Market Plaza Mexico
date: label: Date made
content: ca 1925
label: Associated Date
content: 20th century
name: label: graphic artist
content: Hart, George O.
notes: label: Description
content: This aquatint, titled <i>Market Plaza</i> by Geoge O. "Pop" Hart, was printed about 1925, a period of peak migration for workers streaming to the United States seeking opportunity in the United States and escape from the chaos of the Mexican Revolution (1910 1921). Many of the married men settled in the United States and brought their wives and families—from 1900 to 1932, the Mexican-born population of the United States grew from 103,000 to over 1,400,000. Other Mexican workers returned to their homes in Jalisco, Guanajuato, or Michoacán, and came north periodically in search of seasonal or temporary work. Replacing recently banned workers from Asia, these men provided cheap labor for the newly irrigated cotton fields of Texas and Arizona, the copper mines of Utah, the fruit processing plants of California, and the railroads that connected all points in between. An abundance of factory jobs also increasingly attracted Mexican migrants to cities like Chicago and Milwaukee. But many of these hard-earned economic opportunities in the United States came to an end during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Mexican workers in areas like California had to compete with economic refugees from across the country. Many were targets of discrimination and anti-immigrant violence. Thousands of American citizens were among the 500,000 men, women, and children forcibly and suddenly moved to Mexico on buses and trains from Texas and California during the Great Depression. This print is one of a series of images created by American artists traveling in Mexico.
label: Description (Spanish)
content: Esta aguatinta, titulada <i>Plaza del Mercado</i> de Geoge O. "Pop" Hart, fue grabada alrededor de 1925, un período migratorio pico de trabajadores mexicanos a los Estados Unidos en busca de oportunidades y escapando del caos de la Revolución Mexicana (1910-1921). Muchos hombres casados se establecieron en Estados Unidos y luego llevaron sus esposas y sus familias—desde 1900 hasta 1932 la población de los Estados Unidos nacida en México aumentó de 103.000 a más de 1.400.000. Otros trabajadores mexicanos regresaban a sus hogares en Jalisco, Guanajuato o Michoacán y volvían al norte periódicamente en busca de trabajos de temporada. Estos hombres, quienes reemplazaron a los trabajadores provenientes de Asia, recientemente proscriptos, proveían mano de obra barata a los campos de algodón de Texas y Arizona, que gozaban de sistemas nuevos de irrigación, así como a las minas de cobre de Utah, las plantas procesadoras de frutas de California y los ferrocarriles que conectaban todos los puntos entre sí. También la abundancia de trabajos fabriles, convirtió en más atractivas para los mexicanos inmigrantes ciudades como Chicago y Milwaukee. Sin embargo, muchas de estas oportunidades económicas en los Estados Unidos, ganadas con el sudor de la frente, llegaron a su fin durante la Gran Depresión de los años '30. Los trabajadores mexicanos en áreas como California debían competir con refugiados económicos de todo el país. Muchos fueron objeto de discriminación y violencia contra los inmigrantes. Miles de ciudadanos americanos se contaron entre los más de 500.000 hombres, mujeres y niños que durante la Gran Depresión se vieron repentinamente forzados a mudarse a México en ómnibus y trenes desde Texas y California. Este grabado pertenece a la serie de imágenes creadas por artistas americanos que viajaban a México.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: Mexico
label: Associated Place
content: Mexico
title: label: Title (Spanish)
content: Plaza del Mercado
topic: label: Subject
content: Latino
label: Subject
content: Immigration
setName: label: See more items in
content: Work and Industry: Graphic Arts
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content: Cultures & Communities
label: See more items in
content: Mexican America
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content: Art
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: George O. Hart
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: GA.14183
label: catalog number
content: 14183
label: accession number
content: 92987
objectType: label: Object Name
content: print
label: Object Type
content: Aquatint
label: Other Terms
content: print; Intaglio; Aquatint
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: paper (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: ink (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 40.1 cm x 28.6 cm; 15 13/16 in x 11 1/4 in