The Caribbean: Cultural Encounters in the New World
odd: label: Introducción
content: La región del Caribe abarca una riqueza de culturas que han evolucionado a lo largo de siglos de complejas, turbulentas y profundas interacciones -dentro de un área geográfica limitada- entre los pueblos indígenas de la zona, europeos de varios países, pueblos de África Occidental y, en algunos casos, trabajadores contratados de la India y Asia Oriental. El programa caribeño del Festival de 1989 no fue sino una de las muchas formas de mostrar las tradiciones culturales del Caribe. El programa trazaba la integración creativa y la síntesis de nuevas tradiciones culturales a partir de elementos de origen diverso que se habían yuxtapuesto o habían coexistido previamente de forma independiente. Las actuaciones musicales y rituales y las demostraciones gastronómicas no se limitaron a trazar la persistencia estática de rasgos culturales indígenas, africanos o europeos en el Caribe, sino que ilustraron su transmutación en una nueva amalgama cultural que constituye la base de la identidad emergente. Este surgimiento se produce no sólo en el Caribe, sino también en el territorio continental de Estados Unidos, cuyas ciudades del este se han convertido en refugios para los pueblos desheredados del Caribe.

Las tradiciones criollas del Caribe invitan a los visitantes del Festival a reflexionar no sólo sobre nuestro complejo pasado, sino también sobre nuestro futuro cultural. En 1989, Estados Unidos ya no era un mero espectador o manipulador de las lejanas transformaciones caribeñas, sino también un escenario de continuas innovaciones culturales. Así, el programa de 1989 reunió a músicos de folk, practicantes de rituales, intérpretes de folk y cocineros de las islas de las Antillas para demostrar las interrelaciones entre culturas nativas, europeas, africanas e incluso asiáticas que dieron lugar a la creación de nuevas formas culturales. En la región del Caribe conviven personas de diversas etnias. Aunque no comparten indiscriminadamente una cultura común homogénea, sus modos de vida se entrecruzan y entremezclan. El programa del Festival sólo podía empezar a rastrear algunas de las tradiciones culturales que están en la raíz de estas complejas, singulares y dinámicas expresiones caribeñas.

Olivia Cadaval ejerció de Curadora del Programa, con Heliana Portes de Roux como Curadora Asociada. Elizabeth Robb fue Coordinadora del Programa y María Isabel Prieto Coordinadora Adjunta del Programa.

El programa caribeño fue posible, en parte, gracias al Music Performance Trust Funds y al gobierno de Jamaica, el gobierno de Puerto Rico, American Airlines y Marazul Charters.
label: Introduction
content: The Caribbean region encompasses a wealth of cultures that have evolved over centuries of complex, turbulent, and profound interactions - within a limited geographical area - among the indigenous peoples of the area, Europeans from several countries, peoples from West Africa, and in some cases, indentured servants from India and East Asia. The Caribbean program at the 1989 Festival was but one of many ways to present Caribbean cultural traditions. The program traced the creative integration and synthesis of new cultural traditions from elements of diverse origin that had been juxtaposed or had previously coexisted independently. The music and ritual performances and foodways demonstrations did not merely trace the static persistence of indigenous, African, or European culture traits in the Caribbean, but instead illustrated their transmutation into a fresh cultural amalgam forming the base of emergent identity. This emergence occurs not only in the Caribbean but also in the mainland United States, whose eastern cities have become havens for disinherited peoples of the Caribbean.

The creole traditions of the Caribbean invite Festival visitors to think not only about our complex past, but our cultural future as well. By 1989, the United States was no longer a mere spectator or manipulator of distant Caribbean transformations, but also an arena for ongoing cultural innovation. The 1989 program thus brought together folk musicians, ritual practitioners, folk performers, and cooks from the islands of the Antilles to demonstrate the interactions between Native, European, African, and even Asian cultures that resulted in the creation of new cultural forms. In the Caribbean region people of diverse ethnicity live side by side. Though they do not indiscriminately share a uniform common culture, their lifeways crisscross and intermingle. The Festival program could only begin to trace some of the cultural traditions at the root of these complex, unique, and dynamic Caribbean expressions.

Olivia Cadaval served as Curator of the program, with Heliana Portes de Roux as Associate Program Curator. Elizabeth Robb was Program Coordinator and Maria Isabel Prieto was Assistant Program Coordinator.

The Caribbean program was made possible, in part, by the Music Performance Trust Funds and the government of Jamaica, the government of Puerto Rico, American Airlines, and Marazul Charters.
label: Trabajadores de campo (Fieldworkers)
content: Kenneth Bilby, Jesús Blanco, David Brown, Martha Ellen Davis, Maurice Gordon, John Homiak, Aisha Kahn, Olive Lewin, René López, Israel Moliner, Danilo Orozco, Emerante de Pradines, Nydia Ríos de Colón, Stephen Stuempfle, Héctor Vega, Thomas Vennum, Jr.
label: Presentadores (Presenters)
content: David Brown, John Homiak, Olive Lewin, Hazel McClune, Israel Moliner, Danilo Orozco, Jorge Pérez, Emerante de Pradines, Nydia Ríos de Colón, Daniel Sheehy
label: Participantes (Participants)
content: Cuba

Grupo Afro Cuba de Matanzas  -- Grupo Afro Cuba de MatanzasFrancisco "Minini" Zamora, director, singer, Matanzas, CubaPedro "Regalao" Aballi, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaBárbara Aldazabal, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaHortensia "Virulilla" Alfonso, singer, Matanzas, CubaReinaldo "Buchichi" Alfonso, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaBertina Aranda, singer, Matanzas, CubaRamón "Sandy" García, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaReinaldo "Nardo" Govés, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaSara Govés Villamil, singer, Matanzas, CubaPedro "Pello" Tapalnes, percussionist, Matanzas, Cuba

Grupo Changüí de Guantánamo  -- Grupo Changüí de GuantánamoCarlos Barromeo Planchet, percussionist, Guantánamo, CubaAndrés Fistó, percussionist, bongoplayer, Guantánamo, CubaArsenio Martínez, percussionist, Guantánamo, CubaSaturnino Mendoza, string musician, Guantánamo, CubaEvelia Noblet, dancer, Guantánamo, CubaJosé Oliveras, percussionist, tres player, Guantánamo, CubaAntonio Tijeros, percussionist, maracas player, Guantánamo, Cuba

Son Traditional Rural  -- Son Traditional RuralFélix Varela Miranda, drum maker, guitarist, La Habana, Cuba

Cuarteto Patria y Compay Segundo  -- Cuarteto Patria y Compay SegundoArmando Machado Casaco, bass guitarist, Provincia de Oriente, CubaEliades Ochoa Bustamente, guitarist, singer, Provincia de Oriente, CubaFrancisco Repilado Muñoz, guitarist, singer, Provincia de Oriente, CubaJoaquín Emilio Solórzano Benítez, percussionist, Provincia de Oriente, CubaBenito Suárez Magana, guitarist, Provincia de Oriente, Cuba

Familia Oviedo  -- Familia OviedoIsaac Oviedo, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaErnesto Oviedo, percussionist, Matanzas, CubaJulio Oviedo, guitarist, singer, Matanzas, CubaErnesto Oviedo, Jr., guitarist, singer, Matanzas, Cuba

Jamaica

Kumina Band  -- Kumina BandElijah Alexander, 1929-, drummer, drum maker, singer, Kingston, JamaicaAaron Bailey, 1979-, dancer, Kingston, JamaicaMyrtle Bailey, 1934-, dancer, singer, Kingston, JamaicaJames Jonathan, 1946-, percussionist, Kingston, JamaicaBertram Kelly, 1921-, drummer, drum maker, singer, Kingston, JamaicaClinton Kennedy, 1931-, percussionist, Kingston, JamaicaImogene "Queenie" Kennedy, 1928-, singer, dancer, healer, Kikongo speaker, Kingston, Jamaica

Maroons

Charles Aarons, 1929-, drummer, drum maker, singer, Moore Town, Jamaica

Hermine Daure, dancer, singer, Moore Town, Jamaica

Martha Downer, 1931-, dancer, singer, Moore Town, Jamaica

C.L.G. (Collin Lloyd George) Harris, 1917-, Colonel of Windward Maroons, leader, Twi speaker, cook, Moore Town, Jamaica

George Harris, 1926-, drum maker, drummer, singer,  -- abeng --  blower, Moore Town, Jamaica

Phyllis Myers, 1925-, dancer, singer, cook, Moore Town, Jamaica

Sydney McDonald, dancer, singer, Twi speaker, Moore Town, Jamaica

Nyabingi Rastas

George S. Bent, 1934- master  -- ketay  -- drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Lynda Bailey, 1933-, chanter, Clarendon, Jamaica

Eadley Bailey, 1934-, bass drummer, St. Thomas, Jamaica

Jennifer Brown, 1961-, chanter, Trelawny, Jamaica

Pamela Bent, chanter, Clarendon, Jamaica

Fritz Dudley Elliott, drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Stephan Fraser, 1939-,  -- fundeh  -- drummer, chanter, St. Andrew, Jamaica

