கேள்வி: இணை இயக்கி - குறிப்புகள் என்பது என்ன?
பதில்: this came into more use only since about 1875. The usage of a mathematical operator for தொடர் இணைப்பு மற்றும் பக்க இணைப்பு மின்வழிகள்s originates from network theory in மின்பொறியியல். Sundaram Seshu introduced a ''reduced sum'' operator in 1956, Kent E. Erickson proposed an உடுக்குறி (தமிழ் நடை) (∗) to symbolize the operator in 1959, whilst Richard James Duffin and William Niles Anderson, Jr. used a முக்கால்புள்ளி (தமிழ் நடை) (:) for the ''parallel addition'' since 1966. Sujit Kumar Mitra used a middot (∙) for it in 1970. The first usage of the parallel symbol (∥) for this operator in applied electronics is unknown, but might have originated from and Bruce D. Wedlock's 1974 book "Electronic Circuits and Applications", which evolved from their introductory electronics course at மாசாச்சூசெட்சு தொழில்நுட்பக் கழகம் (MIT) with concepts of teaching network theory and electronics derived from an earlier course taught by Campbell "Cam" Leach Searle. It was further popularized through John W. McWane's 1981 book "Introduction to Electronics and Instrumentation", which grew out of an identically-named MIT course developed as part of the influential ' between 1974 and 1979. This symbol was probably also introduced because the other used symbols could be easily confused with signs commonly used for பெருக்கல் (கணிதம்) and வகுத்தல் (கணிதம்) in some contexts. }}