Bicycle use has skyrocketed in popularity, but it's also led to more accidents, with medical costs from non-fatal bike crashes climbing steadily by $789 million annually, according to a new study by UC San Francisco. 
 
 Over a 17-year period, medical costs of bicycle injuries to adults in the United States, both fatal and non-fatal, amounted to $237 billion, the study found. In 2013 alone, total costs from bicycle accidents exceeded $24.4 billion, the researchers reported. That is approximately double the medical and other various costs involved for all occupational illnesses over the same time period. 
 
 There were 3.8 million non-fatal adult bicycle injuries and nearly 9,839 deaths that were reported during the study period from 1997 to 2013. Men accounted for three-quarters of the total costs. 
 
 The study will be published June 1, 2017, in the journal Injury Prevention. 
 
 "The costs of bicycle injuries have risen steadily since 1997, with a significant increase in emergency department visits and hospital admissions, especially with older men," said first author Thomas W. Gaither, a UCSF medical student. "In the past, many bicycle accidents stemmed from non-street incidents. But now, street crashes with motor vehicles represent a greater proportion of the total costs. These crashes, which primarily occur with motor vehicles, increase the velocity of the crash impact and, as a result, the severity of the injury." 
 
 Cycling has many well-documented health benefits, including improved cardiovascular function and decreased all-cause mortality. But along with the positive effects of riding, there are risks due to serious and sometimes life-threatening injuries, many involving accidents to riders 45 and older. Previous research by the investigative team has shown that over the last 15 years in the U.S., the incidence of hospital admissions due to bike crashes increased by 120 percent. 
 
 Reflecting the major societal implications, the new study estimated total annual costs -- including medical costs, work losses and quality of life losses -- associated with non-fatal and fatal bicycle injuries to adults. Pediatric injuries were not included. The study analyzed non-fatal incidence data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System with cost estimates from the Consumer Product Safety Commission's Injury Cost Model, and 1999-2013 fatal incidence data from the National Vital Statistics System. The research excluded mopeds and cycles that do not have two wheels. 
 
 The investigators calculated costs from a variety of factors, including hospital charges, readmissions, rehabilitation, nursing home stays, emergency transport, visits to the emergency department, days lost, cost of lost work, lifetime productivity lost and lost quality of life. 
 
 Among the key findings: 
 
 The toll for bicycle injuries during the study period was $209 billion for non-fatal accidents and $28 billion for fatal injuries 
 
 Annual costs over the study period increased by 137 percent for non-fatal injuries and 23 percent for fatal injuries 
 
 There were approximately 6,500 more adult cycling injuries annually 
 
 Medical costs increased by 137 percent for non-fatal bike crashes 
 
 Bicycling deaths increased by an average of 19 cases a year 
 
 Older riders accounted for a great proportion of total costs through time and a larger share of inpatient admission costs 
 
 In 2013, nearly 54 percent of the total costs of bicycle accidents were due to riders 45 and older, up from 26 percent in 1997, the researchers reported. 
 
 Along with the fact that older adults are biking more and being more severely hurt, the rising severity of injuries may be due to changes in motor vehicle traffic, more commuting by bicycle and changes in vehicle design, reported the researchers. 
 
 "While the health benefits of cycling far outweigh the health risks, our results demonstrate the scope of the financial impact of cycling injuries," said senior author Benjamin N. Breyer, MD, a UCSF Health urologist. "To me, it clearly makes a strong case for investment in safer cycling infrastructure. 
 
 "Many of these injuries are preventable with safer roads," said Breyer, an associate professor of urology at UCSF and chief of urology at UCSF partner hospital Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center. "We can learn lessons from the cycling environment in some European cities, where they have more riders and fewer accidents per rider. As our cities become more dense and we look for ways to promote active commuting to benefit health and environment, we need to invest long term into our bicycling infrastructure." 
 
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 The study was funded by the UCSF Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee - Research Allocation Program and the Alafi Family Foundation. 
 
 Study co-authors are Thomas A. Sanford, MD, Mohannad A. Awad, MD, E. Charles Osterberg, MD, and Gregory P. Murphy, MD, all with the UCSF Department of Urology; Bruce A. Lawrence, PhD, with the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation in Calverton, Md.; and Ted R. Miller, PhD, of the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, as well as the Centre for Population Health Research at Curtin University, in Perth, Australia. ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites.
– Taking a bike ride can offer various health benefits, but along with those pros come the cons: notably, the risk of being seriously hurt in an accident. UC San Francisco researchers say such incidences have risen steadily for adults since the late 1990s, with more visits to the ER and hospital and more of the accompanying costs for medical care, per a new study in the Injury Prevention journal. Between 1997 and 2013, there were about 3.8 million non-fatal bicycle injuries and nearly 10,000 deaths, with a press release noting that the total outlay for all associated medical costs until the end of the study hit $237 billion—a figure about twice that of the costs linked to all other occupational illnesses during the same time. In 2013 alone, the costs for bike accidents hovered close to $24.5 billion. That's also about a 137% spike over the course of the study for non-fatal accidents, and 23% for fatal ones. Men seem to have the most trouble behind the handlebars, racking up 75% of the total costs, and riders 45 and over are also faltering: While they accounted for only about 26% of total costs in 1997, by 2013 that figure had jumped to 54%. Scientists think the older set is seeing an increase in injuries simply because more older people are taking to their Schwinns, but they theorize worsening injuries overall could be from people bike-commuting more often. "To me, it clearly makes a strong case for investment in safer cycling infrastructure," says study co-author Benjamin Breyer, who adds that European cities, with more bike riders yet fewer accidents, seem to have figured out a way to minimize the hurt. (This vomit-inducing theft deterrent will ensure your bike stays put.)