Model of a Dual of An Archimedean Solid by Richard P. Baker, Baker #547 XI
date: label: date made
content: ca 1932
name: label: maker
content: Baker, Richard P.
notes: label: Description
content: This metal model painted white was constructed by Richard P. Baker. A mathematics professor at the University of Iowa, Baker believed that models were essential for instruction in many parts of mathematics and physics. Over one hundred of his models are in the NMAH collections.
label: Description
content: A mark in pencil on the side of the model reads: 314940 (/) 131 (/) # 547 (/) XI. The model fits in a cardboard box with a label pasted on the lid that reads: No. 547 (/) SPACE DUALS OF (/) ARCHIMEDEAN HALF REGULAR (/) BODIES No. 465, XI, p. 20. A larger label, pasted on the side of the box, reads: Mathematical Models (/) Made by (/) R. P. BAKER (/) No. 547 POLYHEDRON (/) ALL FACES CONGRUENT (/) Dual of Archimedes’ (/) Half-regular body (/) XI (3,3,3,3,4.).
label: Description
content: Mathematicians have known since ancient times that there are only five regular convex polyhedra. The faces such a solid are identical regular polygons and the vertices are all alike (each vertex has the same arrangement of polygons). The Hellenistic mathematician Archimedes showed that there are thirteen other polyhedra that have identical vertices, sides of the same length, and faces that are not all the same regular polygons. These came to be called the semi-regular Archimedean solids. There also are two infinite series of semi-regular polyhedra, the prisms (with a regular polygon on the top, the same regular polyhedron on the bottom, and squares around the sides) and the antiprisms (with a regular polygon with an even number of sides on the top, the same polygon on the bottom, and equilateral triangles around the sides). For examples of these polyhedra, made by Michael Berman, see 1978.1065.006 through 1978.1065.20.
label: Description
content: In the mid-nineteenth century, the mathematician Eugène Catalan described another set of polyhedra which have identical faces and form regular polygons at a vertex when that vertex is truncated. However, the faces are not regular polygons and the vertices are not identical. These thirteen polyhedra are called duals of Archimedean solids or Catalan solids.
label: Description
content: Baker published a catalog of his models in 1931, and included as #465, numbers I through XV, thirteen Archimedean solids plus two families of prisms and antiprisms. Examples of these do not survive at the Smithsonian. He also made models he called “space duals of Archimedean half-regular bodies,” and might now be described as Catalan solids. These had a general number 547 in Baker’s scheme, and given index numbers I through XV. This is the eleventh of them (e.g. XI). Baker’s 1931 catalog includes models assigned numbers as high as 542, suggesting that this model and the other Archimedean duals date from slightly after the catalog.
label: Description
content: The thirty faces of the model are equal irregular pentagons; the polyhedron is sometimes called a pentagonal icositetrahedron.
label: Description
content: References:
label: Description
content: H. M. Cundy and A. P. Rollet, <I>Mathematical Models</I>, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1961.
label: Description
content: R. P. Baker, <I>Mathematical Models</I>, Iowa City, Iowa, 1931, p. 20.
label: Location
content: Currently not on view
place: label: place made
content: United States: Iowa, Iowa City
topic: label: Subject
content: Mathematics
setName: label: See more items in
content: Medicine and Science: Mathematics
label: See more items in
content: Science & Mathematics
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of Frances E. Baker
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of American History
identifier: label: ID Number
content: MA.211257.121
label: accession number
content: 211257
label: catalog number
content: 211257.121
objectType: label: Object Name
content: Geometric Model
label: Object Name
content: geometric model
physicalDescription: label: Physical Description
content: metal (overall material)
label: Physical Description
content: white (overall color)
label: Physical Description
content: soldered (overall production method/technique)
label: Measurements
content: average spatial: 9.6 cm x 9.6 cm x 10.5 cm; 3 25/32 in x 3 25/32 in x 4 1/8 in