mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
FACET: Fairness in Computer Vision Evaluation Benchmark
Authors: Laura Gustafson, Chloe Rolland, Nikhila Ravi, Quentin Duval, Aaron Adcock, Cheng-Yang Fu, Melissa Hall, Candace Ross
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Computer vision models have known performance disparities across attributes such as gender and skin tone. This means during tasks such as classification and detection, model performance differs for certain classes based on the demographics of the people in the image. These disparities have been shown to exist, but until now there has not been a unified approach to measure these differences for common use-cases of computer vision models. We present a new benchmark named FACET (FAirness in Computer Vision EvaluaTion), a large, publicly available evaluation set of 32k images for some of the most common vision tasks - image classification, object detection and segmentation. For every image in FACET, we hired expert reviewers to manually annotate person-related attributes such as perceived skin tone and hair type, manually draw bounding boxes and label fine-grained person-related classes such as disk jockey or guitarist. In addition, we use FACET to benchmark state-of-the-art vision models and present a deeper understanding of potential performance disparities and challenges across sensitive demographic attributes. With the exhaustive annotations collected, we probe models using single demographics attributes as well as multiple attributes using an intersectional approach (e.g. hair color and perceived skin tone). Our results show that classification, detection, segmentation, and visual grounding models exhibit performance disparities across demographic attributes and intersections of attributes. These harms suggest that not all people represented in datasets receive fair and equitable treatment in these vision tasks. We hope current and future results using our benchmark will contribute
 to fairer, more robust vision models. FACET is available publicly at https://facet.metademolab.com
Few-Shot Physically-Aware Articulated Mesh Generation via Hierarchical Deformation
Authors: Xueyi Liu, Bin Wang, He Wang, Li Yi
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We study the problem of few-shot physically-aware articulated mesh generation. By observing an articulated object dataset containing only a few examples, we wish to learn a model that can generate diverse meshes with high visual fidelity and physical validity. Previous mesh generative models either have difficulties in depicting a diverse data space from only a few examples or fail to ensure physical validity of their samples. Regarding the above challenges, we propose two key innovations, including 1) a hierarchical mesh deformation-based generative model based upon the divide-and-conquer philosophy to alleviate the few-shot challenge by borrowing transferrable deformation patterns from large scale rigid meshes and 2) a physics-aware deformation correction scheme to encourage physically plausible generations. We conduct extensive experiments on 6 articulated categories to demonstrate the superiority of our method in generating articulated meshes with better diversity, higher visual fidelity, and better physical validity over previous methods in the few-shot setting. Further, we validate solid contributions of our two innovations in the ablation study. Project page with code is available at https://meowuu7.github.io/few-arti-obj-gen.
Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstruction
Authors: Hansheng Chen, Jiatao Gu, Anpei Chen, Wei Tian, Zhuowen Tu, Lingjie Liu, Hao Su
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: 3D-aware image synthesis encompasses a variety of tasks, such as scene generation and novel view synthesis from images. Despite numerous task-specific methods, developing a comprehensive model remains challenging. In this paper, we present SSDNeRF, a unified approach that employs an expressive diffusion model to learn a generalizable prior of neural radiance fields (NeRF) from multi-view images of diverse objects. Previous studies have used two-stage approaches that rely on pretrained NeRFs as real data to train diffusion models. In contrast, we propose a new single-stage training paradigm with an end-to-end objective that jointly optimizes a NeRF auto-decoder and a latent diffusion model, enabling simultaneous 3D reconstruction and prior learning, even from sparsely available views. At test time, we can directly sample the diffusion prior for unconditional generation, or combine it with arbitrary observations of unseen objects for NeRF reconstruction. SSDNeRF demonstrates robust results comparable to or better than leading task-specific methods in unconditional generation and single/sparse-view 3D reconstruction.
DCPB: Deformable Convolution Based on the Poincare Ball for Top-view Fisheye Cameras
Authors: Xuan Wei, Zhidan Ran, Xiaobo Lu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: The accuracy of the visual tasks for top-view fisheye cameras is limited by the Euclidean geometry for pose-distorted objects in images. In this paper, we demonstrate the analogy between the fisheye model and the Poincare ball and that learning the shape of convolution kernels in the Poincare Ball can alleviate the spatial distortion problem. In particular, we propose the Deformable Convolution based on the Poincare Ball, named DCPB, which conducts the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) in the Poincare ball and calculates the geodesic distances to Poincare hyperplanes as the offsets and modulation scalars of the modulated deformable convolution. Besides, we explore an appropriate network structure in the baseline with the DCPB. The DCPB markedly improves the neural network's performance. Experimental results on the public dataset THEODORE show that DCPB obtains a higher accuracy, and its efficiency demonstrates the potential for using temporal information in fisheye videos.
