mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Safe-Sim: Safety-Critical Closed-Loop Traffic Simulation with Diffusion-Controllable Adversaries
Authors: Wei-Jer Chang*, Francesco Pittaluga, Masayoshi Tomizuka, Wei Zhan, Manmohan Chandraker
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Evaluating the performance of autonomous vehicle planning algorithms necessitates simulating long-tail safety-critical traffic scenarios. However, traditional methods for generating such scenarios often fall short in terms of controllability and realism; they also neglect the dynamics of agent interactions. To address these limitations, we introduce , a novel diffusion-based controllable closed-loop safety-critical simulation framework. Our approach yields two distinct advantages: 1) generating realistic long-tail safety-critical scenarios that closely reflect real-world conditions, and 2) providing controllable adversarial behavior for more comprehensive and interactive evaluations. We develop a novel approach to simulate safety-critical scenarios through an adversarial term in the denoising process of diffusion models, which allows an adversarial agent to challenge a planner with plausible maneuvers while all agents in the scene exhibit reactive and realistic behaviors. Furthermore, we propose novel guidance objectives and a partial diffusion process that enables users to control key aspects of the scenarios, such as the collision type and aggressiveness of the adversarial agent, while maintaining the realism of the behavior. We validate our framework empirically using the nuScenes and nuPlan datasets across multiple planners, demonstrating improvements in both realism and controllability. These findings affirm that diffusion models provide a robust and versatile foundation for safety-critical, interactive traffic simulation, extending their utility across the broader autonomous driving landscape. Project website: https://safe-sim.github.io/."
Analysis-by-Synthesis Transformer for Single-View 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Dian Jia, Xiaoqian Ruan, Kun Xia, Zhiming Zou, Le Wang, Wei Tang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Deep learning approaches have made significant success in single-view 3D reconstruction, but they often rely on expensive 3D annotations for training. Recent efforts tackle this challenge by adopting an analysis-by-synthesis paradigm to learn 3D reconstruction with only 2D annotations. However, existing methods face limitations in both shape reconstruction and texture generation. This paper introduces an innovative Analysis-by-Synthesis Transformer that addresses these limitations in a unified framework by effectively modeling pixel-to-shape and pixel-to-texture relationships. It consists of a Shape Transformer and a Texture Transformer. The Shape Transformer employs learnable shape queries to fetch pixel-level features from the image, thereby achieving high-quality mesh reconstruction and recovering occluded vertices. The Texture Transformer employs texture queries for non-local gathering of texture information and thus eliminates the incorrect inductive bias. Experimental results on CUB-200-2011 and ShapeNet datasets demonstrate superior performance in shape reconstruction and texture generation compared to previous methods. The code is available at https://github.com/DianJJ/AST."
Challenging Forgets: Unveiling the Worst-Case Forget Sets in Machine Unlearning
Authors: Chongyu Fan, Jiancheng Liu*, Alfred Hero, Sijia Liu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The trustworthy machine learning (ML) community is increasingly recognizing the crucial need for models capable of selectively ‘unlearning’ data points after training. This leads to the problem of machine unlearning (), aiming to eliminate the influence of chosen data points on model performance, while still maintaining the model’s utility post-unlearning. Despite various methods for data influence erasure, evaluations have largely focused on random data forgetting, ignoring the vital inquiry into which subset should be chosen to truly gauge the authenticity of unlearning performance. To tackle this issue, we introduce a new evaluative angle for from an adversarial viewpoint. We propose identifying the data subset that presents the most significant challenge for influence erasure, i.e., pinpointing the worst-case forget set. Utilizing a bi-level optimization principle, we amplify unlearning challenges at the upper optimization level to emulate worst-case scenarios, while simultaneously engaging in standard training and unlearning at the lower level, achieving a balance between data influence erasure and model utility. Our proposal offers a worst-case evaluation of ’s resilience and effectiveness. Through extensive experiments across different datasets (including CIFAR-10, 100, CelebA, Tiny ImageNet, and ImageNet) and models (including both image classifiers and generative models), we expose critical pros and cons in existing (approximate) unlearning strategies. Our results illuminate the complex challenges of in practice, guiding the future development of more accurate and robust unlearning algorithms. The code and supplementary material (appendix) are available at https://github.com/OPTML-Group/Unlearn-WorstCase."
