performance of its sponsored members to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. The Corporation’s guarantee obligation is secured by a security interest in cash or high-quality securities collateral placed by clients with the clearinghouse and therefore, the potential for the Corporation to incur significant losses under this arrangement is remote. The Corporation’s maximum potential exposure, without taking into consideration the related collateral, was $
220.0
billion and $
191.9
billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Other Guarantees
In the normal course of business, the Corporation periodically guarantees the obligations of its affiliates in a variety of transactions including ISDA-related transactions and non-ISDA related transactions such as commodities trading, repurchase agreements, prime brokerage agreements and other transactions.
Guarantees of Certain Long-term Debt
The Corporation, as the parent company, fully and unconditionally guarantees the securities issued by BofA Finance LLC, a consolidated finance subsidiary of the Corporation, and effectively provides for the full and unconditional guarantee of trust securities and capital securities issued by certain statutory trust companies that are
100
percent owned finance subsidiaries of the Corporation.
Other Contingencies
In 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) issued a final rule to impose a special assessment to recover certain estimated losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) arising from the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The estimated losses will be recovered through quarterly special assessments collected from certain insured depository institutions, including the Corporation, and collection began during the three months ended June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Corporation’s accrual for its estimated share of the FDIC special assessment was $
1.1
billion and $
1.7
billion. The Corporation continues to monitor the FDIC’s estimated loss to the DIF, which could affect the amount of its accrued liability.
Litigation and Regulatory Matters
The following disclosures supplement the disclosure in
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies

to the Consolidated Financial Statements

of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure).
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to many pending and threatened legal, regulatory and governmental actions and proceedings. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages or where the matters present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, the Corporation generally cannot predict the eventual outcome of the pending matters, timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters, or eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter.
As a matter develops, the Corporation, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, evaluates whether such matter presents a loss contingency that is probable and estimable, and, for the matters disclosed below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, whether a loss in excess of any accrued liability is reasonably possible in future periods. Once the loss contingency is deemed to be both probable and estimable, the Corporation will establish an accrued liability and record a corresponding amount of litigation-related expense. The Corporation continues to monitor the matter for further developments that could affect the amount of the accrued liability that has been previously established. Excluding expenses of internal and external legal service providers, litigation and regulatory investigation-related expense of $
82
million and $
238
million was recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $
53
million and $
151
million for the same periods in 2024.
Bank of America 84

For any matter disclosed in this Note and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure for which a loss in future periods is reasonably possible and estimable (whether in excess of an accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability), the Corporation’s estimated range of possible loss is $
0

to $
0.5
billion in excess of the accrued liability, if any, as of June 30, 2025.
The accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are based upon currently available information and subject to significant judgment, a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the accrued liability and estimated range of possible loss are unpredictable and may change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate and accrual. The estimated range of possible loss does not represent the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure.
Information is provided below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure regarding the nature of the litigation or other contingency and, where specified, associated claimed damages. Based on current knowledge, and taking into account accrued liabilities, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described below and in the prior commitments and contingencies disclosure, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or liquidity of the Corporation. However, in light of the significant judgment, variety of assumptions and uncertainties involved in those matters, some of which are beyond the Corporation’s control, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of those matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of those matters could be material to the Corporation’s business or results of operations for any particular reporting period, or cause significant reputational harm.
CFPB Lawsuit Related to Processing Electronic Payments
On March 4, 2025, the CFPB dismissed the lawsuit with prejudice.
Deposit Insurance Assessment
On March 31, 2025, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (DC District Court) granted the FDIC’s motion for summary judgment in the amount of $
540
million plus interest, related to assessments to the DIF for the period from the second quarter of 2013 to the fourth quarter of 2014. At the same time, the DC District Court granted BANA’s motion for summary judgment, finding that the FDIC is not entitled to recover with respect to assessments to the DIF totaling $
583
million for the period from the first quarter of 2012 to the first quarter of 2013. The DC District Court denied the other claims and counterclaims in the case. Neither party appealed. On July 3, 2025, BANA paid the $
540
million plus an amount of interest, which had been previously accrued by the Corporation. BANA disputes the FDIC’s claim that additional interest is due, and the parties have requested that the DC District Court resolve the dispute. BANA has pledged security satisfactory to the FDIC with respect to the disputed amount of interest.
Unemployment Insurance Prepaid Cards
On June 16, 2025, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (CA District Court) issued an order certifying classes of certain individuals who received California unemployment benefits via BANA prepaid debit cards. On June 30, 2025, BANA filed a petition with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Court requesting permission to appeal the CA District Court’s class certification order.
NOTE 11

Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Declared Quarterly Cash Dividends on Common Stock (1)
Declaration Date Record Date Payment Date Dividend Per Share
July 23, 2025 September 5, 2025 September 26, 2025 $ 0.28
April 23, 2025 June 6, 2025 June 27, 2025 0.26
January 29, 2025 March 7, 2025 March 28, 2025 0.26

(1)
In 2025, and through July 31, 2025.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Corporation repurchased and retired approximately
124
million and
226
million shares of common stock, which reduced shareholders’ equity by $
5.3
billion and $
9.8
billion, including excise taxes.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, in connection with employee stock plans, the Corporation issued
84
million shares of its common stock and, to satisfy tax withholding obligations, repurchased
32
million shares of common stock. At June 30, 2025, the Corporation had reserved
588
million unissued shares of common stock for future issuances under employee stock plans, convertible notes and preferred stock.
On July 23, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $
0.28
per share.
Preferred Stock
During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Corporation declared $
291
million and $
397
million of cash dividends on preferred stock or a total of $
688
million for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
On April 29, 2025, the Corporation issued
120,000
shares of
6.625
% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series OO for $
3.0
billion, with quarterly dividends commencing in August 2025. The Series OO preferred stock has a liquidation preference of $
25,000
per share and is subject to certain restrictions in the event the Corporation fails to declare and pay full dividends.
For more information on the Corporation’s preferred stock, including liquidation preference, dividend requirements and redemption period, see
Note 13 – Shareholders’ Equity
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
85 Bank of America

NOTE 12

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The table below presents the changes in accumulated OCI after-tax for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(Dollars in millions) Debt Securities Debit Valuation Adjustments Derivatives Employee Benefit Plans Foreign Currency Total
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ ( 2,410 ) $ ( 1,567 ) $ ( 8,016 ) $ ( 4,748 ) $ ( 1,047 ) $ ( 17,788 )
Net change 27 ( 135 ) 270 48 ( 51 ) 159
Balance, June 30, 2024 $ ( 2,383 ) $ ( 1,702 ) $ ( 7,746 ) $ ( 4,700 ) $ ( 1,098 ) $ ( 17,629 )
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ ( 2,252 ) $ ( 1,694 ) $ ( 5,588 ) $ ( 4,617 ) $ ( 1,134 ) $ ( 15,285 )
Net change 51 144 2,509 53 24 2,781
Balance, June 30, 2025 $ ( 2,201 ) $ ( 1,550 ) $ ( 3,079 ) $ ( 4,564 ) $ ( 1,110 ) $ ( 12,504 )

The table below presents the net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI, net realized gains and losses reclassified into earnings and other changes for each component of OCI pre- and after-tax for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Pretax Tax effect After- tax Pretax Tax effect After- tax
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024
Debt securities:
Net increase (decrease) in fair value $ 36 $ — $ 36 $ 54 $ ( 17 ) $ 37
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (1) 20 ( 5 ) 15 ( 14 ) 4 ( 10 )
Net change 56 ( 5 ) 51 40 ( 13 ) 27
Debit valuation adjustments:
Net increase (decrease) in fair value 190 ( 47 ) 143 ( 188 ) 47 ( 141 )
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (1) 1 — 1 9 ( 3 ) 6
Net change 191 ( 47 ) 144 ( 179 ) 44 ( 135 )
Derivatives:
Net increase (decrease) in fair value 2,581 ( 645 ) 1,936 ( 1,027 ) 259 ( 768 )
Reclassifications into earnings:
Net interest income 777 ( 195 ) 582 1,342 ( 336 ) 1,006
Market making and similar activities — — — 59 ( 14 ) 45
Compensation and benefits expense ( 12 ) 3 ( 9 ) ( 17 ) 4 ( 13 )
Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings 765 ( 192 ) 573 1,384 ( 346 ) 1,038
Net change 3,346 ( 837 ) 2,509 357 ( 87 ) 270
Employee benefit plans:
Net actuarial losses and other reclassified into earnings (2) 69 ( 16 ) 53 61 ( 13 ) 48
Net change 69 ( 16 ) 53 61 ( 13 ) 48
Foreign currency:
Net increase (decrease) in fair value ( 670 ) 694 24 276 ( 327 ) ( 51 )
Net change ( 670 ) 694 24 276 ( 327 ) ( 51 )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) $ 2,992 $ ( 211 ) $ 2,781 $ 555 $ ( 396 ) $ 159

(1)    
Reclassifications of pretax debt securities, DVA and foreign currency (gains) losses are recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)    
Reclassifications of pretax employee benefit plan costs are recorded in other general operating expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Bank of America 86

NOTE 13

Earnings Per Common Share
The calculation of earnings per common share (EPS) and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is presented below. For more information on the calculation of EPS, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(In millions, except per share information) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Earnings per common share
Net income $ 7,116 $ 6,897 $ 14,512 $ 13,571
Preferred stock dividends and other ( 291 ) ( 315 ) ( 697 ) ( 847 )
Net income applicable to common shareholders $ 6,825 $ 6,582 $ 13,815 $ 12,724
Average common shares issued and outstanding 7,581.2 7,897.9 7,629.5 7,933.3
Earnings per common share $ 0.90 $ 0.83 $ 1.81 $ 1.60
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income applicable to common shareholders $ 6,825 $ 6,582 $ 13,815 $ 12,724
Average common shares issued and outstanding 7,581.2 7,897.9 7,629.5 7,933.3
Dilutive potential common shares (1) 70.4 63.0 81.7 62.9
Total average diluted common shares issued and outstanding 7,651.6 7,960.9 7,711.2 7,996.2
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.89 $ 0.83 $ 1.79 $ 1.59

(1)
Includes incremental dilutive shares from preferred stock, restricted stock units, restricted stock and warrants.
For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024,
62
 million average dilutive potential common shares associated with the Series L preferred stock were not included in the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if converted” method.
NOTE 14

Fair Value Measurements
Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments under applicable accounting standards and conducts a review of fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Transfers into or out of fair value hierarchy classifications are made if the significant inputs used in the
financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities become unobservable or observable in the current marketplace. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no changes to valuation approaches or techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy, how the Corporation measures fair value and valuation techniques, see
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles
and
Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Corporation accounts for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information, see
Note 15 – Fair Value Option
.
87 Bank of America

Recurring Fair Value
Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, including financial instruments that the Corporation accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.
June 30, 2025
Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting Adjustments (1) Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments $ 1,593 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,593
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell — 633,476 — ( 448,333 ) 185,143
Trading account assets:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 54,639 3,333 — — 57,972
Corporate securities, trading loans and other — 51,928 2,152 — 54,080
Equity securities 77,851 38,032 402 — 116,285
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 12,556 46,282 253 — 59,091
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed — 59,948 5 — 59,953
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS — 8,292 911 — 9,203
Total trading account assets (2) 145,046 207,815 3,723 — 356,584
Derivative assets 21,171 289,032 4,217 ( 271,709 ) 42,711
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 260,300 858 — — 261,158
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency — 29,214 — — 29,214
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations — 18,797 — — 18,797
Non-agency residential — 274 3 — 277
Commercial — 30,445 472 — 30,917
Non-U.S. securities 423 25,605 394 — 26,422
Other taxable securities — 3,227 — — 3,227
Tax-exempt securities — 8,021 — — 8,021
Total AFS debt securities 260,723 116,441 869 — 378,033
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 1,770 — — — 1,770
Non-agency residential MBS — 211 43 — 254
Non-U.S. and other securities 645 8,228 — — 8,873
Total other debt securities carried at fair value 2,415 8,439 43 — 10,897
Loans and leases — 6,763 100 — 6,863
Loans held-for-sale — 2,312 97 — 2,409
Other assets (3) 5,345 2,584 1,942 — 9,871
Total assets (4) $ 436,293 $ 1,266,862 $ 10,991 $ ( 720,042 ) $ 994,104
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices $ — $ 991 $ — $ — $ 991
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase — 690,180 — ( 448,333 ) 241,847
Trading account liabilities:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 11,782 60 — — 11,842
Equity securities 53,560 5,378 7 — 58,945
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 9,700 13,981 — — 23,681
Corporate securities and other — 12,802 90 — 12,892
Mortgage trading loans and ABS — 66 — — 66
Total trading account liabilities 75,042 32,287 97 — 107,426
Derivative liabilities 21,732 290,613 5,404 ( 276,056 ) 41,693
Short-term borrowings — 5,596 — — 5,596
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 7,048 2,010 6 — 9,064
Long-term debt — 62,167 471 — 62,638
Total liabilities (4) $ 103,822 $ 1,083,844 $ 5,978 $ ( 724,389 ) $ 469,255

(1)
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)
Includes securities with a fair value of $
11.3
billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $
313
million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)
Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $
942
million.
(4)
Total recurring Level 3 assets were
0.32
percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were
0.19
percent of total consolidated liabilities.
Bank of America 88

December 31, 2024
Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in millions) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Netting Adjustments (1) Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Time deposits placed and other short-term investments $ 1,318 $ — $ — $ — $ 1,318
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell — 521,878 — ( 377,377 ) 144,501
Trading account assets:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 66,582 3,940 — — 70,522
Corporate securities, trading loans and other — 43,222 1,814 — 45,036
Equity securities 66,783 36,450 374 — 103,607
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 3,017 36,763 344 — 40,124
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS:
U.S. government-sponsored agency guaranteed — 43,850 5 — 43,855
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS — 10,343 973 — 11,316
Total trading account assets (2) 136,382 174,568 3,510 — 314,460
Derivative assets 14,626 289,940 3,562 ( 267,180 ) 40,948
AFS debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 233,671 908 — — 234,579
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency — 31,202 — — 31,202
Agency-collateralized mortgage obligations — 19,318 — — 19,318
Non-agency residential — 38 247 — 285
Commercial — 25,274 328 — 25,602
Non-U.S. securities 75 22,320 36 — 22,431
Other taxable securities — 4,603 — — 4,603
Tax-exempt securities — 8,412 — — 8,412
Total AFS debt securities 233,746 112,075 611 — 346,432
Other debt securities carried at fair value:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 3,885 — — — 3,885
Non-agency residential MBS — 101 149 — 250
Non-U.S. and other securities 854 7,186 — — 8,040
Total other debt securities carried at fair value 4,739 7,287 149 — 12,175
Loans and leases — 4,167 82 — 4,249
Loans held-for-sale — 2,082 132 — 2,214
Other assets (3) 8,279 2,928 1,969 — 13,176
Total assets (4) $ 399,090 $ 1,114,925 $ 10,015 $ ( 644,557 ) $ 879,473
Liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices $ — $ 310 $ — $ — $ 310
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase — 570,236 — ( 377,377 ) 192,859
Trading account liabilities:
U.S. Treasury and government agencies 16,408 195 — — 16,603
Equity securities 40,066 4,843 10 — 44,919
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 2,727 17,279 — — 20,006
Corporate securities and other — 10,871 110 — 10,981
Mortgage trading loans and ABS — 34 — — 34
Total trading account liabilities 59,201 33,222 120 — 92,543
Derivative liabilities 15,354 284,810 5,523 ( 266,334 ) 39,353
Short-term borrowings — 6,245 — — 6,245
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 9,113 3,997 89 — 13,199
Long-term debt — 49,452 553 — 50,005
Total liabilities (4) $ 83,668 $ 948,272 $ 6,285 $ ( 643,711 ) $ 394,514

(1)
Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
(2)
Includes securities with a fair value of $
18.3
billion that were segregated in compliance with securities regulations or deposited with clearing organizations. This amount is included in the parenthetical disclosure on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Trading account assets also includes certain commodities inventory of $
99
million that is accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the current selling price less any costs to sell.
(3)
Includes MSRs, which are classified as Level 3 assets, of $
972
million.
(4)
Total recurring Level 3 assets were
0.31
percent of total consolidated assets, and total recurring Level 3 liabilities were
0.21
percent of total consolidated liabilities.
89 Bank of America

