Violin played by the enslaved man Jesse Burke
date: label: Date
content: 1850-1860
name: label: Manufactured by
content: Unidentified
label: Owned by
content: Jesse Burke, American, 1834 - 1909
notes: label: Caption
content: This violin was originally owned by a slaveholder named Elisha Burke, who owned the Mount Pleasant Plantation in Phillips County, Arkansas. Before the slaveholder died in 1860, he gave the violin to an enslaved man on his plantation, Mr. Jesse Burke (b. 1834 – d. 1909). According to the family oral history, during slavery Jesse was charged with playing the violin for entertainment for the slaveholder and his guests.
label: Description
content: A violin (.1a) with a bow (.1b) stored in a wooden case (.2), all owned and played by Jesse Burke, who used the violin during and after enslavement.
label: Description
content: The violin (.1a) has a reddish-brown stained wooden body, neck, peg box, and scroll. The pegs, fingerboard, and tailpiece are made of wood painted black. A small piece of mother of pearl is attached at the center top of each peg. The strings are made from steel. A paper label is adhered to the interior back of the violin body, which can be seen through the sound holes. Printed on the label in black text are the words: "Antonius Stradiuarius Cremonensis / Faciebat Anno 1726".
label: Description
content: The bow (.1b) has a rod made from a dark-stained wood with a metal tension screw. The frog is made from wood painted black and inlaid with mother of pearl and a metal ferrule. The tip is edged with a panel of an ivory imitation material. The bow hair is made from horsehair, though the horsehair is broken with several strands still attached and extending from the tip in varying lengths.
label: Description
content: The wooden case (.2) is painted black and has a hinged lid that opens with two (2) metal hinges. On the opening side are two (2) metal tension clasps with one (1) locking hinge at the center. There is a metal plate with a keyhole to the right of the center hinged lock. A metal handle is attached at either side of the keyhole plate. The interior of the bottom and the lid is lined with a red wool and cotton blend flannel. There are two flannel-covered wooden pieces at the wide side of the case that correspond to the center bouts on the body of the instrument and secure it in place inside the case. A loop of the flannel is sewn near the thin side of the lid, presumably to hold the bow.
place: label: Place used
content: Lexa, Phillips County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
topic: label: Topic
content: African American
label: Topic
content: Instrumentalists (Musicians)
label: Topic
content: Men
label: Topic
content: Music
label: Topic
content: Slavery
setName: label: See more items in
content: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
label: Classification
content: Slavery and Freedom Objects
label: Classification
content: Musical Instruments
label: Exhibition
content: Slavery and Freedom
label: On View
content: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 3, C3 053
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Donated by Shirley Burke, Great-Granddaughter, on Behalf of Jesse Burke's Descendants
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Museum of African American History and Culture
identifier: label: Object number
content: 2014.232.1ab-.2
objectType: label: Type
content: bows (chordophone components)
label: Type
content: violins
objectRights: label: Restrictions & Rights
content: No Known Copyright Restrictions
label: Restrictions & Rights
content: Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
physicalDescription: label: Medium
content: Violin: wood, steel, and mother of pearl;
label: Medium
content: Bow: wood, horsehair, metal, and mother of pearl;
label: Medium
content: Case: wood, metal, and wool cotton blend flannel
label: Dimensions
content: H x W x D (Violin): 3 × 24 × 8 1/4 in. (7.6 × 61 × 21 cm)
label: Dimensions
content: H x W x D (Bow): 1 1/16 × 29 1/4 × 9/16 in. (2.7 × 74.3 × 1.4 cm)
label: Dimensions
content: H x W x D (Case (closed)): 4 1/4 × 30 3/4 × 9 1/2 in. (10.8 × 78.1 × 24.1 cm)