mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Human-Aware Motion Deblurring
Authors: Ziyi Shen, Wenguan Wang, Xiankai Lu, Jianbing Shen, Haibin Ling, Tingfa Xu, Ling Shao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This paper proposes a human-aware deblurring model that disentangles the motion blur between foreground (FG) humans and background (BG). The proposed model is based on a triple-branch encoder-decoder architecture. The first two branches are learned for sharpening FG humans and BG details, respectively; while the third one produces global, harmonious results by comprehensively fusing multi-scale deblurring information from the two domains. The proposed model is further endowed with a supervised, human-aware attention mechanism in an end-to-end fashion. It learns a soft mask that encodes FG human information and explicitly drives the FG/BG decoder-branches to focus on their specific domains. Above designs lead to a fully differentiable motion deblurring network, which can be trained end-to-end. To further benefit the research towards Human-aware Image Deblurring, we introduce a large-scale dataset, named HIDE, which consists of 8,422 blurry and sharp image pairs with 65,784 densely annotated FG human bounding boxes. HIDE is specifically built to span a broad range of scenes, human object sizes, motion patterns, and background complexities. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks and our dataset demonstrate that our model performs favorably against the state-of-the-art motion deblurring methods, especially in capturing semantic details.
Fast Video Object Segmentation via Dynamic Targeting Network
Authors: Lu Zhang, Zhe Lin, Jianming Zhang, Huchuan Lu, You He
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We propose a new model for fast and accurate video object segmentation. It consists of two convolutional neural networks, a Dynamic Targeting Network (DTN) and a Mask Refinement Network (MRN). DTN locates the object by dynamically focusing on regions of interest surrounding the target object. The target region is predicted by DTN via two sub-streams, Box Propagation (BP) and Box Re-identification (BR). The BP stream is faster but less effective at objects with large deformation or occlusion. The BR stream performs better in difficult scenarios at a higher computation cost. We propose a Decision Module (DM) to adaptively determine which sub-stream to use for each frame. Finally, MRN is exploited to predict segmentation within the target region. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms existing methods without online training in both accuracy and efficiency, and is comparable to online training-based methods in accuracy with an order of magnitude faster speed.
Solving Vision Problems via Filtering
Authors: Sean I. Young, Aous T. Naman, Bernd Girod, David Taubman
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We propose a new, filtering approach for solving a large number of regularized inverse problems commonly found in computer vision. Traditionally, such problems are solved by finding the solution to the system of equations that expresses the first-order optimality conditions of the problem. This can be slow if the system of equations is dense due to the use of nonlocal regularization, necessitating iterative solvers such as successive over-relaxation or conjugate gradients. In this paper, we show that similar solutions can be obtained more easily via filtering, obviating the need to solve a potentially dense system of equations using slow iterative methods. Our filtered solutions are very similar to the true ones, but often up to 10 times faster to compute.
GAN-Based Projector for Faster Recovery With Convergence Guarantees in Linear Inverse Problems
Authors: Ankit Raj, Yuqi Li, Yoram Bresler
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with generator G trained to model the prior of images has been shown to perform better than sparsity-based regularizers in ill-posed inverse problems. Here, we propose a new method of deploying a GAN-based prior to solve linear inverse problems using projected gradient descent (PGD). Our method learns a network-based projector for use in the PGD algorithm, eliminating expensive computation of the Jacobian of G. Experiments show that our approach provides a speed-up of 60-80x over earlier GAN-based recovery methods along with better accuracy in compressed sensing. Our main theoretical result is that if the measurement matrix is moderately conditioned on the manifold range(G) and the projector is d-approximate, then the algorithm is guaranteed to reach O(d) reconstruction error in O(log(1/d)) steps in the low noise regime. Additionally, we propose a fast method to design such measurement matrices for a given G. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of this method by requiring 5-10x fewer measurements than random Gaussian measurement matrices for comparable recovery performance. Because the learning of the GAN and projector is decoupled from the measurement operator, our GAN-based projector and recovery algorithm are applicable without retraining to all linear inverse problems in which the measurement operator is moderately conditioned for range(G), as confirmed by experiments on compressed sensing, super-resolution, and inpainting.