The following tables present a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, including net realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated OCI. Transfers into Level 3 occur primarily due to
decreased price observability, and transfers out of Level 3 occur primarily due to increased price observability. Transfers occur on a regular basis for long-term debt instruments due to changes in the impact of unobservable inputs on the value of the embedded derivative in relation to the instrument as a whole.
Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
Balance April 1 Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income (2) Gains (Losses) in OCI (3) Gross Gross Transfers into Level 3 Gross Transfers out of Level 3 Balance June 30 Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions) Purchases Sales Issuances Settlements
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other $ 1,913 $ 67 $ 1 $ 503 $ ( 325 ) $ 15 $ ( 232 ) $ 273 $ ( 63 ) $ 2,152 $ 29
Equity securities 335 39 — 29 ( 15 ) — — 62 ( 48 ) 402 39
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 242 17 8 9 — — ( 10 ) — ( 13 ) 253 16
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 987 ( 22 ) — 50 ( 76 ) — ( 75 ) 112 ( 60 ) 916 ( 16 )
Total trading account assets 3,477 101 9 591 ( 416 ) 15 ( 317 ) 447 ( 184 ) 3,723 68
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) ( 1,530 ) 134 — 506 ( 547 ) — 67 ( 18 ) 201 ( 1,187 ) 64
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS 7 1 — — — — — — ( 5 ) 3 1
Commercial MBS 464 — 1 12 — — ( 5 ) — — 472 —
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 539 — ( 2 ) — ( 1 ) — — — ( 142 ) 394 —
Total AFS debt securities 1,010 1 ( 1 ) 12 ( 1 ) — ( 5 ) — ( 147 ) 869 1
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS 51 11 — — — — ( 1 ) — ( 18 ) 43 11
Loans and leases (5) 125 — — — — — ( 25 ) — — 100 —
Loans held-for-sale (5) 123 14 1 — — — ( 41 ) — — 97 8
Other assets (6,7) 1,959 ( 43 ) 21 59 — 36 ( 90 ) — — 1,942 32
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities ( 5 ) ( 2 ) — — — — — — — ( 7 ) ( 2 )
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other ( 148 ) 51 — 8 ( 11 ) — 11 ( 1 ) — ( 90 ) 39
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5) ( 94 ) ( 55 ) — 144 — — ( 1 ) — — ( 6 ) ( 55 )
Long-term debt (5) ( 443 ) ( 33 ) 2 — — — 3 — — ( 471 ) ( 33 )
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other $ 1,582 $ 17 $ ( 2 ) $ 185 $ ( 71 ) $ 20 $ ( 142 ) $ 317 $ ( 90 ) $ 1,816 $ ( 18 )
Equity securities 214 2 — 48 ( 15 ) — ( 1 ) — ( 17 ) 231 7
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 394 ( 9 ) ( 25 ) 15 ( 4 ) — ( 48 ) — — 323 ( 9 )
Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 1,058 ( 23 ) — 101 ( 187 ) — ( 16 ) 92 ( 52 ) 973 ( 20 )
Total trading account assets 3,248 ( 13 ) ( 27 ) 349 ( 277 ) 20 ( 207 ) 409 ( 159 ) 3,343 ( 40 )
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) ( 2,668 ) 477 — 309 ( 243 ) — ( 287 ) ( 158 ) 204 ( 2,366 ) 460
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS 251 1 — — — — ( 2 ) — ( 117 ) 133 1
Commercial MBS — ( 6 ) 1 175 — — — — — 170 ( 6 )
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 91 ( 8 ) — — — — ( 2 ) 1 ( 4 ) 78 ( 2 )
Total AFS debt securities 342 ( 13 ) 1 175 — — ( 4 ) 1 ( 121 ) 381 ( 7 )
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS 71 ( 2 ) — — — — — — ( 16 ) 53 ( 2 )
Loans and leases (5,6) 90 1 — — — — ( 2 ) — — 89 —
Loans held-for-sale (5) 149 — ( 3 ) — — — ( 13 ) — — 133 ( 3 )
Other assets (6,7) 1,668 85 ( 15 ) 18 — 27 ( 83 ) — — 1,700 57
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities ( 28 ) 2 — — — — 6 — 9 ( 11 ) —
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other ( 43 ) ( 15 ) — ( 1 ) ( 13 ) ( 1 ) 1 — — ( 72 ) ( 16 )
Short-term borrowings (5) ( 9 ) 1 — — — ( 9 ) 9 — — ( 8 ) 1
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (5) ( 19 ) ( 11 ) — 22 — — — — — ( 8 ) ( 11 )
Long-term debt (5) ( 611 ) 18 ( 2 ) — — — 7 — — ( 588 ) 18

(1)
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Net derivative assets (liabilities) -
market making and similar activities
and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income primarily related to MSRs; Short-term borrowings - market making and similar activities; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in
OCI
on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, derivatives designated in cash flow hedges and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized gains (losses) of $
33
million and $(
44
) million related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(4)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $
4.2
billion and $
3.9
billion and derivative liabilities of $
5.4
billion and $
6.3
billion at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(5)
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)
Issuances represent MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
Bank of America 90

Level 3 – Fair Value Measurements (1)
Balance January 1 Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income (2) Gains (Losses) in OCI (3) Gross Gross Transfers into Level 3 Gross Transfers out of Level 3 Balance June 30 Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) in Net Income Related to Financial Instruments Still Held (2)
(Dollars in millions) Purchases Sales Issuances Settlements
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other $ 1,814 $ 189 $ 2 $ 1,017 $ ( 671 ) $ 23 $ ( 536 ) $ 476 $ ( 162 ) $ 2,152 $ ( 98 )
Equity securities 374 48 — 85 ( 28 ) — ( 105 ) 107 ( 79 ) 402 39
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 344 66 23 25 — — ( 181 ) — ( 24 ) 253 51
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS 978 ( 19 ) — 137 ( 172 ) — ( 92 ) 205 ( 121 ) 916 2
Total trading account assets 3,510 284 25 1,264 ( 871 ) 23 ( 914 ) 788 ( 386 ) 3,723 ( 6 )
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) ( 1,961 ) 984 — 752 ( 924 ) — 24 ( 272 ) 210 ( 1,187 ) 785
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS 247 1 — — — — — — ( 245 ) 3 1
Commercial MBS 328 ( 2 ) 4 237 — — ( 95 ) — — 472 ( 2 )
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 36 — ( 3 ) 506 ( 1 ) — ( 2 ) — ( 142 ) 394 —
Total AFS debt securities 611 ( 1 ) 1 743 ( 1 ) — ( 97 ) — ( 387 ) 869 ( 1 )
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS 149 13 — — — — ( 2 ) — ( 117 ) 43 13
Loans and leases (5,6) 82 1 — — — — ( 27 ) 44 — 100 1
Loans held-for-sale (5,6) 132 27 3 — ( 14 ) — ( 51 ) — — 97 ( 8 )
Other assets (6,7) 1,969 ( 61 ) 29 91 — 73 ( 159 ) — — 1,942 ( 2 )
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities ( 10 ) 1 — 3 — — — ( 3 ) 2 ( 7 ) ( 1 )
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other ( 110 ) 18 — 7 ( 15 ) — 21 ( 12 ) 1 ( 90 ) 15
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (6) ( 89 ) ( 62 ) — 146 — — ( 1 ) — — ( 6 ) ( 76 )
Long-term debt (5) ( 553 ) ( 56 ) 12 — — — 126 — — ( 471 ) ( 48 )
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Trading account assets:
Corporate securities, trading loans and other $ 1,689 $ 24 $ ( 3 ) $ 291 $ ( 128 ) $ 23 $ ( 466 ) $ 515 $ ( 129 ) $ 1,816 $ ( 40 )
Equity securities 187 6 — 86 ( 37 ) — ( 4 ) 11 ( 18 ) 231 9
Non-U.S. sovereign debt 396 5 ( 34 ) 26 ( 5 ) — ( 65 ) — — 323 5
Mortgage trading loans, ABS and other MBS 1,217 ( 23 ) — 237 ( 471 ) — ( 43 ) 164 ( 108 ) 973 ( 43 )
Total trading account assets 3,489 12 ( 37 ) 640 ( 641 ) 23 ( 578 ) 690 ( 255 ) 3,343 ( 69 )
Net derivative assets (liabilities) (4) ( 2,494 ) 506 — 494 ( 579 ) — ( 535 ) ( 299 ) 541 ( 2,366 ) ( 616 )
AFS debt securities:
Non-agency residential MBS 273 9 47 — — — ( 141 ) 62 ( 117 ) 133 10
Commercial MBS — ( 6 ) 1 175 — — — — — 170 ( 6 )
Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 103 ( 7 ) — — — — ( 14 ) 1 ( 5 ) 78 ( 2 )
Total AFS debt securities 376 ( 4 ) 48 175 — — ( 155 ) 63 ( 122 ) 381 2
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential MBS 69 3 — — — — ( 20 ) 17 ( 16 ) 53 3
Loans and leases (5,6) 93 1 — — — 1 ( 6 ) — — 89 1
Loans held-for-sale (5) 164 ( 2 ) ( 4 ) — — — ( 25 ) — — 133 ( 6 )
Other assets (6,7) 1,657 140 ( 26 ) 20 — 73 ( 165 ) 1 — 1,700 93
Trading account liabilities – Equity securities ( 12 ) 2 — — ( 4 ) — 6 ( 14 ) 11 ( 11 ) —
Trading account liabilities – Corporate securities and other ( 39 ) ( 18 ) — ( 3 ) ( 13 ) ( 2 ) 9 ( 6 ) — ( 72 ) ( 20 )
Short-term borrowings (5) ( 10 ) — — — — ( 9 ) 11 — — ( 8 ) —
Accrued expenses and other liabilities (6) ( 21 ) ( 9 ) — 22 — — — — — ( 8 ) ( 8 )
Long-term debt (5) ( 614 ) 31 ( 17 ) — — — 13 ( 1 ) — ( 588 ) 32

