mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
DreamMotion: Space-Time Self-Similar Score Distillation for Zero-Shot Video Editing
Authors: Jinho Chang, Geon Yeong Park, Jong Chul Ye* Hyeonho Jeong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Text-driven diffusion-based video editing presents a unique challenge not encountered in image editing literature: establishing real-world motion. Unlike existing video editing approaches, here we focus on score distillation sampling to circumvent the standard reverse diffusion process and initiate optimization from videos that already exhibit natural motion. Our analysis reveals that while video score distillation can effectively introduce new content indicated by target text, it can also cause significant structure and motion deviation. To counteract this, we propose to match the space-time self-similarities of the original video and the edited video during the score distillation. Thanks to the use of score distillation, our approach is model-agnostic, which can be applied for both cascaded and non-cascaded video diffusion frameworks. Through extensive comparisons with leading methods, our approach demonstrates its superiority in altering appearances while accurately preserving the original structure and motion."
VideoClusterNet: Self-Supervised and Adaptive Face Clustering for Videos
Authors: Pablo Garrido Devesh Walawalkar*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "With the rise of digital media content production, the need for analyzing movies and TV series episodes to locate the main cast of characters precisely is gaining importance.Specifically, Video Face Clustering aims to group together detected video face tracks with common facial identities. This problem is very challenging due to the large range of pose, expression, appearance, and lighting variations of a given face across video frames. Generic pre-trained Face Identification (ID) models fail to adapt well to the video production domain, given its high dynamic range content and also unique cinematic style. Furthermore, traditional clustering algorithms depend on hyperparameters requiring individual tuning across datasets. In this paper, we present a novel video face clustering approach that learns to adapt a generic face ID model to new video face tracks in a fully self-supervised fashion. We also propose a parameter-free clustering algorithm that is capable of automatically adapting to the finetuned model’s embedding space for any input video. Due to the lack of comprehensive movie face clustering benchmarks, we also present a first-of-kind movie dataset: MovieFaceCluster. Our dataset is handpicked by film industry professionals and contains extremely challenging face ID scenarios. Experiments show our method’s effectiveness in handling difficult mainstream movie scenes on our benchmark dataset and state-of-the-art performance on traditional TV series datasets."
Unveiling Privacy Risks in Stochastic Neural Networks Training: Effective Image Reconstruction from Gradients
Authors: Xiangyu Yang, Nikos Deligiannis Yiming Chen*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Federated Learning (FL) provides a framework for collaborative training of deep learning models while preserving data privacy by avoiding sharing the training data. However, recent studies have shown that a malicious server can reconstruct training data from the shared gradients of traditional neural networks (NNs) in FL, via Gradient Inversion Attacks (GIAs) that emulate the client’s training process. Contrary to earlier beliefs that Stochastic Neural Networks (SNNs) are immune to such attacks due to their stochastic nature (which makes the training process challenging to mimic), our findings reveal that SNNs are equally susceptible to GIAs as SNN gradients contain the information of stochastic components, allowing attackers to reconstruct and disclose those uncertain components. In this work, we play the role of an attacker and propose a novel attack method, named Inverting Stochasticity from Gradients (ISG), that can successfully reconstruct the training data by formulating the stochastic training process of SNNs as a variant of the traditional NN training process. Furthermore, to improve the fidelity of the reconstructed data, we introduce a feature constraint strategy. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our GIA and suggest that perturbation-based defenses in forward propagation, such as using SNNs, fail to secure models against GIAs inherently."
Controlling the World by Sleight of Hand
Authors: Ruoshi Liu, Basile Van Hoorick, Carl Vondrick, Richard Zemel Sruthi Sudhakar*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Humans naturally build mental models of object interactions and dynamics, allowing them to imagine how their surroundings will change if they take a certain action. While generative models today have shown impressive results on generating/editing images unconditionally or conditioned on text, current methods do not provide the ability to perform object manipulation conditioned on actions, an important tool for world modeling and action planning. Therefore, we propose to learn an action-conditional generative models by learning from unlabeled videos of human hands interacting with objects. The vast quantity of such data on the internet allows for efficient scaling which can enable high-performing action-conditional models. Given an image, and the shape/location of a desired hand interaction, , synthesizes an image of a future after the interaction has occurred. Experiments show that the resulting model can predict the effects of hand-object interactions well, with strong generalization particularly to translation, stretching, and squeezing interactions of unseen objects in unseen environments. Further, can be sampled many times to predict multiple possible effects, modeling the uncertainty of forces in the interaction/environment. Finally, method generalizes to different embodiments, including non-human hands, i.e. robot hands, suggesting that generative video models can be powerful models for robotics."