WaSt-3D: Wasserstein-2 Distance for Scene-to-Scene Stylization on 3D Gaussians
Authors: Dmytro Kotovenko*, Olga Grebenkova*, Nikolaos Sarafianos, Avinash Paliwal, Pingchuan Ma, Omid Poursaeed, Sreyas Mohan, Yuchen Fan, Yilei Li, Rakesh Ranjan, Bjorn Ommer
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "While style transfer techniques have been well-developed for 2D image stylization, the extension of these methods to 3D scenes remains relatively unexplored. Existing approaches demonstrate proficiency in transferring colors and textures but often struggle with replicating the geometry of the scenes. In our work, we leverage an explicit Gaussian Scale (GS) representation and directly match the distributions of Gaussians between style and content scenes using the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD). By employing the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 distance, we ensure that the transformation maintains spatial smoothness. Additionally, we decompose the scene stylization problem into smaller chunks to enhance efficiency. This paradigm shift reframes stylization from a pure generative process driven by latent space losses to an explicit matching of distributions between two Gaussian representations. Our method achieves high-resolution 3D stylization by faithfully transferring details from 3D style scenes onto the content scene. Furthermore, WaSt-3D consistently delivers results across diverse content and style scenes without necessitating any training, as it relies solely on optimization-based techniques. See our project page for additional results and source code: https://compvis.github.io/wast3d/."
SCLIP: Rethinking Self-Attention for Dense Vision-Language Inference
Authors: Feng Wang*, Jieru Mei, Alan Yuille
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recent advances in contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) have demonstrated strong capabilities in zero-shot classification by aligning visual and textual features at an image level. However, in dense prediction tasks, CLIP often struggles to localize visual features within an image and fails to attain favorable pixel-level segmentation results. In this work, we investigate in CLIP’s spatial reasoning mechanism and identify that its failure of dense prediction is caused by a location misalignment issue in the self-attention process. Based on this observation, we propose a training-free adaptation approach for CLIP’s semantic segmentation, which only introduces a very simple modification to CLIP but can effectively address the issue of location misalignment. Specifically, we reform the self-attention mechanism with leveraging query-to-query and key-to-key similarity to determine attention scores. Remarkably, this minimal modification to CLIP significantly enhances its capability in dense prediction, improving the original CLIP’s 14.1% average zero-shot mIoU over eight semantic segmentation benchmarks to 38.2%, and outperforming the existing SoTA’s 33.9% by a large margin. Code is available at https://github.com/wangf3014/SCLIP."
Flying with Photons: Rendering Novel Views of Propagating Light
Authors: Anagh Malik*, Noah Juravsky, Ryan Po, Gordon Wetzstein, Kiriakos N. Kutulakos, David B. Lindell
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present an imaging and neural rendering technique that seeks to synthesize videos of light propagating through a scene from novel, moving camera viewpoints. Our approach relies on a new ultrafast imaging setup to capture a first-of-its kind, multi-viewpoint video dataset with picosecond-level temporal resolution. Combined with this dataset, we introduce an efficient neural volume rendering framework based on the transient field. This field is defined as a mapping from a 3D point and 2D direction to a high-dimensional, discrete-time signal that represents time-varying radiance at ultrafast timescales. Rendering with transient fields naturally accounts for effects due to the finite speed of light, including viewpoint-dependent appearance changes caused by light propagation delays to the camera. We render a range of complex effects, including scattering, specular reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Additionally, we demonstrate removing viewpoint-dependent propagation delays using a time warping procedure, rendering of relativistic effects, and video synthesis of direct and global components of light transport."
RGNet: A Unified Clip Retrieval and Grounding Network for Long Videos
Authors: Tanveer Hannan*, Md Mohaiminul Islam, Thomas Seidl, Gedas Bertasius
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Locating specific moments within long videos (20–120 minutes) presents a significant challenge, akin to finding a needle in a haystack. Adapting existing short video (5–30 seconds) grounding methods to this problem yields poor performance. Since most real-life videos, such as those on YouTube and AR/VR, are lengthy, addressing this issue is crucial. Existing methods typically operate in two stages: clip retrieval and grounding. However, this disjoint process limits the retrieval module’s fine-grained event understanding, crucial for specific moment detection. We propose RGNet which deeply integrates clip retrieval and grounding into a single network capable of processing long videos into multiple granular levels, e.g., clips and frames. Its core component is a novel transformer encoder, RG-Encoder, that unifies the two stages through shared features and mutual optimization. The encoder incorporates a sparse attention mechanism and an attention loss to model both granularity jointly. Moreover, we introduce a contrastive clip sampling technique to mimic the long video paradigm closely during training. RGNet surpasses prior methods, showcasing state-of-the-art performance on long video temporal grounding (LVTG) datasets MAD and Ego4D. The code is released at https://github.com/Tanveer81/RGNet."
MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images
Authors: Yuedong Chen*, Haofei Xu, Chuanxia Zheng, Bohan Zhuang, Marc Pollefeys, Andreas Geiger, Tat-Jen Cham, Jianfei Cai
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce , an efficient model that, given sparse multi-view images as input, predicts clean feed-forward 3D Gaussians. To accurately localize the Gaussian centers, we build a cost volume representation via plane sweeping, where the cross-view feature similarities stored in the cost volume can provide valuable geometry cues to the estimation of depth. We also learn other Gaussian primitives’ parameters jointly with the Gaussian centers while only relying on photometric supervision. We demonstrate the importance of the cost volume representation in learning feed-forward Gaussians via extensive experimental evaluations. On the large-scale RealEstate10K and ACID benchmarks, achieves state-of-the-art performance with the fastest feed-forward inference speed (22 fps). More impressively, compared to the latest state-of-the-art method pixelSplat, uses 10× fewer parameters and infers more than 2× faster while providing higher appearance and geometry quality as well as better cross-dataset generalization."
3DGazeNet: Generalizing Gaze Estimation with Weak Supervision from Synthetic Views
Authors: Evangelos Ververas*, Polydefkis Gkagkos, Jiankang Deng, Michail C Doukas, Jia Guo, Stefanos Zafeiriou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Developing gaze estimation models that generalize well to unseen domains and in-the-wild conditions remains a challenge with no known best solution. This is mostly due to the difficulty of acquiring ground truth data that cover the distribution of faces, head poses, and environments that exist in the real world. Most recent methods attempt to close the gap between specific source and target domains using domain adaptation. In this work, we propose to train general gaze estimation models which can be directly employed in novel environments without adaptation. To do so, we leverage the observation that head, body, and hand pose estimation benefit from revising them as dense 3D coordinate prediction, and similarly express gaze estimation as regression of dense 3D eye meshes. To close the gap between image domains, we create a large-scale dataset of diverse faces with gaze pseudo-annotations, which we extract based on the 3D geometry of the face, and design a multi-view supervision framework to balance their effect during training. We test our method in the task of gaze generalization, in which we demonstrate improvement of up to 23% compared to state-of-the-art when no ground truth data are available, and up to 10% when they are."
Removing Distributional Discrepancies in Captions Improves Image-Text Alignment
Authors: Mu Cai, Haotian Liu, Yuheng Li*, Yijun Li, Eli Shechtman, Zhe Lin, Yong Jae Lee, Krishna Kumar Singh
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this paper, we introduce a model designed to improve the prediction of image-text alignment, targeting the challenge of compositional understanding in current visual-language models. Our approach focuses on generating high-quality training datasets for the alignment task by producing mixed-type negative captions derived from positive ones. Critically, we address the distribution imbalance between positive and negative captions to ensure that the alignment model does not depend solely on textual information but also considers the associated images for predicting alignment accurately. By creating this enhanced training data, we fine-tune an existing leading visual-language model to boost its capability in understanding alignment. Our model significantly outperforms current top-performing methods across various datasets. We also demonstrate the applicability of our model by ranking the images generated by text-to-image models based on text alignment. Project page: https://yuheng-li.github. io/LLaVA-score/"
Resilience of Entropy Model in Distributed Neural Networks
Authors: Milin Zhang*, Mohammad Abdi, Shahriar Rifat, Francesco Restuccia
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Distributed have emerged as a key technique to reduce communication overhead without sacrificing performance in edge computing systems. Recently, entropy coding has been introduced to further reduce the communication overhead. The key idea is to train the distributed jointly with an entropy model, which is used as side information during inference time to adaptively encode latent representations into bit streams with variable length. To the best of our knowledge, the resilience of entropy models is yet to be investigated. As such, in this paper we formulate and investigate the resilience of entropy models to intentional interference (, adversarial attacks) and unintentional interference (, weather changes and motion blur). Through an extensive experimental campaign with 3 different architectures, 2 entropy models and 4 rate-distortion trade-off factors, we demonstrate that the entropy attacks can increase the communication overhead by up to 95%. By separating compression features in frequency and spatial domain, we propose a new defense mechanism that can reduce the transmission overhead of the attacked input by about 9% compared to unperturbed data, with only about 2% accuracy loss. Importantly, the proposed defense mechanism is a standalone approach which can be applied in conjunction with approaches such as adversarial training to further improve robustness. Code is available at https://github.com/Restuccia-Group/EntropyR."
