Why The Deer Has No Gall

Bright and early the next morning the children were playing on the bank of "The River That Scolds the Other," when Fine Bow said: "Let us find a Deer's foot, and the foot of an Antelope and look at them, for to-night grandfather will tell us why the Deer has the dew-claws, and why the Antelope has none." "Yes, and let us ask mother if the Deer has no gall on its liver. Maybe she can show both the liver of a Deer and that of an Antelope; then we can see for ourselves," said Bluebird. So they began to look about where the hides had been grained for tanning; and sure enough, there were the feet of both the antelope and the deer.  On the deer's feet, or legs, they found the dew-claws, but on the antelope there were none.  This made them all anxious to know why these animals, so nearly alike, should differ in this way. Bluebird's mother passed the children on her way to the river for water, and the little girl asked: "Say, mother, does the Deer have gall on his liver?" "No, my child, but the Antelope does; and your grandfather will tell you why if you ask him." That night in the lodge War Eagle placed before his grandchildren the leg of a deer and the leg of an antelope, as well as the liver of a deer and the liver of an antelope. "See for yourselves that this thing is true, before I tell you why it is so, and how it happened." "We see," they replied, "and to-day we found that these strange things are true, but we don't know why, grandfather." "Of course you don't know why.  Nobody knows that until he is told, and now I shall tell you, so you will always know, and tell your children, that they, too, may know. "It was long, long ago, of course.  All these things happened long ago when the world was young, as you are now.  It was on a summer morning, and the Deer was travelling across the plains country to reach the mountains on the far-off side, where he had relatives.  He grew thirsty, for it was very warm, and stopped to drink from a water-hole on the plains.  When he had finished drinking he looked up, and there was his own cousin, the Antelope, drinking near him. "'Good morning, cousin,' said the Deer.  'It is a warm morning and water tastes good, doesn't it?' "'Yes,' replied the Antelope, 'it is warm to-day, but I can beat you running, just the same.' "'Ha-ha!' laughed the Deer 'you beat me running?   Why, you can't run half as fast as I can, but if you want to run a race let us bet something.  What shall it be?' "'I will bet you my gall-sack,' replied the Antelope. "'Good,' said the Deer, 'but let us run toward that range of mountains, for I am going that way, anyhow, to see my relations.' "'All right,' said the Antelope.  'All ready, and here we go.' "Away they ran toward the far-off range.  All the way the Antelope was far ahead of the Deer; and just at the foot of the mountains he stopped to wait for him to catch up. "Both were out of breath from running, but both declared they had done their best, and the Deer, being beaten, gave the Antelope his sack of gall. "'This ground is too flat for me,' said the Deer.  'Come up the hillside where the gulches cut the country, and rocks are in our way, and I will show you how to run.  I can't run on flat ground.  It's too easy for me.' another race with you on your own ground, and I think I can beat you there, too.' "Together they climbed the hill until they reached a rough country, when the Deer said: "'This is my kind of country.  Let us run a race here.  Whoever gets ahead and stays there, must keep on running until the other calls on him to stop.' "'That suits me,' replied the Antelope, 'but what shall we bet this time?   I don't want to waste my breath for nothing.  I'll tell you let us bet our dew-claws.' "'Good.  I'll bet you my dew-claws against your own, that I can beat you again.  Are you all ready? Go!' "Away they went over logs, over stones and across great gulches that cut the hills in two.  On and on they ran, with the Deer far ahead of the Antelope.  Both were getting tired, when the Antelope called: "'Hi, there you!  Stop, you can beat me.  I give up.' "So the Deer stopped and waited until the Antelope came up to him, and they both laughed over the fun, but the Antelope had to give the Deer his dew-claws, and now he goes without himself.  The Deer wears dew-claws and always will, because of that race, but on his liver there is no gall, while the Antelope carries a gall-sack like the other animals with cloven hoofs. "That is all of that story, but it is too late to tell you another to-night.  If you will come to-morrow evening, I will tell you of some trouble that OLD-man got into once.  He deserved it, for he was wicked, as you shall see.  