Slide Rule, William J. Powell
name: label: Manufacturer
content: Keuffel & Esser Company
label: Pilot
content: William J. Powell
notes: label: Summary
content: During the 1920s William J. Powell led a small group of black air enthusiasts in Los Angeles. He established the Bessie Coleman Flying Club in 1929 and sponsored the first all-black air show on Labor Day 1931. As part of his effort to make aviation accessible to African American students, he taught classes on aeronautics at the Bessie Coleman Flying Club. This slide rule was among the equipment he used while teaching.
label: Long Description
content: Born in 1897, William J. Powell earned an engineering degree from the University of Illinois. In 1917 he enlisted in officer training school and served in a segregated unit during World War I. During the war Powell was gassed by the enemy, and he suffered health problems throughout his life from this poison gas attack.
label: Long Description
content: After the war Powell opened service stations in Chicago. He became interested in aviation, but the only school that would train him was located in Los Angeles. Thus, he sold his businesses in Chicago and moved to the West Coast. After learning to fly, Powell dreamed of opening an all-black flight school.
label: Long Description
content: By the 1930s Los Angeles had become an important center for black aviation. Powell organized the Bessie Coleman Aero Club to promote aviation awareness in the black community. On Labor Day 1931, the flying club sponsored the first all-black air show held in the United States, an event that attracted an estimated 15,000 spectators. Through the efforts of the Bessie Coleman School, the number of black aviators increased dramatically despite the economic hardships of the Great Depression.
label: Long Description
content: William J. Powell used many methods to attract African Americans to the field of aviation. He made a film about a young man who wanted to be a flyer, and for two years he published the Craftsmen Aero-News, a monthly journal about black aviation. He offered scholarships with free technical training in aeronautics for black youth. He invited celebrities, such as jazz musician Duke Ellington and boxer Joe Louis, to lend their names—and their funds—to his cause.
label: Long Description
content: Powell published Black Wings in 1934. Dedicated to Bessie Coleman, the book entreated black men and women “to fill the air with black wings.” A visionary supporter of aviation, Powell urged black youth to carve out their own destiny—to become pilots, aircraft designers, and business leaders in the field of aviation.
setName: label: See more items in
content: National Air and Space Museum Collection
label: Location
content: National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC
label: Exhibition
content: Barron Hilton Pioneers of Flight
creditLine: label: Credit Line
content: Gift of William J. Powell, III.
dataSource: label: Data Source
content: National Air and Space Museum
identifier: label: Inventory Number
content: A20100221000
objectType: label: Type
content: EQUIPMENT-Scientific Devices
objectRights: label: Restrictions & Rights
content: CC0
physicalDescription: label: Materials
content: Plastics, wood, ink, copper alloy, metal alloy
label: Dimensions
content: 3-D: 32 × 5 × 1.2cm, 0.1kg (12 5/8 × 1 15/16 × 1/2 in., 3/16lb.)