Integrating Boxes and Masks: A Multi-Object Framework for Unified Visual Tracking and Segmentation
Authors: Yuanyou Xu, Zongxin Yang, Yi Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Tracking any given object(s) spatially and temporally is a common purpose in Visual Object Tracking (VOT) and Video Object Segmentation (VOS). Joint tracking and segmentation have been attempted in some studies but they often lack full compatibility of both box and mask in initialization and prediction, and mainly focus on single-object scenarios. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Multi-object Mask-box Integrated framework for unified Tracking and Segmentation, dubbed MITS. Firstly, the unified identification module is proposed to support both box and mask reference for initialization, where detailed object information is inferred from boxes or directly retained from masks. Additionally, a novel pinpoint box predictor is proposed for accurate multi-object box prediction, facilitating target-oriented representation learning. All target objects are processed simultaneously from encoding to propagation and decoding, as a unified pipeline for VOT and VOS. Experimental results show MITS achieves state-of-the-art performance on both VOT and VOS benchmarks. Notably, MITS surpasses the best prior VOT competitor by around 6% on the GOT-10k test set, and significantly improves the performance of box initialization on VOS benchmarks. The code is available at https://github.com/yoxu515/MITS.
One-Shot Generative Domain Adaptation
Authors: Ceyuan Yang, Yujun Shen, Zhiyi Zhang, Yinghao Xu, Jiapeng Zhu, Zhirong Wu, Bolei Zhou
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: This work aims to transfer a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) pre-trained on one image domain to another domain referred to as few as just one reference image. The challenge is that, under limited supervision, it is extremely difficult to synthesize photo realistic and highly diverse images while retaining the representative characters of the target domain. Different from existing approaches that adopt the vanilla fine-tuning strategy, we design two lightweight modules in the generator and the discriminator respectively. We first introduce an attribute adaptor in the generator and freeze the generator's original parameters, which can reuse the prior knowledge to the most extent and maintain the synthesis quality and diversity. We then equip the well-learned discriminator with an attribute classifier to ensure that the generator with the attribute adaptor captures the appropriate characters of the reference image. Furthermore, considering the very limited diversity of the training data (i.e., as few as only one image), we propose to constrain the diversity of the latent space through truncation in the training process, alleviating the optimization difficulty. Our approach brings appealing results under various settings, substantially surpassing state-of-the-art alternatives, especially in terms of synthesis diversity. Noticeably, our method works well even with large domain gaps and robustly converges within a few minutes for each experiment. Code and models are available at https://genforce.github.io/genda/.
Prototypes-oriented Transductive Few-shot Learning with Conditional Transport
Authors: Long Tian, Jingyi Feng, Xiaoqiang Chai, Wenchao Chen, Liming Wang, Xiyang Liu, Bo Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Transductive Few-Shot Learning (TFSL) has recently attracted increasing attention since it typically outperforms its inductive peer by leveraging statistics of query samples.However, previous TFSL methods usually encode uniform prior that all the classes within query samples are equally likely, which is biased in imbalanced TFSL and causes severe performance degradation.Given this pivotal issue, in this work, we propose a novel Conditional Transport (CT) based imbalanced TFSL model called Prototypes-oriented Unbiased Transfer Model (PUTM) to fully exploit unbiased statistics of imbalanced query samples, which employs forward and backward navigators as transport matrices to balance the prior of query samples per class between uniform and adaptive data-driven distributions. For efficiently transferring statistics learned by CT, we further derive a closed form solution to refine prototypes based on MAP given the learned navigators. The above two steps of discovering and transferring unbiased statistics follow an iterative manner, formulating our EM-based solver. Experimental results on four standard benchmarks including miniImageNet, tieredImageNet, CUB, and CIFAR-FS demonstrate superiority of our model in class-imbalanced generalization.
