Beatrice Medicine papers
name: label: Creator
content: Medicine, Beatrice
place: label: Place
content: Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
topic: label: Topic
content: Alcohol
label: Topic
content: Gender imagery
label: Topic
content: Discrimination
label: Topic
content: Linguistics -- Research -- United States
label: Topic
content: Photographs
label: Topic
content: Lakota Indians
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: The papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Beatrice Medicine between 1997 and 2003, and by Ted Garner in 2006.
creator: label: Creator
content: Medicine, Beatrice
culture: label: Culture
content: Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux)
label: Culture
content: Native American
label: Culture
content: American Indian -- Education
setName: label: See more items in
content: Beatrice Medicine papers
abstract: label: Summary
content: The Beatrice Medicine papers, 1913-2003 (bulk 1945-2003), document the professional life of Dr. Beatrice "Bea" Medicine (1923-2005), a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, anthropologist, scholar, educator, and Native rights activist. The collection also contains material collected by or given to Medicine to further her research and activism interests. Medicine, whose Lakota name was Hinsha Waste Agli Win, or "Returns Victorious with a Red Horse Woman," focused her research on a variety of topics affecting the Native American community: 1) mental health, 2) women's issues, 3) bilingual education, 4) alcohol and drug use, 5) ethno-methodologies and research needs of Native Americans, and 6) Children and identity issues. The collection represents Medicine's work as an educator for universities and colleges in the United States and in Canada, for which she taught Native American Studies courses. Additionally, because of the large amount of research material and Medicine's correspondence with elected U.S. officials and Native American leaders, and records from Medicine's involvement in Native American organizations, the collection serves to represent issues affecting Native Americans during the second half of the 20th century, and reflects what Native American leaders and organizations did to navigate and mitigate those issues. Collection materials include correspondence; committee, conference, and teaching material; ephemera; manuscripts and poetry; maps; notes; periodicals; photographs; training material; and transcripts.
bioghist: label: Biographical / Historical
content: A member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, Beatrice "Bea" Medicine—also known by her Lakota name Hinsha Waste Agli Win, or "Returns Victorious with a Red Horse Woman"—was born on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in Wakpala, South Dakota on August 1, 1923. 

As a young adult, she studied at the South Dakota State University on the Laverne Noyes Scholarship, where she attained her B.A. in Anthropology in 1945. Between 1945 and 1951, Medicine worked a variety of teaching positions, including for three American Indian institutions (see Chronology for Medicine's complete work history). In 1951, Medicine went back to school and worked as a research assistant until she earned her master's degree in Sociology and Anthropology from Michigan State University in 1954. For the remainder of her life, Medicine served as faculty, visiting professor, and scholar-in-residence at thirty-one universities and colleges in the United States and Canada, teaching cultural and educational anthropology courses, as well as Native American Studies. As an educator, Medicine carried out her research on a variety of issues affecting Native American  and First Nation communities, including: 1) mental health issues, 2) women's issues—professionalization, sterilization, socialization, and aging, 3) bilingual education, 4) alcohol and drug use and abuse, 5) ethno-methodologies and research needs, and 6) socialization of children and identity needs. Medicine's research in American Indian women's and children's issues, as well as her research in gender identity among the LGBT community was among the first to document the narratives of the members of these groups. 

In 1974, Medicine testified alongside her cousin, Vine Deloria, Jr., as an expert witness in the Wounded Knee trial (United States v. Banks and Means). Following this, Medicine returned to school to pursue her Ph.D. in Cultural Anthropology, which she completed in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin. With her experience as a researcher, educator, activist, and Lakota woman, medicine sought to create more opportunities for multicultural and bilingual education for minority students, especially those of Native American descent. Such education, she believed, provided students a means to preserve and legitimize their own cultural identity, debase negative stereotyes, and be recognized as individuals who are capable of academic and economic achievement. 

