Kern Dental Equipment Collection
name: label: Creator
content: Kern, George Robert, 1894-1962 (cabinet maker, machinist)
label: Creator
content: Kern, George Robert, Jr., 1919-1987
label: Names
content: Densco, Inc.
label: Names
content: Fairfax Manufacturing Company.
label: Names
content: Hazleton Laboratories.
label: Names
content: Kern Laboratory Equipment Company.
label: Former owner
content: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Medical History
label: Names
content: Hazelton, L. W.
label: Names
content: Henninger, R. G.
topic: label: Occupation
content: Cabinetmakers -- 1930-1970
label: Occupation
content: Inventors -- 1930-1970
label: Occupation
content: Machinists -- 1930-1970
label: Topic
content: Dental instruments and apparatus -- 1930-1970
label: Topic
content: Dental technology -- 1930-1970
label: Topic
content: Dentistry -- 1930-1970
label: Topic
content: Dentures -- 1930-1970
label: Topic
content: Inventions -- 1920-2000 -- United States
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: Collection donated by John Kern, 1992, December 22.
creator: label: Creator
content: Kern, George Robert, 1894-1962 (cabinet maker, machinist)
label: Creator
content: Kern, George Robert, Jr., 1919-1987
setName: label: See more items in
content: Kern Dental Equipment Collection
abstract: label: Summary
content: Blueprints, drawings, patent applications, patents, product photographs, correspondence, bills and receipts, advertising, and published articles related to the Kerns' products. The bulk of the material, 1949-1958, is from George Kern's files. It primarily relates to the development and marketing of the Dentagraph and high speed dental drills before the formation of the Fairfax Manufacturing Company in 1957.
bioghist: label: Biographical / Historical
content: George Robert Kern was born in 1894 and died in 1962. He was an Arlington, Va., area cabinet maker and machinist who went on to invent several pieces of dental equipment that helped revolutionize the field of dentistry in the early 1950s he was joined in these endeavors by his son, George Kern, Jr.

The elder George Kern began working with dental equipment  according to his promotional material  because of his own experience with poor fitting dentures. As a machinist accustomed to tight tolerances, he knew it must be possible to make dentures fit better.  The result of his work was the Dentagraph and his first patent, granted in 1950.  In 1948 a company, Kern
laboratory, was incorporated to manufacture the Dentagraph and license the "Dentagraph Tech nic." He also sold dental laboratory benches and dental molding materials under the name Kern Laboratory Equipment Company.  Kern's Dentagraph was used by the National Standards Laboratory to test denture materials and the laboratory further improved the device.  Apparently Kern received the rights to produce and market this improved tool.

In the early 1950s he began working on high speed dental drills.  He developed both a water turbine drill and an air turbine drill.  The water turbine drill was manufactured by Bowen Company of Maryland under the trademarked name Turbo Jet.  In 1957 the company acquired the rights to this tool and its trademark.

Kern and his son improved on the water turbine drill, and in 1957 formed Fairfax Manufacturing Company (FMC) to produce an air turbine drill and the improved water turbine drill.  The senior Kern was a participating stockliolder, receiving stock in return for rights to his inventions. George Kern, Jr., L. W. Hazleton (President of Hazleton Laboratories, a biological
(research and development company), and R. G. Henninger (General Manager of Hazleton Laboratories) were the company officers.  The stockholders included dentists who also tested the companies new products.  Densco, Inc., a Colorado dental equipment company, marketed Kern's products from around 1954, and in 1957 the company began to market Fairfax Manufacturing Company's products.

George R. Kern, Jr., was born in 1919.  He left public school in the tenth but took courses in industrial electricity and industrial engineering. He worked for worked the National Bureau of Standards for two years building and installing laboratory equipment.  In 1951 he began working at Hazelton Laboratories as Superintendent of Maintenance.  He patented several pieces of

Dental equipment and specialized parts for dental equipment.  He died in 1987.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 3 Cubic feet (9 boxes)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1936-1970
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: Collection transferred to the Archives Center from the Division of Medical History (now Division of Medicine and Science), January 1993.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.0479
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Correspondence
label: Type
content: Drawings
label: Type
content: Patents
label: Type
content: Blueprints
label: Type
content: Advertisements
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: The collection is divided into five series.

Series 1: Personal Papers, 1952-1959

Series 2:  Product Files, 1945-1968

Series 3: Marketing Records, 1936-1962

Series 4: Client Files, 1949-1958

Series 5: Competitor Files, 1957
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Collection processed by Linda Weaver and Alison Oswald, 1993
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Correspondence -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Drawings -- 1930-1970
label: Genre/Form
content: Patents -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Blueprints -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Advertisements -- 20th century
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: This collection includes blueprints and drawings, patent applications, patents, product photographs, correspondence, bills and receipts, advertising, and published articles related to the Kern's products.  The bulk of the material, dating from 1949 to 1958, is from George Kern's files.  It primarily relates to the development and marketing of the Dentagraph and high speed dental drills before the formation of the Fairfax Manufacturing Company in 1957.  Most of the FMC material document's Kern's role as a stockholder.
However, a large portion of the blueprints and drawings were created by his son or other FMC employees.  Several of the patents are George Kern, Jr.'s, and there are copies of other people's patents that relate to the Kerns' patents or inventing activities.  The collection has been arranged in chronological order within five series.
relatedmaterial: label: Related Materials
content: The Division of Medicine and Science has several examples of the Kerns' dental equipment, including a Dentagraph and a number of hand pieces.