mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
CoLA: Conditional Dropout and Language-driven Robust Dual-modal Salient Object Detection
Authors: Shuang Hao, Chunlin Zhong, He Tang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The depth/thermal information is beneficial for detecting salient object with conventional RGB images. However, in dual-modal salient object detection (SOD) model, the robustness against noisy inputs and modality missing is crucial but rarely studied. To tackle this problem, we introduce Conditional Dropout and LAnguage-driven(CoLA) framework comprising two core components. 1) Language-driven Quality Assessment (LQA): Leveraging a pretrained vision-language model with a prompt learner, the LQA recalibrates image contributions without requiring additional quality annotations. This approach effectively mitigates the impact of noisy inputs. 2) Conditional Dropout (CD): A learning method to strengthen the model’s adaptability in scenarios with missing modalities, while preserving its performance under complete modalities. The CD serves as a plug-in training scheme that treats modality-missing as conditions, strengthening the overall robustness of various dual-modal SOD models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art dual-modal SOD models, under both modality-complete and modality-missing conditions. The code is avaliable at https://github.com/ssecv/CoLA."
Image-Feature Weak-to-Strong Consistency: An Enhanced Paradigm for Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Zhiyu Wu*, Jinshi Cui*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Image-level weak-to-strong consistency serves as the predominant paradigm in semi-supervised learning (SSL) due to its simplicity and impressive performance. Nonetheless, this approach confines all perturbations to the image level and suffers from the excessive presence of naive samples, thus necessitating further improvement. In this paper, we introduce feature-level perturbation with varying intensities and forms to expand the augmentation space, establishing the image-feature weak-to-strong consistency paradigm. Furthermore, our paradigm develops a triple-branch structure, which facilitates interactions between both types of perturbations within one branch to boost their synergy. Additionally, we present a confidence-based identification strategy to distinguish between naive and challenging samples, thus introducing additional challenges exclusively for naive samples. Notably, our paradigm can seamlessly integrate with existing SSL methods. We apply the proposed paradigm to several representative algorithms and conduct experiments on multiple benchmarks, including both balanced and imbalanced distributions for labeled samples. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the performance of existing SSL algorithms."
RPBG: Towards Robust Neural Point-based Graphics in the Wild
Authors: Qingtian Zhu, Zizhuang Wei, Zhongtian Zheng, Yifan Zhan, Zhuyu Yao, Jiawang Zhang, Kejian Wu, Yinqiang Zheng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Point-based representations have recently gained popularity in novel view synthesis, for their unique advantages, , intuitive geometric representation, simple manipulation, and faster convergence. However, based on our observation, these point-based neural re-rendering methods are only expected to perform well under ideal conditions and suffer from noisy, patchy points and unbounded scenes, which are challenging to handle but defacto common in real applications. To this end, we revisit one such influential method, known as Neural Point-based Graphics (NPBG), as our baseline, and propose Robust Point-based Graphics (RPBG). We in-depth analyze the factors that prevent NPBG from achieving satisfactory renderings on generic datasets, and accordingly reform the pipeline to make it more robust to varying datasets in-the-wild. Inspired by the practices in image restoration, we greatly enhance the neural renderer to enable the attention-based correction of point visibility and the inpainting of incomplete rasterization, with only acceptable overheads. We also seek for a simple and lightweight alternative for environment modeling and an iterative method to alleviate the problem of poor geometry. By thorough evaluation on a wide range of datasets with different shooting conditions and camera trajectories, RPBG stably outperforms the baseline by a large margin, and exhibits its great robustness over state-of-the-art NeRF-based variants. Code available at https://github.com/QT-Zhu/RPBG."
GaussReg: Fast 3D Registration with Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Jiahao Chang*, Yinglin Xu, Yihao Li, Yuantao Chen, Wensen Feng, Xiaoguang Han
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Point cloud registration is a fundamental problem for large-scale 3D scene scanning and reconstruction. With the help of deep learning, registration methods have evolved significantly, reaching a nearly-mature stage. As the introduction of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), it has become the most popular 3D scene representation as its powerful view synthesis capabilities. Regarding NeRF representation, its registration is also required for large-scale scene reconstruction. However, this topic extremly lacks exploration. This is due to the inherent challenge to model the geometric relationship among two scenes with implicit representations. The existing methods usually convert the implicit representation to explicit representation for further registration. Most recently, Gaussian Splatting (GS) is introduced, employing explicit 3D Gaussian. This method significantly enhances rendering speed while maintaining high rendering quality. Given two scenes with explicit GS representations, in this work, we explore the 3D registration task between them. To this end, we propose GaussReg, a novel coarse-to-fine framework, both fast and accurate. The coarse stage follows existing point cloud registration methods and estimates a rough alignment for point clouds from GS. We further newly present an image-guided fine registration approach, which renders images from GS to provide more detailed geometric information for precise alignment. To support comprehensive evaluation, we carefully build a scene-level dataset called ScanNet-GSReg with 1379 scenes obtained from the ScanNet dataset and collect an in-the-wild dataset called GSReg. Experimental results demonstrate our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets. Our GaussReg is 44× faster than HLoc (SuperPoint as the feature extractor and SuperGlue as the matcher) with comparable accuracy."
Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediators
Authors: Yifan Pu*, Zhuofan Xia, Jiayi Guo, Dongchen Han, Qixiu Li, Duo Li, Yuhui Yuan, Ji Li, Yizeng Han, Shiji Song, Gao Huang*, Xiu Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This paper identifies significant redundancy in the query-key interactions within self-attention mechanisms of diffusion transformer models, particularly during the early stages of denoising diffusion steps. In response to this observation, we present a novel diffusion transformer framework incorporating an additional set of mediator tokens to engage with queries and keys separately. By modulating the number of mediator tokens during the denoising generation phases, our model initiates the denoising process with a precise, non-ambiguous stage and gradually transitions to a phase enriched with detail. Concurrently, integrating mediator tokens simplifies the attention module’s complexity to a linear scale, enhancing the efficiency of global attention processes. Additionally, we propose a time-step dynamic mediator token adjustment mechanism that further decreases the required computational FLOPs for generation, simultaneously facilitating the generation of high-quality images within the constraints of varied inference budgets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the generated image quality while also reducing the inference cost of diffusion transformers. When integrated with the recent work SiT, our method achieves a state-of-the-art FID score of 2.01. The source code is available at https://github.com/LeapLabTHU/Attention-Mediators."
Open Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding via Geometry Guided Self-Distillation
Authors: Pengfei Wang*, Yuxi Wang, Shuai Li, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Zhen Lei, Lei Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The scarcity of large-scale 3D-text paired data poses a great challenge on open vocabulary 3D scene understanding, and hence it is popular to leverage internet-scale 2D data and transfer their open vocabulary capabilities to 3D models through knowledge distillation. However, the existing distillation-based 3D scene understanding approaches rely on the representation capacity of 2D models, disregarding the exploration of geometric priors and inherent representational advantages offered by 3D data. In this paper, we propose an effective approach, namely Geometry Guided Self-Distillation (GGSD), to learn superior 3D representations from 2D pre-trained models. Specifically, we first design a geometry guided distillation module to distill knowledge from 2D models, and then leverage the 3D geometric priors to alleviate the inherent noise in 2D models and enhance the representation learning process. Due to the advantages of 3D representation, the performance of the distilled 3D student model can significantly surpass that of the 2D teacher model. This motivates us to further leverage the representation advantages of 3D data through self-distillation. As a result, our proposed GGSD approach outperforms the existing open vocabulary 3D scene understanding methods by a large margin, as demonstrated by our experiments on both indoor and outdoor benchmark datasets. Codes are available at https://github.com/ Wang-pengfei/GGSD."
IAM-VFI : Interpolate Any Motion for Video Frame Interpolation with motion complexity map
Authors: Kihwan Yoon*, Yong Han Kim, Sungjei Kim*, Jinwoo Jeong*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Within the video, different regions have varying motion complexity, with simple regions containing static or global motion and complex regions containing fast motion or lots of local motion. In recent years, the performance of flow-based Video Frame Interpolation (VFI) algorithms has improved significantly. However, existing training methods train on randomly cropped regions of train data without considering the complexity of the motion. As a result, they cannot handle all regions of the frame that contain varying motion complexity. To solve this problem, we propose a novel VFI approach (IAM-VFI) that can interpolate any motion by considering the motion complexity of all regions in the frame. First, we propose a training data classification method for motion optimization based on each motion complexity. Then, using the proposed data, a flow estimation network generates optimized results for each complexity. Finally, we propose a Motion Complexity Estimation Network (MCENet) to generate a Motion Complexity Map (MCM) that can estimate the motion complexity of each region. Our proposed methods can be easily applied to most flow-based VFI algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed method can interpolate any motion and significantly improve the performance of existing VFI algorithms."
TIP: Tabular-Image Pre-training for Multimodal Classification with Incomplete Data
Authors: Siyi Du*, Shaoming Zheng, Yinsong Wang, Wenjia Bai, Declan P. O'Regan, Chen Qin*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Images and structured tables are essential parts of real-world databases. Though tabular-image representation learning is promising for creating new insights, it remains a challenging task, as tabular data is typically heterogeneous and incomplete, presenting significant modality disparities with images. Earlier works have mainly focused on simple modality fusion strategies in complete data scenarios, without considering the missing data issue, and thus are limited in practice. In this paper, we propose , a novel tabular-image pre-training framework for learning multimodal representations robust to incomplete tabular data. Specifically, investigates a novel self-supervised learning (SSL) strategy, including a masked tabular reconstruction task to tackle data missingness, and image-tabular matching and contrastive learning objectives to capture multimodal information. Moreover, proposes a versatile tabular encoder tailored for incomplete, heterogeneous tabular data and a multimodal interaction module for inter-modality representation learning. Experiments are performed on downstream multimodal classification tasks using both natural and medical image datasets. The results show that outperforms state-of-the-art supervised/SSL image/multimodal methods in both complete and incomplete data scenarios. Our code is available at https://github.com/siyi-wind/TIP."
Diffusion Model is a Good Pose Estimator from 3D RF-Vision
Authors: Junqiao Fan, Jianfei Yang*, Yuecong Xu, Lihua Xie
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Human pose estimation (HPE) from Radio Frequency vision (RF-vision) performs human sensing using RF signals that penetrate obstacles without revealing privacy (e.g., facial information). Recently, mmWave radar has emerged as a promising RF-vision sensor, providing radar point clouds by processing RF signals. However, the mmWave radar has a limited resolution with severe noise, leading to inaccurate and inconsistent human pose estimation. This work proposes mmDiff, a novel diffusion-based pose estimator tailored for noisy radar data. Our approach aims to provide reliable guidance as conditions to diffusion models. Two key challenges are addressed by mmDiff: (1) miss-detection of parts of human bodies, which is addressed by a module that isolates feature extraction from different body parts, and (2) signal inconsistency due to environmental interference, which is tackled by incorporating prior knowledge of body structure and motion. Several modules are designed to achieve these goals, whose features work as the conditions for the subsequent diffusion model, eliminating the miss-detection and instability of HPE based on RF-vision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that mmDiff outperforms existing methods significantly, achieving state-of-the-art performances on public datasets. 1 1 The project page of mmDiff is https://fanjunqiao.github.io/mmDiff-site/."
UPose3D: Uncertainty-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation with Cross-View and Temporal Cues
Authors: Vandad Davoodnia*, Saeed Ghorbani, Marc-André Carbonneau, Alexandre Messier, Ali Etemad
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce UPose3D, a novel approach for multi-view 3D human pose estimation, addressing challenges in accuracy and scalability. Our method advances existing pose estimation frameworks by improving robustness and flexibility without requiring direct 3D annotations. At the core of our method, a pose compiler module refines predictions from a 2D keypoints estimator that operates on a single image by leveraging temporal and cross-view information. Our novel cross-view fusion strategy is scalable to any number of cameras, while our synthetic data generation strategy ensures generalization across diverse actors, scenes, and viewpoints. Finally, UPose3D leverages the prediction uncertainty of both the 2D keypoint estimator and the pose compiler module. This provides robustness to outliers and noisy data, resulting in state-of-the-art performance in out-of-distribution settings. In addition, for in-distribution settings, UPose3D yields performance rivalling methods that rely on 3D annotated data while being the state-of-the-art among methods relying only on 2D supervision."
Learning 3D-aware GANs from Unposed Images with Template Feature Field
Authors: Xinya Chen, Hanlei Guo, Yanrui Bin, Shangzhan Zhang, Yuanbo Yang, Yujun Shen, Yue Wang, Yiyi Liao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Collecting accurate camera poses of training images has been shown to well serve the learning of 3D-aware generative adversarial networks (GANs) yet can be quite expensive in practice. This work targets learning 3D-aware GANs from unposed images, for which we propose to perform on-the-fly pose estimation of training images with a learned template feature field (). Concretely, in addition to a generative radiance field as in previous approaches, we ask the generator to also learn a field from 2D semantic features while sharing the density from the radiance field. Such a framework allows us to acquire a canonical 3D feature template leveraging the dataset mean discovered by the generative model, and further efficiently estimate the pose parameters on real data. Experimental results on various challenging datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art alternatives from both the qualitative and the quantitative perspectives. Project page: https://XDimlab. github.io/TeFF."
TAPTR: Tracking Any Point with Transformers as Detection
Authors: Hongyang Li*, Hao Zhang, Shilong Liu, Zhaoyang Zeng, Tianhe Ren, Feng Li, Lei Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach for Tracking Any Point with TRansformers (). Based on the observation that point tracking bears a great resemblance to object detection and tracking, we borrow designs from DETR-like algorithms to address the task of TAP. In , in each video frame, each tracking point is represented as a point query, which consists of a positional part and a content part. As in DETR, each query (its position and content feature) is naturally updated layer by layer. Its visibility is predicted by its updated content feature. Queries belonging to the same tracking point can exchange information through self-attention along the temporal dimension. As all such operations are well-designed in DETR-like algorithms, the model is conceptually very simple. We also adopt some useful designs such as cost volume from optical flow models and develop simple designs to provide long temporal information while mitigating the feature drifting issue. demonstrates strong performance with state-of-the-art performance on various datasets with faster inference speed."
Token Compensator: Altering Inference Cost of Vision Transformer without Re-Tuning
Authors: Shibo Jie, Yehui Tang, Jianyuan Guo, Zhi-Hong Deng*, Kai Han*, Yunhe Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Token compression expedites the training and inference of Vision Transformers (ViTs) by reducing the number of the redundant tokens, , pruning inattentive tokens or merging similar tokens. However, when applied to downstream tasks, these approaches suffer from significant performance drop when the compression degrees are mismatched between training and inference stages, which limits the application of token compression on off-the-shelf trained models. In this paper, we propose a model arithmetic framework to decouple the compression degrees between the two stages. In advance, we additionally perform a fast parameter-efficient self-distillation stage on the pre-trained models to obtain a small plugin, called Token Compensator (ToCom), which describes the gap between models across different compression degrees. During inference, ToCom can be directly inserted into any downstream off-the-shelf models with any mismatched training and inference compression degrees to acquire universal performance improvements without further training. Experiments on over 20 downstream tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. On CIFAR100, fine-grained visual classification, and VTAB-1k benchmark, ToCom can yield up to a maximum improvement of 2.3%, 1.5%, and 2.0% in the average performance of DeiT-B, respectively. 1 Corresponding Author."
Point-supervised Panoptic Segmentation via Estimating Pseudo Labels from Learnable Distance
Authors: Jing Li, Junsong Fan*, Zhaoxiang Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "To bridge the gap between point labels and per-pixel labels, existing point-supervised panoptic segmentation methods usually estimate dense pseudo labels by assigning unlabeled pixels to corresponding instances according to rule-based pixel-to-instance distances. These distances cannot be optimized by point labels end to end and are usually suboptimal, which result in inaccurate pseudo labels. Here we propose to assign unlabeled pixels to corresponding instances based on a learnable distance. Specifically, we represent each instance as an anchor query, then predict the pixel-to-instance distance based on the cross-attention between anchor queries and pixel features through a distance branch, the predicted distance is supervised by point labels end to end. In order that each query can accurately represent the corresponding instance, we iteratively improve anchor queries through query aggregating and query enhancing processes, then improved distance results and pseudo labels are predicted with these queries. We have experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach and achieved state-of-the-art results."
BRAVE: Broadening the visual encoding of vision-language models
Authors: Oğuzhan Fatih Kar*, Alessio Tonioni*, Petra Poklukar, Achin Kulshrestha, Amir Zamir, Federico Tombari
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Vision-language models (VLMs) are typically composed of a vision encoder, e.g. CLIP, and a language model (LM) that interprets the encoded features to solve downstream tasks. Despite remarkable progress, VLMs are subject to several shortcomings due to the limited capabilities of vision encoders, e.g. “blindness” to certain image features, visual hallucination, etc. To address these issues, we study broadening the visual encoding capabilities of VLMs. We first comprehensively benchmark several vision encoders with different inductive biases for solving VLM tasks. We observe that there is no single encoding configuration that consistently achieves top performance across different tasks, and encoders with different biases can perform surprisingly similarly. Motivated by this, we introduce a method, named , that consolidates features from multiple frozen encoders into a more versatile representation that can be directly fed as the input to a frozen LM. achieves state-of-the-art performance on a broad range of captioning and VQA benchmarks and significantly reduces the aforementioned issues of VLMs, while requiring a smaller number of trainable parameters than existing methods and having a more compressed representation. Our results highlight the potential of incorporating different visual biases for a more broad and contextualized visual understanding of VLMs."
HUMOS: Human Motion Model Conditioned on Body Shape
Authors: Shashank Tripathi*, Omid Taheri, Christoph Lassner*, Michael J. Black*, Daniel Holden*, Carsten Stoll*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Generating realistic human motion is crucial for many computer vision and graphics applications. The rich diversity of human body shapes and sizes significantly influences how people move. However, existing motion models typically overlook these differences, using a normalized, average body instead. This results in a homogenization of motion across human bodies, with motions not aligning with their physical attributes, thus limiting diversity. To address this, we propose a novel approach to learn a generative motion model conditioned on body shape. We demonstrate that it is possible to learn such a model from unpaired training data using cycle consistency, intuitive physics, and stability constraints that model the correlation between identity and movement. The resulting model produces diverse, physically plausible, and dynamically stable human motions that are quantitatively and qualitatively more realistic than existing state of the art. More details are available on our project page ."
Omni-Recon: Harnessing Image-based Rendering for General-Purpose Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Yonggan Fu, Huaizhi Qu, Zhifan Ye, Chaojian Li, Kevin Zhao, Yingyan (Celine) Lin*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recent breakthroughs in Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have sparked significant demand for their integration into real-world 3D applications. However, the varied functionalities required by different 3D applications often necessitate diverse NeRF models with various pipelines, leading to tedious NeRF training for each target task and cumbersome trial-and-error experiments. Drawing inspiration from the generalization capability and adaptability of emerging foundation models, our work aims to develop one general-purpose NeRF for handling diverse 3D tasks. We achieve this by proposing a framework called , which is capable of (1) generalizable 3D reconstruction and zero-shot multitask scene understanding, and (2) adaptability to diverse downstream 3D applications such as real-time rendering and scene editing. Our key insight is that an image-based rendering pipeline, with accurate geometry and appearance estimation, can lift 2D image features into their 3D counterparts, thus extending widely explored 2D tasks to the 3D world in a generalizable manner. Specifically, our features a general-purpose NeRF model using image-based rendering with two decoupled branches: one complex transformer-based branch that progressively fuses geometry and appearance features for accurate geometry estimation, and one lightweight branch for predicting blending weights of source views. This design achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) generalizable 3D surface reconstruction quality with blending weights reusable across diverse tasks for zero-shot multitask scene understanding. In addition, it can enable real-time rendering after baking the complex geometry branch into meshes, swift adaptation to achieve SOTA generalizable 3D understanding performance, and seamless integration with 2D diffusion models for text-guided 3D editing. Our code is available at: https://github.com/GATECH-EIC/Omni-Recon."
MVDiffHD: A Dense High-resolution Multi-view Diffusion Model for Single or Sparse-view 3D Object Reconstruction
Authors: Shitao Tang*, Jiacheng Chen, Dilin Wang, Chengzhou Tang, Fuyang Zhang, Yuchen Fan, Vikas Chandra, Yasutaka Furukawa, Rakesh Ranjan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This paper presents a neural architecture for 3D object reconstruction that synthesizes dense and high-resolution views of an object given one or a few images without camera poses. achieves superior flexibility and scalability with two surprisingly simple ideas: 1) A “pose-free architecture” where standard self-attention among 2D latent features learns 3D consistency across an arbitrary number of conditional and generation views without explicitly using camera pose information; and 2) A “view dropout strategy” that discards a substantial number of output views during training, which reduces the training-time memory footprint and enables dense and high-resolution view synthesis at test time. We use the Objaverse for training and the Google Scanned Objects for evaluation with standard novel view synthesis and 3D reconstruction metrics, where significantly outperforms the current state of the arts. We also demonstrate a text-to-3D application example by combining with a text-to-image generative model. The project page is at https://mvdiffusion-plusplus.github.io."
FlowCon: Out-of-Distribution Detection using Flow-based Contrastive Learning
Authors: Saandeep Aathreya*, Shaun Canavan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Identifying Out-of-distribution (OOD) data is becoming increasingly critical as the real-world applications of deep learning methods expand. Post-hoc methods modify softmax scores fine-tuned on outlier data or leverage intermediate feature layers to identify distinctive patterns between In-Distribution (ID) and OOD samples. Other methods focus on employing diverse OOD samples to learn discrepancies between ID and OOD. These techniques, however, are typically dependent on the quality of the outlier samples assumed. Density-based methods explicitly model class-conditioned distributions but this requires long training time or retraining the classifier. To tackle these issues, we introduce FlowCon, a new density-based OOD detection technique. Our main innovation lies in efficiently combining the properties of normalizing flow with supervised contrastive learning, ensuring robust representation learning with tractable density estimation. Empirical evaluation shows the enhanced performance of our method across common vision datasets such as CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 pretrained on ResNet18 and WideResNet classifiers. We also perform quantitative analysis using likelihood plots and qualitative visualization using UMAP embeddings and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method under various OOD contexts. Code can be found at https://github.com/saandeepa93/FlowCon_OOD."
LEIA: Latent View-invariant Embeddings for Implicit 3D Articulation
Authors: Archana Swaminathan*, Anubhav Gupta, Kamal Gupta, Shishira R Maiya, Vatsal Agarwal, Abhinav Shrivastava
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have revolutionized the reconstruction of static scenes and objects in 3D, offering unprecedented quality. However, extending NeRFs to model dynamic objects or object articulations remains a challenging problem. Previous works have tackled this issue by focusing on part-level reconstruction and motion estimation for objects, but they often rely on heuristics regarding the number of moving parts or object categories, which can limit their practical use. In this work, we introduce , a novel approach for representing dynamic 3D objects. Our method involves observing the object at distinct time steps or “states” and conditioning a hypernetwork on the current state, using this to parameterize our NeRF. This approach allows us to learn a view-invariant latent representation for each state. We further demonstrate that by interpolating between these states, we can generate novel articulation configurations in 3D space that were previously unseen. Our experimental results highlight the effectiveness of our method in articulating objects in a manner that is independent of the viewing angle and joint configuration. Notably, our approach outperforms previous methods that rely on motion information for articulation registration."
Un-EVIMO: Unsupervised Event-based Independent Motion Segmentation
Authors: Ziyun Wang*, Jinyuan Guo, Kostas Daniilidis
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Event cameras are a novel type of biologically inspired vision sensor known for their high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and low power consumption. Because of these properties, they are well-suited for processing fast motions that require rapid reactions. Event cameras have shown competitive performance in unsupervised optical flow estimation. However, performance in detecting independently moving objects (IMOs) is lacking behind, although event-based methods would be suited for this task based on their low latency and HDR properties. Previous approaches to event-based IMO segmentation heavily depended on labeled data. However, biological vision systems have developed the ability to avoid moving objects through daily tasks without using explicit labels. In this work, we propose the first event framework that generates IMO pseudo-labels using geometric constraints. Due to its unsupervised nature, our method can flexibly handle a non-predetermined arbitrary number of objects and is easily scalable to datasets where expensive IMO labels are not readily available. Our approach shows competitive performance on the EVIMO dataset compared with supervised methods, both quantitatively and qualitatively. See the project website for details: https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ziyunw/un_evimo/."
Seeing the Unseen: A Frequency Prompt Guided Transformer for Image Restoration
Authors: Shihao Zhou, Jinshan Pan, Jinglei Shi*, Duosheng Chen, Lishen Qu, Jufeng Yang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "How to explore useful features from images as prompts to guide the deep image restoration models is an effective way to solve image restoration. In contrast to mining spatial relations within images as prompt, which leads to characteristics of different frequencies being neglected and further remaining subtle or undetectable artifacts in the restored image, we develop a Frequency Prompting image restoration method, dubbed FPro, which can effectively provide prompt components from a frequency perspective to guild the restoration model address these differences. Specifically, we first decompose input features into separate frequency parts via dynamically learned filters, where we introduce a gating mechanism for suppressing the less informative elements within the kernels. To propagate useful frequency information as prompt, we then propose a dual prompt block, consisting of a low-frequency prompt modulator (LPM) and a high-frequency prompt modulator (HPM), to handle signals from different bands respectively. Each modulator contains a generation process to incorporate prompting components into the extracted frequency maps, and a modulation part that modifies the prompt feature with the guidance of the decoder features. Experimental results on several popular datasets have demonstrated the favorable performance of our pipeline against SOTA methods on 5 image restoration tasks, including deraining, deraindrop, demoiréing, deblurring, and dehazing. The source code is available at https://github.com/joshyZhou/FPro."
CityGaussian: Real-time High-quality Large-Scale Scene Rendering with Gaussians
Authors: Yang Liu, Chuanchen Luo, Lue Fan, Naiyan Wang, Junran Peng*, Zhaoxiang Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The advancement of real-time 3D scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis has been significantly propelled by 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). However, effectively training large-scale 3DGS and rendering it in real-time across various scales remains challenging. This paper introduces CityGaussian (CityGS), which employs a novel divide-and-conquer training approach and Level-of-Detail (LoD) strategy for efficient large-scale 3DGS training and rendering. Specifically, the global scene prior and adaptive training data selection enables efficient training and seamless fusion. Based on fused Gaussian primitives, we generate different detail levels through compression, and realize fast rendering across various scales through the proposed block-wise detail levels selection and aggregation strategy. Extensive experimental results on large-scale scenes demonstrate that our approach attains state-of-the-art rendering quality, enabling consistent real-time rendering of large-scale scenes across vastly different scales. Our project page is available at https://dekuliutesla.github.io/citygs/."
Bayesian Evidential Deep Learning for Online Action Detection
Authors: Hongji Guo, Hanjing Wang, Qiang Ji*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Online action detection aims at identifying the ongoing action in a streaming video without seeing the future. Timely and reliable response is critical for real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce Bayesian Evidential Deep Learning (BEDL), an efficient and generalizable framework for online action detection and uncertainty quantification. Specifically, we combine Bayesian neural networks and evidential deep learning by a teacher-student architecture. The teacher model is built in a Bayesian manner and transfers its mutual information and distribution to the student model through evidential deep learning. In this way, the student model can make accurate online inference while efficiently quantifying the uncertainty. Compared to existing evidential deep learning methods, BEDL estimates uncertainty more accurately by leveraging the Bayesian teacher model. In addition, we designed an attention module for active OAD, which actively selects important features based on the Bayesian mutual information instead of using all the features. We evaluated BEDL on benchmark datasets including THUMPS’14, TVSeries, and HDD. BEDL achieves competitive performance while keeping efficient inference. Extensive ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of each component. To verify the uncertainty quantification, we perform experiments of online anomaly detection with different types of uncertainties."
AdaNAT: Exploring Adaptive Policy for Token-Based Image Generation
Authors: Zanlin Ni, Yulin Wang, Renping Zhou, Rui Lu, Jiayi Guo, Jinyi Hu, Zhiyuan Liu, Yuan Yao*, Gao Huang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of token-based methods for visual content generation. As a representative work, non-autoregressive Transformers (NATs) are able to synthesize images with decent quality in a small number of steps. However, NATs usually necessitate configuring a complicated generation policy comprising multiple manually-designed scheduling rules. These heuristic-driven rules are prone to sub-optimality and come with the requirements of expert knowledge and labor-intensive efforts. Moreover, their one-size-fits-all nature cannot flexibly adapt to the diverse characteristics of each individual sample. To address these issues, we propose , a learnable approach that automatically configures a suitable policy tailored for every sample to be generated. In specific, we formulate the determination of generation policies as a Markov decision process. Under this framework, a lightweight policy network for generation can be learned via reinforcement learning. Importantly, we demonstrate that simple reward designs such as FID or pre-trained reward models, may not reliably guarantee the desired quality or diversity of generated samples. Therefore, we propose an adversarial reward design to guide the training of policy networks effectively. Comprehensive experiments on four benchmark datasets, , ImageNet-2562 &5122 , MS-COCO, and CC3M, validate the effectiveness of . Code and pre-trained models will be released at https://github.com/LeapLabTHU/AdaNAT."
Rethinking Data Augmentation for Robust LiDAR Semantic Segmentation in Adverse Weather
Authors: Junsung Park, Kyungmin Kim, Hyunjung Shim*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Existing LiDAR semantic segmentation methods often struggle with performance declines in adverse weather conditions. Previous work has addressed this issue by simulating adverse weather or employing universal data augmentation during training. However, these methods lack a detailed analysis and understanding of how adverse weather negatively affects LiDAR semantic segmentation performance. Motivated by this issue, we identified key factors of adverse weather and conducted a toy experiment to pinpoint the main causes of performance degradation: (1) Geometric perturbation due to refraction caused by fog or droplets in the air and (2) Point drop due to energy absorption and occlusions. Based on these findings, we propose new strategic data augmentation techniques. First, we introduced a Selective Jittering (SJ) that jitters points in the random range of depth (or angle) to mimic geometric perturbation. Additionally, we developed a Learnable Point Drop (LPD) to learn vulnerable erase patterns with a Deep Q-Learning Network to approximate the point drop phenomenon from adverse weather conditions. Without precise weather simulation, these techniques strengthen the LiDAR semantic segmentation model by exposing it to vulnerable conditions identified by our data-centric analysis. Experimental results confirmed the suitability of the proposed data augmentation methods for enhancing robustness against adverse weather conditions. Our method achieves a notable 39.5 mIoU on the SemanticKITTI-to-SemanticSTF benchmark, improving the baseline by 8.1%p and establishing a new state-of-the-art. Our code will be released at https://github.com/engineerJPark/LiDARWeather."
Diffusion-Generated Pseudo-Observations for High-Quality Sparse-View Reconstruction
Authors: Xinhang Liu*, Jiaben Chen, Shiu-Hong Kao, Yu-Wing Tai, Chi-Keung Tang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Novel view synthesis via Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) or 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) typically necessitates dense observations with hundreds of input images to circumvent artifacts. We introduce Deceptive-NeRF/3DGS1 to enhance sparse-view reconstruction with only a limited set of input images, by leveraging a diffusion model pre-trained from multiview datasets. Different from using diffusion priors to regularize representation optimization, our method directly uses diffusion-generated images to train NeRF/3DGS as if they were real input views. Specifically, we propose a deceptive diffusion model turning noisy images rendered from few-view reconstructions into high-quality photorealistic pseudo-observations. To resolve consistency among pseudo-observations and real input views, we develop an uncertainty measure to guide the diffusion model’s generation. Our system progressively incorporates diffusion-generated pseudo-observations into the training image sets, ultimately densifying the sparse input observations by 5 to 10 times. Extensive experiments across diverse and challenging datasets validate that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods and is capable of synthesizing novel views with super-resolution in the few-view setting. Project page: https://xinhangliu.com/deceptive-nerf-3dgs. 1 In harmonic progression, a Deceptive Cadence may disrupt expectations of chord progression but enriches the emotional expression of the music. Our Deceptive-X, where “X” can be NeRF, 3DGS, or a pertinent 3D reconstruction framework—counters overfitting to sparse input views by densely synthesizing consistent pseudo-observations, enriching the original sparse inputs by fivefold to tenfold."
Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Quantized Diffusion Model
Authors: Hyogon Ryu, Seohyun Lim, Hyunjung Shim*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The emergence of billion-parameter diffusion models such as Stable Diffusion XL, Imagen, and DALL-E 3 has significantly propelled the domain of generative AI. However, their large-scale architecture presents challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to high resource demands and slow inference speed. This paper explores the relatively unexplored yet promising realm of fine-tuning quantized diffusion models. Our analysis revealed that the baseline neglects the distinct patterns in model weights and the different roles throughout time steps when finetuning the diffusion model. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel memory-efficient fine-tuning method specifically designed for quantized diffusion models, dubbed TuneQDM. Our approach introduces quantization scales as separable functions to consider inter-channel weight patterns. Then, it optimizes these scales in a timestep-specific manner for effective reflection of the role of each time step. TuneQDM achieves performance on par with its full-precision counterpart while simultaneously offering significant memory efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms the baseline in both single-/multi-subject generations, exhibiting high subject fidelity and prompt fidelity comparable to the full precision model."
VCD-Texture: Variance Alignment based 3D-2D Co-Denoising for Text-Guided Texturing
Authors: Shang Liu*, Chaohui Yu, Chenjie Cao, Wen Qian, Fan Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recent research on texture synthesis for 3D shapes benefits a lot from dramatically developed 2D text-to-image diffusion models, including inpainting-based and optimization-based approaches. However, these methods ignore the modal gap between the 2D diffusion model and 3D objects, which primarily render 3D objects into 2D images and texture each image separately. In this paper, we revisit the texture synthesis and propose a Variance alignment based 3D-2D Collaborative Denoising framework, dubbed VCD-Texture, to address these issues. Formally, we first unify both 2D and 3D latent feature learning in diffusion self-attention modules with re-projected 3D attention receptive fields. Subsequently, the denoised multi-view 2D latent features are aggregated into 3D space and then rasterized back to formulate more consistent 2D predictions. However, the rasterization process suffers from an intractable variance bias, which is theoretically addressed by the proposed variance alignment, achieving high-fidelity texture synthesis. Moreover, we present an inpainting refinement to further improve the details with conflicting regions. Notably, there is not a publicly available benchmark to evaluate texture synthesis, which hinders its development. Thus we construct a new evaluation set built upon three open-source 3D datasets and propose to use four metrics to thoroughly validate the texturing performance. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that VCD-Texture achieves superior performance against other counterparts."
MotionLCM: Real-time Controllable Motion Generation via Latent Consistency Model
Authors: Wenxun Dai, Ling-Hao Chen, Jingbo Wang*, Jinpeng Liu, Bo Dai*, Yansong Tang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This work introduces MotionLCM, extending controllable motion generation to a real-time level. Existing methods for spatial-temporal control in text-conditioned motion generation suffer from significant runtime inefficiency. To address this issue, we first propose the motion latent consistency model (MotionLCM) for motion generation, building upon the latent diffusion model [?]. By adopting one-step (or few-step) inference, we further improve the runtime efficiency of the motion latent diffusion model for motion generation. To ensure effective controllability, we incorporate a motion ControlNet within the latent space of MotionLCM and enable explicit control signals (e.g., initial poses) in the vanilla motion space to control the generation process directly, similar to controlling other latent-free diffusion models [?, ?] for motion generation. By employing these techniques, our approach can generate human motions with text and control signals in real-time. Experimental results demonstrate the remarkable generation and controlling capabilities of MotionLCM while maintaining real-time runtime efficiency."