Peerless Calculating Machine
date: label: date made
content: ca 1910
name: label: distributor
content: Keuffel & Esser Co.
label: retailer
content: Keuffel & Esser Co.
notes: label: Description
content: This manually operated, non-printing stepped drum calculating machine has a metal mechanism and an exterior painted black. It fits closely in a wooden case, with a slate to the left of the levers. Eight levers move to set stepped drums. A row of windows below the levers shows the number entered. A lever on the left is set for addition and multiplication or subtraction and division. The operating crank is on the right.
label: Description
content: The movable carriage has a row of nine small windows at the front that reveal discs of the revolution register. A row of 16 discs behind this records the result. A zeroing lever for the revolution register is on the right side of the carriage, and one for the result register on the left. A metal handle for lifting the carriage is on the left. The zeroing handle for the stepped drums is on the left front of the machine.
label: Description
content: A wooden rectangle hinged to the back of the case opens to serve as a stand, so that the machine slopes toward the operator. A sliding panel in the bottom of the machine opens to reveal the eight stepped drums. The drums are made from a gray metal composite, die–cast on brass cylinders. The teeth are not sharply pointed.
label: Description
content: Tacked inside the lid of the case is a 1938 table of International Atomic Weights, updated and corrected for 1942. Another card has a handwritten table of difference factors for Ca-3, dated 1939.
label: Description
content: The machine is marked: Keuffel & Esser Co. (/) New York. A mark stamped over a script MB on the front right of the machine reads: PEERLESS. Stamped on the back of the carriage at the left end is the serial number 2033. Stamped on the back rim of the case, behind the carriage, are the marks B. S. 5473 and 10081.
label: Description
content: In about 1904, the German firm of Mathias Bäuerle, a manufacturer of clocks, began making a stepped drum calculating machine on the design of Tobias Bäuerle, a son of the founder of the company. It was dubbed the Peerless. Keuffel & Esser Company, an American manufacturer of drawing instruments, soon offered the Peerless in its catalogs. K&E advertised an earlier version of the Peerless, without the zeroing crank for the levers, in its 1906 catalog (p. 313). This model of the Peerless is shown in the 1909 catalog (pp. 302–303, K&E #4006N). It sold in three capacities (6x7x12, 8x9x16, and 10x11x20) for $250.00, $300.00, and $375.00. By 1913, K&E was offering a Peerless calculating machine with an iron stand rather than a wooden case.
label: Description
content: This example was purchase by and used at the U. S. National Bureau of Standards.
label: Description
content: Compare MA.325564, MA.326642, and MA.323628.
label: Description
content: References:
label: Description
content: Keuffel & Esser, <I>Catalog</I>.
label: Description
content: E. Martin, <I>The Calculating Machines (die Rechenmaschinen)</I>, trans. P. A. Kidwell and M. R. Williams, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992, pp. 149–151.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Black Forest
label: place made
content: Germany: Baden-Württemberg, Black Forest
label: place distributed
content: United States: New Jersey, Hoboken
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
label: See more items in
content: Calculating Machines
label: See more items in
content: Science & Mathematics
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Transfer from US National Bureau of Standards
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: MA.326642
label: catalog number
content: 326642
label: accession number
content: 261654
objectType: label: Object Name
content: calculating machine
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: steel (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: brass (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: wood (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: slate (overall material)
label: Measurements
content: overall: 15 cm x 59.3 cm x 25.4 cm; 5 29/32 in x 23 11/32 in x 10 in