(1)
Assets (liabilities). For assets, increase (decrease) to Level 3 and for liabilities, (increase) decrease to Level 3.
(2)
Includes gains (losses) reported in earnings in the following income statement line items: Trading account assets/liabilities - market making and similar activities and other income; Net derivative assets (liabilities) -
market making and similar activities
and other income; AFS debt securities - other income; Other debt securities carried at fair value - other income; Loans and leases - other income; Loans held-for-sale - other income; Other assets - market making and similar activities and other income primarily related to MSRs; Accrued expenses and other liabilities - other income; Long-term debt - market making and similar activities.
(3)
Includes unrealized gains (losses) in
OCI
on AFS debt securities, foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of changes in the Corporation’s credit spreads on long-term debt accounted for under the fair value option. Amounts include net unrealized gains (losses) of $
62
million and $(
33
) million related to financial instruments still held at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(4)
Net derivative assets (liabilities) include derivative assets of $
4.2
billion and $
3.9
billion and derivative liabilities of $
5.4
billion and $
6.3
billion at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(5)
Amounts represent instruments that are accounted for under the fair value option.
(6)
Issuances represent loan originations and MSRs recognized following securitizations or whole-loan sales.
(7)
Settlements primarily represent the net change in fair value of the MSR asset due to the recognition of modeled cash flows and the passage of time.
91 Bank of America

The following tables present information about significant unobservable inputs related to the Corporation’s material categories of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions) Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Ranges of Inputs Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets $ 291 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 0 % to 20 % 9 %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 171 Prepayment speed 0 % to 43 % CPR 7 % CPR
Loans and leases 74 Default rate 0 % to 6 % CDR 5 % CDR
AFS debt securities – Non-agency residential 3 Price $ 0 to $ 116 $ 76
Other debt securities carried at fair value – Non-agency residential 43 Loss severity 0 % to 78 % 27 %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets $ 697 Discounted cash flow, Asset-based approach Yield 0 % to 5 % 3 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 155 Price $ 0 to $ 104 $ 88
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 44
AFS debt securities – Commercial 472
Loans held-for-sale 26
Commercial loans, debt securities and other $ 3,442 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 5 % to 30 % 17 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 1,997 Prepayment speed 20 % n/a
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt 253 Default rate 2 % n/a
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 701 Loss severity 30 % n/a
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. securities 394 Price $ 0 to $ 142 $ 72
Loans and leases 26
Loans held-for-sale 71
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities $ 1,000 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Price $ 10 to $ 95 $ 85
Discount rate 8 % to 11 % 9 %
MSRs $ 942 Discounted cash flow Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5) 0 to 13 years 6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5) 0 to 11 years 4 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate 7 % to 14 % 9 %
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate 9 % to 15 % 12 %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $ ( 471 ) Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 17 % to 23 % 21 %
Price $ 30 to $ 100 $ 91
Natural gas forward price $ 2 /MMBtu to $ 8 /MMBtu $ 4 /MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives $ 26 Market comparables, Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model Credit spreads 6 to 66 bps 50 bps
Prepayment speed 15 % CPR n/a
Default rate 2 % CDR n/a
Credit correlation 33 % to 67 % 55 %
Price $ 0 to $ 101 $ 94
Equity derivatives $ ( 770 ) Industry standard derivative pricing (3) Equity correlation 0 % to 100 % 61 %
Long-dated equity volatilities 0 % to 85 % 34 %
Commodity derivatives $ ( 687 ) Discounted cash flow Natural gas forward price $ 2 /MMBtu to $ 8 /MMBtu $ 4 /MMBtu
Power forward price $ 26 to $ 117 $ 52
Interest rate derivatives $ 244 Industry standard derivative pricing (4) Correlation (IR/IR) ( 35 )% to 70 % 46 %
Correlation (FX/IR) ( 5 )% to 58 % 35 %
Long-dated inflation rates ( 1 )% to 26 % 2 %
Long-dated inflation volatilities 0 % to 5 % 5 %
Interest rate volatilities 0 % to 2 % 0 %
Total net derivative assets (liabilities) $ ( 1,187 )

(1)
For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)
The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 88: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $
2.2
billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $
253
million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $
916
million, AFS debt securities of $
869
million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $
43
million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $
1.9
billion, Loans and leases of $
100
million and LHFS of $
97
million.
(3)
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)
The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Bank of America 92

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Ranges of Inputs Weighted Average (1)
Loans and Securities (2)
Instruments backed by residential real estate assets $ 636 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 0 % to 20 % 9 %
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 163 Prepayment speed 0 % to 43 % CPR 8 % CPR
Loans and leases 77 Default rate 0 % to 6 % CDR 6 % CDR
AFS debt securities - Non-agency residential 247 Price $ 0 to $ 115 $ 74
Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential 149 Loss severity 0 % to 76 % 24 %
Instruments backed by commercial real estate assets $ 555 Discounted cash flow Yield 1 % n/a
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 185 Price $ 0 to $ 103 $ 84
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 42
AFS debt securities – Commercial 328
Commercial loans, debt securities and other $ 2,919 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 4 % to 37 % 17 %
Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other 1,629 Prepayment speed 20 % n/a
Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt 344 Default rate 2 % n/a
Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS 773 Loss severity 30 % n/a
AFS debt securities – Non-U.S. and other taxable securities 36 Price $ 0 to $ 135 $ 69
Loans and leases 5
Loans held-for-sale 132
Other assets, primarily auction rate securities $ 997 Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Price $ 10 to $ 95 $ 86
Discount rate 8 % to 11 % 9 %
MSRs $ 972 Discounted cash flow Weighted-average life, fixed rate (5) 0 to 13 years 6 years
Weighted-average life, variable rate (5) 0 to 12 years 3 years
Option-adjusted spread, fixed rate 7 % to 14 % 9 %
Option-adjusted spread, variable rate 9 % to 15 % 11 %
Structured liabilities
Long-term debt $ ( 553 ) Discounted cash flow, Market comparables Yield 18 % to 22 % 21 %
Price $ 32 to $ 100 $ 91
Natural gas forward price $ 2 /MMBtu to $ 7 /MMBtu $ 4 /MMBtu
Net derivative assets (liabilities)
Credit derivatives $ ( 6 ) Discounted cash flow, Stochastic recovery correlation model Credit spreads 3 to 298 bps 63 bps
Prepayment speed 15 % CPR n/a
Default rate 2 % CDR n/a
Credit correlation 29 % to 63 % 49 %
Price $ 0 to $ 99 $ 94
Equity derivatives $ ( 869 ) Industry standard derivative pricing (3) Equity correlation 0 % to 100 % 59 %
Long-dated equity volatilities 1 % to 87 % 33 %
Commodity derivatives $ ( 740 ) Discounted cash flow Natural gas forward price $ 2 /MMBtu to $ 7 /MMBtu $ 4 /MMBtu
Power forward price $ 22 to $ 104 $ 48
Interest rate derivatives $ ( 346 ) Industry standard derivative pricing (4) Correlation (IR/IR) ( 35 )% to 70 % 50 %
Correlation (FX/IR) ( 25 )% to 58 % 27 %
Long-dated inflation rates G ( 1 )% to 21 % 3 %
Long-dated inflation volatilities 0 % to 5 % 3 %
Interest rates volatilities ( 1 )% to 1 % 0 %
Total net derivative assets (liabilities) $ ( 1,961 )