Rejection Sampling IMLE: Designing Priors for Better Few-Shot Image Synthesis
Authors: Chirag Vashist*, Shichong Peng, Ke Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "An emerging area of research aims to learn deep generative models with limited training data. Implicit Maximum Likelihood Estimation (IMLE), a recent technique, successfully addresses the mode collapse issue of GANs and has been adapted to the few-shot setting, achieving state-of-the-art performance. However, current IMLE-based approaches encounter challenges due to inadequate correspondence between the latent codes selected for training and those drawn during inference. This results in suboptimal test-time performance. We theoretically show a way to address this issue and propose RS-IMLE, a novel approach that changes the prior distribution used for training. This leads to substantially higher quality image generation compared to existing GAN and IMLE-based methods, as validated by comprehensive experiments conducted on nine few-shot image datasets."
Implicit Concept Removal of Diffusion Models
Authors: Zhili Liu*, Kai Chen, Yifan Zhang, Jianhua Han, Lanqing Hong, Hang Xu, Zhenguo Li, Dit-Yan Yeung, James Kwok
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models often inadvertently generate unwanted concepts such as watermarks and unsafe images. These concepts, termed “implicit concepts”, can be unintentionally learned during training and then be generated uncontrollably during inference. Existing removal methods still struggle to eliminate implicit concepts primarily due to their dependency on the model’s ability to recognize concepts it actually can not discern. To address this, we utilize the intrinsic geometric characteristics of implicit concepts and present , a novel concept removal method based on geometric-driven control. Specifically, once an unwanted implicit concept is identified, we integrate the existence and geometric information of the concept into the text prompts with the help of an accessible classifier or detector model. Subsequently, the model is optimized to identify and disentangle this information, which is then adopted as negative prompts during generation. Moreover, we introduce the Implicit Concept Dataset (ICD), a novel image-text dataset imbued with three typical implicit concepts (QR codes, watermarks, and text), reflecting real-life situations where implicit concepts are easily injected. effectively mitigates the generation of implicit concepts, achieving state-of-the-art results on the Inappropriate Image Prompts (I2P) and our challenging Implicit Concept Dataset (ICD) benchmarks."
PLOT: Text-based Person Search with Part Slot Attention for Corresponding Part Discovery
Authors: Jicheol Park, Dongwon Kim, Boseung Jeong, Suha Kwak*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Text-based person search, employing free-form text queries to identify individuals within a vast image collection, presents a unique challenge in aligning visual and textual representations, particularly at the human part level. Existing methods often struggle with part feature extraction and alignment due to the lack of direct part-level supervision and reliance on heuristic features. We propose a novel framework that leverages a part discovery module based on slot attention to autonomously identify and align distinctive parts across modalities, enhancing interpretability and retrieval accuracy without explicit part-level correspondence supervision. Additionally, text-based dynamic part attention adjusts the importance of each part, further improving retrieval outcomes. Our method is evaluated on three public benchmarks, significantly outperforming existing methods."
GS-LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for 3D Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Kai Zhang*, Sai Bi, Hao Tan, Yuanbo Xiangli, Nanxuan Zhao, Kalyan Sunkavalli, Zexiang Xu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We propose , a scalable large reconstruction model that can predict high-quality 3D Gaussian primitives from 2-4 posed sparse images in ∼0.23 seconds on single A100 GPU. Our model features a very simple transformer-based architecture; we patchify input posed images, pass the concatenated multi-view image tokens through a sequence of transformer blocks, and decode final per-pixel Gaussian parameters directly from these tokens for differentiable rendering. In contrast to previous LRMs that can only reconstruct objects, by predicting per-pixel Gaussians, naturally handles scenes with large variations in scale and complexity. We show that our model can work on both object and scene captures by training it on Objaverse and RealEstate10K respectively. In both scenarios, the models outperform state-of-the-art baselines by a wide margin. We also demonstrate applications of our model in downstream 3D generation tasks. Our project webpage is available at: https://sai-bi.github.io/project/gs-lrm/."
Robust-Wide: Robust Watermarking against Instruction-driven Image Editing
Authors: Runyi Hu, Jie Zhang*, Ting Xu, Jiwei Li, Tianwei Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Instruction-driven image editing allows users to quickly edit an image according to text instructions in a forward pass. Nevertheless, malicious users can easily exploit this technique to create fake images, which could cause a crisis of trust and harm the rights of the original image owners. Watermarking is a common solution to trace such malicious behavior. Unfortunately, instruction-driven image editing can significantly change the watermarked image at the semantic level, making current state-of-the-art watermarking methods ineffective. To remedy it, we propose , the first robust watermarking methodology against instruction-driven image editing. Specifically, we follow the classic structure of deep robust watermarking, consisting of the encoder, noise layer, and decoder. To achieve robustness against semantic distortions, we introduce a novel Partial Instruction-driven Denoising Sampling Guidance () module, which consists of a large variety of instruction injections and substantial modifications of images at different semantic levels. With , the encoder tends to embed the watermark into more robust and semantic-aware areas, which remains in existence even after severe image editing. Experiments demonstrate that can effectively extract the watermark from the edited image with a low bit error rate of nearly 2.6% for 64-bit watermark messages. Meanwhile, it only induces a neglectable influence on the visual quality and editability of the original images. blackMoreover, holds general robustness against different sampling configurations and other popular image editing methods such as ControlNet-InstructPix2Pix, MagicBrush, Inpainting, and DDIM Inversion. Codes and models are available at https://github.com/hurunyi/Robust-Wide."
OAPT: Offset-Aware Partition Transformer for Double JPEG Artifacts Removal
Authors: Qiao Mo, Yukang Ding, Jinhua Hao*, Qiang Zhu, Ming Sun, Chao Zhou, Feiyu Chen, Shuyuan Zhu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Deep learning-based methods have shown remarkable performance in single JPEG artifacts removal task. However, existing methods tend to degrade on double JPEG images, which are prevalent in real-world scenarios. To address this issue, we propose Offset-Aware Partition Transformer for double JPEG artifacts removal, termed as OAPT. We conduct an analysis of double JPEG compression that results in up to four patterns within each 8×8 block and design our model to cluster the similar patterns to remedy the difficulty of restoration. Our OAPT consists of two components: compression offset predictor and image reconstructor. Specifically, the predictor estimates pixel offsets between the first and second compression, which are then utilized to divide different patterns. The reconstructor is mainly based on several Hybrid Partition Attention Blocks (HPAB), combining vanilla window-based self-attention and sparse attention for clustered pattern features. Extensive experiments demonstrate that OAPT outperforms the state-of-the-art method by more than 0.16dB in double JPEG image restoration task. Moreover, without increasing any computation cost, the pattern clustering module in HPAB can serve as a plugin to enhance other transformer-based image restoration methods. The code will be available at https://github.com/QMoQ/OAPT.git."
Formula-Supervised Visual-Geometric Pre-training
Authors: Ryosuke Yamada*, Kensho Hara*, Hirokatsu Kataoka, Koshi Makihara, Nakamasa Inoue, Rio Yokota, Yutaka Satoh
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Throughout the history of computer vision, while research has explored the integration of images (visual) and point clouds (geometric), many advancements in image and 3D object recognition have tended to process these modalities separately. We aim to bridge this divide by integrating images and point clouds on a unified transformer model. This approach integrates the modality-specific properties of images and point clouds and achieves fundamental downstream tasks in image and 3D object recognition on a unified transformer model by learning visual-geometric representations. In this work, we introduce Formula-Supervised Visual-Geometric Pre-training (FSVGP), a novel synthetic pre-training method that automatically generates aligned synthetic images and point clouds from mathematical formulas. Through cross-modality supervision, we enable supervised pre-training between visual and geometric modalities. FSVGP also reduces reliance on real data collection, cross-modality alignment, and human annotation. Our experimental results show that FSVGP pre-trains more effectively than VisualAtom and PC-FractalDB across six tasks: image and 3D object classification, detection, and segmentation. These achievements demonstrate FSVGP’s superior generalization in image and 3D object recognition and underscore the potential of synthetic pre-training in visual-geometric representation learning. Our project website is available at https://ryosuke-yamada.github.io/fdsl-fsvgp/."
VideoAgent: A Memory-augmented Multimodal Agent for Video Understanding
Authors: Yue Fan, Xiaojian Ma*, Rujie Wu, yuntao du, Jiaqi Li, Zhi Gao, Qing Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We explore how reconciling several foundation models (large language models and vision-language models) with a novel unified memory mechanism could tackle the challenging video understanding problem, especially capturing the long-term temporal relations in lengthy videos. In particular, the proposed multimodal agent : 1) constructs a structured memory to store both the generic temporal event descriptions and object-centric tracking states of the video; 2) given an input task query, it employs tools including video segment localization and object memory querying along with other visual foundation models to interactively solve the task, utilizing the zero-shot tool-use ability of LLMs. demonstrates impressive performances on several long-horizon video understanding benchmarks, an average increase of 6.6% on NExT-QA and 26.0% on EgoSchema over baselines, closing the gap between open-sourced models and private counterparts including Gemini 1.5 Pro. The code and demo can be found at https:// videoagent.github.io."
Towards Unified Representation of Invariant-Specific Features in Missing Modality Face Anti-Spoofing
Authors: Guanghao Zheng, Yuchen Liu, Wenrui Dai*, Chenglin Li, Junni Zou, Hongkai Xiong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The effectiveness of Vision Transformers (ViTs) diminishes considerably in multi-modal face anti-spoofing (FAS) under missing modality scenarios. Existing approaches rely on modality-invariant features to alleviate this issue but ignore modality-specific features. To solve this issue, we propose a Missing Modality Adapter framework for Face Anti-Spoofing (MMA-FAS), which leverages modality-disentangle adapters and LBP-guided contrastive loss for explicit combination of modality-invariant and modality-specific features. Modality-disentangle adapters disentangle features into modality-invariant and -specific features from the view of frequency decomposition. LBP-guided contrastive loss, together with batch-level and sample-level modality masking strategies, forces the model to cluster samples according to attack types and modal combinations, which further enhances modality-specific and -specific features. Moreover, we propose an adaptively modal combination sampling strategy, which dynamically adjusts the sample probability in masking strategies to balance the training process of different modal combinations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art intra-dataset and cross-dataset performance in all the missing modality scenarios."
Restoring Images in Adverse Weather Conditions via Histogram Transformer
Authors: Shangquan Sun, Wenqi Ren*, Xinwei Gao, Rui Wang, Xiaochun Cao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Transformer-based image restoration methods in adverse wea-ther have achieved significant progress. Most of them use self-attention along the channel dimension or within spatially fixed-range blocks to reduce computational load. However, such a compromise results in limitations in capturing long-range spatial features. Inspired by the observation that the weather-induced degradation factors mainly cause similar occlusion and brightness, in this work, we propose an efficient Histogram Transformer (Histoformer) for restoring images affected by adverse weather. It is powered by a mechanism dubbed histogram self-attention, which sorts and segments spatial features into intensity-based bins. Self-attention is then applied across bins or within each bin to selectively focus on spatial features of dynamic range and process similar degraded pixels of the long range together. To boost histogram self-attention, we present a dynamic-range convolution enabling conventional convolution to conduct operation over similar pixels rather than neighbor pixels. We also observe that the common pixel-wise losses neglect linear association and correlation between output and ground-truth. Thus, we propose to leverage the Pearson correlation coefficient as a loss function to enforce the recovered pixels following the identical order as ground-truth. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of our proposed method. We have released the codes in Github."
PosFormer: Recognizing Complex Handwritten Mathematical Expression with Position Forest Transformer
Authors: Tongkun Guan, Chengyu Lin, Wei Shen*, Xiaokang Yang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has wide applications in human-machine interaction scenarios, such as digitized education and automated offices. Recently, sequence-based models with encoder-decoder architectures have been commonly adopted to address this task by directly predicting LaTeX sequences of expression images. However, these methods only implicitly learn the syntax rules provided by LaTeX, which may fail to describe the position and hierarchical relationship between symbols due to complex structural relations and diverse handwriting styles. To overcome this challenge, we propose a position forest transformer (PosFormer) for HMER, which jointly optimizes two tasks: expression recognition and position recognition, to explicitly enable position-aware symbol feature representation learning. Specifically, we first design a position forest that models the mathematical expression as a forest structure and parses the relative position relationships between symbols. Without requiring extra annotations, each symbol is assigned a position identifier in the forest to denote its relative spatial position. Second, we propose an implicit attention correction module to accurately capture attention for HMER in the sequence-based decoder architecture. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of PosFormer, which consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods 2.03%/1.22%/2.00%, 1.83%, and 4.62% gains on the single-line CROHME 2014/2016/2019, multi-line M2 E, and complex MNE datasets, respectively, with no additional latency or computational cost."
NGP-RT: Fusing Multi-Level Hash Features with Lightweight Attention for Real-Time Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Yubin Hu, Xiaoyang Guo, Yang Xiao, Jingwei Huang, Yong-Jin Liu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This paper presents NGP-RT, a novel approach for enhancing the rendering speed of Instant-NGP to achieve real-time novel view synthesis. As a classic NeRF-based method, Instant-NGP stores implicit features in multi-level grids or hash tables and applies a shallow MLP to convert the implicit features into explicit colors and densities. Although it achieves fast training speed, there is still a lot of room for improvement in its rendering speed due to the per-point MLP executions for implicit multi-level feature aggregation, especially for real-time applications. To address this challenge, our proposed NGP-RT explicitly stores colors and densities as hash features, and leverages a lightweight attention mechanism to disambiguate the hash collisions instead of using computationally intensive MLP. At the rendering stage, NGP-RT incorporates a pre-computed occupancy distance grid into the ray marching strategy to inform the distance to the nearest occupied voxel, thereby reducing the number of marching points and global memory access. Experimental results show that on the challenging Mip-NeRF 360 dataset, NGP-RT achieves better rendering quality than previous NeRF-based methods, achieving 108 fps at 1080p resolution on a single Nvidia RTX 3090 GPU. Our approach is promising for NeRF-based real-time applications that require efficient and high-quality rendering."
Elysium: Exploring Object-level Perception in Videos through Semantic Integration Using MLLMs
Authors: Han Wang*, Yanjie Wang, Ye Yongjie, Yuxiang Nie, Can Huang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated their ability to perceive objects in still images, but their application in video-related tasks, such as object tracking, remains understudied. This lack of exploration is primarily due to two key challenges. Firstly, extensive pretraining on large-scale video datasets is required to equip MLLMs with the capability to perceive objects across multiple frames and understand inter-frame relationships. Secondly, processing a large number of frames within the context window of Large Language Models (LLMs) can impose a significant computational burden. To address the first challenge, we introduce , a large-scale video dataset supported for three tasks: Single Object Tracking (SOT), Referring Single Object Tracking (RSOT), and Video Referring Expression Generation (Video-REG). contains 1.27 million annotated video frames with corresponding object boxes and descriptions. Leveraging this dataset, we conduct training of MLLMs and propose a token-compression model T-Selector to tackle the second challenge. Our proposed approach, Elysium: Exploring Object-level Perception in Videos via MLLM, is an end-to-end trainable MLLM that attempts to conduct object-level tasks in videos without requiring any additional plug-in or expert models. All codes and datasets are released at https://github.com/Hon-Wong/Elysium."
G2fR: Frequency Regularization in Grid-based Feature Encoding Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Shuxiang Xie*, Shuyi Zhou, Ken Sakurada, Ryoichi Ishikawa, Masaki Onishi, Takeshi Oishi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) methodologies have garnered considerable interest, particularly with the introduction of grid-based feature encoding (GFE) approaches such as Instant-NGP and TensoRF. Conventional NeRF employs positional encoding (PE) and represents a scene with a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Frequency regularization has been identified as an effective strategy to overcome primary challenges in PE-based NeRFs, including dependency on known camera poses and the requirement for extensive image datasets. While several studies have endeavored to extend frequency regularization to GFE approaches, there is still a lack of basic theoretical foundations for these methods. Therefore, we first clarify the underlying mechanisms of frequency regularization. Subsequently, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the expressive capability of GFE-based NeRFs and attempt to connect frequency regularization with GFE methods. Moreover, we propose a generalized strategy, : Generalized Grid-based Frequency Regularization, to address issues of camera pose optimization and few-shot reconstruction with GFE methods. We validate the efficacy of our methods through an extensive series of experiments employing various representations across diverse scenarios."
Getting it Right: Improving Spatial Consistency in Text-to-Image Models
Authors: Agneet Chatterjee*, Gabriela Ben Melech Stan, Estelle Guez Aflalo, Sayak Paul, Dhruba Ghosh, Tejas Gokhale, Ludwig Schmidt, Hanna Hajishirzi, Vasudev Lal, Chitta R Baral, Yezhou Yang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "One of the key shortcomings in current text-to-image (T2I) models is their inability to consistently generate images which faithfully follow the spatial relationships specified in the text prompt. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive investigation of this limitation, while also developing datasets and methods that support algorithmic solutions to improve spatial reasoning in T2I models. We find that spatial relationships are under-represented in the image descriptions found in current vision-language datasets. To alleviate this data bottleneck, we create SPRIGHT, the first spatially focused, large-scale dataset, by re-captioning 6 million images from 4 widely used vision datasets and through a 3-fold evaluation and analysis pipeline, show that SPRIGHT improves the proportion of spatial relationships in existing datasets. We show the efficacy of SPRIGHT data by showing that using only ∼0.25% of SPRIGHT results in a 22% improvement in generating spatially accurate images while also improving FID and CMMD scores. We also find that training on images containing a larger number of objects leads to substantial improvements in spatial consistency, including state-of-the-art results on T2I-CompBench with a spatial score of 0.2133, by fine-tuning on ¡500 images. Through a set of controlled experiments and ablations, we document additional findings that could support future work that seeks to understand factors that affect spatial consistency in text-to-image models. Project page : https://spright-t2i.github.io/"
Generating 3D House Wireframes with Semantics
Authors: Xueqi Ma, Yilin Liu, Wenjun Zhou, Ruowei Wang, Hui Huang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present a new approach for generating 3D house wireframes with semantic enrichment using an autoregressive model. Unlike conventional generative models that independently process vertices, edges, and faces, our approach employs a unified wire-based representation for improved coherence in learning 3D wireframe structures. By re-ordering wire sequences based on semantic meanings, we facilitate seamless semantic integration during sequence generation. Our two-phase technique merges a graph-based autoencoder with a transformer-based decoder to learn latent geometric tokens and generate semantic-aware wireframes. Through iterative prediction and decoding during inference, our model produces detailed wireframes that can be easily segmented into distinct components, such as walls, roofs, and rooms, reflecting the semantic essence of the shape. Empirical results on a comprehensive house dataset validate the superior accuracy, novelty, and semantic fidelity of our model compared to existing generative models. More results and details can be found on https://vcc.tech/research/2024/3DWire."