Medicine was an active member of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) and pursued her educational agenda further through the establishment of the Committee of Anthropologists in Primarily Minority Institutions (CAPMI) (1987-1995), which brought anthropologists out of retirement to teach at minority institutions. (See Chronology for a complete list of organizations and committees in which Medicine was involved.) The program was short-lived but provided a space for minority students to confront a field that historically misrepresented them, reclaim their narratives and languages, and instigate positive change as potential future anthropologists. 

Medicine officially retired on August 1, 1989, but continued to be active in AAA and was honored many times for her contributions to the field of anthropology. Some of her recognitions include the Distinguished Service Award from AAA (1991) and the Bronislaw Malinowski Award from the Society for Applied Anthropology (1996). One of Medicine's highest honors, however, was serving as the Sacred Pipe Woman at the 1977 Sun Dance. Medicine continued her research into retirement, and went on to publish her first book in 2001, Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining "Native": Selected Writings. Medicine died in Bismarck, North Dakota on December 19, 2005. Medicine's final work, Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux was published posthumously in 2006. In honor of her life's work and dedication to education, the Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) created the Bea Medicine Award, a scholarship travel grant for students to attend the Annual Meeting of the SfAA.

Chronology: Beatrice Medicine

1923 August 1 -- Beatrice Medicine (also known by her Lakota name, Hinsha Waste Agli Win, or "Returns Victorious with a Red Horse Woman") is born on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in Wakpala, South Dakota.

1941-1945 -- Receives scholarship: Laverne Noyes Scholarship, South Dakota State University

1945 -- Receives Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology, South Dakota State University.

1945-1946 -- Teacher, Home Economics, Haskell Indian Institute (B.I.A.)

1947-1948 -- Health Education Lecturer, Michigan Tuberculosis Association

1948-1949 -- Teacher, Santo Domingo Pueblo, United Pueblos Agency, Albuquerque, New Mexico

1949-1950 -- Teacher, Navajo Adult Beginner's Program, Albuquerque Indian School

1950-1951 -- Teacher, Home Economics, Flandreau Indian School

1950-1954 -- Fellowship: Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs Fellowships

1951-1954 -- Research Assistant, Sociology and Anthropology, Michigan State University

1953-1954 -- Fellowship: John Hay Whitney Foundation Fellowship

1954 -- Receives Master of Arts, Sociology and Anthropology, Michigan State University. Fellowship: American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship

1954- -- Charter Member, American Indian Women's Service League

1955-1958 -- Teaching and Research Assistant, University of Washington

1956 -- Honor: Outstanding Alumna, South Dakota State University

1960 -- Mentioned as "Who's Who Among American Indians"

circa 1960 -- Alpha Kappa Delta, Sociology Hononary Phi Upsilon Omicron, Home Economic Honorary

1960-1963 -- Lecturer, Anthropology, University of British Columbia

1960-1964 -- Board of Directors, Native Urban Indian Centers in Vancouver, British Columbia and Calgary, Alberta

1963-1964 -- Lecturer/Sociology and Teacher/Counselor, Mount Royal College, Indian Affairs Branch Receives grant: American Council of Learned Societies Research Grant

1965 -- Lecturer, Social Science, Michigan State University 

1966 -- Psychiatric Social Worker, Provincial Guidance Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

1966-1967 -- Receives grant: Career Development Grant, National Institute of Mental Health

1966- -- Member, National Congress of American Indians (Education Issues)

1967 -- Receives grant: Ethnological Research Grant, National Museum of Canada

1967-1968 -- Lecturer, Sociology and Anthropology, University of Montana

1968 -- Teacher, "Cultural Enrichment Program," Standing Rock Indian Reservation, South Dakota Cited in "The Role of Racial Minorities in the United States," Seattle, Washington

1968 March -- Speaker: "The Pow-Wow as a Social Factor in the Northern Plains Ceremonialism," Montana Academy of Sciences

1968 May -- Speaker: "Patterns and Periphery of Plains Indian Pow-Wows," Central States Anthropological Society

1968 June -- Speaker: "Magic Among the Stoney Indians," Canadian Sociology and Anthropological Association, Calgary, Alberta

