mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
PFGS: High Fidelity Point Cloud Rendering via Feature Splatting
Authors: Zhang Ziyi, Junhao He, Renjing Xu* Jiaxu Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Rendering high-fidelity images from sparse point clouds is still challenging. Existing learning-based approaches suffer from either hole artifacts, missing details, or expensive computations. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to render high-quality images from sparse points. This method first attempts to bridge the 3D Gaussian Splatting and point cloud rendering, which includes several cascaded modules. We first use a regressor to estimate Gaussian properties in a point-wise manner, the estimated properties are used to rasterize neural feature descriptors into 2D planes which are extracted from a multiscale extractor. The projected feature volume is gradually decoded toward the final prediction via a multiscale and progressive decoder. The whole pipeline experiences a two-stage training and is driven by our well-designed progressive and multiscale reconstruction loss. Experiments on different benchmarks show the superiority of our method in terms of rendering qualities and the necessities of our main components. 1 . 1 Project page: https://github.com/Mercerai/PFGS"
Few-Shot Anomaly-Driven Generation for Anomaly Classification and Segmentation
Authors: Bin-Bin Gao*, Jun Liu, Chengjie Wang, Yunsheng Wu Guan Gui
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Anomaly detection is a practical and challenging task due to the scarcity of anomaly samples in industrial inspection. Some existing anomaly detection methods address this issue by synthesizing anomalies with noise or external data. However, there is always a large semantic gap between synthetic and real-world anomalies, resulting in weak performance in anomaly detection. To solve the problem, we propose a few-shot Anomaly-driven Generation (AnoGen) method, which guides the diffusion model to generate realistic and diverse anomalies with only a few real anomalies, thereby benefiting training anomaly detection models. Specifically, our work is divided into three stages. In the first stage, we learn the anomaly distribution based on a few given real anomalies and inject the learned knowledge into an embedding. In the second stage, we use the embedding and given bounding boxes to guide the diffusion model to generate realistic and diverse anomalies on specific objects (or textures). In the final stage, we propose a weakly-supervised anomaly detection method to train a more powerful model with generated anomalies. Our method builds upon DRAEM and DesTSeg as the foundation model and conducts experiments on the commonly used industrial anomaly detection dataset, MVTec. The experiments demonstrate that our generated anomalies effectively improve the model performance of both anomaly classification and segmentation tasks simultaneously, , DRAEM and DseTSeg achieved a 5.8% and 1.5% improvement in AU-PR metric on segmentation task, respectively. The code and generated anomalous data are available at https://github.com/gaobb/AnoGen."
E3M: Zero-Shot Spatio-Temporal Video Grounding with Expectation-Maximization Multimodal Modulation
Authors: Zihao Shao, Wenhan Yang, Boon Poh Ng, Alex Kot Peijun Bao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Spatio-temporal video grounding aims to localize the spatio-temporal tube in a video according to the given language query. To eliminate the annotation costs, we make a first exploration to tackle spatio-temporal video grounding in a zero-shot manner. Our method dispenses with the need for any training videos or annotations; instead, it localizes the target object by leveraging pre-trained vision-language models and optimizing within the video and text query during the test time. To enable spatio-temporal comprehension, we introduce a multimodal modulation that integrates the spatio-temporal context into both visual and textual representation. On the visual side, we devise a context-based visual modulation that enhances the visual representation by propagation and aggregation of the contextual semantics. Concurrently, on the textual front, we propose a prototype-based textual modulation to refine the textual representations using visual prototypes, effectively mitigating the cross-modal discrepancy. In addition, to overcome the interleaved spatio-temporal dilemma, we propose an expectation maximization (EM) framework to optimize the process of temporal relevance estimation and spatial region identification in an alternating way. Comprehensive experiments validate that our zero-shot approach achieves superior performance in comparison to several state-of-the-art methods with stronger supervision. The code is available at https://github.com/baopj/E3M."
EMO: Emote Portrait Alive - Generating Expressive Portrait Videos with Audio2Video Diffusion Model under Weak Conditions
Authors: Qi Wang*, Bang Zhang*, Liefeng Bo* Linrui Tian*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this work, we tackle the challenge of enhancing the realism and expressiveness in talking head video generation by focusing on the dynamic and nuanced relationship between audio cues and facial movements. We identify the limitations of traditional techniques that often fail to capture the full spectrum of human expressions and the uniqueness of individual facial styles. To address these issues, we propose EMO, a novel framework that utilizes a direct audio-to-video synthesis approach, bypassing the need for intermediate 3D models or facial landmarks. Our method ensures seamless frame transitions and consistent identity preservation throughout the video, resulting in highly expressive and lifelike animations. Experimental results demonstrate that EMO is able to produce not only convincing speaking videos but also singing videos in various styles, significantly outperforming existing state-of-the-art methodologies in terms of expressiveness and realism."
LMT-GP: Combined Latent Mean-Teacher and Gaussian Process for Semi-supervised Low-light Image Enhancement
Authors: Fengxin Chen, Jun Yu*, Zhen Kan Ye Yu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "While recent low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods have made significant advancements, they still face challenges in terms of low visual quality and weak generalization ability when applied to complex scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a semi-supervised method based on latent mean-teacher and Gaussian process, named LMT-GP. We first design a latent mean-teacher framework that integrates both labeled and unlabeled data, as well as their latent vectors, into model training. Meanwhile, we use a mean-teacher-assisted Gaussian process learning strategy to establish a connection between the latent and pseudo-latent vectors obtained from the labeled and unlabeled data. To guide the learning process, we utilize an assisted Gaussian process regression (GPR) loss function. Furthermore, we design a pseudo-label adaptation module (PAM) to ensure the reliability of the network learning. To demonstrate our method’s generalization ability and effectiveness, we apply it to multiple LLIE datasets and high-level vision tasks. Experiment results demonstrate that our method achieves high generalization performance and image quality. The code is available at https://github.com/HFUT-CV/LMT-GP"
"Veil Privacy on Visual Data: Concealing Privacy for Humans, Unveiling for DNNs"
Authors: Ruhao Ma, Bing Li*, Yongbin Zhou, Yazhou Yao Shuchao Pang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Privacy laws like GDPR necessitate effective approaches to safeguard data privacy. Existing works on data privacy protection of DNNs mainly concentrated on the model training phase. However, these approaches become impractical when dealing with the outsourcing of sensitive data. Furthermore, they have encountered significant challenges in balancing the utility-privacy trade-off. How can we generate privacy-preserving surrogate data suitable for usage or sharing without a substantial performance loss? In this paper, we concentrate on a realistic scenario, where sensitive data must be entrusted to a third party for the development of a deep learning service. We introduce a straightforward yet highly effective framework for the practical protection of privacy in visual data via veiled examples. Our underlying concept involves segregating the privacy information present in images into two distinct categories: the privacy information perceptible at the human visual level (, Human-perceptible Info) and the latent features recognized by DNN models during training and prediction (, DNN-perceptible Info). Compared with the original data, the veiled data conserves the latent features while obfuscating the visual privacy information. Just like a learnable veil that is usable for DNNs but invisible for humans, the veiled data can be used for training and prediction of models. More importantly, models trained with the veiled data can effectively recognize the original data. Extensive evaluations of various datasets and models show the effectiveness and security of the Veil Privacy framework."
Efficient Vision Transformers with Partial Attention
Authors: Duy-Linh Nguyen, Adri Priadana, Kang-Hyun Jo* Xuan-Thuy Vo*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "As a core of Vision Transformer (ViT), self-attention has high versatility in modeling long-range spatial interactions because every query attends to all spatial locations. Although ViT achieves promising performance in visual tasks, self-attention’s complexity is quadratic with token lengths. This leads to challenging problems when adapting ViT models to downstream tasks that require high input resolutions. Previous arts have tried to solve this problem by introducing sparse attention such as spatial reduction attention, and window attention. One common point of these methods is that all image/window tokens are joined during computing attention weights. In this paper, we find out that there exist high similarities between attention weights and incur computation redundancy. To address this issue, this paper introduces novel attention, called partial attention, that learns spatial interactions more efficiently, by reducing redundant information in attention maps. Each query in our attention only interacts with a small set of relevant tokens. Based on partial attention, we propose an efficient and general vision Transformer, named PartialFormer, that attains good trade-offs between accuracy and computational costs across vision tasks. For example, on ImageNet-1K, PartialFormer-B3 surpasses Swin-T by 1.7% Top-1 accuracy while saving 25% GFLOPs, and Focal-T by 0.8% while saving 30% GFLOPs."
Generalized Coverage for More Robust Low-Budget Active Learning
Authors: Junhyug Noh, Danica J. Sutherland* Wonho Bae
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The ProbCover method of Yehuda et al. is a well-motivated algorithm for active learning in low-budget regimes, which attempts to “cover” the data distribution with balls of a given radius at selected data points. We demonstrate, however, that the performance of this algorithm is extremely sensitive to the choice of this radius hyper-parameter, and that tuning it is quite difficult, with the original heuristic frequently failing. We thus introduce (and theoretically motivate) a generalized notion of “coverage,” including ProbCover’s objective as a special case, but also allowing smoother notions that are far more robust to hyper-parameter choice. We propose an efficient greedy method to optimize this coverage, generalizing ProbCover’s algorithm; due to its close connection to kernel herding, we call it “MaxHerding.” The objective can also be optimized non-greedily through a variant of k-medoids, clarifying the relationship to other low-budget active learning methods. In comprehensive experiments, MaxHerding surpasses existing active learning methods across multiple low-budget image classification benchmarks, and does so with less computational cost than most competitive methods."
Rasterized Edge Gradients: Handling Discontinuities Differentially
Authors: Tomas Simon, Gabriel Schwartz, He Wen, Yaser Sheikh, Jason Saragih Stanislav Pidhorskyi*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Computing the gradients of a rendering process is paramount for diverse applications in computer vision and graphics. However, accurate computation of these gradients is challenging due to discontinuities and rendering approximations, particularly for surface-based representations and rasterization-based rendering. We present a novel method for computing gradients at visibility discontinuities for rasterization-based differentiable renderers. Our method elegantly simplifies the traditionally complex problem through a carefully designed approximation strategy, allowing for a straightforward, effective, and performant solution. We introduce a novel concept of micro-edges, which allows us to treat the rasterized images as outcomes of a differentiable, continuous process aligned with the inherently non-differentiable, discrete-pixel rasterization. This technique eliminates the necessity for rendering approximations or other modifications to the forward pass, preserving the integrity of the rendered image, which makes it applicable to rasterized masks, depth, and normals images where filtering is prohibitive. Utilizing micro-edges simplifies gradient interpretation at discontinuities and enables handling of geometry intersections, offering an advantage over the prior art. We showcase our method in dynamic human head scene reconstruction, demonstrating effective handling of camera images and segmentation masks."
Enhancing Cross-Subject fMRI-to-Video Decoding with Global-Local Functional Alignment
Authors: Xuelin Qian, Yun Wang, Jingyang Huo, Xiangyang Xue*, Yanwei Fu*, Jianfeng Feng Chong Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Advancements in brain imaging enable the decoding of thoughts and intentions from neural activities. However, the fMRI-to-video decoding of brain signals across multiple subjects encounters challenges arising from structural and coding disparities among individual brains, further compounded by the scarcity of paired fMRI-stimulus data. Addressing this issue, this paper introduces the fMRI Global-Local Functional Alignment (GLFA) projection, a novel approach that aligns fMRI frames from diverse subjects into a unified brain space, thereby enhancing cross-subject decoding. Additionally, we present a meticulously curated fMRI-video paired dataset comprising a total of 75k fMRI-stimulus paired samples from 8 individuals. This dataset is approximately 4.5 times larger than the previous benchmark dataset. Building on this, we augment a transformer-based fMRI encoder with a diffusion video generator, delving into the realm of cross-subject fMRI-based video reconstruction. This innovative methodology faithfully captures semantic information from diverse brain signals, resulting in the generation of vivid videos and achieving an impressive average accuracy of 84.7% in cross-subject semantic classification tasks."
FedTSA: A Cluster-based Two-Stage Aggregation Method for Model-heterogeneous Federated Learning
Authors: Chenrui Wu, Xiang Su, Pan HUI Boyu Fan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Despite extensive research into data heterogeneity in federated learning (FL), system heterogeneity remains a significant yet often overlooked challenge. Traditional FL approaches typically assume homogeneous hardware resources across FL clients, implying that clients can train a global model within a comparable time frame. However, in practical FL systems, clients often have heterogeneous resources, which impacts their training capacity. This discrepancy underscores the importance of exploring model-heterogeneous FL, a paradigm allowing clients to train different models based on their resource capabilities. To address this challenge, we introduce FedTSA, a cluster-based two-stage aggregation method tailored for system heterogeneity in FL. FedTSA begins by clustering clients based on their capabilities, then performs a two-stage aggregation: conventional weight averaging for homogeneous models in Stage 1, and deep mutual learning with a diffusion model for aggregating heterogeneous models in Stage 2. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FedTSA not only outperforms the baselines but also explores various factors influencing model performance, validating FedTSA as a promising approach for model-heterogeneous FL."
LLaVA-UHD: an LMM Perceiving any Aspect Ratio and High-Resolution Images
Authors: Ruyi Xu, Yuan Yao*, Junbo Cui, Zanlin Ni, Chunjiang Ge, Tat-Seng Chua, Zhiyuan Liu, Gao Huang* Zonghao Guo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Visual encoding constitutes the basis of large multimodal models (LMMs) in understanding the visual world. Conventional LMMs process images in fixed sizes and limited resolutions, while recent explorations in this direction are limited in adaptivity, efficiency, and even correctness. In this work, we first take GPT-4V and LLaVA 1.5 as representative examples and expose systematic flaws rooted in their visual encoding strategy. To address the challenges, we present LLaVA-UHD, a large multimodal model that can efficiently perceive images in any aspect ratio and high resolution. LLaVA-UHD includes three key components: (1) An image modularization strategy that divides native-resolution images into smaller variable-sized slices for efficient and extensible encoding, (2) a compression module that further condenses image tokens from visual encoders, and (3) a spatial schema to organize slice tokens for LLMs. Comprehensive experiments show that LLaVA-UHD outperforms established LMMs trained with 2-3 orders of magnitude more data on black8 benchmarks. Notably, our model built on LLaVA-1.5 336×336 supports 6 times larger (i.e., 672×1008) resolution images, and achieves 5.7 accuracy improvement on TextVQA."
