Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac
date: label: Date made
content: 1889
name: label: maker
content: Kurz & Allison-Art Studio
notes: label: Description
content: Capitalizing on the success of Civil War-related artwork during the 1880s and 90s, the Chicago-based printmakers Louis Kurz and Alexander Allison published a series of 36 battle scenes commemorating famous engagements of the war. All displayed idealized, panoramic representations of the battles with statistics of the killed and wounded below each image. Kurz and Allison did not consult photography or Civil War historians when designing their prints, instead relying on Kurz’s own first-hand experience as a soldier during the conflict. They included historical inaccuracies and eschewed aesthetic realism to remain true to earlier, pre-photographic lithographic traditions, which preferred bold graphics, black outlines, and figures performing grand, exaggerated gestures.
label: Description
content: On March 8, 1862, the Confederate ironclad ship, the CSS Virginia, built from the hull of the USS Merrimac, sailed out of Norfolk to attack Union ships in an attempt to break the Federal blockade, which prevented Norfolk and Richmond from engaging in international trade. It succeeded in destroying two ships, the USS Cumberland and USS Congress. As it approached the USS Minnesota on the morning, the Virginia was engaged by the Union’s own ironclad vessel, the USS Monitor. After exchanging fire for several hours, the retreated to Norfolk, leaving the first battle between ironclad ships a draw.
label: Description
content: This 1889 chromolithograph depicts the two ironclads and other traditional wooden warships exchanging fire in Hampton Roads harbor. Union artillery batteries provide supporting fire from the shore. Men abandon the burning USS Congress, which had been destroyed by the Merrimac. Those sailors who have reached the shore are carried away on stretchers. A group of mounted officers in the lower left corner look out upon the battle.
label: Description
content: Louis Kurz was a mural and scene painter before the Civil War, explaining the mural-like format of the images. His illustrations also appear to have been inspired by cycloramas, which were popular at the time, such as Paul Philippoteaux’s Gettysburg Cyclorama. Kurz was an Austrian immigrant who settled in Chicago during the 1850s, where he formed a partnership with Henry Seifert of Milwaukee. He later fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. After the conflict, he co-founded the Chicago Lithographic Company. When the company’s assets were destroyed during the Chicago Fire of 1871, Kurz started a new business with his partner, financial backer, and business manager, Alexander Allison.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: Illinois, Chicago
topic: label: depicted
content: Horses
label: Subject
content: Chronology: 1880-1889
label: Subject
content: Civil War
label: Subject
content: Patriotism and Patriotic Symbols
label: depicted
content: Uniforms, Military
label: depicted
content: Battle Scenes
label: related event
content: Civil War
label: related event
content: Battle between the Monitor and Merrimac
setName: label: See more items in
content: Home and Community Life: Domestic Life
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content: American Civil War Prints
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content: Art
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content: Domestic Furnishings
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Harry T. Peters "America on Stone" Lithography Collection
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: DL.60.2633
label: catalog number
content: 60.2633
label: accession number
content: 228146
objectType: label: Object Name
content: Chromolithograph
label: Object Type
content: Chromolithograph
physicalDescription: label: Measurements
content: image: 17 1/2 in x 25 in; 44.45 cm x 63.5 cm