Conch Columnella Pendant
date: label: Accession Date
content: 30 Dec 1966
name: label: Collector
content: Richard K. Meyer
label: Donor Name
content: Richard K. Meyer
label: Site Name
content: Craig Mound
notes: label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Lateral fragments Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: Traces obliterated Surface Modification: Smoothed Residue: 4 have some degree of brown sediment within the apex. 1 has no sediment in apex, but some at distal tip. Use Trace: Each is a fragment having most of the length of the spine, and the apex present. Apex is in all cases broken away showing a X-section of the shell inside. Comments: Each given a tag having the sub no. on it. Part 1 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Apices w/ most of spine Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: Most traces obliterated by degradation of the shell Residue: Basketry impression on distal portion and along spine of one pendant. 2 others have brown grainy residue along the anal canal. One has black residue along shoulder. Use Trace: All have a hole of some kind in the apical portions. These range from .45 to 3.4cm in diam. One has 3 small holes, and another has a larger holein the apex and a smaller one below the shoulder. Comments: Each given a tag having the sub no. on it. Part 2 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Apical fragments Manufacturing Notes: Surfaces appear ground, and tool marks are visible on the shoulders of some of the better preserved ones. Surface Modification: Smoothed Residue: Most have some forms of greenish grainy to brown crusty residues bothe on inner and outer surfaces. Some spots may be fragments of mat impression. Use Trace: All missing distal segments. 2 have large holes in the apical areas. Comments: In various stages of disintegration. Part 3 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Complete apical fragments w/ spines Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: 2 have well preserved areas, and on the shoulders of these there are visible tool marks. Appear to have used a whittling motion to smooth the shoulders. Surface Modification: Smoothed Residue: Brown patchy thick dull on the apical surface of one which also has thick grainy residue inside opex. Most have some degree of grainy gray sediment on inner surfaces. Use Trace: All have distal breaks, in 2 cases the breaks are fresh, in 3 they are weathered. Comments: Ea. given a tag having the sub no. on it. Separated on basis of apex being unperforated. Part 4 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Damaged apices w/ spines Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: None really visible. Surface Modification: Smoothed Residue: Brown residue in anal canals or in random patches on surface. Use Trace: All are damaged such that the crown of the apex is missing either in whole or part. Deterioration has occurred more from the top down rather than to the side. Comments: Ea. given a tag having the sub no. on it. Part 5 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Complete except for distal tip Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: Shoulder has deteriorated such that no tool marks remain. Residue: Brown grainy on upper surface and brown shiny mat impression along edges of opening. Use Trace: Presence on mat impression on opened face suggests it was lying on this face in the mound, on a mat. Comments: Segregated because of its large size - this is the biggest in the collection. Tagged separately w/sub no. Part 6 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Apical fragments w/spine Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: Mostly too worn to tell. 2 retain traces of drilled bicon hole at the point of breakage. Residue: Thick shiny organic looking residue on apex on one and distal tip of another. Use Trace: Some have small holes from deterioration and 2 are missing the lateral faces of their apices. Comments: Segregated because they are basically smaller than the rest. Part 7 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Apical fragments w/ short spines Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: On the less deteriorated specimens faint smoothing tracks around shoulders can be seen. Residue: Patches of brown residue, some w/mat impression. Use Trace: All are broken distally, w/ distal tips in various stages of deterioration. 9 have damage to the apex, so that in most cases the inner spine is exposed. Comments: One is very small and may represent a whole shell of a smaller species of whelk. Generally, these are all small and are probably not from very large molluscs. These were clustered because they are all relatively small and flat and will fit underneath another stacked tray without damage. Part 8 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Spine fragments Alteration: Weathered Manufacturing Notes: One appears modified as it is evenly smooth and round in X-section and there are some extra incised lines which follow the natural canal for a little way down from the apex. Surface Modification: Incised on one near apical end - mirrors natural spiralling. Symbols: Spiral lines Residue: Thick brown crusty on one, others have brown sediment and residue inside apices and anal canals. Use Trace: All badly broken. One has outer shell of 1/2 apex intact, others have little or no apex present. Comments: Separated because of similarity in portion of shell present and in the fact they are all conveniently flat. Part 9 of 10
label: Notes
content: Style: Columella Raw Material 2: Busycon Element: Small distal fragment w/ hole Alteration: Weathered Comments: Did not try to refit to any of the pendants w/o tips. Part 10 of 10
label: Record Last Modified
content: 1 Oct 2015
label: Site Number
content: 34LF40
label: Specimen Count
content: 57
place: label: Place
content: Spiro, Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States, North America
topic: label: Topic
content: Archaeology
culture: label: Culture
content: Prehistoric
setName: label: See more items in
content: Anthropology
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
identifier: label: Accession Number
content: 272249
label: USNM Number
content: A448781-0
objectType: label: Object Type
content: Pendant
physicalDescription: label: Length - Object 1
content: ca. 18.5 cm
label: Minimum Length - Object 1
content: ca. 17.5 cm
label: Maximum Length - Object 1
content: ca. 22.5 cm
label: Width - Object 1
content: ca. 6.1 cm
label: Minimum Width - Object 1
content: ca. 5.1 cm
label: Maximum Width - Object 1
content: ca. 6.62 cm
label: Weight - Object 1
content: ca. 485 g
label: Length - Object 2
content: ca. 19 cm
label: Minimum Length - Object 2
content: ca. 16.8 cm
label: Maximum Length - Object 2
content: ca. 20.8 cm
label: Width - Object 2
content: ca. 6.4 cm
label: Minimum Width - Object 2
content: ca. 5.8 cm
label: Maximum Width - Object 2
content: ca. 6.65 cm
label: Weight - Object 2
content: ca. 705.2 g
label: Length - Object 3
content: ca. 12.5 cm
label: Minimum Length - Object 3
content: ca. 9.2 cm
label: Maximum Length - Object 3
content: ca. 16.5 cm
label: Width - Object 3
content: ca. 6.5 cm
label: Minimum Width - Object 3
content: ca. 6 cm
label: Maximum Width - Object 3
content: ca. 6.9 cm
label: Weight - Object 3
content: ca. 1708.5 g