mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Structured Siamese Network for Real-Time Visual Tracking
Authors: Lijun Wang, Jinqing Qi, Dong Wang, Mengyang Feng, Huchuan Lu Yunhua Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Local structure of target objects are essential for robust tracking. However, existing methods based on deep neural networks mostly describe the target appearance from the global view, leading to high sensitivity to non-rigid appearance change and partial occlusion. In this paper, we circumvent this issue by proposing a local structure learning method, which simultaneously considers the local patterns of the target and their structural relationships for more accurate target tracking. To this end, a local pattern detection module is designed to automatically identify discriminative regions of the target objects. The detection results are further refined by a message passing module, which enforces the structural context among local patterns to construct local structures. We show that the message passing module can be formulated as the inference process of a conditional random field (CRF) and implemented by differentiable operations, allowing the entire model to be trained in an end-to-end manner. By considering various combinations of the local structures, our tracker is able to form various types of structure patterns. Target tracking is finally achieved by a matching procedure of the structure patterns between target template and candidates. Extensive evaluations on three benchmark data sets demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods while running at a highly efficient speed of 45 fps.
Selective Zero-Shot Classification with Augmented Attributes
Authors: Chengchao Shen, Jie Lei, An-Xiang Zeng, Kairi Ou, Dacheng Tao, Mingli Song Jie Song
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a selective zero-shot classification problem: how can the classifier avoid making dubious predictions? Existing attribute-based zero-shot classification methods are shown to work poorly in the selective classification scenario. We argue the under-complete human defined attribute vocabulary accounts for the poor performance. We propose a selective zero-shot classifier based on both the human defined and the automatically discovered residual attributes. The proposed classifier is constructed by firstly learning the defined and the residual attributes jointly. Then the predictions are conducted within the subspace of the defined attributes. Finally, the prediction confidence is measured by both the defined and the residual attributes. Experiments conducted on several benchmarks demonstrate that our classifier produces a superior performance to other methods under the risk-coverage trade-off metric.
Deep Attention Neural Tensor Network for Visual Question Answering
Authors: Jianlong Fu, Tiejun Zhao, Tao Mei Yalong Bai
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Visual question answering (VQA) has drawn great attention in cross-modal learning problems, which enables a machine to answer a natural language question given a reference image. Significant progress has been made by learning rich embedding features from images and questions by bilinear models, while neglects the key role from answers. In this paper, we propose a novel deep attention neural tensor network (DA-NTN) for visual question answering, which can discover the joint correlations over images, questions and answers with tensor-based representations. First, we model one of the pairwise interaction (e.g., image and question) by bilinear features, which is further encoded with the third dimension (e.g., answer) to be a triplet by bilinear tensor product. Second, we decompose the correlation of different triplets by different answer and question types, and further propose a slice-wise attention module on tensor to select the most discriminative reasoning process for inference. Third, we optimize the proposed DA-NTN by learning a label regression with KL-divergence losses. Such a design enables scalable training and fast convergence over a large number of answer set. We integrate the proposed DA-NTN structure into the state-of-the-art VQA models (e.g., MLB and MUTAN). Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior accuracy than the original MLB and MUTAN models, with 1.98%, 1.70% relative increases on VQA-2.0 dataset, respectively.
Zero-Shot Object Detection
Authors: Karan Sikka, Gaurav Sharma, Rama Chellappa, Ajay Divakaran Ankan Bansal
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We introduce and tackle the problem of zero-shot object detection (ZSD), which aims to detect object classes which are not observed during training. We work with a challenging set of object classes, not restricting ourselves to similar and/or fine-grained categories as in prior works on zero-shot classification. We present a principled approach by first adapting visual-semantic embeddings for ZSD. We then discuss the problems associated with selecting a background class and motivate two background-aware approaches for learning robust detectors. One of these models uses a fixed background class and the other is based on iterative latent assignments. We also outline the challenge associated with using a limited number of training classes and propose a solution based on dense sampling of the semantic label space using auxiliary data with a large number of categories. We propose novel splits of two standard detection datasets – MSCOCO and VisualGenome, and present extensive empirical results in both the traditional and generalized zero-shot settings to highlight the benefits of the proposed methods. We provide useful insights into the algorithm and conclude by posing some open questions to encourage further research.
Asynchronous, Photometric Feature Tracking using Events and Frames
Authors: Henri Rebecq, Guillermo Gallego, Davide Scaramuzza Daniel Gehrig
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We present a method that leverages the complementarity of event cameras and standard cameras to track visual features with low-latency. Event cameras are novel sensors that output pixel-level brightness changes, called "events". They offer significant advantages over standard cameras, namely a very high dynamic range, no motion blur, and a latency in the order of microseconds. However, because the same scene pattern can produce different events depending on the motion direction, establishing event correspondences across time is challenging. By contrast, standard cameras provide intensity measurements (frames) that do not depend on motion direction. Our method extracts features on frames and subsequently tracks them asynchronously using events, thereby exploiting the best of both types of data: the frames provide a photometric representation that does not depend on motion direction and the events provide low-latency updates. In contrast to previous works, which are based on heuristics, this is the first principled method that uses raw intensity measurements directly, based on a generative event model within a maximum-likelihood framework. As a result, our method produces feature tracks that are both more accurate (subpixel accuracy) and longer than the state of the art, across a wide variety of scenes.
Unsupervised Class-Specific Deblurring
Authors: Kumar Sunil, A. N. Rajagopalan Thekke Madam Nimisha
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we present an end-to-end deblurring network designed specifically for a class of data. Unlike the prior supervised deep-learning works that extensively rely on large sets of paired data, which is highly demanding and challenging to obtain, we propose an unsupervised training scheme with unpaired data to achieve the same. Our model consists of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that learns a strong prior on the clean image domain using adversarial loss and maps the blurred image to its clean equivalent. To improve the stability of GAN and to preserve the image correspondence, we introduce an additional CNN module that reblurs the generated GAN output to match with the blurred input. Along with these two modules, we also make use of the blurred image itself to self-guide the network to constrain the solution space of generated clean images. This self-guidance is achieved by imposing a scale-space gradient error with an additional gradient module. We train our model on different classes and observe that adding the reblur and gradient modules help in better convergence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art supervised methods on both synthetic and real-world images even in the absence of any supervision.
Imagine This! Scripts to Compositions to Videos
Authors: Dustin Schwenk, Ali Farhadi, Derek Hoiem, Aniruddha Kembhavi Tanmay Gupta
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Imagining a scene described in natural language with realistic layout and appearance of entities is the ultimate test of spatial, visual, and semantic world knowledge. As a step towards this goal, we present the Composition Retrieval and Fusion Networks (CRAFT), a model capable of learning this knowledge from video-caption data and applying it for generating videos from novel captions. CRAFT explicitly predicts a temporal-layout of mentioned entities (characters and objects), retrieves spatio-temporal entity segments from a video database and fuses them to generate scene videos. Our modeling contributions include sequential training of components of CRAFT while jointly modeling layout and appearances, and losses that encourage learning compositional representations for retrieval. We evaluate CRAFT on semantic fidelity to caption, composition consistency and visual quality. CRAFT outperforms direct pixel generation approaches and generalizes well to unseen captions as well as unseen video databases with no text annotations. We demonstrate CRAFT on FLINTSTONES, a new richly annotated video-caption dataset with over 25000 videos.
Deep Structure Inference Network for Facial Action Unit Recognition
Authors: Meysam Madadi, Sergio Escalera Ciprian Corneanu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Facial expressions are combinations of basic components called Action Units (AU). Facial expressions are combinations of basic components called Action Units (AU). Recognizing AUs is key for developing general facial expression analysis. In recent years, most efforts in automatic AU recognition have been dedicated to learning combinations of local features and to exploiting correlations between Action Units. In this paper, we propose a deep neural architecture that tackles both problems by combining learned local and global features in its initial stages and replicating a message passing algorithm between classes similar to a graphical model inference approach in later stages. We show that by training the model end-to-end with increased supervision we improve state-of-the-art by 5.3% and 8.2% performance on BP4D and DISFA datasets, respectively.
Action Anticipation with RBF Kernelized Feature Mapping RNN
Authors: Basura Fernando, Richard Hartley Yuge Shi
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We introduce a novel Recurrent Neural Network-based algorithm for future video feature generation and action anticipation called ame. Our novel RNN architecture builds upon three effective principles of machine learning, 1. parameter sharing, 2. Radial basis function kernels and 3. Adversarial training. Using only a fraction of earliest frames of a video, we are able to generate accurate future features thanks to the generelization capacity of our novel RNN. Using a simple two layered MLP facilitated with a RBF kernel layer, we classify generated future features for the action anticipation. In our experiments, we obtain 18% improvement on JHMDB-21 dataset, 6% on UCF101-24 and 13% improvement on UT-Interaction datasets over prior state-of-the-art for action anticipation.
CNN-PS: CNN-based Photometric Stereo for General Non-Convex Surfaces
Authors: Satoshi Ikehata
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Most conventional photometric stereo algorithms inversely solve a BRDF-based image formation model. However, the actual imaging process is often far more complex due to the global light transport on the non-convex surfaces. This paper presents a photometric stereo network that directly learns relationships between the photometric stereo input and surface normals of a scene. For handling unordered, arbitrary number of input images, we merge all the input data to the intermediate representation called {it observation map} that has a fixed shape, is able to be fed into a CNN. To improve both training and prediction phases, we take into account the rotational pseudo-invariance of the observation map that is derived from the isotropic constraint. For training the network, we create a synthetic photometric stereo dataset that is generated by a physics-based renderer, therefore the global light transport is considered. Our experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets show that our method outperforms conventional BRDF-based photometric stereo algorithms especially when scenes are highly non-convex.
Small-scale Pedestrian Detection Based on Topological Line Localization and Temporal Feature Aggregation
Authors: Leiyu Sun, Di Xie, Haiming Sun, Shiliang Pu Tao Song
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: A critical issue in pedestrian detection is to detect small-scale objects that will introduce feeble contrast and motion blur in images and videos, which in our opinion should partially resort to deep-rooted annotation bias. Motivated by this, we propose a novel method integrated with somatic topological line localization (TLL) and temporal feature aggregation for detecting multi-scale pedestrians, which works particularly well with small-scale pedestrians that are relatively far from the camera. Moreover, a post-processing scheme based on Markov Ran- dom Field (MRF) is introduced to eliminate ambiguities in occlusion cases. Applying with these methodologies comprehensively, we achieve best detection performance on Caltech benchmark and improve performance of small-scale objects signicantly (miss rate decreases from 74.53% to 60.79%). Beyond this, we also achieve competitive performance on CityPersons dataset and show the existence of annotation bias in KITTI dataset.
Summarizing First-Person Videos from Third Persons' Points of View
Authors: Wei-Chen Chiu, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang HSUAN-I HO
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Video highlight or summarization is among interesting topics in computer vision, which benefits a variety of applications like viewing, searching, or storage. However, most existing studies rely on training data of third-person videos, which cannot easily generalize to highlight the first-person ones. With the goal of deriving an effective model to summarize first-person videos, we propose a novel deep neural network architecture for describing and discriminating vital spatiotemporal information across videos with different points of view. Our proposed model is realized in a semi-supervised setting, in which fully annotated third-person videos, unlabeled first-person videos, and a small amount of annotated first-person ones are presented during training. In our experiments, qualitative and quantitative evaluations on both benchmarks and our collected first-person video datasets are presented.
Snap Angle Prediction for 360° Panoramas
Authors: Kristen Grauman Bo Xiong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: 360° panoramas are a rich medium, yet notoriously difficult to visualize in the 2D image plane. We explore how intelligent rotations of a spherical image may enable content-aware projection with fewer perceptible distortions. Whereas existing approaches assume the viewpoint is fixed, intuitively some viewing angles within the sphere preserve high-level objects better than others. To discover the relationship between these optimal emph{snap angles} and the spherical panorama's content, we develop a reinforcement learning approach for the cubemap projection model. Implemented as a deep recurrent neural network, our method selects a sequence of rotation actions and receives reward for avoiding cube boundaries that overlap with important foreground objects. Our results demonstrate the impact both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Zoom-Net: Mining Deep Feature Interactions for Visual Relationship Recognition
Authors: Lu Sheng, Bin Liu, Nenghai Yu, Xiaogang Wang, Jing Shao, Chen Change Loy Guojun Yin
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recognizing visual relationships  among any pair of localized objects is pivotal for image understanding. Previous studies have shown remarkable progress in exploiting linguistic priors or external textual information to improve the performance. In this work, we investigate an orthogonal perspective based on feature interactions. We show that by encouraging deep message propagation and interactions between local object features and global predicate features, one can achieve compelling performance in recognizing complex relationships without using any linguistic priors. To this end, we present two new pooling cells to encourage feature interactions: (i) Contrastive ROI Pooling Cell, which has a unique deROI pooling that inversely pools local object features to the corresponding area of global predicate features. (ii) Pyramid ROI Pooling Cell, which broadcasts global predicate features to reinforce local object features.The two cells constitute a Spatiality-Context-Appearance Module (SCA-M), which can be further stacked consecutively to form our final Zoom-Net.We further shed light on how one could resolve ambiguous and noisy object and predicate annotations by Intra-Hierarchical trees (IH-tree). Extensive experiments conducted on Visual Genome dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our feature-oriented approach compared to state-of-the-art methods (Acc@1 11.42% from 8.16%) that depend on explicit modeling of linguistic interactions. We further show that SCA-M can be incorporated seamlessly into existing approaches to improve the performance by a large margin.
Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Images
Authors: Yinda Zhang, Zhuwen Li, Yanwei Fu, Wei Liu, Yu-Gang Jiang Nanyang Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture that produces a 3D shape in triangular mesh from a single color image. Limited by the nature of deep neural network, previous methods usually represent a 3D shape in volume or point cloud, and it is non-trivial to convert them to the more ready-to-use mesh model. Unlike the existing methods, our network represents 3D mesh in a graph-based convolutional neural network and produces correct geometry by progressively deforming an ellipsoid, leveraging perceptual features extracted from the input image. We adopt a coarse-to-fine strategy to make the whole deformation procedure stable, and define various of mesh related losses to capture properties of different levels to guarantee visually appealing and physically accurate 3D geometry. Extensive experiments show that our method not only qualitatively produces mesh model with better details, but also achieves higher 3D shape estimation accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art.
Factorizable Net: An Efficient Subgraph-based Framework for Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Wanli Ouyang, Bolei Zhou, Jianping Shi, Chao Zhang, Xiaogang Wang Yikang Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Generating scene graph to describe all the relations inside an image gains increasing interests these years. However, most of the previous methods use complicated structures with slow inference speed or rely on the external data, which limits the usage of the model in real-life scenarios. To improve the efficiency of scene graph generation, we propose a subgraph-based connection graph to concisely represent the scene graph during the inference. A bottom-up clustering method is first used to factorize the entire scene graph into subgraphs, where each subgraph contains several objects and a subset of their relationships. By replacing the numerous relationship representations of the scene graph with fewer subgraph and object features, the computation in the intermediate stage is significantly reduced. In addition, spatial information is maintained by the subgraph features, which is leveraged by our proposed Spatial-weighted Message Passing (SMP) structure and Spatial-sensitive Relation Inference (SRI) module to facilitate the relationship recognition. On the recent Visual Relationship Detection and Visual Genome datasets, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method in both accuracy and speed.
Reconstruction-based Pairwise Depth Dataset for Depth Image Enhancement Using CNN
Authors: Seungyong Lee Junho Jeon
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Raw depth images captured by consumer depth cameras suffer from noisy and missing values. Despite the success of CNN-based image processing on color image restoration, similar approaches for depth enhancement have not been much addressed yet because of the lack of raw-clean pairwise dataset. In this paper, we propose a pairwise depth image dataset generation method using dense 3D surface reconstruction with a filtering method to remove low quality pairs. We also present a multi-scale Laplacian pyramid based neural network and structure preserving loss functions to progressively reduce the noise and holes from coarse to fine scales. Experimental results show that our network trained with our pairwise dataset can enhance the input depth images to become comparable with 3D reconstructions obtained from depth streams, and can accelerate the convergence of dense 3D reconstruction results.
Coded Illumination and Imaging for Fluorescence Based Classification
Authors: Misaki Meguro, Chao Wang, Antony Lam, Yinqiang Zheng, Takahiro Okabe, Imari Sato Yuta Asano
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: The quick detection of specific substances in objects such as produce items via non-destructive visual cues is vital to ensuring the quality and safety of consumer products. At the same time, it is well-known that the fluorescence excitation-emission characteristics of many organic objects can serve as a kind of ``fingerprint'' for detecting the presence of specific substances in classification tasks such as determining if something is safe to consume. However, conventional capture of the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix can take on the order of minutes and can only be done for point measurements. In this paper, we propose a coded illumination approach whereby light spectra are learned such that key visual fluorescent features can be easily seen for material classification. We show that under a single coded illuminant, we can capture one RGB image and perform pixel-level classifications of materials at high accuracy. This is demonstrated through effective classification of different types of honey and alcohol using real images.
Multi-view to Novel view: Synthesizing novel views with Self-Learned Confidence
Authors: Minyoung Huh, Yuan-Hong Liao, Ning Zhang, Joseph J. Lim Shao-Hua Sun
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we address the task of multi-view novel view synthesis, where we are interested in synthesizing a target image with an arbitrary camera pose from given source images. We propose an end-to-end trainable framework that learns to exploit multiple viewpoints to synthesize a novel view without any 3D supervision. Specifically, our model consists of a flow prediction module and a pixel generation module to directly leverage information presented in source views as well as hallucinate missing pixels from statistical priors. To merge the predictions produced by the two modules given multi-view source images, we introduce a self-learned confidence aggregation mechanism. We evaluate our model on images rendered from 3D object models as well as real and synthesized scenes. We demonstrate that our model is able to achieve state-of-the-art results as well as progressively improve its predictions when more source images are available.
Robust Anchor Embedding for Unsupervised Video Person Re-Identification in the Wild
Authors: Xiangyuan Lan, Pong C. Yuen Mang Ye
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper addresses the scalability and robustness issues of estimating labels from imbalanced unlabeled data for unsupervised video-based person re-identification (re-ID). To achieve it, we propose a novel Robust AnChor Embedding (RACE) framework via deep feature representation learning for large-scale unsupervised video re-ID. Within this framework, anchor sequences representing different persons are firstly selected to formulate an anchor graph which also initializes the CNN model to get discriminative feature representations for later label estimation. To accurately estimate labels from unlabeled sequences with noisy frames, robust anchor embedding is introduced based on the regularized affine hull. Efficiency is ensured with kNN anchors embedding instead of the whole anchor set under manifold assumptions. After that, a robust and efficient top-k counts label prediction strategy is proposed to predict the labels of unlabeled image sequences. With the newly estimated labeled sequences, the unified anchor embedding framework enables the feature learning process to be further facilitated. Extensive experimental results on the large-scale dataset show that the proposed method outperforms existing unsupervised video re-ID methods.
Training Binary Weight Networks via Semi-Binary Decomposition
Authors: Gang Li, Peisong Wang, Yifan Zhang, Jian Cheng Qinghao Hu
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recently binary weight networks have attracted lots of attentions due to their high computational efficiency and small parameter size. Yet they still suffer from large accuracy drops because of their limited representation capacity. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-binary decomposition method which decomposes a matrix into two binary matrices and a diagonal matrix. Since the matrix product of binary matrices has more numerical values than binary matrix, the proposed semi-binary decomposition has more representation capacity. Besides, we propose an alternating optimization method to solve the semi-binary decomposition problem while keeping binary constraints. Extensive experiments on AlexNet, ResNet-18, and ResNet-50 demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin (5 percentage higher in top1 accuracy). We also implement binary weight AlexNet on FPGA platform, which shows that our proposed method can achieve $sim 9 imes$ speed-ups while reducing the consumption of on-chip memory and dedicated multipliers significantly.
Hand Pose Estimation via Latent 2.5D Heatmap Regression
Authors: Pavlo Molchanov, Thomas Breuel Juergen Gall, Jan Kautz Umar Iqbal
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Estimating the 3D pose of a hand is an essential part of human-computer interaction. Estimating 3D pose using depth or multi-view sensors has become easier with recent advances in computer vision, however, regressing pose from a single RGB image is much less straightforward. The main difficulty arises from the fact that 3D pose requires some form of depth estimates, which are ambiguous given only an RGB image. In this paper we propose a new method for 3D hand pose estimation from a monocular image through a novel 2.5D pose representation. Our new representation estimates pose up to a scaling factor, which can be estimated additionally if a prior of the hand size is given. We implicitly learn depth maps and heatmap distributions with a novel CNN architecture. Our system achieves the state-of-the-art estimation of 2D and 3D hand pose on several challenging datasets in presence of severe occlusions.