Learning Natural Consistency Representation for Face Forgery Video Detection
Authors: Zihao Xiao, Shikun Li, Fanzhao Lin, Jianmin Li, Shiming Ge* Daichi Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Face Forgery videos have elicited critical social public concerns and various detectors have been proposed. However, fully-supervised detectors may lead to easily overfitting to specific forgery methods or videos, and existing self-supervised detectors are strict on auxiliary tasks, such as requiring audio or multi-modalities, leading to limited generalization and robustness. In this paper, we examine whether we can address this issue by leveraging visual-only real face videos. To this end, we propose to learn the Natural Consistency representation (NACO) of real face videos in a self-supervised manner, which is inspired by the observation that fake videos struggle to maintain the natural spatiotemporal consistency even under unknown forgery methods and different perturbations. Our NACO first extracts spatial features of each frame by CNNs then integrates them into Transformer to learn the long-range spatiotemporal representation, leveraging the advantages of CNNs and Transformer on local spatial receptive field and long-term memory respectively. Furthermore, a Spatial Predictive Module (SPM) and a Temporal Contrastive Module (TCM) are introduced to enhance the natural consistency representation learning. The SPM aims to predict random masked spatial features from spatiotemporal representation, and the TCM regularizes the latent distance of spatiotemporal representation by shuffling the natural order to disturb the consistency, which could both force our NACO more sensitive to the natural spatiotemporal consistency. After the representation learning stage, a MLP head is fine-tuned to perform the usual forgery video classification task. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art competitors with impressive generalization and robustness."
ZeroI2V: Zero-Cost Adaptation of Pre-Trained Transformers from Image to Video
Authors: Yuhan Zhu, Limin Wang* Xinhao Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Adapting image models to the video domain has emerged as an efficient paradigm for solving video recognition tasks. Due to the huge number of parameters and effective transferability of image models, performing full fine-tuning is less efficient and even unnecessary. Thus, recent research is shifting its focus toward parameter-efficient image-to-video adaptation. However, these adaptation strategies inevitably introduce extra computational costs to deal with the domain gap and temporal modeling in videos. In this paper, we present a new adaptation paradigm (ZeroI2V) to transfer the image transformers to video recognition tasks (, introduce zero extra cost to the original models during inference). To achieve this goal, we present two core designs. First, to capture the dynamics in videos and reduce the difficulty of image-to-video adaptation, we exploit the flexibility of self-attention and introduce spatial-temporal dual-headed attention (STDHA). This approach efficiently endows the image transformers with temporal modeling capability at zero extra parameters and computation. Second, to handle the domain gap between images and videos, we propose a linear adaption strategy that utilizes lightweight densely placed linear adapters to fully transfer the frozen image models to video recognition. Thanks to the customized linear design, all newly added adapters could be easily merged with the original modules through structural reparameterization after training, enabling zero extra cost during inference. Extensive experiments on representative fully-supervised and few-shot video recognition benchmarks showcase that ZeroI2V can match or even outperform previous state-of-the-art methods while enjoying superior parameter and inference efficiency."
Zero-Shot Adaptation for Approximate Posterior Sampling of Diffusion Models in Inverse Problems
Authors: Mehmet Akcakaya Yasar U Alcalar*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative techniques for solving inverse problems. Despite their success in a variety of inverse problems in imaging, these models require many steps to converge, leading to slow inference time. Recently, there has been a trend in diffusion models for employing sophisticated noise schedules that involve more frequent iterations of timesteps at lower noise levels, thereby improving image generation and convergence speed. However, application of these ideas for solving inverse problems with diffusion models remain challenging, as these noise schedules do not perform well when using empirical tuning for the forward model log-likelihood term weights. To tackle these challenges, we propose zero-shot approximate posterior sampling (ZAPS) that leverages connections to zero-shot physics-driven deep learning. ZAPS fixes the number of sampling steps, and uses zero-shot training with a physics-guided loss function to learn log-likelihood weights at each irregular timestep. We apply ZAPS to the recently proposed diffusion posterior sampling method as baseline, though ZAPS can also be used with other posterior sampling diffusion models. We further approximate the Hessian of the logarithm of the prior using a diagonalization approach with learnable diagonal entries for computational efficiency. These parameters are optimized over a fixed number of epochs with a given computational budget. Our results for various noisy inverse problems, including Gaussian and motion deblurring, inpainting, and super-resolution show that ZAPS reduces inference time, provides robustness to irregular noise schedules and improves reconstruction quality. Code is available at https://github.com/ualcalar17/ZAPS."