Hiding Imperceptible Noise in Curvature-Aware Patches for 3D Point Cloud Attack
Authors: Daizong Liu, Keke Tang, Pan Zhou, Lixing Chen, Junyang Chen Mingyu Yang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "With the maturity of depth sensors, point clouds have received increasing attention in various 3D safety-critical applications, while deep point cloud learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Most existing 3D attackers rely on implicit global distance losses to perturb whole points, failing to restrict the proper 3D geometry as point clouds are highly structured. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel Wavelet Patches Attack (WPA), which leverages local spectral attributes to identify curvature-aware patches for hiding imperceptible perturbations aligned with their local geometric characteristics. Specifically, WPA first transforms the point cloud into the spectral domain using a wavelet operator, obtaining potential geometric structures in different local regions. Each wavelet corresponds to different curvature contexts of local points. Then, by decomposing the 3D object with different curvature-aware levels through the wavelet coefficients, we can perceive the local geometric characteristics and get various curvature-consistent patches. At last, based on the curvature variations of patches, WPA introduces two-type perturbations along the tangent plane and normal vector direction to hide imperceptible noise in slow- and fast-variation patches for preserving the geometric-sensitive local characteristics of smoothness and sharpness, respectively. Experiments demonstrate the superior imperceptibility of our attack method, achieving favorable results on existing 3D classification models while exhibiting robust resistance to various defense mechanisms."
Interleaving One-Class and Weakly-Supervised Models with Adaptive Thresholding for Unsupervised Video Anomaly Detection
Authors: Hao Huang, Chengjiang Long, Qing Zhang, Pradipta Maji, Hongmin Cai* Yongwei Nie
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has been extensively studied under the settings of One-Class Classification (OCC) and Weakly-Supervised learning (WS), which however both require laborious human-annotated normal/abnormal labels. In this paper, we study Unsupervised VAD (UVAD) that does not depend on any label by combining OCC and WS into a unified training framework. Specifically, we extend OCC to weighted OCC (wOCC) and propose a wOCC-WS interleaving training module, where the two models automatically generate pseudo-labels for each other. We face two challenges to make the combination effective: (1) Models’ performance fluctuates occasionally during the training process due to the inevitable randomness of the pseudo labels. (2) Thresholds are needed to divide pseudo labels, making the training depend on the accuracy of user intervention. For the first problem, we propose to use wOCC requiring soft labels instead of OCC trained with hard zero/one labels, as soft labels exhibit high consistency throughout different training cycles while hard labels are prone to sudden changes. For the second problem, we repeat the interleaving training module multiple times, during which we propose an adaptive thresholding strategy that can progressively refine a rough threshold to a relatively optimal threshold, which reduces the influence of user interaction. A benefit of employing OCC and WS methods to compose a UVAD method is that we can incorporate the most recent OCC or WS model into our framework. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed UVAD framework. Our code is available at https://github.com/benedictstar/Joint-VAD."
Cross-Domain Learning for Video Anomaly Detection with Limited Supervision
Authors: Ali Dabouei*, Min Xu* Yashika Jain
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) automates the identification of unusual events, such as security threats in surveillance videos. In real-world applications, VAD models must effectively operate in cross-domain settings, identifying rare anomalies and scenarios not well-represented in the training data. However, existing cross-domain VAD methods focus on unsupervised learning, resulting in performance that falls short of real-world expectations. Since acquiring weak supervision, , video-level labels, for the source domain is cost-effective, we conjecture that combining it with external unlabeled data has notable potential to enhance cross-domain performance. To this end, we introduce a novel weakly-supervised framework for Cross-Domain Learning (CDL) in VAD that incorporates external data during training by estimating its prediction bias and adaptively minimizing that using the predicted uncertainty. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CDL framework through comprehensive experiments conducted in various configurations on two large-scale VAD datasets: UCF-Crime and XD-Violence. Our method significantly surpasses the state-of-the-art works in cross-domain evaluations, achieving an average absolute improvement of 19.6% on UCF-Crime and 12.87% on XD-Violence."
YOLOv9: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Information
Authors: I-Hau Yeh, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao Chien-Yao Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Today’s deep learning methods focus on how to design the objective functions to make the prediction as close as possible to the target. Meanwhile, an appropriate neural network architecture has to be designed. Existing methods ignore a fact that when input data undergoes layer-by-layer feature transformation, large amount of information will be lost. This paper delve into the important issues of information bottleneck and reversible functions. We proposed the concept of programmable gradient information (PGI) to cope with the various changes required by deep networks to achieve multiple objectives. PGI can provide complete input information for the target task to calculate objective function, so that reliable gradient information can be obtained to update network parameters. In addition, a lightweight network architecture – Generalized Efficient Layer Aggregation Network (GELAN) is designed. GELAN confirms that PGI has gained superior results on lightweight models. We verified the proposed GELAN and PGI on MS COCO object detection dataset. The results show that GELAN only uses conventional convolution operators to achieve better parameter utilization than the state-of-the-art methods developed based on depth-wise convolution. PGI can be used for variety of models from lightweight to large. It can be used to obtain complete information, so that train-from-scratch models can achieve better results than state-of-the-art models pre-trained using large datasets, the comparison results are shown in Figure ??. The source codes are released at https://github.com/WongKinYiu/yolov9."
Unsupervised Multi-modal Medical Image Registration via Invertible Translation
Authors: Mengjie Guo*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In medical imaging, the alignment of multi-modal images plays a critical role in providing comprehensive information for image-guided therapies. Despite its importance, multi-modal image registration poses significant challenges due to the complex and often unknown spatial relationships between different image modalities. To address this, we introduce a novel unsupervised translation-based multi-modal registration method, termed Invertible Neural Network-based Registration (INNReg). INNReg consists of an image-to-image translation network that converts multi-modal images into mono-modal counterparts and a registration network that uses the translated mono-modal images to align the multi-modal images. Specifically, to ensure the preservation of geometric consistency after image translation, we introduce an Invertible Neural Network (INN) that leverages a dynamic depthwise convolution-based local attention mechanism. Additionally, we design a novel barrier loss function based on Normalized Mutual Information to impose constraints on the registration network, which enhances the registration accuracy. The superior performance of INNReg is demonstrated through experiments on two public multi-modal medical image datasets, including MRI T1/T2 and MRI/CT pairs. The code is available at https://github.com/MeggieGuo/ INNReg."
Functional Transform-Based Low-Rank Tensor Factorization for Multi-Dimensional Data Recovery
Authors: Xi-Le Zhao* Jian-Li Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recently, the transform-based low-rank tensor factorization (t-LRTF) has emerged as a promising tool for multi-dimensional data recovery. However, the discrete transforms along the third (, temporal/spectral) dimension are dominating in existing t-LRTF methods, which hinders their performance in addressing temporal/spectral degeneration scenarios, , video frame interpolation and multispectral image (MSI) spectral super-resolution. To overcome this barrier, we propose a Functional Transform-based Low-Rank Tensor Factorization (FLRTF), where the learnable functional transform is expressed by the implicit neural representation with positional encodings. The continuity brought by this function allows FLRTF to capture the smoothness of data in the third dimension, which will benefit the recovery of temporal/spectral degeneration problems. To examine the effectiveness of FLRTF, we establish a general FLRTF-based multi-dimensional data recovery model. Experimental results, including video frame interpolation/extrapolation, MSI band interpolation, and MSI spectral super-resolution tasks, substantiate that FLRTF has superior performance as compared with representative data recovery methods."
CRM: Single Image to 3D Textured Mesh with Convolutional Reconstruction Model
Authors: Yikai Wang, Yifei Chen, Chendong Xiang, Shuo Chen, Dajiang Yu, Chongxuan Li, Hang Su, Jun Zhu Zhengyi Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Feed-forward 3D generative models like the Large Reconstruction Model (LRM) [?] have demonstrated exceptional generation speed. However, the transformer-based methods do not leverage the geometric priors of the triplane component in their architecture, often leading to sub-optimal quality given the limited size of 3D data and slow training. In this work, we present the Convolutional Reconstruction Model (CRM), a high-fidelity feed-forward single image-to-3D generative model. Recognizing the limitations posed by sparse 3D data, we highlight the necessity of integrating geometric priors into network design. CRM builds on the key observation that the visualization of triplane exhibits spatial correspondence of six orthographic images. First, it generates six orthographic view images from a single input image, then feeds these images into a convolutional U-Net, leveraging its strong pixel-level alignment capabilities and significant bandwidth to create a high-resolution triplane. CRM further employs Flexicubes as geometric representation, facilitating direct end-to-end optimization on textured meshes. Overall, our model delivers a high-fidelity textured mesh from an image in just 10 seconds, without any test-time optimization."
Domain Reduction Strategy for Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging
Authors: In Cho, Daekyu Kwon, Seon Joo Kim* Hyunbo Shim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This paper presents a novel optimization-based method for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging that aims to reconstruct hidden scenes under general setups with significantly reduced reconstruction time. In NLOS imaging, the visible surfaces of the target objects are notably sparse. To mitigate unnecessary computations arising from empty regions, we design our method to render the transients through partial propagations from a continuously sampled set of points from the hidden space. Our method is capable of accurately and efficiently modeling the view-dependent reflectance using surface normals, which enables us to obtain surface geometry as well as albedo. In this pipeline, we propose a novel domain reduction strategy to eliminate superfluous computations in empty regions. During the optimization process, our domain reduction procedure periodically prunes the empty regions from our sampling domain in a coarse-to-fine manner, leading to substantial improvement in efficiency. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in various NLOS scenarios with sparse scanning patterns. Experiments conducted on both synthetic and real-world data support the efficacy in general NLOS scenarios, and the improved efficiency of our method compared to the previous optimization-based solutions. Our code is available at https://github.com/hyunbo9/domain-reduction-strategy."
HPE-Li: WiFi-enabled Lightweight Dual Selective Kernel Convolution for Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Tien Dac Lai, Thien Van Luong, Kok-Seng Wong, Van-Dinh Nguyen* Toan D. Gian
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "WiFi-based human pose estimation (HPE) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional vision-based techniques, yet faces the high computational cost hindering its widespread adoption. This paper introduces a novel HPE-Li approach that harnesses multi-modal sensors (e.g. camera and WiFi) to generate accurate 3D skeletal in HPE. We then develop an efficient deep neural network to process raw WiFi signals. Our model incorporates a distinctive multi-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) empowered by a selective kernel attention (SKA) mechanism. Unlike standard CNNs with fixed receptive fields, the SKA mechanism is capable of dynamically adjusting kernel sizes according to input data characteristics, enhancing adaptability without increasing complexity. Extensive experiments conducted on two MM-Fi and WiPose datasets underscore the superiority of our method over state-of-the-art approaches, while ensuring minimal computational overhead, rendering it highly suitable for large-scale scenarios."
Cut out the Middleman: Revisiting Pose-based Gait Recognition
Authors: Saihui Hou*, Shibei Meng, Xuecai Hu*, Chunshui Cao, Xu Liu, Yongzhen Huang Yang Fu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recent pose-based gait recognition methods, which utilize human skeletons as the model input, have demonstrated significant potential in handling variations in clothing and occlusions. However, methods relying on such skeleton to encode pose are constrained mainly by two problems: (1) poor performance caused by the shape loss, and (2) lack of generalizability. Addressing these limitations, we revisit pose-based gait recognition and develop GaitHeat, a heatmap-based framework that largely enhances performance and robustness by utilizing a new modality to encode pose rather than keypoint coordinates. We make our efforts from two aspects, the pipeline and the extraction of multi-channel heatmap features. Specifically, the process of resizing and centering is performed in the RGB space to largely preserve the integrity of heatmap information. To boost the generalization across various datasets further, we propose a pose-guided heatmap alignment module to eliminate the influence of gait-irrelevant covariates. Furthermore, a global-local network incorporating an efficient fusion branch is designed to improve the extraction of semantic information. Compared to skeleton-based methods, GaitHeat exhibits superior performance in learning gait features and demonstrates effective generalization across different datasets. Experiments on three datasets reveal that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results for pose-based gait recognition, comparable to that of silhouette-based approaches. All the source code is available at https://github.com/BNU-IVC/FastPoseGait."
HiEI: A Universal Framework for Generating High-quality Emerging Images from Natural Images
Authors: Lukang Fu, Surun Yang, Hui Wei* Jingmeng Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Emerging images (EIs) are a type of stylized image that consists of discrete speckles with irregular shapes and sizes, colored only in black and white. EIs have significant applications that can contribute to the study of perceptual organization in cognitive psychology and serve as a CAPTCHA mechanism. However, generating high-quality EIs from natural images faces the following challenges: 1) color quantization–how to minimize perceptual loss when reducing the color space of a natural image to 1-bit; 2) perceived difficulty adjustment–how to adjust the perceived difficulty for object detection and recognition. This paper proposes a universal framework HiEI to generate high-quality EIs from natural images, which contains three modules: the human-centered color quantification module (TTNet), the perceived difficulty control (PDC) module, and the template vectorization (TV) module. TTNet and PDC modules are specifically designed to address the aforementioned challenges. Experimental results show that compared to the existing EI generation methods, HiEI can generate EIs with superior content and style quality while offering more flexibility in controlling perceived difficulty. In particular, we experimently demonstrate that EIs generated by HiEI can effectively defend against attacks from deep network-based visual models, confirming their viability as a CAPTCHA mechanism."