(1)
For loans and securities, structured liabilities and net derivative assets (liabilities), the weighted average is calculated based upon the absolute fair value of the instruments.
(2)
The categories are aggregated based upon product type, which differs from financial statement classification. The following is a reconciliation to the line items in the table on page 89: Trading account assets – Corporate securities, trading loans and other of $
1.8
billion, Trading account assets – Non-U.S. sovereign debt of $
344
million, Trading account assets – Mortgage trading loans, MBS and ABS of $
978
million, AFS debt securities of $
611
million, Other debt securities carried at fair value - Non-agency residential of $
149
million, Other assets, including MSRs, of $
2.0
billion, Loans and leases of $
82
million and LHFS of $
132
million.
(3)
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes.
(4)
Includes models such as Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes and other methods that model the joint dynamics of interest, inflation and foreign exchange rates.
(5)
The weighted-average life is a product of changes in market rates of interest, prepayment rates and other model and cash flow assumptions.
CPR = Constant Prepayment Rate
CDR = Constant Default Rate
MMBtu = Million British thermal units
IR = Interest Rate
FX = Foreign Exchange
n/a = not applicable
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements from Unobservable Inputs
For information on the types of instruments, valuation approaches and the impact of changes in unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, see
Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
93 Bank of America

Nonrecurring Fair Value
The Corporation holds certain assets that are measured at fair value only in certain situations (e.g., the impairment of an asset), and these measurements are referred to herein as nonrecurring.
The amounts below represent assets still held as of the reporting date for which a nonrecurring fair value adjustment was recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
June 30, 2025 Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
(Dollars in millions) Level 2 Level 3 Gains (Losses)
Assets
Loans held-for-sale $ 135 $ — $ ( 6 ) $ 50
Loans and leases (1) — 56 ( 10 ) ( 15 )
Foreclosed properties (2, 3) — 67 — —
Other assets (4) 2 56 8 5
June 30, 2024 Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Assets
Loans held-for-sale $ 14 $ 2,686 $ ( 49 ) $ ( 105 )
Loans and leases (1) — 71 ( 10 ) ( 17 )
Foreclosed properties (2, 3) — 46 ( 2 ) ( 1 )
Other assets (4) 1 296 ( 27 ) ( 40 )

(1)
Includes $
3
million and $
5
million of losses on loans that were written down to a collateral value of zero during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to losses of $
2
million and $
4
million for the same periods in 2024.
(2)
Amounts are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and represent the carrying value of foreclosed properties that were written down subsequent to their initial classification as foreclosed properties. Losses on foreclosed properties include losses recorded during the first 90 days after transfer of a loan to foreclosed properties.
(3)
Excludes $
14
million and $
21
million of properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans) at June 30, 2025 and 2024.
(4)
Represents the fair value of certain impaired renewable energy investments.
The table below presents information about significant unobservable inputs utilized in the Corporation's nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.
Quantitative Information about Nonrecurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Inputs
Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Ranges of Inputs Weighted Average (1)
(Dollars in millions) Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Loans and leases (2) $ 56 Market comparables OREO discount 10 % to 66 % 26 %
Costs to sell 8 % to 24 % 9 %
Other assets (3) 56 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7 % n/a
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Loans held-for-sale $ 2,652 Pricing model Implied yield 9 % to 28 % n/a
Loans and leases (2) 119 Market comparables OREO discount 10 % to 66 % 26 %
Costs to sell 8 % to 24 % 9 %
Other assets (3) 236 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7 % n/a

(1)
The weighted average is calculated based upon the fair value of the loans.
(2)
Represents residential mortgages where the loan has been written down to the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(3)
Represents the fair value of certain impaired renewable energy investments.
n/a = not applicable
NOTE 15

Fair Value Option
The Corporation elects to account for certain financial instruments under the fair value option. For more information on the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option elections have been made, see
Note 21 – Fair Value Option
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following tables provide
information about the fair value carrying amount and the contractual principal outstanding of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and information about where changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value option are included in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Bank of America 94

Fair Value Option Elections
June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions) Fair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal Fair Value Carrying Amount Contractual Principal Outstanding Fair Value Carrying Amount Less Unpaid Principal
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell $ 185,143 $ 185,086 $ 57 $ 144,501 $ 144,449 $ 52
Loans reported as trading account assets (1) 10,237 23,751 ( 13,514 ) 11,615 24,461 ( 12,846 )
Trading inventory – other 17,180 n/a n/a 15,369 n/a n/a
Consumer and commercial loans 6,863 6,897 ( 34 ) 4,249 4,292 ( 43 )
Loans held-for-sale (1) 2,409 3,036 ( 627 ) 2,214 2,824 ( 610 )
Other assets 3,025 n/a n/a 2,732 n/a n/a
Long-term deposits 991 1,065 ( 74 ) 310 386 ( 76 )
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase 241,847 241,863 ( 16 ) 192,859 192,877 ( 18 )
Short-term borrowings 5,596 5,598 ( 2 ) 6,245 6,247 ( 2 )
Unfunded loan commitments 75 n/a n/a 144 n/a n/a
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,146 1,104 42 2,642 2,414 228
Long-term debt 62,638 67,252 ( 4,614 ) 50,005 54,257 ( 4,252 )

(1)
A significant portion of the loans reported as trading account assets and LHFS are distressed loans that were purchased at a deep discount to par, and the remainder are loans with a fair value near contractual principal outstanding.
n/a = not applicable
Gains (Losses) Related to Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option
Three Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
(Dollars in millions) Market making and similar activities Other Income Total Market making and similar activities Other Income Total
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell $ 189 $ ( 1 ) $ 188 $ 78 $ ( 1 ) $ 77
Loans reported as trading account assets 60 3 63 20 — 20
Trading inventory – other (1) 127 — 127 ( 1,130 ) — ( 1,130 )
Consumer and commercial loans 63 ( 3 ) 60 36 14 50
Loans held-for-sale (2) — 17 17 — ( 7 ) ( 7 )
Short-term borrowings 28 — 28 75 — 75
Unfunded loan commitments — ( 11 ) ( 11 ) — ( 6 ) ( 6 )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 1 ( 9 ) ( 8 ) 237 — 237
Long-term debt (3) ( 622 ) ( 6 ) ( 628 ) 58 ( 7 ) 51
Other (4) ( 160 ) ( 159 ) ( 319 ) ( 76 ) ( 3 ) ( 79 )
Total $ ( 314 ) $ ( 169 ) $ ( 483 ) $ ( 702 ) $ ( 10 ) $ ( 712 )
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell $ 323 $ ( 3 ) $ 320 $ 108 $ ( 4 ) $ 104
Loans reported as trading account assets 172 3 175 5 — 5
Trading inventory – other (1) 1,834 — 1,834 781 — 781
Consumer and commercial loans 81 ( 2 ) 79 56 19 75
Loans held-for-sale (2) — 77 77 — ( 17 ) ( 17 )
Short-term borrowings 69 — 69 73 — 73
Unfunded loan commitments — ( 20 ) ( 20 ) — ( 20 ) ( 20 )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities ( 6 ) ( 9 ) ( 15 ) 398 — 398
Long-term debt (3) ( 877 ) ( 18 ) ( 895 ) 267 ( 20 ) 247
Other (4) ( 275 ) ( 169 ) ( 444 ) ( 84 ) ( 7 ) ( 91 )
Total $ 1,321 $ ( 141 ) $ 1,180 $ 1,604 $ ( 49 ) $ 1,555

