mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Spatial Knowledge Distillation for Vision Transformers
Authors: Borui Zhao, Renjie Song, Jiajun Liang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Distilling knowledge from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a double-edged sword for vision transformers (ViTs). It boosts the performance since the image-friendly local-inductive bias of CNN helps ViT learn faster and better, but leading to two problems: (1) Network designs of CNN and ViT are completely different, which leads to different semantic levels of intermediate features, making spatial-wise knowledge transfer methods (e.g., feature mimicking) inefficient. (2) Distilling knowledge from CNN limits the network convergence in the later training period since ViT's capability of integrating global information is suppressed by CNN's local-inductive-bias supervision.
 To this end, we present Cumulative Spatial Knowledge Distillation (CSKD). CSKD distills spatial-wise knowledge to all patch tokens of ViT from the corresponding spatial responses of CNN, without introducing intermediate features.
 Furthermore, CSKD exploits a Cumulative Knowledge Fusion (CKF) module, which introduces the global response of CNN and increasingly emphasizes its importance during the training. Applying CKF leverages CNN's local inductive bias in the early training period and gives full play to ViT's global capability in the later one. Extensive experiments and analysis on ImageNet-1k and downstream datasets demonstrate the superiority of our CSKD. Code will be publicly available.
Dual Pseudo-Labels Interactive Self-Training for Semi-Supervised Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification
Authors: Jiangming Shi, Yachao Zhang, Xiangbo Yin, Yuan Xie, Zhizhong Zhang, Jianping Fan, Zhongchao Shi, Yanyun Qu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) aims to match a specific person from a gallery of images captured from non-overlapping visible and infrared cameras. Most works focus on fully supervised VI-ReID, which requires substantial cross-modality annotation that is more expensive than the annotation in single-modality. To reduce the extensive cost of annotation, we explore two practical semi-supervised settings: uni-semi-supervised (annotating only visible images) and bi-semi-supervised (annotating partially in both modalities). These two semi-supervised settings face two challenges due to the large cross-modality discrepancies and the lack of correspondence supervision between visible and infrared images. Thus, it is difficult to generate reliable pseudo-labels and learn modality-invariant features from noise pseudo-labels. In this paper, we propose a dual pseudo-label interactive self-training (DPIS) for these two semi-supervised VI-ReID. Our DPIS integrates two pseudo-labels generated by distinct models into a hybrid pseudo-label for unlabeled data. However, the hybrid pseudo-label still inevitably contains noise. To eliminate the negative effect of noise pseudo-labels, we introduce three modules: noise label penalty (NLP), noise correspondence calibration (NCC), and unreliable anchor learning (UAL). Specifically, NLP penalizes noise labels, NCC calibrates noisy correspondences, and UAL mines the hard-to-discriminate features. Extensive experimental results on SYSU-MM01 and RegDB demonstrate that our DPIS achieves impressive performance under these two semi-supervised settings.
Less is More: Focus Attention for Efficient DETR
Authors: Dehua Zheng, Wenhui Dong, Hailin Hu, Xinghao Chen, Yunhe Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: DETR-like models have significantly boosted the performance of detectors and even outperformed classical convolutional models. However, all tokens are treated equally without discrimination brings a redundant computational burden in the traditional encoder structure. The recent sparsification strategies exploit a subset of informative tokens to reduce attention
 complexity maintaining performance through the sparse encoder. But these methods tend to rely on unreliable model statistics. Moreover, simply reducing the token population hinders the detection performance to a large extent, limiting the application of these sparse models. We propose Focus-DETR, which focuses attention on more informative tokens for a better trade-off between computation efficiency and model accuracy. Specifically, we reconstruct the encoder with dual attention, which includes a token scoring mechanism that considers both localization and category semantic information of the objects from multi-scale feature maps. We efficiently abandon the background queries and enhance the semantic interaction of the fine-grained object queries based on the scores. Compared with the state-of-the-art sparse DETR-like detectors under the same setting, our Focus-DETR gets comparable complexity while achieving 50.4AP (+2.2) on COCO. The code is available at https://github.com/huawei-noah/noah-research/tree/master/Focus-DETR and https://gitee.com/mindspore/models/tree/master/research/cv/Focus-DETR.
