MS 7536 Pochoir prints of ledger drawings by the Kiowa Five
odd: label: Local Numbers
content: NAA MS 7536

 NAA INV 09064600-09066900
name: label: Artist
content: Asah, Spencer, approximately 1908-1954
label: Artist
content: Auchiah, James, 1906-1974
label: Artist
content: Mopope, Stephen, 1898-1974
label: Artist
content: Hokeah, Jack, 1902-1969
label: Artist
content: Smoky, Lois, 1907-1981
label: Artist
content: Tsatoke, Monroe, 1904-1937
label: Collector
content: Jacobson, Oscar Brousse, 1882-1966
place: label: Place
content: North America
creator: label: Artist
content: Asah, Spencer, approximately 1908-1954
label: Artist
content: Auchiah, James, 1906-1974
label: Artist
content: Mopope, Stephen, 1898-1974
label: Artist
content: Hokeah, Jack, 1902-1969
label: Artist
content: Smoky, Lois, 1907-1981
label: Artist
content: Tsatoke, Monroe, 1904-1937
label: Collector
content: Jacobson, Oscar Brousse, 1882-1966
culture: label: Culture
content: Kiowa
setName: label: See more items in
content: MS 7536 Pochoir prints of ledger drawings by the Kiowa Five
bioghist: label: Historical Note
content: The Kiowa Five were a group of painters who earned national and international acclaim during the early twentieth century. The group actually consisted of six individuals: Spencer Asah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Monroe Tsatoke, Lois Smoky, and James Auchiah. A number of the artists attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, where they received art instruction from Sister Olivia Taylor. Susan Peters, a government field matron, also took an interest in the young artists' work. She arranged for an artist from Chickasha, Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, to provide art lessons. Eventually Ms. Peters persuaded Dr. Oscar Jacobson, head of the school of art at the University of Oklahoma, to provide additional training for the artists. In 1926, Asah, Hokeah, Tsatoke, and Mopope arrived at the University. The artists were not officially enrolled, but they received special instruction from Jacobson and Dr. Edith Mahier, another professor in the school of art. In January 1927, Lois Smoky, a young Kiowa woman, arrived to study with the other artists. In spring, the artists were compelled to return home to tend to agricultural pursuits. They returned in the fall, accompanied by James Auchiah, the sixth and final student. Shortly thereafter, Lois Smoky withdrew from the program and returned home. Dr. Oscar Jacobson arranged for the Kiowa artists' paintings to be exhibited in 1928 at the First International Art Exposition - formally titled the 1928 International Art Congress (of the International Federation for Art Education, Drawing and Art Applied to Industries)- in Prague, Czechoslovakia. In 1929, Kiowa Art, a portfolio of the artists' paintings was published in France.
label: Biographical Note
content: Stephen Mopope also known as Qued Koi (Painted Robe) was born on August 27, 1898 near Red Stone Baptist Church on the Kiowa Reservation. He attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma. He died on February 3, 1974.
label: Biographical Note
content: Spencer Asah also known as Lallo (Little Boy) was born between 1905 and 1910 near Carnegie, Oklahoma. He attended various government Indian schools and St. Patrick's Mission School, Anadarko, Oklahoma. He died in 1954.
label: Biographical Note
content: James Auchiah was born in 1906 near Medicine Park, Oklahoma. He attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma. He died on December 28, 1974.
label: Biographical Note
content: Jack Hokeah was born in 1902 in western Oklahoma. He attended St. Patrick's Mission School in Anadarko, Oklahoma. He died on December 14, 1969.
label: Biographical Note
content: Monroe Tsatoke also known as Tsa To Kee (Hunting Horse) was born September 29, 1904 at Saddle Mountain, Oklahoma. He attended Rainy Mountain Indian School near Carnegie, Oklahoma and Bacone College. He died on February 3, 1937.
label: Biographical Note
content: Lois Smokey also known as Bougetah (Of the Dawn) was born in 1907, near Anadarko, Oklahoma. She died on February 1, 1981.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 24 Paintings (watercolor applied by pochoir, 11 x 14 inches)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1929
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: A note dated 1970 indicates that the color plates were hanging in the office of the Chairman of the Department of Anthropology, having previously been displayed in the office of the Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology. They were later removed from display and designated NAA MS 7536. No information is available regarding their acquisition.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: National Anthropological Archives
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NAA.MS7536
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Paintings
label: Type
content: Works of art
label: Type
content: Watercolors
label: Type
content: Ledger drawings
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Works of art
label: Genre/Form
content: Watercolors
label: Genre/Form
content: Ledger drawings
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The collection consists of twenty-four (24) prints illustrating dancers, figures in traditional attire, and ceremonial events. Each sheet is numbered in the upper right corner, with numbers 1 through 30.  The set is complete except for 3, 5, 7, 22, 26, and 29. The prints are from a portfolio containing 30 plates and an accompanying text by Jacobson published by C. Szwedizicki, Nice, France.  The painters are the so-called "Kiowa Five," renamed the "Kiowa Six": Jack Hokeah, Spencer Asah, Bougetah (Lois) Smoky, Stephen Mopope, and Monroe Tsatoke. For this set of drawings, an electrostatic copy of the text as published in 1979 with an essay by Jamake Highwater and the Jacobson text in French with an added translation in English has been added (Oscar Brousse Jacobson, Kiowa Indian Art: Watercolor Paintings in Color by the Indians of Oklahoma) with an introductory essay by Jamake Highwater, Bell Editions, Santa Fe, ca. 1979). The locations of the missing art and the original 1929 text and covers are not known.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
relatedmaterial: label: Related Materials
content: The National Anthropological Archives holds a complete set of prints published in 1979 in MS 2008-15 Kiowa Indian Art: Watercolor Paintings in Color by the Indians of Oklahoma and holds related prints in the Acee Blue Eagle collection, including the original painting on which Plate 27 is based.