The Cape Verdean Connection
odd: label: Introduction
content: The Cape Verdean Connection program provided an opportunity for Festival audiences to experience a culture that blends West African and Portuguese elements in unique and moving ways. It also provided a clear perspective on two important aspects of how culture is understood and made part of public discourse at the end of the 20th century. One is the idea of transnationalism - in a sense, the way that culture and community can be seen to be independent of territorial boundaries. The other is the opening of the Smithsonian and other national institutions to new cultural needs.

Cape Verdean culture is produced on both sides of the Atlantic, in communities in the Cape Verde Islands and in New England, California, the Netherlands, France, Senegal, Argentina, and elsewhere. Transnationalism in Cape Verdean society is determined, to be sure, in part by historical and environmental imperatives of dramatic proportions. But this condition is not unique. There are many other culture-bearing groups whose members find it necessary for survival to export their labor and themselves to another country, building new lives there but also sending support and maintaining ties to their old country through a variety of social and cultural organizations. Related cultures are often understood as offspring of an ancestral culture, their separate development explaining cultural differences.

But cultural relationships between such communities may sometimes be understood more concretely as being based in and built upon institutions. Cape Verdeans maintain ties through Cape Verdean-owned ships and shipping companies; family remittances and other economic exchange, such as banking and investments in the home country; print and electronic media that disseminate news of the communities; political parties, which were active in the anticolonial struggle and continue in post-independence politics; and international musical touring circuits and Cape Verdean-owned recording companies that are firmly grounded in Cape Verdean traditional musical genres. These are among this community's tools for cultural survival in a transcontinental context.

Cape Verdean American committees raised a substantial portion of the funds necessary for the Cape Verdean Connection program. In sponsoring the program, the Cape Verdean Americans are not only "discovering" the Smithsonian - that is, planting a Cape Verdean cultural flag and gaining international attention for their magnificent cultural achievements. They are also using institutional means to establish a unified yet richly diverse culture as the bedrock upon which to build a Cape Verdean identity - one that can help its bearers work together to meet the challenges presented by Cape Verdean history and its environment. The Festival, and the Smithsonian of which it is part, became an open forum for this kind of cultural exploration and discussion – amidst vibrant performances of Cape Verdean music and oral traditions and demonstrations of crafts and occupations, from both side of the Atlantic.

John W. Franklin and Peter Seitel were Curators, with Raymond A. Almeida as Senior Program Advisor & Fundraising Coordinator. In Cape Verde, John C. Wahnon was Coordinator of the Gabinete Smithsonian/Cape Verde, and at the Festival Jacqueline Schraad was Program Coordinator.

The Cape Verdean Connection was made possible with the support of the Government of Cape Verde on the occasion of its 20th anniversary of independence; Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation; Cape Verdean American community fundraising committees in Boston, Brockton, Cape Cod, New Bedford, Wareham, Providence/Pawtucket, Hartford, Norwich, Southern California, and Washington, D.C.; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.; NYNEX; Luso-American Development Foundation; Fleet Charitable Trust; Raytheon Co.; the City of New Bedford, Massachusetts; the Town of Wareham, Massachusetts; Bell Atlantic; and the Cape Verdean-American Import/Export Company.
label: Researchers
content: United States

Ronald Barboza, John Braman, Paul Cyr, Maria Resurreição DaSilva, Jose Dias Evora, Ana Fidalgo, Manuel Da Luz Gonçalves, Ulisses Gonçalves, John "Joli" Gonsalves, Virginia Neves Gonsalves, Susan Hurley-Glowa, Joaquim Livramento, James Lopes, Andanilza F. Miranda, Alberto Torres Pereira, Laura Pires-Hester, Ken Semedo, Romana Ramos Silva, Yvonne Marie Smart

Research Team Leaders, Advisors, and Specialists for Gabinete Smithsonian/Cape Verde

Manuel Antonio Barbosa, Maria Alice Barbosa, Josefina A. Chantre, Maria Miguel Estrela, João Gomes, Humberto Lima, Maria Livromento Lima, Osvaldio Osório, José Aureliano Ramos, Joaquim Silva

Additional Research & Photo Documentation

Ray Almeida, Ron Barboza, Beverly Conley, Diana N'Diaye, Pete Reiniger, Peter Seitel, Gunga Tolentino
label: Participants
content: BATUKU, SÃO DOMINGOS, SANTIAGO 

Inácia Maria Gomes ("Nacia Gomi"),  -- batuku --  leader, Ribeira Seca, Santiago, Cape Verde 