Terrance Joel Gordon, 1932-,  -- fundeh  -- drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Pedman W. Golding, 1931-, dub poet, bass drummer, St. Andrew, Jamaica

Ruben Drio German, drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Donovan Gilmore, drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Theresa Graham, chanter, Bull Bay, Jamaica

Winston Jenkins, drummer, St. Andrew, Jamaica

Victor Emmanuel Reid, drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Lucena Williams, 1934-, chanter, St. Andrew, Jamaica

Frank Worrell, drummer, Clarendon, Jamaica

Crafts and Foodways

Maurice Fabian Clarke, thatch builder, Clarendon, Jamaica

Cassilda Findley, 1935-, cassava cook, singer, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica

Una Amanda Griffiths, 1918-, cassava cook, singer, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica

Puerto Rico

Marcial Reyes y Sus Pleneros  -- Marcial Reyes y Sus PlenerosMarcial Reyes, leader, percussionist, singer, Bayamón, Puerto RicoAntonio Juan Bones, percussionist, singer, Bayamón, Puerto RicoJosé Calderón, dancer, Bayamón, Puerto RicoEva Hernández, singer, Bayamón, Puerto RicoEnrique Martínez, percussionist, Bayamón, Puerto RicoMilagros Mojita, dancer, Bayamón, Puerto RicoJosé Ramírez Rivera, 1953-, percussionist, Bayamón, Puerto RicoJosé "Frankie" Sepúlveda Hernández, percussionist, Bayamón, Puerto RicoRicardo Sepúlveda Hernández, percussionist, Bayamón, Puerto RicoEduardo Walker, percussionist, singer, Bayamón, Puerto Rico

Cuerdas de Borinquen  -- Cuerdas de BorinquenAníbal Alvarado Negrón, 1943-, guiro player, Ponce, Puerto RicoEdicelio Caraballo, 1962-, trovador, singer, Guanico, Puerto RicoEdwin Hernández Rodríguez, 1950-, bass guitarist, Ponce, Puerto RicoVictor Rafaél Hernández Figueroa, 1945-, trovador, Ponce, Puerto RicoJuan Montalvo Cruz, 1938-, cuatro player, Peñuelas, Puerto RicoElvin Pérez Matos, 1962-, cuatro player, Peñuelas, Puerto RicoMartín de Jesús Rodríguez, 1960-, singer, guiro and bongo player, Villalba, Puerto RicoConrado Albino Torres, 1970-, guitarist, Peñuelas, Puerto Rico

Foodways

Susan Llequis García, 1940-, cook, Santurce, Puerto Rico

Haiti

Voudoun Group de Madame Nerva  -- Voudoun Group de Madame NervaConstant "Madame Nerva" Delfine, mambo leader, dancer, singer, Jacmel, HaitiMadili Charles, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiTerzilia Celestin, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiCelanie Constant, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiDenise Caulin, drummer, Jacmel, HaitiGenilia Collin, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiSeymour Janvier, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiHerby Lindor, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiGuerda Malique, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiSt. Etienne Mardi, laplace, Jacmel, HaitiCharlene Sanon Polone, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiLouis Roosevelt, master drummer, Jacmel, HaitiMarie Guerda Simplice, dancer, Jacmel, HaitiJaques Simplice, drummer, Jacmel, Haiti

Foodways -- FoodwaysMaria Gina Cesar, cook, Jacmel, Haiti

Community Concert

Son de la Loma -- Son de la LomaFrankie Acevedo, singer, guiroplayer, New York, New YorkJosé Chichi, trumpeter, New York, New YorkTito Contreras, maracasplayer, singer, New York, New YorkLeo Flemming, bass guitarist, New York, New YorkJoe Gonzales, bongoplayer, New York, New YorkHelio García, trumpeter, New York, New YorkMarcelino Guerra, singer, clavesplayer, New York, New YorkLourdes López, chekere player, New York, New YorkAlbertina Márquez, guitarist, New York, New YorkIrene Pérez, tres player, New York, New YorkArmando Sánchez, conga player, New York, New York

Masterful  -- MasterfulPierre Belony, guitarist, singer, Washington, D.C.Serge Bellegarde, 1949-, keyboardist, Washington, D.C.Pierre Richard Content, drummer, percussionist, Washington, D.C.Carlo Camille, percussionist, Washington, D.C.Gertie Gatson, singer, percussionist, Washington, D.C.Delroy Headley, bass guitarist, Washington, D.C.Marco Limus, trombonist, Washington, D.C.Pierre Pen, conga player, Washington, D.C.
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1989 Festival of American Folklife
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1989, Series 3
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials