Director/Pioneer Parade Hat
date: label: Date made
content: 1810-1860
name: label: maker
content: unknown
notes: label: Description
content: Beginning in the late 18th century, some volunteer fire fighters began to wear hats painted with their company’s name to identify themselves at chaotic fire scenes. During the 19th century, these fire hats became more ornate, as portraits of historical figures, patriotic scenes, allegorical images, or company icons were painted alongside the company’s name, motto, or founding date. Made of pressed felt, these “stove-pipe” hats were primarily used in Philadelphia, but other nearby cities such as Baltimore and Washington adopted them as well. Fire hats were personal items with the owner’s initials often painted on the top of the hat. While these hats were worn at fires, they are more colloquially known as “parade hats.” Fire companies commonly marched in the many parades of the period and these ornate hats contributed to the visual culture of their day. These distinguishing features in a company’s regalia often proclaimed the members’ cultural and political identity as well as their position on contested topics such as work, religion and immigration.
label: Description
content: This pressed board fire hat was in use during the middle of the 19th century. The shield of the hat is painted red with gold painted text that reads “1/PIONEER/2” with a white banner that reads “DIRECTOR.” The crown of the hat has a red shield painted with a stylized golden decoration, framed in golden scrolling with a blue outline. The back brim of the hat has “BIDDEFORD.” written in gold framed by gold lines. This hat deviated from the popular “stovepipe” style fire hats of the period, and takes the shape of current fire helmets. Pioneer 2 operated in Biddeford, Maine from 1848-1855.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States
topic: label: Subject
content: Fire Fighting
label: Subject
content: Fraternal Associations
setName: label: See more items in
content: Home and Community Life: Fire Fighting and Law Enforcement
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content: Cultures & Communities
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content: Clothing & Accessories
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content: Work
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content: Art
publisher: label: Related Publication
content: McCosker, M.J.. The Historical Collection of the Insurance Company of North America
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of CIGNA Museum and Art Collection
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: 2005.0233.0117
label: catalog number
content: 2005.0233.0117
label: accession number
content: 2005.0233
objectType: label: Object Name
content: hat, fire
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: painted (overall production method/technique)
label: Physical Description
content: pressed board (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: paint (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 7 3/4 in x 14 1/2 in x 12 in; 19.685 cm x 36.83 cm x 30.48 cm