Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest
odd: label: Introduction
content: The Philippine folk artists who participated in the 1998 Festival shared a common involvement in elaborate systems of exchange, reciprocity, and gift-giving that characterize Filipino society - a theme that was chosen to structure the Festival program. Their lives could be read as essays on gift-giving: mentors of younger generations, diplomatic representatives to worlds outside their communities, custodians of artistic creation, performers and makers of the implements of celebrations. They represented the spirit of pahiyas, a word that collects notions of gem-like treasures and blessings. Pahiyas is a shower of gifts and blessings in the celebratory abundance of a harvest. Through these artists, the Philippines celebrated the centennial of its declaration of independence by asserting its freedom to construct the future with the culture of gift-giving.

At the start of work on the Philippine Festival program, the first order of business was to define an approach that engaged not only how intricately Filipinos articulate identity and reweave tradition with 20th-century passions, but also how they do so while simultaneously expressing delight and dignity, vivacity and solemnity. The demand for accuracy of representation was extraordinarily high. The project was negotiated by the Philippine Centennial Commission with the Smithsonian in the context of the Philippine Centennial celebrations in the Philippines and of the associated events planned in many cities in the United States.

It was clear to the project team from the outset that during these celebrations, Filipinos wished to signal their arrival at a juncture in history where they could enjoy a complex understanding of the deepest sources of cultural pride. The project's goal was to express a sophisticated sense of the dynamics of folklife in a national formation. Thus, the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), the implementing agency for the project on the Philippine side, assembled a project team of independent cultural workers and worked with the Smithsonian to create a Festival concept - pahiyas - and corresponding presentation to communicate that sense of arrival and to register that refined understanding.

The 80 Philippine master artists honored by the Smithsonian Institution and their nation have in common - aside from their levels of achievement - a strength of character that has enabled them to meet the challenge of modernity by accepting and reworking certain aspects of it. Many of the artists were savvy about recordings and other forms of documentation, marketing techniques, alliances with other communities and countries, public presentations, discussions, and political action. Individually and as a group they laid to rest the weary stereotypes of the primitive or the abject rural peasant. Although many of them were poor by the standards of urban society, they all projected to Festival visitors a grace, a pride, and a sense of assurance that seemed to issue from the aesthetic pleasure and wisdom inherent in their chosen art forms.

Richard Kennedy and Marian Pastor Roces were Curators, with Ramon Obusan as Program Director and Eva Mari G. Salvador and Andrea Yangas as Program Coordinators. Flora Elena R. Mirano was Research Director and Ricardo Trimillos was Research Associate.

The Philippines program was produced in collaboration with the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the Philippine Centennial Commission and was supported by the American International Group, Inc., The Starr Foundation, Bell Atlantic, the Asian Cultural Council, and the Philippine Centennial Foundation/USA.
label: Researchers
content: Marialita Yraola (supervising researcher), Edna Marcil M. Martinez (senior researcher), Eduardo Borbon, Ricardo Cruz, Leonido Gines, Jr., Maria Patricia B. Silvestre, Dennis Julio Y. Tan
label: Presenters
content: Paulo Alcazaren, Carmencita J. Bernardo, Eduardo Borbon, Joseph Cristobal, Ricardo Cruz, Frank I. Depakakibo, Leonido Gines, Jr., Pacita O. Ignacio, Amelio B. Manzano, Edna Marcil M. Martinez, Jojo Mata, Flora Elena Mirano, Oliver Patino, Maria Patricia B. Silvestre, Dennis Julio Y. Tan, Marialita Yraola, Consuelo Zapata
label: Participants
content: Cluster A: Binding, Weaving, Lashing

Lydia Ignacio Fojas, boat builder, Aklan Province, Philippines

Norman P. Fojas, boat builder, Aklan Province, Philippines

Lang Sengid Kambay, epic singer, South Cotabato Province, Philippines

Miguelito V. Abuso,  -- kiping --  maker, Lucban, Quezon Province, Philippines

Sylvio S. Bobos, traditional builder, Manila, Philippines

Arnelio Manzano, traditional builder, Manila, Philippines

Miguelita A. Bangkas, weaver, Davao del Sur Province, Philippines

Baingan Adzad Dawan, weaver, Maguindanao Province, Philippines

Susima M. Dela Cruz, weaver, Aklan Province, Philippines

Salinta Barra Monon, weaver, Davao del Sur Province, Philippines

Rhodora D. Sulangi, weaver, Aklan Province, Philippines

Maria Todi Wanan, weaver, South Cotabato Province, Philippines

Cluster B: Beating, Tapping, Pounding

Roberto L. Gorobat, goldsmith, Paracale, Bicol, Philippines

Julio R. Ramirez, silversmith, Pampanga Province, Philippines

Cluster C: Carving, Incising, Molding

Bua Hudasan Kara, boat builder, Maguindanao Province, Philippines

Fermin R. Cadapan, carver, Paete, Laguna Province, Philippines

Rodico A. de Dios, carver, Pampanga Province, Philippines

Leon D. Tayaban, carver, Ifugao Province, Philippines

Zacaria Akman Amboa,  -- kulintang  -- maker, Maguindanao Province, Philippines

Philippine Kitchen

Milagros S. Enriquez, Malolos, Bulacan Province, Philippines

Nicanora Teresa C. Santiago, Malolos, Bulacan Province, Philippines

Basketball Court

ARNIS MASTERS, CEBU CITY  -- ARNIS MASTERS, CEBU CITYArnold G. Canete, Cebu City, PhilippinesMario Isagani A. Talledo, Cebu City, Philippines

KULINTANG  -- ENSEMBLE, MAGUINDANAO PROVINCE  -- KULINTANG ENSEMBLE, MAGUINDANAO PROVINCEAga Mayo Butocan, leader, Maguindanao Province, PhilippinesSinsuat Delawangan Dalgan, Maguindanao Province, PhilippinesKanapia Sibay Kalanduyan, Maguindanao Province, PhilippinesDinanding Dilawangan Kalimudan, Maguindanao Province, PhilippinesLabaya Sagire Piang, Maguindanao Province, PhilippinesSamaon Silongon Solaiman, kudyapi player, Maguindanao Province, Philippines

PASIKING (KALINGA ENSEMBLE), KALINGA-APAYAO PROVINCE  -- PASIKING (KALINGA ENSEMBLE), KALINGA-APAYAO PROVINCEBenicio D. Sokkong, leader, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesDamaso L. Balway, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesCalixto B. Cabannag, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesInocencio L. Damagon, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesJose Marie K. Felipe, Jr., Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesImelda S. Polittude, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesBenedicto L. Damagon, dancer, Kalinga-Apayao Province, PhilippinesFidel P. Tayawa, dancer, Kalinga-Apayao Province, Philippines

TALAANDIG ENSEMBLE, BUKIDNON PROVINCE  -- TALAANDIG ENSEMBLE, BUKIDNON PROVINCEVictorino Saway, leader, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesJean S. Gangga, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesMarlon P. Necosia, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesAdolino L. Saway, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesRodelio L. Saway, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesLiza L. Saway, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesOrlanda P. Saway, Bukidnon Province, PhilippinesNarita T. Sihagan, Bukidnon Province, Philippines

Chapel

CHORAL ENSEMBLE, BACONG, NEGROS ORIENTAL PROVINCE  -- CHORAL ENSEMBLE, BACONG, NEGROS ORIENTAL PROVINCEExuferio V. Tinguha, choirmaster & parol maker, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesGlenn S. Aurea, parol-makingassistant, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesLeona R. Aurea, cantora, soprano, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesSimplicia V. Baro, cantora, soprano, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesCatalina T. Gajilomo, cantora, soprano, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesAngel M. Honculada, parol-making assistant, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesGenoveva T. Sagarino, cantora, alto, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, PhilippinesSylvia T. Vendiola, cantora, soprano, Bacong, Negros Oriental Province, Philippines

MUSICONG BUMBONG,  -- BULACAN PROVINCE  -- MUSICONG BUMBONG, BULACAN PROVINCEAlfredo C. Anastacio, snare drum, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesAntonio A. Anastacio, harmonica, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesRodrigo C. Anastacio, bass drum, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesAntonio D. Bautista, trombone, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesRoberto C. Capiral, trumpet, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesEmesto B. de Dios, trombone, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesRoderic C. Garcia, cymbals, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesMelchor F. Gimenez, clarinet, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesBernabe A. Ignacio, bamboo bass, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesZosimo B. Miday, trumpet, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesRizalino A. Remigio, saxophone, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesDomingo M. Rosco, saxophone, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesRoman A. Santa Ana, bamboo bass, Bulacan Province, PhilippinesMaximo C. Santiago, harmonica, Bulacan Province, Philippines

RONDALLA MARIKINA, MARIKINA CITY, MANILA  -- RONDALLA MARIKINA, MARIKINA CITY, MANILAMarcial R. de Jesus, Marikina City, Manila, PhilippinesArcadio R. dela Cruz, Marikina City, Manila, PhilippinesEdgardo G. Labrado, Marikina City, Manila, PhilippinesRodolfo T. Poblea, Marikina City, Manila, PhilippinesMontano M. Santos, Marikina City, Manila, PhilippinesTeofilo M. Santos, Marikina City, Manila, Philippines

SUBLI  -- ENSEMBLE, BATANGAS PROVINCE  -- SUBLI ENSEMBLE, BATANGAS PROVINCEAbdon O. Cruzat, leader, Batangas Province, PhilippinesRufina V. Boongaling, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesBeda M. Dimayuga, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesBibiana C. Escalona, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesMiguela C. Maquimot, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesSimeon C. Maquimot, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesLeonardo E. Valdez, dancer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesFelix C. Cruzat, drummer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesSeverino D. Cruzat, drummer, Batangas Province, PhilippinesJose E. Manalo, drummer, Batangas Province, Philippines
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1998 Smithsonian Folklife Festival
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1998, Series 3
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials