Time Clock
name: label: maker
content: IBM
notes: label: Description
content: This time clock sat in the Anheuser-Busch Brewery in St. Louis to record hours of work. Made by the International Time Recording Company, the clock dates from about 1916.
label: Description
content: By the early twentieth century the International Time Recording Company supplied an entire line of timekeeping devices, including master clocks, several types of time clocks, and time stamps. Founded in 1900, the firm continuously expanded its product line, underwent several reorganizations and name changes and emerged in 1924 as the International Business Machine Corporation, familiar today as IBM.
label: Description
content: One of the firm's most popular products was this kind of dial time recorder, a clock that could furnish a daily or weekly record of up to 150 employees. Based on the 1888 patent of physician Alexander Dey, the dial time recorder was essentially a spring-driven clock with a cast-iron wheel affixed to its dial side. The rim of the wheel was perforated with numbered holes. As an employee pressed a rotating pointer into the hole at his or her assigned number, the machine recorded the employee’s time on a preprinted sheet and rang a bell with each punch. A two-color ribbon printed all regular time in green and all tardiness, early departures, and overtime in red.
label: Description
content: Showing up for work punctually, at an official time, became expected behavior toward the end of the 19th century, as more and more people worked for others rather than for themselves. Not just the work force's punctuality was at issue. Cost accounting and analysis—recording and scrutinizing expenses for labor, materials and overhead—were getting more attention than ever before. Time was money.
label: Description
content: In the 1890s, timekeepers-- clerks who kept track of employees' hours in handwritten logs --found that machines were beginning to replace them, especially in workplaces with large numbers of employees. Thanks to the influence of the advocates of scientific management, nearly every industrial workplace had a time clock, after about 1910. So did many offices.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
topic: label: Subject
content: Timekeeping
setName: label: See more items in
content: Work and Industry: Mechanisms
label: See more items in
content: Measuring & Mapping
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 1986.0451.01
label: catalog number
content: 1986.0451.01
label: accession number
content: 1986.0451
objectType: label: Object Name
content: time clock
physicalDescription: label: Measurements
content: overall: 35 in x 42 in x 27 1/2 in; 88.9 cm x 106.68 cm x 69.85 cm
label: Measurements
content: overall: 35 in x 42 in x 27 1/4 in; 88.9 cm x 106.68 cm x 69.215 cm