António Vaz Cabral ("António Dente d'Or"),  -- batuku --  leader, São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Bernardino Sena Fernandes, 10-string guitar, São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Carlos Hermano C. Ferreira, 10-string guitar, São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Maria dos Reis Afonso,  -- tchabeta -- , São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Maria A. dos Santos de Barros,  -- tchabeta -- , São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Leandra Pereira Leal,  -- tchabeta -- , São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Etelvina Lopes,  -- tchabeta -- , São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Florença Vieira, drums, São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Andradinha Cunha Borges ("Dina"), dance, São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde 

Nuesa Araujo, dance, Boston, Massachusetts, Cape Verde 

Ana Paulo Monteiro, dance, Providence, Rhode Island, Cape Verde 

Vitalina Semedo Tavares,  -- tchabeta -- , São Domingos, Santiago, Cape Verde

FEASTS AND ORAL TRADITIONS

Feast of São João, Santo Antão

Luciano Chantre, drums, Ribeira Grande, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Pedro Lima de Margarida dos Santos, drums, Ribeira Grande, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Teodoro Marcelino Delgado, drums, Corda, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

João Evangelista Pinheiro da Luz, drums, João Afonso, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Feast of São João, Rhode Island

Cleofas Perry ("Bia"),  -- mastro -- , Providence, Rhode Island

Dulce De Andrade ("Dui")  -- mastro -- , Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Antonio Moniz Rodrigues ("Totoi"),  -- mastro -- , Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Oral Traditions

Teresa Alves ("Nha Tintina"), São Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde

Tabanka

Josefa Rosa Ferreira,  -- tabanka --  leader, Vila de Maio, Maio, Cape Verde

Jorge Tavares, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

João Tavares, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Clarence da Graça, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Epifario Corvalho, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Juvenal Fonseca, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Frutuoso Nunes de Pina, Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Dulcelino Nogueira Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Carlos Tavares Silva Moreira ("Pedra"), Varzea, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

COLA

SONG AND DANCE

Lydia Cardoza,  -- coladeira --  ( -- cola --  singer), Dorchester, Massachusetts

Armindo Fernandes,  -- caixeiro --  (drums), Roxbury, Massachusetts

Simao Gomes,  -- canizado --  (mask), Roxbury, Massachusetts

Domingo Pires,  -- caixeiro --  (drums), Dorchester, Massachusetts

Alberto Rodrigues ("Quizinho"), violin,  -- cola --  drums, Dorchester, Massachusetts

Rosa Teixeira,  -- coladeira --  ( -- cola --  singer), Dorchester, Massachusetts

TRAPICHE (SUGAR CANE MILL)

António Manuel da Cruz, barrel maker, Eite de Paúl, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Frederico Jose da Luz,  -- cola boi  -- (oxen) singer, Janela, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Guilherme Medina,  -- cola boi  -- (oxen) singer, Lagedos, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

António da Rosa dos Santos Oliveira,  -- trapiche --  owner, Campo de Cão, Paúl, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

António Jose dos Santos ("Antoninho"), alembic (still) maker, Campa de Cão, Paúl, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

CRAFTS AND OCCUPATIONS

Manuel Fatima Almeida, basket weaver, Porto Novo, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Orlando J. Ribeiro Barreto, stonecutter, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Maria Lopes de Brito ("Maria Paulo"), basket weaver, Manhanga, Picos, Santiago, Cape Verde

Basilio Lima Diago, toy maker, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

João Baptista Fonseca, instrument maker, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Marcelino B. Fortes,  -- kalabedotch --  weaver, Curral das Vacas, Ribeira das Patas, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Miguel João Fortes ("Djei"), basket maker, Ribeira Brava, São Nicolau, Cape Verde

Julio Gomes Lima ("DjuDjui"), street paver, Nova Sintra, Brava, Cape Verde

Adelina Pina Lopes, crochet worker, Nova Sintra, Brava, Cape Verde

Benjamin J. Lopes, longshoreman, Providence, Rhode Island

Antonio Carlos Mosso Monteiro ("Tony"), potter, Rabil, Boa Vista, Cape Verde

João Henrique Monteiro ("Tchukay"), coconut carver, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Raul Monteiro ("Cula"),  -- pano --  weaver, New Bedford, Massachusetts

Domingas da Moura, potter, Fonte Lima, Santiago, Cape Verde

Albertina Jesus Pires ("Betino"), Feast of São João boat builder, Ribeira Grande, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Gabriel Da Rosa, merchant marine, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts

Laura Russel ("Lola"), cranberry worker, Wareham, Massachusetts

Marcelino Santos,  -- pano --  weaver, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Ken Semedo, cranberry worker, West Wareham, Massachusetts