1968 August -- Speaker: "Magic Among the Stoney Indians," International Congress of Americanists, Stuttgart, German Speaker: "The Dynamics of a Dakota Indian Giveaway," International Congress of Americanists, Stuttgart, German

1968-1969 -- Director, American Indian Research, Oral History Project and Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of South Dakota

1968-1970 -- Consultant, Text Book Evaluation Committee, American Indians United 

1969 -- Assistant Professor, Teacher Corps, University of Nebraska

1969 September -- Speaker: "The Red Man Yesterday," Governor's Interstate Indian Council, Wichita, Kansas

1969 December -- Speaker: "The Native American in Modern Society," Northwestern State College

1969-1970 -- Assistant Professor, San Francisco State University Speaker: "The Indian in Institutions of Higher Learning," Annual Conference, National Indian Education Association

1969-1975 -- Member, Editorial Board, American Indian Historical Society

1970 -- Mentioned for second time as "Who's Who Among American Indians" Steering Committee Member, Indian Ecumenical Convocation of North America Member, Planning Committee Indian Alcoholism and Drug Use

1970 August -- Speaker: "The Role of the White Indian Expert," 2nd Annual Conference, National Indian Education Association

1970 October -- Speaker: "The Ethnographic Study of Indian Women," Annual Convention, American Ethnohistorical Soceity

1970 November -- Speaker: "The Anthropologists as the Indian's Image Maker," Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association Speaker: "The Anthropologist and Ethnic Studies Programs," Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association

1970-1971 -- Associate Professor, Anthropology, San Francisco State University Member, Mayor's Committee on the Status of Women, San Francisco, California

1971 -- Member, Native American Scholars Board, Steering and Selection, American Indian Historical Society

1971 May -- Speaker: "Ethnic Studies and Native Americans," National Education Association

1971-1973 -- Pre-Doctoral Lecturer, Anthropology, University of Washington Consultant, American Indian Heritage Program

1972 -- Honored in "Potlatch" ceremony by Makah Tribal people at the National Indian Education Conference for contributions to Indian education Receives grant: American Council of Learned Societies Travel Grant, Americanist Annual Meeting, Rome, Italy Curriculum Advisor, Lakota Higher Education Center, Prine Ridge, South Dakota

1972 March -- Speaker: "Warrior Women Societies," Northwest Anthropological Conference

1972 April -- Chairperson and Speaker: "Racism and Ethnic Relations," Society for Applied Anthropology

1972 June -- Chairperson, Native American Studies Symposium, International Congress of Americanists, Mexico

1972 August -- Speaker: "Warrior Women of the Plains," International Congress of Americanists, Rome, Italy

1972 November -- Speaker: "Native Americans in the Modern World," Southwest Minnesota State College

1973 -- Expert Witness, Yvonne Wanro Trial, Spokane, Washington Member, Organization of American States, First Congress of Indigenous Women, Chiapas, Mexico Speaker: "Self-Direction in Sioux Education," American Anthropological Association Speaker: "North American Native Women: The Aspirations and Their Associations," presented as a Delegate to the Inter-American Commission on Indigenous Women, Chiapas, Mexico

1973-1974 -- Visiting Professor, Anthropology, Native American Studies Program, Dartmouth College

1973-1976 -- Member, Committee on Minorities in Anthropology, American Anthropological Association

1973- -- Consultant, Human Services Department, Sinte Gleska Community College

1974 -- Expert Witness, Wounded Knee Trial, Lincoln, Nebraska Speaker: "Indian Women's Roles: Traditional and Contemporary," Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association

1974-1975 -- Visiting Professor, Anthropology, Colorado College

1975-1976 -- Visiting Associate Professor, Anthropology, Stanford University

1975-1977 -- Member, Steering Committee, Council of Anthropology and Education, American Anthropological Association

1976 -- Visiting Professor, Educational Anthropology, University of New Brunswick Expert Witness, Topsky Eagle Feathers Trial, Pocatello, Idaho Panelist, White House Conference on Ethnic Studies, Washington, D.C.