High-Precision Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Rich-Resource Prior
Authors: Wencheng Han Jianbing Shen*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In the area of self-supervised monocular depth estimation, models that utilize rich-resource inputs, such as high-resolution and multi-frame inputs, typically achieve better performance than models that use ordinary single image input. However, these rich-resource inputs may not always be available, limiting the applicability of these methods in general scenarios. In this paper, we propose Rich-resource Prior Depth estimator (RPrDepth), which only requires single input image during the inference phase but can still produce highly accurate depth estimations comparable to rich-resource based methods. Specifically, we treat rich-resource data as prior information and extract features from it as reference features in an offline manner. When estimating the depth for a single-image image, we search for similar pixels from the rich-resource features and use them as prior information to estimate the depth. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperform other single-image model and can achieve comparable or even better performance than models with rich-resource inputs, only using low-resolution single-image input."
SGS-SLAM: Semantic Gaussian Splatting For Neural Dense SLAM
Authors: Shuhong Liu, Heng Zhou, Guohao Zhu, Na Cheng, Tianchen Deng, Hongyu Wang* Mingrui Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present SGS-SLAM, the first semantic visual SLAM system based on Gaussian Splatting. It incorporates appearance, geometry, and semantic features through multi-channel optimization, addressing the oversmoothing limitations of neural implicit SLAM systems in high-quality rendering, scene understanding, and object-level geometry. We introduce a unique semantic feature loss that effectively compensates for the shortcomings of traditional depth and color losses in object optimization. Through a semantic-guided keyframe selection strategy, we prevent erroneous reconstructions caused by cumulative errors. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SGS-SLAM delivers state-of-the-art performance in camera pose estimation, map reconstruction, precise semantic segmentation, and object-level geometric accuracy, while ensuring real-time rendering capabilities."
View Selection for 3D Captioning via Diffusion Ranking
Authors: Justin Johnson, Honglak Lee Tiange Luo*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Scalable annotation approaches are crucial for constructing extensive 3D-text datasets, facilitating a broader range of applications. However, existing methods sometimes lead to the generation of hallucinated captions, compromising caption quality. This paper explores the issue of hallucination in 3D object captioning, with a focus on Cap3D [?] method, which renders 3D objects into 2D views for captioning using pre-trained models. We pinpoint a major challenge: certain rendered views of 3D objects are atypical, deviating from the training data of standard image captioning models and causing hallucinations. To tackle this, we present DiffuRank, a method that leverages a pre-trained text-to-3D model to assess the alignment between 3D objects and their 2D rendered views, where the view with high alignment closely represent the object’s characteristics. By ranking all rendered views and feeding the top-ranked ones into GPT4-Vision, we enhance the accuracy and detail of captions, enabling the correction of 200k captions in the Cap3D dataset and extending it to 1 million captions across the entire Objaverse dataset and a portion of the Objaverse-XL high-quality subset. Additionally, our dataset includes 20 rendered images per caption, providing both intrinsic and extrinsic camera details, depth data, and masks, resulting in a total of 60 million PNG images. Beyond datasets, we showcase the adaptability of DiffuRank by applying it to pre-trained text-to-image models for a Visual Question Answering task, where it outperforms the CLIP model."
OmniSSR: Zero-shot Omnidirectional Image Super-Resolution using Stable Diffusion Model
Authors: Xuhan Sheng, Weiqi Li, Jian Zhang* Runyi Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Omnidirectional images (ODIs) are commonly used in real-world visual tasks, and high-resolution ODIs help improve the performance of related visual tasks. Most existing super-resolution methods for ODIs use end-to-end learning strategies, resulting in inferior realness of generated images and a lack of effective out-of-domain generalization capabilities in training methods. Image generation methods represented by diffusion model provide strong priors for visual tasks and have been proven to be effectively applied to image restoration tasks. Leveraging the image priors of the Stable Diffusion (SD) model, we achieve omnidirectional image Super Resolution with both fidelity and realness, dubbed as OmniSSR. Firstly, we transform the equirectangular projection (ERP) images into tangent projection (TP) images, whose distribution approximates the planar image domain. Then, we use SD to iteratively sample initial high-resolution results. At each denoising iteration, we further correct and update the initial results using the proposed Octadecaplex Tangent Information Interaction (OTII) and Gradient Decomposition (GD) technique to ensure better consistency. Finally, the TP images are transformed back to obtain the final high-resolution results. Our method is zero-shot, requiring no training or fine-tuning. Experiments of our method on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method."
UDiffText: A Unified Framework for High-quality Text Synthesis in Arbitrary Images via Character-aware Diffusion Models
Authors: Zhouhui Lian* Yiming Zhao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Text-to-Image (T2I) generation based on diffusion models has garnered significant attention in the last few years. Although these image synthesis methods produce visually appealing results, they frequently exhibit spelling errors when rendering text within the generated images. Such errors manifest as missing, incorrect or extraneous characters, thereby severely constraining the performance of text image generation based on diffusion models. To address the aforementioned issue, this paper proposes a novel approach for text image generation, utilizing a pre-trained diffusion model (i.e., Stable Diffusion). Our approach involves the design and training of a light-weight character-level text encoder, which replaces the original CLIP encoder and provides more robust text embeddings as conditional guidance. Then, we fine-tune the diffusion model using a large-scale dataset, incorporating local attention control under the supervision of character-level segmentation maps. Finally, by employing an inference stage refinement process, we achieve a notably high sequence accuracy when synthesizing text in arbitrarily given images. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the superiority of our method to the state of the art. Furthermore, we showcase several potential applications of the proposed UDiffText, including text-centric image synthesis, scene text inpainting, etc. Our code and model are available at https://github.com/ZYM-PKU/UDiffText."
Confidence Self-Calibration for Multi-Label Class-Incremental Learning
Authors: Yifan Zhou, Fan Lyu, Yuyang Li, Chen Lu, Guangcan Liu* Kaile Du*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The partial label challenge in Multi-Label Class-Incremental Learning (MLCIL) arises when only the new classes are labeled during training, while past and future labels remain unavailable. This issue leads to a proliferation of false-positive errors due to erroneously high confidence multi-label predictions, exacerbating catastrophic forgetting within the disjoint label space. In this paper, we aim to refine multi-label confidence calibration in MLCIL and propose a Confidence Self-Calibration (CSC) approach. Firstly, for label relationship calibration, we introduce a class-incremental graph convolutional network that bridges the isolated label spaces by constructing learnable, dynamically extended label relationship graph. Then, for confidence calibration, we present a max-entropy regularization for each multi-label increment, facilitating confidence self-calibration through the penalization of over-confident output distributions. Our approach attains new state-of-the-art results in MLCIL tasks on both MS-COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets, with the calibration of label confidences confirmed through our methodology. Our code is available at https://github.com/ Kaile-Du/CSC."
OMG: Occlusion-friendly Personalized Multi-concept Generation in Diffusion Models
Authors: Yong Zhang*, Tianyu Yang, Tao Wang, Kaihao Zhang, Bizhu Wu, Guanying Chen, Wei Liu, Wenhan Luo* Zhe Kong*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Personalization is an important topic in text-to-image generation, especially the challenging multi-concept personalization. Current multi-concept methods are struggling with identity preservation, occlusion, and the harmony between foreground and background. In this work, we propose OMG, an occlusion-friendly personalized generation framework designed to seamlessly integrate multiple concepts within a single image. We propose a novel two-stage sampling solution. The first stage takes charge of layout generation and visual comprehension information collection for handling occlusions. The second one utilizes the acquired visual comprehension information and the designed noise blending to integrate multiple concepts while considering occlusions. We also observe that the initiation denoising timestep for noise blending is the key to identity preservation and layout. Moreover, our method can be combined with various single-concept models, such as LoRA and InstantID without additional tuning. Especially, LoRA models on civitai.com can be exploited directly. Extensive experiments demonstrate that OMG exhibits superior performance in multi-concept personalization."
Versatile Incremental Learning: Towards Class and Domain-Agnostic Incremental Learning
Authors: Jae-Ho Lee, Gyeong-Moon Park* Min-Yeong Park
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Incremental Learning (IL) aims to accumulate knowledge from sequential input tasks while overcoming catastrophic forgetting. Existing IL methods typically assume that an incoming task has only increments of classes or domains, referred to as Class IL (CIL) or Domain IL (DIL), respectively. In this work, we consider a more challenging and realistic but under-explored IL scenario, named Versatile Incremental Learning (VIL), in which a model has no prior of which of the classes or domains will increase in the next task. In the proposed VIL scenario, the model faces intra-class domain confusion and inter-domain class confusion, which makes the model fail to accumulate new knowledge without interference with learned knowledge. To address these issues, we propose a simple yet effective IL framework, named Incremental Classifier with Adaptation Shift cONtrol (ICON). Based on shifts of learnable modules, we design a novel regularization method called Cluster-based Adaptation Shift conTrol (CAST) to control the model to avoid confusion with the previously learned knowledge and thereby accumulate the new knowledge more effectively. Moreover, we introduce an Incremental Classifier (IC) which expands its output nodes to address the overwriting issue from different domains corresponding to a single class while maintaining the previous knowledge. We conducted extensive experiments on three benchmarks, showcasing the effectiveness of our method across all the scenarios, particularly in cases where the next task can be randomly altered. Our implementation code is available at https://github.com/KHU-AGI/VIL."