Scoot: A Perceptual Metric for Facial Sketches
Authors: Deng-Ping Fan, ShengChuan Zhang, Yu-Huan Wu, Yun Liu, Ming-Ming Cheng, Bo Ren, Paul L. Rosin, Rongrong Ji
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: While it is trivial for humans to quickly assess the perceptual similarity between two images, the underlying mechanism are thought to be quite complex. Despite this, the most widely adopted perceptual metrics today, such as SSIM and FSIM, are simple, shallow functions, and fail to consider many factors of human perception. Recently, the facial modeling community has observed that the inclusion of both structure and texture has a significant positive benefit for face sketch synthesis (FSS). But how perceptual are these so-called "perceptual features"? Which elements are critical for their success? In this paper, we design a perceptual metric, called Structure Co-Occurrence Texture (Scoot), which simultaneously considers the block-level spatial structure and co-occurrence texture statistics. To test the quality of metrics, we propose three novel meta-measures based on various reliable properties. Extensive experiments verify that our Scoot metric exceeds the performance of prior work. Besides, we built the first largest scale (152k judgments) human-perception-based sketch database that can evaluate how well a metric consistent with human perception. Our results suggest that "spatial structure" and "co-occurrence texture" are two generally applicable perceptual features in face sketch synthesis.
Learning Filter Basis for Convolutional Neural Network Compression
Authors: Yawei Li, Shuhang Gu, Luc Van Gool, Radu Timofte
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based solutions have achieved state-of-the-art performances for many computer vision tasks, including classification and super-resolution of images. Usually the success of these methods comes with a cost of millions of parameters due to stacking deep convolutional layers. Moreover, quite a large number of filters are also used for a single convolutional layer, which exaggerates the parameter burden of current methods. Thus, in this paper, we try to reduce the number of parameters of CNNs by learning a basis of the filters in convolutional layers. For the forward pass, the learned basis is used to approximate the original filters and then used as parameters for the convolutional layers. We validate our proposed solution for multiple CNN architectures on image classification and image super-resolution benchmarks and compare favorably to the existing state-of-the-art in terms of reduction of parameters and preservation of accuracy. Code is available at https://github.com/ofsoundof/learning_filter_basis
End-to-End Learning of Representations for Asynchronous Event-Based Data
Authors: Daniel Gehrig, Antonio Loquercio, Konstantinos G. Derpanis, Davide Scaramuzza
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Event cameras are vision sensors that record asynchronous streams of per-pixel brightness changes, referred to as "events". They have appealing advantages over frame based cameras for computer vision, including high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and no motion blur. Due to the sparse, non-uniform spatio-temporal layout of the event signal, pattern recognition algorithms typically aggregate events into a grid-based representation and subsequently process it by a standard vision pipeline, e.g., Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this work, we introduce a general framework to convert event streams into grid-based representations by means of strictly differentiable operations. Our framework comes with two main advantages: (i) allows learning the input event representation together with the task dedicated network in an end to end manner, and (ii) lays out a taxonomy that unifies the majority of extant event representations in the literature and identifies novel ones. Empirically, we show that our approach to learning the event representation end-to-end yields an improvement of approximately 12% on optical flow estimation and object recognition over state-of-the-art methods.
ERL-Net: Entangled Representation Learning for Single Image De-Raining
Authors: Guoqing Wang, Changming Sun, Arcot Sowmya
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Despite the significant progress achieved in image de-raining by training an encoder-decoder network within the image-to-image translation formulation, blurry results with missing details indicate the deficiency of the existing models. By interpreting the de-raining encoder-decoder network as a conditional generator, within which the decoder acts as a generator conditioned on the embedding learned by the encoder, the unsatisfactory output can be attributed to the low-quality embedding learned by the encoder. In this paper, we hypothesize that there exists an inherent mapping between the low-quality embedding to a latent optimal one, with which the generator (decoder) can produce much better results. To improve the de-raining results significantly over existing models, we propose to learn this mapping by formulating a residual learning branch, that is capable of adaptively adding residuals to the original low-quality embedding in a representation entanglement manner. Using an embedding learned this way, the decoder is able to generate much more satisfactory de-raining results with better detail recovery and rain artefacts removal, providing new state-of-the-art results on four benchmark datasets with considerable improvement (i.e., on the challenging Rain100H data, an improvement of 4.19dB on PSNR and 5% on SSIM is obtained). The entanglement can be easily adopted into any encoder-decoder based image restoration networks. Besides, we propose a series of evaluation metrics to investigate the specific contribution of the proposed entangled representation learning mechanism. Codes are available at .