1977 -- Expert Witness, Greybull Grandchildren Custody Case, Portland, Oregon American Indian representative to the World Conference on Indigenous People, Geneva, Switzerland Honor: Outstanding Alumna, South Dakota State University

1977 August 18 -- Medicine serves as Sacred Pipe Woman at the Sun Dance, Green Grass, South Dakota

1977-1980 -- Education Consultant, National Congress of American Indians, Washington, D.C.

1978 -- Cited in the Directory of Significant 20th Century American Minority Women, Gaylord Professional Publications Biographical Sketch in "Moving Forward" of the Bookmark Reading Program, Third Edition

1978 August -- Speaker: "Issues in the Professionalization of Native American Women," Annual Meeting, American Psychological Association

1978-1982 -- Advanced Opportunity Fellow, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison

1979 -- Visiting Professor, Department of Education Policy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison

1979 August -- Honorary Doctorate of Human Letters, Northern Michigan University Speaker: "The Dakota Indian Memorial Feast: Reservation and Urban Manifestations," International Congress of Americanists, Lima, Peru

1980 -- Member, Nominations Committee, American Anthropological Association Biographical Sketch in "Native American Indian Personalities, Historical and Contemporary," Dansville, New York: The Instructor Publications, Inc.

1981 -- Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Washington-Seattle Speaker: "Linguistically Marginated: The Transformation of Dominated Speech Varieties," American Anthropological Association

1982 -- School of Social and Behavioral Science Academic Planning, California State University Speaker: "Policy Decisions: Federal Regulations and American Indian Identity Issues," Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association

1982-1983 -- Anthropology Department Curriculum Committee, California State University

1982-1985 -- Associate Professor of Anthropology, Coordinator, Interdisciplinary Program in American Indian Studies, California State University Coordinator, Interdisciplinary Program in American Studies Program, California State University

1982- -- President, Assembly of California Indian Women

1983 -- Receives Ph.D., Cultural Anthropology, University of Wisconsin Expert Witness, Fortunate Eagle Trial, Reno, Nevada Award: Outstanding Woman of Color, National Institute of Women of Color, Washingtonton, D.C. (for anthropological contributions) Award: Outstanding Minority Researcher, American Educational Research Association Publishes book with Patricia Albers: The Hidden Half: Indian Women of the Northern Plains Honor: Significant Academic Book (The Hidden Half), Choice, Association of Colleges and Research Libraries, American Library Association

1983-1984 -- Student Affirmative Action Coordinating Council, California State University

1983-1986 -- Member, Executive Board, Southwest Anthropological Association Member, Governing Board, Common Cause

1984 -- Member, Advisory Board of National Research for Handicapped Native Americans, North Arizona University Scholarly Publications Award Selection Committee, California State University Award: Faculty Award for Meritorious Service, California State University Speaker: Field Work Methods: "Ties That Bond," Committee on the Status of Women in Anthropology," Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association Speaker: "Career Patterns of American Indian Women," Council of Education and Anthropology, Annual Meeting, American Anthropological Association

1984 November -- Faculty Award for Meritorious Service, California State University

1984-1985 -- Participant, Chancellor's Office Grant to "Cross-Cultural Perspectives in the Social Sciences," California State University

1985 November -- Speaker: Conference on "The Native American: His Arts, His Culture, and His History," West Virginia State College

1985-1986 -- Board of Directors, Naechi Institute on Alcohol and Drug Education

1985-1988 -- Professor, Department of Anthropology and Director, Native Centre, University of Calgary

1985-1989 -- Member, Malinowski Awards Committee, Society for Applied Anthropology

1987 -- Honor: Outstanding Minority Professorship Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks Visiting Professor, University of Michigan

1987-1995 -- Member, Committee of Anthropologists in Primarily Minority Institutions, American Anthropological Association

1988 August 1 -- Medicine officially retires.

1989 -- Volunteer (Committee of Anthropologists in Primarily Minority Institutions, American Anthropological Association), Standing Rock College Honor (twice): Outstanding Minority Professorship Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks Visiting Professor, Wayne State University.

