mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Quantization Mimic: Towards Very Tiny CNN for Object Detection
Authors: Yi Wei, Xinyu Pan, Hongwei Qin, Wanli Ouyang, Junjie Yan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple and general framework for training very tiny CNNs for object detection. Due to limited representation ability, it is challenging to train very tiny networks for complicated tasks like detection. To the best of our knowledge, our method, called Quantization Mimic, is the first one focusing on very tiny networks. We utilize two types of acceleration methods: mimic and quantization. Mimic improves the performance of a student network by transfering knowledge from a teacher network. Quantization converts a full-precision network to a quantized one without large degradation of performance. If the teacher network is quantized, the search scope of the student network will be smaller. Using this feature of the quantization, we propose Quantization Mimic. It first quantizes the large network, then mimic a quantized small network. The quantization operation can help student network to better match the feature maps from teacher network. To evaluate our approach, we carry out experiments on various popular CNNs including VGG and Resnet, as well as different detection frameworks including Faster R-CNN and R-FCN. Experiments on Pascal VOC and WIDER FACE verify that our Quantization Mimic algorithm can be applied on various settings and outperforms state-of-the-art model acceleration methods given limited computing resouces.
Learning Rigidity in Dynamic Scenes with a Moving Camera for 3D Motion Field Estimation
Authors: Zhaoyang Lv, Kihwan Kim, Alejandro Troccoli, Deqing Sun, James M. Rehg, Jan Kautz
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Estimation of 3D motion in a dynamic scene from a temporal pair of images is a core task in many scene understanding problems. In real world applications, a dynamic scene is commonly captured by a moving camera (i.e., panning, tilting or hand-held), increasing the task complexity because the scene is observed from different view points. The main challenge is the disambiguation of the camera motion from scene motion, which becomes more difficult as the amount of rigidity observed decreases, even with successful estimation of 2D image correspondences. Compared to other state-of-the-art 3D scene flow estimation methods, in this paper we propose to emph{learn} the rigidity of a scene in a supervised manner from a large collection of dynamic scene data, and directly infer a rigidity mask from two sequential images with depths. With the learned network, we show how we can effectively estimate camera motion and projected scene flow using computed 2D optical flow and the inferred rigidity mask. For training and testing the rigidity network, we also provide a new semi-synthetic dynamic scene dataset (synthetic foreground objects with a real background) and an evaluation split that accounts for the percentage of observed non-rigid pixels. Through our evaluation, we show the proposed framework outperforms current state-of-the-art scene flow estimation methods in challenging dynamic scenes.
Proximal Dehaze-Net: A Prior Learning-Based Deep Network for Single Image Dehazing
Authors: Dong Yang, Jian Sun
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Photos taken in hazy weather are usually covered with white masks and often lose important details. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning approach for single image dehazing by learning dark channel and transmission priors. First, we build an energy model for dehazing using dark channel and transmission priors and design an iterative optimization algorithm using proximal operators for these two priors. Second, we unfold the iterative algorithm to be a deep network, dubbed as extit{proximal dehaze-net}, by learning the proximal operators using convolutional neural networks. Our network combines the advantages of traditional prior-based dehazing methods and deep learning methods by incorporating haze-related prior learning into deep network. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance for single image dehazing.
Textual Explanations for Self-Driving Vehicles
Authors: Jinkyu Kim, Anna Rohrbach, Trevor Darrell, John Canny, Zeynep Akata
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Deep neural perception and control networks have become key components of self-driving vehicles. User acceptance is likely to benefit from easy-to-interpret textual explanations which allow end-users to understand what triggered a particular behavior. Explanations may be triggered by the neural controller, namely introspective explanations, or informed by the neural controller's output, namely rationalizations. We propose a new approach to introspective explanations which consists of two parts. First, we use a visual (spatial) attention model to train a convolutional network end-to-end from images to the vehicle control commands, i.e., acceleration and change of course. The controller's attention identifies image regions that potentially influence the network's output. Second, we use an attention-based video-to-text model to produce textual explanations of model actions. The attention maps of controller and explanation model are aligned so that explanations are grounded in the parts of the scene that mattered to the controller. We explore two approaches to attention alignment, strong- and weak-alignment. Finally, we explore a version of our model that generates rationalizations, and compare with introspective explanations on the same video segments. We evaluate these models on a novel driving dataset with ground-truth human explanations, the Berkeley DeepDrive eXplanation (BDD-X) dataset. Code is available at https://github.com/JinkyuKimUCB/explainable-deep-driving.
