Teachers Manual for Standard Practice Tests in Arithmetic
date: label: date made
content: 1924
name: label: maker
content: Detroit Public Schools
notes: label: Description
content: Just before World War I, Stuart A. Courtis, a teacher at a private school for girls in Detroit, Michigan, developed the first widely available standardized tests of arithmetic. His goal was to measure the efficiency of entire schools, not the intellectual ability of a few students.
label: Description
content: Courtis went on to become supervisor of educational research in the Detroit public schools. There he developed a set of lesson cards in arithmetic for students in the third through eighth grades. The tests were originally published under his name by World Book Company.
label: Description
content: This is a teacher’s manual for a later edition of the drill cards. Courtis’s name does not appear. Courtis withdrew his arithmetic tests from the market in 1938 because he had come to doubt their validity.
label: Description
content: The manual was the property of Brooklyn school teacher L. Leland Locke.
label: Description
content: Reference:
label: Description
content: Kidwell, P.A., A. Ackerberg-Hastings and D. L. Roberts, <I>Tools of American Mathematics Teaching</I>, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, pp. 43–46.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: Michigan, Detroit
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
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content: Science & Mathematics
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content: Arithmetic Teaching
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of Grove City College
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 2011.3051.01
label: nonaccession number
content: 2011.3051
label: catalog number
content: 2011.3051.01
objectType: label: Object Name
content: pamphlet
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: paper (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: .4 cm x 15.4 cm x 23 cm; 5/32 in x 6 1/16 in x 9 1/16 in