1990 -- Honor: "Outstanding Contributions for the promotion of sex equity in Education," Illinois State Board of Education Honor: Outstanding Lakota Woman, Standing Rock College

1991 -- Honor: Distinguished Service Award, American Anthropological Association. Medicine was the first American Indian to receive this award.

1991 -- Visiting Professor, Saskatchewan Indian Federal College Visiting Professor, Colorado College Visiting Professor, Anthropology, Humboldt State University

1992 -- Visiting Distinguished Professor, Women's Studies, University of Toronto

1993 -- Visiting Professor, Rural Sociology, South Dakota State University Award: Distinguished Native American Alumna Award, South Dakota State University

1993-1994 December -- Research Co-ordinator, Women's Perspectives, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

1994- -- Adjunct Professor, University of Alberta

1995 -- Scholar in Residence, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul Visiting Scholar, Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia Award: Ohana Award, Multi-Cultural Counseling Excellence, American Association of Counselors

1996 -- Award: Bronislaw Malinowski Award, Society for Applied Anthropology. Buckman Professor, Department of Human Ecology, University of Minnesota

circa 1997- -- Associate Professor of Anthropology Emeritus, Department of Anthropology, California State University

2001 -- Publishes book: Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining "Native": Selected Writings.

2005 -- Award: George and Louise Spindler Award, Council on Anthropology and Education, American Anthropological Association.

2005 December 19 -- Medicine dies during emergency surgery in Bismarck, North Dakota.

2006 -- Book: Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux is published posthumously.

2008 -- The Society for Applied Anthropology creates the Bea Medicine Award.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 28 Linear feet (65 document boxes, 1 box of oversize materials, 1 box of ephemera, 1 shoebox of index cards, 1 map drawer)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1914-2003
label: Date
content: bulk 1945-2003
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: The Beatrice Medicine papers consist of papers created and collected by Dr. Beatrice Medicine over the course of her life (1923-2005).
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: National Anthropological Archives
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NAA.1997-05
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Correspondence
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: The collection is divided into 24 series:

Series 1: Native American Culture and History, 1954-1962, 1967-1975, 1978-1989, 1991-1997, 1999-2002

Series 2: Appropriations, Economics, and Labor, 1955, circa 1970-1980, 1988, 1993, circa 1995-2000

Series 3: Archaeology, 1935-1950, 1952-1973, 1987-1995

Series 4: Native American Artists, Authors, Crafts, Film, and Poets, 1951-1969, 1972-2002

Series 5: Census, Demographic, and Poll Data, 1974, 1984-1986

Series 6: Civil Rights, 1972, 1980, 1983-1997

Series 7: Committee Material: Correspondence, Meeting Minutes, and Memos, 1985-1995

Series 8: Conference Material, 1955-1962, 1965, 1968-1974, 1976-2002

Series 9: Correspondence, 1952, 1959, 1962, 1966-2000

Series 10: Education: Native American Institutions and Teaching Material, 1948-2002

Series 11: Ephemera: Campaign, Pow-Wow, and Other Event Buttons, and Calendars, 1973, 1976, circa 1980-2000

Series 12: Health: Alcohol and Drug Addiction and Recovery, Disabilities, Healthcare, Mental Health, Nutrition, and Wellness, 1955, 1965, 1969-1999, 2004

Series 13: Historic Preservation, 1942, 1956, 1960-1969, 1979, circa 1985-1998

Series 14: Invitations, 1966-1979, 1982, 1991-2002

Series 15: Linguistics: Native American Languages, 1961, 1963, 1975, 1978-1981, 1987-1995

Series 16: Manuscripts, 1964-2003

Series 17: Maps, 1982-1991

Series 18: Museum Material: Native American Museums, Exhibit Preparation, and the National Museum of the American Indian, 1949, 1962, circa 1976-1998