SparseFusion: Fusing Multi-Modal Sparse Representations for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detection
Authors: Yichen Xie, Chenfeng Xu, Marie-Julie Rakotosaona, Patrick Rim, Federico Tombari, Kurt Keutzer, Masayoshi Tomizuka, Wei Zhan
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: By identifying four important components of existing LiDAR-camera 3D object detection methods (LiDAR and camera candidates, transformation, and fusion outputs), we observe that all existing methods either find dense candidates or yield dense representations of scenes. However, given that objects occupy only a small part of a scene, finding dense candidates and generating dense representations is noisy and inefficient. We propose SparseFusion, a novel multi-sensor 3D detection method that exclusively uses sparse candidates and sparse representations. Specifically, SparseFusion utilizes the outputs of parallel detectors in the LiDAR and camera modalities as sparse candidates for fusion. We transform the camera candidates into the LiDAR coordinate space by disentangling the object representations. Then, we can fuse the multi-modality candidates in a unified 3D space by a lightweight self-attention module. To mitigate negative transfer between modalities, we propose novel semantic and geometric cross-modality transfer modules that are applied prior to the modality-specific detectors. SparseFusion achieves state-of-the-art performance on the nuScenes benchmark while also running at the fastest speed, even outperforming methods with stronger backbones. We perform extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our modules and overall method pipeline. Our code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/yichen928/SparseFusion.
DetermiNet: A Large-Scale Diagnostic Dataset for Complex Visually-Grounded Referencing using Determiners
Authors: Clarence Lee, M Ganesh Kumar, Cheston Tan
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: State-of-the-art visual grounding models can achieve high detection accuracy, but they are not designed to distinguish between all objects versus only certain objects of interest. In natural language, in order to specify a particular object or set of objects of interest, humans use determiners such as "my", "either" and "those". Determiners, as an important word class, are a type of schema in natural language about the reference or quantity of the noun. Existing grounded referencing datasets place much less emphasis on determiners, compared to other word classes such as nouns, verbs and adjectives. This makes it difficult to develop models that understand the full variety and complexity of object referencing. Thus, we have developed and released the DetermiNet dataset, which comprises 250,000 synthetically generated images and captions based on 25 determiners. The task is to predict bounding boxes to identify objects of interest, constrained by the semantics of the given determiner. We find that current state-of-the-art visual grounding models do not perform well on the dataset, highlighting the limitations of existing models on reference and quantification tasks.
3DMOTFormer: Graph Transformer for Online 3D Multi-Object Tracking
Authors: Shuxiao Ding, Eike Rehder, Lukas Schneider, Marius Cordts, Juergen Gall
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Tracking 3D objects accurately and consistently is crucial for autonomous vehicles, enabling more reliable downstream tasks such as trajectory prediction and motion planning. Based on the substantial progress in object detection in recent years, the tracking-by-detection paradigm has become a popular choice due to its simplicity and efficiency. State-of-the-art 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) approaches typically rely on non-learned model-based algorithms such as Kalman Filter but require many manually tuned parameters. On the other hand, learning-based approaches face the problem of adapting the training to the online setting, leading to inevitable distribution mismatch between training and inference as well as suboptimal performance. In this work, we propose 3DMOTFormer, a learned geometry-based 3D MOT framework building upon the transformer architecture. We use an Edge-Augmented Graph Transformer to reason on the track-detection bipartite graph frame-by-frame and conduct data association via edge classification. To reduce the distribution mismatch between training and inference, we propose a novel online training strategy with an autoregressive and recurrent forward pass as well as sequential batch optimization. Using CenterPoint detections, our approach achieves 71.2% and 68.2% AMOTA on the nuScenes validation and test split, respectively. In addition, a trained 3DMOTFormer model generalizes well across different object detectors. Code is available at: https://github.com/dsx0511/3DMOTFormer.
ReGen: A good Generative Zero-Shot Video Classifier Should be Rewarded
Authors: Adrian Bulat, Enrique Sanchez, Brais Martinez, Georgios Tzimiropoulos
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: This paper sets out to solve the following problem: How can we turn a generative video captioning model into an open-world video/action classification model? Video captioning models can naturally produce open-ended free-form descriptions of a given video which, however, might not be discriminative enough for video/action recognition. Unfortunately, when fine-tuned to auto-regress the class names directly, video captioning models overfit the base classes losing their open-world zero-shot capabilities. To alleviate base class overfitting, in this work, we propose to use reinforcement learning to enforce the output of the video captioning model to be more class-level discriminative. Specifically, we propose ReGen, a novel reinforcement learning based framework with a three-fold objective and reward functions: (1) a class-level discrimination reward that enforces the generated caption to be correctly classified into the corresponding action class, (2) a CLIP reward that encourages the generated caption to continue to be descriptive of the input video (i.e. video-specific), and (3) a grammar reward that preserves the grammatical correctness of the caption. We show that ReGen can train a model to produce captions that are: discriminative, video-specific and grammatically correct. Importantly, when evaluated on standard benchmarks for zero- and few-shot action classification, ReGen significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art.
