MS 1874 Kiowa drawings by Silver Horn and anonymous artists
odd: label: Local Numbers
content: NAA MS 1874
name: label: Collector
content: Mooney, James, 1861-1921
label: Artist
content: Silver Horn, 1860-1940
place: label: Place
content: Oklahoma
label: Place
content: North America
creator: label: Collector
content: Mooney, James, 1861-1921
label: Artist
content: Silver Horn, 1860-1940
culture: label: Culture
content: Kiowa
setName: label: See more items in
content: MS 1874 Kiowa drawings by Silver Horn and anonymous artists
bioghist: label: Biographical Note
content: Silver Horn, Haungooah in Kiowa, was born in 1860. His name also appears as Hugone, Hangun or Hawgon. He was a member of a prominent Kiowa family. His residential band, led by his father Agiati (Gathering Feathers), actively opposed the governments efforts to confine the Kiowa to a reservation. Members of his family participated in the Red River War of 1874-1875 and were among the last Kiowa to surrender to the military. In 1891, Silver Horn enlisted in Troop L of the 7th U.S. Cavalry. He served with Troop L, which was part of broader experiment involving the enlistment of all-Indian troops, until 1894. In 1901, Silver Horn secured employment with James Mooney, an ethnologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Mooney was interested in the designs on Kiowa shields and tipis and hired Silver Horn to produce illustrations of the designs and models of the shields and tipis. The project provided Silver Horn with steady work between 1902 and 1904 and occassional employment between 1904 and 1906. Silver Horn also produced illustrations for Hugh Scott, an army officer and avocational ethnologist. Silver Horn was active in the religious life of the Kiowa. He was a Tsaidetalyi bundle keeper and participated in the Sun Dance, Ghost Dance, and Peyote religion. He was also a member of the Ohoma society. Silverhorn died on December 14, 1940.
label: Biographical note
content: Haba was Silver Horn's half-brother and was also employed by James Mooney.
label: Biographical Note
content: James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee and Kiowa. Among the Kiowa his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned illustrations of shield and tipi designs, as well as miniature shields and tipis.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 3 Drawings (visual works) (graphite and colored pencil)
unitdate: label: Date
content: circa 1904
container: label: Container
content: Box 1874
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: The drawings comprise part of James Mooney's notes on Kiowa shield and tipi designs.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: National Anthropological Archives
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NAA.MS1874
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Graphic Materials
label: Type
content: Drawings (visual works)
label: Type
content: Works of art
label: Type
content: Ledger drawings
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: The dates for the collection are based on the dates when James Mooney was most actively involved in his heraldry studies. They correspond with the period during which he employed Silver Horn and his brother Haba. Dating and attribution to Silver Horn based on:

Greene, Candace. Silver Horn Master Illustrator of the Kiowas. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Works of art
label: Genre/Form
content: Ledger drawings
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The collection consists of three (3) drawings. The drawings depict a warrior, Haba's war gear and tipi, and an enlarged view of Haba's shield. One drawing has been  attributed to Silver Horn. The drawings appear to be associated with James Mooney's research on Kiowa shield and tipi designs.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.