Series 19: Oversized Material, 1962, circa 1965-1996, 1999

Series 20: Published material: Journals, Magazines, Monographs, and Newsletters, 1914, 1932, 1944, 1946-1947, 1952-2003

Series 21: Reports, 1947-1949, 1956-1998

Series 22: Training Material, 1968, 1988-2000

Series 23: Women and Gender, 1962, 1965, circa 1970-1997

Series 24: Restricted Material, 1972, 1978, 1987-1999
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Medicine's file organization has been maintained, as have her folder titles. Processed and encoded by Katrina Schroeder, April-August 2019. Funding for processing was provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.
bibliography: label: Bibliography
content: The following are notable books, articles, poems, and documentaries by Dr. Beatrice Medicine:

1950. "Changing Foods and Food Habits." In  -- El Palacio, --  Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. 324-331.

1968. "The Use of Magic Among the Stoney Indians." In  -- XXXVIII Internationalen Amerikanistenkongresses, --  pp. 283-292.

1969. "The Changing Dakota Family and the Stresses Therein." In  -- Pine Ridge Research Bulletin, --  No. 9, pp. 13-23.

1970. "Red Power, Real or Potential." In  -- Indian Voices: The First Convocation of American Indian Scholars, --  pp. 299-307. San Francisco: Indian Historian Press.

1971. "The Anthropologist and American Indian Studies Programs." In  -- Indian Historian, --  No. 4, pp. 15-18. 

1971. "Anthropology as the Indian's Image Maker." In  -- Indian Historian, --  Vol. 4, No.3, pp. 27-29. 

1973. "The Big Foot Trail to Wounded Knee." In  -- Indian Historian, --  Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 23-25.

1973. "Finders Keepers." In  -- Museum News, --  No. 51, pp. 20-26. 

1973. "The Native American." In  -- Don Speigel and Patricia Keith-Speigel eds. The Outsiders. --  New York: Reinhart and Winston Holt. 

1974. "Religion and Philosophy." In  -- Encyclopedia of the Americas, --  166-178. Scholarly Press, Inc. 

1975. "American Indian Movement." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1975. "Ely S. Parker." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1975. "Gall." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1975. "The Role of Women in Native American Societies: A Bibliography." In  -- Indian Historian, --  Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 50-54.

1975. "Self-Direction in Sioux Education." In  -- Integrateducation, --  No. 78, pp. 15-17. 

1975. "Sioux Indians." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1975. "Sitting Bull." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1975. "Spotted Tail." In  -- The World Book Encyclopedia. --  Chicago.

1976. "Development of Models and Levels of Interpretation in Mental Health." In  -- Anthropology and Mental Health. --  Edited by Joseph Westermeyer. The Hauge, the Netherlands: Mouton Publishers.

1976. "Oral History as Truth: Validity in recent Court Cases Involving Native Americans." In  -- Folklore Forum, Bibliographic and Special Series, --  Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 1-5. 

1976. "The Schooling Process: Some Lakota (Sioux) Views." In  -- Craig J. Calhoun and Francis A. Janni eds. The Anthropological Study of Education. --   The Hague: Mouton.

1977. "NIEA, NCAI, NIYC Revisited." In  -- Wassaja --  (December).

1978. "Higher Education: A Threshold for Native Americans." In  -- Thresholds in Education, --  No. 4, pp. 22-25. 

1978. "Kunshiki: Grandmothers." In  -- Plainswomen, --  1.10-11, pp. 11-12. Grand Forks, ND.

1978. "Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining Native." In  -- Applied Anthropology in America: Past Contributions and Future Directions, --  pp. 182-196. Edited by Elizabeth Eddy and William Partridge. New York: Columbia Press.

1978. "Native American Women: A Perspective." Austin, Texas: National Educational Laboratory Publishers, Inc.

1978. "We Talk of Mental Health." In  -- Newsletter of the National Center for American Indian and Alaskan Native Health, --  Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 5.

