318949.0143 woman, Miss Margaret Owen, typing in front of gridded background, three motion clocks visible.
odd: label: General note
content: Card Number: 849
label: General note
content: Category: typing study
label: General note
content: Collection: NMAH
label: General note
content: Copy negative: 89-1270
label: General note
content: Gilbreth image: GL425
label: General note
content: Information on photo: GL425
label: General note
content: Job name: Remington Typewriter, Ilion New York
label: General note
content: Related captions: The following captions courtesy of Dave Ferguson, who culled them from the Purdue archives, mostly from N File 45, 0265-17 and N File 34, 0207-3: 

GL-426 "This picture and many that will follow it will show the trend in America to-day toward the discovery of the one best way to do work. This picture is a motion study laboratory where there is special investigation going on to find information regarding key-stroke and finger-stroke machines, such as monotype adding machine, typewriter, stenotype and other similar machines. In some of the cases the lights are very close to the worker as in GL-426 because a very large number of pictures per second are being photographed."

GL-427 "Path of left hand returning the carriage of a typewriter, carriage-return hook of which is on the left end of the carriage."

GL-428 "Testing the tests for the scientific selection of workers. After making tests which were supposed to be of value for selecting candidates for intensive training to become champions in typing, we submitted the tests to the people who had been champions. The woman in this picture was the champion of the world. Note that the clock shows the time of exposure of the picture, in that the blur on the hands records the time that the shutter was opened, or in other words, the shutter was open in this picture about thirty nine two thousandths of a minute, each division on the clock being half a thousandth of a minute."

"This is a picture of a former champion typist of the world showing her position on a typewriter. At least her idea of her position on a typewriter and here is a remarkable fact that of the many thousand motion pictures taken of this young lady, not a single solitary frame shows any picture anything like the one that she has posed thinking that it was the way that she actually held her hands during her typewriting. In other words this is another fine illustration of the fact that even the expert demonstrator does not know what motion he or she uses and that the methods and motions taught to the beginner at demonstration are actually used by the expert himself during his regular practice.Therefore the entire method of teaching in our trades is wrong and that the only way to teach at demonstration speed the real motions and real methods of the expert is to take the picture very fast and project them very slow, thus slowing down the expert operator with his real motions to a speed that can be seen by the learner."

"A world champion demonstrating slowly the position which she thinks her hands are in when operating at full speed. Thousands of micromotion pictures of her at full speed show no position like this. This is one more proof that fast motions and slow motions are not alike and that no one can correctly demonstrate slowly the motions that they make at the full speed of actual practice."
label: General note
content: Location of subject: Gilbreth Motion Study Laboratory, Providence RI
label: General note
content: Subject names: Miss Margaret Owen, champion professional typist for Underwood
name: label: Collection Creator
content: Perkins, James Secor
label: Collection Creator
content: Gilbreth, Frank Bunker, 1868-1924
label: Collection Creator
content: Gilbreth, Lillian Moller, 1878-1972
setName: label: See more items in
content: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Collection
label: See more items in
content: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Collection / Series 2: Glass Stereo Slides (Positive) / 2.1: 318949.0001 to 318949.0180
unitdate: label: Date
content: April 1916, est.
container: label: Container
content: Box 3
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
objectType: label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Negatives