Complementary Domain Adaptation and Generalization for Unsupervised Continual Domain Shift Learning
Authors: Wonguk Cho, Jinha Park, Taesup Kim
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Continual domain shift poses a significant challenge in real-world applications, particularly in situations where labeled data is not available for new domains. The challenge of acquiring knowledge in this problem setting is referred to as unsupervised continual domain shift learning. Existing methods for domain adaptation and generalization have limitations in addressing this issue, as they focus either on adapting to a specific domain or generalizing to unseen domains, but not both. In this paper, we propose Complementary Domain Adaptation and Generalization (CoDAG), a simple yet effective learning framework that combines domain adaptation and generalization in a complementary manner to achieve three major goals of unsupervised continual domain shift learning: adapting to a current domain, generalizing to unseen domains, and preventing forgetting of previously seen domains. Our approach is model-agnostic, meaning that it is compatible with any existing domain adaptation and generalization algorithms. We evaluate CoDAG on several benchmark datasets and demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models in all datasets and evaluation metrics, highlighting its effectiveness and robustness in handling unsupervised continual domain shift learning.
RICO: Regularizing the Unobservable for Indoor Compositional Reconstruction
Authors: Zizhang Li, Xiaoyang Lyu, Yuanyuan Ding, Mengmeng Wang, Yiyi Liao, Yong Liu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Recently, neural implicit surfaces have become popular for multi-view reconstruction. To facilitate practical applications like scene editing and manipulation, some works extend the framework with semantic masks input for the object-compositional reconstruction rather than the holistic perspective. Though achieving plausible disentanglement, the performance drops significantly when processing the indoor scenes where objects are usually partially observed. We propose RICO to address this by regularizing the unobservable regions for indoor compositional reconstruction. Our key idea is to first regularize the smoothness of the occluded background, which then in turn guides the foreground object reconstruction in unobservable regions based on the object-background relationship. Particularly, we regularize the geometry smoothness of occluded background patches. With the improved background surface, the signed distance function and the reversedly rendered depth of objects can be optimized to bound them within the background range. Extensive experiments show our method outperforms other methods on synthetic and real-world indoor scenes and prove the effectiveness of proposed regularizations. The code is available at https://github.com/kyleleey/RICO.
Ordered Atomic Activity for Fine-grained Interactive Traffic Scenario Understanding
Authors: Nakul Agarwal, Yi-Ting Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We introduce a novel representation called Ordered Atomic Activity for interactive scenario understanding. The representation decomposes each scenario into a set of ordered atomic activities, where each activity consists of an action and the corresponding actors involved and the order denotes the temporal development of the scenario. The design also helps in identifying important interactive relationships such as yielding. The action is a high-level semantic motion pattern that is grounded in the surrounding road topology, which we decompose into zones and corners with unique IDs. For example, a group of pedestrians crossing on the left side is denoted as C1 - C4: P+, as depicted in Figure 1. We collect a new large-scale dataset called OATS (Ordered Atomic Activities in interactive Traffic Scenarios), comprising 1026 video clips (  20s) captured at intersections. Each clip is labeled with the proposed language, resulting in 59 activity categories and 6512 annotated activity instances. We propose three fine-grained scenario understanding tasks, i.e., multi-label Atomic Activity recognition, recognition, activity order prediction, and interactive scenario retrieval. We implement various state-of-the-art algorithms and conduct extensive experiments on OATS. We found the existing methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance, indicating new opportunities for the community to develop new algorithms for these tasks toward better interactive scenario understanding
CO-PILOT: Dynamic Top-Down Point Cloud with Conditional Neighborhood Aggregation for Multi-Gigapixel Histopathology Image Representation
Authors: Ramin Nakhli, Allen Zhang, Ali Mirabadi, Katherine Rich, Maryam Asadi, Blake Gilks, Hossein Farahani, Ali Bashashati
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Predicting survival rates based on multi-gigapixel histopathology images is one of the most challenging tasks in digital pathology. Due to the computational complexities, Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has become the conventional approach for this process as it breaks the image into smaller patches. However, this technique fails to account for the individual cells present in each patch, while they are the fundamental part of the tissue. In this work, we developed a novel dynamic and hierarchical point-cloud-based method (CO-PILOT) for the processing of cellular graphs extracted from routine histopathology images. By using bottom-up information propagation and top-down conditional attention, our model gains access to an adaptive focus across different levels of tissue hierarchy. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that our model can outperform all the state-of-the-art methods in survival prediction, including the hierarchical Vision Transformer (ViT), across two datasets and four metrics with only half of the parameters of the closest baseline. Importantly, our model is able to stratify the patients into different risk cohorts with statistically different outcomes across two large datasets, a task that was previously achievable only using genomic information. Furthermore, we publish a large dataset containing 873 cellular graphs from 188 patients, along with their survival information, making it one of the largest publicly available datasets in this context.
