Old Ways in the New World
odd: label: Introduction
content: America is a nation of immigrants who brought with them music and dance, crafts and skills from their communities in the Old World. Although little in the way of material possessions may have been carried to their new homes by the immigrants, they carried in their minds and hearts other treasures: stories, ballads, dances, crafts and culinary customs. Some of these expressions have survived intact: in others, the new environment wrought changes in style, content or meaning. In the Old Ways in the New World area of the Festival each presentation was a celebration of shared ways as craftspeople, musicians and dancers from abroad and their American counterparts came together to carry on traditions particularly strong on festive occasions.

Old Ways was concerned with the presentation of elements of group identity. Here the point of focus was the cultural baggage that newcomers - early and late, forced and willing - brought to North America and creatively used in maintaining their unique sense of community. These traditions serve to reinforce, reassure and stabilize people struggling to survive in an unaccustomed environment. The 1974 Festival feature three programs: Scandinavians and Scandinavian Americans, Tunisians and Tunisian Canadians, and Greeks and Greek Americans.

The Scandinavian fiddle tradition was the foundation on which the Scandinavian presentation was based. A traditional fiddlers' procession was one of the highlights of the area daily (July 3-7). The fiddle is played as a solo instrument, in concert with other fiddles or other instruments, and as the accompaniment for folk and old time dancing. Norwegian folksongs and singing games and Swedish immigrant songs. All music and dancing events took place on the Scandinavian stage or in the informal stage in the kaffestova, the Norwegian coffee shop. Finnish, as well as Swedish and Norwegian cooking were demonstrated.

Festival visitors could join Tunisians from the Old and New Worlds in celebrating folk traditions that afford them a common cultural identity. Participants in the Tunisian presentation included thirty musicians and dancers, as well as craftspeople from Tunis and the SahiI, and twenty emigrants from these regions who now live in Montreal, Quebec. The program featured a variety of musical traditions, some associated with specific social activities and some associated with specific regions of Tunisia. Tunisian food added to the festivities. In the Tunisian crafts tent, artisans gave continuous demonstrations of four traditional crafts that thrive in Tunisia: carpet weaving, musical instrument making, metal smithery, and embroidery on heavy canvas.

Musicians, dancers and singers from two culturally distinct Greek communities, the Pontic and the Karpathian, met their American counterparts on the Mall during the second week of the Old Ways in the New World program. Pontic traditions were represented by performers from Northern Greece and the greater New York area. Karpathians from Baltimore, New York City and Vancouver presented their traditions along with relatives and friends from the islands of Karpathos and Rhodes and the port of Athens. The kafeneion, or cafe, is the center of all social activity in the Greek community. Thematic workshops were held at the kafeneion; topics for discussion and demonstration included comparative musical forms, music, song and dance traditions as related to the life cycle, backgammon instruction as well as song and dance workshops. A special feature of this program was the glendi, the community celebration of feasting, music-making and dancing observed at all festive occasions.

The Old Ways in the New World program was coordinated by Shirley Cherkasky, assisted by Carla Borden and Suzanne Cox. An advisory group included Conrad Arensberg, Svatava Pirkova Jakobson, Alan Lomax, and David McAIIester. Major sponsors included the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, the Governments of Finland, Sweden, and Freece, and - for the Tunisian program - Mr. Habib Bourguiba, Jr., President of the Association des banques, and Mr. Abdellatif Khemakhem, President of the Institut national de productivité.

The program continued in 1975 and during the Bicentennial Festival in 1976.
label: Fieldworkers
content: Tunisian Area

Carole Cornell, Field Research and Presentation Specialist; Sami Hanna, Consultant on Arabic Cultures

Scandinavian Area

Gordon Tracie, Field Research and Presentation Specialist; Kevin Hoeschen, Field Researcher; Heddy-mai Tall, Field Researcher

Greek Area

Ethel Raim, Martin Koenig, Field Research and Program Directors for Balkan and Eastern European Cultures
label: Participants
content: Finnish

