Mexican & Mexican American Traditions
odd: label: Introducción
content: México es un país de ricas tradiciones musicales. Cada uno de sus numerosos grupos indígenas tiene sus propios repertorios, acontecimientos y tradiciones musicales. Entre los habitantes de las grandes ciudades hay muchas "comunidades de gustos", que van desde las preferencias por la música clásica occidental hasta la música popular internacional y de protesta. Los mestizos rurales (una mezcla de poblaciones y culturas españolas y amerindias) también mantienen una variedad de tradiciones musicales. La música mestiza, junto con las tradiciones afines entre los mexicoamericanos, se incluyó en el Festival de 1978.

La representación mexicana contó con bailarines, músicos y cantantes de los estados mexicanos de Puebla, Michoacán, Guerrero y Veracruz. Todos los grupos procedían de la zona central de México, donde se asentó la mayor concentración de población colonial, por lo que los visitantes pudieron apreciar una fuerte, aunque no exclusiva, influencia española en su música. Los instrumentos derivan de prototipos coloniales españoles, aunque el tambor utilizado por el grupo de Puebla es una variante moderna del antiguo huehuetl azteca. Las melodías procedían de fuentes españolas y europeas, pero mostraban una clara mexicanización de estas tradiciones musicales. Como gran parte de la cultura tradicional mexicana, la música presentada en el Festival fue el producto único de sus ricos orígenes históricos y regionales.

Las presentaciones de artesanía y gastronomía mexicoamericanas exploraron algunas tradiciones transplantadas desde México y otras que fueron desarrolladas o adaptadas en Estados Unidos por una cultura de gran riqueza creativa. Tanto en México como en Estados Unidos las tradiciones varían mucho, por lo que las artesanías y artes caseras presentadas representan sólo una parte de la cultura popular mexicoamericana. Las artesanías y las artes caseras de las comunidades mexicoamericanas demostraron cómo la creatividad y el deseo de belleza impregnan las actividades cotidianas del hogar y el trabajo, así como los acontecimientos especiales de las fiestas y celebraciones.

El programa Mexican & Mexican American contó con el apoyo de Coca-Cola de México y Aid to Artisans, Inc. Las presentaciones del Festival formaron parte de una celebración y exploración de la cultura mexicana de un año de duración titulada "México hoy", organizada en cooperación con el Gobierno de México y patrocinada por el Fondo Nacional para las Humanidades, el Fondo Nacional para las Artes y la Fundación Interamericana.
label: Introduction
content: Mexico is a land of many musical traditions. Each of its many Indian groups has its own musical systems, occasions, and repertories. Among large-city dwellers there are many "communities of taste," ranging from preferences for Western classical music to international popular and protest music. The rural mestizos (a mixture of Spanish and Amerindian populations and cultures) also maintain a variety of musical traditions. Mestizo music, along with related traditions among Mexican Americans, was included in the 1978 Festival.

The Mexican presentation featured dancers, musicians, and singers from the Mexican states of Puebla, Michoacán, Guerrero, and Veracruz. All the groups came from the central area of Mexico where the largest concentration of colonial population settled and thus visitors could see a heavy, but not exclusive, Spanish influence in their music. Instruments derived from colonial Spanish prototypes, although the drum used by the Puebla group is a modern variant of the ancient Aztec huehuetl. Melodies derived from Spanish and other European sources, but showed the distinct Mexicanization of these musical traditions. Like so much of Mexico's traditional culture, the music presented at the Festival was the unique product of its rich historical and regional origins.

The Mexican American crafts and foodways presentations explored some traditions transplanted from Mexico and some that were developed or adapted in the United States by a richly creative culture. Both in Mexico and the United States, traditions vary widely; thus the featured crafts and household arts represent only part of the Mexican American folk culture. The crafts and household arts of Mexican American communities demonstrated how creativity and the desire for beauty pervade the everyday activities of home and work as well as the special events of holidays and celebrations.

The Mexican & Mexican American program received support from Coca-Cola de México and Aid to Artisans, Inc. The Festival presentations were part of a larger, year-long celebration and exploration of Mexican culture entitled "Mexico Today", organized in cooperation with the Government of Mexico and sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities, National Endowment for the Arts and Inter-American Foundation.
label: Participantes (Participants)
content: Mexican

Alberto Hernández Carmona, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Carlos Cervantes Mora, musician, Michoacán, Mexico

Fortino Hoz Chávez, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Ramón Hoz Chávez, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Zacarias Salmerón Daza, musician, Guerrero, Mexico

Salomón Echeverría de la Paz, musician, Guerrero, Mexico

Raúl Vázquez Diaz, dancer, Veracruz, Mexico

Leonardo Reyes Domínguez, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Damián Rivera Gómez, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Aureliano Orta Juárez, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Francisca Orta Juárez, dancer, Veracruz, Mexico

Martín Ruiz Luciano, musician, Guerrero, Mexico

Ruben Cuerias Maldonado, musician, Michoacán, Mexico

Jesús Espinoza Mendoza, musician, Michoacán, Mexico

Evaristo Dilva Reyes, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Nicolás G. Salmerón, musician, Guerrero, Mexico

Juan Taviera Simón, musician, Guerrero, Mexico

José Aguirre Vera, musician, Veracruz, Mexico

Ricardo Gutiérrez Villa, musician, Michoacán, Mexico

Ovaldo Rios Yáñez, musician, Michoacán, Mexico

Mexican American

Pedro B. Ayala, 1945-, musician, Donna, Texas

Maria Chávez, cook, Washington, D.C.

Lorenzo Cruz, musician, Houston, Texas

Rosa Estanislada de Haro, 1917-1984, candy maker, El Paso, Texas

Rubén Delgado, 1955-, silversmith, Los Angeles, California

Herminia Enrique, singer, storyteller, San Diego, California

Alejandro Gómez, 1920-, woodcarver, Tucson, Arizona

Agustín González, musician, singer, Houston, Texas

Maria González, musician, singer, Houston, Texas

Marilú González, singer, Houston, Texas

Raul González, musician, Houston, Texas

René González, musician, Houston, Texas

Ricardo González, musician, Houston, Texas

Robert González, musician, singer, Houston, Texas

Julia López, 1919-, lace maker, weaver, Los Angeles, California

Efrim R. Michi, musician, Houston, Texas

Emiliano Peña, 1914-1996, saddle maker, Rosemead, California

Gerald Sánchez, musician, Houston, Texas
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
topic: label: Topic
content: Música tradicional -- Mexico
label: Topic
content: Música hispanoamericana
label: Topic
content: Chicanos
label: Topic
content: Chicanos -- Usos y costumbres
label: Topic
content: Hispanonorteamericanos
label: Topic
content: Mexicans
label: Topic
content: Mexican Americans -- Music
label: Topic
content: Mexican American arts
label: Topic
content: Mexican Americans -- Social life and customs
label: Topic
content: Mexican-American Border Region
label: Topic
content: Mexican American folk art
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1978 Festival of American Folklife
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1978, Series 8
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials