Verea Calculating Machine Model
date: label: date made
content: 1878
label: date patented
content: 1878
name: label: patentee
content: Verea, Ramon
label: maker
content: Verea, Ramon
notes: label: Description
content: In 1878 Ramon Verea, a Spanish-born newspaper publisher in New York City, sent the U.S. Patent Office this model of a calculating machine he had invented. It was one of the first calculating machines that could multiply a number by a digit directly, rather than be repeated addition. The machine did not become a commercial product.
label: Description
content: The lever-set machine has flat brass sides and is open at the front, bottom and back to reveal the mechanism. At the front are two ten-sided brass prisms that are mounted vertically. Each of the sides of the each prism has two columns of holes, with ten holes in a column. The holes come in ten sizes, with the largest and deepest representing 0, and the smallest and shallowest, 9. The holes represent multiples of a given digit.
label: Description
content: Above the prisms are two knobs that move in slots in the flat top of the machine. Pulling forward a knob rotates the cylinder below, so that the side facing the back of the machine has holes representing multiples of the digit desired. Behind this mechanism is a row of tapered pins. Pulling a lever at the back of the machine raises or lowers these pins in order to set the multiplier. Turning a crank on the right side moves the pins up to the faces of the prisms and, where there are holes in the prism, allows the pins to enter to a certain depth.
label: Description
content: Once the surface of a prism touched a pin, it pushed the pin, and a rack behind the pin, backward. Pins entering shallow holes reach the prism quickly and have a correspondingly greater effect on the rack. Pinions linked to the racks rotate correspondingly, rotating the result wheels at the back of the machine, with carrying occurring as required. Further turning of the crank restores the prisms, racks, and pins to their original position.
label: Description
content: A mark on the top front of the machine reads: R. VEREA (/) NEW YORK. Verea had close ties to Cuba.
label: Description
content: The model was displayed at the Museums of the Peaceful Arts in New York City. When that museum closed, it was given to the Smithsonian Institution by L. Leland Locke.
label: Description
content: References:
label: Description
content: R. Verea, “Improvement in Calculating Machines,” U.S. Patent 207918, September 10, 1878.
label: Description
content: L. Leland Locke, “The First Direct-Multiplication Machine,” <I>Typewriter Topics</I>, November, 1926, pp. 16 and 18.
label: Description
content: P. Kidwell, “Ideology and Invention: The Calculating Machine of Ramon Verea,” <I>Rittenhouse</I>, vol. 9, 1995, pp. 33–41.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: New York, New York City
label: place patented
content: United States: New York, New York City
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
label: Subject
content: Latino
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
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content: Calculating Machines
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content: Science & Mathematics
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content: Mathematical Association of America Objects
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of L. Leland Locke
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: MA.311942
label: catalog number
content: 311942
label: accession number
content: 155183
objectType: label: Object Name
content: calculating machine
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: ferrous metal (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: brass (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 13.3 cm x 17.5 cm x 20.2 cm; 5 1/4 in x 6 7/8 in x 7 15/16 in