Ed King Collection of Civil Rights Material
name: label: Creator
content: King, Ed
label: Names
content: Council of Federated Organizations.
label: Names
content: King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968)
place: label: Place
content: Mississippi -- 1960-1970
topic: label: Topic
content: Civil rights
label: Topic
content: Civil rights movements -- 1960-1970 -- Mississippi
label: Topic
content: Race relations -- 1960-1970 -- Mississippi
label: Topic
content: Violence -- 1960-1970 -- Mississippi
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: Collection donated by Ed King on September 17, 1996.
creator: label: Creator
content: King, Ed
setName: label: See more items in
content: Ed King Collection of Civil Rights Material
bioghist: label: Biographical / Historical
content: The Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) arose from the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), founded in 1960 to coordinate student sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina and elsewhere.  COFO, was organized by Robert Moses in 1961, to secure the release of Freedom Riders in Mississippi.  Many COFO workers were originally members of SNCC.  COFO's goal was to increase the percentage of registered African-American voters in Mississippi, from the low 7% that existed in 1964.

In the summer of 1964, COFO was a key player in the organization of the Mississippi Summer Project.  Prior to the summer, many white and African-American students, primarily from the South and the Northeast, organized to lead demonstrations, and to create political awareness among the large African-American population in Mississippi.  During the summer, COFO was successful in setting up "freedom schools" and community centers throughout the state.  This encouraged the emergence of young leaders who would teach African-Americans to articulate their needs and discontents within the existing socio-political structure in Mississippi.  This activity, however, produced a severe white backlash, and many acts of violence occurred against COFO workers.  These actions, many of them police instigated, are documented in this collection through affidavits and other legal documents on civil action. 

Another accomplishment of COFO was the establishment of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.  The MFDP enrolled the majority of African-Americans who were systematically denied access to the delegate selection process of the regular Mississippi Democratic Party (MDP).  The MFDP organized itself along the same lines, contained many of the same rules, and divided into the same Congressional districts as the MDP.  MFDP's goal, however, was to contest seats in Congress traditionally held by white Mississippians, in order to create a more equal representation of the state as a whole.

Edwin King was a white Methodist minister originally from Vicksburg, MI.  Although raised with a traditional Mississippi upbringing, he had the opportunity, while attending Milsap College, to work with black students from Tougaloo College.  This had a profound influence on his life.  When he and his wife were graduated from Milsap College in the early '50's, they attended Boston University for graduate studies in seminary and social work, respectively, and decided that they could no longer live in the South.   They were conscientious objectors to the racist attitudes of their neighbors and did not want to confront them (the neighbors or the attitudes).  However, this was changed by a serendipitous dinner with Reverend Abernathy.  Reverend King and several others were having dinner at a black restaurant in Montgomery, Alabama when everyone in the party was arrested.  From that time, Reverend King and his wife were deeply involved in the Civil Rights Movement.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 0.5 Cubic feet
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1961-1970.
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: This small collection represents some of the materials that Reverend King acquired while active in the Movement.  The Collection was transferred to the Archives Center from the Division of Community Life on July 17, 1992.  It came to us from Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon, who with former husband Cordell, had connections with many Movement participants.  She also played a lead role in the Voices of the Civil Rights Movement project co-sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and Howard University in the late 1980's.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.0559
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Cartoons (humorous images)
label: Type
content: Civil court records
label: Type
content: Affidavits
label: Type
content: Comic books
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: Collection is arranged into one series.
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Collection processed by Peter Lisius, August 19, 1997.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Cartoons (humorous images) -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Civil court records -- 1960-1970
label: Genre/Form
content: Affidavits
label: Genre/Form
content: Comic books
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The bulk of this collection contains affidavits and legal papers filed in civil action suits which document acts of violence committed against Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) workers between 1961 and 1964.  All activity documented occurred in Mississippi, and much of the violence that occurred was inflicted by police and white civilians.  Also contained in this collection are materials relating to COFO, and  the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, comprising a mission statement, and a document sent to the SNCC organization pertaining to voter registration of African-Americans living in Mississippi, all of which reflect the effort of the MFDP to have African-American Congressmen elected in Mississippi.

The last item in the half document box is a pamphlet entitled "Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story."  Created in cartoon format, it appears to target a younger audience.
The oversize box contains Civil Rights newspapers published in Mississippi.  Included are issues of "The Kudzu," the  "Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Newsletter," and the AMississippi Free Press."

This primary source material from COFO and MFDP help document the massive, non-violent struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi in the early 1960's.  The collection confirms evidence of backlash demonstrated by intolerance and violence that occurred as a result of this struggle.