GeoWizard: Unleashing the Diffusion Priors for 3D Geometry Estimation from a Single Image
Authors: Xiao Fu*, Wei Yin, Mu Hu, Kaixuan Wang, Yuexin Ma, Ping Tan, Shaojie Shen, Dahua Lin, Xiaoxiao Long
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "∗ Equal contributionWe introduce GeoWizard, a new generative foundation model designed for estimating geometric attributes, , depth and normals, from single images. While significant research has already been conducted in this area, the progress has been substantially limited by the low diversity and poor quality of publicly available datasets. As a result, the prior works either are constrained to limited scenarios or suffer from the inability to capture geometric details. In this paper, we demonstrate that generative models, as opposed to traditional discriminative models (, CNNs and Transformers), can effectively address the inherently ill-posed problem. We further show that leveraging diffusion priors can markedly improve generalization, detail preservation, and efficiency in resource usage. Specifically, we extend the original stable diffusion model to jointly predict depth and normal, allowing mutual information exchange and high consistency between the two representations. More importantly, we propose a simple yet effective strategy to segregate the complex data distribution of various scenes into distinct sub-distributions. This strategy enables our model to recognize different scene layouts, capturing 3D geometry with remarkable fidelity. GeoWizard sets new benchmarks for zero-shot depth and normal prediction, significantly enhancing many downstream applications such as 3D reconstruction, 2D content creation, and novel viewpoint synthesis."
Shape-guided Configuration-aware Learning for Endoscopic-image-based Pose Estimation of Flexible Robotic Instruments
Authors: Yiyao Ma*, Kai Chen*, Hon-Sing Tong, Ruofeng Wei, Yui-Lun Ng, Ka-Wai Kwok*, Qi Dou*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Accurate estimation of both the external orientation and internal bending angle is crucial for understanding a flexible robot state within its environment. However, existing sensor-based methods face limitations in cost, environmental constraints, and integration issues. Conventional image-based methods struggle with the shape complexity of flexible robots. In this paper, we propose a novel shape-guided configuration-aware learning framework for image-based flexible robot pose estimation. Inspired by the recent advances in 2D-3D joint representation learning, we leverage the 3D shape prior of the flexible robot to enhance its image-based shape representation. We first extract the part-level geometry representation of the 3D shape prior, then adapt this representation to the image by querying the image features corresponding to different robot parts. Furthermore, we present an effective mechanism to dynamically deform the shape prior. It aims to mitigate the shape difference between the adopted shape prior and the flexible robot depicted in the image. This more expressive shape guidance boosts the image-based robot representation and can be effectively used for flexible robot pose refinement. Extensive experiments on a general flexible robot designed for endoluminal surgery demonstrate the advantages of our method over a series of keypoint-based, skeleton-based and direct regression-based methods. Project homepage: https://poseflex.github.io/."
Nonverbal Interaction Detection
Authors: Jianan Wei, Tianfei Zhou, Yi Yang, Wenguan Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This work addresses a new challenge of understanding human nonverbal interaction in social contexts. Nonverbal signals pervade virtually every communicative act. Our gestures, facial expressions, postures, gaze, even physical appearance all convey messages, without anything being said. Despite their critical role in social life, nonverbal signals receive very limited attention as compared to the linguistic counterparts, and existing solutions typically examine nonverbal cues in isolation. Our study marks the first systematic effort to enhance the interpretation of multifaceted nonverbal signals. First, we contribute a novel large-scale dataset, called , which is meticulously annotated to include bounding boxes for humans and corresponding social groups, along with 22 atomic-level nonverbal behaviors under five broad interaction types. Second, we establish a new task for nonverbal interaction detection, which is formalized as identifying triplets in the form ⟨individual, group, interaction⟩ from images. Third, we propose a nonverbal interaction detection hypergraph (), a new approach that explicitly models high-order nonverbal interactions using hypergraphs. Central to the model is a dual multi-scale hypergraph that adeptly addresses individual-to-individual and group-to-group correlations across varying scales, facilitating interactional feature learning and eventually improving interaction prediction. Extensive experiments on show that improves various baselines significantly in . It also exhibits leading performance on HOI-DET, confirming its versatility in supporting related tasks and strong generalization ability. We hope that our study will offer the community new avenues to explore nonverbal signals in more depth."