WeCromCL: Weakly Supervised Cross-Modality Contrastive Learning for Transcription-only Supervised Text Spotting
Authors: Zhengyao Fang, Pengyuan Lyu, Chengquan Zhang, Fanglin Chen, Guangming Lu, Wenjie Pei* Jingjing Wu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Transcription-only Supervised Text Spotting aims to learn text spotters relying only on transcriptions but no text boundaries for supervision, thus eliminating expensive boundary annotation. The crux of this task lies in locating each transcription in scene text images without location annotations. In this work, we formulate this challenging problem as a Weakly Supervised Cross-modality Contrastive Learning problem, and design a simple yet effective model dubbed that is able to detect each transcription in a scene image in a weakly supervised manner. Unlike typical methods for cross-modality contrastive learning that focus on modeling the holistic semantic correlation between an entire image and a text description, our conducts atomistic contrastive learning to model the character-wise appearance consistency between a text transcription and its correlated region in a scene image to detect an anchor point for the transcription in a weakly supervised manner. The detected anchor points by are further used as pseudo location labels to guide the learning of text spotting. Extensive experiments on four challenging benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of our model over other methods. Code will be released."
An Incremental Unified Framework for Small Defect Inspection
Authors: Hao Lu, Xiaogang Xu, Ruizheng Wu, Sixing Hu, Tong Zhang, Tsz Wa Cheng, Ming Ge, Ying-Cong Chen*, Fugee Tsung Jiaqi Tang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven defect inspection is pivotal in industrial manufacturing. However, existing inspection systems are typically designed for specific industrial products and struggle with diverse product portfolios and evolving processes. Although some previous studies attempt to address object dynamics by storing embeddings in the reserved memory bank, these methods suffer from memory capacity limitations and object distribution conflicts. To tackle these issues, we propose the Incremental Unified Framework (IUF), which integrates incremental learning into a unified reconstruction-based detection method, thus eliminating the need for feature storage in the memory. Based on IUF, we introduce Object-Aware Self-Attention (OASA) to delineate distinct semantic boundaries. We also integrate Semantic Compression Loss (SCL) to optimize non-primary semantic space, enhancing network adaptability for new objects. Additionally, we prioritize retaining the features of established objects during weight updates. Demonstrating prowess in both image and pixel-level defect inspection, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance, supporting dynamic and scalable industrial inspections. Our code is released at https://github.com/jqtangust/IUF."
Enhancing Optimization Robustness in 1-bit Neural Networks through Stochastic Sign Descent
Authors: Hong Guo, Christoph Meinel, Haojin Yang NianHui Guo*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) offer a promising avenue toward achieving efficient deep-learning models but are hindered by the inherent challenge of aligning noisy floating-point gradients with binary parameters. To address this, we introduce Diode, a groundbreaking optimizer designed explicitly for BNNs that bridges this gap by utilizing the gradient’s sign information in a unique, latent-weight-free approach. By focusing on the gradient sign’s lower-order moment estimate for parameter updates, Diode uniformly fine-tunes binary parameters, significantly enhancing model convergence without the dependency on 32-bit latent weights or embedding buffers. This paper showcases Diode’s superior performance through comprehensive evaluations on a variety of vision and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Remarkably, Diode advances the state-of-the-art by increasing BNext-18 Top-1 accuracy on ImageNet ILSVRC2012 by 0.96% with eightfold fewer training iterations. In the case of ReActNet, Diode not only matches but slightly exceeds previous benchmarks without resorting to complex multi-stage optimization strategies, effectively halving the training duration. Additionally, Diode proves its robust generalization capability on the binary BERT architecture within the GLUE benchmark, outperforming the existing BiT design by 3.3% without data augmentation and establishing a new SOTA accuracy of 78.8% with augmentation. The implementation of Diode is available at: https://github.com/GreenBitAI/bitorch-engine."