1979. "Bilingual Education and Public Policy: The Case of the American Indians." In  -- Bilingual Education and Public Policy in the United States, --  pp. 395-407. Edited by Raymond Padilla. Ypsilanti, Michigan: Eastern Michigan University.

1979. "Hanta Yo: A New Phenomenon." In  -- The Indian Historian, --  Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 2-5. Reprinted in Kainai News, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 2.

1979. "Native Americans Communication Patterns: The Case of the Lakota Speakers." In  -- Handbook of Transcultural Communication, --  pp. 378-381. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

1980. "Ella Cara Deloria, the Emic Voice." In  -- Melus (Multi-Ethnic Literature in the U.S.), --  Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 23-30. 

1980. "American Indian Women: Mental Health Issues which Relate to Drug Abuse." In  -- Wícazo Ša Review: a Journal of Native American Studies, --  No. 9, pp. 85-89. 

1980. "American Indian Women: Spirituality and Status." In  -- Bread and Roses, --  Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 15-18. Madison, WI.

1980. "Ella C. Delora: The Emic Voice." In  -- The Journal of the Society for the Study of Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, --  Vol. 7, No. 4 (Winter), pp. 23-30.

1980. "The Interaction of Culture and Sex Roles in the Schools." In  -- Proceedings of the Conference of the Educational and Occupational Needs of American Indian Women, --  pp. 141-158. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Education.

1980. "Searching for the Bishop." In  -- Plainswomen, --  Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 9-19. Grand Forks, ND. 

1980. "Star Quilts." With Patricia Albers. In  -- Native Arts/West, --  pp. 9-15. Santa Fe, NM.

1980. "Training of American Indians and Alaskan Natives in Mental Health." With Spero Manson and Wally Funmaker. In  -- Practical Anthropology, --  Vol. 2, No. 1: 4-5, pp. 22-24.

1981. "American Indian Family Cultural Change and Adaptive Strategies." In  -- Journal of Ethnic Studies, --  No. 8, pp. 13-23. 

1981. "Contemporary Literature on Indian Women: A Review Essay." In  -- Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies, --  Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 122-125. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado.

1981. "The Interaction of Culture and Sex Roles in Schools." In  -- Integrateducation, Special Issue: American Indian Education, --  No. 19, pp. 28-37. 

1981. "Native American Resistance to Integration: Contemporary Confrontations and Religious Revitalization." In  -- Plains Anthropologist, --  Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 277-86. 

1981. "'Speaking Indian': Parameters of Language Use among American Indians." In  -- Focus: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, --  No. 6, pp. 3-10. 

1981. "Wakan: Thoughts on Sacredness." In  -- Anthropology Resource Center Newsletter, --  Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 7.

1982. "New Roads to Coping: Siouan Sobriety." In  -- S.M. Manson ed. New Directions in Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. --  Portland: Oregon Health Sciences University. 

1983. "An Ethnography of Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux." University of Nebraska Press.

1983. "The Hidden Half: Indian Women of the Northern Plains." With Patricia Albers. Washington, D.C.: American Universities Press.

1983. "Ina." In  -- Sinister Wisdom, 22/23. --  Amherst, MA. Reprinted in A Gathering of Spirit, 1984.

1983. "Indian Women: Tribal Identity as Status Quo." In  -- Women's Nature: Rationalizations of Inequality. --  New York: Teachers College Press. 

1983. "Warrior Women." In  -- The Hidden Half: Studies of Plains Indian Women. --  Patricia C. Alberts, ed. ISBN 9780819129567. 

1984. "American Indian Concepts of Mental Health Reflections and Directions." With Joseph Trimble,  Manson, and Dinges. In  -- Mental Health Services: The Cross-Cultural Context, --  pp. 199-220. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

1986. "Beyond Compare and Contrast... Perspectives from Anthropology." In  -- Unmasking culture: Cross Cultural Perspectives in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, --  pp. 107-118. Chandler and Sharp.

1986. "Contemporary Cultural Revisitation: Bilingual and Bicultural Education." In  -- Wícazo Ša Review: a Journal of Native American Studies, --  No. 2, pp. 31-35. 