Efficient Controllable Multi-Task Architectures
Authors: Abhishek Aich, Samuel Schulter, Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury, Manmohan Chandraker, Yumin Suh
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We aim to train a multi-task model such that users can adjust the desired compute budget and relative importance of task performances after deployment, without retraining. This enables optimizing performance for dynamically varying user needs, without heavy computational overhead to train and save models for various scenarios. To this end, we propose a multi-task model consisting of a shared encoder and task-specific decoders where both encoder and decoder channel widths are slimmable. Our key idea is to control the task importance by varying the capacities of task-specific decoders, while controlling the total computational cost by jointly adjusting the encoder capacity. This improves overall accuracy by allowing a stronger encoder for a given budget, increases control over computational cost, and delivers high-quality slimmed sub-architectures based on user's constraints. Our training strategy involves a novel `Configuration-Invariant Knowledge Distillation' loss that enforces backbone representations to be invariant under different runtime width configurations to enhance accuracy. Further, we present a simple but effective search algorithm that translates user constraints to runtime width configurations of both the shared encoder and task decoders, for sampling the sub-architectures. The key rule for the search algorithm is to provide a larger computational budget to the higher preferred task decoder, while searching a shared encoder configuration that enhances the overall MTL performance. Various experiments on three multi-task benchmarks (PASCALContext, NYUDv2, and CIFAR100-MTL) with diverse backbone architectures demonstrate the advantage of our approach. For example, our method shows a higher controllability by   33.5% in the NYUD-v2 dataset over prior methods, while incurring much less compute cost.
HumanSD: A Native Skeleton-Guided Diffusion Model for Human Image Generation
Authors: Xuan Ju, Ailing Zeng, Chenchen Zhao, Jianan Wang, Lei Zhang, Qiang Xu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Controllable human image generation (HIG) has attracted significant attention from academia and industry for its numerous real-life applications. State-of-the-art solutions, such as ControlNet and T2I-Adapter, introduce an additional learnable branch on top of the frozen pre-trained stable diffusion (SD) model, which can enforce various kinds of conditions, including skeleton guidance of HIG. While such a plug-and-play approach is appealing, the inevitable and uncertain conflicts between the original images produced from the frozen SD branch and the given condition incur significant challenges for the learnable branch, which conduct the condition learning via image feature editing.
 In this work, we propose a native skeleton-guided diffusion model for controllable HIG called HumanSD. Instead of performing image editing with dual-branch diffusion, we fine-tune the original SD model using a novel heatmap-guided denoising loss. This strategy effectively and efficiently strengthens the given skeleton condition during model training while mitigating the catastrophic forgetting effects. HumanSD is fine-tuned on the assembly of three large-scale human-centric datasets with text-image-pose information, two of which are established in this work. Experimental results show that HumanSD outperforms ControlNet in terms of pose control and image quality, particularly when the given skeleton guidance is sophisticated. Code and data are available at: https://idearesearch.github.io/HumanSD/.
Lens Parameter Estimation for Realistic Depth of Field Modeling
Authors: Dominique Piché-Meunier, Yannick Hold-Geoffroy, Jianming Zhang, Jean-François Lalonde
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We present a method to estimate the depth of field effect from a single image. Most existing methods related to this task provide either a per-pixel estimation of blur and/or depth. Instead, we go further and propose to use a lens-based representation that models the depth of field using two parameters: the blur factor and focus disparity. Those two parameters, along with the signed defocus representation, result in a more intuitive and linear representation which we solve using a novel weighting network. Furthermore, our method explicitly enforces consistency between the estimated defocus blur, the lens parameters, and the depth map. Finally, we train our deep-learning-based model on a mix of real images with synthetic depth of field and fully synthetic images. These improvements result in a more robust and accurate method, as demonstrated by our state-of-the-art results. In particular, our lens parametrization enables several applications, such as 3D staging for AR environments and seamless object compositing.
Learned Compressive Representations for Single-Photon 3D Imaging
Authors: Felipe Gutierrez-Barragan, Fangzhou Mu, Andrei Ardelean, Atul Ingle, Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Yin Li, Mohit Gupta, Andreas Velten
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Single-photon 3D cameras can record the time-of-arrival of billions of photons per second with picosecond accuracy. One common approach to summarize the photon data stream is to build a per-pixel timestamp histogram, resulting in a 3D histogram tensor that encodes distances along the time axis. As the spatio-temporal resolution of the histogram tensor increases, the in-pixel memory requirements and output data rates can quickly become impractical. To overcome this limitation, we propose a family of linear compressive representations of histogram tensors that can be computed efficiently, in an online fashion, as a matrix operation. We design practical lightweight compressive representations that are amenable to an in-pixel implementation and consider the spatio-temporal information of each timestamp. Furthermore, we implement our proposed framework as the first layer of a neural network, which enables the joint end-to-end optimization of the compressive representations and a downstream SPAD data processing model. We find that a well-designed compressive representation can reduce in-sensor memory and data rates up to 2 orders of magnitude without significantly reducing 3D imaging quality. Finally, we analyze the power consumption implications through an on-chip implementation.
Alignment-free HDR Deghosting with Semantics Consistent Transformer
Authors: Steven Tel, Zongwei Wu, Yulun Zhang, Barthélémy Heyrman, Cédric Demonceaux, Radu Timofte, Dominique Ginhac
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: High dynamic range (HDR) imaging aims to retrieve information from multiple low-dynamic range inputs to generate realistic output. The essence is to leverage the contextual information, including both dynamic and static semantics, for better image generation. Existing methods often focus on the spatial misalignment across input frames caused by the foreground and/or camera motion. However, there is no research on jointly leveraging the dynamic and static context in a simultaneous manner. To delve into this problem, we propose a novel alignment-free network with a Semantics Consistent Transformer (SCTNet) with both spatial and channel attention modules in the network. The spatial attention aims to deal with the intra-image correlation to model the dynamic motion, while the channel attention enables the inter-image intertwining to enhance the semantic consistency across frames. Aside from this, we introduce a novel realistic HDR dataset with more variations in foreground objects, environmental factors, and larger motions. Extensive comparisons on both conventional datasets and ours validate the effectiveness of our method, achieving the best trade-off on the performance and the computational cost. The source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Zongwei97/SCTNet.
Semantic-Aware Implicit Template Learning via Part Deformation Consistency
Authors: Sihyeon Kim, Minseok Joo, Jaewon Lee, Juyeon Ko, Juhan Cha, Hyunwoo J. Kim
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Learning implicit templates as neural fields has recently shown impressive performance in unsupervised shape correspondence. Despite the success, we observe current approaches, which solely rely on geometric information, often learn suboptimal deformation across generic object shapes, which have high structural variability. In this paper, we highlight the importance of part deformation consistency and propose a semantic-aware implicit template learning framework to enable semantically plausible deformation. By leveraging semantic prior from a self-supervised feature extractor, we suggest local conditioning with novel semantic-aware deformation code and deformation consistency regularizations regarding part deformation, global deformation, and global scaling. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over baselines in various tasks: keypoint transfer, part label transfer, and texture transfer. More interestingly, our framework shows a larger performance gain under more challenging settings. We also provide qualitative analyses to validate the effectiveness of semantic-aware deformation. The code is available at https://github.com/mlvlab/PDC.
HRS-Bench: Holistic, Reliable and Scalable Benchmark for Text-to-Image Models
Authors: Eslam Mohamed Bakr, Pengzhan Sun, Xiaoqian Shen, Faizan Farooq Khan, Li Erran Li, Mohamed Elhoseiny
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Designing robust text-to-image (T2I) models have been extensively explored in recent years, especially with the emergence of diffusion models, which achieves state-of-the-art results on T2I synthesis tasks. Despite the significant effort and success in this direction, we observed that the existing metrics need to be more robust to measure real progress. Therefore, comparing the existing models are more complex and heavily subjective for human evaluations. In addition, we observe that the efforts in developing new architectures do not coincide with efforts in the evaluation direction. Driven by this observation, the importance of designing a concrete evaluation emerges to fill the gap between designing and evaluation efforts. Accordingly, we introduce our holistic, reliable, and scalable benchmark, termed  \papernameAbbrev , for T2I models. Unlike the existing benchmarks, which focus on limited aspects, we measure 13 skills, which could be categorized into five critical skills; accuracy, robustness, generalization, fairness, and bias. In addition,  \papernameAbbrev  covers 50 applications, e.g., fashion, animals, transportation, food, and clothes. We evaluate nine recent large-scale T2I models using metrics that cover a wide range of skills. We study 13 skills, e.g., robustness, fairness, and bias. To probe the effectiveness of our  \papernameAbbrev , a human evaluation is conducted, which is aligned with 95% with our evaluations on average across the 13 skills. We hope our findings, e.g., all the existing models can not generate visual text nor emotionally grounded images, help accelerate and direct future research. To this end, the code and data are available at https://eslambakr.github.io/hrsbench.github.io/.
Multi3DRefer: Grounding Text Description to Multiple 3D Objects
Authors: Yiming Zhang, ZeMing Gong, Angel X. Chang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: We introduce the task of localizing a flexible number of objects in real-world 3D scenes using natural language descriptions. Existing 3D visual grounding tasks focus on localizing a unique object given a text description. However, such a strict setting is unnatural as localizing potentially multiple objects is a common need in real-world scenarios and robotic tasks (e.g., visual navigation and object rearrangement). To address this setting we propose Multi3DRefer, generalizing the ScanRefer dataset and task. Our dataset contains 61926 descriptions of 11609 objects, where zero, single or multiple target objects are referenced by each description. We also introduce a new evaluation metric and benchmark methods from prior work to enable further investigation of multi-modal 3D scene understanding. Furthermore, we develop a better baseline leveraging 2D features from CLIP by rendering object proposals online with contrastive learning, which outperforms the state of the art on the ScanRefer benchmark.
Examining Autoexposure for Challenging Scenes
Authors: SaiKiran Tedla, Beixuan Yang, Michael S. Brown
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Autoexposure (AE) is a critical step applied by camera systems to ensure properly exposed images. While current AE algorithms are effective in well-lit environments with constant illumination, these algorithms still struggle in environments with bright light sources or scenes with abrupt changes in lighting. A significant hurdle in developing new AE algorithms for challenging environments, especially those with time-varying lighting, is the lack of suitable image datasets. To address this issue, we have captured a new 4D exposure dataset that provides a large solution space (i.e., shutter speed range from 1/500 to 15 seconds) over a temporal sequence with moving objects, bright lights, and varying lighting. In addition, we have designed a software platform to allow AE algorithms to be used in a plug-and-play manner with the dataset. Our dataset and associate platform enable repeatable evaluation of different AE algorithms and provide a much-needed starting point to develop better AE methods. We examine several existing AE strategies using our dataset and show that most users prefer a simple saliency method for challenging lighting conditions.
DiffCloth: Diffusion Based Garment Synthesis and Manipulation via Structural Cross-modal Semantic Alignment
Authors: Xujie Zhang, Binbin Yang, Michael C. Kampffmeyer, Wenqing Zhang, Shiyue Zhang, Guansong Lu, Liang Lin, Hang Xu, Xiaodan Liang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Cross-modal garment synthesis and manipulation will significantly benefit the way fashion designers generate garments and modify their designs via flexible linguistic interfaces. However, despite the significant progress that has been made in generic image synthesis using diffusion models, producing garment images with garment part level semantics that are well aligned with input text prompts and then flexibly manipulating the generated results still remains a problem. Current approaches follow the general text-to-image paradigm and mine cross-modal relations via simple cross-attention modules, neglecting the structural correspondence between visual and textual representations in the fashion design domain. In this work, we instead introduce DiffCloth, a diffusion-based pipeline for cross-modal garment synthesis and manipulation, which empowers diffusion models with flexible compositionality in the fashion domain by structurally aligning the cross-modal semantics. Specifically, we formulate the part-level cross-modal alignment as a bipartite matching problem between the linguistic Attribute-Phrases (AP) and the visual garment parts which are obtained via constituency parsing and semantic segmentation, respectively. To mitigate the issue of attribute confusion, we further propose a semantic-bundled cross-attention to preserve the spatial structure similarities between the attention maps of attribute adjectives and part nouns in each AP. Moreover, DiffCloth allows for manipulation of the generated results by simply replacing APs in the text prompts. The manipulation-irrelevant regions are recognized by blended masks obtained from the bundled attention maps of the APs and kept unchanged. Extensive experiments on the CM-Fashion benchmark demonstrate that DiffCloth both yields state-of-the-art garment synthesis results by leveraging the inherent structural information and supports flexible manipulation with region consistency.
Improved Visual Fine-tuning with Natural Language Supervision
Authors: Junyang Wang, Yuanhong Xu, Juhua Hu, Ming Yan, Jitao Sang, Qi Qian
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Fine-tuning a visual pre-trained model can leverage the semantic information from large-scale pre-training data and mitigate the over-fitting problem on downstream vision tasks with limited training examples. While the problem of catastrophic forgetting in pre-trained backbone has been extensively studied for fine-tuning, its potential bias from the corresponding pre-training task and data, attracts less attention. In this work, we investigate this problem by demonstrating that the obtained classifier after fine-tuning will be close to that induced by the pre-trained model. To reduce the bias in the classifier effectively, we introduce a reference distribution obtained from a fixed text classifier, which can help regularize the learned vision classifier. The proposed method, Text Supervised fine-tuning (TeS), is evaluated with diverse pre-trained vision models including ResNet and ViT, and text encoders including BERT and CLIP, on 11 downstream tasks. The consistent improvement with a clear margin over distinct scenarios confirms the effectiveness of our proposal. Code is available at https://github.com/idstcv/TeS.
Person Re-Identification without Identification via Event anonymization
Authors: Shafiq Ahmad, Pietro Morerio, Alessio Del Bue
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Wide-scale use of visual surveillance in public spaces puts individual privacy at stake while increasing resource consumption (energy, bandwidth, and computation). Neuromorphic vision sensors (event-cameras) have been recently considered a valid solution to the privacy issue because they do not capture detailed RGB visual information of the subjects in the scene. However, recent deep learning architectures have been able to reconstruct images from event cameras with high fidelity, reintroducing a potential threat to privacy for event-based vision applications. In this paper, we aim to anonymize event-streams to protect the identity of human subjects against such image reconstruction attacks. To achieve this, we propose an end-to-end network architecture jointly optimized for the twofold objective of preserving privacy and performing a downstream task such as person ReId. Our network learns to scramble events, enforcing the degradation of images recovered from the privacy attacker. In this work, we also bring to the community the first ever event-based person ReId dataset gathered to evaluate the performance of our approach. We validate our approach with extensive experiments and report results on the synthetic event data simulated from the publicly available SoftBio dataset and our proposed Event-ReId dataset.
GRAM-HD: 3D-Consistent Image Generation at High Resolution with Generative Radiance Manifolds
Authors: Jianfeng Xiang, Jiaolong Yang, Yu Deng, Xin Tong
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Recent works have shown that 3D-aware GANs trained on unstructured single image collections can generate multiview images of novel instances. The key underpinnings to achieve this are a 3D radiance field generator and a volume rendering process. However, existing methods either cannot generate high-resolution images (e.g., up to 256x256) due to the high computation cost of neural volume rendering, or rely on 2D CNNs for image-space upsampling which jeopardizes the 3D consistency across different views. This paper proposes a novel 3D-aware GAN that can generate high resolution images (up to 1024x1024) while keeping strict 3D consistency as in volume rendering. Our motivation is to achieve super-resolution directly in the 3D space to preserve 3D consistency. We avoid the otherwise prohibitively-expensive computation cost by applying 2D convolutions on a set of 2D radiance manifolds defined in the recent generative radiance manifold (GRAM) approach, and apply dedicated loss functions for effective GAN training at high resolution. Experiments on FFHQ and AFHQv2 datasets show that our method can produce high-quality 3D-consistent results that significantly outperform existing methods. It makes a significant step towards closing the gap between traditional 2D image generation and 3D-consistent free-view generation.
Small Object Detection via Coarse-to-fine Proposal Generation and Imitation Learning
Authors: Xiang Yuan, Gong Cheng, Kebing Yan, Qinghua Zeng, Junwei Han
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: The past few years have witnessed the immense success of object detection, while current excellent detectors struggle on tackling size-limited instances. Concretely, the well-known challenge of low overlaps between the priors and object regions leads to a constrained sample pool for optimization, and the paucity of discriminative information further aggravates the recognition. To alleviate the aforementioned issues, we propose CFINet, a two-stage framework tailored for small object detection based on the Coarse-to-fine pipeline and Feature Imitation learning. Firstly, we introduce Coarse-to-fine RPN (CRPN) to ensure sufficient and high-quality proposals for small objects through the dynamic anchor selection strategy and cascade regression. Then, we equip the conventional detection head with a Feature Imitation (FI) branch to facilitate the region representations of size-limited instances that perplex the model in an imitation manner. Moreover, an auxiliary imitation loss following supervised contrastive learning paradigm is devised to optimize this branch. When integrated with Faster RCNN, CFINet achieves state-of-the-art performance on the large-scale small object detection benchmarks, SODA-D and SODA-A, underscoring its superiority over baseline detector and other mainstream detection approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/shaunyuan22/CFINet.
Anomaly Detection Under Distribution Shift
Authors: Tri Cao, Jiawen Zhu, Guansong Pang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial machine learning task that aims to learn patterns from a set of normal training samples to identify abnormal samples in test data. Most existing AD studies assume that the training and test data are drawn from the same data distribution, but the test data can have large distribution shifts arising in many real-world applications due to different natural variations such as new lighting conditions, object poses, or background appearances, rendering existing AD methods ineffective in such cases. In this paper, we consider the problem of anomaly detection under distribution shift and establish performance benchmarks on four widely-used AD and out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization datasets. We demonstrate that simple adaptation of state-of-the-art OOD generalization methods to AD settings fails to work effectively due to the lack of labeled anomaly data. We further introduce a novel robust AD approach to diverse distribution shifts by minimizing the distribution gap between in-distribution and OOD normal samples in both the training and inference stages in an unsupervised way. Our extensive empirical results on the four datasets show that our approach substantially outperforms state-of-the-art AD methods and OOD generalization methods on data with various distribution shifts, while maintaining the detection accuracy on in-distribution data. Code and data are available at https://github.com/mala-lab/ADShift.
Class Prior-Free Positive-Unlabeled Learning with Taylor Variational Loss for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Hengwei Zhao, Xinyu Wang, Jingtao Li, Yanfei Zhong
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Positive-unlabeled learning (PU learning) in hyperspectral remote sensing imagery (HSI) is aimed at learning a binary classifier from positive and unlabeled data, which has broad prospects in various earth vision applications. However, when PU learning meets limited labeled HSI, the unlabeled data may dominate the optimization process, which makes the neural networks overfit the unlabeled data. In this paper, a Taylor variational loss is proposed for HSI PU learning, which reduces the weight of the gradient of the unlabeled data by Taylor series expansion to enable the network to find a balance between overfitting and underfitting. In addition, the self-calibrated optimization strategy is designed to stabilize the training process. Experiments on 7 benchmark datasets (21 tasks in total) validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Code is at: https://github.com/Hengwei-Zhao96/T-HOneCls.
HoloAssist: an Egocentric Human Interaction Dataset for Interactive AI Assistants in the Real World
Authors: Xin Wang, Taein Kwon, Mahdi Rad, Bowen Pan, Ishani Chakraborty, Sean Andrist, Dan Bohus, Ashley Feniello, Bugra Tekin, Felipe Vieira Frujeri, Neel Joshi, Marc Pollefeys
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Building an interactive AI assistant that can perceive, reason, and collaborate with humans in the real world has been a long-standing pursuit in the AI community. This work is part of a broader research effort to develop intelligent agents that can interactively guide humans through performing tasks in the physical world. As a first step in this direction, we introduce HoloAssist, a large-scale egocentric human interaction dataset, where two people collaboratively complete physical manipulation tasks. The task performer executes the task while wearing a mixed-reality headset that captures seven synchronized data streams. The task instructor watches the performer's egocentric video in real time and guides them verbally. By augmenting the data with action and conversational annotations and observing the rich behaviors of various participants, we present key insights into how human assistants correct mistakes, intervene in the task completion procedure, and ground their instructions to the environment. HoloAssist spans 166 hours of data captured by 350 unique instructor-performer pairs. Furthermore, we construct and present benchmarks on mistake detection, intervention type prediction, and hand forecasting, along with detailed analysis. We expect HoloAssist will provide an important resource for building AI assistants that can fluidly collaborate with humans in the real world. Data can be downloaded at https://holoassist.github.io/.
Self-Feedback DETR for Temporal Action Detection
Authors: Jihwan Kim, Miso Lee, Jae-Pil Heo
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Temporal Action Detection (TAD) is challenging but fundamental for real-world video applications. Recently, DETR-based models have been devised for TAD but have not performed well yet. In this paper, we point out the problem in the self-attention of DETR for TAD; the attention modules focus on a few key elements, called temporal collapse problem. It degrades the capability of the encoder and decoder since their self-attention modules play no role. To solve the problem, we propose a novel framework, Self-DETR, which utilizes cross-attention maps of the decoder to reactivate self-attention modules. We recover the relationship between encoder features by simple matrix multiplication of the cross-attention map and its transpose. Likewise, we also get the information within decoder queries. By guiding collapsed self-attention maps with the guidance map calculated, we settle down the temporal collapse of self-attention modules in the encoder and decoder. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that Self-DETR resolves the temporal collapse problem by keeping high diversity of attention over all layers.
StableVideo: Text-driven Consistency-aware Diffusion Video Editing
Authors: Wenhao Chai, Xun Guo, Gaoang Wang, Yan Lu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Diffusion-based methods can generate realistic images and videos, but they struggle to edit existing objects in a video while preserving their geometry over time. This prevents diffusion models from being applied to natural video editing. In this paper, we tackle this problem by introducing temporal dependency to existing text-driven diffusion models, which allows them to generate consistent appearance for the new objects. Specifically, we develop a novel inter-frame propagation mechanism for diffusion video editing, which leverages the concept of layered representations to propagate the geometry and appearance information from one frame to the next. We then build up a text-driven video editing framework based on this mechanism, namely StableVideo, which can achieve consistency-aware video editing. Extensive qualitative experiments demonstrate the strong editing capability of our approach. Compared with state-of-the-art video editing methods, our approach shows superior qualitative and quantitative results.
PIRNet: Privacy-Preserving Image Restoration Network via Wavelet Lifting
Authors: Xin Deng, Chao Gao, Mai Xu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: The cloud-based multimedia service becomes increasingly popular in the last decade, however, it poses a serious threat to the client's privacy. To address this issue, many methods utilized image encryption as a defense mechanism.
 However, the encrypted images look quite different from the natural images, making them vulnerable to attackers. In this paper, we propose a novel method namely PIRNet, which operates privacy-preserving image restoration in the
 steganographic domain. Compared to existing methods, our method offers significant advantages in terms of invisibility and security. Specifically, we first propose a wavelet Lifting-based Invertible Hiding (LIH) network to conceal
 the secret image into the stego image. Then, a Lifting-based Secure Restoration (LSR) network is utilized to perform image restoration in the steganographic domain. Since the secret image remains hidden throughout the whole image
 restoration process, the privacy of clients can be largely ensured. In addition, since the stego image looks visually the same as the cover image, the attackers can hardly discover it, which significantly improves the security. The experimental results on different datasets show the superiority of our PIRNet over the existing methods on various privacy-preserving image restoration tasks, including image denoising, deblurring and super-resolution.
LAW-Diffusion: Complex Scene Generation by Diffusion with Layouts
Authors: Binbin Yang, Yi Luo, Ziliang Chen, Guangrun Wang, Xiaodan Liang, Liang Lin
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Thanks to the rapid development of diffusion models, unprecedented progress has been witnessed in image synthesis. Prior works mostly rely on pre-trained linguistic models, but a text is often too abstract to properly specify all the spatial properties of an image, e.g., the layout configuration of a scene, leading to the sub-optimal results of complex scene generation. In this paper, we achieve accurate complex scene generation by proposing a semantically controllable Layout-AWare diffusion model, termed LAW-Diffusion. Distinct from the previous Layout-to-Image generation (L2I) methods that primarily explore category-aware relationships, LAW-Diffusion introduces a spatial dependency parser to encode the location-aware semantic coherence across objects as a layout embedding and produces a scene with perceptually harmonious object styles and contextual relations. To be specific, we delicately instantiate each object's regional semantics as an object region map and leverage a location-aware cross-object attention module to capture the spatial dependencies among those disentangled representations. We further propose an adaptive guidance schedule for our layout guidance to mitigate the trade-off between the regional semantic alignment and the texture fidelity of generated objects. Moreover, LAW-Diffusion allows for instance reconfiguration while maintaining the other regions in a synthesized image by introducing a layout-aware latent grafting mechanism to recompose its local regional semantics. To better verify the plausibility of generated scenes, we propose a new evaluation metric for the L2I task, dubbed Scene Relation Score (SRS) to measure how the images preserve the rational and harmonious relations among contextual objects. Comprehensive experiments on COCO-Stuff and Visual-Genome demonstrate that our LAW-Diffusion yields the state-of-the-art generative performance, especially with coherent object relations.
Multi-Label Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Penghui Yang, Ming-Kun Xie, Chen-Chen Zong, Lei Feng, Gang Niu, Masashi Sugiyama, Sheng-Jun Huang
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Existing knowledge distillation methods typically work by imparting the knowledge of output logits or intermediate feature maps from the teacher network to the student network, which is very successful in multi-class single-label learning. However, these methods can hardly be extended to the multi-label learning scenario, where each instance is associated with multiple semantic labels, because the prediction probabilities do not sum to one and feature maps of the whole example may ignore minor classes in such a scenario. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-label knowledge distillation method. On one hand, it exploits the informative semantic knowledge from the logits by dividing the multi-label learning problem into a set of binary classification problems; on the other hand, it enhances the distinctiveness of the learned feature representations by leveraging the structural information of label-wise embeddings. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets validate that the proposed method can avoid knowledge counteraction among labels, thus achieving superior performance against diverse comparing methods.
Towards Geospatial Foundation Models via Continual Pretraining
Authors: Matías Mendieta, Boran Han, Xingjian Shi, Yi Zhu, Chen Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Geospatial technologies are becoming increasingly essential in our world for a wide range of applications, including agriculture, urban planning, and disaster response. To help improve the applicability and performance of deep learning models on these geospatial tasks, various works have begun investigating foundation models for this domain. Researchers have explored two prominent approaches for introducing such models in geospatial applications, but both have drawbacks in terms of limited performance benefit or prohibitive training cost. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel paradigm for building highly effective geospatial foundation models with minimal resource cost and carbon impact. We first construct a compact yet diverse dataset from multiple sources to promote feature diversity, which we term GeoPile. Then, we investigate the potential of continual pretraining from large-scale ImageNet-22k models and propose a multi-objective continual pretraining paradigm, which leverages the strong representations of ImageNet while simultaneously providing the freedom to learn valuable in-domain features. Our approach outperforms previous state-of-the-art geospatial pretraining methods in an extensive evaluation on seven downstream datasets covering various tasks such as change detection, classification, multi-label classification, semantic segmentation, and super-resolution. Code is available at https://github.com/mmendiet/GFM.
ConSlide: Asynchronous Hierarchical Interaction Transformer with Breakup-Reorganize Rehearsal for Continual Whole Slide Image Analysis
Authors: Yanyan Huang, Weiqin Zhao, Shujun Wang, Yu Fu, Yuming Jiang, Lequan Yu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Whole slide image (WSI) analysis has become increasingly important in the medical imaging community, enabling automated and objective diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic-response prediction. However, in clinical practice, the continuous progress of evolving WSI acquisition technology, the diversity of scanners, and different imaging protocols hamper the utility of WSI analysis models. In this paper, we propose the FIRST continual learning framework for WSI analysis, named ConSlide, to tackle the challenges of enormous image size, utilization of hierarchical structure, and catastrophic forgetting by progressive model updating on multiple sequential datasets. Our framework contains three key components. The Hierarchical Interaction Transformer (HIT) is proposed to model and utilize the hierarchical structural knowledge of WSI. The BreakupReorganize (BuRo) rehearsal method is developed for WSI data replay with efficient region storing buffer and WSI reorganizing operation. The asynchronous updating mechanism is devised to encourage the network to learn generic and specific knowledge respectively during the replay stage, based on a nested cross-scale similarity learning (CSSL) module. We evaluated the proposed ConSlide on four public WSI datasets from TCGA projects. It performs best over other state-of-the-art methods with a fair WSI-based continual learning setting and achieves a better trade-off of the overall performance and forgetting on previous tasks.
RepQ-ViT: Scale Reparameterization for Post-Training Quantization of Vision Transformers
Authors: Zhikai Li, Junrui Xiao, Lianwei Yang, Qingyi Gu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Post-training quantization (PTQ), which only requires a tiny dataset for calibration without end-to-end retraining, is a light and practical model compression technique. Recently, several PTQ schemes for vision transformers (ViTs) have been presented; unfortunately, they typically suffer from non-trivial accuracy degradation, especially in low-bit cases. In this paper, we propose RepQ-ViT, a novel PTQ framework for ViTs based on quantization scale reparameterization, to address the above issues. RepQ-ViT decouples the quantization and inference processes, where the former employs complex quantizers and the latter employs scale-reparameterized simplified quantizers. This ensures both accurate quantization and efficient inference, which distinguishes it from existing approaches that sacrifice quantization performance to meet the target hardware. More specifically, we focus on two components with extreme distributions: post-LayerNorm activations with severe inter-channel variation and post-Softmax activations with power-law features, and initially apply channel-wise quantization and log(sqrt(2)) quantization, respectively. Then, we reparameterize the scales to hardware-friendly layer-wise quantization and log2 quantization for inference, with only slight accuracy or computational costs. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple vision tasks with different model variants, proving that RepQ-ViT, without hyperparameters and expensive reconstruction procedures, can outperform existing strong baselines and encouragingly improve the accuracy of 4-bit PTQ of ViTs to a usable level. Code is available at https://github.com/zkkli/RepQ-ViT.
Enhancing Privacy Preservation in Federated Learning via Learning Rate Perturbation
Authors: Guangnian Wan, Haitao Du, Xuejing Yuan, Jun Yang, Meiling Chen, Jie Xu
Published in: IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2023 (Main Conference Track), 2023

Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-enhanced distributed machine learning framework, in which multiple clients collaboratively train a global model by exchanging their model updates without sharing local private data. However, the adversary can use gradient inversion attacks to reveal the clients' privacy from the shared model updates. Previous attacks assume the adversary can infer the local learning rate of each client, while we observe that: (1) using the uniformly distributed random local learning rates does not incur much accuracy loss of the global model, and (2) personalizing local learning rates can mitigate the drift issue which is caused by non-IID (identically and independently distributed) data. Moreover, we theoretically derive a convergence guarantee to FedAvg with uniformly perturbed local learning rates. Therefore, by perturbing the learning rate of each client with random noise, we propose a learning rate perturbation (LRP) defense against gradient inversion attacks. Specifically, for classification tasks, we adapt LPR to ada-LPR by personalizing the expectation of each local learning rate. The experiments show that our defenses can well enhance privacy preservation against existing gradient inversion attacks, and LRP outperforms 5 baseline defenses against a state-of-the-art gradient inversion attack. In addition, our defenses only incur minor accuracy reductions (less than 0.5%) of the global model. So they are effective in real applications.