R.A.C.E.: Robust Adversarial Concept Erasure for Secure Text-to-Image Diffusion Model
Authors: Kyle Min*, Yezhou Yang Changhoon Kim*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In the evolving landscape of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models, the remarkable capability to generate high-quality images from textual descriptions faces challenges with the potential misuse of reproducing sensitive content. To address this critical issue, we introduce Robust Adversarial Concept Erase (RACE), a novel approach designed to mitigate these risks by enhancing the robustness of concept erasure method for T2I models. RACE utilizes a sophisticated adversarial training framework to identify and mitigate adversarial text embeddings, significantly reducing the Attack Success Rate (ASR). Impressively, RACE achieves a 30% reduction in ASR for the “nudity” concept against the leading white-box attack method. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate RACE’s effectiveness in defending against both white-box and black-box attacks, marking a significant advancement in protecting T2I diffusion models from generating inappropriate or misleading imagery. This work underlines the essential need for proactive defense measures in adapting to the rapidly advancing field of adversarial challenges. Our code is publicly available: https://github.com/chkimmmmm/R.A.C.E."
OpenSight: A Simple Open-Vocabulary Framework for LiDAR-Based Object Detection
Authors: xu jianhua, Tao Tang, Haiyang Sun, Xin Yu*, Zi Helen Huang*, Kaicheng Yu Hu Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Traditional LiDAR-based object detection research primarily focuses on closed-set scenarios, which falls short in complex real-world applications. Directly transferring existing 2D open-vocabulary models with some known LiDAR classes for open-vocabulary ability, however, tends to suffer from over-fitting problems: The obtained model will detect the known objects, even presented with a novel category. In this paper, we propose OpenSight, a more advanced 2D-3D modeling framework for LiDAR-based open-vocabulary detection. OpenSight utilizes 2D-3D geometric priors for the initial discernment and localization of generic objects, followed by a more specific semantic interpretation of the detected objects. The process begins by generating 2D boxes for generic objects from the accompanying camera images of LiDAR. These 2D boxes, together with LiDAR points, are then lifted back into the LiDAR space to estimate corresponding 3D boxes. For better generic object perception, our framework integrates both temporal and spatial-aware constraints. Temporal awareness correlates the predicted 3D boxes across consecutive timestamps, recalibrating the missed or inaccurate boxes. The spatial awareness randomly places some “precisely” estimated 3D boxes at varying distances, increasing the visibility of generic objects. To interpret the specific semantics of detected objects, we develop a cross-modal alignment and fusion module to first align 3D features with 2D image embeddings and then fuse the aligned 3D-2D features for semantic decoding. Our experiments indicate that our method establishes state-of-the-art open-vocabulary performance on widely used 3D detection benchmarks and effectively identifies objects for new categories of interest."
Few-Shot Image Generation by Conditional Relaxing Diffusion Inversion
Authors: Shaogang Gong Yu Cao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In the field of Few-Shot Image Generation (FSIG) using Deep Generative Models (DGMs), accurately estimating the distribution of target domain with minimal samples poses a significant challenge. This requires a method that can both capture the broad diversity and the true characteristics of the target domain distribution. We present Conditional Relaxing Diffusion Inversion (CRDI), an innovative ‘training-free’ approach designed to enhance distribution diversity in synthetic image generation. Distinct from conventional methods, CRDI does not rely on fine-tuning based on only a few samples. Instead, it focuses on reconstructing each target image instance and expanding diversity through a few-shot learning. The approach initiates by identifying a Sample-wise Guidance Embedding (SGE) for the diffusion model, which serves a purpose analogous to the explicit latent codes in certain Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) models. Subsequently, the method involves a scheduler that progressively introduces perturbations to the SGE, thereby augmenting diversity. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms GAN-based reconstruction techniques and achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art (SOTA) FSIG methods. Additionally, it effectively mitigates overfitting and catastrophic forgetting, common drawbacks of fine-tuning approaches. Code is available at GitHub."
Data Poisoning Quantization Backdoor Attack
Authors: Anh Tran, Khoa Doan, Tung Pham Tran Huynh*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Deep learning (DL) models are often large and require a lot of computing power. Hence, model quantization is frequently used to reduce their size and complexity, making them more suitable for deployment on edge devices or achieving real-time performance. It has been previously shown that standard quantization frameworks can be exploited to activate the backdoor in a DL model. This means that an attacker could create a hijacked model that appears normal and free from backdoors (even when examined by state-of-the-art defenses), but when it is quantized, the backdoor is activated, and the attacker can control the model’s output. Existing backdoor attack methods on quantization models require full access to the victim model, which might not hold in practice. In this work, we focus on designing a novel quantization backdoor based on data poisoning, which requires zero knowledge of the target model. The key component is a trigger pattern generator, which is trained together with a surrogate model in an alternating manner. The attack’s effectiveness is tested on multiple benchmark datasets, including CIFAR10, CelebA, and ImageNet10, as well as state-of-the-art backdoor defenses."
DailyDVS-200: A Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset for Event-Based Action Recognition
Authors: Zhou Xu, Yuming Lin, Jingtao Ye, Hongsheng Li, Guangming Zhu, Syed Afaq Ali Shah, Mohammed Bennamoun, Liang Zhang* Qi Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Neuromorphic sensors, specifically event cameras, revolutionize visual data acquisition by capturing pixel intensity changes with exceptional dynamic range, minimal latency, and energy efficiency, setting them apart from conventional frame-based cameras. The distinctive capabilities of event cameras have ignited significant interest in the domain of event-based action recognition, recognizing their vast potential for advancement. However, the development in this field is currently slowed by the lack of comprehensive, large-scale datasets, which are critical for developing robust recognition frameworks. To bridge this gap, we introduces DailyDVS-200 , a meticulously curated benchmark dataset tailored for the event-based action recognition community. DailyDVS-200 is extensive, covering 200 action categories across real-world scenarios, recorded by 47 participants, and comprises more than 22,000 event sequences. This dataset is designed to reflect a broad spectrum of action types, scene complexities, and data acquisition diversity. Each sequence in the dataset is annotated with 14 attributes, ensuring a detailed characterization of the recorded actions. Moreover, DailyDVS-200 is structured to facilitate a wide range of research paths, offering a solid foundation for both validating existing approaches and inspiring novel methodologies. By setting a new benchmark in the field, we challenge the current limitations of neuromorphic data processing and invite a surge of new approaches in event-based action recognition techniques, which paves the way for future explorations in neuromorphic computing and beyond. The dataset and source code are available at https://github.com/QiWang233/DailyDVS-200."
On the Topology Awareness and Generalization Performance of Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Chuan Wu Junwei Su*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Many computer vision and machine learning problems are modelled as learning tasks on graphs, where graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant tool for learning representations of graph-structured data. A key feature of GNNs is their use of graph structures as input, enabling them to exploit the graphs’ inherent topological properties—known as the topology awareness of GNNs. Despite the empirical successes of GNNs, the influence of topology awareness on generalization performance remains unexplored, particularly for node-level tasks that diverge from the assumption of data being independent and identically distributed (I.I.D.). The precise definition and characterization of the topology awareness of GNNs, especially concerning different topological features, are still unclear. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to characterize the topology awareness of GNNs across any topological feature. Using this framework, we investigate the effects of topology awareness on GNN generalization performance. Contrary to the prevailing belief that enhancing the topology awareness of GNNs is always advantageous, our analysis reveals a critical insight: improving the topology awareness of GNNs may inadvertently lead to unfair generalization across structural groups, which might not be desired in some scenarios. Additionally, we conduct a case study using the intrinsic graph metric, the shortest-path distance, on various benchmark datasets. The empirical results of this case study confirm our theoretical insights. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical applicability of our framework by using it to tackle the cold start problem in graph active learning. †: corresponding authors"
T-CorresNet: Template Guided 3D Point Cloud Completion with Correspondence Pooling Query Generation Strategy
Authors: Jiahao Yu, Li Chen* Fan Duan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Point clouds are commonly used in various practical applications such as autonomous driving and the manufacturing industry. However, these point clouds often suffer from incompleteness due to limited perspectives, scanner resolution and occlusion. Therefore the prediction of missing parts performs a crucial task. In this paper, we propose a novel method for point cloud completion. We utilize a spherical template to guide the generation of the coarse complete template and generate the dynamic query tokens through a correspondence pooling (Corres-Pooling) query generator. Specifically, we first generate the coarse complete template by embedding a Gaussian spherical template into the partial input and transforming the template to best match the input. Then we use the Corres-Pooling query generator to refine the coarse template and generate dynamic query tokens which could be used to predict the complete point proxies. Finally, we generate the complete point cloud with a FoldingNet following the coarse-to-fine paradigm, according to the fine template and the predicted point proxies. Experimental results demonstrate that our T-CorresNet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on several benchmarks. Our codes are available at https://github.com/df-boy/T-CorresNet."
A high-quality robust diffusion framework for corrupted dataset
Authors: Binh Ta, Tung Pham, Anh Tran Quan Dao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Developing image-generative models, which are robust to outliers in the training process, has recently drawn attention from the research community. Due to the ease of integrating unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) into adversarial framework, existing works focus mainly on developing robust frameworks for generative adversarial model (GAN). Meanwhile, diffusion models have recently dominated GAN in various tasks and datasets. However, according to our knowledge, none of them are robust to corrupted datasets. Motivated by DDGAN, our work introduces the first robust-to-outlier diffusion. We suggest replacing the UOT-based generative model for GAN in DDGAN to learn the backward diffusion process. Additionally, we demonstrate that the Lipschitz property of divergence in our framework contributes to more stable training convergence. Remarkably, our method not only exhibits robustness to corrupted datasets but also achieves superior performance on clean datasets."
Efficient 3D-Aware Facial Image Editing via Attribute-Specific Prompt Learning
Authors: Muhammad Awais, Sanath Narayan, Hisham Cholakkal, Salman Khan, Rao Muhammad Anwer Amandeep Kumar*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Drawing upon StyleGAN’s expressivity and disentangled latent space, existing 2D approaches employ textual prompting to edit facial images with different attributes. In contrast, 3D-aware approaches that generate faces at different target poses require attribute-specific classifiers, learning separate model weights for each attribute, and are not scalable for novel attributes. In this work, we propose an efficient, plug-and-play, 3D-aware face editing framework, based on attribute-specific prompt learning, enabling the generation of facial images with controllable attributes across various target poses. To this end, we introduce a text-driven learnable style token-based latent attribute editor (LAE). The LAE harnesses a pre-trained vision-language model to find text-guided attribute-specific editing direction in the latent space of any pre-trained 3D-aware GAN. It utilizes learnable style tokens and style mappers to learn and transform this editing direction to 3D latent space. To train LAE with multiple attributes, we use directional contrastive loss and style token loss. Furthermore, to ensure view consistency and identity preservation across different poses and attributes, we employ several 3D-aware identity and pose preservation losses. Our experiments show that our proposed framework generates high-quality images with 3D awareness and view consistency while maintaining attribute-specific features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on different facial attributes, including hair color and style, expression, and others."
Distilling Knowledge from Large-Scale Image Models for Object Detection
Authors: Wenhai Wang, Xiang Li, Ziheng Li, Jian Yang, Jifeng Dai, Yu Qiao, Shanshan Zhang* Gang Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Large-scale image models have made great progress in recent years, pushing the boundaries of many vision tasks, , object detection. Considering that deploying large models is impractical in many scenes due to expensive computation overhead, this paper presents a new knowledge distillation method, which Distills knowledge from Large-scale Image Models for object detection (dubbed DLIM-Det). To this end, we make the following two efforts: (1) To bridge the gap between the teacher and student, we present a frozen teacher approach. Specifically, to create the teacher model via fine-tuning large models on a specific task, we freeze the pretrained backbone and only optimize the task head. This preserves the generalization capability of large models and gives rise to distinctive characteristics in the teacher. In particular, when equipped with DEtection TRansformers (DETRs), the frozen teacher exhibits sparse query locations, thereby facilitating the distillation process. (2) Considering that large-scale detectors are mainly based on DETRs, we propose a Query Distillation (QD) method specifically tailored for DETRs. The QD performs knowledge distillation by leveraging the spatial positions and pair-wise relations of teacher’s queries as knowledge to guide the learning of object queries of the student model. Extensive experiments are conducted on various large-scale image models with parameter sizes ranging from 200M to 1B. Our DLIM-Det improves the student with Swin-Tiny by 3.1 mAP when the DINO detector with Swin-Large is used as the teacher. Besides, even when the teacher has 30 times more parameters than the student, DLIM-Det still attains a +2.9 distillation gain."
Embracing Events and Frames with Hierarchical Feature Refinement Network for Object Detection
Authors: Zehua Zhang, Yan Xia, Xinyi Li, Jiahao Xia, Guang Chen*, Alois C. Knoll Hu Cao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In frame-based vision, object detection faces substantial performance degradation under challenging conditions due to the limited sensing capability of conventional cameras. Event cameras output sparse and asynchronous events, providing a potential solution to solve these problems. However, effectively fusing two heterogeneous modalities remains an open issue. In this work, we propose a novel hierarchical feature refinement network for event-frame fusion. The core concept is the design of the coarse-to-fine fusion module, denoted as the cross-modality adaptive feature refinement (CAFR) module. In the initial phase, the bidirectional cross-modality interaction (BCI) part facilitates information bridging from two distinct sources. Subsequently, the features are further refined by aligning the channel-level mean and variance in the two-fold adaptive feature refinement (TAFR) part. We conducted extensive experiments on two benchmarks: the low-resolution PKU-DDD17-Car dataset and the high-resolution DSEC dataset. Experimental results show that our method surpasses the state-of-the-art by an impressive margin of 8.0% on the DSEC dataset. Besides, our method exhibits significantly better robustness (69.5% versus 38.7%) when introducing 15 different corruption types to the frame images. The code can be found at the link (https://github.com/HuCaoFighting/FRN)."
TimeLens-XL: Real-time Event-based Video Frame Interpolation with Large Motion
Authors: Yutian Chen, Tianfan Xue, Jinwei Gu, Yongrui Ma* Shi Guo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Video Frame Interpolation (VFI) aims to predict intermediate frames between consecutive low frame rate inputs. To handle the real-world complex motion between frames, event cameras, which capture high-frequency brightness changes at micro-second temporal resolution, are used to aid interpolation, denoted as Event-VFI. One critical step of Event-VFI is optical flow estimation. Prior methods that adopt either a two-segment formulation or a parametric trajectory model cannot correctly recover large and complex motions between frames, which suffer from accumulated error in flow estimation. To solve this problem, we propose TimeLens-XL, a physically grounded lightweight network that decomposes large motion between two frames into a sequence of small motions for better accuracy. It estimates the entire motion trajectory recursively and samples the bi-directional flow for VFI. Benefiting from the accurate and robust flow prediction, intermediate frames can be efficiently synthesized with simple warping and blending. As a result, the network is extremely lightweight, with only 1/5∼1/10 computational cost and model size of prior works, while also achieving state-of-the-art performance on several challenging benchmarks. To our knowledge, TimeLens-XL is the first real-time (27FPS) Event-VFI algorithm at a resolution of 1280 × 720 using a single RTX 3090 GPU. Furthermore, we have collected a new RGB+Event dataset (HQ-EVFI) consisting of more than 100 challenging scenes with large complex motions and accurately synchronized high-quality RGB-EVS streams. HQ-EVFI addresses several limitations presented in prior datasets and can serve as a new benchmark. Please visit our project website at https://openimaginglab.github.io/TimeLens-XL/ for the code and dataset."
Scene-Graph ViT: End-to-End Open-Vocabulary Visual Relationship Detection
Authors: Markus Ryll, Alex Bewley, Matthias Minderer* Tim Salzmann
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "f igure.pdf Figure 1: Relationships [width=]figures/hero detected by our method on an unseen image. The top relationships by confidence score are shown. Photo by Spacejoy on Unsplash. Visual relationship detection aims to identify objects and their relationships in images. Prior methods approach this task by adding separate relationship modules or decoders to existing object detection architectures. This separation increases complexity and hinders end-to-end training, which limits performance. We propose a simple and highly efficient decoder-free architecture for open-vocabulary visual relationship detection. Our model consists of a Transformer-based image encoder that represents objects as tokens and models their relationships implicitly. To extract relationship information, we introduce an attention mechanism that selects object pairs likely to form a relationship. We provide a single-stage recipe to train this model on a mixture of object and relationship detection data. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art relationship detection performance on Visual Genome and on the large-vocabulary GQA benchmark at real-time inference speeds. We provide ablations, real-world qualitative examples, and analyses of zero-shot performance."
Self-Supervised Underwater Caustics Removal and Descattering via Deep Monocular SLAM
Authors: Devis Tuia Jonathan Sauder*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Underwater scenes are challenging for computer vision methods due to color degradation caused by the water column and detrimental lighting effects such as caustic caused by sunlight refracting on a wavy surface. These challenges impede widespread use of computer vision tools that could aid in ecological surveying of underwater environments or in industrial applications. Existing algorithms for alleviating caustics and descattering the image to recover colors are often impractical to implement due to the need for ground-truth training data, the necessity for successful alignment of an image within a 3D scene, or other assumptions that are infeasible in practice. In this paper, we propose a solution to tackle those problems in underwater computer vision: our method is based on two neural networks: CausticsNet, for single-image caustics removal, and BackscatterNet, for backscatter removal. Both neural networks are trained using an objective formulated with the aid of self-supervised monocular SLAM on a collection of underwater videos. Thus, our method does not requires any ground-truth color images or caustics labels, and corrects images in real-time. We experimentally demonstrate the fidelity of our caustics removal method, performing similarly to state-of-the-art supervised methods, and show that the color restoration and caustics removal lead to better downstream performance in Structure-from-Motion image keypoint matching than a wide range of methods."