mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Chameleon: A Data-Efficient Generalist for Dense Visual Prediction in the Wild
Authors: Seongwoong Cho, Semin Kim, Chong Luo, Seunghoon Hong* Donggyun Kim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Despite the success in large language models, constructing a data-efficient generalist for dense visual prediction presents a distinct challenge due to the variation in label structures across different tasks. In this study, we explore a universal model that can flexibly adapt to unseen dense label structures with a few examples, enabling it to serve as a data-efficient vision generalist in diverse real-world scenarios. To this end, we base our method on a powerful meta-learning framework and explore several axes to improve its performance and versatility for real-world problems, such as flexible adaptation mechanisms and scalability. We evaluate our model across a spectrum of unseen real-world scenarios where low-shot learning is desirable, including video, 3D, medical, biological, and user-interactive tasks. Equipped with a generic architecture and an effective adaptation mechanism, our model flexibly adapts to all of these tasks with at most 50 labeled images, showcasing a significant advancement over existing data-efficient generalist approaches. Codes are available at https: //github.com/GitGyun/chameleon."
Reliability in Semantic Segmentation: Can We Use Synthetic Data?
Authors: Tuan-Hung Vu*, Mickael Chen, Patrick Pérez, Matthieu Cord Thibaut Loiseau
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Assessing the robustness of perception models to covariate shifts and their ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for safety-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles. By nature of such applications, however, the relevant data is difficult to collect and annotate. In this paper, we show for the first time how synthetic data can be specifically generated to assess comprehensively the real-world reliability of semantic segmentation models. By fine-tuning Stable Diffusion [?] with only in-domain data, we perform zero-shot generation of visual scenes in OOD domains or inpainted with OOD objects. This synthetic data is employed to evaluate the robustness of pretrained segmenters, thereby offering insights into their performance when confronted with real edge cases. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate a high correlation between the performance of models when evaluated on our synthetic OOD data and when evaluated on real OOD inputs, showing the relevance of such virtual testing. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our approach can be utilized to enhance the calibration and OOD detection capabilities of segmenters. Code and data are made public."
SCPNet: Unsupervised Cross-modal Homography Estimation via Intra-modal Self-supervised Learning
Authors: Jun Ma, Lun Luo, Beinan Yu, Shu-Jie Chen, Junwei Li, Hui-Liang Shen, Si-Yuan Cao* Runmin Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We propose a novel unsupervised cross-modal homography estimation framework based on intra-modal Self-supervised learning, Correlation, and consistent feature map Projection, namely SCPNet. The concept of intra-modal self-supervised learning is first presented to facilitate the unsupervised cross-modal homography estimation. The correlation-based homography estimation network and the consistent feature map projection are combined to form the learnable architecture of SCPNet, boosting the unsupervised learning framework. SCPNet is the first to achieve effective unsupervised homography estimation on the satellite-map image pair cross-modal dataset, GoogleMap, under [-32,+32] offset on a 128 × 128 image, leading the supervised approach MHN by 14.0% of mean average corner error (MACE). We further conduct extensive experiments on several cross-modal/spectral and manually-made inconsistent datasets, on which SCPNet achieves the state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance among unsupervised approaches, and owns 49.0%, 25.2%, 36.4%, and 10.7% lower MACEs than the supervised approach MHN. Source code is available at https://github.com/RM-Zhang/ SCPNet."
SCAPE: A Simple and Strong Category-Agnostic Pose Estimator
Authors: Zixuan Ye, Wenze Liu, Hao Lu* Yujia Liang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "simplify the pipeline by discarding previous matching blocks, relying only pure self-attention for matching result in using only an MLP can directly regress the coordinates from the support keypoint. Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation (CAPE) aims to localize keypoints on an object of any category given few exemplars in an in-context manner. Prior arts involve sophisticated designs, e.g., sundry modules for similarity calculation and a two-stage framework, or takes in extra heatmap generation and supervision. We notice that CAPE is essentially a task about feature matching, which can be solved within the attention process. Therefore we first streamline the architecture into a simple baseline consisting of several pure self-attention layers and an MLP regression head—this simplification means that one only needs to consider the attention quality to boost the performance of CAPE. Towards an effective attention process for CAPE, we further introduce two key modules: i) a global keypoint feature perceptor to inject global semantic information into support keypoints, and ii) a keypoint attention refiner to enhance inter-node correlation between keypoints. They jointly form a Simple and strong Category-Agnostic Pose Estimator (SCAPE). Experimental results show that SCAPE outperforms prior arts by 2.2 and 1.3 PCK under 1-shot and 5-shot settings with faster inference speed and lighter model capacity, excelling in both accuracy and efficiency. Code and models are available at github.com/tiny-smart/SCAPE."