Ho!" WHY THE INDIANS WHIP THE BUFFALO-BERRIES FROM THE BUSHES  The Indian believes that all things live again; that all were created by one and the same power; that nothing was created in vain; and that in the life beyond the grave he will know all things that he knew here. In that other world he expects to make his living easier, and not suffer from hunger or cold; therefore, all things that die must go to his heaven, in order that he may be supplied with the necessities of life. The sun is not the Indian's God, but a personification of the Deity; His greatest manifestation; His light. The Indian believes that to each of His creations God gave some peculiar power, and that the possessors of these special favors are His lieutenants and keepers of the several special attributes; such as wisdom, cunning, speed, and the knowledge of healing wounds.  These wonderful gifts, he knew, were bestowed as favors by a common God, and therefore he revered these powers, and, without jealousy, paid tribute thereto. The bear was great in war, because before the horse came, he would sometimes charge the camps and kill or wound many people.  Although many arrows were sent into his huge carcass, he seldom died.  Hence the Indian was sure that the bear could heal his wounds.  That the bear possessed a great knowledge of roots and berries, the Indian knew, for he often saw him digging the one and stripping the others from the bushes.  The buffalo, the beaver, the wolf, and the eagle each possessed strange powers that commanded the Indian's admiration and respect, as did many other things in creation. If about to go to war, the Indian did not ask his God for aid oh, no. He realized that God made his enemy, too; and that if He desired that enemy's destruction, it would be accomplished without man's aid.  So the Indian sang his song to the bear, prayed to the bear, and thus invoked aid from a brute, and not his God, when he sought to destroy his fellows. Whenever the Indian addressed the Great God, his prayer was for life, and life alone.  He is the most religious man I have ever known, as well as the most superstitious; and there are stories dealing with his religious faith that are startling, indeed. "It is the wrong time of year to talk about berries," said War Eagle, that night in the lodge, "but I shall tell you why your mothers whip the buffalo-berries from the bushes.  OLD-man was the one who started it, and our people have followed his example ever since.  Ho!  OLD-man made a fool of himself that day. "It was the time when buffalo-berries are red and ripe.  All of the bushes along the rivers were loaded with them, and our people were about to gather what they needed, when OLD-man changed things, as far as the gathering was concerned. "He was travelling along a river, and hungry, as he always was. Standing on the bank of that river, he saw great clusters of red, ripe buffalo-berries in the water.  They were larger than any berries he had ever seen, and he said: "'I guess I will get those berries.  They look fine, and I need them. Besides, some of the people will see them and get them, if I don't.' "He jumped into the water; looked for the berries; but they were not there.  For a time Old-man stood in the river and looked for the berries, but they were gone. "After a while he climbed out on the bank again, and when the water got smooth once more there were the berries the same berries, in the same spot in the water. "'Ho! that is a funny thing.  I wonder where they hid that time.  I must have those berries!' he said to himself. "In he went again splashing the water like a Grizzly Bear.  He looked about him and the berries were gone again.  The water was rippling about him, but there were no berries at all.  He felt on the bottom of the river but they were not there. "'Well,' he said, 'I will climb out and watch to see where they come from; then I shall grab them when I hit the water next time.' "He did that; but he couldn't tell where the berries came from.  As soon as the water settled and became smooth there were the berries the same as before.  Ho! OLD-man was wild; he was angry, I tell you.  And in he went flat on his stomach!  He made an awful splash and mussed the water greatly; but there were no berries. "'I know what I shall do.  I will stay right here and wait for those berries; that is what I shall do'; and he did. "He thought maybe somebody was looking at him and would laugh, so he glanced along the bank.  And there, right over the water, he saw the same bunch of berries on some tall bushes.  Don't you see?   OLD-man saw the shadow of the berry-bunch; not the berries.  He saw the red shadow-berries on the water; that was all, and he was such a fool he didn't know they were not real. "Well, now he was angry in truth.  Now he was ready for war.  He climbed out on the bank again and cut a club.  Then he went at the buffalo-berry bushes and pounded them till all of the red berries fell upon the ground till the branches were bare of berries. "'There,' he said, 'that's what you get for making a fool of the man who made you.  You shall be beaten every year as long as you live, to pay for what you have done; you and your children, too.' "That is how it all came about, and that is why your mothers whip the buffalo-berry bushes and then pick the berries from the ground.  Ho!"