Botanical Specimen: Pine Nuts
date: label: Accession Date
content: 1875
name: label: Collector
content: Livingston Stone
label: Donor Name
content: Livingston Stone
notes: label: Notes
content: FROM CARD: "FROM THE DIGGER [SIC] PINE, PINUS SABINIANA. TO AVOID THE TROUBLE OF COLLECTING THE SEED FROM THE CONES THE "DIGGER" INDIANS SOMETIMES KINDLE A FIRE AGAINST THE TREES, WHICH CAUSES THE NUTS TO FALL, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME A SWEET GUM EXUDES FROM THE BARK WHICH SERVES FOR SUGAR."
label: Notes
content: Pinus sabiniana, has been called gray, foothill, grayleaf, ghost, bull, Sabine, or towani pine. "It has [also] widely been named digger pine due to its wide use by Native American tribes collectively and colloquially referred to as "diggers." However, that term has fallen into disgrace. As explained by Hunter (1991): "many Native Americans find the term digger offensive. A spokesman, who requests anonymity, for the California State Native American Heritage Commission says, "The word 'digger' is very derogatory and insulting to California Indian people." A historical interpreter, who also requests anonymity, for the California State Indian Museum in Sacramento agrees: "To call a California Indian a 'digger' means you are either ignorant or you are purposely trying to insult him. It is a very derisive word."" Source: The Gymnosperm Database entry on Pinus sabiniana, https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_sabiniana.php , retrieved 11-24-2021. See also J. Robert Haller & Nancy J. Vivrette 2012, Pinus sabiniana, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=38304, accessed on November 24, 2021. Per the Columbian Electronic Encyclopedia, 2007, "Digger Indians" is a "term indiscriminately applied to many Native Americans of the central plateau region of W North America, including tribes in Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and central California. The name is supposedly derived from the fact that they dug roots for food. It has no ethnological significance and was a term of opprobrium."
label: Record Last Modified
content: 24 Nov 2021
label: Specimen Count
content: 25
place: label: Place
content: McCloud River, California, United States, North America
topic: label: Topic
content: Ethnology
culture: label: Culture
content: Wintu, McCloud
setName: label: See more items in
content: Anthropology
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: NMNH - Anthropology Dept.
identifier: label: Accession Number
content: 004457
label: USNM Number
content: E19348-0
objectType: label: Object Type
content: Botanical