Focus, Segment and Erase: An Efficient Network for Multi-Label Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Xuan Chen, Jun Hao Liew, Wei Xiong, Chee-Kong Chui, Sim-Heng Ong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In multi-label brain tumor segmentation, class imbalance and inter-class interference are common and challenging problems. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end trainable network named FSENet to address the aforementioned issues. The proposed FSENet has a tumor region pooling component to restrict the prediction within the tumor region (``focus"), thus mitigating the influence of the dominant non-tumor region. Furthermore, the network decomposes the more challenging multi-label brain tumor segmentation problem into several simpler binary segmentation tasks (``segment"), where each task focuses on a specific tumor tissue. To alleviate inter-class interference, we adopt a simple yet effective idea in our work: we erase the segmented regions before proceeding to further segmentation of tumor tissue (``erase"), thus reduces competition among different tumor classes. Our single-model FSENet ranks 3rd on the multi-modal brain tumor segmentation benchmark 2015 (BraTS 2015) without relying on ensembles or complicated post-processing steps.
Local Orthogonal-Group Testing
Authors: Ahmet Iscen, Ondrej Chum
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This work addresses approximate nearest neighbor search applied in the domain of large-scale image retrieval. Within the group testing framework we propose an efficient off-line construction of the search structures. The linear-time complexity orthogonal grouping increases the probability that at most one element from each group is matching to a given query. Non-maxima suppression with each group efficiently reduces the number of false positive results at no extra cost. Unlike in other well-performing approaches, all processing is local, fast, and suitable to process data in batches and in parallel. We experimentally show that the proposed method achieves search accuracy of the exhaustive search with significant reduction in the search complexity. The method can be naturally combined with existing embedding methods.
Connecting Gaze, Scene, and Attention: Generalized Attention Estimation via Joint Modeling of Gaze and Scene Saliency
Authors: Eunji Chong, Nataniel Ruiz, Yongxin Wang, Yun Zhang, Agata Rozga, James M. Rehg
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper addresses the challenging problem of estimating the general visual attention of people in images. Our proposed method is designed to work across multiple naturalistic social scenarios and provides a full picture of the subject’s attention and gaze. In contrast, earlier works on gaze and attention estimation have focused on constrained problems in more specific contexts. In particular, our model explicitly represents the gaze direction and handles out-of-frame gaze targets. We leverage three different datasets using a multi-task learning approach. We evaluate our method on widely used benchmarks for single-tasks such as gaze angle estimation and attention-within-an-image, as well as on the new challenging task of generalized visual attention prediction. In addition, we have created extended annotations for the MMDB and GazeFollow datasets which are used in our experiments, which we will publicly release.
Show, Tell and Discriminate: Image Captioning by Self-retrieval with Partially Labeled Data
Authors: Xihui Liu, Hongsheng Li, Jing Shao, Dapeng Chen, Xiaogang Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: The aim of image captioning is to generate captions by machine to describe image contents. Despite many efforts, generating discriminative captions for images remains non-trivial. Most traditional approaches imitate the language structure patterns, thus tend to fall into a stereotype of replicating frequent phrases or sentences and neglect unique aspects of each image. In this work, we propose an image captioning framework with a self-retrieval module as training guidance, which encourages generating discriminative captions. It brings unique advantages: (1) the self-retrieval guidance can act as a metric and an evaluator of caption discriminativeness to assure the quality of generated captions. (2) The correspondence between generated captions and images are naturally incorporated in the generation process without human annotations, and hence our approach could utilize a large amount of unlabeled images to boost captioning performance with no additional laborious annotations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed retrieval-guided method on COCO and Flickr30k captioning datasets, and show its superior captioning performance with more discriminative captions.
VideoMatch: Matching based Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Yuan-Ting Hu, Jia-Bin Huang, Alexander G. Schwing
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Video object segmentation is challenging yet important in a wide variety of applications for video analysis. Recent works formulate video object segmentation as a prediction task using deep nets to achieve appealing state-of-the-art performance. Due to the formulation as a prediction task, most of these methods require fine-tuning during test time, such that the deep nets memorize the appearance of the objects of interest in the given video. However, fine-tuning is time-consuming and computationally expensive, hence the algorithms are far from real time. To address this issue, we develop a novel matching based algorithm for video object segmentation. In contrast to memorization based classification techniques, the proposed approach learns to match extracted features to a provided template without memorizing the appearance of the objects. We validate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed method on the challenging DAVIS-2016, DAVIS-2017, Youtube-Objects and JumpCut datasets. Extensive results show that our method achieves comparable performance without fine-tuning and is much more favorable in terms of computational time.
Unsupervised Video Object Segmentation with Motion-based Bilateral Networks
Authors: Siyang Li, Bryan Seybold, Alexey Vorobyov, Xuejing Lei, C.-C. Jay Kuo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this work, we study the unsupervised video object segmentation problem where moving objects are segmented without prior knowledge of these objects. First, we propose a motion-based bilateral network to estimate the background based on the motion pattern of non-object regions. The bilateral network reduces false positive regions by accurately identifying background objects. Then, we integrate the background estimate from the bilateral network with instance embeddings into a graph, which allows multiple frame reasoning with graph edges linking pixels from different frames. We classify graph nodes by defining and minimizing a cost function, and segment the video frames based on the node labels. The proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-art unsupervised video object segmentation methods against the DAVIS 2016 and the FBMS-59 datasets.
3D Vehicle Trajectory Reconstruction in Monocular Video Data Using Environment Structure Constraints
Authors: Sebastian Bullinger, Christoph Bodensteiner, Michael Arens, Rainer Stiefelhagen
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We present a framework to reconstruct three-dimensional vehicle trajectories using monocular video data. We track two-dimensional vehicle shapes on pixel level exploiting instance-aware semantic segmentation techniques and optical flow cues. We apply Structure from Motion techniques to vehicle and background images to determine for each frame camera poses relative to vehicle instances and background structures. By combining vehicle and background camera pose information, we restrict the vehicle trajectory to a one-parameter family of possible solutions. We compute a ground representation by fusing background structures and corresponding semantic segmentations. We propose a novel method to determine vehicle trajectories consistent to image observations and reconstructed environment structures as well as a criterion to identify frames suitable for scale ratio estimation. We show qualitative results using drone imagery as well as driving sequences from the Cityscape dataset. Due to the lack of suitable benchmark datasets we present a new dataset to evaluate the quality of reconstructed three-dimensional vehicle trajectories. The video sequences show vehicles in urban areas and are rendered using the path-tracing render engine Cycles. In contrast to previous work, we perform a quantitative evaluation of the presented approach. Our algorithm achieves an average reconstruction-to-ground-truth-trajectory distance of 0.31 meter using this dataset. The dataset including evaluation scripts will be publicly available on our website.
Shuffle-Then-Assemble: Learning Object-Agnostic Visual Relationship Features
Authors: Xu Yang, Hanwang Zhang, Jianfei Cai
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Due to fact that it is prohibitively expensive to completely annotate visual relationships, ie, the (obj1, rel, obj2) triplets, relationship models are inevitably biased to object classes of limited pairwise patterns, leading to poor generalization to rare or unseen object combinations. Therefore, we are interested in learning object-agnostic visual features for more generalizable relationship models. By ``agnostic'', we mean that the feature is less likely biased to the classes of paired objects. To alleviate the bias, we propose a novel Shuffle-Then-Assemble pre-training strategy. First, we discard all the triplet relationship annotations in an image, leaving two unpaired object domains without obj1-obj2 alignment. Then, our feature learning is to recover possible obj1-obj2 pairs. In particular, we design a cycle of residual transformations between the two domains, where the identity mappings encourage the RoI features to capture shared but not object-specific visual patterns. Extensive experiments on two visual relationship benchmarks show that by using our pre-trained features, naive relationship models can be consistently improved and even outperform other state-of-the-art relationship models.
Revisiting the Inverted Indices for Billion-Scale Approximate Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Dmitry Baranchuk, Artem Babenko, Yury Malkov
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This work addresses the problem of billion-scale nearest neighbor search. The state-of-the-art retrieval systems for billion-scale databases are currently based on the inverted multi-index, the recently proposed generalization of the inverted index structure. The multi-index provides a very fine-grained partition of the feature space that allows extracting concise and accurate short-lists of candidates for the search queries. In this paper, we argue that the potential of the simple inverted index was not fully exploited in previous works and advocate its usage both for the highly-entangled deep descriptors and relatively disentangled SIFT descriptors. We introduce a new retrieval system that is based on the inverted index and outperforms the multi-index by a large margin for the same memory consumption and construction complexity. For example, our system achieves the state-of-the-art recall rates several times faster on the dataset of one billion deep descriptors compared to the efficient implementation of the inverted multi-index from the FAISS library.
