Native Americans: Northern Plains Indians
odd: label: Introduction
content: Ten tribes of Northern Plains Indians, from the States of North and South Dakota, Montana and Wyoming, were represented in the Native Americans section of the 1973 Festival. Their participation marked the fourth year of a six-year plan to include Indians of a different region at each Festival, with the Bicentennial Festival to feature the entire country.

Past and present culture and lifestyles of American Indians were explored in these presentations, which included samplings of traditional culture that continue to be central to life within Indian communities. Through workshop sessions, crafts demonstrations, song and dance, Indians demonstrated their traditions. Members of the featured tribes worked with the Festival staff as field coordinators to help plan, develop and carry out the program.

Indian participation in the Festival was both an opportunity for Festival visitors to become acquainted with Indian people and also an opportunity for Indian people to speak about both contemporary and traditional concerns. Among those concerns and priorities are a respect for the land, respect and care of their older members, and an arts tradition that realizes and reflects the role of man in nature.

Clydia Nahwooksy served as Director of the Indian Awareness Program, assisted by Tom Kavanagh. Major sponsors were the U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Office of Education.
label: Participants
content: Frank Backbone, 1917-2005, Crow, singer, Crow Agency, Montana

Pearl Backbone, 1922-1992, Crow, bead worker, Crow Agency, Montana

Ann Bigman, 1922-1999, Crow, bead worker, Crow Agency, Montana

Hugh Little Owl, 1910-1991, Crow, flute maker, Crow Agency, Montana

Kevin Red Star, Crow, tipi painter, Billings, Montana

Cecilia Bearchum, 1923-, Northern Cheyenne, shawl maker, Busby, Montana

Curtis James Bearchum, 1955-, Northern Cheyenne, feather worker, Busby, Montana

Jesse Copenhaver, 1914-, Northern Cheyenne, bead worker, Busby, Montana

Joan Sootkis, 1953-, Northern Cheyenne, shawl maker, Lame Deer, Montana

Vernon Sootkis, 1955-, Northern Cheyenne, moccasin maker, Lame Deer, Montana

Ruth Strangeowl, 1955-, Northern Cheyenne, cook, Birney, Montana

Arnold Hedley, Arapaho, singer

Aline Shakespeare, 1928-1977, Arapaho, bead worker, Arapaho, Wyoming

Tom Shakespeare, 1927-1977, Arapaho, singer, Arapaho, Wyoming

William Shakespeare, Arapaho, dancer, Arapaho, Wyoming

Mary Alice Denny, 1921-2003, Cree, bead worker, Box Elder, Montana

Ona Lee Denny, 1960-, Cree, dancer, Box Elder, Montana

Walter Alex Denny, 1911-1981, Cree, tipi maker, Box Elder, Montana

Ariad Standing Rock, Cree, cradleboard maker

Douglas Standing Rock, Cree, feather worker

Mary Bagola, 1898-1987, Sioux, beadwork, Cherry Creek, South Dakota

Iva Blackbear, 1913-1983, Sioux, singer, Rosebud, South Dakota

William Horn Cloud, Sioux, singer, Pine Ridge, South Dakota

Cecilia Jumping Bull, 1902-1986, Sioux, tipi sewer, Oglala, South Dakota

Harry Jumping Bull, 1898-1980, Sioux, camp crier, Oglala, South Dakota

Jennie Knox, 1896-1979, Sioux, quilter, Okreek, South Dakota

Sybil Lambert, Sioux, cook, Brockton, Montana

Rosebud Marshall, Sioux, pipe maker, Flandreau, South Dakota

Marie Star Boy, Sioux, quilter, South Dakota

Lucy Swan, Sioux, beadwork

Claude Two Elk, Sioux, dancer, Mission, South Dakota

Marie Two Charger, 1941-2005, Sioux, quilter, Mission, South Dakota

Floyd Westerman, 1936-2007, Sioux, singer

Mary Crowshoe, Blackfeet, bead worker

Joe Crowshoe, Blackfeet, tipi maker, Brocket, Alberta

Louise Evans, 1907-1983, Blackfeet, moccasin maker, Browning, Montana

Grace Kennedy, 1926-1994, Blackfeet, bead worker, Browning, Montana

Pat Kennedy, Blackfeet, singer, Browning, Montana

John Bear Medicine, Blackfeet, doll maker, Browning, Montana

Willy Eagle Plume, Blackfeet, drum maker, Fort Macleod, Alberta

Joan Heavy Runner, Blackfeet, cradleboard maker

Tom Heavy Runner, Blackfeet, tipi sewer

Adolf Hungry Wolf, Blackfeet, singer, Fort Macleod, Alberta
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1973 Festival of American Folklife
unitdate: label: Date
content: June 30-July 8, 1973
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1973, Series 2
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials