Longshoreman’s Hardhat, about 1971
date: label: date made
content: ca 1971
label: used date
content: ca 1971-1992
notes: label: Description
content: This faded yellow hardhat is made of plastic and includes a canvas chinstrap. A sticker depicting the logo of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) is affixed to the front and two additional stickers—black horizontal bars—are affixed to each side of the hat. The name “MILLS” is lettered by hand on the chinstrap.
label: Description
content: Local 10 longshoreman Herb Mills wore this hardhat while loading and unloading ships at the Port of San Francisco, home of the ILWU. He credits the hardhat with saving him from serious injury in a 1979 accident when he was discharging mobile cranes from the hold of a ship. He wore the hat while working on the waterfront until about 1992.
label: Description
content: Longshoremen are the laborers who load and unload cargo ships. Since 1937, longshore work on the West Coast of the United States has been performed by members of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU).
label: Description
content: Longshoring is dangerous work and was one of the occupations covered in the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1971. The Act's Longshoring Standard required employers to provide employees with protective hardhats to wear when working aboard vessels. The employers' group on the West Coast, the Pacific Maritime Association (PMA), implemented the program and began supplying longshoremen with yellow hardhats in 1972. The new policy was not readily embraced by all longshoremen, as noted in the PMA's 1973 Annual Report: "Although the West Coast has adopted a mandatory hard hat position, its enforcement is difficult. There is opposition to the requirement of wearing a hard hat in all environments of longshore operation." By 1977 the PMA was offering special awards to longshoremen who avoided head injuries by wearing their hardhats. The hardhat is now part of the longshoremen's occupational attire and is worn when working aboard vessels and in marine terminal jobs.
place: label: Associated Place
content: United States: California, San Francisco
setName: label: See more items in
content: Work and Industry: Maritime
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content: Work
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content: America on the Move
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content: Transportation
label: Exhibition
content: America On The Move
label: Exhibition Location
content: National Museum of American History
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of Herb Mills
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 2001.0214.03
label: accession number
content: 2001.0214
label: catalog number
content: 2001.0214.03
objectType: label: Object Name
content: Hard Hat
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: plastic (overall` material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 13 cm x 21 cm x 25 cm; 5 1/8 in x 8 1/4 in x 9 13/16 in