Perceptual Deep Depth Super-Resolution
Authors: Oleg Voynov, Alexey Artemov, Vage Egiazarian, Alexander Notchenko, Gleb Bobrovskikh, Evgeny Burnaev, Denis Zorin
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: RGBD images, combining high-resolution color and lower-resolution depth from various types of depth sensors, are increasingly common. One can significantly improve the resolution of depth maps by taking advantage of color information; deep learning methods make combining color and depth information particularly easy. However, fusing these two sources of data may lead to a variety of artifacts. If depth maps are used to reconstruct 3D shapes, e.g., for virtual reality applications, the visual quality of upsampled images is particularly important. The main idea of our approach is to measure the quality of depth map upsampling using renderings of resulting 3D surfaces. We demonstrate that a simple visual appearance-based loss, when used with either a trained CNN or simply a deep prior, yields significantly improved 3D shapes, as measured by a number of existing perceptual metrics. We compare this approach with a number of existing optimization and learning-based techniques.
3D Scene Graph: A Structure for Unified Semantics, 3D Space, and Camera
Authors: Iro Armeni, Zhi-Yang He, JunYoung Gwak, Amir R. Zamir, Martin Fischer, Jitendra Malik, Silvio Savarese
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: A comprehensive semantic understanding of a scene is important for many applications - but in what space should diverse semantic information (e.g., objects, scene categories, material types, 3D shapes, etc.) be grounded and what should be its structure? Aspiring to have one unified structure that hosts diverse types of semantics, we follow the Scene Graph paradigm in 3D, generating a 3D Scene Graph. Given a 3D mesh and registered panoramic images, we construct a graph that spans the entire building and includes semantics on objects (e.g., class, material, shape and other attributes), rooms (e.g., function, illumination type, etc.) and cameras (e.g., location, etc.), as well as the relationships among these entities. However, this process is prohibitively labor heavy if done manually. To alleviate this we devise a semi-automatic framework that employs existing detection methods and enhances them using two main constraints: I. framing of query images sampled on panoramas to maximize the performance of 2D detectors, and II. multi-view consistency enforcement across 2D detections that originate in different camera locations.
Floorplan-Jigsaw: Jointly Estimating Scene Layout and Aligning Partial Scans
Authors: Cheng Lin, Changjian Li, Wenping Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We present a novel approach to align partial 3D reconstructions which may not have substantial overlap. Using floorplan priors, our method jointly predicts a room layout and estimates the transformations from a set of partial 3D data. Unlike the existing methods relying on feature descriptors to establish correspondences, we exploit the 3D "box" structure of a typical room layout that meets the Manhattan World property. We first estimate a local layout for each partial scan separately and then combine these local layouts to form a globally aligned layout with loop closure. Without the requirement of feature matching, the proposed method enables some novel applications ranging from large or featureless scene reconstruction and modeling from sparse input. We validate our method quantitatively and qualitatively on real and synthetic scenes of various sizes and complexities. The evaluations and comparisons show superior effectiveness and accuracy of our method.
Enforcing Geometric Constraints of Virtual Normal for Depth Prediction
Authors: Wei Yin, Yifan Liu, Chunhua Shen, Youliang Yan
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Monocular depth prediction plays a crucial role in understanding 3D scene geometry. Although recent methods have achieved impressive progress in evaluation metrics such as the pixel-wise relative error, most methods neglect the geometric constraints in the 3D space. In this work, we show the importance of the high-order 3D geometric constraints for depth prediction. By designing a loss term that enforces one simple type of geometric constraints, namely, virtual normal directions determined by randomly sampled three points in the reconstructed 3D space, we can considerably improve the depth prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we can not only predict accurate depth but also achieve high-quality other 3D information from the depth without retraining new parameters, Significantly, the byproduct of this predicted depth being sufficiently accurate is that we are now able to recover good 3D structures of the scene such as the point cloud and surface normal directly from the depth, eliminating the necessity of training new sub-models as was previously done. Experiments on two challenging benchmarks: NYU Depth-V2 and KITTI demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and state-of-the-art performance.
Deep Contextual Attention for Human-Object Interaction Detection
Authors: Tiancai Wang, Rao Muhammad Anwer, Muhammad Haris Khan, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Yanwei Pang, Ling Shao, Jorma Laaksonen
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Human-object interaction detection is an important and relatively new class of visual relationship detection tasks, essential for deeper scene understanding. Most existing approaches decompose the problem into object localization and interaction recognition. Despite showing progress, these approaches only rely on the appearances of humans and objects and overlook the available context information, crucial for capturing subtle interactions between them. We propose a contextual attention framework for human-object interaction detection. Our approach leverages context by learning contextually-aware appearance features for human and object instances. The proposed attention module then adaptively selects relevant instance-centric context information to highlight image regions likely to contain human-object interactions. Experiments are performed on three benchmarks: V-COCO, HICO-DET and HCVRD. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on all datasets. On the V-COCO dataset, our method achieves a relative gain of 4.4% in terms of role mean average precision (mAP role ), compared to the existing best approach.
Learning Compositional Neural Information Fusion for Human Parsing
Authors: Wenguan Wang, Zhijie Zhang, Siyuan Qi, Jianbing Shen, Yanwei Pang, Ling Shao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This work proposes to combine neural networks with the compositional hierarchy of human bodies for efficient and complete human parsing. We formulate the approach as a neural information fusion framework. Our model assembles the information from three inference processes over the hierarchy: direct inference (directly predicting each part of a human body using image information), bottom-up inference (assembling knowledge from constituent parts), and top-down inference (leveraging context from parent nodes). The bottom-up and top-down inferences explicitly model the compositional and decompositional relations in human bodies, respectively. In addition, the fusion of multi-source information is conditioned on the inputs, i.e., by estimating and considering the confidence of the sources. The whole model is end-to-end differentiable, explicitly modeling information flows and structures. Our approach is extensively evaluated on four popular datasets, outperforming the state-of-the-arts in all cases, with a fast processing speed of 23fps. Our code and results have been released to help ease future research in this direction.
Attentional Neural Fields for Crowd Counting
Authors: Anran Zhang, Lei Yue, Jiayi Shen, Fan Zhu, Xiantong Zhen, Xianbin Cao, Ling Shao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Crowd counting has recently generated huge popularity in computer vision, and is extremely challenging due to the huge scale variations of objects. In this paper, we propose the Attentional Neural Field (ANF) for crowd counting via density estimation. Within the encoder-decoder network, we introduce conditional random fields (CRFs) to aggregate multi-scale features, which can build more informative representations. To better model pair-wise potentials in CRFs, we incorperate non-local attention mechanism implemented as inter- and intra-layer attentions to expand the receptive field to the entire image respectively within the same layer and across different layers, which captures long-range dependencies to conquer huge scale variations. The CRFs coupled with the attention mechanism are seamlessly integrated into the encoder-decoder network, establishing an ANF that can be optimized end-to-end by back propagation. We conduct extensive experiments on four public datasets, including ShanghaiTech, WorldEXPO 10, UCF-CC-50 and UCF-QNRF. The results show that our ANF achieves high counting performance, surpassing most previous methods.
Understanding Human Gaze Communication by Spatio-Temporal Graph Reasoning
Authors: Lifeng Fan, Wenguan Wang, Siyuan Huang, Xinyu Tang, Song-Chun Zhu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This paper addresses a new problem of understanding human gaze communication in social videos from both atomic-level and event-level, which is significant for studying human social interactions. To tackle this novel and challenging problem, we contribute a large-scale video dataset, VACATION, which covers diverse daily social scenes and gaze communication behaviors with complete annotations of objects and human faces, human attention, and communication structures and labels in both atomic-level and event-level. Together with VACATION, we propose a spatio-temporal graph neural network to explicitly represent the diverse gaze interactions in the social scenes and to infer atomic-level gaze communication by message passing. We further propose an event network with encoder-decoder structure to predict the event-level gaze communication. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed model improves various baselines significantly in predicting the atomic-level and event-level gaze communications.
Controllable Attention for Structured Layered Video Decomposition
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Joao Carreira, Relja Arandjelovic, Andrew Zisserman
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to be able to separate a video into its natural layers, and to control which of the separated layers to attend to. For example, to be able to separate reflections, transparency or object motion. We make the following three contributions: (i) we introduce a new structured neural network architecture that explicitly incorporates layers (as spatial masks) into its design. This improves separation performance over previous general purpose networks for this task; (ii) we demonstrate that we can augment the architecture to leverage external cues such as audio for controllability and to help disambiguation; and (iii) we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and training procedure with controlled experiments while also showing that the proposed model can be successfully applied to real-word applications such as reflection removal and action recognition in cluttered scenes.
GANalyze: Toward Visual Definitions of Cognitive Image Properties
Authors: Lore Goetschalckx, Alex Andonian, Aude Oliva, Phillip Isola
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We introduce a framework that uses Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to study cognitive properties like memorability. These attributes are of interest because we do not have a concrete visual definition of what they entail. What does it look like for a dog to be more memorable? GANs allow us to generate a manifold of natural-looking images with fine-grained differences in their visual attributes. By navigating this manifold in directions that increase memorability, we can visualize what it looks like for a particular generated image to become more memorable. The resulting "visual definitions" surface image properties (like "object size") that may underlie memorability. Through behavioral experiments, we verify that our method indeed discovers image manipulations that causally affect human memory performance. We further demonstrate that the same framework can be used to analyze image aesthetics and emotional valence. ganalyze.csail.mit.edu.
Saliency-Guided Attention Network for Image-Sentence Matching
Authors: Zhong Ji, Haoran Wang, Jungong Han, Yanwei Pang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This paper studies the task of matching image and sentence, where learning appropriate representations to bridge the semantic gap between image contents and language appears to be the main challenge. Unlike previous approaches that predominantly deploy symmetrical architecture to represent both modalities, we introduce a Saliency-guided Attention Network (SAN) that is characterized by building an asymmetrical link between vision and language to efficiently learn a fine-grained cross-modal correlation. The proposed SAN mainly includes three components: saliency detector, Saliency-weighted Visual Attention (SVA) module, and Saliency-guided Textual Attention (STA) module. Concretely, the saliency detector provides the visual saliency information to drive both two attention modules. Taking advantage of the saliency information, SVA is able to learn more discriminative visual features. By fusing the visual information from SVA and intra-modal information as a multi-modal guidance, STA affords us powerful textual representations that are synchronized with visual clues. Extensive experiments demonstrate SAN can improve the state-of-the-art results on the benchmark Flickr30K and MSCOCO datasets by a large margin.
CAMP: Cross-Modal Adaptive Message Passing for Text-Image Retrieval
Authors: Zihao Wang, Xihui Liu, Hongsheng Li, Lu Sheng, Junjie Yan, Xiaogang Wang, Jing Shao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Text-image cross-modal retrieval is a challenging task in the field of language and vision. Most previous approaches independently embed images and sentences into a joint embedding space and compare their similarities. However, previous approaches rarely explore the interactions between images and sentences before calculating similarities in the joint space. Intuitively, when matching between images and sentences, human beings would alternatively attend to regions in images and words in sentences, and select the most salient information considering the interaction between both modalities. In this paper, we propose Cross-modal Adaptive Message Passing (CAMP), which adaptively controls the information flow for message passing across modalities. Our approach not only takes comprehensive and fine-grained cross-modal interactions into account, but also properly handles negative pairs and irrelevant information with an adaptive gating scheme. Moreover, instead of conventional joint embedding approaches for text-image matching, we infer the matching score based on the fused features, and propose a hardest negative binary cross-entropy loss for training. Results on COCO and Flickr30k significantly surpass state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
ACMM: Aligned Cross-Modal Memory for Few-Shot Image and Sentence Matching
Authors: Yan Huang, Liang Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Image and sentence matching has drawn much attention recently, but due to the lack of sufficient pairwise data for training, most previous methods still cannot well associate those challenging pairs of images and sentences containing rarely appeared regions and words, i.e., few-shot content. In this work, we study this challenging scenario as few-shot image and sentence matching, and accordingly propose an Aligned Cross-Modal Memory (ACMM) model to memorize the rarely appeared content. Given a pair of image and sentence, the model first includes an aligned memory controller network to produce two sets of semantically-comparable interface vectors through cross-modal alignment. Then the interface vectors are used by modality-specific read and update operations to alternatively interact with shared memory items. The memory items persistently memorize cross-modal shared semantic representations, which can be addressed out to better enhance the representation of few-shot content. We apply the proposed model to both conventional and few-shot image and sentence matching tasks, and demonstrate its effectiveness by achieving the state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets.