Troubleshooting Ethnic Quality Bias with Curriculum Domain Adaptation for Face Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Fu-Zhao Ou, Baoliang Chen, Chongyi Li, Shiqi Wang, Sam Kwong
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Face Image Quality Assessment (FIQA) lays the foundation for ensuring the stability and accuracy of face recognition systems. However, existing FIQA methods mainly formulate quality relationships within the training set to yield quality scores, ignoring the generalization problem caused by ethnic quality bias between the training and test sets. Domain adaptation presents a potential solution to mitigate the bias, but if FIQA is treated essentially as a regression task, it will be limited by the challenge of feature scaling in transfer learning. Additionally, how to guarantee source risk is also an issue due to the lack of ground-truth labels of the source domain for FIQA. This paper presents the first attempt in the field of FIQA to address these challenges with a novel Ethnic-Quality-Bias Mitigating (EQBM) framework. Specifically, to eliminate the restriction of scalar regression, we first compute the Likert-scale quality probability distributions as source domain annotations. Furthermore, we design an easy-to-hard training scheduler based on the inter-domain uncertainty and intra-domain quality margin as well as the ranking-based domain adversarial network to enhance the effectiveness of transfer learning and further reduce the source risk in domain adaptation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the EQBM significantly mitigates the quality bias and improves the generalization capability of FIQA across races on different datasets.
HybridAugment++: Unified Frequency Spectra Perturbations for Model Robustness
Authors: Mehmet Kerim Yucel, Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis, Pinar Duygulu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are known to exhibit poor generalization performance under distribution shifts. Their generalization have been studied extensively, and one line of work approaches the problem from a frequency-centric perspective. These studies highlight the fact that humans and CNNs might focus on different frequency components of an image. First, inspired by these observations, we propose a simple yet effective data augmentation method HybridAugment that reduces the reliance of CNNs on high-frequency components, and thus improves their robustness while keeping their clean accuracy high. Second, we propose HybridAugment++, which is a hierarchical augmentation method that attempts to unify various frequency-spectrum augmentations. HybridAugment++ builds on HybridAugment, and also reduces the reliance of CNNs on the amplitude component of images, and promotes phase information instead. This unification results in competitive to or better than state-of-the-art results on clean accuracy (CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet), corruption benchmarks (ImageNet-C, CIFAR-10-C and CIFAR-100-C), adversarial robustness on CIFAR-10 and out-of-distribution detection on various datasets. HybridAugment
 and HybridAugment++ are implemented in a few lines of code, does not require extra data, ensemble models or additional networks.
CLR: Channel-wise Lightweight Reprogramming for Continual Learning
Authors: Yunhao Ge, Yuecheng Li, Shuo Ni, Jiaping Zhao, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Laurent Itti
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Continual learning aims to emulate the human ability to continually accumulate knowledge over sequential tasks. The main challenge is to maintain performance on previously learned tasks after learning new tasks, i.e., to avoid catastrophic forgetting. We propose a Channel-wise Lightweight Reprogramming (CLR) approach that helps convolutional neural networks (CNNs) overcome catastrophic forgetting during continual learning. We show that a CNN model trained on an old task (or self-supervised proxy task) could be "reprogrammed" to solve a new task by using our proposed lightweight (very cheap) reprogramming parameter. With the help of CLR, we have a better stability-plasticity trade-off to solve continual learning problems: To maintain stability and retain previous task ability, we use a common task-agnostic immutable part as the shared "anchor" parameter set. We then add task-specific lightweight reprogramming parameters to reinterpret the outputs of the immutable parts, to enable plasticity and integrate new knowledge. To learn sequential tasks, we only train the lightweight reprogramming parameters to learn each new task. Reprogramming parameters are task-specific and exclusive to each task, which makes our method immune to catastrophic forgetting. To minimize the parameter requirement of reprogramming to learn new tasks, we make reprogramming lightweight by only adjusting essential kernels and learning channel-wise linear mappings from anchor parameters to task-specific domain knowledge. We show that, for general CNNs, the CLR parameter increase is less than 0.6% for any new task. Our method outperforms 13 state-of-the-art continual learning baselines on a new challenging sequence of 53 image classification datasets. Code and data are here: https://github.com/gyhandy/Channel-wise-Lightweight-Reprogramming
IOMatch: Simplifying Open-Set Semi-Supervised Learning with Joint Inliers and Outliers Utilization
Authors: Zekun Li, Lei Qi, Yinghuan Shi, Yang Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to leverage massive unlabeled data when labels are expensive to obtain. Unfortunately, in many real-world applications, the collected unlabeled data will inevitably contain unseen-class outliers not belonging to any of the labeled classes. To deal with the challenging open-set SSL task, the mainstream methods tend to first detect outliers and then filter them out. However, we observe a surprising fact that such approach could result in more severe performance degradation when labels are extremely scarce, as the unreliable outlier detector may wrongly exclude a considerable portion of valuable inliers. To tackle with this issue, we introduce a novel open-set SSL framework, IOMatch, which can jointly utilize inliers and outliers, even when it is difficult to distinguish exactly between them. Specifically, we propose to employ a multi-binary classifier in combination with the standard closed-set classifier for producing unified open-set classification targets, which regard all outliers as a single new class. By adopting these targets as open-set pseudo-labels, we optimize an open-set classifier with all unlabeled samples including both inliers and outliers. Extensive experiments have shown that IOMatch significantly outperforms the baseline methods across different benchmark datasets and different settings despite its remarkable simplicity. Our code and models are available at https://github.com/nukezil/IOMatch.
Hierarchical Point-based Active Learning for Semi-supervised Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Zongyi Xu, Bo Yuan, Shanshan Zhao, Qianni Zhang, Xinbo Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Impressive performance on point cloud semantic segmentation has been achieved by fully-supervised methods with large amounts of labelled data. As it is labour-intensive to acquire large-scale point cloud data with point-wise labels, many attempts have been made to explore learning 3D point cloud segmentation with limited annotations. Active learning is one of the effective strategies to achieve this purpose but is still under-explored. The most recent methods of this kind measure the uncertainty of each pre-divided region for manual labelling but they suffer from redundant information and require additional efforts for region division. This paper aims at addressing this issue by developing a hierarchical point-based active learning strategy. Specifically, we measure the uncertainty for each point by a hierarchical minimum margin uncertainty module which considers the contextual information at multiple levels. Then, a feature-distance suppression strategy is designed to select important and representative points for manual labelling. Besides, to better exploit the unlabelled data, we build a semi-supervised segmentation framework based on our active strategy. Extensive experiments on the S3DIS and ScanNetV2 datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves 96.5% and 100% performance of fully-supervised baseline with only 0.07% and 0.1% training data, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art weakly-supervised and active learning methods. The code will be available at https://github.com/SmiletoE/HPAL.
Doppelgangers: Learning to Disambiguate Images of Similar Structures
Authors: Ruojin Cai, Joseph Tung, Qianqian Wang, Hadar Averbuch-Elor, Bharath Hariharan, Noah Snavely
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We consider the visual disambiguation task of determining whether a pair of visually similar images depict the same or distinct 3D surfaces (e.g., the same or opposite sides of a symmetric building). Illusory image matches, where two images observe distinct but visually similar 3D surfaces, can be challenging for humans to differentiate, and can also lead 3D reconstruction algorithms to produce erroneous results. We propose a learning-based approach to visual disambiguation, formulating it as a binary classification task on image pairs. To that end, we introduce a new dataset for this problem, Doppelgangers, which includes image pairs of similar structures with ground truth labels. We also design a network architecture that takes the spatial distribution of local keypoints and matches as input, allowing for better reasoning about both local and global cues. Our evaluation shows that our method can distinguish illusory matches in difficult cases, and can be integrated into SfM pipelines to produce correct, disambiguated 3D reconstructions. See our project page for our code, datasets, and more results: http://doppelgangers-3d.github.io/.
BEV-DG: Cross-Modal Learning under Bird's-Eye View for Domain Generalization of 3D Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Miaoyu Li, Yachao Zhang, Xu Ma, Yanyun Qu, Yun Fu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Cross-modal Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) aims to exploit the complementarity of 2D-3D data to overcome the lack of annotation in a new domain. However, UDA methods rely on access to the target domain during training, meaning the trained model only works in a specific target domain. In light of this, we propose cross-modal learning under bird's-eye view for Domain Generalization (DG) of 3D semantic segmentation, called BEV-DG. DG is more challenging because the model cannot access the target domain during training, meaning it needs to rely on cross-modal learning to alleviate the domain gap. Since 3D semantic segmentation requires the classification of each point, existing cross-modal learning is directly conducted point-to-point, which is sensitive to the misalignment in projections between pixels and points. To this end, our approach aims to optimize domain-irrelevant representation modeling with the aid of cross-modal learning under bird's-eye view. We propose BEV-based Area-to-area Fusion (BAF) to conduct cross-modal learning under bird's-eye view, which has a higher fault tolerance for point-level misalignment. Furthermore, to model domain-irrelevant representations, we propose BEV-driven Domain Contrastive Learning (BDCL) with the help of cross-modal learning under bird's-eye view. We design three domain generalization settings based on three 3D datasets, and BEV-DG significantly outperforms state-of-the-art competitors with tremendous margins in all settings.
Grounded Entity-Landmark Adaptive Pre-Training for Vision-and-Language Navigation
Authors: Yibo Cui, Liang Xie, Yakun Zhang, Meishan Zhang, Ye Yan, Erwei Yin
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Cross-modal alignment is one key challenge for Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN). Most existing studies concentrate on mapping the global instruction or single sub-instruction to the corresponding trajectory. However, another critical problem of achieving fine-grained alignment at the entity level is seldom considered. To address this problem, we propose a novel Grounded Entity-Landmark Adaptive (GELA) pre-training paradigm for VLN tasks. To achieve the adaptive pre-training paradigm, we first introduce grounded entity-landmark human annotations into the Room-to-Room (R2R) dataset, named GEL-R2R. Additionally, we adopt three grounded entity-landmark adaptive pre-training objectives: 1) entity phrase prediction, 2) landmark bounding box prediction, and 3) entity-landmark semantic alignment, which explicitly supervise the learning of fine-grained cross-modal alignment between entity phrases and environment landmarks. Finally, we validate our model on two downstream benchmarks: VLN with descriptive instructions (R2R) and dialogue instructions (CVDN). The comprehensive experiments show that our GELA model achieves state-of-the-art results on both tasks, demonstrating its effectiveness and generalizability.
Lip Reading for Low-resource Languages by Learning and Combining General Speech Knowledge and Language-specific Knowledge
Authors: Minsu Kim, Jeong Hun Yeo, Jeongsoo Choi, Yong Man Ro
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel lip reading framework, especially for low-resource languages, which has not been well addressed in the previous literature. Since low-resource languages do not have enough video-text paired data to train the model to have sufficient power to model lip movements and language, it is regarded as challenging to develop lip reading models for low-resource languages. In order to mitigate the challenge, we try to learn general speech knowledge, the ability to model lip movements, from a high-resource language through the prediction of speech units. It is known that different languages partially share common phonemes, thus general speech knowledge learned from one language can be extended to other languages. Then, we try to learn language-specific knowledge, the ability to model language, by proposing Language-specific Memory-augmented Decoder (LMDecoder). LMDecoder saves language-specific audio features into memory banks and can be trained on audio-text paired data which is more easily accessible than video-text paired data. Therefore, with LMDecoder, we can transform the input speech units into language-specific audio features and translate them into texts by utilizing the learned rich language knowledge. Finally, by combining general speech knowledge and language-specific knowledge, we can efficiently develop lip reading models even for low-resource languages. Through extensive experiments using five languages, English, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated.
Quality-Agnostic Deepfake Detection with Intra-model Collaborative Learning
Authors: Binh M. Le, Simon S. Woo
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Deepfake has recently raised a plethora of societal concerns over its possible security threats and dissemination of fake information. Much research on deepfake detection has been undertaken. However, detecting low quality as well as simultaneously detecting different qualities of deepfakes still remains a grave challenge. Most SOTA approaches are limited by using a single specific model for detecting certain deepfake video quality type. When constructing multiple models with prior information about video quality, this kind of strategy incurs significant computational cost, as well as model and training data overhead. Further, it cannot be scalable and practical to deploy in real-world settings. In this work, we propose a universal intra-model collaborative learning framework to enable the effective and simultaneous detection of different quality of deepfakes. That is, our approach is the quality-agnostic deepfake detection method, dubbed QAD . In particular, by observing the upper bound of general error expectation, we maximize the dependency between intermediate representations of images from different quality levels via Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion. In addition, an Adversarial Weight Perturbation module is carefully devised to enable the model to be more robust against image corruption while boosting the overall model's performance. Extensive experiments over seven popular deepfake datasets demonstrate the superiority of our QAD model over prior SOTA benchmarks.
Object-Centric Multiple Object Tracking
Authors: Zixu Zhao, Jiaze Wang, Max Horn, Yizhuo Ding, Tong He, Zechen Bai, Dominik Zietlow, Carl-Johann Simon-Gabriel, Bing Shuai, Zhuowen Tu, Thomas Brox, Bernt Schiele, Yanwei Fu, Francesco Locatello, Zheng Zhang, Tianjun Xiao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Unsupervised object-centric learning methods allow the partitioning of scenes into entities without additional localization information and are excellent candidates for reducing the annotation burden of multiple-object tracking (MOT) pipelines. Unfortunately, they lack two key properties: objects are often split into parts and are not consistently tracked over time. In fact, state-of-the-art models achieve pixel-level accuracy and temporal consistency by relying on supervised object detection with additional ID labels for the association through time. This paper proposes a video object-centric model for MOT. It consists of an index-merge module that adapts the object-centric slots into detection outputs and an object memory module that builds complete object prototypes to handle occlusions. Benefited from object-centric learning, we only require sparse detection labels (0%-6.25%) for object localization and feature binding. Relying on our self-supervised Expectation-Maximization-inspired loss for object association, our approach requires no ID labels. Our experiments significantly narrow the gap between the existing object-centric model and the fully supervised state-of-the-art and outperform several unsupervised trackers that also do not require ID labels.
Point-TTA: Test-Time Adaptation for Point Cloud Registration Using Multitask Meta-Auxiliary Learning
Authors: Ahmed Hatem, Yiming Qian, Yang Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress, generalization to unknown testing environments remains a major challenge due to the variations in 3D scans. Existing methods typically train a generic model and the same trained model is applied on each instance during testing. This could be sub-optimal since it is difficult for the same model to handle all the variations during testing. In this paper, we propose a test-time adaptation approach for PCR. Our model can adapt to unseen distributions at test-time without requiring any prior knowledge of the test data. Concretely, we design three self-supervised auxiliary tasks that are optimized jointly with the primary PCR task. Given a test instance, we adapt our model using these auxiliary tasks and the updated model is used to perform the inference. During training, our model is trained using a meta-auxiliary learning approach, such that the adapted model via auxiliary tasks improves the accuracy of the primary task. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in improving generalization of point cloud registration and outperforming other state-of-the-art approaches.
HopFIR: Hop-wise GraphFormer with Intragroup Joint Refinement for 3D Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Kai Zhai, Qiang Nie, Bo Ouyang, Xiang Li, Shanlin Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: 2D-to-3D human pose lifting is fundamental for 3D human pose estimation (HPE), for which graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have proven inherently suitable for modeling the human skeletal topology. However, the current GCN-based 3D HPE methods update the node features by aggregating their neighbors' information without considering the interaction of joints in different joint synergies. Although some studies have proposed importing limb information to learn the movement patterns, the latent synergies among joints, such as maintaining balance are seldom investigated. We propose the Hop-wise GraphFormer with Intragroup Joint Refinement (HopFIR) architecture to tackle the 3D HPE problem. HopFIR mainly consists of a novel hop-wise GraphFormer (HGF) module and an intragroup joint refinement (IJR) module. The HGF module groups the joints by k-hop neighbors and applies a hop-wise transformer-like attention mechanism to these groups to discover latent joint synergies. The IJR module leverages the prior limb information for peripheral joint refinement. Extensive experimental results show that HopFIR outperforms the SOTA methods by a large margin, with a mean per-joint position error (MPJPE) on the Human3.6M dataset of 32.67 mm. We also demonstrate that the state-of-the-art GCN-based methods can benefit from the proposed hop-wise attention mechanism with a significant improvement in performance: SemGCN and MGCN are improved by 8.9% and 4.5%, respectively.
Improving Generalization of Adversarial Training via Robust Critical Fine-Tuning
Authors: Kaijie Zhu, Xixu Hu, Jindong Wang, Xing Xie, Ge Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial examples, posing a significant security risk in critical applications. Adversarial Training (AT) is a well-established technique to enhance adversarial robustness, but it often comes at the cost of decreased generalization ability. This paper proposes Robustness Critical Fine-Tuning (RiFT), a novel approach to enhance generalization without compromising adversarial robustness. The core idea of RiFT is to exploit the redundant capacity for robustness by fine-tuning the adversarially trained model on its non-robust-critical module. To do so, we introduce module robust criticality (MRC), a measure that evaluates the significance of a given module to model robustness under worst-case weight perturbations. Using this measure, we identify the module with the lowest MRC value as the non-robust-critical module and fine-tune its weights to obtain fine-tuned weights. Subsequently, we linearly interpolate between the adversarially trained weights and fine-tuned weights to derive the optimal fine-tuned model weights. We demonstrate the efficacy of RiFT on ResNet18, ResNet34, and WideResNet34-10 models trained on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and Tiny-ImageNet datasets. Our experiments show that RiFT can significantly improve both generalization and out-of-distribution robust- ness by around 1.5% while maintaining or even slightly enhancing adversarial robustness. Code is available at https://github.com/Immortalise/RiFT .