Non-Slip Fourex (Empty Packets)
date: label: date made
content: ca 1930s-1950s
name: label: collection
content: Reid Drugstore
label: maker
content: Julius Schmid, Inc.
notes: label: Description
content: These Fourex brand pre-moistened prophylactic skins were manufactured by Julius Schmid, Inc. of New York, New York during the first half of the 20th century. The white and blue box bore production number 443 and contained three “non-slip” prophylactic condoms. These condoms were called “skins” since they were manufactured from the membranes of lambs. Simple instructions on how to use the condom were provided on a small blue envelope which held each condom.
label: Description
content: In 1872, the Comstock Act had prohibited interstate commerce in obscene literature and immoral material. Condoms and other forms of birth control fell under the category of “immoral material.” As forbidden material, condoms were rarely advertised openly. However, during the early twentieth century, rising concerns about gonorrhea and syphilis led a growing number of public health advocates to call for condoms to be sold to prevent disease. In 1918, a court case in New York, (The People of the State of New York v Margaret H. Sanger) clarified that existing penal codes allowed physicians to prescribe condoms to prevent disease. Named after Judge Frederick Crane who wrote the opinion in the case, the Crane decision opened the door for condom manufacturers to openly advertise and sell condoms, provided they were sold as a disease preventative.
label: Description
content: Throughout most of the twentieth century, Julius Schmid, Inc. dominated the condom market. An immigrant from Germany, Schmid was one of the first American manufacturers to use a “cold-cure cement” technique to make condoms. Workers at his factory dipped a glass mold into liquified rubber to create a sheath. The sheath was then vulcanized or hardened at a high temperature, enabling it to retain its shape.
label: Description
content: Schmid’s condoms were not only standardized, they were also tested to ensure that they had no tears or holes. While cheap untested condoms were often sold on the street, Schmid made a point to sell his more expensive condoms in drug stores, a tactic which underscored his claim that his condoms were sold “only for protection against disease.” Aggressive marketing, combined with Schmid’s ability to move quickly when laws regulating condom manufacturing and distribution changed, were central to the company’s success.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: New York, New York City
topic: label: associated subject; web subject
content: Birth Control/Contraception
label: associated subject; web subject
content: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Medicine
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of Blanche E. Reid
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 1984.0351.261
label: accession number
content: 1984.0351
label: catalog number
content: 1984.0351.261
objectType: label: Object Name
content: Condom
label: Object Name
content: contraceptive, condom
label: Other Terms
content: Condom; ?; Contraceptives; Drugs
physicalDescription: label: Measurements
content: overall: 1 1/2 in x 2 1/2 in x 1/8 in; 3.81 cm x 6.35 cm x .3175 cm