Patent Model for Rule for Describing Polygonal Forms Invented by M. Jeff Thompson
date: label: date made
content: 1858
label: Associated Date
content: 1858-10-12
name: label: maker
content: Thompson, Meriwether J.
notes: label: Description
content: Meriwether Jeff Thompson (1826–1876) grew up in Harpers Ferry and attended military school in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia). After he was rejected for admission by West Point and Virginia Military Institute, he worked his way West. He settled in St. Joseph, Missouri, when he married at age twenty-two. He then found employment in civil engineering and rose to prominence with the construction of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, which was completed in 1859. In the late 1850s, he served as mayor of St. Joseph. On April 3, 1860, he gave a speech officially opening the Pony Express.
label: Description
content: Thompson's sympathies were with the South. As a brigadier general for the Missouri State Guard and, later, as a commander in the Confederate army, Thompson conducted raids and participated in battles. His exploits won him the nickname "Swamp Fox" of Missouri. He was a prisoner of war in 1863 and 1864. After the Civil War, he pledged allegiance to the Union and was hired by Albert L. Lee to work on swamp reclamation as Surveyor General and Chief State Engineer of Louisiana, where he contracted tuberculosis. He is buried in St. Joseph.
label: Description
content: Thompson also engaged in a variety of creative activities, including writing poetry, crafting a cipher, and inventing this instrument. This example of his invention is the patent model he submitted with his application, which was awarded Patent No. 21,784 on October 12, 1858. The device consists of a metal quadrant of a circle on a movable arm. The edge of the quadrant bears equidistant, unlabeled divisions which are approximately 1/4" apart. These marks permit the instrument to be classified as a protractor. On the interior of the quadrant are engraved lines intended to permit the user to lay out regular polygons without first inscribing the polygons in a circle. The instrument bears settings for polygons of 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 sides. The movable arm is engraved: Mitre Guage [<i>sic</i>].
label: Description
content: The movable arm fits between a handle made from two pieces of wood and two pieces of metal that are fastened together. One side of the handle is engraved with a table for the sides of regular polygons per foot of the interior diameter of a circle. An equilateral triangle circumscribed around a circle is depicted. The object is signed: M. Jeff. Thompson (/) St. Joseph Mo. The other side of the handle is engraved with a table for the sides of regular polygons per foot of the exterior diameter of a circle. An equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle is depicted. The markings have oxidized and turned green, particularly on the table values. The patent model tag has been lost.
label: Description
content: References: Barbara Suit Janssen, <I>Patent Models Index: Guide to the Collections of the National Museum of American History</I>, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2010), 23; <I>Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the Year 1858: Arts and Manufactures</I>, vol. 2 (Washington, DC: 1859), 104; M. Jeff Thompson Papers, 1848–1959, Louisiana Research Collection Manuscripts Collection 72, Tulane University Special Collections, New Orleans, http://specialcollections.tulane.edu/archon/?p=collections/findingaid&id=32&q=&rootcontentid=111913; Meriwether Jeff Thompson Papers, 1860–1940, 01566, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Special Collections Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/t/Thompson,Meriwether_Jeff.html; Missouri History Museum, "Meriwether Jeff Thompson," <I>The Civil War in Missouri</I>, http://www.civilwarmo.org/educators/resources/info-sheets/meriwether-jeff-thompson; Doris Land Mueller, <I>M. Jeff Thompson: Missouri's Swamp Fox of the Confederacy</I> (Columbia: University of Missouri, 2007); Cathy Barton, Dave Para, and Bob Dyer, "The Swamp Fox," <I>Civil War Music of the Western Border</I>, http://www.bartonpara.com/civilwar/rebel/swamp.htm.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: Missouri, Saint Joseph
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
label: Subject
content: Protractor
label: Subject
content: Patent Models
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
label: See more items in
content: Science & Mathematics
label: See more items in
content: Protractors
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: MA.315262
label: accession number
content: 219305
label: catalog number
content: 315262
objectType: label: Object Name
content: protractor
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: metal (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: wood (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 3.7 cm x 34 cm x 11 cm; 1 15/32 in x 13 3/8 in x 4 11/32 in