Pipe
date: label: Accession Date
content: 1858
label: Collection Date
content: 1838 to 1842
name: label: Donor Name
content: United States Exploring Expedition
notes: label: Notes
content: FROM CARD: "NOTE: NO. 2594 ILLUSTRATED IN MCGUIRE (1897 REPORT), P579. FIG. 179 WITH CAPTION "SIOUX PIPE. UPPER MISSOURI RIVER. CAT. NO. 2594 U.S.N.M. COLLECTED BY U.S.WAR DEPARTMENT" - J.C. EWERS, 1950." FROM CARD: "**THIS PIPE WAS IDENTIFIED AS SIOUX, UPPER MISSOURI RIVER, COLLECTED BY U.S. WAR DEPT., BY J.D. MCGUIRE IN USNM AR 1897, PIPES & SMOKING EQUIPMENT, FIG. 179, P.579. J.C. EWERS IDENTIFIES IT AS PROBABLY CHIPPEWA, 1978. IN JAN. 1867 WHEN IT WAS CATALOGUED, BOTH WILKES AND WAR DEPT. MATERIAL WAS MATERIAL WAS BEING WORKED ON. THE MIX-UP PROBABLY OCCURED THEN. IT IS NOW STORED WITH THE CHIPPEWA MATERIALS. BGS-1978." McGuire on p. 580 describes this pipe bowl as: "... black serpentine ... the ridges near the end of the stem are in imitation of metal forms. ... From one end to the other it is 4 3/4 inches long and is about 1 1/8 inches wide. The bowl represents the head of a person ... the sharp chin being markedly noticeable. The ears are bored with perforations an eighth of an inch in diameter, extending into the ear drums. The wing or elevation [crest] on the stem is scarcely an eighth of an inch thick and has been perforated by a row of five holes. The opening of the stem is but one-fourth of an inch in diameter, whereas that of the bowl is five-eighths of an inch, which is quite unusual in pipes of the Siouan type. There has been broken from the back of the head a knob intended apparently to represent a knot of hair somewhat on the order of the famous Indian head found by Squire and Davis."
label: Notes
content: The original catalog ledger lists this as Indians NW Coast of American, Ex Ex Wilkes; War Dept was later penciled in, then cross out and Ex Ex written again over it, which is correct.
label: Notes
content: Note: this artifact has Peale # 267 glued on it, which would definitively indicate it is a U.S. Exploring Expedition piece, not a War Dept. piece. The Exploring Expedition had dealings with Hudson's Bay Company employees when they were in Oregon Territory in 1841, so the Hudson's Bay Company is one possible source for this pipe.
label: Notes
content: Illus. Fig. 23, p. 7 in Feest, Christian. (2019). An Early-Nineteenth-Century Eastern Ojibwa Wooden Effigy Pipe. Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30011.26409. (Note that Feest attributes the pipe to the War Department, but this is incorrect.) About this pipe Feest notes: "... the perforated and scalloped crest on the ... pipe is reminiscent of the Mississauga pipe collected in 1796 [Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH, no. 43.2872] and, even more so, of the PC [private collection] pipe and the related one at the [Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau no. III-G-884a,b] One may conclude from this that in the 1820s and 1830s curved-neck animal pipes were made by carvers from groups, such as the Eastern Ojibwa (including the Mississauga), Ottawa, and Potawatomi, who lived on both sides of the Canadian-American border or moved across it." Pipe is also illus. Fig. 23, p. 66 in Feest, Christian. "Eastern Ojibwa Wooden Pipes."Journal of the Académie Internationale De La Pipe, 2019. https://www.academia.edu/49329798/Eastern_Ojibwa_Wooden_Pipes?email_work_card=view-paper (Feest again misattributes pipe to the War Department). Feest identifies it as a curved- neck animal pipe (curved-neck animal broken off).
label: Record Last Modified
content: 24 Apr 2023
label: Specimen Count
content: 1
place: label: Place
content: United States / Canada, North America
topic: label: Topic
content: Ethnology
culture: label: Culture
content: Chippewa (Ojibwe, Anishinaabe) (?)
label: Culture
content: Sioux (Oceti Sakowin) (?)
setName: label: See more items in
content: Anthropology
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
identifier: label: Accession Number
content: 66A00050
label: USNM Number
content: E2594-0
objectType: label: Object Type
content: Pipe
physicalDescription: label: Length - Object
content: 12.2 cm
label: Height - Object
content: 6.7 cm