Model of Babbage's Difference Engine No. 1 - Replica
date: label: date made
content: ca 1963
label: date received
content: 1963
name: label: maker
content: Daniel I. Hadley & Associates
notes: label: Description
content: This is a replica of the portion of a difference engine built by Charles Babbage in 1832. Babbage, an English mathematician, hoped to compute and to print astronomical tables by machine. He proposed to estimate the value of functions using polynomials, and to use the method of finite distances to compute results.
label: Description
content: Babbage never completed either a difference engine or a more complex, programmable instrument he dubbed an analytical engine.
label: Description
content: The machine has three columns of discs. The leftmost column has six discs, each with the numbers from 0 to 9. The middle column has seven discs. The six lower ones each have the digits from 0 to 9. The uppermost disc is marked as indicated. The rightmost column has five discs numbered from 0 to 9. Above these are four discs, similarly numbered, that are immediately adjacent to one another. On the top of the machine are a gear train and a handle. The machine has a metal framework and a wooden base. The replica has containers for springs, but no springs.
label: Description
content: The overall dimensions include the handle. Without it, the dimensions are: 59 cm. w. x 43.5 cm. d. x 72 cm. h.
label: Description
content: The replica was built for display in the first exhibition devoted to mathematics and computing at the Museum of History and Technology (now the National Museum of American History). A similar replica is in the collections of IBM Corporation.
label: Description
content: The original on which this replica is based is at the Science Museum in London. That museum also displays a more recent attempt to build a working version of Babbage’s difference engine.
label: Description
content: References:
label: Description
content: Merzbach, Uta C., <I>Georg Scheutz and the First Printing Calculator</I>, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
label: Description
content: D. Pantalony, “Collectors Displays and Replicas in Context What We Can Learn from Provenance Research in Science Museums,” in <I>The Romance of Science: Essays in Honour of Trevor H. Levere</I>, eds. Jed Buchwald and Larry Stewart, Cham: Springer, 2017, pp.257-275, esp. pp.268-273. This article discusses replicas of the Babbage difference engine, but not the one at the Smithsonian, which was by a different maker than other replicas provided by IBM.
label: Description
content: Swade, Doron. <I>The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer</I>, New York: Viking, 2000.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
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content: Calculating Machines
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content: Computers & Business Machines
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of International Business Machines Corporation
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: MA.323584
label: accession number
content: 252309
label: catalog number
content: 323584
objectType: label: Object Name
content: difference engine
label: Object Name
content: engine, difference, replica sect.
label: Other Terms
content: difference engine; Replica
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: metal (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: wood (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 72 cm x 74 cm x 49 cm; 28 11/32 in x 29 1/8 in x 19 9/32 in