Creativity Inspired Zero-Shot Learning
Authors: Mohamed Elhoseiny, Mohamed Elfeki
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims at understanding unseen categories with no training examples from class-level descriptions. To improve the discriminative power of zero-shot learning, we model the visual learning process of unseen categories with an inspiration from the psychology of human creativity for producing novel art. We relate ZSL to human creativity by observing that zero-shot learning is about recognizing the unseen and creativity is about creating a likable unseen. We introduce a learning signal inspired by creativity literature that explores the unseen space with hallucinated class-descriptions and encourages careful deviation of their visual feature generations from seen classes while allowing knowledge transfer from seen to unseen classes. Empirically, we show consistent improvement over the state of the art of several percents on the largest available benchmarks on the challenging task or generalized ZSL from a noisy text that we focus on, using the CUB and NABirds datasets. We also show the advantage of our loss on Attribute-based ZSL on three additional datasets (AwA2, aPY, and SUN). Code is available at https://github.com/mhelhoseiny/CIZSL.
Generating Easy-to-Understand Referring Expressions for Target Identifications
Authors: Mikihiro Tanaka, Takayuki Itamochi, Kenichi Narioka, Ikuro Sato, Yoshitaka Ushiku, Tatsuya Harada
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This paper addresses the generation of referring expressions that not only refer to objects correctly but also let humans find them quickly. As a target becomes relatively less salient, identifying referred objects itself becomes more difficult. However, the existing studies regarded all sentences that refer to objects correctly as equally good, ignoring whether they are easily understood by humans. If the target is not salient, humans utilize relationships with the salient contexts around it to help listeners to comprehend it better. To derive this information from human annotations, our model is designed to extract information from the target and from the environment. Moreover, we regard that sentences that are easily understood are those that are comprehended correctly and quickly by humans. We optimized this by using the time required to locate the referred objects by humans and their accuracies. To evaluate our system, we created a new referring expression dataset whose images were acquired from Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), limiting targets to persons. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/mikittt/easy-to-understand-REG.
Language-Agnostic Visual-Semantic Embeddings
Authors: Jonatas Wehrmann, Douglas M. Souza, Mauricio A. Lopes, Rodrigo C. Barros
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: This paper proposes a framework for training language-invariant cross-modal retrieval models. We also introduce a novel character-based word-embedding approach, allowing the model to project similar words across languages into the same word-embedding space. In addition, by performing cross-modal retrieval at the character level, the storage requirements for a text encoder decrease substantially, allowing for lighter and more scalable retrieval architectures. The proposed language-invariant textual encoder based on characters is virtually unaffected in terms of storage requirements when novel languages are added to the system. Our contributions include new methods for building character-level-based word-embeddings, an improved loss function, and a novel cross-language alignment module that not only makes the architecture language-invariant, but also presents better predictive performance. We show that our models outperform the current state-of-the-art in both single and multi-language scenarios. This work can be seen as the basis of a new path on retrieval research, now allowing for the effective use of captions in multiple-language scenarios. Code is available at https://github.com/jwehrmann/lavse.
Adversarial Representation Learning for Text-to-Image Matching
Authors: Nikolaos Sarafianos, Xiang Xu, Ioannis A. Kakadiaris
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: For many computer vision applications such as image captioning, visual question answering, and person search, learning discriminative feature representations at both image and text level is an essential yet challenging problem. Its challenges originate from the large word variance in the text domain as well as the difficulty of accurately measuring the distance between the features of the two modalities. Most prior work focuses on the latter challenge, by introducing loss functions that help the network learn better feature representations but fail to account for the complexity of the textual input. With that in mind, we introduce TIMAM: a Text-Image Modality Adversarial Matching approach that learns modality-invariant feature representations using adversarial and cross-modal matching objectives. In addition, we demonstrate that BERT, a publicly-available language model that extracts word embeddings, can successfully be applied in the text-to-image matching domain. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art cross-modal matching performance on four widely-used publicly-available datasets resulting in absolute improvements ranging from 2% to 5% in terms of rank-1 accuracy.