(1)
    The gains (losses) in market making and similar activities are primarily offset by (losses) gains on trading liabilities that hedge these assets.
(2)
    Includes the value of IRLCs on funded loans, including those sold during the period.
(3)
    The net gains (losses) in market making and similar activities relate to the embedded derivatives in structured liabilities and are typically offset by (losses) gains on derivatives and securities that hedge these liabilities. For the cumulative impact of changes in the Corporation’s own credit spreads and the amount recognized in accumulated OCI, see
Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
. For more information on how the Corporation’s own credit spread is determined, see
Note 20 – Fair Value Measurements
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K
.
(4)
    Includes gains (losses) on other assets, long-term deposits and federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
95 Bank of America

Gains (Losses) Related to Borrower-specific Credit Risk for Assets and Liabilities Accounted for Under the Fair Value Option
Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Loans reported as trading account assets $ ( 47 ) $ ( 32 ) $ 113 $ ( 64 )
Consumer and commercial loans ( 2 ) 13 ( 2 ) 16
Loans held-for-sale 6 ( 2 ) 7 ( 1 )
Unfunded loan commitments ( 11 ) ( 6 ) ( 20 ) ( 20 )
Long-term debt — — — ( 3 )

NOTE 16

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following disclosures include financial instruments that are not carried at fair value or only a portion of the ending balance is carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Certain loans, deposits, long-term debt, unfunded lending commitments and other financial instruments are accounted for under the fair value option. For more information, see
Note 21 – Fair Value Option
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying values and fair values by fair value hierarchy of certain financial instruments where only a portion of the ending balance was carried at fair value at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are presented in the table below.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value
Carrying Value Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in millions) June 30, 2025
Financial assets
Loans $ 1,111,187 $ 53,572 $ 1,039,923 $ 1,093,495
Loans held-for-sale 5,401 4,556 845 5,401
Financial liabilities
Deposits (1) 2,011,613 2,012,802 — 2,012,802
Long-term debt 313,418 317,250 586 317,836
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2) 1,218 75 6,279 6,354
December 31, 2024
Financial assets
Loans $ 1,060,629 $ 50,971 $ 992,135 $ 1,043,106
Loans held-for-sale 9,545 6,707 2,838 9,545
Financial liabilities
Deposits (1) 1,965,467 1,967,061 — 1,967,061
Long-term debt 283,279 287,098 652 287,750
Commercial unfunded lending commitments (2) 1,240 55 3,639 3,694

(1)    
Includes demand deposits of $
899.3
billion and $
892.9
billion with
no
stated maturities at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
(2)
    The carrying value of commercial unfunded lending commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Corporation does not estimate the fair value of consumer unfunded lending commitments because, in many instances, the Corporation can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing notice to the borrower. For more information on commitments, see
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies
.
Bank of America 96

NOTE 17

Business Segment Information
The Corporation reports its results of operations through the following
four
business segments:
Consumer Banking
,
Global Wealth & Investment Management,

Global Banking
and
Global Markets
, with the remaining operations recorded in
All Other
. For more information, see
Note 23 – Business Segment Information
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the
Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following tables presents net income (loss) and the components thereto (with net interest income on an FTE basis for the business segments,
All Other
and the total Corporation) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and total assets at June 30, 2025 and 2024 for each business segment, as well as
All Other.
Results of Business Segments and All Other (1)
At and for the three months ended June 30 Total Corporation (2) Consumer Banking Global Wealth & Investment Management
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income $ 14,815 $ 13,862 $ 8,726 $ 8,118 $ 1,762 $ 1,693
Noninterest income 11,793 11,675 2,087 2,088 4,175 3,881
Total revenue, net of interest expense 26,608 25,537 10,813 10,206 5,937 5,574
Provision for credit losses 1,592 1,508 1,282 1,281 20 7
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits (3) 10,332 9,826 1,629 1,584 2,966 2,703
Other noninterest expense 6,851 6,483 3,938 3,880 1,627 1,496
Total noninterest expense 17,183 16,309 5,567 5,464 4,593 4,199
Income before income taxes 7,833 7,720 3,964 3,461 1,324 1,368
Income tax expense 717 823 991 866 331 342
Net income $ 7,116 $ 6,897 $ 2,973 $ 2,595 $ 993 $ 1,026
Period-end total assets $ 3,441,142 $ 3,257,996 $ 1,037,407 $ 1,033,960 $ 320,820 $ 324,476
Global Banking Global Markets All Other
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income $ 3,081 $ 3,275 $ 1,267 $ 770 $ ( 21 ) $ 6
Noninterest income 2,609 2,778 4,713 4,689 ( 1,791 ) ( 1,761 )
Total revenue, net of interest expense 5,690 6,053 5,980 5,459 ( 1,812 ) ( 1,755 )
Provision for credit losses 277 235 22 ( 13 ) ( 9 ) ( 2 )
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits (3) 1,090 1,032 944 873 — —
Other noninterest expense 1,980 1,867 2,862 2,613 147 261
Total noninterest expense 3,070 2,899 3,806 3,486 147 261
Income (loss) before income taxes 2,343 2,919 2,152 1,986 ( 1,950 ) ( 2,014 )
Income tax expense (benefit) 644 803 624 576 ( 1,873 ) ( 1,764 )
Net income (loss) $ 1,699 $ 2,116 $ 1,528 $ 1,410 $ ( 77 ) $ ( 250 )
Period-end total assets $ 739,759 $ 620,217 $ 1,017,649 $ 887,162 $ 325,507 $ 392,181

(1)
Segment results are presented on an FTE basis and include additional net interest income and income tax expense, related to tax-exempt securities, of $
145
million and $
160
million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as compared to the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)
There were no material intersegment revenues.
(3)
Represents the compensation and benefits directly incurred by each segment.
97 Bank of America

Results of Business Segments and All Other (1)
At and for the six months ended June 30 Total Corporation (2) Consumer Banking Global Wealth & Investment Management
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income $ 29,403 $ 28,052 $ 17,231 $ 16,315 $ 3,527 $ 3,507
Noninterest income 24,716 23,461 4,075 4,057 8,426 7,658
Total revenue, net of interest expense 54,119 51,513 21,306 20,372 11,953 11,165
Provision for credit losses 3,072 2,827 2,574 2,431 34 ( 6 )
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits (3) 21,221 20,021 3,315 3,221 5,997 5,498
Other noninterest expense 13,732 13,525 8,078 7,718 3,255 2,965
Total noninterest expense 34,953 33,546 11,393 10,939 9,252 8,463
Income before income taxes 16,094 15,140 7,339 7,002 2,667 2,708
Income tax expense 1,582 1,569 1,835 1,751 667 677
Net income $ 14,512 $ 13,571 $ 5,504 $ 5,251 $ 2,000 $ 2,031
Period-end total assets $ 3,441,142 $ 3,257,996 $ 1,037,407 $ 1,033,960 $ 320,820 $ 324,476
Global Banking Global Markets All Other
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net interest income $ 6,232 $ 6,735 $ 2,456 $ 1,451 $ ( 43 ) $ 44
Noninterest income 5,435 5,298 10,108 9,891 ( 3,328 ) ( 3,443 )
Total revenue, net of interest expense 11,667 12,033 12,564 11,342 ( 3,371 ) ( 3,399 )
Provision for credit losses 431 464 50 ( 49 ) ( 17 ) ( 13 )
Noninterest expense
Compensation and benefits (3) 2,280 2,212 1,996 1,838 — —
Other noninterest expense 3,974 3,699 5,621 5,140 437 1,255
Total noninterest expense 6,254 5,911 7,617 6,978 437 1,255
Income (loss) before income taxes 4,982 5,658 4,897 4,413 ( 3,791 ) ( 4,641 )
Income tax expense (benefit) 1,370 1,556 1,420 1,280 ( 3,710 ) ( 3,695 )
Net income (loss) $ 3,612 $ 4,102 $ 3,477 $ 3,133 $ ( 81 ) $ ( 946 )
Period-end total assets $ 739,759 $ 620,217 $ 1,017,649 $ 887,162 $ 325,507 $ 392,181