1987. "The Cultural Background of American Indian Art." In  -- New Directions Northwest, --  pp. 1-10. Portland, OR: The Art Museum and Evergreen State College.

1987. "Indian Women and the Renaissance of Traditional Religion." In  -- Raymond J. DeMallie and Douglas R. Parks eds. --  pp.159-171. Sioux Indian Religion, Tradition and Innovation. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. 

1987. "The Role of American Indian Women in Cultural Continuity and Transition." In  -- J. Penfield ed. Women and Language in Transition. --  Albany: SUNY Press. 

1987. "The Role of Elders in Native Education." In  -- Indian Education in Canada, Vol. II: The Challenge, --  pp. 152. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

1987. "Understanding the Native Community." In  -- Multicultural Education Journal, --  Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 21-26. Edmonton: Alberta Teachers Association.

1988. "Ella Cara Deloria." In  -- Ute Gacs, Aisha Khan, Jerry McIntyre and Ruth Weinberg eds. --  pp. 45-50. Women Anthropologists: a Biographical Dictionary. New York: Greenwood Press. 

1988. "Native American (Indian) Women: A Call for Research." In  -- Anthropology and Education Quarterly, --  Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 86-92. 

1989. "Indian Identity Within Communities and Externally Imposed Policies." In  -- Ethnicity, --  pp. 119-130. Moscow, Russia: Institute of Ethnography Publications.

1990. "'Carrying the Culture: American Indian and Alaska Native Women Workers' Wider Opportunity for Women Inc." In  -- Risks and Challenges: Women, Work and the Future, --  pp. 53-60. 

1993. "American Indian Women: Mental Health Issues Which Relate to Drug Abuse." In  -- Wicazosa Review, --  Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 85-90.

1993. "Diversification of American Indians: Forming An Indigenous Perspective." With Joseph E. Trimble. In  -- Indigenous Psychologies: Research and Experience in Cultural Context, --  pp. 133-151. New Park, CA: Sage Publications.

1993. "North American Indigenous Women and Cultural Domination." In  -- American Indian Culture and Research Journal, --  Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.121-30.

1997. "Changing Native American Roles in an Urban Context and Changing Native American Sex Roles in an Urban Context." In  -- Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas and Sabine Lang eds. Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. --  Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 

1997. "Lakota Star Quilts: Commodity, Ceremony and Economic Development." In  -- Marsha L. MacDowell and C. Kurt Dedwhurst eds. To Honor and Comfort: Native American Quilting Traditions. --  Museum of New Mexico Press and Michigan State University Museum. 

1998. "Alcohol and Aborigines: the North American Perspective." In  -- Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Journal, --  No. 8, pp. 7-11.

1998. "American Indians and Anthropologists: Issues of History, Empowerment, and Application." In  -- Human Organization, --  Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 253-57. 

1999. "Ella Cara Deloria: Early Lakota Ethnologist (Newly Discovered Novelist)." In  -- R. Darnell and L. Valentine eds. The Americanist Tradition. --  Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 

1999.  -- Seeking the Spirit: Plains Indians in Russia. --  Liucija Baskauskas, dir. Documentary Educational Resources.

2001.  -- Learning to be an Anthropologist and Remaining "Native": Selected Writings. --  Edited with Sue-Ellen Jacobs. University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago.

2006.  -- Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux. --  Altamira Press: New York.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Correspondence
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The papers of Beatrice Medicine reflect Medicine's interests as an academic and an activist, and contain correspondence, committee, conference, and teaching material, ephemera, manuscripts and poetry, maps, notes, periodicals, photographs, and training material (see series scope notes for further details on contents).  The majority of the material is printed matter that Medicine collected, with less of her own work included. Taken together, the collection reflects issues affecting Native Americans during the second half of the 20th century, as well as the network of Native American leaders and organizations that navigated these issues. Student papers, letters of recommendation, evaluations, and documents containing personally identifiable information are restricted.