MS 2038 Matilda Coxe Stevenson papers related to Zuni pottery
odd: label: Local Numbers
content: NAA MS 2038
label: Variant Title
content: Notes and sketches
name: label: Creator
content: Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1850-1915
place: label: Place
content: North America
topic: label: Topic
content: Pottery
creator: label: Creator
content: Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1850-1915
culture: label: Culture
content: A:shiwi (Zuni)
bioghist: label: Biographical Note
content: Matilda Coxe Stevenson (1849-1915; though her birth year is often erroneously listed as 1850) was the first woman to study the American Southwest and the first (and for a long time the only) female anthropologist hired by the US government. Born Matilda Coxe Evans in 1849 in San Augustine, Texas, Stevenson was brought to Washington, D.C., as an infant. She was educated at Miss Anable's English, French, and German School in Philadelphia and through private studies with her father and Dr. William M. Mew of the Army Medical Museum. In 1872 she married James Stevenson, a geologist with the US Geological Survey of the Territories. From 1872-1878, Matilda joined James on Ferdinand V. Hayden's geological surveys to Colorado, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah, and assisted him by compiling geological data. When the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) was created in 1879, Matilda Stevenson was appointed "volunteer coadjutor [sic] in ethnology" and she went with James on his BAE expeditions to the Southwest. 

After James Stevenson's death in 1888, BAE Director John Wesley Powell hired Matilda Stevenson to organize her husband's notes. In 1889, Stevenson became regular BAE staff. From 1890 to 1907, Stevenson did substantial individual fieldwork at Zuni and published "The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies" in the Bureau of American Ethnology's Twenty-Third Annual Report (1901-2). Starting in 1904, Stevenson conducted comparative studies at Zia, Jemez, San Juan, Cochiti, Nambe, Picarus, Tesuque, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, and Taos. In 1907 she purchased a ranch (Ton'yo) near San Ildefonso, which became her base for fieldwork. Stevenson died in Maryland on June 24, 1915.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 26 Pages
label: Extent
content: 8 Photographs (black and white)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1896
container: label: Container
content: Box 2037 / 2038, Folder 4-6
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: National Anthropological Archives
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NAA.MS2038
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Pages
label: Type
content: Photographs
label: Type
content: Drawings
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Drawings
label: Genre/Form
content: Photographs
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The collection consists of notes, sketches and photographs related to Zuni pottery created and collected by Matilda Coxe Stevenson.  Included are sketches of a painted tablet, katchinas, petroglyphs, and cloud and rain symbols on pottery; a list of photographs taken by Stevenson; and photographs of pottery in United States National Museum, probably used for reference in study of cloud and rain symbols. 

Two pages of notes entitled "Cloud and Rain Symbols" contain a list of United States National Museum Catalog Numbers and a reference to the "Gates Expedition of 1901, by Walter Hough;" the Catalog Numbers refer to pottery in the United States National Museum collections. The list of photographs does not refer to the photographs of pottery in this collection; it mentions 2 photographs of "Ka'ka'ma south base of To'wa yal lanne [Corn Mountain], several of plants and flowers, and 2 of the informant Nai'uchi. The photographs may be in the Matilda Coxe Stevenson photographs, 1882-1914 (Photo Lot 23).

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
relatedmaterial: label: Related Materials
content: The National Anthropological Archives holds Matilda Coxe Stevenson's papers in MS 4689. 

The Smithsonian Institution Collections and Archives Program's Cross-Collections Guide to Matilda Coxe Stevenson, written by Abby Clouse-Radigan, PhD, provides information on object collections related to Stevenson, as well as additional biographical information and notes on Stevenson's correspondence in the National Anthropological Archives.