mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
GLA-GCN: Global-local Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for 3D Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Video
Authors: Bruce X.B. Yu, Zhi Zhang, Yongxu Liu, Sheng-hua Zhong, Yan Liu, Chang Wen Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: 3D human pose estimation has been researched for decades with promising fruits. 3D human pose lifting is one of the promising research directions toward the task where both estimated pose and ground truth pose data are used for training. Existing pose lifting works mainly focus on improving the performance of estimated pose, but they usually underperform when testing on the ground truth pose data. We observe that the performance of the estimated pose can be easily improved by preparing good quality 2D pose, such as fine-tuning the 2D pose or using advanced 2D pose detectors. As such, we concentrate on improving the 3D human pose lifting via ground truth data for the future improvement of more quality estimated pose data.
 Towards this goal, a simple yet effective model called Global-local Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network (GLA-GCN) is proposed in this work. Our GLA-GCN globally models the spatiotemporal structure via a graph representation and backtraces local joint features for 3D human pose estimation via individually connected layers.
 To validate our model design, we conduct extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets: Human3.6M, HumanEva-I, and MPI-INF-3DHP. Experimental results show that our GLA-GCN implemented with ground truth 2D poses significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods (e.g., up to 3%, 17%, and 14% error reductions on Human3.6M, HumanEva-I, and MPI-INF-3DHP, respectively).
Snow Removal in Video: A New Dataset and A Novel Method
Authors: Haoyu Chen, Jingjing Ren, Jinjin Gu, Hongtao Wu, Xuequan Lu, Haoming Cai, Lei Zhu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Snowfall is a common weather phenomenon that can severely affect computer vision tasks by obscuring objects and scenes. However, existing deep learning-based snow removal methods are designed for single images only. In this paper, we target a more complex task -- video snow removal, which aims to restore the clear video from the snowy video. To facilitate this task, we propose the first high-quality video dataset, which simulates realistic physical characteristics of snow and haze using a rendering engine and augmentation techniques. We also develop a deep learning framework for video snow removal. It involves Specifically, we propose a snow-query temporal aggregation module and a snow-aware contrastive learning loss function. The module aggregates features between video frames and removes snow effectively, while the loss function helps identify and eliminate snow features. We conduct extensive experiments and demonstrate that our proposed dataset is more realistic than previous datasets, and the models trained on it achieve better performance in real-world snowing images. Our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art video and image-based methods on both synthetic and real snowy videos.
Degradation-Resistant Unfolding Network for Heterogeneous Image Fusion
Authors: Chunming He, Kai Li, Guoxia Xu, Yulun Zhang, Runze Hu, Zhenhua Guo, Xiu Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Heterogeneous image fusion (HIF) techniques aim to enhance image quality by merging complementary information from images captured by different sensors. Among these algorithms, deep unfolding network (DUN)-based methods achieve promising performance but still suffer from two issues: they lack a degradation-resistant-oriented fusion model and struggle to adequately consider the structural properties of DUNs, making them vulnerable to degradation scenarios. In this paper, we propose a Degradation-Resistant Unfolding Network (DeRUN) for the HIF task to generate high-quality fused images even in degradation scenarios. Specifically, we introduce a novel HIF model for degradation resistance and derive its optimization procedures. Then, we incorporate the optimization unfolding process into the proposed DeRUN for end-to-end training. To ensure the robustness and efficiency of DeRUN, we employ a joint constraint strategy and a lightweight partial weight sharing module. To train DeRUN, we further propose a gradient direction-based entropy loss with powerful texture representation capacity. Extensive experiments show that DeRUN significantly outperforms existing methods on four HIF tasks, as well as downstream applications, with cheaper computational and memory costs.
Priority-Centric Human Motion Generation in Discrete Latent Space
Authors: Hanyang Kong, Kehong Gong, Dongze Lian, Michael Bi Mi, Xinchao Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Text-to-motion generation is a formidable task, aiming to produce human motions that align with the input text while also adhering to human capabilities and physical laws. While there have been advancements in diffusion models, their application in discrete spaces remains underexplored. Current methods often overlook the varying significance of different motions, treating them uniformly. It is essential to recognize that not all motions hold the same relevance to a particular textual description. Some motions, being more salient and informative, should be given precedence during generation. In response, we introduce a Priority-Centric Motion Discrete Diffusion Model (M2DM), which utilizes a Transformer-based VQ-VAE to derive a concise, discrete motion representation, incorporating a global self-attention mechanism and a regularization term to counteract code collapse. We also present a motion discrete diffusion model that employs an innovative noise schedule, determined by the significance of each motion token within the entire motion sequence. This approach retains the most salient motions during the reverse diffusion process, leading to more semantically rich and varied motions. Additionally, we formulate two strategies to gauge the importance of motion tokens, drawing from both textual and visual indicators. Comprehensive experiments on the HumanML3D and KIT-ML datasets confirm that our model surpasses existing techniques in fidelity and diversity, particularly for intricate textual descriptions.