LQ-Nets: Learned Quantization for Highly Accurate and Compact Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Jiaolong Yang, Dongqiangzi Ye, Gang Hua Dongqing Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Although weight and activation quantization is an effective approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression and has a lot of potentials to increase inference speed leveraging bit-operations, there is still a noticeable gap in terms of prediction accuracy between the quantized model and the full-precision model. To address this gap, we propose to jointly train a quantized, bit-operation-compatible DNN and its associated quantizers, as opposed to using fixed, handcrafted quantization schemes such as uniform or logarithmic quantization. Our method for learning the quantizers applies to both network weights and activations with arbitrary-bit precision, and our quantizers are easy to train. The comprehensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets show that our method works consistently well for various network structures such as AlexNet, VGG-Net, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and DenseNet, surpassing previous quantization methods in terms of accuracy by an appreciable margin. Code available at https://github.com/Microsoft/LQ-Nets
Deep Randomized Ensembles for Metric Learning
Authors: Richard Souvenir, Robert Pless Hong Xuan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Learning embedding functions, which map semantically related inputs to nearby locations in a feature space supports a variety of classification and information retrieval tasks. In this work, we propose a novel, generalizable and fast method to define a family of embedding functions that can be used as an ensemble to give improved results. Each embedding function is learned by randomly bagging the training labels into small subsets. We show experimentally that these embedding ensembles create effective embedding functions. The ensemble output defines a metric space that improves state of the art performance for image retrieval on CUB-200-2011, Cars-196, In-Shop Clothes Retrieval and VehicleID.
ECO: Efficient Convolutional Network for Online Video Understanding
Authors: Kamaljeet Singh, Thomas Brox Mohammadreza Zolfaghari
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: The state of the art in video understanding suffers from two problems: (1) The major part of reasoning is performed locally in the video, thus missing important relationships within actions that span several seconds. (2) While there are local methods with fast per-frame processing, the processing of the whole video is not efficient and hampers fast video retrieval or online classification of long-term activities. In this paper, we introduce a network architecture that takes long-term content into account and enables fast per-video processing at the same time. The architecture is based on merging long-term content already in the network rather than in a post-hoc fusion. Together with a sampling strategy, which exploits that neighboring frames are largely redundant, this yields high-quality action classification and video captioning at up to 230 videos per second, where each video can consist of a few hundred frames. The approach achieves competitive performance across all datasets while being 10x to 80x faster than state-of-the-art methods.
Proxy Clouds for Live RGB-D Stream Processing and Consolidation
Authors: Jose Alonso Ybanez Zepeda, Tamy Boubekeur Adrien Kaiser
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose a new multiplanar superstructure for unified real-time processing of RGB-D data. Modern RGB-D sensors are widely used for indoor 3D capture, with applications ranging from modeling to robotics, through augmented reality. Nevertheless, their use is limited by their low resolution, with frames often corrupted with noise, missing data and temporal inconsistencies. Our approach, named Proxy Clouds, consists in generating and updating through time a single set of compact local statistics parameterized over detected planar proxies, which are fed from raw RGB-D data. Proxy Clouds provide several processing primitives, which improve the quality of the RGB-D stream on-the-fly or lighten further operations. Experimental results confirm that our light weight analysis framework copes well with embedded execution as well as moderate memory and computational capabilities compared to state-of-the-art methods. Processing of RGB-D data with Proxy Clouds includes noise and temporal flickering removal, hole filling and resampling. As a substitute of the observed scene, our proxy cloud can additionally be applied to compression and scene reconstruction. We present experiments performed with our framework in indoor scenes of different natures within a recent open RGB-D dataset.
Neural Graph Matching Networks for Fewshot 3D Action Recognition
Authors: Edward Chou, De-An Huang, Shuran Song, Serena Yeung, Li Fei-Fei Michelle Guo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose Neural Graph Matching (NGM) Networks, a novel framework that can learn to recognize a previous unseen 3D action class with only a few examples. We achieve this by leveraging the inherent structure of 3D data through a graphical representation. This allows us to modularize our model and lead to strong data-efficiency in few-shot learning. More specifically, NGM Networks jointly learn a graph generator and a graph matching metric function in a end-to-end fashion to directly optimize the few-shot learning objective. We evaluate NGM on two 3D action recognition datasets, CAD-120 and PiGraphs, and show that learning to generate and match graphs both lead to significant improvement of few-shot 3D action recognition over the holistic baselines.
Stereo relative pose from line and point feature triplets
Authors: Victor Lempitsky, Yinqiang Zheng Alexander Vakhitov
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Stereo relative pose problem lies at the core of stereo visual odometry systems that are used in many applications. In this work we present two minimal solvers for stereo relative pose. We specifically con- sider the case when a minimal set consist of three point or line features and each of them has three known projections on two stereo cameras. We validate the importance of this formulation for practical purposes in our experiments with motion estimation. We then present a complete classi- fication of minimal cases with three point or line correspondences each having three projections, and present two new solvers that can handle all such cases. We demonstrate a considerable effect from the integration of the new solvers into a visual SLAM system.
A-Contrario Horizon-First Vanishing Point Detection Using Second-Order Grouping Laws
Authors: Antoine Fond, Marie-Odile Berger Gilles Simon
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We show that, in images of man-made environments, the horizon line can usually be hypothesized based on an a contrario detection of second-order grouping events. This allows constraining the extraction of the horizontal vanishing points on that line, thus reducing false detections. Experiments made on three datasets show that our method, not only achieves state-of-the-art performance w.r.t. horizon line detection on two datasets, but also yields much less spurious vanishing points than the previous top-ranked methods.
Learning to Zoom: a Saliency-Based Sampling Layer for Neural Networks
Authors: Petr Kellnhofer, Simon Stent, Wojciech Matusik, Antonio Torralba Adria Recasens
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We introduce a saliency-based distortion layer for convolutional neural networks that helps to improve the spatial sampling of input data for a given task. Our differentiable layer can be added as a preprocessing block to existing task networks and trained altogether in an end-to-end fashion. The effect of the layer is to efficiently estimate how to sample from the original data in order to boost task performance. For example, for an image classification task in which the original data might range in size up to several megapixels, but where the desired input images to the task network are much smaller, our layer learns how best to sample from the underlying high resolution data in a manner which preserves task-relevant information better than uniform downsampling. This has the effect of creating distorted, caricature-like intermediate images, in which idiosyncratic elements of the image that improve task performance are zoomed and exaggerated. Unlike alternative approaches such as spatial transformer networks, our proposed layer is inspired by image saliency, computed efficiently from uniformly downsampled data, and degrades gracefully to a uniform sampling strategy under uncertainty. We apply our layer to improve existing networks for the tasks of human gaze estimation and fine-grained object classification. Code for our method is available in: http://github.com/recasens/Saliency-Sampler
Improving Deep Visual Representation for Person Re-identification by Global and Local Image-language Association
Authors: Hongsheng Li, Xihui Liu, Yantao Shen, Jing Shao, Zejian Yuan, Xiaogang Wang Dapeng Chen
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Person re-identification is an important task that requires learning discriminative visual features for distinguishing different person identities. Diverse auxiliary information has been utilized to improve the visual feature learning. In this paper, we propose to exploit natural language description as additional training supervisions for more effective features. Compared with other auxiliary information, language can describe a specific person from more compact and semantic visual aspects, thus is complementary to the pixel-level image data. Our method not only learns better global visual feature with the supervision of the overall description but also enforces semantic consistencies between local visual and linguistic features, which is achieved by building global and local image-language associations. The global image-language association is established according to the identity labels, while the local association is based upon the implicit correspondences between image regions and noun phrases. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of employing language as training supervisions with the two association schemes. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance without utilizing any auxiliary information during testing and shows better performance than other joint embedding methods for the image-language association.
Less is More: Picking Informative Frames for Video Captioning
Authors: Shuhui Wang, Weigang Zhang, Qingming Huang Yangyu Chen
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In video captioning task, the best practice has been achieved by attention-based models which associate salient visual components with sentences in the video. However, existing study follows a common procedure which includes a frame-level appearance modeling and motion modeling on equal interval frame sampling, which may bring about redundant visual information, sensitivity to content noise and unnecessary computation cost. We propose a plug-and-play PickNet to perform informative frame picking in video captioning. Based on a standard encoder-decoder framework, we develop a reinforcement-learning-based procedure to train the network sequentially, where the reward of each frame picking action is designed by maximizing visual diversity and minimizing discrepancy between generated caption and the ground-truth. The rewarded candidate will be selected and the corresponding latent representation of encoder-decoder will be updated for future trials. This procedure goes on until the end of the video sequence. Consequently, a compact frame subset can be selected to represent the visual information and perform video captioning without performance degradation. Experiment results show that our model can achieve competitive performance across popular benchmarks while only 6~8 frames are used.
BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapes
Authors: Duygu Ceylan, Bryan Russell, Jimei Yang, Ersin Yumer, Ivan Laptev, Cordelia Schmid Gul Varol
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Human shape estimation is an important task for video editing, animation and fashion industry. Predicting 3D human body shape from natural images, however, is highly challenging due to factors such as variation in human bodies, clothing and viewpoint. Prior methods addressing this problem typically attempt to fit parametric body models with certain priors on pose and shape. In this work we argue for an alternative representation and propose BodyNet, a neural network for direct inference of volumetric body shape from a single image. BodyNet is an end-to-end trainable network that benefits from (i) a volumetric 3D loss, (ii) a multi-view re-projection loss, and (iii) intermediate supervision of 2D pose, 2D body part segmentation, and 3D pose. Each of them results in performance improvement as demonstrated by our experiments. To evaluate the method, we fit the SMPL model to our network output and show state-of-the-art results on the SURREAL and Unite the People datasets, outperforming recent approaches. Besides achieving state-of-the-art performance, our method also enables volumetric body-part segmentation.
Towards Human-Level License Plate Recognition
Authors: Saihui Hou, Zilei Wang, Zheng-Jun Zha Jiafan Zhuang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: License plate recognition (LPR) is a fundamental component of various intelligent transport systems, which is always expected to be accurate and efficient enough. In this paper, we propose a novel LPR framework consisting of semantic segmentation and character counting, towards achieving human-level performance. Benefiting from innovative structure, our method can recognize a whole license plate once rather than conducting character detection or sliding window followed by per-character recognition. Moreover, our method can achieve higher recognition accuracy due to more effectively exploiting global information and avoiding sensitive character detection, and is time-saving due to eliminating one-by-one character recognition. Finally, we experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on two public datasets (AOLP and Media Lab) and our License Plate Dataset. The results demonstrate our method significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods, and achieves the accuracies of more than 99% for almost all settings.
A Dataset for Lane Instance Segmentation in Urban Environments
Authors: Sebastian Kaltwang, Sina Samangooei, Mark Pender-Bare, Konstantinos Tertikas, John Redford Brook Roberts
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Autonomous vehicles require knowledge of the surrounding road layout, which can be predicted by state-of-the-art CNNs. This work addresses the current lack of data for determining lane instances, which are needed for various driving manoeuvres. The main issue is the time-consuming manual labelling process, typically applied per image. We notice that driving the car is itself a form of annotation. Therefore, we propose a semi-automated method that allows for efficient labelling of image sequences by utilising an estimated road plane in 3D based on where the car has driven and projecting labels from this plane into all images of the sequence. The average labelling time per image is reduced to 5 seconds and only an inexpensive dash-cam is required for data capture. We are releasing a dataset of 24,000 images and additionally show experimental semantic segmentation and instance segmentation results.
DeepIM: Deep Iterative Matching for 6D Pose Estimation
Authors: Gu Wang, Xiangyang Ji, Yu Xiang, Dieter Fox Yi Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Estimating the 6D pose of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image with the input image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using an untangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over state-of-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigence
Authors: Puneet K. Dokania, Thalaiyasingam Ajanthan, Philip H. S. Torr Arslan Chaudhry
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Incremental learning (IL) has received a lot of attention recently, however, the literature lacks a precise problem definition, proper evaluation settings, and metrics tailored specifically for the IL problem. One of the main objectives of this work is to fill these gaps so as to provide a common ground for better understanding of IL. The main challenge for an IL algorithm is to update the classifier whilst preserving existing knowledge. We observe that, in addition to forgetting, a known issue while preserving knowledge, IL also suffers from a problem we call intransigence, its inability to update knowledge. We introduce two metrics to quantify forgetting and intransigence that allow us to understand, analyse, and gain better insights into the behaviour of IL algorithms. Furthermore, we present RWalk, a generalization of EWC++ (our efficient version of EWC) and Path Integral with a theoretically grounded KL-divergence based perspective. We provide a thorough analysis of various IL algorithms on MNIST and CIFAR-100 datasets. In these experiments, RWalk obtains superior results in terms of accuracy, and also provides a better trade-off for forgetting and intransigence.