Eliminating the Blind Spot: Adapting 3D Object Detection and Monocular Depth Estimation to 360° Panoramic Imagery
Authors: Greire Payen de La Garanderie, Amir Atapour Abarghouei, Toby P. Breckon
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recent automotive vision work has focused almost exclusively on processing forward-facing cameras. However, future autonomous vehicles will not be viable without a more comprehensive surround sensing, akin to a human driver, as can be provided by 360° panoramic cameras. We present an approach to adapt contemporary deep network architectures developed on conventional rectilinear imagery to work on equirectangular 360° panoramic imagery. To address the lack of annotated panoramic automotive datasets availability, we adapt contemporary automotive dataset, via style and projection transformations, to facilitate the cross-domain retraining of contemporary algorithms for panoramic imagery. Following this approach we retrain and adapt existing architectures to recover scene depth and 3D pose of vehicles from monocular panoramic imagery without any panoramic training labels or calibration parameters. Our approach is evaluated qualitatively on crowd-sourced panoramic images and quantitatively using an automotive environment simulator to provide the first benchmark for such techniques within panoramic imagery.
Towards Realistic Predictors
Authors: Pei Wang, Nuno Vasconcelos
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: A new class of predictors, denoted realistic predictors, is defined. These are predictors that, like humans, assess the difficulty of examples, reject to work on those that are deemed too hard, but guarantee good performance on the ones they operate on. In this paper, we talk about a particular case of it, realistic classifiers. The central problem in realistic classification, the design of an inductive predictor of hardness scores, is considered. It is argued that this should be a predictor independent of the classifier itself, but tuned to it, and learned without explicit supervision, so as to learn from its mistakes. A new architecture is proposed to accomplish these goals by complementing the classifier with an auxiliary hardness prediction network (HP-Net). Sharing the same inputs as classifiers, the HP-Net outputs the hardness scores to be fed to the classifier as loss weights. Alternatively, the output of classifiers is also fed to HP-Net in a new defined loss, variant of cross entropy loss. The two networks are trained jointly in an adversarial way where, as the classifier learns to improve its predictions, the HP-Net refines its hardness scores. Given the learned hardness predictor, a simple implementation of realistic classifiers is proposed by rejecting examples with large scores. Experimental results not only provide evidence in support of the effectiveness of the proposed architecture and the learned hardness predictor, but also show that the realistic classifier always improves performance on the examples that it accepts to classify, performing better on these examples than an equivalent nonrealistic classifier. All of these make it possible for realistic classifiers to guarantee a good performance.
Learning Deep Representations with Probabilistic Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Nikolaos Passalis, Anastasios Tefas
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Knowledge Transfer (KT) techniques tackle the problem of transferring the knowledge from a large and complex neural network into a smaller and faster one. However, existing KT methods are tailored towards classification tasks and they cannot be used efficiently for other representation learning tasks. In this paper we propose a novel probabilistic knowledge transfer method that works by matching the probability distribution of the data in the feature space instead of their actual representation. Apart from outperforming existing KT techniques, the proposed method allows for overcoming several of their limitations providing new insight into KT as well as novel KT applications, ranging from KT from handcrafted feature extractors to cross-modal KT from the textual modality into the representation extracted from the visual modality of the data.
DFT-based Transformation Invariant Pooling Layer for Visual Classification
Authors: Jongbin Ryu, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Jongwoo Lim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose a novel discrete Fourier transform-based pooling layer for convolutional neural networks. The DFT magnitude pooling replaces the traditional max/average pooling layer between the convolution and fully-connected layers to retain translation invariance and shape preserving (aware of shape difference) properties based on the shift theorem of the Fourier transform. Thanks to the ability to handle image misalignment while keeping important structural information in the pooling stage, the DFT magnitude pooling improves the classification accuracy significantly. In addition, we propose the DFT+ method for ensemble networks using the middle convolution layer outputs. The proposed methods are extensively evaluated on various classification tasks using the ImageNet, CUB 2010-2011, MIT Indoors, Caltech 101, FMD and DTD datasets. The AlexNet, VGG-VD 16, Inception-v3, and ResNet are used as the base networks, upon which DFT and DFT+ methods are implemented. Experimental results show that the proposed methods improve the classification performance in all networks and datasets.
Objects that Sound
Authors: Relja Arandjelovic, Andrew Zisserman
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper our objectives are, first, networks that can embed audio and visual inputs into a common space that is suitable for cross-modal retrieval; and second, a network that can localize the object that sounds in an image, given the audio signal. We achieve both these objectives by training from unlabelled video using only audio-visual correspondence (AVC) as the objective function. This is a form of cross-modal self-supervision from video. To this end, we design new network architectures that can be trained for cross-modal retrieval and localizing the sound source in an image, by using the AVC task. We make the following contributions: (i) show that audio and visual embeddings can be learnt that enable both within-mode (e.g. audio-to-audio) and between-mode retrieval; (ii) explore various architectures for the AVC task, including those for the visual stream that ingest a single image, or multiple images, or a single image and multi-frame optical flow; (iii) show that the semantic object that sounds within an image can be localized (using only the sound, no motion or flow information); and (iv) give a cautionary tale on how to avoid undesirable shortcuts in the data preparation.
End-to-End Incremental Learning
Authors: Francisco M. Castro, Manuel J. Marin-Jimenez, Nicolas Guil, Cordelia Schmid, Karteek Alahari
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Although deep learning approaches have stood out in recent years due to their state-of-the-art results, they continue to suffer from catastrophic forgetting, a dramatic decrease in overall performance when training with new classes added incrementally. This is due to current neural network architectures requiring the entire dataset, consisting of all the samples from the old as well as the new classes, to update the model -a requirement that becomes easily unsustainable as the number of classes grows. We address this issue with our approach to learn deep neural networks incrementally, using new data and only a small exemplar set corresponding to samples from the old classes. This is based on a loss composed of a distillation measure to retain the knowledge acquired from the old classes, and a cross-entropy loss to learn the new classes. Our incremental training is achieved while keeping the entire framework end-to-end, i.e., learning the data representation and the classifier jointly, unlike recent methods with no such guarantees. We evaluate our method extensively on the CIFAR-100 and ImageNet (ILSVRC 2012) image classification datasets, and show state-of-the-art performance.
SaaS: Speed as a Supervisor for Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Safa Cicek, Alhussein Fawzi, Stefano Soatto
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We introduce the SaaS Algorithm for semi-supervised learning, which uses learning speed during stochastic gradient descent in a deep neural network to measure the quality of an iterative estimate of the posterior probability of unknown labels. Training speed in supervised learning correlates strongly with the percentage of correct labels, so we use it as an inference criterion for the unknown labels, without attempting to infer the model parameters at first. Despite its simplicity, SaaS achieves state-of-the-art results in semi-supervised learning benchmarks.
Deep Video Quality Assessor: From Spatio-temporal Visual Sensitivity to A Convolutional Neural Aggregation Network
Authors: Woojae Kim, Jongyoo Kim, Sewoong Ahn, Jinwoo Kim, Sanghoon Lee
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Incorporating spatio-temporal human visual perception into video quality assessment (VQA) remains a formidable issue. Previous statistical or computational models of spatio-temporal perception have limitations to be applied to the general VQA algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel full-reference (FR) VQA framework named Deep Video Quality Assessor (DeepVQA) to quantify the spatio-temporal visual perception via a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a convolutional neural aggregation network (CNAN). Our framework enables to figure out the spatio-temporal sensitivity behavior through learning in accordance with the subjective score. In addition, to manipulate the temporal variation of distortions, we propose a novel temporal pooling method using an attention model. In the experiment, we show DeepVQA remarkably achieves the state-of-the-art prediction accuracy of more than 0.9 correlation, which is ~5% higher than those of conventional methods on the LIVE and CSIQ video databases.
Straight to the Facts: Learning Knowledge Base Retrieval for Factual Visual Question Answering
Authors: Medhini Narasimhan, Alexander G. Schwing
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Question answering is an important task for autonomous agents and virtual assistants alike and was shown to support the disabled in efficiently navigating an overwhelming environment. Many existing methods focus on observation-based questions, ignoring our ability to seamlessly combine observed content with general knowledge. To understand interactions with a knowledge base, a dataset has been introduced recently and keyword matching techniques were shown to yield compelling results despite being vulnerable to misconceptions due to synonyms and homographs. To address this issue, we develop a learning-based approach which goes straight to the facts via a learned embedding space. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results on the challenging recently introduced fact-based visual question answering dataset, outperforming competing methods by more than 5%.
Deep Volumetric Video From Very Sparse Multi-View Performance Capture
Authors: Zeng Huang, Tianye Li, Weikai Chen, Yajie Zhao, Jun Xing, Chloe LeGendre, Linjie Luo, Chongyang Ma, Hao Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We present a deep learning-based volumetric capture approach for performance capture using a passive and highly sparse multi-view capture system. We focus on a template-free, per-frame 3D surface reconstruction from as few as three RGB sensors, where conventional visual hull or multi-view stereo methods would fail. State-of-the-art performance capture systems require either pre-scanned actors, large number of cameras or active sensors. We introduce a novel multi-view Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that maps 2D images to a 3D volumetric field that encodes the probabilistic distribution of surface points of the captured subject. By querying the resulting field, we can instantiate the clothed human body at arbitrary resolutions. Our approach also scales to different numbers of input images, which yield increased reconstruction quality when more views are used. Though only trained on synthetic data, our network can generalize to real captured performances. Since high-quality temporal surface reconstructions are possible, our method is suitable for low-cost full body volumetric capture solutions for consumers, which are gaining popularity for VR and AR content creation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is significantly more robust and accurate than existing techniques where only very sparse views are available.
Neural Procedural Reconstruction for Residential Buildings
Authors: Huayi Zeng, Jiaye Wu, Yasutaka Furukawa
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel 3D reconstruction approach, dubbed Neural Procedural Reconstruction (NPR), which trains deep neural networks to procedurally apply shape grammar rules and reconstruct CAD-quality models from 3D points. In contrast to Procedural Modeling (PM), which randomly applies shape grammar rules to synthesize 3D models, NPR classifies a rule branch to explore and regresses geometric parameters at each rule application. We demonstrate the proposed system for residential buildings with aerial LiDAR as the input. Our 3D models boast extremely compact geometry and semantically segmented architectural components. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations on hundreds of houses show that our approach robustly generates CAD-quality 3D models from raw sensor data, making significant improvements over the existing state-of-the-art.
Deformable Pose Traversal Convolution for 3D Action and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Junwu Weng, Mengyuan Liu, Xudong Jiang, Junsong Yuan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: The representation of 3D pose plays a critical role for 3D body action and hand gesture recognition. Rather than directly representing the 3D pose using its joint locations, in this paper, we propose Deformable Pose Traversal Convolution which applies one-dimensional convolution to traverse the 3D pose to represent it. Instead of fixing the reception field when performing traversal convolution, it optimizes the convolutional kernel for each joint, by considering contextual joints with various weights. This deformable convolution can better utilize contextual joints for action and gesture recognition and is more robust to noisy joints. Moreover, by feeding the learned pose feature to a LSTM, we can perform end-to-end training which jointly optimizes 3D pose representation and temporal sequence recognition. Experiments on three benchmark datasets validate the competitive performance of our proposed method, as well as its efficiency and robustness to handle noisy pose.
A Trilateral Weighted Sparse Coding Scheme for Real-World Image Denoising
Authors: Jun Xu, Lei Zhang, David Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Most of existing image denoising methods assume the corrupted noise to be additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). However, the realistic noise in real-world noisy images is much more complex than AWGN, and is hard to be modeled by simple analytical distributions. As a result, many state-of-the-art denoising methods in literature become much less effective when applied to real noisy images captured by CCD or CMOS cameras. In this paper, we develop a trilateral weighted sparse coding (TWSC) scheme for robust real-world image denoising. Specifically, we introduce three weight matrices into the data and regularization terms of the sparse coding framework to characterize the statistics of realistic noise and image priors. TWSC can be reformulated as a linear equality-constrained problem and can be solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed TWSC scheme outperforms state-of-the-art denoising methods on removing realistic noise.
Orthogonal Deep Features Decomposition for Age-Invariant Face Recognition
Authors: Yitong Wang, Dihong Gong, Zheng Zhou, Xing Ji, Hao Wang, Zhifeng Li, Wei Liu, Tong Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: As facial appearance is subject to significant intra-class variations caused by the aging process over time, age-invariant face recognition (AIFR) remains a major challenge in face recognition community. To reduce the intra-class discrepancy caused by aging, in this paper we propose a novel approach (namely, Orthogonal Embedding CNNs, or OE-CNNs) to learn the age-invariant deep face features. Specifically, we decompose deep face features into two orthogonal components to represent age-related and identity-related features. As a result, identity-related features that are robust to aging are then used for AIFR. Besides, for complementing the existing cross-age datasets and advancing the research in this field, we construct a brand-new large-scale Cross-Age Face dataset (CAF). Extensive experiments conducted on the three public domain face aging datasets (MORPH Album 2, CACD-VS and FG-NET have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the value of the constructed CAF dataset on AIFR. Benchmarking our algorithm on one of the most popular general face recognition (GFR) dataset LFW additionally demonstrates the comparable generalization performance on GFR.