Multi-Modality Latent Interaction Network for Visual Question Answering
Authors: Peng Gao, Haoxuan You, Zhanpeng Zhang, Xiaogang Wang, Hongsheng Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Exploiting relationships between visual regions and question words have achieved great success in learning multi-modality features for Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, we argue that existing methods mostly model relations between individual visual regions and words, which are not enough to correctly answer the question. From humans' perspective, answering a visual question requires understanding the summarizations of visual and language information. In this paper, we proposed the Multi-modality Latent Interaction module (MLI) to tackle this problem. The proposed module learns the cross-modality relationships between latent visual and language summarizations, which summarize visual regions and question into a small number of latent representations to avoid modeling uninformative individual region-word relations. The cross-modality information between the latent summarizations are propagated to fuse valuable information from both modalities and are used to update the visual and word features. Such MLI modules can be stacked for several stages to model complex and latent relations between the two modalities and achieves highly competitive performance on public VQA benchmarks, VQA v2.0 and TDIUC . In addition, we show that the performance of our methods could be significantly improved by combining with pre-trained language model BERT.
Key.Net: Keypoint Detection by Handcrafted and Learned CNN Filters
Authors: Axel Barroso-Laguna, Edgar Riba, Daniel Ponsa, Krystian Mikolajczyk
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We introduce a novel approach for keypoint detection task that combines handcrafted and learned CNN filters within a shallow multi-scale architecture. Handcrafted filters provide anchor structures for learned filters, which localize, score and rank repeatable features. Scale-space representation is used within the network to extract keypoints at different levels. We design a loss function to detect robust features that exist across a range of scales and to maximize the repeatability score. Our Key.Net model is trained on data synthetically created from ImageNet and evaluated on HPatches benchmark. Results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art detectors in terms of repeatability, matching performance and complexity.
Learning Two-View Correspondences and Geometry Using Order-Aware Network
Authors: Jiahui Zhang, Dawei Sun, Zixin Luo, Anbang Yao, Lei Zhou, Tianwei Shen, Yurong Chen, Long Quan, Hongen Liao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Establishing correspondences between two images requires both local and global spatial context. Given putative correspondences of feature points in two views, in this paper, we propose Order-Aware Network, which infers the probabilities of correspondences being inliers and regresses the relative pose encoded by the essential matrix. Specifically, this proposed network is built hierarchically and comprises three novel operations. First, to capture the local context of sparse correspondences, the network clusters unordered input correspondences by learning a soft assignment matrix. These clusters are in a canonical order and invariant to input permutations. Next, the clusters are spatially correlated to form the global context of correspondences. After that, the context-encoded clusters are recovered back to the original size through a proposed upsampling operator. We intensively experiment on both outdoor and indoor datasets. The accuracy of the two-view geometry and correspondences are significantly improved over the state-of-the-arts.
Learning Meshes for Dense Visual SLAM
Authors: Michael Bloesch, Tristan Laidlow, Ronald Clark, Stefan Leutenegger, Andrew J. Davison
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Estimating motion and surrounding geometry of a moving camera remains a challenging inference problem. From an information theoretic point of view, estimates should get better as more information is included, such as is done in dense SLAM, but this is strongly dependent on the validity of the underlying models. In the present paper, we use triangular meshes as both compact and dense geometry representation. To allow for simple and fast usage, we propose a view-based formulation for which we predict the in-plane vertex coordinates directly from images and then employ the remaining vertex depth components as free variables. Flexible and continuous integration of information is achieved through the use of a residual based inference technique. This so-called factor graph encodes all information as mapping from free variables to residuals, the squared sum of which is minimised during inference. We propose the use of different types of learnable residuals, which are trained end-to-end to increase their suitability as information bearing models and to enable accurate and reliable estimation. Detailed evaluation of all components is provided on both synthetic and real data which confirms the practicability of the presented approach.
EM-Fusion: Dynamic Object-Level SLAM With Probabilistic Data Association
Authors: Michael Strecke, Jorg Stuckler
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: The majority of approaches for acquiring dense 3D environment maps with RGB-D cameras assumes static environments or rejects moving objects as outliers. The representation and tracking of moving objects, however, has significant potential for applications in robotics or augmented reality. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to dynamic SLAM with dense object-level representations. We represent rigid objects in local volumetric signed distance function (SDF) maps, and formulate multi-object tracking as direct alignment of RGB-D images with the SDF representations. Our main novelty is a probabilistic formulation which naturally leads to strategies for data association and occlusion handling. We analyze our approach in experiments and demonstrate that our approach compares favorably with the state-of-the-art methods in terms of robustness and accuracy.
