Sterling Drug, Inc. Records
name: label: Creator
content: Sterling Drug, Inc.
label: Creator
content: Winthrop Chemical Company
label: Creator
content: Bayer Company
label: Names
content: Eastman Kodak Co.
label: Donor
content: History Factory (Chantilly, Virginia)
topic: label: Topic
content: Antibiotics
label: Topic
content: Anesthesia
label: Topic
content: advertising
label: Topic
content: Analgesics
label: Topic
content: Barbiturates
label: Topic
content: Medicine
label: Topic
content: Pharmaceutical industry
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: Collection donated to the Archives Center by the History Factory through Bruce Weindruch (President and CEO), in 2001.
creator: label: Creator
content: Sterling Drug, Inc.
label: Creator
content: Winthrop Chemical Company
label: Creator
content: Bayer Company
setName: label: See more items in
content: Sterling Drug, Inc. Records
bioghist: label: Historical
content: Sterling Drug was founded in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1901 by two childhood friends, William E. Weiss and Albert H. Diebold, to manufacture and sell a pain-relieving preparation called "Neuralgine." The company's original name was Neuralgyline. Within a few years, Weiss and Diebold realized that expansion required more product lines and that this would be best obtained by acquisition. This policy continued throughout the life of the organization. At least 130 companies were acquired directly or indirectly between 1902 and 1986. 
In 1913, Weiss and Diebold established intangible assets (trademarks, patents, and copyrights) and tangible assets (offices and plants). By 1914, the company set-up proprietary agencies for overseas trading. Weiss and Diebold changed the name of the company in 1917 from Neuralgyline, which was difficult to say, to Sterling Products. 

Sterling Products benefited from World War I. Because supplies of drugs from Germany were cutoff by the Allied blockade, they established the Winthrop Company to manufacture the active ingredients. After the war, Sterling acquired the American Bayer Company in December 1918. They established a separate subsidiary, the Bayer Company, to market Bayer Aspirin. During the 1930s, Winthrop made Sterling a leader in the pharmaceutical field with such renowned products as Luminal, the original phenobarbitol; Salvarsan and Neo-Salvarsan, the first effective drugs in the treatment of syphilis; Prontosil, the first of the sulfa drugs; and Atabrine, the synthetic antimalarial that replaced quinine during World War II. The company expanded overseas in 1938, and eventually operated about seventy plants in about forty countries. Sterling was especially profitable in Latin America.   By 1942, the use of Sterling Products as a name was confusing and could not be licensed to conduct business in some states.  Therefore, the company namechanged to Sterling Drug, Inc. 

In 1988, in order to avoid a hostile takeover by Hofmann-LaRoche, Sterling became a division of Eastman Kodak and remained one until 1994 when Kodak disposed of its health-related businesses.  This left Sterling broken up with Sanofi purchasing Sterling's ethical business; Nycomed of Norway purchasing the diagnostic imaging; and SmithKline Beecham purchasing the worldwide over-the counter pharmaceutical business. 

Source

Collins, Joseph C. and John R. Gwilt. "The Life Cycle of Sterling Drug, Inc." Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, Volume 25, Number 1, 2000.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 120 Cubic feet (261 boxes, 16 map-folders)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1867-1993
custodhist: label: Custodial History
content: In 1991 Sterling Drug retained the History Factory, a for-profit, private company that appraises, processes, manages, stores, and moves archival collections. History Factory processed and provided reference access to the collection until Sterling Drug's divestiture in 1995. The History Factory contacted the companies (Bayer Corporation, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Nycomed, Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb Company, and SmithKline Beecham)  about their ownership of materials within the Sterling Drug, Inc. Collection and received disposition rights. The History Factory donated the archival collection to the Archives Center in 2001 and related artifacts to the Division of Science, Medicine and Society.
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.0772
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Business records
label: Type
content: Brochures
label: Type
content: Advertisements
label: Type
content: Manuals
label: Type
content: Catalogs
label: Type
content: Price lists
label: Type
content: Financial records
label: Type
content: Photographs
label: Type
content: Press releases
label: Type
content: Newsletters
label: Type
content: Clippings
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: The collection is divided into four series. In most instances, original folder titles were retained.  In circumstances where there was no folder title, the processing archivist created one derived from the nature of the materials. The contents of some folders were combined. 

Series 1: Products, 1946-1948

Series 2: Advertising, 1902-1984

Series 3: Sales and Marketing, 1881-1979

Series 4: Corporate, 1896-1993
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Collection processed by Alison Oswald, archivist, 2018-2019.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Business records -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Brochures
label: Genre/Form
content: Advertisements -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Manuals
label: Genre/Form
content: Catalogs
label: Genre/Form
content: Price lists
label: Genre/Form
content: Financial records
label: Genre/Form
content: Photographs -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Press releases
label: Genre/Form
content: Newsletters -- 20th century
label: Genre/Form
content: Clippings
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: The collection contains domestic and foreign advertising for both pharmaceutical and consumer health care products; sales and marketing materials for pharmaceuticals aimed at physicians, such as brochures, package inserts, reports, catalogs, price lists, manuals; the company's business and administrative papers, including annual reports, news releases, clippings, newsletters and publications, financial and corporate files, histories, and photographs.
relatedmaterial: label: Related Materials
content: Materials at the Archives Center, National Museum of American History

NW Ayer and Sons Incorporated Advertising Agency Records (AC0059)

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series: Patent Medicines (NMAH.AC.0060)

Parke-Davis Company Records (NMAH.AC.0001)

Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Records (NMAH.AC.0329)

Syntex Collection of Pharmaceutical Advertisements (NMAH.AC.0821)

Garfield & Company Records (NMAH.AC.0820)

Materials at the National Museum of American History

Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collection

Division of Medicine and Science holds artifacts related to Sterling Drug, Inc. that include a banner, flag,  product packaging, memorabilia, a colander, and a soap dispenser.  See accessions 2001.0314, 2004.0129, and 2018.5001.