Temporally Consistent Stereo Matching
Authors: Chengtang Yao, Yuwei Wu*, Yunde Jia Jiaxi Zeng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Stereo matching provides depth estimation from binocular images for downstream applications. These applications mostly take video streams as input and require temporally consistent depth maps. However, existing methods mainly focus on the estimation at the single-frame level. This commonly leads to temporally inconsistent results, especially in ill-posed regions. In this paper, we aim to leverage temporal information to improve the temporal consistency, accuracy, and efficiency of stereo matching. To achieve this, we formulate video stereo matching as a process of temporal disparity completion followed by continuous iterative refinements. Specifically, we first project the disparity of the previous timestamp to the current viewpoint, obtaining a semi-dense disparity map. Then, we complete this map through a disparity completion module to obtain a well-initialized disparity map. The state features from the current completion module and from the past refinement are fused together, providing a temporally coherent state for subsequent refinement. Based on this coherent state, we introduce a dual-space refinement module to iteratively refine the initialized result in both disparity and disparity gradient spaces, improving estimations in ill-posed regions. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method effectively alleviates temporal inconsistency while enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. Currently, our method ranks second on the KITTI 2015 benchmark, while achieving superior efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/jiaxiZeng/Temporally-Consistent-Stereo-Matching."
A Rotation-invariant Texture ViT for Fine-Grained Recognition of Esophageal Cancer Endoscopic Ultrasound Images
Authors: Shuaishuai S Zhuang, Jiacheng Nie, Geng Chen , Yusheng Guo, Guangquan Zhou*, Jean-Louis Coatrieux, Yang Chen* Tianyi Liu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is advantageous in perceiving hierarchical changes in the esophageal tract wall for diagnosing submucosal tumors. However, the lesions often disrupt the structural integrity and fine-grained texture information of the esophageal layer, impeding the accurate diagnosis. Moreover, the lesions can appear in any radial position due to the characteristics of EUS imaging, further increasing the difficulty of diagnosis. In this study, we advance an automatic classification model by equipping the Vision Transformer (ViT), a state-of-the-art(SOTA) model, with a novel statistical rotation-invariant reinforcement mechanism dubbed SRRM. Mainly, we adaptively select crucial regions to avoid interference from irrelevant information in the image. Also, this model integrates histogram statistical features with rotation invariance into the self-attention mechanism, achieving bias-free capture of fine-grained information of lesions at arbitrary radial positions. Validated by in-house clinical and public data, SRRM-ViT has demonstrated remarkable performance improvements, suggesting our approach’s efficacy and potential in EUS image classification.The source code is publicly available at: https://github.com/tianyiliu-lab/SRRM-ViT/."
BI-MDRG: Bridging Image History in Multimodal Dialogue Response Generation
Authors: Eunseop Yoon, Joshua Tian Jin Tee, Kang Zhang, Yu-Jung Heo, Du-Seong Chang, Chang D. Yoo* Hee Suk Yoon
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Multimodal Dialogue Response Generation (MDRG) is a recently proposed task where the model needs to generate responses in texts, images, or a blend of both based on the dialogue context. Due to the lack of a large-scale dataset specifically for this task and the benefits of leveraging powerful pre-trained models, previous work relies on the text modality as an intermediary step for both the image input and output of the model rather than adopting an end-to-end approach. However, this approach can overlook crucial information about the image, hindering 1) image-grounded text response and 2) consistency of objects in the image response. In this paper, we propose BI-MDRG that bridges the response generation path such that the image history information is utilized for enhanced relevance of text responses to the image content and the consistency of objects in sequential image responses. Through extensive experiments on the multimodal dialogue benchmark dataset, we show that BI-MDRG can effectively increase the quality of multimodal dialogue. Additionally, recognizing the gap in benchmark datasets for evaluating the image consistency in multimodal dialogue, we have created a curated set of 300 dialogues annotated to track object consistency across conversations. The code and the dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/hee-suk-yoon/BI-MDRG."
Adapting Fine-Grained Cross-View Localization to Areas without Fine Ground Truth
Authors: Yujiao Shi, Hongdong Li, Julian F. P. Kooij Zimin Xia*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Given a ground-level query image and a geo-referenced aerial image that covers the query’s local surroundings, fine-grained cross-view localization aims to estimate the location of the ground camera inside the aerial image. Recent works have focused on developing advanced networks trained with accurate ground truth (GT) locations of ground images. However, the trained models always suffer a performance drop when applied to images in a new target area that differs from training. In most deployment scenarios, acquiring fine GT, accurate GT locations, for target-area images to re-train the network can be expensive and sometimes infeasible. In contrast, collecting images with noisy GT with errors of tens of meters is often easy. Motivated by this, our paper focuses on improving the performance of a trained model in a new target area by leveraging only the target-area images without fine GT. We propose a weakly supervised learning approach based on knowledge self-distillation. This approach uses predictions from a pre-trained model as pseudo GT to supervise a copy of itself. Our approach includes a mode-based pseudo GT generation for reducing uncertainty in pseudo GT and an outlier filtering method to remove unreliable pseudo GT. Our approach is validated using two recent state-of-the-art models on two benchmarks. The results demonstrate that it consistently and considerably boosts the localization accuracy in the target area."