(1)
Segment results are presented on an FTE basis and include additional net interest income and income tax expense, related to tax-exempt securities, of $
290
million and $
318
million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as compared to the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)
There were no material intersegment revenues.
(3)
Represents the compensation and benefits directly incurred by each segment.
Bank of America 98

The table below presents noninterest income and the associated components for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 for each business segment,
All Other
and the total Corporation. For more information, see
Note 2 – Net Interest Income and Noninterest Income
.
Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other
Total Corporation Consumer Banking Global Wealth & Investment Management
Three Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fees and commissions:
Card income
Interchange fees $ 1,036 $ 1,023 $ 821 $ 815 $ ( 7 ) $ ( 7 )
Other card income 610 558 594 546 17 16
Total card income 1,646 1,581 1,415 1,361 10 9
Service charges
Deposit-related fees 1,265 1,172 627 614 12 10
Lending-related fees 350 335 — — 16 14
Total service charges 1,615 1,507 627 614 28 24
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees 3,698 3,370 58 45 3,643 3,327
Brokerage fees 1,082 950 27 33 390 380
Total investment and brokerage services 4,780 4,320 85 78 4,033 3,707
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income 806 869 — — 65 57
Syndication fees 289 318 — — — —
Financial advisory services 333 374 — — — —
Total investment banking fees 1,428 1,561 — — 65 57
Total fees and commissions 9,469 8,969 2,127 2,053 4,136 3,797
Market making and similar activities 3,153 3,298 6 6 28 38
Other income (loss) ( 829 ) ( 592 ) ( 46 ) 29 11 46
Total noninterest income $ 11,793 $ 11,675 $ 2,087 $ 2,088 $ 4,175 $ 3,881
Global Banking Global Markets All Other
Three Months Ended June 30
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fees and commissions:
Card income
Interchange fees $ 203 $ 195 $ 19 $ 20 $ — $ —
Other card income 4 3 — — ( 5 ) ( 7 )
Total card income 207 198 19 20 ( 5 ) ( 7 )
Service charges
Deposit-related fees 607 525 17 22 2 1
Lending-related fees 257 250 77 71 — —
Total service charges 864 775 94 93 2 1
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees — — — — ( 3 ) ( 2 )
Brokerage fees 23 21 642 516 — —
Total investment and brokerage services 23 21 642 516 ( 3 ) ( 2 )
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income 322 345 489 517 ( 70 ) ( 50 )
Syndication fees 154 168 135 150 — —
Financial advisory services 291 322 42 52 — —
Total investment banking fees 767 835 666 719 ( 70 ) ( 50 )
Total fees and commissions 1,861 1,829 1,421 1,348 ( 76 ) ( 58 )
Market making and similar activities 68 78 3,300 3,218 ( 249 ) ( 42 )
Other income (loss) 680 871 ( 8 ) 123 ( 1,466 ) ( 1,661 )
Total noninterest income $ 2,609 $ 2,778 $ 4,713 $ 4,689 $ ( 1,791 ) $ ( 1,761 )

99 Bank of America

Noninterest Income by Business Segment and All Other
Total Corporation Consumer Banking Global Wealth & Investment Management
Six Months Ended June 30
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fees and commissions:
Card income
Interchange fees $ 1,952 $ 1,954 $ 1,531 $ 1,547 $ ( 13 ) $ ( 11 )
Other card income 1,212 1,090 1,181 1,086 33 30
Total card income 3,164 3,044 2,712 2,633 20 19
Service charges
Deposit-related fees 2,493 2,294 1,245 1,192 25 21
Lending-related fees 683 655 — — 30 26
Total service charges 3,176 2,949 1,245 1,192 55 47
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees 7,436 6,640 113 100 7,330 6,546
Brokerage fees 2,157 1,867 55 56 792 761
Total investment and brokerage services 9,593 8,507 168 156 8,122 7,307
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income 1,576 1,770 — — 134 120
Syndication fees 658 612 — — — —
Financial advisory services 717 747 — — — —
Total investment banking fees 2,951 3,129 — — 134 120
Total fees and commissions 18,884 17,629 4,125 3,981 8,331 7,493
Market making and similar activities 6,737 7,186 14 11 62 72
Other income (loss) ( 905 ) ( 1,354 ) ( 64 ) 65 33 93
Total noninterest income $ 24,716 $ 23,461 $ 4,075 $ 4,057 $ 8,426 $ 7,658
Global Banking Global Markets All Other
Six Months Ended June 30
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fees and commissions:
Card income
Interchange fees $ 401 $ 381 $ 33 $ 37 $ — $ —
Other card income 8 5 — — ( 10 ) ( 31 )
Total card income 409 386 33 37 ( 10 ) ( 31 )
Service charges
Deposit-related fees 1,189 1,034 31 45 3 2
Lending-related fees 501 491 152 138 — —
Total service charges 1,690 1,525 183 183 3 2
Investment and brokerage services
Asset management fees — — — — ( 7 ) ( 6 )
Brokerage fees 41 39 1,269 1,011 — —
Total investment and brokerage services 41 39 1,269 1,011 ( 7 ) ( 6 )
Investment banking fees
Underwriting income 644 726 942 1,027 ( 144 ) ( 103 )
Syndication fees 340 320 318 292 — —
Financial advisory services 630 639 87 108 — —
Total investment banking fees 1,614 1,685 1,347 1,427 ( 144 ) ( 103 )
Total fees and commissions 3,754 3,635 2,832 2,658 ( 158 ) ( 138 )
Market making and similar activities 134 146 6,922 7,048 ( 395 ) ( 91 )
Other income (loss) 1,547 1,517 354 185 ( 2,775 ) ( 3,214 )
Total noninterest income $ 5,435 $ 5,298 $ 10,108 $ 9,891 $ ( 3,328 ) $ ( 3,443 )

Bank of America 100

Glossary
Alt-A Mortgage
–

A type of U.S. mortgage that is considered riskier than A-paper, or “prime,” and less risky than “subprime,” the riskiest category. Typically, Alt-A mortgages are characterized by borrowers with less than full documentation, lower credit scores and higher LTVs.
Assets Under Management (AUM)
– The total market value of assets under the investment advisory and/or discretion of
GWIM
which generate asset management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market values. AUM reflects assets that are generally managed for institutional, high net worth and retail clients, and are distributed through various investment products including mutual funds, other commingled vehicles and separate accounts.
Banking Book
– All on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments of the Corporation except for those positions that are held for trading purposes.
Brokerage and Other Assets

– Non-discretionary client assets which are held in brokerage accounts or held for safekeeping.
Committed Credit Exposure

– Any funded portion of a facility plus the unfunded portion of a facility on which the lender is legally bound to advance funds during a specified period under prescribed conditions.
Credit Derivatives
– Contractual agreements that provide protection against a specified credit event on one or more referenced obligations.
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)
– A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the counterparty credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments.
Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA)

– A portfolio adjustment required to properly reflect the Corporation’s own credit risk exposure as part of the fair value of derivative instruments and/or structured liabilities.
Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA)

– A portfolio adjustment required to include funding costs on uncollateralized derivatives and derivatives where the Corporation is not permitted to use the collateral it receives.
Interest Rate Lock Commitment (IRLC)

– Commitment with a loan applicant in which the loan terms are guaranteed for a designated period of time subject to credit approval.
Letter of Credit

– A document issued on behalf of a customer to a third party promising to pay the third party upon presentation of specified documents. A letter of credit effectively substitutes the issuer’s credit for that of the customer.
Loan-to-value (LTV)

– A commonly used credit quality metric. LTV is calculated as the outstanding carrying value of the loan divided by the estimated value of the property securing the loan.
Macro Products
– Include currencies, interest rates and commodities products.
Margin Receivable