Pyramid Dilated Deeper ConvLSTM for Video Salient Object Detection
Authors: Hongmei Song, Wenguan Wang, Sanyuan Zhao, Jianbing Shen, Kin-Man Lam
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper proposes a fast video salient object detection model, based on a novel recurrent network architecture, named Pyramid Dilated Bidirectional ConvLSTM (PDB-ConvLSTM). A Pyramid Dilated Convolution (PDC) module is first designed for simultaneously extracting spatial features at multiple scales. These spatial features are then concatenated and fed into an extended Deeper Bidirectional ConvLSTM (DB-ConvLSTM) to learn spatiotemporal information. Forward and backward ConvLSTM units are placed in two layers and connected in a cascaded way, encouraging information flow between the bi-directional streams and leading to deeper feature extraction. We further augment DB-ConvLSTM with a PDC-like structure, by adopting several dilated DB-ConvLSTMs to extract multi-scale spatiotemporal information. Extensive experimental results show that our method outperforms previous video saliency models in a large margin, with a real-time speed of 20 fps on a single GPU. With unsupervised video object segmentation as an example application, the proposed model (with a CRF-based post-process) achieves state-of-the-art results on two popular benchmarks, well demonstrating its superior performance and high applicability.
Deep Burst Denoising
Authors: Clement Godard, Kevin Matzen, Matt Uyttendaele
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Noise is an inherent issue of low-light image capture, which is worsened on mobile devices due to their narrow apertures and small sensors. One strategy for mitigating noise in low-light situations is to increase the shutter time, allowing each photosite to integrate more light and decrease noise variance. However, there are two downsides of long exposures: (a) bright regions can exceed the sensor range, and (b) camera and scene motion will cause blur. Another way of gathering more light is to capture multiple short (thus noisy) frames in a “burst” and intelligently integrate the content, thus avoiding the above downsides. In this paper, we use the burst-capture strategy and implement the intelligent integration via a recurrent fully convolutional deep neural net (CNN). We build our novel, multi-frame architecture to be a simple addition to any single frame denoising model. The resulting architecture denoises all frames in a sequence of arbitrary length. We show that it achieves state of the art denoising results on our burst dataset, improving on the best published multi-frame techniques, such as VBM4D and FlexISP. Finally, we explore other applications of multi-frame image enhancement and show that our CNN architecture generalizes well to image super-resolution.
Learning to Separate Object Sounds by Watching Unlabeled Video
Authors: Ruohan Gao, Rogerio Feris, Kristen Grauman
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Perceiving a scene most fully requires all the senses. Yet modeling how objects look and sound is challenging: most natural scenes and events contain multiple objects, and the audio track mixes all the sound sources together. We propose to learn audio-visual object models from unlabeled video, then exploit the visual context to perform audio source separation in novel videos. Our approach relies on a deep multi-instance multi-label learning framework to disentangle the audio frequency bases that map to individual visual objects, even without observing/hearing those objects in isolation. We show how the recovered disentangled bases can be used to guide audio source separation to obtain better-separated, object-level sounds. Our work is the first to learn audio source separation from large-scale "in the wild" videos containing multiple audio sources per video. We obtain state-of-the-art results on visually-aided audio source separation and audio denoising. Our video results: http://vision.cs.utexas.edu/projects/separating_object_sounds/
Learnable PINs: Cross-Modal Embeddings for Person Identity
Authors: Arsha Nagrani, Samuel Albanie, Andrew Zisserman
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose and investigate an identity sensitive joint embedding of face and voice. Such an embedding enables cross-modal retrieval from voice to face and from face to voice. We make the following four contributions: first, we show that the embedding can be learnt from videos of talking faces, without requiring any identity labels, using a form of cross-modal self-supervision; second, we develop a curriculum learning schedule for hard negative mining targeted to this task, that is essential for learning to proceed successfully; third, we demonstrate and evaluate cross-modal retrieval for identities unseen and unheard during training over a number of scenarios and establish a benchmark for this novel task; finally, we show an application of using the joint embedding for automatically retrieving and labelling characters in TV dramas.
Multi-object Tracking with Neural Gating Using Bilinear LSTM
Authors: Chanho Kim, Fuxin Li, James M. Rehg
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In recent deep online and near-online multi-object tracking approaches, a difficulty has been to incorporate long-term appearance models to efficiently score object tracks under severe occlusion and multiple missing detections. In this paper, we propose a novel recurrent network model, the bilinear LSTM, in order to improve long-term appearance models via a recurrent network. Based on intuitions drawn from recursive least squares, bilinear LSTM stores building blocks of a linear predictor in its memory, which is then coupled with the input in a multiplicative manner, instead of the additive coupling in conventional LSTM approaches. Such coupling resembles an online learned classifier/regressor at each time step, which we have found to improve performances in using LSTM for appearance modeling. We also propose novel data augmentation approaches to efficiently train recurrent models that score object tracks on both appearance and motion. We train an LSTM that can score object tracks based on both appearance and motion and utilize it in a multiple hypothesis tracking framework. In experiments, we show that with our novel LSTM model, we achieved state-of-the-art performance on near-online multiple object tracking on the MOT 2016 and MOT 2017 benchmarks.
