Grueby Tile
name: label: maker
content: Grueby Faience Company
notes: label: Description
content: About the Arts and Crafts Movement:
label: Description
content: Beginning in England in the early 1880s, the Arts and Crafts movement spread across the United States and Europe by the late 1880s. It celebrated the importance of beauty in everyday objects and urged a reconnection to nearby nature. The movement resisted the way industrial mass production undermined artisan crafts and was inspired by the ideas of artisan William Morris and writer John Ruskin. Valuing hand-made objects using traditional materials, it was known for a color palette of earth tones. Its artistic principles replaced realistic, colorful, and three-dimensional designs with more abstract and simplified forms using subdued tones. Stylized plant forms and matte glazes echoed a shift to quiet restraint in household décor. The Arts and Crafts movement also embraced social ideals, including respect for skilled hand labor and concern for the quality of producers’ lives. The movement struggled with the tension between the cost of beautiful crafts and the limited number of households able to afford them. Some potters relied on practical products such as drain tiles to boost income or supported themselves with teaching or publications. Arts and Crafts influence extended to other endeavors, including furniture, such as Stickley’s Mission Style, and architecture, such as the Arts and Crafts bungalow, built widely across the United States. American Arts and Crafts pottery flourished between 1880 and the first World War, though several potteries continued in successful operation into the later 20^th^ century.
label: Description
content: About Grueby Pottery: William Grueby (1867-1925), a member of the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts, began producing bricks, tiles, and architectural terra cotta in 1890 and founded his Grueby Faience Company in 1894 in Revere, Massachusetts. The firm expanded into art pottery in 1897 and was quickly successful, winning exhibition medals at World’s Fairs in Paris and St. Petersburg and the Grand Prize in St. Louis in 1904. A subdued, matte green glaze became the hallmark of the company’s art pottery line and an iconic example of Arts and Crafts design. Grueby work was also distinguished by its forms—inspired by the French Art Nouveau potter, Auguste Delaherche, and the company marketed over a hundred items, from “small cabinet bits to great jars over three feet high” (Kovel and Kovel 1993:60). Hand thrown on the wheel, Grueby pottery was noted for an extensive range of novel matte glazes developed by William Grueby himself. Decoration was applied under the supervision of the designers by young women trained in local Boston art schools. Commonly, plant motifs were applied in a clay relief, in highly stylized designs. Paris dealer Samuel Bing promoted Grueby’s pottery as part of European Art Nouveau, and Grueby pottery was used for Tiffany lamp bases in the United States. Grueby Pottery also gained popularity through being displayed and sold with Gustav Stickley’s Arts and Crafts furniture. Grueby art pottery ended in 1911, though architectural tile production continued in a related firm for several more years. Grueby’s work was very influential but was ultimately unable to compete with firms that mass-produced similar styles at lower cost.
label: Description
content: (Kovel, Ralph and Terry Kovel, 1993. Kovels’ American Art Pottery: The Collector’s Guide to Makers, Marks and Factory Histories. New York: Crown Publishers.)
label: Description
content: About the Object:
label: Description
content: Large tile, red-brown, made in three sections with high relief of mother polar bear and two cubs. Signed on front: F.G.R. Roth. Impressed on back "F.G.R. ROTH"
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
topic: label: Subject
content: Art Pottery
setName: label: See more items in
content: Home and Community Life: Ceramics and Glass
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of Mrs. F.G.R. Roth
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: CE.393835
label: catalog number
content: 393835
label: accession number
content: 209396
objectType: label: Object Name
content: panel, tile
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: polychrome (overall surface decoration color name)
label: Physical Description
content: ceramic, earthenware (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 1 3/4 in x 39 1/4 in x 13 in; 4.445 cm x 99.695 cm x 33.02 cm