Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil Invention Papers
name: label: Composer
content: Antheil, George, 1900-1959
label: Actor
content: Lamarr, Hedy (1914-2000)
label: Names
content: National Inventors Council (U.S.)
topic: label: Topic
content: Inventions -- 20th century
label: Topic
content: Inventors -- 20th century
label: Topic
content: Patents
label: Topic
content: Torpedoes
label: Topic
content: Women inventors -- 20th century
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: Collection donated by Denise Loder Deluca, daughter of Hedy Lamarr, 2023.
creator: label: Composer
content: Antheil, George, 1900-1959
label: Actor
content: Lamarr, Hedy (1914-2000)
setName: label: See more items in
content: Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil Invention Papers
abstract: label: Summary
content: Collection documents the invention work of Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil for a Secret Communication System (US Patent 2,292,387).
bioghist: label: Historical
content: Hedy Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in Vienna, Austria in 1914. She was the only child of Emil Kiesler, the director of a bank and Gertrud Kiesler, a concert pianist. Hedwig took ballet and piano lessons as a child and then studied acting under director Max Reinhardt in Berlin. In 1933, the Austrian munitions dealer Friedrich "Fritz" Mandl saw Hedwig perform in the play Sissy in Vienna, and they were married later that year. Hedy left Mandl in 1937 and went to England where she met Louis B. Mayer, a film producer and co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studios who got her a ticket to Hollywood, where she starred in a roster of films including Algiers (1938), White Cargo (1942), Tortilla Flat (1942), and Samson and Delilah (1949).

 
George Antheil (1900-1959) was born in Trenton, New Jersey to Henry William Antheil and Wilhemine Huse Antheil. He studied music theory and composition with Constantin von Sternberg, in Philadelphia and composition with Ernest Bloch in New York City. While living in France in the 1920s, Antheil was part of the avant-garde scene and composed modern music, writing several operas and orchestral works. He patented "Appareil et papier pour l'inscription de la musique" (device and paper for recording music). The invention was an electrical apparatus that, through contact with a piano keyboard, recorded notes to be played on a moving roll of paper. He received French patent 578,777 on July 11, 1924. In 1933, Antheil returned to the United States and moved to Hollywood where he composed primarily film scores.   

In 1940 at the home of actress Janet Gaynor and her husband, costume designer Gilbert Adrian, Lamarr met Antheil. She and Antheil began work on one of Lamarr's invention ideas, a radio-guided torpedo with synchronized anti-jamming frequency hopping. Hedy's idea was, "that if a radio transmitter and receiver are sychronized to change their  tuning simultaneously, hopping together randomly from frequency  to frequency, then the radio signal passing between them cannot be jammed," (Rhodes page 147).  Lamarr brought to their partnership knowledge of munitions, gleaned from her years of marriage to Fritz Mandl, a munitions manufacturer, and Antheil brought experience with radio electronics and recording music, especially his knowledge of player pianos. 

Lamarr and Antheil worked together from 1940 to 1942 with Lamarr explaining the basics of the idea and "the implemenation part came from George." (Rhodes page 148). Antheil had experience in making machines talk to each other in synchrony. He had tried and failed to synchronize sixteen player pianos in his early performances of his Ballet Mécanique. (Rhodes, page 153) Lamarr and Antheil worked together, along with the attorneys Lyon & Lyon to draft patent claims and explain their invention to both the National Inventors Council and the United States Patent Office. They were awarded U.S. Patent 2,292,387 in August 1942. 

Source

Rhodes, Richard. Hedy's Folly, The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr The Most Beautiful Woman in the World. New York: Doubleday, 2011.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: .25 Cubic feet (1 box)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1932, 1940-1942
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.1590
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Correspondence
label: Type
content: Notebooks
label: Type
content: Sketches
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: The collection is arranged into one series. 

Series 1: Invention Papers, 1932, 1940-1942
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Collection processed by Alison Oswald, archivist, 2023.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Correspondence -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Notebooks -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Sketches
scopecontent: label: Content Description
content: Collection consists of invention documents, primarily typescript correspondence and one notebook of hand drawn sketches and handwritten notes that relate to Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil's invention work on a Secret Communication System (US Patent 2,292,387), from 1940 to 1942.  

The bulk of the correspondence is between Lammar/Antheil and their patent attorneys Lyon & Lyon of Los Angeles and the United States Patent Office. The correspondence details filing actions and how the patent might be of value to national defense. Also included is correspondence with the National Inventors Council detailing the invention's significance.
relatedmaterial: label: Materials at Other Organizations
content: Library of Congress

George and Böske Antheil papers, circa 1875-1984, (bulk 1920-1958)

Papers include holograph music manuscripts, printed music, published and unpublished writings, business and personal correspondence, subject files, photographs, programs and promotional materials, scrapbooks, artwork, biographical materials, and memorabilia.

Jewish Museum of Vienna

Collection contains memorabilia, photos, documents, magazines and newspaper clippings, and select artifacts with a a focus primarily on Hedy Lamarr's life in Vienna and Austria.