Raita Hilja Karpo, 1941-, singer, Klaukkala, Finland

Timo Koski, 1929-, accordionist, clarinetist, Leppävaara, Finland

Urho Myllymäki, 1917-, accordionist, fiddler

Tuuri Niskanen, 1899-, fiddler, Laukhala, Finland

Orvokki Liisi Ramsi, 1915-, fiddler, Suomenniemi, Finland

Hannu Syrjälahti, 1950-, kantele player, Otaniemi, Finland

Norwegian

Edvin Flåm, 1945-, dancer, accordionist, Sogn, Norway

Randi Før, 1948-, dancer, Valdres, Norway

Sverre Gjevre, 1947-, accordionist, Lysaker, Norway

Harald Gullikstad, 1939-, fiddler, Oslo, Norway

Ingrid Gullikstad, 1943-, dancer, Oslo, Norway

Torstein Engebret Hanserud, 1945-, dancer, Hallingdal, Norway

Olav Nyhus, fiddler, Oslo, Norway

Liv Nyhus, 1940-, dancer, Oslo, Norway

Sven Nyhus, 1932, hardanger fiddler, Oslo, Norway

Ola Øraker, 1948-, dancer, Oslo, Norway

Ingar Ranheim, 1953-, halling dancer, Valdres, Norway

Jan Arne Sebuødegård, 1950-, hardanger fiddler, Valdres, Norway

Arne Sølvberg, 1950-, hardanger fiddler, Sogn, Norway

Liv Stedje, 1947-, dancer, interpreter, Sogn, Norway

Inger Viken, 1958-, dancer,  -- langeleik --  player, Valdres, Norway

Swedish

Jonas Borgmastars, fiddler, Esse, Finland

Lars Hjerpe, fiddler, Forsby, Finland

Karl-Ivar Hildeman, 1919-, folk ballad scholar, Bromma, Sweden

Per Anders Jakobsson, 1955-, fiddler, Dalarna, Sweden

Johan Larsson, 1902-, dance teacher

Knut Erik Moraeus, 1920-, fiddler

Lars Olov Moraeus, 1955-, fiddler, Orsa, Sweden

Per Erik Moraeus, 1950-, fiddler, Orsa, Sweden

Kungs Anders Levi Nilsson, fiddler

Walter Ramsby, 1921-, clarinet, horn player, Korskrogen, Sweden

Anders Sparf, 1915-, fiddler

Björn Ståbi, fiddler

Anna Viveca Sundström, 1949-, dancer

Finnish Americans

Edward Auvinen, 1927-1995, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Helvie Auvinen, 1934-, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Edith Hedvig Hakamaa, 1921-1998, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Eino Armas Hakamaa, 1911-1997, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Pearl F. Jarvi, 1928-, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Veikko M. Jarvi, 1913-2000, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Elsie Ilona Nevala, 1926-, accordionist, Ironwood, Michigan

Sylvia Emmi Niemi, 1919-2000, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Beatrice Ojakangas, cook, Duluth, Minnesota

Teuvo Johannes Rajala, 1932-2004, dancer, Ironwood, Michigan

Norwegian Americans

Leonard Finseth, 1911-1991, fiddler

Arnold Hanson, 1918-1996, harmonica player, Spring Grove, Minnesota

Robert Kaufman, rosemaler, Reston, Virginia

Asbjørn Nordheim, 1936-, dancer, Seattle, Washington

Hazel Omodt, 1913-1985, piano accompanist

Anund Roheim, 1913-1999, hardanger fiddler

Carol Ann Sersland, 1956-, dancer

Harold K. Sersland, 1897-1992, dancer

William Sherburne, 1903-1991, fiddler

Audun Toven, 1936-, dancer, singer, Takoma, Washington

Swedish Americans

Paul S. Dahlin, 1954-, fiddler

Bruce D. Johnson, 1946-, fiddler

Edwin W. Johnson, 1905-1984, fiddler, fiddle maker

Olga E. Nilsen, 1896-1985, singer

Paul Simonson, 1903-1992, accordionist, fiddle, Roberts, Wisconsin

Greek

Karpathian

Vassilios Halkias, bagpipe player, Karpathos, Greece

Michael Gioutlos, lyra player

George Kanakis, singer, Karpathos, Greece

Antonios Katiniaris, lyra player

Manolis Kritikos, dancer, Karpathos, Greece

Alke Kyriakidou Nestoros, folklorist

Maria Nicolaidis, singer, dancer, Rhodes, Greece

Ioannis Pavlidis, 1932-, lyra player

Kosmas Pavlidis, lyra player

George Prearis, laouta player, Karpathos, Greece

Vassilios Sofillas, singer, Karpathos, Greece

Antonios Zografidis, bagpipe player, Karpathos, Greece

Pontic

Demetrios Amirides, dancer, Thessaloniki, Greece

Hristos Aramatanides, dancer, Kozari, Greece

Grigorios Arzoglou, group liaison, Thessaloniki, Greece

Kostas Assimakopoulos, dancer, Thessaloniki, Greece

Victor Assimakopoulos, dancer

Apostolos Athanasiades, lyra player

Panagiotis Haitides, lyra player, Kozani, Greece

Hristoros Hristoforides,  -- zurna --  player, Kozani, Greece

Athena Kalliga, liaison, interpreter, Athens, Greece

Ioannis Kalpatsinides, bagpipe player, Serrai, Greece

Efstathios Karamanlides, lyra player, Kozani, Greece

Georgeous Koujoumdjides, lyra player

Kostikas Kostandinides, lyra player, Thessaloniki, Greece

Kostas Kyriazes, lyra player, Thessaloniki, Greece

Antonios Panzerides, singer

Georgous Papadopoulos,  -- daoul --  player, Kozani, Greece

Kostas Papadopoulos, accordion player, Kozani, Greece

Lazaros Papadopoulos, clarinet player, Kozani, Greece

Theodoros Pugarides, singer, dancer

Greek Americans

Pontic

Alexis Afentoulides, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Nicolaos Afentoulides, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Vassilios Afentoulides, 1928-2012, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Todoros Amanatides, dancer, Astoria, New York

Elias Kementzides, 1926-2006, lyra player, Norwalk, Connecticut

Berthanna Kyreakedes, 1909-2001, dancer, singer

John Kyreakedes, 1902-1993, dancer, singer

Andy Mendekides, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Manolis Papadopoulos, 1928-1991, lyra player, Astoria, New York

Eleni Toromanides, 1928-2010, cook, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Harry Toromanides, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Sophie Toromanides, dancer, cook, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Tommy Toromanides, dancer, Dobbs Ferry, New York

Ioannis Tsilifides, dancer, Norwalk, Connecticut

Karpathian

Olympian Brothers of America, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland

Tunisia

Mehrez Achour,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Youssef Ayadi,  -- qarqannah --  dancer

Mohamed Barbirou, 1930-,  -- sulamiyyah

Hedi Bellasfar, instrument maker

Abdel-Aziz Ben Mahmoud, 1922-,  -- sulamiyyah

Abderrahman Ben Mahmoud, 1926-,  -- sulamiyyah

Badreddine Ben Mahmoud, 1935-,  -- sulamiyyah

Soliman Ben Mahmoud, 1939-,  -- sulamiyyah

Jelal Ben Smida, escort, interpreter

Salem Boudhina, narrative singer

Habib Boujemil,  -- qarqannah --  dancer

Zohra Boukil, embroiderer

Abdelwahab Chaal, 1933-,  -- sulamiyyah

Ahmed Chehini, 1929-,  -- sulamiyyah

Malika Dabloune, dancer

Khedija Dhaoui, dancer

Abdelnajid Ben Salah Djelassi, metalsmith

Hamadi Gharbi,  -- qarqannah --  dancer

Khemais Hanafi,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Mohamed Taieb Handous, 1927-,  -- sulamiyyah

Hedi Ben Hattab Jouini,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Hayet Labidi, dancer

Jamila Ben Amor Majeri, carpet maker

Khira Manai, dancer

Abdellaziz Ben Mansour,  -- sulamiyyah

Jaloul Osman,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Mokhtar Slama,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Habib Trabelsi,  -- qarqannah --  dancer

Fethi Zeghounda,  -- ma'luf --  musician

Ferida Zdiri, dancer

Tunisian Canadians

Monji Amara, 1937-, singer, Montreal, Quebec

Chedli Bejaoui, 1939-, singer, Longueuil, Quebec

Abdallah Bel Hadj, 1944-, cook, Ville Lemoyne, Quebec

Aly Boujallabia, 1944-, singer, Longueuil, Quebec

Abdelaziz Chaieb, 1943-, singer, Montreal, Quebec

Habib Chouaya, 1942-, cook, Montreal, Quebec

Samira Chouaya, dancer, cook, Montreal, Quebec

Mohamed Daussi, bagpipe player

Mohamed Flis, 1939-, singer, Toronto, Ontario

Mrs. Mohamed Flis, dancer, Toronto, Ontario

Mustapha Hammas, 1944-,  -- darbukah --  player, Montreal, Quebec

Hedi Hanrouni,  -- darbukah --  player, Chambly, Quebec

Hedi Louati, 1944-, singer, Downsview, Ontario

Janette Louati, 1954-, dancer, Downsview, Ontario

Salah Rahouma, 1939-,  -- ma'luf --  musician, Montreal, Quebec

Moncef Saber, 1945-, singer, Montreal, Quebec

Hamadi M. Seghair, 1936-, interpreter, Montreal, Quebec

Lisia Taiachi, dancer, cook, Ville Lemoyne, Quebec

Moktar Taiachi, 1937-, cook, Ville Lemoyne, Quebec
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
setName: label: See more items in
content: Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1974 Festival of American Folklife
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
identifier: label: Identifier
content: CFCH.SFF.1974, Series 7
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials