Commemorative head
date: label: Date
content: Late 17th-early 18th century
name: label: Maker
content: Akan artist
notes: label: Label Text
content: This terracotta head commemorated a member of a royal family who lived in what is now south central Ghana. Such sculptures, viewed as substitutes for the deceased, were installed at formal funerals, which took place days or months after the actual burial. Although regarded as portraits, they offer only a stylized resemblance to the departed, with some specific aspects such as hairstyle, a beard or pierced ears.
label: Label Text
content: Stylistically similar pieces have been found in an archaeological site at Hemang (Twifo-Hemang), in southern Ghana, that was occupied from before 1690 to about 1730. The broad forehead, the semicircular eyebrows, the closed eyes, naturalistic nose and small mouth are characteristic of the Twifo style. The head bears scarification marks just below the temples.
label: Label Text
content: When a royal personage died, a potter would be commissioned by the family to make a commemorative portrait along with sculptures representing family members, associates and servants. The potter would also be asked to make cooking pots and jars. This group of ceramic objects, produced for a special purpose and used only once, probably was assembled within the village where the funeral services were held. The female head or queen mother of another clan would prepare food in the pots. Then the figures, the food and the hearth would be moved to an area called the "place of pots," a spot outside the village reserved for funerary objects. The male head of the clan would taste the food and the funeral party would return to the village, leaving the food, pots and portraits behind. Research suggests that such funerary practices, in which portrait figures played an important part, existed as early as the 17th century and lasted well into the 20th.
label: Description
content: Low fire ceramic hollow head with arched eyebrows, closed coffee bean eyes, closed mouth, low crest hairstyle and raised rectangular scarification marks on temples. Head has a ringed neck, the front portion of which is missing. There is surface abrasion on the raised areas.
label: Provenance
content: Lance Entwistle, London, -- to 1984
label: Exhibition History
content: History, Context, Materials: Selections from the Permanent Collection of the National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., November 12, 1985-January 5, 1986
label: Published References
content: Robbins, Warren M. and Nancy Ingram Nooter. 1989. African Art in American Collections. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, p. 193, no. 412.
label: Content Statement
content: As part of our commitment to accessibility and transparency, the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art is placing its collection records online. Please note that some records are incomplete (missing image or content descriptions) and others reflect out-of-date language or systems of thought regarding how to engage with and discuss cultural heritage and the specifics of individual artworks. If you see content requiring immediate action, we will do our best to address it in a timely manner. Please email nmafacuratorial@si.edu if you have any questions.
label: Image Requests
content: High resolution digital images are not available for some objects. For publication quality photography and permissions, please contact the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives at https://africa.si.edu/research/eliot-elisofon-photographic-archives/
place: label: Geography
content: Twifo-Hemang region, Ghana
title: label: Object Name
content: <I>nsodie</I>
topic: label: Topic
content: Funerary
label: Topic
content: Commemorative
label: Topic
content: Ancestral
label: Topic
content: male
setName: label: See more items in
content: National Museum of African Art Collection
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Museum purchase
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of African Art
identifier: label: Object number
content: 84-6-11
objectType: label: Type
content: Sculpture
objectRights: label: Restrictions & Rights
content: CC0
physicalDescription: label: Medium
content: Ceramic
label: Dimensions
content: H x W x D: 22.4 x 12.8 x 12.4 cm (8 13/16 x 5 1/16 x 4 7/8 in.)