Parke, Davis Research Laboratory Records.
name: label: Author
content: Parke, Davis Company
label: Collector
content: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Medical Sciences
label: Names
content: Pfizer Inc.
label: Names
content: Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis
label: Names
content: Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis. Pharmaceutical Research Division
label: Names
content: Davis, George S.
label: Names
content: Duffield, Samuel P., Dr. (physician, pharmacist)
label: Names
content: Parke, Hervey Coke , 1827-1899
topic: label: Topic
content: advertising
label: Topic
content: Antibiotics
label: Topic
content: Architectural Blueprints
label: Topic
content: Biologicals
label: Topic
content: Chemistry
label: Topic
content: Diseases
label: Topic
content: Drugs -- 1900-1950
label: Topic
content: Drug factories
label: Topic
content: Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
label: Topic
content: Laboratories
label: Topic
content: Medical scientists -- 1900-1950
label: Topic
content: Patents
label: Topic
content: Pharmaceutical industry -- 1900-1950
label: Topic
content: Pharmacology -- 1900-1950
label: Topic
content: Photographs
label: Topic
content: Vaccines
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: The initial collection of approximately 185 cubic feet was donated by the Warner-Lambert Company, through Jerry A. Weisbach, Vice-President and President of the Pharmaceutical Research Division, on February 3, 1982.
creator: label: Author
content: Parke, Davis Company
setName: label: See more items in
content: Parke, Davis Research Laboratory Records.
abstract: label: Summary
content: The collection documents Parke, Davis and Company, one of the largest and oldest pharmaceutical firms in America.
accruals: label: Accruals
content: Approximately 100 c.f. of materials documenting business records, photographs, historical materials, publications, and research materials, was donated by Pfizer Global Research and Development, through Deborah Salerno, 2006. 

Approximately .15 cubic feet of archival material (portfolio of prints) illustrating the history of pharmacology published by Parke, Davis was transferred from the Archives of American Art to the Archives Center on September 24, 2014.
bioghist: label: Historical
content: Parke, Davis and Company traces it's origins to Samuel Pearce Duffield (1833-1916), a physician and pharmacist. Duffield was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and his family moved to Detroit when he was an infant.  Duffield graduated from the University of Michigan in 1854 and he attended medical school at the University of Pennsylvania, latter leaving for Germany where he studied chemistry and sought treatment for his eyesight. He subsequently earned a Doctor of Philosophy from Ludwig University at Giessen in Germany. Duffield returned to Detroit in 1858 and established a retail drugstore with a strong interest in manufacturing pharmaceuticals. Duffield sought financial partners for his retail and manufacturing venture with A.L. Patrick and Francis C. Conant.  Both men retracted their investments and Duffield met Hervey Coke Parke (1927-1899), a native of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. 


Duffield and Parke formed a formal partnership in 1866. George S. Davis, a third partner and traveling salesman previously with Farrand, Sheley and Company, was added 1867. Augustus F. Jennings joined the company as a partner to head manufacturing. The company became known as Duffield, Parke, Davis, & Jennings Company. Duffield withdrew in 1869 and the name Parke, Davis & Company was adopted in 1871. The company incorporated in 1875 and began planning world-wide scientific expeditions to discover new vegetable drugs such as Guarana, Bearsfoot, Eucalyptus Globulus, and Coca. The company first showed a profit in 1876, and the first dividend paid to shareholders in 1878 and dividends paid until mid-1960s. Research was a major activity of the company. 


In 1907, Parke, Davis and Company bought 340 acres in northeast Avon Township, Michigan, and called it Parkedale Farm. The farm was dedicated on October 8, 1908, and included sterilization rooms and a vaccine propagating building. By 1909 the farm included 200 horses, 25 to 50 cattle, 150 sheep, and employed 20 men. The horses produced the antitoxin for diphtheria and tetanus, the cattle produced a vaccine for smallpox preventatives, and the sheep made serum. Only the healthiest animals were used and all were well cared for. Exotic plants were also grown on the site and used for drugs. Parke-Davis' chief products were antitoxins and vaccines as well as farm crops for feeding the animals. The farm continued to produce vaccines for diphtheria, scarlet fever, tetanus, smallpox, anthrax, and in the 1950s, the Salk polio vaccine.


Due to a weakening financial position, the company became susceptible to take-over, and was purchased by Warner-Lambert in 1970. Warner Lambert, was then acquired by Pfizer in 2000. In 2007, Pfizer closed its research facilities in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Source

Rochester Hills Museum at Voon Hoosen Farm (last accessed on September 29, 2021 https://www.rochesterhills.org/Museum/LocalHistory/ParkeDavisFarm.pdf) 

Parke, Davis and Company. Parke-Davis At 100...progress in the past...promise for the future. Detroit, Michigan, 1966.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 365 Cubic feet (510  boxes, 43 map folders)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1866-1992
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: The intital donation in February 1982 was transferred to the Archives Center from the Division of Medicine and Science in December 1982.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.0001
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Annual reports
label: Type
content: Blueprints
label: Type
content: Brochures
label: Type
content: Catalogs
label: Type
content: Correspondence
label: Type
content: Employee records
label: Type
content: Formulae, chemical
label: Type
content: Lantern slides
label: Type
content: Newsletters
label: Type
content: Newspaper clippings
label: Type
content: Notebooks
label: Type
content: Price lists
label: Type
content: 16mm films
label: Type
content: Sound recordings
label: Type
content: Tracings
label: Type
content: Trade literature
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: Collection is divided into 13 series.

Series 1: Corporate Materials, 1887-1951

Series 2: Financial Materials, 1880-1970

Series 3: Employee/Personnel Materials, 1900-1989

Series 4: Advertising/Sales Materials, 1868-1980

Series 5: Photographs, 1866-1992

Series 6: Notebooks, 1908-1968

Series 7: Control Department Records, 1884-1931

Series 8: Formulas, 1882-1967

Series 9: Equipment Data Files, 1922-1978

Series 10: Publications, 1968-1988

Series 11: Research Materials, 1920-1978

Series 12: Drawings, 1911-1971

Series 13: Addenda,  1867-1970

Series 14: Audio Materials, 1956-1957
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: The original acquisition in 1982 was processed by Robert S. Harding, archivist, 1983. Subsequent accruals were processed by Alison Oswald, archivist, between 2019-2021. Substantial portions of the records were reorganized between 2019-2021 into a more coherent arrangement, and new series were created to bring similar material together.

The original arrangement and folder titles were retained in most cases.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Annual reports -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Blueprints -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Brochures -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Catalogs
label: Genre/Form
content: Correspondence -- 19th-20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Employee records
label: Genre/Form
content: Formulae, chemical
label: Genre/Form
content: Lantern slides -- 1900-1950
label: Genre/Form
content: Newsletters -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Newspaper clippings
label: Genre/Form
content: Notebooks -- 1900-1950
label: Genre/Form
content: Price lists
label: Genre/Form
content: 16mm films
label: Genre/Form
content: Sound recordings -- Audiotapes -- Open reel
label: Genre/Form
content: Tracings
label: Genre/Form
content: Trade literature
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The collection documents Parke, Davis and Company, one of America's oldest and largest drug makers. Parke, Davis had the first research laboratory in the American pharmaceutical industry. The company played a major role in the development of some of the principle new drugs of the twentieth century and pioneered the field of drug standardization. They were one of the first American firms to produce antitoxins, hormones, and other biologicals. They introduced new and important drugs such as adrenalin, dilantin, chlorenpleniol, and other antibiotics. They also did important research on vitamins, disinfectants, and pencillin. 

The collection contains complete documentaion of all the research activities done, including research laboratory notes, correspondence, and published papers. The collection also contains corporate, financial, advertising and sales materials, photographs, and audiovisual materials. The collection is important for those researchers interested in the history of public health, the history of biologicals, pharmaceutical manufacturing and business history.
relatedmaterial: label: Related Materials
content: Materials in the Archives Center, National Museum of American History

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Cover Girl Advertising Oral History Documentation Project (NMAH.AC.0374)

Garfield and Company Records (NMAH.AC.0820)

Albert W. Hampson Commercial Artwork Collection (NMAH.AC.0561)

Ivory Soap Advertising Collection (NMAH.AC.0791)

Kiehl's Pharmacy Records (NMAH.AC.0819)

Alan and Elaine Levitt Advertisement Collection (NMAH.AC.0303)

Medical Sciences Film Collection (NMAH.AC.0222)

Norwich Eaton Pharmaceutical, Inc. Collection (NMAH.AC.0395)

Procter & Gamble Company Product Packaging Collection (NMAH.AC.0836)

Sterling Drug Company Records (NMAH.AC.772)

Syntex Collection of Pharmaceutical Advertising (NMAH.AC.0821)

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Medicine (NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Medicine)

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Patent Medicines (NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.PatentMedicines)

Materials at the Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collection

Trade catalogs related to Parke, Davis & Co.; Warner-Lambert; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; and Pfizer, Inc.

Materials at Other Organizations

Detroit Public Library, Special Collections

Parke, Davis & Company records, 1892-1959

Scrapbook of clippings, 1929-44; Excursions & Announcements, 1892-1902; and company newsletters.

University of California San Francisco

Drug Industry Documents was created by the University of California San Francisco Library in collaboration with faculty members C. Seth Landefeld, MD and Michael Steinman, MD. Originally established to house documents from an off-label marketing lawsuit against Parke-Davis (United States of America ex rel. David Franklin vs. Parke-Davis), the archive has grown to include documents from additional sources illustrating how the pharmaceutical industry, academic journals and institutions, continuing medical education organizations and regulatory/funding agencies operate in ways that are detrimental to public health.
separatedmaterial: label: Separated Materials
content: Division of Medicine and Science, National Museum of American History

The division holds objects related to Parke, Davis that primarily include containers (boxes and glass bottles) that held phamrmaceuticals, biologicals (vaccines), crude drugs, and herb packages. See accessions: 1978.0882; 1982.0043; 1982.0043; 1984.0351; 1985.0475; 1988.3152; 1991.0415; 1992.3127; 2001.3066; 2012.0165; and 2018.5001.