Moses and Frances Asch Collection
odd: label: Shared Stewardship of Collections
content: The Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage acknowledges and respects the right of artists, performers, Folklife Festival participants, community-based scholars, and knowledge-keepers to collaboratively steward representations of themselves and their intangible cultural heritage in media produced, curated, and distributed by the Center. Making this collection accessible to the public is an ongoing process grounded in the Center's commitment to connecting living people and cultures to the materials this collection represents. To view the Center's full shared stewardship policy, which defines our protocols for addressing collections-related inquiries and concerns, please visit https://doi.org/10.25573/data.21771155.
name: label: Creator
content: Asch, Moses
label: Creator
content: Distler, Marian, 1919-1964
label: Creator
content: Folkways Records
label: Names
content: Courlander, Harold, 1908-1996
label: Names
content: Guthrie, Woody, 1912-1967
label: Names
content: Jenkins, Ella
label: Names
content: Leadbelly, 1885-1949
label: Names
content: Ramsey, Frederic, 1915-1995
label: Names
content: Seeger, Pete, 1919-2014
topic: label: Topic
content: Folk music
label: Topic
content: Folk dance music
label: Topic
content: Electronic music
label: Topic
content: Oral interpretation of poetry
label: Topic
content: Oral interpretation of fiction
label: Topic
content: Music -- 20th century
label: Topic
content: Music -- 19th century
label: Topic
content: Music -- 18th century
label: Topic
content: Jazz
label: Topic
content: Folk music -- United States
label: Topic
content: World music
label: Topic
content: Sounds
label: Topic
content: Vocal music
label: Topic
content: Popular music -- 20th century -- United States
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: Ralph Rinzler arranged the Smithsonian's acquisition of the Moses and Frances Asch Collection in 1987, beginning with Asch before his death in 1986 and continuing with extensive discussions between Rinzler and the Asch family. Since its acquisition, archivist Jeff Place and others have added contemporary, relevant correspondence with Folkways artists and related individuals.
creator: label: Creator
content: Asch, Moses
label: Creator
content: Distler, Marian, 1919-1964
label: Creator
content: Folkways Records
setName: label: See more items in
content: Moses and Frances Asch Collection
abstract: label: Summary
content: This collection, which dates from 1926-1986, documents the output of Moses Asch through the various record labels he founded and co-founded, and includes some of his personal papers. The Asch collection includes published recordings, master tapes, outtakes, business records, correspondence, photographs, and film.
bioghist: label: Biographical/Historical note
content: The son of Yiddish writer Sholem Asch, Moses Asch was born in Poland in 1905. His childhood was spent in Poland, France, Germany, and New York. While young, Asch developed an interest in radio electronics, which ultimately lead him to his life's work, recording the music and sounds of the world. He established several record labels in succession, sometimes partnering with other record companies. Two of his fist record companies, Asch Recordings and DISC Co. of America, went bankrupt. They were followed by his best-known label, Folkways Records, which was founded in 1948 with Marian Distler (1919-1964). He was still working on Folkways recordings when he died in 1986.

Folkways Records sought to document the entire world of sound. The 2,168 titles Asch released on Folkways include traditional and contemporary music from around the world, spoken word in many languages, and documentary recordings of individuals, communities, and current events. Asch's business practices revolved around the commitment to keep every recording issued by Folkways in print, despite low sales. Asch stayed afloat by cutting costs where he could (such as color printing) and offering a high-quality product, meticulously recorded and accompanied by extensive liner notes. In doing this, he could charge a slightly higher price than other commercial outfits. Despite a tenuous relationship with financial solvency, Folkways grew to be not only one of the most important independent record companies in the United States in the 20th century, but also one of the largest and most influential record companies in the world.

Moses Asch's record labels featured famous and lesser known American writers, poets, documentarians, ethnographers, and grass roots musicians on commercial recordings. American folk icon Woody Guthrie recorded on the Asch, Disc, and Folkways labels, and the Asch Collection includes some of his correspondence, lyrics, drawings, and writings. The collection also includes correspondence with other notable musicians and artists such as John Cage, Langston Hughes, Margaret Walker, Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter, Pete Seeger, Peggy Seeger, Ewan MacColl, Alan Lomax, Henry Cowell, and Kenneth Patchen. Also in the collection are ethnographic field notes and photographs by as well as correspondence with Béla Barók, Sidney Robertson Cowell, Harold Courlander, Helen Creighton, Laura Boulton, and Samuel Charters. Asch hired various prominent artists and graphic designers including David Stone Martin, Ben Shahn, John Carlis, and Ronald Clyne to create album cover art for his recordings. Much of the original art and designs for these covers can be found in the Asch Collection.

Asch's output of recordings on various labels, including published recordings, open reel master tapes, outtakes, and acetate disks, in addition to his business papers, correspondence, photographs, and other files were acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in 1987. The collection came to the Smithsonian with the understanding that all 2168 titles under the Folkways label would be kept available in perpetuity.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 927.27 Cubic feet
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1926-1986
label: Date
content: bulk 1948-1986
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.ASCH
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Business records
label: Type
content: Correspondence
label: Type
content: Phonograph records
label: Type
content: Photographic prints
label: Type
content: Audiotapes
arrangement: label: Arrangement note
content: The collection is arranged in 10 series:

Series 1: Correspondence, 1942-1987

Series 2: Folkways Production, 1946-1987

Series 3: Business Records, 1940-1987

Series 4: Woody Guthrie papers, 1927-1985

Series 5: Early Label Materials, 1940-1949

Series 6: Biographical Materials, 1926-1987

Series 7: Photographs

Series 8: Artwork

Series 9: Audio Recordings

Series 10: Film

At this time, the collection is partially processed. Please contact rinzlerarchives@si.edu for more information.
processinfo: label: Processing Information note
content: An original, basic processing of the Moses and Frances Asch Collection was done following its donation and arrival at the Smithsonian, later augmented by the work of archivist Jeff Place. Following a Preservation Prioritization Survey conducted by Nora Lockshin of the Smithsonian Center for Archives Conservation, the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections received an award from the Collections Care and Preservation Fund to support a more complete processing of the Asch Collection. In 2009-2011, the collection was analyzed and re-organized by Cecilia Peterson to group like materials together in series and chronologically thereafter. Correspondence was additionally arranged alphabetically by last name or corporate name. Basic preservation practices were also employed in the rehousing of materials, removing of fasteners, protection of vulnerable materials, and the removal of highly acidic carbon copies and clippings. The acidic materials were contaminating the collection and were therefore replaced with acid-free copies.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Business records
label: Genre/Form
content: Correspondence
label: Genre/Form
content: Phonograph records
label: Genre/Form
content: Photographic prints
label: Genre/Form
content: Audiotapes
otherfindaid: label: Other Finding Aids note
content: An inventory of the audio recordings in this collection is available.
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The Moses and Frances Asch Collection measures 841 cubic feet and dates from 1926-1987, with some contemporary, relevant correspondence, clippings, and ephemera added after 1987. 

Most of the collection consists of audio recordings (commercial 78 rpm and long-playing records, open reel tapes, acetate discs, and test pressings), correspondence with recording artists and producers, artwork, photographs, ephemera, clippings, record production materials, writings, and business papers relating to Folkways Records. Materials relating to Folkways Records can be found primarily in the Correspondence, Folkways Production, Business Records, Photographs, Artwork, Sound Recordings, and Film series.

The collection also contains some biographical materials and personal correspondence, including materials related to Asch's first business, Radio Laboratories, located in the Biographical Materials series. Correspondence, ephemera, photographs, record production materials, business papers, and recordings relating to Asch's record labels before Folkways Records (Asch Recordings, Disc Company of America, Cub Records) are located in the Early Label Materials series as well as the Audio Recordings and Photographs series.