–
An extension of credit secured by eligible securities in certain brokerage accounts.
Matched Book
– Repurchase and resale agreements or securities borrowed and loaned transactions where the overall asset and liability position is similar in size and/or maturity. Generally, these are entered into to accommodate customers where the Corporation earns the interest rate spread.
Mortgage Servicing Right (MSR)
– The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases

– Includes loans and leases that have been placed on nonaccrual status, including nonaccruing loans whose contractual terms have been restructured in a manner that grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties.
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA)

– A framework established by the U.S. banking regulators requiring banks to maintain certain levels of regulatory capital ratios, comprised of five categories of capitalization: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” Insured depository institutions that fail to meet certain of these capital levels are subject to increasingly strict limits on their activities, including their ability to make capital distributions, pay management compensation, grow assets and take other actions.
Subprime Loans
– Although a standard industry definition for subprime loans (including subprime mortgage loans) does not exist, the Corporation defines subprime loans as specific product offerings for higher risk borrowers.
Value-at-Risk (VaR)

– VaR is a model that simulates the value of a portfolio under a range of hypothetical scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. VaR represents the loss the portfolio is expected to experience with a given confidence level based on historical data. A VaR model is an effective tool in estimating ranges of potential gains and losses on our trading portfolios.
101 Bank of America

Key Metrics
Active Digital Banking Users
–

Mobile and/or online active users over the past 90 days.
Active Mobile Banking Users
– Mobile active users over the past 90 days.
Book Value
– Ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending common shares outstanding.
Common Equity Ratio -
Ending common shareholders’ equity divided by ending total assets.
Deposit Spread
–

Annualized net interest income divided by average deposits.
Dividend Payout Ratio
– Common dividends declared divided by net income applicable to common shareholders.
Efficiency Ratio
– Noninterest expense divided by total revenue, net of interest expense.
Gross Interest Yield
– Effective annual percentage rate divided by average loans.
Net Interest Yield

– Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
Operating Margin
– Income before income taxes divided by total revenue, net of interest expense.
Return on Average Allocated Capital
–

Adjusted net income divided by allocated capital.
Return on Average Assets
– Net income divided by total average assets.
Return on Average Common Shareholders
’
Equity

– Net income applicable to common shareholders divided by average common shareholders’ equity.
Return on Average Shareholders
’
Equity

– Net income divided by average shareholders’ equity.
Risk-adjusted Margi
n
– Difference between total revenue, net of interest expense, and net charge-offs divided by average loans.
Bank of America 102

Acronyms
ABS Asset-backed securities
AFS Available-for-sale
ALM Asset and liability management
AUM Assets under management
BANA Bank of America, National Association
BHC Bank holding company
BofAS BofA Securities, Inc.
BofASE BofA Securities Europe SA
bps Basis points
CCAR Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CDO Collateralized debt obligation
CECL Current expected credit losses
CET1 Common equity tier 1
CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CLO Collateralized loan obligation
CLTV Combined loan-to-value
CVA Credit valuation adjustment
DIF Deposit Insurance Fund
DVA Debit valuation adjustment
EPS Earnings per common share
ESG Environmental, social and governance
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHA Federal Housing Administration
FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC Freddie Mac
FICC Fixed income, currencies and commodities
FICO Fair Isaac Corporation (credit score)
FINRA Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
FNMA Fannie Mae
FTE Fully taxable-equivalent
FVA Funding valuation adjustment
GAAP Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GLS Global Liquidity Sources

GNMA Government National Mortgage Association
G-SIB Global systemically important bank
GWIM Global Wealth & Investment Management
HELOC Home equity line of credit
HQLA High Quality Liquid Assets
HTM Held-to-maturity
IRLC Interest rate lock commitment
ISDA International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.
LCR Liquidity Coverage Ratio
LHFS Loans held-for-sale
LTV Loan-to-value
MBS Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
MLI Merrill Lynch International
MLPF&S Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area
MSR Mortgage servicing right
NPR Notice of proposed rulemaking
NSFR Net Stable Funding Ratio
OCI Other comprehensive income
OREO Other real estate owned
OTC Over-the-counter
PCA Prompt Corrective Action
RWA Risk-weighted assets
SBLC Standby letter of credit
SCB Stress capital buffer
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
SLR Supplementary leverage ratio
SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate
TLAC Total loss-absorbing capacity
VA U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR Value-at-Risk
VIE Variable interest entity

103 Bank of America

Part II. Other Information
Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Litigation and Regulatory Matters in
Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies
to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1, for litigation and regulatory disclosure that supplements the disclosure in
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The table below presents share repurchase activity for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The primary source of funds for cash distributions by the Corporation to its shareholders is dividends received from its banking subsidiaries. Each of the banking subsidiaries is subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital above regulatory minimums. All of the Corporation’s preferred stock outstanding has preference over the Corporation’s common stock with respect to payment of dividends.
(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands) Total Common Shares Repurchased (1,2) Weighted-Average Per Share Price Total Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (2) Remaining Buyback Authority Amounts (2)(3)
April 1 - 30, 2025 30,935 $ 38.88 30,916 $ 13,185
May 1 - 31, 2025 54,284 43.29 54,125 10,865
June 1 - 30, 2025 38,751 45.37 38,730 9,125
Three months ended June 30, 2025 123,970 42.84 123,771

(1)
Includes 198 thousand shares of the Corporation's common stock acquired by the Corporation in connection with satisfaction of tax withholding obligations on vested restricted stock or restricted stock units and certain forfeitures and terminations of employment-related awards and for potential re-issuance to certain employees under equity incentive plans.
(2)
On July 24, 2024, the Board authorized and announced a $25 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2024 (the 2024 Repurchase Program), to replace the Corporation’s previous program, which expired on August 1, 2024. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, pursuant to the 2024 Repurchase Program, the Corporation repurchased approximately 124 million shares, or $5.3 billion, of its common stock. For more information, see Capital Management – CCAR and Capital Planning in the MD&A on page 20 and
Note 11 – Shareholders’ Equity
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3)     
On July 23, 2025, the Board authorized a $40 billion common stock repurchase program, effective August 1, 2025, to replace the 2024 Repurchase Program. The 2024 Repurchase Program will expire on August 1, 2025.
The Corporation did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
Item 5. Other Information
Trading Arrangements
During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, none of the Corporation’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act))
adopted
or
terminated
a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (in each case, as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) for the purchase or sale of the Corporation’s securities.
Disclosure Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, an issuer is required to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with individuals or entities designated pursuant to certain Executive Orders. Disclosure may be required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law. Except as set forth below, as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Corporation is not aware of any other activity, transaction or dealing by any of its affiliates during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that requires disclosure under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.
During the second quarter of 2025, Bank of America, National Association (BANA), a U.S. subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation, processed 85 authorized wire payments totaling $33,421,760 pursuant to a general license issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regarding Afghanistan or governing institutions in Afghanistan. These payments were for two BANA clients and were processed to Afghan state-owned banks, which may be subject to Executive Order 13224. There was no measurable gross revenue or net profit to the Corporation relating to these transactions, except nominal fees received by BANA for processing payments.
In addition, during the second quarter of 2025, two transactions occurred relating to the internal transfer of funds between BANA client accounts, which involved an individual whose name matched that of a person recently designated by OFAC under Executive Order 13224. All funds were subsequently blocked, and the transactions were reported to OFAC. There was no measurable gross revenue or net profit to the Corporation relating to these transactions.
The Corporation may in the future engage in authorized transactions for its clients to the extent permitted by U.S. law.
Bank of America 104

Item 6. Exhibits
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Description Notes Form Exhibit Filing Date File No.
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and in effect on the date hereof 1
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Corporation as in effect on the date hereof 10-Q 3.2 7/30/24 1-6523
10.1 Bank of America Corporation Equity Plan, as amended and restated effective April 22, 2025 2 8-K 10.1 4/24/25 1-6523
22 Subsidiary Issuers of Guaranteed Securities 10-K 22 2/22/23 1-6523
31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1
31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 1
32.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 3
32.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 3
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document 4
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 1
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 1
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 1
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 1
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document 1
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1)
Filed herewith.
(2)
Exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(3)
Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(4)
The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Bank of America Corporation Registrant
Date: July 31, 2025 /s/ Johnbull E. Okpara
Johnbull E. Okpara Chief Accounting Officer

105 Bank of America