318949.0958 Seated female typist, Miss Margaret Owen of Underwood Typewriter Company, in motion study set-up. Motion picture camera and standing female (Lillian Moller Gilbreth) visible.
odd: label: General note
content: Card Number: 425
label: General note
content: Category: typing study
label: General note
content: Collection: NMAH
label: General note
content: Copy negative: 95-20439
label: General note
content: Gilbreth image: GL438
label: General note
content: Information on photo: GL438
label: General note
content: Job name: Remington Typewriter, Ilion New York
label: General note
content: Related captions: The following captions courtesy of Dave Ferguson, who culled them from the Purdue archives, mostly from N File 45, 0265-17 and N File 34, 0207-3. Note that some of the captions reference a cyclegraph; this image, GL413, is not a cyclegraph.

GL-415 "This shows researches especially made to produce a championship typist."

GL-417 "THORO Motion studies of methods of spelling and their effect upon the motions of a world champion typist. Spelling in the old way and in accordance with the recommended spellings of the Simplified Spelling Board. Note the chronocyclegraph method is also useful for guidance in the design of machinery. These pictures show the long motions of the left hand required to return the carriage when the carriage return hook is on the left end of the carriage."

GL-419 "Cyclegraph of left hand returning carriage of typewriter. This shows the left hand should not be used for carriage return as the path is too long and the fingers lose their position on the keys."

GL-424 [Cyclegraph of simplified spelling 'through' vs. 'thoro'.]

GL-424 "Chronocyclegraph of determining machine design. The carriage return hook is on the left hand end of the carriage, and the motion is much longer than the models with the return on the right."

"The use of micromotion and chronocyclegraph in machine design. This shows the path of the left hand returning the carriage of a well known make of typewriter. The operator being a world champion."

"This shows the path of a champion on the Underwood typewriter and the path is very much longer than on those machines where the carriage return hook is on the right hand end of the carriage."

GL-426 "This picture and many that will follow it will show the trend in America to-day toward the discovery of the one best way to do work. This picture is a motion study laboratory where there is special investigation going on to find information regarding key-stroke and finger-stroke machines, such as monotype adding machine, typewriter, stenotype and other similar machines. In some of the cases the lights are very close to the worker as in GL-426 because a very large number of pictures per second are being photographed."

GL-427 "Path of left hand returning the carriage of a typewriter, carriage-return hook of which is on the left end of the carriage."

GL-428 "Testing the tests for the scientific selection of workers. After making tests which were supposed to be of value for selecting candidates for intensive training to become champions in typing, we submitted the tests to the people who had been champions. The woman in this picture was the champion of the world. Note that the clock shows the time of exposure of the picture, in that the blur on the hands records the time that the shutter was opened, or in other words, the shutter was open in this picture about thirty nine two thousandths of a minute, each division on the clock being half a thousandth of a minute."

"This is a picture of a former champion typist of the world showing her position on a typewriter. At least her idea of her position on a typewriter and here is a remarkable fact that of the many thousand motion pictures taken of this young lady, not a single solitary frame shows any picture anything like the one that she has posed thinking that it was the way that she actually held her hands during her typewriting. In other words this is another fine illustration of the fact that even the expert demonstrator does not know what motion he or she uses and that the methods and motions taught to the beginner at demonstration are actually used by the expert himself during his regular practice.Therefore the entire method of teaching in our trades is wrong and that the only way to teach at demonstration speed the real motions and real methods of the expert is to take the picture very fast and project them very slow, thus slowing down the expert operator with his real motions to a speed that can be seen by the learner."

"A world champion demonstrating slowly the position which she thinks her hands are in when operating at full speed. Thousands of micromotion pictures of her at full speed show no position like this. This is one more proof that fast motions and slow motions are not alike and that no one can correctly demonstrate slowly the motions that they make at the full speed of actual practice."
label: General note
content: Location of subject: Gilbreth Motion Study Laboratory, Providence RI
label: General note
content: Subject names: seated: Miss Margaret Owen of Underwood Typewriter Company; standing and leaning over: Lillian Moller Gilbreth
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Perkins, James Secor
label: Collection Creator
content: Gilbreth, Frank Bunker, 1868-1924
label: Collection Creator
content: Gilbreth, Lillian Moller, 1878-1972
setName: label: See more items in
content: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Collection
label: See more items in
content: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Collection / Series 2: Glass Stereo Slides (Positive) / 318949.0841 to 318949.1043
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1916, April c.
container: label: Container
content: Box 7
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Negatives