Fog Signal Patent Model
date: label: Date made
content: 1879
label: patent date
content: 1879-06-24
name: label: patentee
content: Barker, William B.
label: inventor
content: Barker, William B.
notes: label: Description
content: This patent model accompanied William B. Barker's patent for a fog signal that received patent number 216,820 on June 24, 1879. The patent contains a dial, marked off with the points of the compass, on which the operator designates his ship's heading. A pedal activated the fog horn that announced both the ships presence and heading. The horn sounded a repeating pattern of three or four blasts. The pattern "long, short, short," for example, would reveal that the vessel was headed on a bearing between north and northeast. "Short, short, short, long" meant a heading between west and southwest.
label: Description
content: Collisions in fog led to the loss of many ships and many lives before the widespread adoption of shipboard radar in the 1950s. English sea captain Charles Kennedy commented in 1889, "Each time a collision occurs, the question immediately arises, Can nothing be done to avert these terrible disasters? This has caused many a thoughtful man to make it a subject for study." Kennedy saw William Barker's fog-signal code at an exhibit in Liverpool, England, in 1879. "Being then in command of the White Star steamer 'Germanic,' I was instructed by the company to inspect [Barker's code] and make my report accordingly. I did so thoroughly, and, being convinced of its utility, I strongly favored its adoption." Although Barker's code gained the approval of the British Admiralty and Board of Trade, it was not adopted by any nation as a life-saving measure. "Several codes have since been introduced by others," Kennedy continued, "but they were too complicated, and more liable to cause mishaps than to prevent them." Barker the inventor may be the same William Barker of Hoboken who appears in the 1880 United States Census. A machinist, he was born in Massachusetts in 1841 to English parents; he and his wife Mary had two sons. Although Captain Kennedy refers to him in 1889 as "Captain Barker," the man's seafaring experience is unknown.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: associated place
content: United States: New Jersey, Hoboken
topic: label: Subject
content: Patent Models
setName: label: See more items in
content: Work and Industry: Maritime
label: See more items in
content: America on the Move
label: See more items in
content: Transportation
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 1999.0086.04
label: catalog number
content: 1999.0086.04
label: accession number
content: 1999.0086
label: patent number
content: 216,820
objectType: label: Object Name
content: patent model, signal, fog
label: Object Type
content: Patent Model
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: wood (box material)
label: Physical Description
content: leather (bellows material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 12 in x 11 in x 10 in; 30.48 cm x 27.94 cm x 25.4 cm