Domain-Specificity Inducing Transformers for Source-Free Domain Adaptation
Authors: Sunandini Sanyal, Ashish Ramayee Asokan, Suvaansh Bhambri, Akshay Kulkarni, Jogendra Nath Kundu, R Venkatesh Babu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Conventional Domain Adaptation (DA) methods aim to learn domain-invariant feature representations to improve the target adaptation performance. However, we motivate that domain-specificity is equally important since in-domain trained models hold crucial domain-specific properties that are beneficial for adaptation. Hence, we propose to build a framework that supports disentanglement and learning of domain-specific factors and task-specific factors in a unified model. Motivated by the success of vision transformers in several multi-modal vision problems, we find that queries could be leveraged to extract the domain-specific factors. Hence, we propose a novel Domain-Specificity inducing Transformer (DSiT) framework for disentangling and learning both domain-specific and task-specific factors. To achieve disentanglement, we propose to construct novel Domain-Representative Inputs (DRI) with domain-specific information to train a domain classifier with a novel domain token. We are the first to utilize vision transformers for domain adaptation in a privacy-oriented source-free setting, and our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on single-source, multi-source, and multi-target benchmarks.
Towards Improved Input Masking for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sriram Balasubramanian, Soheil Feizi
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: The ability to remove features from the input of machine learning models is very important to understand and interpret model predictions. However, this is non-trivial for vision models since masking out parts of the input image typically causes large distribution shifts. This is because the baseline color used for masking (typically grey or black) is out of distribution. Furthermore, the shape of the mask itself can contain unwanted signals which can be used by the model for its predictions. Recently, there has been some progress in mitigating this issue (called missingness bias) in image masking for vision transformers. In this work, we propose a new masking method for CNNs we call layer masking in which the missingness bias caused by masking is reduced to a large extent. Intuitively, layer masking applies a mask to intermediate activation maps so that the model only processes the unmasked input. We show that our method (i) is able to eliminate or minimize the influence of the mask shape or color on the output of the model, and (ii) is much better than replacing the masked region by black or grey for input perturbation based interpretability techniques like LIME. Thus, layer masking is much less affected by missingness bias than other masking strategies. We also demonstrate how the shape of the mask may leak information about the class, thus affecting estimates of model reliance on class-relevant features derived from input masking. Furthermore, we discuss the role of data augmentation techniques for tackling this problem, and argue that they are not sufficient for preventing model reliance on mask shape.
3DHacker: Spectrum-based Decision Boundary Generation for Hard-label 3D Point Cloud Attack
Authors: Yunbo Tao, Daizong Liu, Pan Zhou, Yulai Xie, Wei Du, Wei Hu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: With the maturity of depth sensors, the vulnerability of 3D point cloud models has received increasing attention in various applications such as autonomous driving and robot navigation. Previous 3D adversarial attackers either follow the white-box setting to iteratively update the coordinate perturbations based on gradients, or utilize the output model logits to estimate noisy gradients in the black-box setting. However, these attack methods are hard to be deployed in real-world scenarios since realistic 3D applications will not share any model details to users. Therefore, we explore a more challenging yet practical 3D attack setting, i.e., attacking point clouds with black-box hard labels, in which the attacker can only have access to the prediction label of the input. To tackle this setting, we propose a novel 3D attack method, termed 3D Hard-label attacker (3DHacker), based on the developed decision boundary algorithm to generate adversarial samples solely with the knowledge of class labels. Specifically, to construct the class-aware model decision boundary, 3DHacker first randomly fuses two point clouds of different classes in the spectral domain to craft their intermediate sample with high imperceptibility, then projects it onto the decision boundary via binary search. To restrict the final perturbation size, 3DHacker further introduces an iterative optimization strategy to move the intermediate sample along the decision boundary for generating adversarial point clouds with smallest trivial perturbations. Extensive evaluations show that, even in the challenging hard-label setting, 3DHacker still competitively outperforms existing 3D attacks regarding the attack performance as well as adversary quality.
Exploring Lightweight Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Efficient Visual Tracking
Authors: Ben Kang, Xin Chen, Dong Wang, Houwen Peng, Huchuan Lu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Transformer-based visual trackers have demonstrated significant progress owing to their superior modeling capabilities. However, existing trackers are hampered by low speed, limiting their applicability on devices with limited computational power. To alleviate this problem, we propose HiT, a new family of efficient tracking models that can run at high speed on different devices while retaining high performance. The central idea of HiT is the Bridge Module, which bridges the gap between modern lightweight transformers and the tracking framework. The Bridge Module incorporates the high-level information of deep features into the shallow large-resolution features. In this way, it produces better features for the tracking head. We also propose a novel dual-image position encoding technique that simultaneously encodes the position information of both the search region and template images. The HiT model achieves promising speed with competitive performance. For instance, it runs at 61 frames per second (fps) on the Nvidia Jetson AGX edge device. Furthermore, HiT attains 64.6% AUC on the LaSOT benchmark, surpassing all previous efficient trackers.
MiniROAD: Minimal RNN Framework for Online Action Detection
Authors: Joungbin An, Hyolim Kang, Su Ho Han, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Seon Joo Kim
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Online Action Detection (OAD) is the task of identifying actions in streaming videos without access to future frames. Much effort has been devoted to effectively capturing long-range dependencies, with transformers receiving the spotlight for their ability to capture long-range temporal structures. In contrast, RNNs have received less attention lately, due to their lower performance compared to recent methods that utilize transformers. In this paper, we investigate the underlying reasons for the inferior performance of RNNs compared to transformer-based algorithms. Our findings indicate that the discrepancy between training and inference is the primary hindrance to the effective training of RNNs. To address this, we propose applying non-uniform weights to the loss computed at each time step, which allows the RNN model to learn from the predictions made in an environment that better resembles the inference stage. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets, THUMOS, TVSeries, and FineAction demonstrate that a minimal RNN-based model trained with the proposed methodology performs equally or better than the existing best methods with a significant increase in efficiency. The code is available at https://github.com/jbistanbul/MiniROAD.
Efficient Emotional Adaptation for Audio-Driven Talking-Head Generation
Authors: Yuan Gan, Zongxin Yang, Xihang Yue, Lingyun Sun, Yi Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Audio-driven talking-head synthesis is a popular research topic for virtual human-related applications. However, the inflexibility and inefficiency of existing methods, which necessitate expensive end-to-end training to transfer emotions from guidance videos to talking-head predictions, are significant limitations. In this work, we propose the Emotional Adaptation for Audio-driven Talking-head (EAT) method, which transforms emotion-agnostic talking-head models into emotion-controllable ones in a cost-effective and efficient manner through parameter-efficient adaptations. Our approach utilizes a pretrained emotion-agnostic talking-head transformer and introduces three lightweight adaptations (the Deep Emotional Prompts, Emotional Deformation Network, and Emotional Adaptation Module) from different perspectives to enable precise and realistic emotion controls. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on widely-used benchmarks, including LRW and MEAD. Additionally, our parameter-efficient adaptations exhibit remarkable generalization ability, even in scenarios where emotional training videos are scarce or nonexistent. Project website: https://yuangan.github.io/eat/
Object-aware Gaze Target Detection
Authors: Francesco Tonini, Nicola Dall'Asen, Cigdem Beyan, Elisa Ricci
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Gaze target detection aims to predict the image location where the person is looking and the probability that a gaze is out of the scene. Several works have tackled this task by regressing a gaze heatmap centered on the gaze location, however, they overlooked decoding the relationship between the people and the gazed objects. This paper proposes a Transformer-based architecture that automatically detects objects (including heads) in the scene to build associations between every head and the gazed-head/object, resulting in a comprehensive, explainable gaze analysis composed of: gaze target area, gaze pixel point, the class and the image location of the gazed-object. Upon evaluation of the in-the-wild benchmarks, our method achieves state-of-the-art results on all metrics (up to 2.91% gain in AUC, 50% reduction in gaze distance, and 9% gain in out-of-frame average precision) for gaze target detection and 11-13% improvement in average precision for the classification and the localization of the gazed-objects. The code of the proposed method is publicly available.
Gramian Attention Heads are Strong yet Efficient Vision Learners
Authors: Jongbin Ryu, Dongyoon Han, Jongwoo Lim
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We introduce a novel architecture design that enhances expressiveness by incorporating multiple head classifiers (i.e., classification heads) instead of relying on channel expansion or additional building blocks. Our approach employs attention-based aggregation, utilizing pairwise feature similarity to enhance multiple lightweight heads with minimal resource overhead. We compute the Gramian matrices to reinforce class tokens in an attention layer for each head. This enables the heads to learn more discriminative representations, enhancing their aggregation capabilities. Furthermore, we propose a learning algorithm that encourages heads to complement each other by reducing correlation for aggregation. Our models eventually surpass state-of-the-art CNNs and ViTs regarding the accuracy-throughput trade-off on ImageNet-1K and deliver remarkable performance across various downstream tasks, such as COCO object instance segmentation, ADE20k semantic segmentation, and fine-grained visual classification datasets. The effectiveness of our framework is substantiated by practical experimental results and further underpinned by generalization error bound. We release the code publicly at: https://github.com/Lab-LVM/imagenet-models.
VADER: Video Alignment Differencing and Retrieval
Authors: Alexander Black, Simon Jenni, Tu Bui, Md. Mehrab Tanjim, Stefano Petrangeli, Ritwik Sinha, Viswanathan Swaminathan, John Collomosse
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We propose VADER, a spatio-temporal matching, alignment, and change summarization method to help fight misinformation spread via manipulated videos. VADER matches and coarsely aligns partial video fragments to candidate videos using a robust visual descriptor and scalable search over adaptively chunked video content. A transformer-based alignment module then refines the temporal localization of the query fragment within the matched video. A space-time comparator module identifies regions of manipulation between aligned content, invariant to any changes due to any residual temporal misalignments or artifacts arising from non-editorial changes of the content. Robustly matching video to a trusted source enables conclusions to be drawn on video provenance, enabling informed trust decisions on content encountered. Code and data are available at https://github.com/AlexBlck/vader
MI-GAN: A Simple Baseline for Image Inpainting on Mobile Devices
Authors: Andranik Sargsyan, Shant Navasardyan, Xingqian Xu, Humphrey Shi
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: In recent years, many deep learning based image inpainting methods have been developed by the research community. Some of those methods have shown impressive image completion abilities. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, there is no image inpainting model designed to run on mobile devices. In this paper we present a simple image inpainting baseline, Mobile Inpainting GAN (MI-GAN), which is approximately one order of magnitude computationally cheaper and smaller than existing state-of-the-art inpainting models, and can be efficiently deployed on mobile devices. Excessive quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that MI-GAN performs comparable or, in some cases, better than recent state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we perform a user study comparing MI-GAN results with results from several commercial mobile inpainting applications, which clearly shows the advantage of MI-GAN in comparison to existing apps. With the purpose of high quality and efficient inpainting, we utilize an effective combination of adversarial training, model re-parametrization, and knowledge distillation. Our models and code are publicly available at https://github.com/Picsart-AI-Research/MI-GAN.
HiLo: Exploiting High Low Frequency Relations for Unbiased Panoptic Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Zijian Zhou, Miaojing Shi, Holger Caesar
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Panoptic Scene Graph generation (PSG) is a recently proposed task in image scene understanding that aims to segment the image and extract triplets of subjects, objects and their relations to build a scene graph. This task is particularly challenging for two reasons. First, it suffers from a long-tail problem in its relation categories, making naive biased methods more inclined to high-frequency relations. Existing unbiased methods tackle the long-tail problem by data/loss rebalancing to favor low-frequency relations. Second, a subject-object pair can have two or more semantically overlapping relations. While existing methods favor one over the other, our proposed HiLo framework lets different network branches specialize on low and high frequency relations, enforce their consistency and fuse the results. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to propose an explicitly unbiased PSG method. In extensive experiments we show that our HiLo framework achieves state-of-the-art results on the PSG task. We also apply our method to the Scene Graph Generation task that predicts boxes instead of masks and see improvements over all baseline methods. Code is available at https://github.com/franciszzj/HiLo.
Chop & Learn: Recognizing and Generating Object-State Compositions
Authors: Nirat Saini, Hanyu Wang, Archana Swaminathan, Vinoj Jayasundara, Bo He, Kamal Gupta, Abhinav Shrivastava
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Recognizing and generating object-state compositions has been a challenging task, especially when generalizing to unseen compositions. In this paper, we study the task of cutting objects in different styles and the resulting object state changes. We propose a new benchmark suite Chop & Learn, to accommodate the needs of learning objects and different cut styles using multiple viewpoints. We also propose a new task of Compositional Image Generation, which can transfer learned cut styles to different objects, by generating novel object-state images. Moreover, we also use the videos for Compositional Action Recognition, and show valuable uses of this dataset for multiple video tasks. Project website: https://chopnlearn.github.io.
Automatic Animation of Hair Blowing in Still Portrait Photos
Authors: Wenpeng Xiao, Wentao Liu, Yitong Wang, Bernard Ghanem, Bing Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We propose a novel approach to animate human hair in a still portrait photo. Existing work has largely studied the animation of fluid elements such as water and fire. However, hair animation for a real image remains underexplored, which is a challenging problem, due to the high complexity of hair structure and dynamics. Considering the complexity of hair structure, we innovatively treat hair wisp extraction as an instance segmentation problem, where a hair wisp is referred to as an instance. With advanced instance segmentation networks, our method extracts meaningful and natural hair wisps. Furthermore, we propose a wisp-aware animation module that animates hair wisps with pleasing motions without noticeable artifacts. The extensive experiments show the superiority of our method. Our method provides the most pleasing and compelling viewing experience in the qualitative experiments, and outperforms state-of-the-art still-image animation methods by a large margin in the quantitative evaluation. Project url: https://nevergiveu.github.io/AutomaticHairBlowing/
A Large-Scale Outdoor Multi-Modal Dataset and Benchmark for Novel View Synthesis and Implicit Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Chongshan Lu, Fukun Yin, Xin Chen, Wen Liu, Tao Chen, Gang Yu, Jiayuan Fan
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) has achieved impressive results in single object scene reconstruction and novel view synthesis, as demonstrated on many single modality and single object focused indoor scene datasets like DTU, BMVS, and NeRF Synthetic. However, the study of NeRF on large-scale outdoor scene reconstruction is still limited, as there is no unified outdoor scene dataset for large-scale NeRF evaluation due to expensive data acquisition and calibration costs. 
  In this work, we propose a large-scale outdoor multi-modal dataset, OMMO dataset, containing complex objects and scenes with calibrated images, point clouds and prompt annotations. A new benchmark for several outdoor NeRF-based tasks is established, such as novel view synthesis,diverse 3D representation, and multi-modal NeRF. To create the dataset, we capture and collect a large number of real fly-view videos and select high-quality and high-resolution clips from them. Then we design a quality review module to refine images, remove low-quality frames and fail-to-calibrate scenes through a learning-based automatic evaluation plus manual review. Finally, volunteers are employed to label and review the prompt annotation for each scene and keyframe.Compared with existing NeRF datasets, our dataset contains abundant real-world urban and natural scenes with various scales, camera trajectories, and lighting conditions. Experiments show that our dataset can benchmark most state-of-the-art NeRF methods on different tasks.The dataset can be found at the following link: https://ommo.luchongshan.com/ .
4D Panoptic Segmentation as Invariant and Equivariant Field Prediction
Authors: Minghan Zhu, Shizhong Han, Hong Cai, Shubhankar Borse, Maani Ghaffari, Fatih Porikli
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: In this paper, we develop rotation-equivariant neural networks for 4D panoptic segmentation. 4D panoptic segmentation is a benchmark task for autonomous driving that requires recognizing semantic classes and object instances on the road based on LiDAR scans, as well as assigning temporally consistent IDs to instances across time. We observe that the driving scenario is symmetric to rotations on the ground plane. Therefore, rotation-equivariance could provide better generalization and more robust feature learning. Specifically, we review the object instance clustering strategies and restate the centerness-based approach and the offset-based approach as the prediction of invariant scalar fields and equivariant vector fields. Other sub-tasks are also unified from this perspective, and different invariant and equivariant layers are designed to facilitate their predictions. Through evaluation on the standard 4D panoptic segmentation benchmark of SemanticKITTI, we show that our equivariant models achieve higher accuracy with lower computational costs compared to their non-equivariant counterparts. Moreover, our method sets the new state-of-the-art performance and achieves 1st place on the SemanticKITTI 4D Panoptic Segmentation leaderboard.
Unleashing Vanilla Vision Transformer with Masked Image Modeling for Object Detection
Authors: Yuxin Fang, Shusheng Yang, Shijie Wang, Yixiao Ge, Ying Shan, Xinggang Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We present an approach to efficiently and effectively adapt a masked image modeling (MIM) pre-trained vanilla Vision Transformer (ViT) for object detection, which is based on our two novel observations: (i) A MIM pre-trained vanilla ViT encoder can work surprisingly well in the challenging object-level recognition scenario even with randomly sampled partial observations, e.g., only 25%   50% of the input embeddings. (ii) In order to construct multi-scale representations for object detection from single-scale ViT, a randomly initialized compact convolutional stem supplants the pre-trained patchify stem, and its intermediate features can naturally serve as the higher resolution inputs of a feature pyramid network without further upsampling or other manipulations. While the pre-trained ViT is only regarded as the third-stage of our detector's backbone instead of the whole feature extractor. This naturally results in a ConvNet-ViT hybrid architecture. The proposed detector, named MIMDet, enables a MIM pre-trained vanilla ViT to outperform leading hierarchical architectures such as Swin Transformer, MViTv2 and ConvNeXt on COCO object detection & instance segmentation, and achieves better results compared with the previous best adapted vanilla ViT detector using a more modest fine-tuning recipe while converging 2.8x faster. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/hustvl/MIMDet.
NDC-Scene: Boost Monocular 3D Semantic Scene Completion in Normalized Device Coordinates Space
Authors: Jiawei Yao, Chuming Li, Keqiang Sun, Yingjie Cai, Hao Li, Wanli Ouyang, Hongsheng Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Monocular 3D Semantic Scene Completion (SSC) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to predict complex semantics and geometry shapes from a single image, requiring no 3D inputs. In this paper, we identify several critical issues in current state-of-the-art methods, including the Feature Ambiguity of projected 2D features in the ray to the 3D space, the Pose Ambiguity of the 3D convolution, and the Computation Imbalance in the 3D convolution across different depth levels. To address these problems, we devise a novel Normalized Device Coordinates scene completion network (NDC-Scene) that directly extends the 2D feature map to a Normalized Device Coordinates (NDC) space, rather than to the world space directly, through progressive restoration of the dimension of depth with deconvolution operations. Experiment results demonstrate that transferring the majority of computation from the target 3D space to the proposed normalized device coordinates space benefits monocular SSC tasks. Additionally, we design a Depth-Adaptive Dual Decoder to simultaneously upsample and fuse the 2D and 3D feature maps, further improving overall performance. Our extensive experiments confirm that the proposed method consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both outdoor SemanticKITTI and indoor NYUv2 datasets. Our code are available at https://github.com/Jiawei-Yao0812/NDCScene.
Spatio-Temporal Crop Aggregation for Video Representation Learning
Authors: Sepehr Sameni, Simon Jenni, Paolo Favaro
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We propose Spatio-temporal Crop Aggregation for video representation LEarning (SCALE), a novel method that enjoys high scalability at both training and inference time. Our model builds long-range video features by learning from sets of video clip-level features extracted with a pre-trained backbone. To train the model, we propose a self-supervised objective consisting of masked clip feature predictions. We apply sparsity to both the input, by extracting a random set of video clips, and to the loss function, by only reconstructing the sparse inputs. Moreover, we use dimensionality reduction by working in the latent space of a pre-trained backbone applied to single video clips. These techniques make our method not only extremely efficient to train but also highly effective in transfer learning. We demonstrate that our video representation yields state-of-the-art performance with linear, nonlinear, and k-NN probing on common action classification and video understanding datasets.
Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Jonathan T. Barron, Ben Mildenhall, Dor Verbin, Pratul P. Srinivasan, Peter Hedman
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Neural Radiance Field training can be accelerated through the use of grid-based representations in NeRF's learned mapping from spatial coordinates to colors and volumetric density. However, these grid-based approaches lack an explicit understanding of scale and therefore often introduce aliasing, usually in the form of jaggies or missing scene content. Anti-aliasing has previously been addressed by mip-NeRF 360, which reasons about sub-volumes along a cone rather than points along a ray, but this approach is not natively compatible with current grid-based techniques. We show how ideas from rendering and signal processing can be used to construct a technique that combines mip-NeRF 360 and grid-based models such as Instant NGP to yield error rates that are 8%-77% lower than either prior technique, and that trains 24x faster than mip-NeRF 360.
Neural-PBIR Reconstruction of Shape, Material, and Illumination
Authors: Cheng Sun, Guangyan Cai, Zhengqin Li, Kai Yan, Cheng Zhang, Carl Marshall, Jia-Bin Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhao Dong
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Reconstructing the shape and spatially varying surface appearances of a physical-world object as well as its surrounding illumination based on 2D images (e.g., photographs) of the object has been a long-standing problem in computer vision and graphics. In this paper, we introduce an accurate and highly efficient object reconstruction pipeline combining neural based object reconstruction and physics-based inverse rendering (PBIR). Our pipeline firstly leverages a neural SDF based shape reconstruction to produce high-quality but potentially imperfect object shape. Then, we introduce a neural material and lighting distillation stage to achieve high-quality predictions for material and illumination. In the last stage, initialized by the neural predictions, we perform PBIR to refine the initial results and obtain the final high-quality reconstruction of object shape, material, and illumination. Experimental results demonstrate our pipeline significantly outperforms existing methods quality-wise and performance-wise. Code: https://neural-pbir.github.io/
Fg-T2M: Fine-Grained Text-Driven Human Motion Generation via Diffusion Model
Authors: Yin Wang, Zhiying Leng, Frederick W. B. Li, Shun-Cheng Wu, Xiaohui Liang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Text-driven human motion generation in computer vision is both significant and challenging. However, current methods are limited to producing either deterministic or imprecise motion sequences, failing to effectively control the temporal and spatial relationships required to conform to a given text description. In this work, we propose a fine-grained method for generating high-quality, conditional human motion sequences supporting precise text description. Our approach consists of two key components: 1) a linguistics-structure assisted module that constructs accurate and complete language feature to fully utilize text information; and 2) a context-aware progressive reasoning module that learns neighborhood and overall semantic linguistics features from shallow and deep graph neural networks to achieve a multi-step inference. Experiments show that our approach outperforms text-driven motion generation methods on HumanML3D and KIT test sets and generates better visually confirmed motion to the text conditions.
BlindHarmony: "Blind" Harmonization for MR Images via Flow Model
Authors: Hwihun Jeong, Heejoon Byun, Dong Un Kang, Jongho Lee
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: In MRI, images of the same contrast (e.g., T1) from the same subject can exhibit noticeable differences when acquired using different hardware, sequences, or scan parameters. These differences in images create a domain gap that needs to be bridged by a step called image harmonization, to process the images successfully using conventional or deep learning-based image analysis (e.g., segmentation). Several methods, including deep learning-based approaches, have been proposed to achieve image harmonization. However, they often require datasets from multiple domains for deep learning training and may still be unsuccessful when applied to images from unseen domains. To address this limitation, we propose a novel concept called 'Blind Harmonization', which utilizes only target domain data for training but still has the capability to harmonize images from unseen domains. For the implementation of blind harmonization, we developed BlindHarmony using an unconditional flow model trained on target domain data. The harmonized image is optimized to have a correlation with the input source domain image while ensuring that the latent vector of the flow model is close to the center of the Gaussian distribution. BlindHarmony was evaluated on both simulated and real datasets and compared to conventional methods. BlindHarmony demonstrated noticeable performance on both datasets, highlighting its potential for future use in clinical settings. The source code is available at: https://github.com/SNU-LIST/BlindHarmony
Zero-guidance Segmentation Using Zero Segment Labels
Authors: Pitchaporn Rewatbowornwong, Nattanat Chatthee, Ekapol Chuangsuwanich, Supasorn Suwajanakorn
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: The joint visual-language model CLIP has enabled new and exciting applications, such as open-vocabulary segmentation, which can locate any segment given an arbitrary text query. In our research, we ask whether it is possible to discover semantic segments without any user guidance in the form of text queries or predefined classes, and label them using natural language automatically? We propose a novel problem zero-guidance segmentation and the first baseline that leverages two pre-trained generalist models, DINO and CLIP, to solve this problem without any fine-tuning or segmentation dataset. The general idea is to first segment an image into small over-segments, encode them into CLIP's visual-language space, translate them into text labels, and merge semantically similar segments together. The key challenge, however, is how to encode a visual segment into a segment-specific embedding that balances global and local context information, both useful for recognition. Our main contribution is a novel attention-masking technique that balances the two contexts by analyzing the attention layers inside CLIP. We also introduce several metrics for the evaluation of this new task. With CLIP's innate knowledge, our method can precisely locate the Mona Lisa painting among a museum crowd.
Efficient LiDAR Point Cloud Oversegmentation Network
Authors: Le Hui, Linghua Tang, Yuchao Dai, Jin Xie, Jian Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Point cloud oversegmentation is a challenging task since it needs to produce perceptually meaningful partitions (i.e., superpoints) of a point cloud. Most existing oversegmentation methods cannot efficiently generate superpoints from large-scale LiDAR point clouds due to complex and inefficient procedures. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient end-to-end LiDAR oversegmentation network, which segments superpoints from the LiDAR point cloud by grouping points based on low-level point embeddings. Specifically, we first learn the similarity of points from the constructed local neighborhoods to obtain low-level point embeddings through the local discriminative loss. Then, to generate homogeneous superpoints from the sparse LiDAR point cloud, we propose a LiDAR point grouping algorithm that simultaneously considers the similarity of point embeddings and the Euclidean distance of points in 3D space. Finally, we design a superpoint refinement module for accurately assigning the hard boundary points to the corresponding superpoints. Extensive results on two large-scale outdoor datasets, SemanticKITTI and nuScenes, show that our method achieves a new state-of-the-art in LiDAR oversegmentation. Notably, the inference time of our method is 100x faster than that of other methods. Furthermore, we apply the learned superpoints to the LiDAR semantic segmentation task and the results show that using superpoints can significantly improve the LiDAR semantic segmentation of the baseline network. Code is available at https://github.com/fpthink/SuperLiDAR.
Communication-efficient Federated Learning with Single-Step Synthetic Features Compressor for Faster Convergence
Authors: Yuhao Zhou, Mingjia Shi, Yuanxi Li, Yanan Sun, Qing Ye, Jiancheng Lv
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Reducing communication overhead in federated learning (FL) is challenging but crucial for large-scale distributed privacy-preserving machine learning. While methods utilizing sparsification or other techniques can largely reduce the communication overhead, the convergence rate is also greatly compromised. In this paper, we propose a novel method named Single-Step Synthetic Features Compressor (3SFC) to achieve communication-efficient FL by directly constructing a tiny synthetic dataset containing synthetic features based on raw gradients. Therefore, 3SFC can achieve an extremely low compression rate when the constructed synthetic dataset contains only one data sample. Additionally, the compressing phase of 3SFC utilizes a similarity-based objective function so that it can be optimized with just one step, considerably improving its performance and robustness. To minimize the compressing error, error feedback (EF) is also incorporated into 3SFC. Experiments on multiple datasets and models suggest that 3SFC has significantly better convergence rates compared to competing methods with lower compression rates (i.e., up to 0.02%). Furthermore, ablation studies and visualizations show that 3SFC can carry more information than competing methods for every communication round, further validating its effectiveness.
SVDFormer: Complementing Point Cloud via Self-view Augmentation and Self-structure Dual-generator
Authors: Zhe Zhu, Honghua Chen, Xing He, Weiming Wang, Jing Qin, Mingqiang Wei
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel network, SVDFormer, to tackle two specific challenges in point cloud completion: understanding faithful global shapes from incomplete point clouds and generating high-accuracy local structures. Current methods either perceive shape patterns using only 3D coordinates or import extra images with well-calibrated intrinsic parameters to guide the geometry estimation of the missing parts. However, these approaches do not always fully leverage the cross-modal self-structures available for accurate and high-quality point cloud completion. To this end, we first design a Self-view Fusion Network that leverages multiple-view depth image information to observe incomplete self-shape and generate a compact global shape. To reveal highly detailed structures, we then introduce a refinement module, called Self-structure Dual-generator, in which we incorporate learned shape priors and geometric self-similarities for producing new points. By perceiving the incompleteness of each point, the dual-path design disentangles refinement strategies conditioned on the structural type of each point. SVDFormer absorbs the wisdom of self-structures, avoiding any additional paired information such as color images with precisely calibrated camera intrinsic parameters. Comprehensive experiments indicate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on widely-used benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/czvvd/SVDFormer.
Few-Shot Video Classification via Representation Fusion and Promotion Learning
Authors: Haifeng Xia, Kai Li, Martin Renqiang Min, Zhengming Ding
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Recent few-shot video classification (FSVC) works achieve promising performance by capturing similarity across support and query samples with different temporal alignment strategies or learning discriminative features via Transformer block within each episode. However, they ignore two important issues: a) It is difficult to capture rich intrinsic action semantics from a limited number of support instances within each task. b) Redundant or irrelevant frames in videos easily weaken the positive influence of discriminative frames. To address these two issues, this paper proposes a novel Representation Fusion and Promotion Learning (RFPL) mechanism with two sub-modules: meta-action learning (MAL) and reinforced image representation (RIR). Concretely, during training stage, we perform online learning for seeking a task-shared meta-action bank to enrich task-specific action representation by injecting global knowledge. Besides, we exploit reinforcement learning to obtain the importance of each frame and refine the representation. This operation maximizes the contribution of discriminative frames to further capture the similarity of support and query samples from the same category. Our RFPL framework is highly flexible that it can be integrated with many existing FSVC methods. Extensive experiments show that RFPL significantly enhances the performance of existing FSVC models when integrated with them.