ClusterSLAM: A SLAM Backend for Simultaneous Rigid Body Clustering and Motion Estimation
Authors: Jiahui Huang, Sheng Yang, Zishuo Zhao, Yu-Kun Lai, Shi-Min Hu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We present a practical backend for stereo visual SLAM which can simultaneously discover individual rigid bodies and compute their motions in dynamic environments. While recent factor graph based state optimization algorithms have shown their ability to robustly solve SLAM problems by treating dynamic objects as outliers, the dynamic motions are rarely considered. In this paper, we exploit the consensus of 3D motions among the landmarks extracted from the same rigid body for clustering and estimating static and dynamic objects in a unified manner. Specifically, our algorithm builds a noise-aware motion affinity matrix upon landmarks, and uses agglomerative clustering for distinguishing those rigid bodies. Accompanied by a decoupled factor graph optimization for revising their shape and trajectory, we obtain an iterative scheme to update both cluster assignments and motion estimation reciprocally. Evaluations on both synthetic scenes and KITTI demonstrate the capability of our approach, and further experiments considering online efficiency also show the effectiveness of our method for simultaneous tracking of ego-motion and multiple objects.
Efficient and Robust Registration on the 3D Special Euclidean Group
Authors: Uttaran Bhattacharya, Venu Madhav Govindu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We present a robust, fast and accurate method for registration of 3D scans. Using correspondences, our method optimizes a robust cost function on the intrinsic representation of rigid motions, i.e., the Special Euclidean group SE(3). We exploit the geometric properties of Lie groups as well as the robustness afforded by an iteratively reweighted least squares optimization. We also generalize our approach to a joint multiview method that simultaneously solves for the registration of a set of scans. Our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art robust 3D registration method based on a line process in terms of both speed and accuracy. We show that this line process method is a special case of our principled geometric solution. Finally, we also present scenarios where global registration based on feature correspondences fails but multiview ICP based on our robust motion estimation is successful.
Algebraic Characterization of Essential Matrices and Their Averaging in Multiview Settings
Authors: Yoni Kasten, Amnon Geifman, Meirav Galun, Ronen Basri
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: Essential matrix averaging, i.e., the task of recovering camera locations and orientations in calibrated, multiview settings, is a first step in global approaches to Euclidean structure from motion. A common approach to essential matrix averaging is to separately solve for camera orientations and subsequently for camera positions. This paper presents a novel approach that solves simultaneously for both camera orientations and positions. We offer a complete characterization of the algebraic conditions that enable a unique Euclidean reconstruction of n cameras from a collection of (^n_2) essential matrices. We next use these conditions to formulate essential matrix averaging as a constrained optimization problem, allowing us to recover a consistent set of essential matrices given a (possibly partial) set of measured essential matrices computed independently for pairs of images. We finally use the recovered essential matrices to determine the global positions and orientations of the n cameras. We test our method on common SfM datasets, demonstrating high accuracy while maintaining efficiency and robustness, compared to existing methods.
Liquid Warping GAN: A Unified Framework for Human Motion Imitation, Appearance Transfer and Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Wen Liu, Zhixin Piao, Jie Min, Wenhan Luo, Lin Ma, Shenghua Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2019 (Main Conference Track), 2019

Abstract: We tackle the human motion imitation, appearance transfer, and novel view synthesis within a unified framework, which means that the model once being trained can be used to handle all these tasks. The existing task-specific methods mainly use 2D keypoints (pose) to estimate the human body structure. However, they only expresses the position information with no abilities to characterize the personalized shape of the individual person and model the limbs rotations. In this paper, we propose to use a 3D body mesh recovery module to disentangle the pose and shape, which can not only model the joint location and rotation but also characterize the personalized body shape. To preserve the source information, such as texture, style, color, and face identity, we propose a Liquid Warping GAN with Liquid Warping Block (LWB) that propagates the source information in both image and feature spaces, and synthesizes an image with respect to the reference. Specifically, the source features are extracted by a denoising convolutional auto-encoder for characterizing the source identity well. Furthermore, our proposed method is able to support a more flexible warping from multiple sources. In addition, we build a new dataset, namely Impersonator (iPER) dataset, for the evaluation of human motion imitation, appearance transfer, and novel view synthesis. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in several aspects, such as robustness in occlusion case and preserving face identity, shape consistency and clothes details. All codes and datasets are available on https://svip-lab.github.io/project/impersonator.html.