Recovering Accurate 3D Human Pose in The Wild Using IMUs and a Moving Camera
Authors: Timo von Marcard, Roberto Henschel, Michael J. Black, Bodo Rosenhahn, Gerard Pons-Moll
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this work, we propose a method that combines a single hand-held camera and a set of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) attached at the body limbs to estimate accurate 3D poses in the wild. This poses many new challenges: the moving camera, heading drift, cluttered background, occlusions and many people visible in the video. We associate 2D pose detections in each image to the corresponding IMU-equipped persons by solving a novel graph based optimization problem that forces 3D to 2D coherency within a frame and across long range frames. Given associations, we jointly optimize the pose of a statistical body model, the camera pose and heading drift using a continuous optimization framework. We validated our method on the TotalCapture dataset, which provides video and IMU synchronized with ground truth. We obtain an accuracy of 26mm, which makes it accurate enough to serve as a benchmark for image-based 3D pose estimation in the wild. Using our method, we recorded 3D Poses in the Wild (3DPW ), a new dataset consisting of more than 51; 000 frames with accurate 3D pose in challenging sequences, including walking in the city, going up-stairs, having coffee or taking the bus. We make the reconstructed 3D poses, video, IMU and 3D models available for research purposes at http://virtualhumans.mpi-inf.mpg.de/3DPW.
Model Adaptation with Synthetic and Real Data for Semantic Dense Foggy Scene Understanding
Authors: Christos Sakaridis, Dengxin Dai, Simon Hecker, Luc Van Gool
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This work addresses the problem of semantic scene understanding under dense fog. Although considerable progress has been made in semantic scene understanding, it is mainly related to clear-weather scenes. Extending recognition methods to adverse weather conditions such as fog is crucial for outdoor applications. In this paper, we propose a novel method, named Curriculum Model Adaptation (CMAda), which gradually adapts a semantic segmentation model from light synthetic fog to dense real fog in multiple steps, using both synthetic and real foggy data. In addition, we present three other main stand-alone contributions: 1) a novel method to add synthetic fog to real, clear-weather scenes using semantic input; 2) a new fog density estimator; 3) the Foggy Zurich dataset comprising 3808 real foggy images, with pixel-level semantic annotations for 16 images with dense fog. Our experiments show that 1) our fog simulation slightly outperforms a state-of-the-art competing simulation with respect to the task of semantic foggy scene understanding (SFSU); 2) CMAda improves the performance of state-of-the-art models for SFSU significantly by leveraging unlabeled real foggy data. The datasets and code will be made publicly available.
NetAdapt: Platform-Aware Neural Network Adaptation for Mobile Applications
Authors: Tien-Ju Yang, Andrew Howard, Bo Chen, Xiao Zhang, Alec Go, Mark Sandler, Vivienne Sze, Hartwig Adam
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This work proposes an algorithm, called NetAdapt, that automatically adapts a pre-trained deep neural network to a mobile platform given a resource budget. While many existing algorithms simplify networks based on the number of MACs or weights, optimizing those indirect metrics may not necessarily reduce the direct metrics, such as latency and energy consumption. To solve this problem, NetAdapt incorporates direct metrics into its adaptation algorithm. These direct metrics are evaluated using empirical measurements, so that detailed knowledge of the platform and toolchain is not required. NetAdapt automatically and progressively simplifies a pre-trained network until the resource budget is met while maximizing the accuracy. Experiment results show that NetAdapt achieves better accuracy versus latency trade-offs on both mobile CPU and mobile GPU, compared with the state-of-the-art automated network simplification algorithms. For image classification on the ImageNet dataset, NetAdapt achieves up to a 1.7x speedup in measured inference latency with equal or higher accuracy on MobileNets (V1&V2).
MT-VAE: Learning Motion Transformations to Generate Multimodal Human Dynamics
Authors: Xinchen Yan, Akash Rastogi, Ruben Villegas, Kalyan Sunkavalli, Eli Shechtman, Sunil Hadap, Ersin Yumer, Honglak Lee
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Long-term human motion can be represented as a series of motion modes—motion sequences that capture short-term temporal dynamics—with transitions between them. We leverage this structure and present a novel Motion Transformation Variational Auto-Encoders (MT-VAE) for learning motion sequence generation. Our model jointly learns a feature embedding for motion modes (that the motion sequence can be reconstructed from) and a feature transformation that represents the transition of one motion mode to the next motion mode. Our model is able to generate multiple diverse and plausible motion sequences in the future from the same input. We apply our approach to both facial and full body motion, and demonstrate applications like analogy-based motion transfer and video synthesis.