Jacques Français Rare Violins, Inc. Photographic Archive and Business Records
name: label: Creator
content: Herrmann, Emil, 1888-1968
label: Creator
content: Francais, Jacques, 1923-2004
topic: label: Topic
content: Appraisals
label: Topic
content: Musical instruments
label: Topic
content: Stringed instruments
label: Topic
content: Violin
acqinfo: label: Provenance
content: This collection was bequeathed to the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History, Archives Center, by Jacques Français in 2004.
creator: label: Creator
content: Herrmann, Emil, 1888-1968
label: Creator
content: Francais, Jacques, 1923-2004
setName: label: See more items in
content: Jacques Français Rare Violins, Inc. Photographic Archive and Business Records
abstract: label: Summary
content: Jacques Français was a preeminent luthier, violin expert, and dealer in rare stringed instruments.  Emil Herrmann was also a violin expert and dealer in rare violins. This collection contains photographic prints, negatives, certificates of authenticity, and sale books related to their business as dealers and authenticators of rare stringed instruments.
bioghist: label: Biographical / Historical
content: Jacques Français was born in Paris, France on July 3, 1924 the son of Emile Français and Lucile Caressa.  His ancestry can be traced to the French town Mirecourt in Lorraine, the traditional center of French violin production.  Jacques's grandfather, Henri Français, was an official violin maker to the Paris Conservatory.  His maternal grandfather, Albert Caressa, was a violin and cello dealer.  The House of Caressa & Français was one of the world's renowned violin making and repair shops. They had acquired the former House of Gustave Bernardel in 1901 (the former House of Gand & Bernardel Freres in Paris founded by Nicolas Lupot in 1796).  Henri sold his share in the business to Albert at the end of World War I. The House of Caressa was eventually taken over by Emile Français in 1938.  The shop remained open during the German occupation of Paris in World War II and closed in 1981 after the death of Lucile Caressa Français.  The Paris shop was patronized by some of the greatest names in music.

Jacques Français's early training was in the Paris shop, beginning work at the bench at age twelve.  At age eighteen he was apprenticed to violin maker Victor Aubry in Normandy.  He completed his apprenticeship with George Apparut in Mirecourt.  He then worked in his father's shop on Rue de Madrid and in the shop of Fridolin Hamma in Stuttgart, Germany.  He was sent to New York City in 1947 and worked under Simone Sacconi in the shop of Rembert Wurlitzer.  After a year Jacques returned to Paris to work in his father's establishment.  A year later, Jacques returned to the United States and opened his own shop in New York on 57th St. near Carnegie Hall.  He pursued a career in the repair and sale of rare violins independent of his father.  Over the course of its lifetime the shop became well-known and was patronized by many of the preeminent names in the concert world.  

Many photographic images in the Français Archive originate with rare violin dealer Emil Herrmann. Herrmann maintained a shop at 148 W. 57th St., New York City and later at 161 W. 57th St., just opposite Carnegie Hall and even later at 130 W. 57th St.  After Herrmann's retirement, Français acquired his extensive certificate and photographic archive.  In 1964, renowned luthier Rene A. Morel joined the Français shop and became a close business and personal associate of Français.  Morel and Français worked together for the next thirty years.  In 1985, Emmanuel Gradoux-Matt was employed by Jacques Français.  He became shop foreman in 1990. On February 1, 1994 Jacques Français, Rare Violins, Inc. ceased business at 250 W. 54th Street. Morel and Gradoux-Matt remained at that address and renamed the company René A. Morel Rare Violins, Inc. Jacques Français died in New York City on February 4, 2004.  He left a widow, Beatrice Français, and one surviving daughter, Isabelle Français. His nephew, Gael Francais, a student of both Francais and Morel, continues the family luthier tradition. 

References (Copies may be found in the Archives Center control file):  Français, Gael.  "The Français House of Violin Making: A Retrospective," Journal, Violin Society of America, Volume XIX, No. 3, 2005, pgs. 3-22.

Martin, Douglas.  "Jacques Francais, 80, Dealer in String Instruments, Dies," The New York Times, Febuary 8, 2004.

Miller, Stephen. "Jacques, Francais, 80, Dealer in Rare Violins," The New York Sun, Weekend Edition, undated.
physdesc: label: Extent
content: 33.3 Cubic feet (61 document boxes, 30 binder boxes, 5 flat oversize)
unitdate: label: Date
content: 1844-1998, undated
dataSource: label: Archival Repository
content: Archives Center, National Museum of American History
identifier: label: Identifier
content: NMAH.AC.0872
objectType: label: Type
content: Collection descriptions
label: Type
content: Archival materials
label: Type
content: Certificates
label: Type
content: Photographs
arrangement: label: Arrangement
content: The collection is arranged into four series.

Series 1:  Stringed Instrument Certificates and Photographic Reference Files, 1927-1979, undated

Series 2:  Bow Certificates and Photographic Reference Files, 1988-1990, undated

Series 3:  Emil Herrmann Photographic Negatives, 1931-1959, undated

Subseries 3.1: Violins, undated


Subseries 3.2: Bows, Labels and Checks, 1939-1951, undated

Series 4:  Sale Books, Receipts, and Office Files, Programs, 1844-1998
processinfo: label: Processing Information
content: Processed by Franklin A. Robinson, Jr., archives technician; supervised by Vanessa Broussard-Simmons, archivist, assisted by interns Anne Cnockaert, David DeAngelis, Veronica Gonzales, Amanda Leinberger, and John Mask, 2006.
genre_format: label: Genre/Form
content: Certificates
label: Genre/Form
content: Photographs -- 20th century
scopecontent: label: Scope and Contents
content: This collection consists of a wide-ranging photographic survey of rare stringed musical instruments and bows.  Many of these photographs were made in support of creating certificates of authenticity for a wide variety of stringed instruments.  The photographs date exclusively to the 20th century and were the product of both the Français and Emil Herrmann rare violin shops.  The collection also contains sale books from the Français violin atelier in Paris and New York and a small number of office files from the Français New York shop. There are minimal correspondence and office files, from either the Herrmann or Français shop, within the collection.
separatedmaterial: label: Separated Materials
content: The National Museum of American History, Division of Music, Sports and Entertainment  (now Division of Cultural and Community Life) holds instruments associated with the Fran‡ais atelier, most notably the Axelrod Quartet of Antonio Stradivarius instruments (See accession numbers, 2000.0013, .01, .02, .03, .04).