Alcides Rocha Silva, woodcarver, Pero Dias, Santo Antão, Cape Verde

Lourenço da Cruz Soares ("Lela"), boat builder, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Candido Gomes Tavares, basket and hat weaver, Boca Larga, Fondura, Santiago, Cape Verde

José Silva Tavares ("Graçalinho"), potter, Pedra Barra, Santa Catarina, Santiago, Cape Verde

Benjamin de Almeida Teixeira,  -- pano --  weaver, Ilheu, Santiago, Cape Verde

Jose Luis M. da Veiga, street paver, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

FOODWAYS

Hilda Brito, Brava cooking, New Bedford, Massachusetts

Constancia Ferreira Gomes Lima ("Tantcha"), Santo Antão sweets and liqueurs, Lomba de Tanque, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Maria Augusta Faria Lima, São Vicente cooking, Rockville, Maryland

Ambrosina Santos, Santo Antão cooking, Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Adalberta Celina Teixeira Silva, Santiago cooking, Picas, Santiago, Cape Verde

MUSIC

CAPE VERDEAN-AMERICAN DANCE BAND  -- CAPE VERDEAN-AMERICAN DANCE BANDDavid Antunes, bass, South Dartmouth, MassachusettsMike Antunes, saxophone, South Dartmouth, MassachusettsJohn Duarte, violin, New Bedford, MassachusettsJohn Gonsalves ("Joli"), vocals, New Bedford, MassachusettsFeliciano Vierra Tavares ("Flash"), guitar, Hyannis, MassachusettsVictoria Vieira ("Vickie"), vocals, Providence, Rhode Island

MUSIC FROM BRAVA AND THE UNITED STATES

Protazio Brito ("Tazinho"), guitar, New Bedford, Massachusetts

Alcides da Graça,  -- cavaquinho --  (ukulele), New Bedford, Massachusetts

Laurindo da Graça, guitar, New Bedford, Massachusetts

Ivo Pires, violin, Brockton, Massachusetts

URBAN COLADEIRA AND FUNANA

Emanuel Dias Fernandes ("Zeca de Nha Reinalda"), vocals, Assomada, Santiago, Cape Verde

George Jobe, bass, Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Ildo Lobo, vocals, Espargos, Sal, Cape Verde

João Mendes, vocals, Brockton, Massachusetts

Ramiro Mendes, guitar, vocals, Brockton, Massachusetts

Manuel Miranda ("Ne Miranda"), keyboards, Brockton, Massachusetts

Carlos Monteiro, drums, Providence, Rhode Island

MUSIC FROM BOA VISTA

Joaquim Alves ("Quim") guitar,  -- cavaquinho --  (ukulele), Praia, Santiago, Cape Verde

Jose Carlos Silva Brito ("Vozinha"), guitar, Sal Rei, Sal, Cape Verde

Antonio Roque Evangelista Evora ("Taninho"), guitar, Espargos, Sal, Cape Verde

Noel Silva Fortes, violin, Sal Rei, Boa Vista, Cape Verde

Celina Pereira, vocals, Boa Vista, Cape Verde (residing in Portugal)

MUSIC FROM SÃO VICENTE

Malaquias António Costa ("Malaca"), violin, Fonte de Ines, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Adriano Gonçalves ("Bana"), vocals, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde (residing in Portugal)

Manuel Nacimento Gonçalves ("Natal"),  -- cavaquinho --  (ukulele), guitar, Monte Sossego, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Manuel de Jesus Lopes ("Manuel d'Novos") guitar, Chã Cemitério, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Luis Morais, saxophone, clarinet, flute, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Titina Rodriguez, vocals, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde (residing in Portugal)

Teresa Lopes Silva, vocals, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

Luisa Teresa da Graça Vaz, vocals, Mindelo, São Vicente, Cape Verde

MUSIC FROM FOGO

Augusto de Pina ("Augusto Cego"), violin, São Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde

Teodolindo Sedo Pontes ("Mino de Mama"), Gaita (accordion), São Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde

Américo Rodrigues ("Denda"),  -- cavaquinho --  (ukulele), Cova Figueira, Fogo, Cape Verde

Casimiro Santos da Rosa ("Nho Casimiro"), 10-string guitar, São Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde

Antero Simas, guitar, Pretoria, Sal, Cape Verde

FUNANA

Teresa Gonçalveys Fortado ("Kinta Bela"), dance, Pedra Badejo, Santiago, Cape Verde

Simão Lopes ("Serna Lopi"),  -- gaita --  (accordion), Ribeira Seca, Santiago, Cape Verde

Simão Ramos ("Mimosa"),  -- ferrinho --  (iron bar), Pedra Badejo, Santiago, Cape Verde
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1995 Festival of American Folklife
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1995, Series 2
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials