mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Real-RawVSR: Real-World Raw Video Super-Resolution with a Benchmark Dataset
Authors: Huanjing Yue, Zhiming Zhang, Jingyu Yang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "In recent years, real image super-resolution (SR) has achieved promising results due to the development of SR datasets and corresponding real SR methods. In contrast, the field of real video SR is lagging behind, especially for real raw videos. Considering the superiority of raw image SR over sRGB image SR, we construct a real-world raw video SR (Real-RawVSR) dataset and propose a corresponding SR method. We utilize two DSLR cameras and a beam-splitter to simultaneously capture low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) raw videos with 2x, 3x, and 4x magnifications. There are 450 video pairs in our dataset, with scenes varying from indoor to outdoor, and motions including camera and object movements. To our knowledge, this is the first real-world raw VSR dataset. Since the raw video is characterized by the Bayer pattern, we propose a two-branch network, which deals with both the packed RGGB sequence and the original Bayer pattern sequence, and the two branches are complementary to each other. After going through the proposed co-alignment, interaction, fusion, and reconstruction modules, we generate the corresponding HR sRGB sequence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms benchmark real and synthetic video SR methods with either raw or sRGB inputs. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/zmzhang1998/Real-RawVSR."
Transform Your Smartphone into a DSLR Camera: Learning the ISP in the Wild
Authors: Ardhendu Shekhar Tripathi, Martin Danelljan, Samarth Shukla, Radu Timofte, Luc Van Gool
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We propose a trainable Image Signal Processing (ISP) framework that produces DSLR quality images given RAW images captured by a smartphone. To address the color misalignments between training image pairs, we employ a color-conditional ISP network and optimize a novel parametric color mapping between each input RAW and reference DSLR image. During inference, we predict the target color image by designing a color prediction network with efficient Global Context Transformer modules. The latter effectively leverage global information to learn consistent color and tone mappings. We further propose a robust masked aligned loss to identify and discard regions with inaccurate motion estimation during training. Lastly, we introduce the ISP in the Wild (ISPW) dataset, consisting of weakly paired phone RAW and DSLR sRGB images. We extensively evaluate our method, setting a new state-of-the-art on two datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/4rdhendu/TransformPhone2DSLR."
Learning Deep Non-Blind Image Deconvolution without Ground Truths
Authors: Yuhui Quan, Zhuojie Chen, Huan Zheng, Hui Ji
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Non-blind image deconvolution (NBID) is about restoring a latent sharp image from a blurred one, given an associated blur kernel. Most existing deep neural networks for NBID are trained over many ground truth (GT) images, which limits their applicability in practical applications such as microscopic imaging and medical imaging. This paper proposes an unsupervised deep learning approach for NBID which avoids accessing GT images. The challenge raised from the absence of GT images is tackled by a self-supervised reconstruction loss that approximates its supervised counterpart well. The possible errors of blur kernels are addressed by a self-supervised prediction loss based on intermediate samples as well as an ensemble inference scheme based on kernel perturbation. The experiments show that the proposed approach provides very competitive performance to existing supervised learning-based methods, no matter under accurate kernels or erroneous kernels."
NEST: Neural Event Stack for Event-Based Image Enhancement
Authors: Minggui Teng, Chu Zhou, Hanyue Lou, Boxin Shi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Event cameras demonstrate unique characteristics such as high temporal resolution, low latency, and high dynamic range to improve performance for various image enhancement tasks. However, event streams cannot be applied to neural networks directly due to their sparse nature. To integrate events into traditional computer vision algorithms, an appropriate event representation is desirable, while existing voxel grid and event stack representations are less effective in encoding motion and temporal information. This paper presents a novel event representation named Neural Event STack (NEST), which satisfies physical constraints and encodes comprehensive motion and temporal information sufficient for image enhancement. We apply our representation on multiple tasks, which achieves superior performance on image deblurring and image super-resolution than state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real datasets. And we further demonstrate the possibility to generate high frame rate videos with our novel event representation."
Editable Indoor Lighting Estimation
Authors: Henrique Weber, Mathieu Garon, Jean-François Lalonde
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We present a method for estimating lighting from a single perspective image of an indoor scene. Previous methods for predicting indoor illumination usually focus on either simple, parametric lighting that lack realism, or on richer representations that are difficult or even impossible to understand or modify after prediction. We propose a pipeline that estimates a parametric light that is easy to edit and allows renderings with strong shadows, alongside with a non-parametric texture with high-frequency information necessary for realistic rendering of specular objects. Once estimated, the predictions obtained with our model are interpretable and can easily be modified by an artist/user with a few mouse clicks. Quantitative and qualitative results show that our approach makes indoor lighting estimation easier to handle by a casual user, while still producing competitive results."
Fast Two-Step Blind Optical Aberration Correction
Authors: Thomas Eboli, Jean-Michel Morel, Gabriele Facciolo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "The optics of any camera degrades the sharpness of photographs, which is a key visual quality criterion. This degradation is characterized by the point-spread function (PSF), which depends on the wavelengths of light and is variable across the imaging field. In this paper, we propose a two-step scheme to correct optical aberrations in a single raw or JPEG image, i.e., without any prior information on the camera or lens. First, we estimate local Gaussian blur kernels for overlapping patches and sharpen them with a non-blind deblurring technique. Based on the measurements of the PSFs of dozens of lenses, these blur kernels are modeled as RGB Gaussians defined by seven parameters. Second, we remove the remaining lateral chromatic aberrations (not contemplated in the first step) with a convolutional neural network, trained to minimize the red/green and blue/green residual images. Experiments on both synthetic and real images show that the combination of these two stages yields a fast state-of-the-art blind optical aberration compensation technique that competes with commercial non-blind algorithms."
Seeing Far in the Dark with Patterned Flash
Authors: Zhanghao Sun, Jian Wang, Yicheng Wu, Shree Nayar
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Flash illumination is widely used in imaging under low-light environments. However, illumination intensity falls off with propagation distance quadratically, which poses significant challenges for flash imaging at a long distance. We propose a new flash technique, named “patterned flash”, for flash imaging at a long distance. Patterned flash concentrates optical power into a dot array. Compared with the conventional uniform flash where the signal is overwhelmed by the noise everywhere, patterned flash provides stronger signals at sparsely distributed points across the field of view to ensure the signals at those points stand out from the sensor noise. This enables post-processing to resolve important objects and details. Additionally, the patterned flash projects texture onto the scene, which can be treated as a structured light system for depth perception. Given the novel system, we develop a joint image reconstruction and depth estimation algorithm with a convolutional neural network. We build a hardware prototype and test the proposed flash technique on various scenes. The experimental results demonstrate that our patterned flash has significantly better performance at long distances in low-light environments. Our code and data are publicly available."
PseudoClick: Interactive Image Segmentation with Click Imitation
Authors: Qin Liu, Meng Zheng, Benjamin Planche, Srikrishna Karanam, Terrence Chen, Marc Niethammer, Ziyan Wu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "The goal of click-based interactive image segmentation is to obtain precise object segmentation masks with limited user interaction, i.e., by a minimal number of user clicks. Existing methods require users to provide all the clicks: by first inspecting the segmentation mask and then providing points on mislabeled regions, iteratively. We ask the question: can our model directly predict where to click, so as to further reduce the user interaction cost? To this end, we propose PseudoClick, a generic framework that enables existing segmentation networks to propose candidate next clicks. These automatically generated clicks, termed pseudo clicks in this work, serve as an imitation of human clicks to refine the segmentation mask. We build PseudoClick on existing segmentation backbones and show how our click prediction mechanism leads to improved performance. We evaluate PseudoClick on 10 public datasets from different domains and modalities, showing that our model not only outperforms existing approaches but also demonstrates strong generalization capability in cross-domain evaluation. We obtain new state-of-the-art results on several popular benchmarks, e.g., on the PASCAL dataset, our model significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art by reducing 12.4% and 11.4% number of clicks to achieve 85% and 90% IoU, respectively."
CT2: Colorization Transformer via Color Tokens
Authors: Shuchen Weng, Jimeng Sun, Yu Li, Si Li, Boxin Shi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Automatic image colorization is an ill-posed problem with multi-modal uncertainty, and there remains two main challenges with previous methods: incorrect semantic colors and under-saturation. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end transformer-based model to overcome these challenges. Benefited from the long-range context extraction of transformer and our holistic architecture, our method could colorize images with more diverse colors. Besides, we introduce color tokens into our approach and treat the colorization task as a classification problem, which increases the saturation of results. We also propose a series of modules to make image features interact with color tokens, and restrict the range of possible color candidates, which makes our results visually pleasing and reasonable. In addition, our method does not require any additional external priors, which ensures its well generalization capability. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance than previous works."
Simple Baselines for Image Restoration
Authors: Liangyu Chen, Xiaojie Chu, Xiangyu Zhang, Jian Sun
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Although there have been significant advances in the field of image restoration recently, the system complexity of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods is increasing as well, which may hinder the convenient analysis and comparison of methods. In this paper, we propose a simple baseline that exceeds the SOTA methods and is computationally efficient. To further simplify the baseline, we reveal that the nonlinear activation functions, e.g. Sigmoid, ReLU, GELU, Softmax, etc. are not necessary: they could be replaced by multiplication or removed. Thus, we derive a Nonlinear Activation Free Network, namely NAFNet, from the baseline. SOTA results are achieved on various challenging benchmarks, e.g. 33.69 dB PSNR on GoPro (for image deblurring), exceeding the previous SOTA 0.38 dB with only 8.4% of its computational costs; 40.30 dB PSNR on SIDD (for image denoising), exceeding the previous SOTA 0.28 dB with less than half of its computational costs. The code and the pre-trained models are released at https://github.com/megvii-research/NAFNet."
Spike Transformer: Monocular Depth Estimation for Spiking Camera
Authors: Jiyuan Zhang, Lulu Tang, Zhaofei Yu, Jiwen Lu, Tiejun Huang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Spiking camera is a bio-inspired vision sensor that mimics the sampling mechanism of the primate fovea, which has shown great potential for capturing high-speed dynamic scenes with a sampling rate of 40,000 Hz. Unlike conventional digital cameras, the spiking camera continuously captures photons and outputs asynchronous binary spikes that encode time, location, and light intensity. Because of the different sampling mechanisms, the off-the-shelf image-based algorithms for digital cameras are unsuitable for spike streams generated by the spiking camera. Therefore, it is of particular interest to develop novel, spike-aware algorithms for common computer vision tasks. In this paper, we focus on the depth estimation task, which is challenging due to the natural properties of spike streams, such as irregularity, continuity, and spatial-temporal correlation, and has not been explored for the spiking camera. We present Spike Transformer (Spike-T), a novel paradigm for learning spike data and estimating monocular depth from continuous spike streams. To fit spike data to Transformer, we present an input spike embedding equipped with a spatio-temporal patch partition module to maintain features from both spatial and temporal domains. Furthermore, we build two spike-based depth datasets. One is synthetic, and the other is captured by a real spiking camera. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Spike-T can favorably predict the scene’s depth and consistently outperform its direct competitors. More importantly, the representation learned by Spike-T transfers well to the unseen real data, indicating the generalization of Spike-T to real-world scenarios. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that directly depth estimation from spike streams becomes possible. Code and Datasets are available at https://github.com/Leozhangjiyuan/MDE-SpikingCamera."
Improving Image Restoration by Revisiting Global Information Aggregation
Authors: Xiaojie Chu, Liangyu Chen, Chengpeng Chen, Xin Lu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Global operations, such as global average pooling, are widely used in top-performance image restorers. They aggregate global information from input features along entire spatial dimensions but behave differently during training and inference in image restoration tasks: they are based on different regions, namely the cropped patches (from images) and the full-resolution images. This paper revisits global information aggregation and finds that the image-based features during inference have a different distribution than the patch-based features during training. This train-test inconsistency negatively impacts the performance of models, which is severely overlooked by previous works. To reduce the inconsistency and improve test-time performance, we propose a simple method called Test-time Local Converter (TLC). Our TLC converts global operations to local ones only during inference so that they aggregate features within local spatial regions rather than the entire large images. The proposed method can be applied to various global modules (e.g., normalization, channel and spatial attention) with negligible costs. Without the need for any fine-tuning, TLC improves state-of-the-art results on several image restoration tasks, including single-image motion deblurring, video deblurring, defocus deblurring, and image denoising. In particular, with TLC, our Restormer-Local improves the state-of-the-art result in single image deblurring from 32.92 dB to 33.57 dB on GoPro dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/megvii-research/tlc."
Data Association between Event Streams and Intensity Frames under Diverse Baselines
Authors: Dehao Zhang, Qiankun Ding, Peiqi Duan, Chu Zhou, Boxin Shi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "This paper proposes a learning-based framework to associate event streams and intensity frames under diverse camera baselines, to simultaneously benefit to camera pose estimation under large baseline and depth estimation under small baseline. Based on the observation that event streams are globally sparse (a small percentage of pixels in global frames are triggered with events) and locally dense (a large percentage of pixels in local patches are triggered with events) in the spatial domain, we put forward a two-stage architecture for matching feature maps. LSparse-Net uses a large receptive field to find sparse matches while SDense-Net uses a small receptive field to find dense matches. Both two stages apply transformer modules with self-attention layers and cross-attention layers to effectively process multi-resolution features from the feature pyramid network backbone. Experimental results on public datasets show systematic performance improvement for both tasks compared to state-of-the-art methods."
D2HNet: Joint Denoising and Deblurring with Hierarchical Network for Robust Night Image Restoration
Authors: Yuzhi Zhao, Yongzhe Xu, Qiong Yan, Dingdong Yang, Xuehui Wang, Lai-Man Po
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Night imaging with modern smartphone cameras is troublesome due to low photon count and unavoidable noise in the imaging system. Directly adjusting exposure time and ISO ratings cannot obtain sharp and noise-free images at the same time in low-light conditions. Though many methods have been proposed to enhance noisy or blurry night images, their performances on real-world night photos are still unsatisfactory due to two main reasons: 1) Limited information in a single image and 2) Domain gap between synthetic training images and real-world photos (e.g., differences in blur area and resolution). To exploit the information from successive long- and short-exposure images, we propose a learning-based pipeline to fuse them. A D2HNet framework is developed to recover a high-quality image by deblurring and enhancing a long-exposure image under the guidance of a short-exposure image. To shrink the domain gap, we leverage a two-phase DeblurNet-EnhanceNet architecture, which performs accurate blur removal on a fixed low resolution so that it is able to handle large ranges of blur in different resolution inputs. In addition, we synthesize a D2-Dataset from HD videos and experiment on it. The results on the validation set and real photos demonstrate our methods achieve better visual quality and state-of-the-art quantitative scores. The D2HNet codes and D2-Dataset can be found at https://github.com/zhaoyuzhi/D2HNet."
Learning Graph Neural Networks for Image Style Transfer
Authors: Yongcheng Jing, Yining Mao, Yiding Yang, Yibing Zhan, Mingli Song, Xinchao Wang, Dacheng Tao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "State-of-the-art parametric and non-parametric style transfer approaches are prone to either distorted local style patterns due to global statistics alignment, or unpleasing artifacts resulting from patch mismatching. In this paper, we study a novel semi-parametric neural style transfer framework that alleviates the deficiency of both parametric and non-parametric stylization. The core idea of our approach is to establish accurate and fine-grained content-style correspondences using graph neural networks (GNNs). To this end, we develop an elaborated GNN model with content and style local patches as the graph vertices. The style transfer procedure is then modeled as the attention-based heterogeneous message passing between the style and content nodes in a learnable manner, leading to adaptive many-to-one style-content correlations at the local patch level. In addition, an elaborated deformable graph convolutional operation is introduced for cross-scale style-content matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed semi-parametric image stylization approach yields encouraging results on the challenging style patterns, preserving both global appearance and exquisite details. Furthermore, by controlling the number of edges at the inference stage, the proposed method also triggers novel functionalities like diversified patch-based stylization with a single model."
DeepPS2: Revisiting Photometric Stereo Using Two Differently Illuminated Images
Authors: Ashish Tiwari, Shanmuganathan Raman
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Estimating 3D surface normals through photometric stereo has been of great interest in computer vision research. Despite the success of existing traditional and deep learning-based methods, it is still challenging due to: (i) the requirement of three or more differently illuminated images, (ii) the inability to model unknown general reflectance, and (iii) the requirement of accurate 3D ground truth surface normals and known lighting information for training. In this work, we attempt to address an under-explored problem of photometric stereo using just two differently illuminated images, referred to as the PS2 problem. It is an intermediate case between a single image-based reconstruction method like Shape from Shading (SfS) and the traditional Photometric Stereo (PS), which requires three or more images. We propose an inverse rendering-based deep learning framework, called DeepPS2, that jointly performs surface normal, albedo, lighting estimation, and image relighting in a completely self-supervised manner with no requirement of ground truth data. We demonstrate how image relighting in conjunction with image reconstruction enhances the lighting estimation in a self-supervised setting."
Instance Contour Adjustment via Structure-Driven CNN
Authors: Shuchen Weng, Yi Wei, Ming-Ching Chang, Boxin Shi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Instance contour adjustment is desirable in image editing, which allows the contour of an instance in a photo to be either dilated or eroded via user sketching. This imposes several requirements for a favorable method in order to generate meaningful textures while preserving clear user-desired contours. Due to the ignorance of these requirements, the off-the-shelf image editing methods herein are unsuited. Therefore, we propose a specialized two-stage method. The first stage extracts the structural cues from the input image, and completes the missing structural cues for the adjusted area. The second stage is a structure-driven CNN which generates image textures following the guidance of the completed structural cues. In the structure-driven CNN, we redesign the context sampling strategy of the convolution operation and attention mechanism such that they can estimate and rank the relevance of the contexts based on the structural cues, and sample the top-ranked contexts regardless of their distribution on the image plane. Thus, the meaningfulness of image textures with clear and user-desired contours are guaranteed by the structure-driven CNN. In addition, our method does not require any semantic label as input, which thus ensures its well generalization capability. We evaluate our method against several baselines adapted from the related tasks, and the experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness."
Synthesizing Light Field Video from Monocular Video
Authors: Shrisudhan Govindarajan, Prasan Shedligeri, Sarah, Kaushik Mitra
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "The hardware challenges associated with light-field(LF) imaging has made it difficult for consumers to access its benefits like applications in post-capture focus and aperture control. Learning-based techniques which solve the ill-posed problem of LF reconstruction from sparse (1, 2 or 4) views have significantly reduced the requirement for complex hardware. LF video reconstruction from sparse views poses a special challenge as acquiring ground-truth for training these models is hard. Hence, we propose a self-supervised learning-based algorithm for LF video reconstruction from monocular videos. We use self-supervised geometric, photometric and temporal consistency constraints inspired from a recent self-supervised technique for LF video reconstruction from stereo video. Additionally, we propose three key techniques that are relevant to our monocular video input. We propose an explicit disocclusion handling technique that encourages the network to inpaint disoccluded regions in a LF frame, using information from adjacent input temporal frames. This is crucial for a self-supervised technique as a single input frame does not contain any information about the disoccluded regions. We also propose an adaptive low-rank representation that provides a significant boost in performance by tailoring the representation to each input scene. Finally, we also propose a novel refinement block that is able to exploit the available LF image data using supervised learning to further refine the reconstruction quality. Our qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrates the significance of each of the proposed building blocks and also the superior results compared to previous state-of-the-art monocular LF reconstruction techniques. We further validate our algorithm by reconstructing LF videos from monocular videos acquired using a commercial GoPro camera."
Human-Centric Image Cropping with Partition-Aware and Content-Preserving Features
Authors: Bo Zhang, Li Niu, Xing Zhao, Liqing Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Image cropping aims to find visually appealing crops in an image, which is an important yet challenging task. In this paper, we consider a specific and practical application: human-centric image cropping, which focuses on the depiction of a person. To this end, we propose a human-centric image cropping method with two novel feature designs for the candidate crop: partition-aware feature and content-preserving feature. For partition-aware feature, we divide the whole image into nine partitions based on the human bounding box and treat different partitions in a candidate crop differently conditioned on the human information. For content-preserving feature, we predict a heatmap indicating the important content to be included in a good crop, and extract the geometric relation between the heatmap and a candidate crop. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can perform favorably against state-of-the-art image cropping methods on human-centric image cropping task. Code is available at https://github.com/bcmi/Human-Centric-Image-Cropping."
DeMFI: Deep Joint Deblurring and Multi-Frame Interpolation with Flow-Guided Attentive Correlation and Recursive Boosting
Authors: Jihyong Oh, Munchurl Kim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We propose a novel joint deblurring and multi-frame interpolation (DeMFI) framework in a two-stage manner, called DeMFINet, which converts blurry videos of lower-frame-rate to sharp videos at higher-frame-rate based on flow-guided attentive-correlation-based feature bolstering (FAC-FB) module and recursive boosting (RB), in terms of multi-frame interpolation (MFI). Its baseline version performs featureflow-based warping with FAC-FB module to obtain a sharp-interpolated frame as well to deblur two center-input frames. Its extended version further improves the joint performance based on pixel-flow-based warping with GRU-based RB. Our FAC-FB module effectively gathers the distributed blurry pixel information over blurry input frames in featuredomain to improve the joint performances. RB trained with recursive boosting loss enables DeMFI-Net to adequately select smaller RB iterations for a faster runtime during inference, even after the training is finished. As a result, our DeMFI-Net achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performances for diverse datasets with significant margins compared to recent joint methods. All source codes, including pretrained DeMFI-Net, are publicly available at https://github.com/JihyongOh/DeMFI."
Neural Image Representations for Multi-Image Fusion and Layer Separation
Authors: Seonghyeon Nam, Marcus A. Brubaker, Michael S. Brown
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We propose a framework for aligning and fusing multiple images into a single view using neural image representations (NIRs), also known as implicit or coordinate-based neural representations. Our framework targets burst images that exhibit camera ego motion and potential changes in the scene. We describe different strategies for alignment depending on the nature of the scene motion---namely, perspective planar (i.e., homography), optical flow with minimal scene change, and optical flow with notable occlusion and disocclusion. With the neural image representation, our framework effectively combines multiple inputs into a single canonical view without the need for selecting one of the images as a reference frame. We demonstrate how to use this multi-frame fusion framework for various layer separation tasks."
Bringing Rolling Shutter Images Alive with Dual Reversed Distortion
Authors: Zhihang Zhong, Mingdeng Cao, Xiao Sun, Zhirong Wu, Zhongyi Zhou, Yinqiang Zheng, Stephen Lin, Imari Sato
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Rolling shutter (RS) distortion can be interpreted as the result of picking a row of pixels from instant global shutter (GS) frames over time during the exposure of the RS camera. This means that the information of each instant GS frame is partially, yet sequentially, embedded into the row-dependent distortion. Inspired by this fact, we address the challenging task of reversing this process, i.e., extracting undistorted GS frames from images suffering from RS distortion. However, since RS distortion is coupled with other factors such as readout settings and the relative velocity of scene elements to the camera, models that only exploit the geometric correlation between temporally adjacent images suffer from poor generality in processing data with different readout settings and dynamic scenes with both camera motion and object motion. In this paper, instead of two consecutive frames, we propose to exploit a pair of images captured by dual RS cameras with reversed RS directions for this highly challenging task. Grounded on the symmetric and complementary nature of dual reversed distortion, we develop a novel end-to-end model, IFED, to generate dual optical flow sequence through iterative learning of the velocity field during the RS time. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that IFED is superior to naive cascade schemes, as well as the state-of-the-art which utilizes adjacent RS images. Most importantly, although it is trained on a synthetic dataset, IFED is shown to be effective at retrieving GS frame sequences from real-world RS distorted images of dynamic scenes. Code is available at https://github.com/zzh-tech/Dual-Reversed-RS."
FILM: Frame Interpolation for Large Motion
Authors: Fitsum Reda, Janne Kontkanen, Eric Tabellion, Deqing Sun, Caroline Pantofaru, Brian Curless
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: We present a frame interpolation algorithm that synthesizes an engaging slow-motion video from near-duplicate photos which often exhibit large scene motion. Near-duplicates interpolation is an interesting new application, but large motion poses challenges to existing methods. To address this issue, we adapt a feature extractor that shares weights across the scales, and present a "scale-agnostic" motion estimator. It relies on the intuition that large motion at finer scales should be similar to small motion at coarser scales, which boosts the number of available pixels for large motion supervision. To inpaint wide disocclusions caused by large motion and synthesize crisp frames, we propose to optimize our network with the Gram matrix loss that measures the correlation difference between features. To simplify the training process, we further propose a unified single-network approach that removes the reliance on additional optical-flow or depth network and is trainable from frame triplets alone. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the Xiph large motion benchmark while performing favorably on Vimeo-90K, Middlebury and UCF101. Codes and pre-trained models are available at https://film-net.github.io.
Video Interpolation by Event-Driven Anisotropic Adjustment of Optical Flow
Authors: Song Wu, Kaichao You, Weihua He, Chen Yang, Yang Tian, Yaoyuan Wang, Ziyang Zhang, Jianxing Liao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Video frame interpolation is a challenging task due to the ever-changing real-world scene. Previous methods often calculate the bi-directional optical flows and then predict the intermediate optical flows under the linear motion assumptions, leading to isotropic intermediate flow generation. Follow-up research obtained anisotropic adjustment through estimated higher-order motion information with extra frames. Based on the motion assumptions, their methods are hard to model the complicated motion in real scenes. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end training method A^2OF for video frame interpolation with event-driven Anisotropic Adjustment of Optical Flows. Specifically, we use events to generate optical flow distribution masks for the intermediate optical flow, which can model the complicated motion between two frames. Our proposed method outperforms the previous methods in video frame interpolation, taking supervised event-based video interpolation to a higher stage."
EvAC3D: From Event-Based Apparent Contours to 3D Models via Continuous Visual Hulls
Authors: Ziyun Wang, Kenneth Chaney, Kostas Daniilidis
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "3D reconstruction from multiple views is a successful computer vision field with multiple deployments in applications. State of the art is based on traditional RGB frames that enable optimization of photo-consistency cross views. In this paper, we study the problem of 3D reconstruction from event-cameras, motivated by the advantages of event-based cameras in terms of low power and latency as well as by the biological evidence that eyes in nature capture the same data and still perceive well 3D shape. The foundation of our hypothesis that 3D-reconstruction is feasible using events lies in the information contained in the occluding contours and in the continuous scene acquisition with events. We propose Apparent Contour Events (ACE), a novel event-based representation that defines the geometry of the apparent contour of an object. We represent ACE by a spatially and temporally continuous implicit function defined in the event x-y-t space. Furthermore, we design a novel continuous Voxel Carving algorithm enabled by the high temporal resolution of the Apparent Contour Events. To evaluate the performance of the method, we collect MOEC-3D, a 3D event dataset of a set of common real-world objects. We demonstrate EvAC3D’s ability to reconstruct high-fidelity mesh surfaces from real event sequences while allowing the refinement of the 3D reconstruction for each individual event."
DCCF: Deep Comprehensible Color Filter Learning Framework for High-Resolution Image Harmonization
Authors: Ben Xue, Shenghui Ran, Quan Chen, Rongfei Jia, Binqiang Zhao, Xing Tang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Image color harmonization algorithm aims to automatically match the color distribution of foreground and background images captured in different conditions. Previous deep learning based models neglect two issues that are critical for practical applications, namely high resolution (HR) image processing and model comprehensibility. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Comprehensible Color Filter (DCCF) learning framework for high-resolution image harmonization. Specifically, DCCF first downsamples the original input image to its low-resolution (LR) counter-part, then learns four human comprehensible neural filters (i.e. hue, saturation, value and attentive rendering filters) in an end-to-end manner, finally applies these filters to the original input image to get the harmonized result. Benefiting from the comprehensible neural filters, we could provide a simple yet efficient handler for users to cooperate with deep model to get the desired results with very little effort when necessary. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of DCCF learning framework and it outperforms state-of-the-art post-processing method on iHarmony4 dataset on images’ full-resolutions by achieving 7.63% and 1.69% relative improvements on MSE and PSNR respectively. Our code is available at https://github.com/rockeyben/DCCF."
SelectionConv: Convolutional Neural Networks for Non-Rectilinear Image Data
Authors: David Hart, Michael Whitney, Bryan Morse
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Convolutional Neural Networks have revolutionized vision applications. There are image domains and representations, however, that cannot be handled by standard CNNs (e.g., spherical images, superpixels). Such data are usually processed using networks and algorithms specialized for each type. In this work, we show that it may not always be necessary to use specialized neural networks to operate on such spaces. Instead, we introduce a new structured graph convolution operator that can copy 2D convolution weights, transferring the capabilities of already trained traditional CNNs to our new graph network. This network can then operate on any data that can be represented as a positional graph. By converting non-rectilinear data to a graph, we can apply these convolutions on these irregular image domains without requiring training on large domain-specific datasets."
Spatial-Separated Curve Rendering Network for Efficient and High-Resolution Image Harmonization
Authors: Jingtang Liang, Xiaodong Cun, Chi-Man Pun, Jue Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Image harmonization aims to modify the color of the composited region according to the specific background. Previous works model this task as a pixel-wise image translation using UNet family structures. However, the model size and computational cost limit the ability of their models on edge devices and higher-resolution images. In this paper, we propose a spatial-separated curve rendering network (S2CRNet), a novel framework to prove that the simple global editing can effectively address this task as well as the challenge of high-resolution image harmonization for the first time. In S2CRNet, we design a curve rendering module (CRM) using spatial-specific knowledge to generate the parameters of the piece-wise curve mapping in the foreground region and we can directly render the original high-resolution images using the learned color curve. Besides, we also make two extensions of the proposed framework via cascaded refinement and semantic guidance. Experiments show that the proposed method reduces more than 90% of parameters compared with previous methods but still achieves the state-of-the-art performance on 3 benchmark datasets. Moreover, our method can work smoothly on higher resolution images with much lower GPU computational resources. The source codes are available at: \url{http://github.com/stefanLeong/S2CRNet}."
BigColor: Colorization Using a Generative Color Prior for Natural Images
Authors: Geonung Kim, Kyoungkook Kang, Seongtae Kim, Hwayoon Lee, Sehoon Kim, Jonghyun Kim, Seung-Hwan Baek, Sunghyun Cho
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "For realistic and vivid colorization, generative priors have recently been exploited. However, such generative priors often fail for in-the-wild complex images due to their limited representation space. In this paper, we propose BigColor, a novel colorization approach that provides vivid colorization for diverse in-the-wild images with complex structures. While previous generative priors are trained to synthesize both image structures and colors, we learn a generative color prior to focus on color synthesis given the spatial structure of an image. In this way, we reduce the burden of synthesizing image structures from the generative prior and expand its representation space to cover diverse images. To this end, we propose a BigGAN-inspired encoder-generator network that uses a spatial feature map instead of a spatially-flattened BigGAN latent code, resulting in an enlarged representation space. Our method enables robust colorization for diverse inputs in a single forward pass, supports arbitrary input resolutions, and provides multi-modal colorization results. We demonstrate that BigColor significantly outperforms existing methods especially on in-the-wild images with complex structures."
CADyQ: Content-Aware Dynamic Quantization for Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Cheeun Hong, Sungyong Baik, Heewon Kim, Seungjun Nah, Kyoung Mu Lee
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Despite breakthrough advances in image super-resolution (SR) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), SR has yet to enjoy ubiquitous applications due to the high computational complexity of SR networks. Quantization is one of the promising approaches to solve this problem. However, existing methods fail to quantize SR models with a bit-width lower than 8 bits, suffering from severe accuracy loss due to fixed bit-width quantization applied everywhere. In this work, to achieve high average bit-reduction with less accuracy loss, we propose a novel Content-Aware Dynamic Quantization (CADyQ) method for SR networks that allocates optimal bits to local regions and layers adaptively based on the local contents of an input image. To this end, a trainable bit selector module is introduced to determine the proper bit-width and quantization level for each layer and a given local image patch. This module is governed by the quantization sensitivity that is estimated by using both the average magnitude of image gradient of the patch and the standard deviation of the input feature of the layer. The proposed quantization pipeline has been tested on various SR networks and evaluated on several standard benchmarks extensively. Significant reduction in computational complexity and the elevated restoration accuracy clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CADyQ framework for SR. Codes are available at https://github.com/Cheeun/CADyQ."
Deep Semantic Statistics Matching (D2SM) Denoising Network
Authors: Kangfu Mei, Vishal M. Patel, Rui Huang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "The ultimate aim of image restoration like denoising is to find an exact correlation between the noisy and clear image domains. But the optimization of end-to-end denoising learning like pixel-wise losses is performed in a sample-to-sample manner, which ignores the intrinsic correlation of images, especially semantics. In this paper, we introduce the Deep Semantic Statistics Matching (D2SM) Denoising Network. It exploits semantic features of pretrained classification networks, then it implicitly matches the probabilistic distribution of clear images at the semantic feature space. By learning to preserve the semantic distribution of denoised images, we empirically find our method significantly improves the denoising capabilities of networks, and the denoised results can be better understood by high-level vision tasks. Comprehensive experiments conducted on the noisy Cityscapes dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method on both the denoising performance and semantic segmentation accuracy. Moreover, the performance improvement observed on our extended tasks including super-resolution and dehazing experiments shows its potentiality as a new general plug-and-play component."
3D Scene Inference from Transient Histograms
Authors: Sacha Jungerman, Atul Ingle, Yin Li, Mohit Gupta
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "Time-resolved image sensors that capture light at pico-to-nanosecond timescales were once limited to niche applications but are now rapidly becoming mainstream in consumer devices. We propose low-cost and low-power imaging modalities that capture scene information from minimal time-resolved image sensors with as few as one pixel. The key idea is to flood illuminate large scene patches (or the entire scene) with a pulsed light source and measure the time-resolved reflected light by integrating over the entire illuminated area. The one-dimensional measured temporal waveform, called transient, encodes both distances and albedoes at all visible scene points and as such is an aggregate proxy for the scene’s 3D geometry. We explore the viability and limitations of the transient waveforms for recovering scene information by itself, and also when combined with traditional RGB cameras. We show that plane estimation can be performed from a single transient and that using only a few more it is possible to recover a depth map of the whole scene. We also show two proof-of-concept hardware prototypes that demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for compact, mobile, and budget-limited applications."
Neural Space-Filling Curves
Authors: Hanyu Wang, Kamal Gupta, Larry Davis, Abhinav Shrivastava
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: "We present Neural Space-filling Curves (SFCs), a data-driven approach to infer a context-based scan order for a set of images. Linear ordering of pixels forms the basis for many applications such as video scrambling, compression, and auto-regressive models that are used in generative modeling for images. Existing algorithms resort to a fixed scanning algorithm such as Raster scan or Hilbert scan. Instead, our work learns a spatially coherent linear ordering of pixels from the dataset of images using a graph-based neural network. The resulting Neural SFC is optimized for an objective suitable for the downstream task when the image is traversed along with the scan line order. We show the advantage of using Neural SFCs in downstream applications such as image compression. Code available in the supplementary material."