Meissen red stoneware coffeepot
date: label: date made
content: 1710-1715
name: label: maker
content: Meissen Manufactory
notes: label: Description
content: MARKS: None
label: Description
content: PURCHASED FROM: Hans E. Backer, London, 1947.
label: Description
content: This coffeepot and cover is from the Smithsonian’s Hans Syz Collection of Meissen Porcelain. Dr. Syz (1894-1991) began his collection in the early years of World War II, when he purchased eighteenth-century Meissen table wares from the Art Exchange run by the New York collector and dealer Adolf Beckhardt (1889-1962). Dr. Syz, a Swiss immigrant to the United States, collected Meissen porcelain while engaged in a professional career in psychiatry and the research of human behavior. He believed that cultural artifacts have an important role to play in enhancing our awareness and understanding of human creativity and its communication among peoples. His collection grew to represent this conviction.
label: Description
content: The invention of Meissen porcelain, declared over three hundred years ago early in 1709, was a collective achievement that represents an early modern precursor to industrial chemistry and materials science. The porcelains we see in our museum collections, made in the small town of Meissen in Germany, were the result of an intense period of empirical research. Generally associated with artistic achievement of a high order, Meissen porcelain was also a technological achievement in the development of inorganic, non-metallic materials.
label: Description
content: The coffeepot was made in red stoneware, a very hard and dense type of ceramic similar in appearance to the Chinese Yixing ceramics which inspired their imitation at Meissen. The serpent’s head, part of the spout and the finial on the cover are later pewter restorations. Red stoneware, enriched with iron oxides, preceded porcelain in the Dresden laboratory where physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651-1708) and alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682-1719) experimented with raw materials fused by solar energy amplified through a burning glass. Success in red stoneware was an important step towards development of white porcelain.
label: Description
content: The quadrangular pear-shaped pot, adapted from contemporary silverware, was probably designed by the Dresden court goldsmith Johann Jakob Irminger (1635-1724). The spout emerging from a fish’s mouth and the foliate bridge from pot to spout follow Chinese conventions in the making of tea and wine pots. The handle on the pot follows European conventions in baroque style making this piece a hybrid of far eastern and European styles. Thirty-five of these pots were recorded in the 1770 inventory of the royal collection in the Japanese Palace.
label: Description
content: Tea, coffee, chocolate, and sugar were luxury products for early eighteenth-century consumers, and the equipage for these hot beverages, made in silver and the new ceramic materials like Meissen’s red stoneware and porcelain, was accessible only to the elite of European society. The coffee houses provided more egalitarian sites where men engaged in commerce and professional life drank these beverages poured from tin or copper vessels into less expensive earthenware pottery, or in the better establishments from porcelain imported from the Far East. London had the liveliest and most diverse coffee house culture in Europe, but the German city of Leipzig, where Meissen products were first sold, was a major center for trade and commerce with several coffee houses of cultural and commercial importance to the city.
label: Description
content: On Yixing stonewares see Lo, K.S., 1986, The Stonewares of Yixing from the Ming Period to the Present Day.
label: Description
content: On coffee see The World of Caffeine:The Science and Culture of the World’s Most Popular Drug, and on coffee houses see Ellis, M., 2011, The Coffee House: A Cultural History.
label: Description
content: Hans Syz, J. Jefferson Miller II, Rainer Rückert, 1979, Catalogue of the Hans Syz Collection: Meissen Porcelain and Hausmalerei, pp. 16-17.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: Germany: Saxony, Meissen
setName: label: See more items in
content: Home and Community Life: Ceramics and Glass
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content: The Hans C. Syz Collection
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content: Art
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content: Domestic Furnishings
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Hans C. Syz Collection
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: CE.75.182ab
label: catalog number
content: 75.182ab
label: collector/donor number
content: 738
label: accession number
content: 319073
objectType: label: Object Name
content: coffeepot
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: monochrome, rust (overall surface decoration color name)
label: Physical Description
content: ceramic, stoneware, refined (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: metal (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 7 7/8 in; 20.0025 cm