mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
GAN with Multivariate Disentangling for Controllable Hair Editing
Authors: Xuyang Guo, Meina Kan, Tianle Chen, Shiguang Shan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Hair editing is an essential but challenging task in portrait editing considering the complex geometry and material of hair. Existing methods have achieved promising results by editing through a reference photo, user-painted mask, or guiding strokes. However, when a user provides no reference photo or hardly paints a desirable mask, these works fail to edit. Going a further step, we propose an efficiently controllable method that can provide a set of sliding bars to do continuous and fine hair editing. Meanwhile, it also naturally supports discrete editing through a reference photo and user-painted mask. Specifically, we propose a generative adversarial network with a multivariate Gaussian disentangling module. Firstly, an encoder disentangles the hair’s major attributes, including color, texture, and shape, to separate latent representations. The latent representation of each attribute is modeled as a standard multivariate Gaussian distribution, to make each dimension of an attribute be changed continuously and finely. Benefiting from the Gaussian distribution, any manual editing including sliding a bar, providing a reference photo, and painting a mask can be easily made, which is flexible and friendly for users to interact with. Finally, with changed latent representations, the decoder outputs a portrait with the edited hair. Experiments show that our method can edit each attribute’s dimension continuously and separately. Besides, when editing through reference images and painted masks like existing methods, our method achieves comparable results in terms of FID and visualization. Codes can be found at https://github.com/XuyangGuo/CtrlHair."
Discovering Transferable Forensic Features for CNN-Generated Images Detection
Authors: Keshigeyan Chandrasegaran, Ngoc-Trung Tran, Alexander Binder, Ngai-Man Cheung
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Visual counterfeits are increasingly causing an existential conundrum in mainstream media with rapid evolution in neural image synthesis methods. Though detection of such counterfeits has been a taxing problem in the image forensics community, a recent class of forensic detectors -- universal detectors -- are able to surprisingly spot counterfeit images regardless of generator architectures, loss functions, training datasets, and resolutions. This intriguing property suggests the possible existence of transferable forensic features (T-FF) in universal detectors. In this work, we conduct the first analytical study to discover and understand T-FF in universal detectors. Our contributions are 2-fold: 1) We propose a novel forensic feature relevance statistic (FF-RS) to quantify and discover T-FF in universal detectors and, 2) Our qualitative and quantitative investigations uncover an unexpected finding: color is a critical T-FF in universal detectors. Code and models are available at https://keshik6.github.io/transferable-forensic-features/"
Harmonizer: Learning to Perform White-Box Image and Video Harmonization
Authors: Zhanghan Ke, Chunyi Sun, Lei Zhu, Ke Xu, Rynson W.H. Lau
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Recent works on image harmonization solve the problem as a pixel-wise image translation task via large autoencoders. They have unsatisfactory performances and slow inference speeds when dealing with high-resolution images. In this work, we observe that adjusting the input arguments of basic image filters, e.g., brightness and contrast, is sufficient for humans to produce realistic images from the composite ones. Hence, we frame image harmonization as an image-level regression problem to learn the arguments of the filters that humans use for the task. We present a Harmonizer framework for image harmonization. Unlike prior methods that are based on black-box autoencoders, Harmonizer contains a neural network for filter argument prediction and several white-box filters (based on the predicted arguments) for image harmonization. We also introduce a cascade regressor and a dynamic loss strategy for Harmonizer to learn filter arguments more stably and precisely. Since our network only outputs image-level arguments and the filters we used are efficient, Harmonizer is much lighter and faster than existing methods. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that Harmonizer surpasses existing methods notably, especially with high-resolution inputs. Finally, we apply Harmonizer to video harmonization, which achieves consistent results across frames and 56 fps at 1080P resolution."
Text2LIVE: Text-Driven Layered Image and Video Editing
Authors: Omer Bar-Tal, Dolev Ofri-Amar, Rafail Fridman, Yoni Kasten, Tali Dekel
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We present a method for zero-shot, text-driven editing of natural images and videos. Given an image or a video and a text prompt, our goal is to edit the appearance of existing objects (e.g., texture) or augment the scene with visual effects (e.g., smoke, fire) in a semantic manner. We train a generator on an \emph{internal dataset}, extracted from a single input, while leveraging an \emph{external} pretrained CLIP model to impose our losses. Rather than directly generating the edited output, our key idea is to generate an \emph{edit layer} (color+opacity) that is composited over the input. This allows us to control the generation and maintain high fidelity to the input via novel text-driven losses applied directly to the edit layer. Our method neither relies on a pretrained generator nor requires user-provided masks. We demonstrate localized, semantic edits on high-resolution images and videos across a variety of objects and scenes."
Digging into Radiance Grid for Real-Time View Synthesis with Detail Preservation
Authors: Jian Zhang, Jinchi Huang, Bowen Cai, Huan Fu, Mingming Gong, Chaohui Wang, Jiaming Wang, Hongchen Luo, Rongfei Jia, Binqiang Zhao, Xing Tang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) [31] series are impressive in representing scenes and synthesizing high-quality novel views. However, most previous works fail to preserve texture details and suffer from slow training speed. A recent method SNeRG [11] demonstrates that baking a trained NeRF as a Sparse Neural Radiance Grid enables real-time view synthesis with slight scarification of rendering quality. In this paper, we dig into the Radiance Grid representation and present a set of improvements, which together result in boosted performance in terms of both speed and quality. First, we propose an HieRarchical Sparse Radiance Grid (HrSRG) representation that has higher voxel resolution for informative spaces and fewer voxels for other spaces. HrSRG leverages a hierarchical voxel grid building process inspired by [30, 55], and can describe a scene at high resolution without excessive memory footprint. Furthermore, we show that directly optimizing the voxel grid leads to surprisingly good texture details in rendered images. This direct optimization is memory-friendly and requires multiple orders of magnitude less time than conventional NeRFs as it only involves a tiny MLP. Finally, we find that a critical factor that prevents fine details restoration is the misaligned 2D pixels among images caused by camera pose errors. We propose to use the perceptual loss to add tolerance to misalignments, leading to the improved visual quality of rendered images."
StyleGAN-Human: A Data-Centric Odyssey of Human Generation
Authors: Jianglin Fu, Shikai Li, Yuming Jiang, Kwan-Yee Lin, Chen Qian, Chen Change Loy, Wayne Wu, Ziwei Liu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Unconditional human image generation is an important task in vision and graphics, enabling various applications in the creative industry. Existing studies in this field mainly focus on “network engineering” such as designing new components and objective functions. This work takes a data-centric perspective and investigates multiple critical aspects in “data engineering”, which we believe would complement the current practice. To facilitate a comprehensive study, we collect and annotate a large-scale human image dataset with over 230K samples capturing diverse poses and textures. Equipped with this large dataset, we rigorously investigate three essential factors in data engineering for StyleGAN-based human generation, namely data size, data distribution, and data alignment. Extensive experiments reveal several valuable observations w.r.t. these aspects: 1) Large-scale data, more than 40K images, are needed to train a high-fidelity unconditional human generation model with a vanilla StyleGAN. 2) A balanced training set helps improve the generation quality with rare face poses compared to the long-tailed counterpart, whereas simply balancing the clothing texture distribution does not effectively bring an improvement. 3) Human GAN models that employ body centers for alignment outperform models trained using face centers or pelvis points as alignment anchors. In addition, a model zoo and human editing applications are demonstrated to facilitate future research in the community."
ColorFormer: Image Colorization via Color Memory Assisted Hybrid-Attention Transformer
Authors: Xiaozhong Ji, Boyuan Jiang, Donghao Luo, Guangpin Tao, Wenqing Chu, Zhifeng Xie, Chengjie Wang, Ying Tai
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Automatic image colorization is a challenging task that attracts a lot of research interest. Previous methods employing deep neural networks have produced impressive results. However, these colorization images are still unsatisfactory and far from practical applications. The reason is that semantic consistency and color richness are two key elements ignored by existing methods. In this work, we propose an automatic image colorization method via color memory assisted hybrid-attention transformer, namely ColorFormer. Our network consists of a transformer-based encoder and a color memory decoder. The core module of the encoder is our proposed global-local hybrid attention operation, which improves the ability to capture global receptive field dependencies. With the strong power to model contextual semantic information of grayscale image in different scenes, our network can produce semantic-consistent colorization results. In decoder part, we design a color memory module which stores various semantic-color mapping for image-adaptive queries. The queried color priors are used as reference to help the decoder produce more vivid and diverse results. Experimental results show that our method can generate more realistic and semantically matched color images compared with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, owing to the proposed end-to-end architecture, the inference speed reaches 40FPS on a V100 GPU, which meets the real-time requirement."
EAGAN: Efficient Two-Stage Evolutionary Architecture Search for GANs
Authors: Guohao Ying, Xin He, Bin Gao, Bo Han, Xiaowen Chu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have proven successful in image generation tasks. However, GAN training is inherently unstable. Although many works try to stabilize it by manually modifying GAN architecture, it requires much expertise. Neural architecture search (NAS) has become an attractive solution to search GANs automatically. The early NAS-GANs search only generators to reduce search complexity but lead to a sub-optimal GAN. Some recent works try to search both generator (G) and discriminator (D), but they suffer from the instability of GAN training. To alleviate the instability, we propose an efficient two-stage evolutionary algorithm-based NAS framework to search GANs, namely EAGAN. We decouple the search of G and D into two stages, where stage-1 searches G with a fixed D and adopts the many-to-one training strategy, and stage-2 searches D with the optimal G found in stage-1 and adopts the one-to-one training and weight-resetting strategies to enhance the stability of GAN training. Both stages use the non-dominated sorting method to produce Pareto-front architectures under multiple objectives (e.g., model size, Inception Score (IS), and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID)). EAGAN is applied to the unconditional image generation task and can efficiently finish the search on the CIFAR-10 dataset in 1.2 GPU days. Our searched GANs achieve competitive results (IS=8.81Â±0.10, FID=9.91) on the CIFAR-10 dataset and surpass prior NAS-GANs on the STL-10 dataset (IS=10.44Â±0.087, FID=22.18). Source code: https://github.com/marsggbo/EAGAN."
Weakly-Supervised Stitching Network for Real-World Panoramic Image Generation
Authors: Dae-Young Song, Geonsoo Lee, HeeKyung Lee, Gi-Mun Um, Donghyeon Cho
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Recently, there has been growing attention on an end-to-end deep learning-based stitching model. However, the most challenging point in deep learning-based stitching is to obtain pairs of input images with a narrow field of view and ground truth images with a wide field of view captured from real-world scenes. To overcome this difficulty, we develop a weakly-supervised learning mechanism to train the stitching model without requiring genuine ground truth images. In addition, we propose a stitching model that takes multiple real-world fisheye images as inputs and creates a 360$^{\circ}$ output image in an equirectangular projection format. In particular, our model consists of color consistency corrections, warping, and blending, and is trained by perceptual and SSIM losses. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified on two real-world stitching datasets."
DynaST: Dynamic Sparse Transformer for Exemplar-Guided Image Generation
Authors: Songhua Liu, Jingwen Ye, Sucheng Ren, Xinchao Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "One key challenge of exemplar-guided image generation lies in establishing fine-grained correspondences between input and guided images. Prior approaches, despite the promising results, have relied on either estimating dense attention to compute per-point matching, which is limited to only coarse scales due to the quadratic memory cost, or fixing the number of correspondences to achieve linear complexity, which lacks flexibility. In this paper, we propose a dynamic sparse attention based Transformer model, termed Dynamic Sparse Transformer (DynaST), to achieve fine-level matching with favorable efficiency. The heart of our approach is a novel dynamic-attention unit, dedicated to covering the variation on the optimal number of tokens one position should focus on. Specifically, DynaST leverages the multi-layer nature of Transformer structure, and performs the dynamic attention scheme in a cascaded manner to refine matching results and synthesize visually-pleasing outputs. In addition, we introduce a unified training objective for DynaST, making it a versatile reference-based image translation framework for both supervised and unsupervised scenarios. Extensive experiments on three applications, pose-guided person image generation, edge-based face synthesis, and undistorted image style transfer, demonstrate that DynaST achieves superior performance in local details, outperforming the state of the art while reducing the computational cost significantly. Our code is available \href{https://github.com/Huage001/DynaST}{here}."
Multimodal Conditional Image Synthesis with Product-of-Experts GANs
Authors: Xun Huang, Arun Mallya, Ting-Chun Wang, Ming-Yu Liu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Existing conditional image synthesis frameworks generate images based on user inputs in a single modality, such as text, segmentation, or sketch. They do not allow users to simultaneously use inputs in multiple modalities to control the image synthesis output. This reduces their practicality as multimodal inputs are more expressive and complement each other. To address this limitation, we propose the Product-of-Experts Generative Adversarial Networks (PoE-GAN) framework, which can synthesize images conditioned on multiple input modalities or any subset of them, even the empty set. We achieve this capability with a single trained model. PoE-GAN consists of a product-of-experts generator and a multimodal multiscale projection discriminator. Through our carefully designed training scheme, PoE-GAN learns to synthesize images with high quality and diversity. Besides advancing the state of the art in multimodal conditional image synthesis, PoE-GAN also outperforms the best existing unimodal conditional image synthesis approaches when tested in the unimodal setting. The project website is available at https://deepimagination.github.io/PoE-GAN/."
Auto-Regressive Image Synthesis with Integrated Quantization
Authors: Fangneng Zhan, Yingchen Yu, Rongliang Wu, Jiahui Zhang, Kaiwen Cui, Changgong Zhang, Shijian Lu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Deep generative models have achieved conspicuous progress in realistic image synthesis with multifarious conditional inputs, while generating diverse yet high-fidelity images remains a grand challenge in conditional image generation. This paper presents a versatile framework for conditional image generation which incorporates the inductive bias of CNNs and powerful sequence modeling of auto-regression that naturally leads to diverse image generation. Instead of independently quantizing the features of multiple domains as in prior research, we design an integrated quantization scheme with a variational regularizer that mingles the feature discretization in multiple domains, and markedly boosts the auto-regressive modeling performance. Notably, the variational regularizer enables to regularize feature distributions in incomparable latent spaces by penalizing the intra-domain variations of distributions. In addition, we design a reliable Gumbel sampling strategy that allows to incorporate distribution uncertainty into the auto-regressive training procedure. The reliable Gumbel sampling substantially mitigates the exposure bias that often incurs misalignment between the training and inference stages and severely impairs the inference performance. Extensive experiments over multiple conditional image generation tasks show that our method achieves superior diverse image generation performance qualitatively and quantitatively as compared with the state-of-the-art."
JoJoGAN: One Shot Face Stylization
Authors: Min Jin Chong, David Forsyth
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "A style mapper applies some fixed style to its input images (so, for example, taking faces to cartoons). This paper describes a simple procedure -- JoJoGAN -- to learn a style mapper from a single example of the style. JoJoGAN uses a GAN inversion procedure and StyleGAN’s style-mixing property to produce a substantial paired dataset from a single example style. The paired dataset is then used to fine-tune a StyleGAN. An image can then be style mapped by GAN-inversion followed by the fine-tuned StyleGAN. JoJoGAN needs just one reference and as little as 30 seconds of training time. JoJoGAN can use extreme style references (say, animal faces) successfully. Furthermore, one can control what aspects of the style are used and how much of the style is applied. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation show that JoJoGAN produces high quality high resolution images that vastly outperform the current state-of-the-art."
VecGAN: Image-to-Image Translation with Interpretable Latent Directions
Authors: Yusuf Dalva, Said Fahri Altındiş, Aysegul Dundar
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We propose VecGAN, an image-to-image translation framework for facial attribute editing with interpretable latent directions. Facial attribute editing task faces the challenges of precise attribute editing with controllable strength and preservation of the other attributes of an image. For this goal, we design the attribute editing by latent space factorization and for each attribute, we learn a linear direction that is orthogonal to the others. The other component is the controllable strength of the change, a scalar value. In our framework, this scalar can be either sampled or encoded from a reference image by projection. Our work is inspired by the latent space factorization works of fixed pretrained GANs. However, while those models cannot be trained end-to-end and struggle to edit encoded images precisely, VecGAN is end-to-end trained for image translation task and successful at editing an attribute while preserving the others. Our extensive experiments show that VecGAN achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-arts for both local and global edits."
Any-Resolution Training for High-Resolution Image Synthesis
Authors: Lucy Chai, Michaël Gharbi, Eli Shechtman, Phillip Isola, Richard Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Generative models operate at fixed resolution, even though natural images come in a variety of sizes. As high-resolution details are downsampled away and low-resolution images are discarded altogether, precious supervision is lost. We argue that every pixel matters and create datasets with variable-size images, collected at their native resolutions. To take advantage of varied-size data, we introduce continuous-scale training, a process that samples patches at random scales to train a new generator with variable output resolutions. First, conditioning the generator on a target scale allows us to generate higher resolution images than previously possible, without adding layers to the model. Second, by conditioning on continuous coordinates, we can sample patches that still obey a consistent global layout, which also allows for scalable training at higher resolutions. Controlled FFHQ experiments show that our method can take advantage of multi-resolution training data better than discrete multi-scale approaches, achieving better FID scores and cleaner high-frequency details. We also train on other natural image domains including churches, mountains, and birds, and demonstrate arbitrary scale synthesis with both coherent global layouts and realistic local details, going beyond 2K resolution in our experiments. Our project page is available at: https://chail.github.io/anyres-gan/."
CCPL: Contrastive Coherence Preserving Loss for Versatile Style Transfer
Authors: Zijie Wu, Zhen Zhu, Junping Du, Xiang Bai
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "In this paper, we aim to devise a universally versatile style transfer method capable of performing artistic, photo-realistic, and video style transfer jointly, without seeing videos during training. Previous single-frame methods assume a strong constraint on the whole image to maintain temporal consistency, which could be violated in many cases. Instead, we make a mild and reasonable assumption that global inconsistency is dominated by local inconsistencies and devise a generic Contrastive Coherence Preserving Loss (CCPL) applied to local patches. CCPL can preserve the coherence of the content source during style transfer without degrading stylization. Moreover, it owns a neighbor-regulating mechanism, resulting in a vast reduction of local distortions and considerable visual quality improvement. Aside from its superior performance on versatile style transfer, it can be easily extended to other tasks, such as image-to-image translation. Besides, to better fuse content and style features, we propose Simple Covariance Transformation (SCT) to effectively align second-order statistics of the content feature with the style feature. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting model for versatile style transfer, when armed with CCPL."
CANF-VC: Conditional Augmented Normalizing Flows for Video Compression
Authors: Yung-Han Ho, Chih-Peng Chang, Peng-Yu Chen, Alessandro Gnutti, Wen-Hsiao Peng
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "This paper presents an end-to-end learning-based video compression system, termed CANF-VC, based on conditional augmented normalizing flows (CANF). Most learned video compression systems adopt the same hybrid-based coding architecture as the traditional codecs. Recent research on conditional coding has shown the sub-optimality of the hybrid-based coding and opens up opportunities for deep generative models to take a key role in creating new coding frameworks. CANF-VC represents a new attempt that leverages the conditional ANF to learn a video generative model for conditional inter-frame coding. We choose ANF because it is a special type of generative model, which includes variational autoencoder as a special case and is able to achieve better expressiveness. CANF-VC also extends the idea of conditional coding to motion coding, forming a purely conditional coding framework. Extensive experimental results on commonly used datasets confirm the superiority of CANF-VC to the state-of-the-art methods. The source code of CANF-VC is available at https://github.com/NYCU-MAPL/CANF-VC."
Bi-Level Feature Alignment for Versatile Image Translation and Manipulation
Authors: Fangneng Zhan, Yingchen Yu, Rongliang Wu, Jiahui Zhang, Kaiwen Cui, Aoran Xiao, Shijian Lu, Chunyan Miao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have achieved great success in image translation and manipulation. However, high-fidelity image generation with faithful style control remains a grand challenge in computer vision. This paper presents a versatile image translation and manipulation framework that achieves accurate semantic and style guidance in image generation by explicitly building a correspondence. To handle the quadratic complexity incurred by building the dense correspondences, we introduce a bi-level feature alignment strategy that adopts a top-$k$ operation to rank block-wise features followed by dense attention between block features which reduces memory cost substantially. As the top-$k$ operation involves index swapping which precludes the gradient propagation, we approximate the non-differentiable top-$k$ operation with a regularized earth mover’s problem so that its gradient can be effectively back-propagated. In addition, we design a novel semantic position encoding mechanism that builds up coordinate for each individual semantic region to preserve texture structures while building correspondences. Further, we design a novel confidence feature injection module which mitigates mismatch problem by fusing features adaptively according to the reliability of built correspondences. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves superior performance qualitatively and quantitatively as compared with the state-of-the-art."
High-Fidelity Image Inpainting with GAN Inversion
Authors: Yongsheng Yu, Libo Zhang, Heng Fan, Tiejian Luo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Image inpainting seeks a semantically consistent way to recover the corrupted image in the light of its unmasked content. Previous approaches usually reuse the well-trained GAN as effective prior to generate realistic patches for missing holes with GAN inversion. Nevertheless, the ignorance of hard constraint in these algorithms may yield the gap between GAN inversion and image inpainting. Addressing this problem, in this paper we devise a novel GAN inversion model for image inpainting, dubbed {\it InvertFill}, mainly consisting of an encoder with a pre-modulation module and a GAN generator with F&W+ latent space. Within the encoder, the pre-modulation network leverages multi-scale structures to encode more discriminative semantic into style vectors. In order to bridge the gap between GAN inversion and image inpainting, F&W+ latent space is proposed to eliminate glaring color discrepancy and semantic inconsistency. To reconstruct faithful and photorealistic images, a simple yet effective Soft-update Mean Latent module is designed to capture more diverse in-domain patterns that synthesize high-fidelity textures for large corruptions. Comprehensive experiments on four challenging dataset, including Places2, CelebA-HQ, MetFaces, and Scenery, demonstrate that our InvertFill outperforms the advanced approaches qualitatively and quantitatively and supports the completion of out-of-domain images well. All codes, models and results will be made available upon the acceptance."
DeltaGAN: Towards Diverse Few-Shot Image Generation with Sample-Specific Delta
Authors: Yan Hong, Li Niu, Jianfu Zhang, Liqing Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Learning to generate new images for a novel category based on only a few images, named as few-shot image generation, has attracted increasing research interest. Several state-of-the-art works have yielded impressive results, but the diversity is still limited. In this work, we propose a novel Delta Generative Adversarial Network (DeltaGAN), which consists of a reconstruction subnetwork and a generation subnetwork. The reconstruction subnetwork captures intra-category transformation, i.e., delta, between same-category pairs. The generation subnetwork generates sample-specific “delta” for an input image, which is combined with this input image to generate a new image within the same category. Besides, an adversarial delta matching loss is designed to link the above two subnetworks together. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method."
Image Inpainting with Cascaded Modulation GAN and Object-Aware Training
Authors: Haitian Zheng, Zhe Lin, Jingwan Lu, Scott Cohen, Eli Shechtman, Connelly Barnes, Jianming Zhang, Ning Xu, Sohrab Amirghodsi, Jiebo Luo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Recent image inpainting methods have made great progress but often struggle to generate plausible image structures when dealing with large holes in complex images. This is partially due to the lack of effective network structures that can capture both the long-range dependency and high-level semantics of an image. We propose cascaded modulation GAN (CM-GAN), a new network design consisting of an encoder with Fourier convolution blocks that extract multi-scale feature representations from the input image with holes and a dual-stream decoder with a novel cascaded global-spatial modulation block at each scale level. In each decoder block, global modulation is first applied to perform coarse and semantic-aware structure synthesis, followed by spatial modulation to further adjust the feature map in a spatially adaptive fashion. In addition, we design an object-aware training scheme to prevent the network from hallucinating new objects inside holes, fulfilling the needs of object removal tasks in real-world scenarios. Extensive experiments are conducted to show that our method significantly outperforms existing methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Please refer to the project page: https://github.com/htzheng/CM-GAN-Inpainting."
StyleFace: Towards Identity-Disentangled Face Generation on Megapixels
Authors: Yuchen Luo, Junwei Zhu, Keke He, Wenqing Chu, Ying Tai, Chengjie Wang, Junchi Yan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Identity swapping and de-identification are two essential applications of identity-disentangled face image generation. Although sharing a similar problem definition, the two tasks have been long studied separately, and identity-disentangled face generation on megapixels is still under exploration. In this work, we propose StyleFace, a unified framework for 1024^2 resolution high-fidelity identity swapping and de-identification. To encode real identity while supporting virtual identity generation, we represent identity as a latent variable and further utilize contrastive learning for latent space regularization. Besides, we utilize StyleGAN2 to improve the generation quality on megapixels and devise an Adaptive Attribute Extractor, which adaptively preserves the identity-irrelevant attributes in a simple yet effective way. Extensive experiments demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of StyleFace in high-resolution identity swapping and de-identification, respectively."
Video Extrapolation in Space and Time
Authors: Yunzhi Zhang, Jiajun Wu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Novel view synthesis (NVS) and video prediction (VP) are typically considered disjoint tasks in computer vision. However, they can both be seen as ways to observe the spatial-temporal world: NVS aims to synthesize a scene from a new point of view, while VP aims to see a scene from a new point of time. These two tasks provide complementary signals to obtain a scene representation, as viewpoint changes from spatial observations inform depth, and temporal observations inform the motion of cameras and individual objects. Inspired by these observations, we propose to study the problem of Video Extrapolation in Space and Time (VEST). We propose a model that tackles this problem and leverages the self-supervision from both tasks, while existing methods are designed to solve one of them. Experiments show that our method achieves performance better than or comparable to several state-of-the-art NVS and VP methods on indoor and outdoor real-world datasets."
Contrastive Learning for Diverse Disentangled Foreground Generation
Authors: Yuheng Li, Yijun Li, Jingwan Lu, Eli Shechtman, Yong Jae Lee, Krishna Kumar Singh
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We introduce a new method for diverse foreground generation with explicit control over various factors. Existing image inpainting based foreground generation methods often struggle to generate diverse results and rarely allow users to explicitly control specific factors of variation (e.g., varying the facial identity or expression for face inpainting results). We leverage contrastive learning with latent codes to generate diverse foreground results for the same masked input. Specifically, we define two sets of latent codes, where one controls a pre-defined factor (“known”), and the other controls the remaining factors (“unknown”). The sampled latent codes from the two sets jointly bi-modulate the convolution kernels to guide the generator to synthesize diverse results. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method over state-of-the-arts in result diversity and generation controllability."
BIPS: Bi-modal Indoor Panorama Synthesis via Residual Depth-Aided Adversarial Learning
Authors: Changgyoon Oh, Wonjune Cho, Yujeong Chae, Daehee Park, Lin Wang, Kuk-Jin Yoon
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Providing omnidirectional depth along with RGB information is important for numerous applications. However, as omnidirectional RGB-D data is not always available, synthesizing RGB-D panorama data from limited information of a scene can be useful. Therefore, some prior works tried to synthesize RGB panorama images from perspective RGB images; however, they suffer from limited image quality and can not be directly extended for RGB-D panorama synthesis. In this paper, we study a new problem: RGB-D panorama synthesis under the various configurations of cameras and depth sensors. Accordingly, we propose a novel bi-modal (RGB-D) panorama synthesis (BIPS) framework. Especially, we focus on indoor environments where the RGB-D panorama can provide a complete 3D model for many applications. We design a generator that fuses the bi-modal information and train it via residual depth-aided adversarial learning (RDAL). RDAL allows to synthesize realistic indoor layout structures and interiors by jointly inferring RGB panorama, layout depth, and residual depth. In addition, as there is no tailored evaluation metric for RGB-D panorama synthesis, we propose a novel metric (FAED) to effectively evaluate its perceptual quality. Extensive experiments show that our method synthesizes high-quality indoor RGB-D panoramas and provides more realistic 3D indoor models than prior methods. Code is available at https://github.com/chang9711/BIPS."
Augmentation of rPPG Benchmark Datasets: Learning to Remove and Embed rPPG Signals via Double Cycle Consistent Learning from Unpaired Facial Videos
Authors: Cheng-Ju Hsieh, Wei-Hao Chung, Chiou-Ting Hsu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Remote estimation of human physiological condition has attracted urgent attention during the pandemic of COVID-19. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) from facial videos and address the deficiency issues of large-scale benchmarking datasets. We propose an end-to-end RErPPG-Net, including a Removal-Net and an Embedding-Net, to augment existing rPPG benchmark datasets. In the proposed augmentation scenario, the Removal-Net will first erase any inherent rPPG signals in the input video and then the Embedding-Net will embed another PPG signal into the video to generate an augmented video carrying the specified PPG signal. To train the model from unpaired videos, we propose a novel double-cycle consistent constraint to enforce the RErPPG-Net to learn to robustly and accurately remove and embed the delicate rPPG signals. The new benchmark "Aug-rPPG dataset" is augmented from UBFC-rPPG and PURE datasets and includes 5776 videos from 42 subjects with 76 different rPPG signals. Our experimental results show that existing rPPG estimators indeed benefit from the augmented dataset and achieve significant improvement when fine-tuned on the new benchmark. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/nthumplab/RErPPGNet.
Geometry-Aware Single-Image Full-Body Human Relighting
Authors: Chaonan Ji, Tao Yu, Kaiwen Guo, Jingxin Liu, Yebin Liu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Single-image human relighting aims to relight a target human under new lighting conditions by decomposing the input image into albedo, shape and lighting. Although plausible relighting results can be achieved, previous methods suffer from both the entanglement between albedo and lighting and the lack of hard shadows, which significantly decrease the realism. To tackle these two problems, we propose a geometry-aware single-image human relighting framework that leverages single-image geometry reconstruction for joint deployment of traditional graphics rendering and neural rendering techniques. For the de-lighting, we explore the shortcomings of UNet architecture and propose a modified HRNet, achieving better disentanglement between albedo and lighting. For the relighting, we introduce a ray tracing-based per-pixel lighting representation that explicitly models high-frequency shadows and propose a learning-based shading refinement module to restore realistic shadows (including hard cast shadows) from ray-traced shading maps. Our framework is able to generate photo-realistic high-frequency shadows such as cast shadows under challenging lighting conditions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms previous methods on both synthetic and real images."
3D-Aware Indoor Scene Synthesis with Depth Priors
Authors: Zifan Shi, Yujun Shen, Jiapeng Zhu, Dit-Yan Yeung, Qifeng Chen
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Despite the recent advancement of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in learning 3D-aware image synthesis from 2D data, existing methods fail to model indoor scenes due to the large diversity of room layouts and the objects inside. We argue that indoor scenes do not have a shared intrinsic structure, and hence only using 2D images cannot adequately guide the model with the 3D geometry. In this work, we fill in this gap by introducing depth as a 3D prior. Compared with other 3D data formats, depth better fits the convolution-based generation mechanism and is more easily accessible in practice. Specifically, we propose a dual-path generator, where one path is responsible for depth generation, whose intermediate features are injected into the other path as the condition for appearance rendering. Such a design eases the 3D-aware synthesis with explicit geometry information. Meanwhile, we introduce a switchable discriminator both to differentiate real v.s. fake domains and to predict the depth from a given input. In this way, the discriminator can take the spatial arrangement into account and advise the generator to learn an appropriate depth condition. Extensive experimental results suggest that our approach is capable of synthesizing indoor scenes with impressively good quality and 3D consistency, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives."
Deep Portrait Delighting
Authors: Joshua Weir, Junhong Zhao, Andrew Chalmers, Taehyun Rhee
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We present a deep neural network for removing undesirable shading features from an unconstrained portrait image, recovering the underlying texture. Our training scheme incorporates three regularization strategies: masked loss, to emphasize high-frequency shading features; soft-shadow loss, which improves sensitivity to subtle changes in lighting; and shading-offset estimation, to supervise separation of shading and texture. Our method demonstrates improved delighting quality and generalization when compared with the state-of-the-art. We further demonstrate how our delighting method can enhance the performance of light-sensitive computer vision tasks such as face relighting and semantic parsing, allowing them to handle extreme lighting conditions."
Vector Quantized Image-to-Image Translation
Authors: Yu-Jie Chen, Shin-I Cheng, Wei-Chen Chiu, Hung-Yu Tseng, Hsin-Ying Lee
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Current image-to-image translation methods formulate the task with conditional generation models, leading to learning only the recolorization or regional changes as being constrained by the rich structural information provided by the conditional contexts. In this work, we propose introducing the vector quantization technique into the image-to-image translation framework. The vector quantized content representation can facilitate not only the translation, but also the unconditional distribution shared among different domains. Meanwhile, along with the disentangled style representation, the proposed method further enables the capability of image extension with flexibility in both intra- and inter-domains. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our framework achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art image-to-image translation and image extension methods. Compared to methods for individual tasks, the proposed method, as a unified framework, unleashes applications combining image-to-image translation, unconditional generation, and image extension altogether. For example, it provides style variability for image generation and extension, and equips image-to-image translation with further extension capabilities."
The Surprisingly Straightforward Scene Text Removal Method with Gated Attention and Region of Interest Generation: A Comprehensive Prominent Model Analysis
Authors: Hyeonsu Lee, Chankyu Choi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Scene text removal (STR), a task of erasing text from natural scene images, has recently attracted attention as an important component of editing text or concealing private information such as ID, telephone, and license plate numbers. While there are a variety of different methods for STR actively being researched, it is difficult to evaluate superiority because previously proposed methods do not use the same standardized training/evaluation dataset. We use the same standardized training/testing dataset to evaluate the performance of several previous methods after standardized re-implementation. We also introduce a simple yet extremely effective Gated Attention (GA) and Region-of-Interest Generation (RoIG) methodology in this paper. GA uses attention to focus on the text stroke as well as the textures and colors of the surrounding regions to remove text from the input image much more precisely. RoIG is applied to focus on only the region with text instead of the entire image to train the model more efficiently. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset show that our method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in almost all metrics with remarkably higher-quality results. Furthermore, because our model does not generate a text stroke mask explicitly, there is no need for additional refinement steps or sub-models, making our model extremely fast with fewer parameters. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/naver/garnet."
Free-Viewpoint RGB-D Human Performance Capture and Rendering
Authors: Phong Nguyen-Ha, Nikolaos Sarafianos, Christoph Lassner, Janne Heikkilä, Tony Tung
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Capturing and faithfully rendering photorealistic humans from novel views is a fundamental problem for AR/VR applications. While prior work has shown impressive performance capture results in laboratory settings, it is non-trivial to achieve casual free-viewpoint human capture and rendering for unseen identities with high fidelity, especially for facial expressions, hands, and clothes. To tackle these challenges we introduce a novel view synthesis framework that generates realistic renders from unseen views of any human captured from a single-view and sparse RGB-D sensor, similar to a low-cost depth camera, and without actor-specific models. We propose an architecture to create dense feature maps in novel views obtained by sphere-based neural rendering, and create complete renders using a global context inpainting model. Additionally, an enhancer network leverages the overall fidelity, even in occluded areas from the original view, producing crisp renders with fine details. We show that our method generates high-quality novel views of synthetic and real human actors given a single-stream, sparse RGB-D input. It generalizes to unseen identities, and new poses and faithfully reconstructs facial expressions. Our approach outperforms prior view synthesis methods and is robust to different levels of depth sparsity."