Elevating All Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval Through Multimodal Prompt Learning
Authors: Ankit Jha, Divyam Gupta, Pranav Singla, Biplab Banerjee Mainak Singha*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We address the challenges inherent in sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) across various settings, including zero-shot SBIR, generalized zero-shot SBIR, and fine-grained zero-shot SBIR, by leveraging the vision-language foundation model CLIP. While recent endeavors have employed CLIP to enhance SBIR, these approaches predominantly follow uni-modal prompt processing and overlook to exploit CLIP’s integrated visual and textual capabilities fully. To bridge this gap, we introduce SpLIP, a novel multi-modal prompt learning scheme designed to operate effectively with frozen CLIP backbones. We diverge from existing multi-modal prompting methods that treat visual and textual prompts independently or integrate them in a limited fashion, leading to suboptimal generalization. SpLIP implements a bi-directional prompt-sharing strategy that enables mutual knowledge exchange between CLIP’s visual and textual encoders, fostering a more cohesive and synergistic prompt processing mechanism that significantly reduces the semantic gap between the sketch and photo embeddings. In addition to pioneering multi-modal prompt learning, we propose two innovative strategies for further refining the embedding space. The first is an adaptive margin generation for the sketch-photo triplet loss, regulated by CLIP’s class textual embeddings. The second introduces a novel task, termed conditional cross-modal jigsaw, aimed at enhancing fine-grained sketch-photo alignment by implicitly modeling sketches’ viable patch arrangement using knowledge of unshuffled photos. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations across multiple benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of SpLIP in all three SBIR scenarios. Project page: https://mainaksingha01.github.io/SpLIP/."
Improving Knowledge Distillation via Regularizing Feature Direction and Norm
Authors: Lechao Cheng*, Manni Duan, Yongheng Wang, Zunlei Feng, Shu Kong Yuzhu Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Knowledge distillation (KD) is a particular technique of model compression that exploits a large well-trained teacher neural network to train a small student network . Treating teacher’s feature as knowledge, prevailing methods train student by aligning its features with the teacher’s, e.g., by minimizing the KL-divergence or L2-distance between their (logits) features. While it is natural to assume that better feature alignment helps distill teacher’s knowledge, simply forcing this alignment does not directly contribute to the student’s performance, e.g., classification accuracy. For example, minimizing the L2 distance between the penultimate-layer features (used to compute logits for classification) does not necessarily help learn a better student classifier. We are motivated to regularize student features at the penultimate layer using teacher towards training a better student classifier. Specifically, we present a rather simple method that uses teacher’s class-mean features to align student features w.r.t their direction. Experiments show that this significantly improves KD performance. Moreover, we empirically find that student produces features that have notably smaller norms than teacher’s, motivating us to regularize student to produce large-norm features. Experiments show that doing so also yields better performance. Finally, we present a simple loss as our main technical contribution that regularizes student by simultaneously (1) aligning the direction of its features with the teacher class-mean feature, and (2) encouraging it to produce large-norm features. Experiments on standard benchmarks demonstrate that adopting our technique remarkably improves existing KD methods, achieving the state-of-the-art KD performance through the lens of image classification (on ImageNet and CIFAR100 datasets) and object detection (on the COCO dataset)."
3DFG-PIFu: 3D Feature Grids for Human Digitization from Sparse Views
Authors: Fayao Liu, Guosheng Lin, Chuan Sheng Foo, Weisi Lin Kennard Yanting Chan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Pixel-aligned implicit models, such as Multi-view PIFu, DeepMultiCap, DoubleField, and SeSDF, are well-established methods for reconstructing a clothed human from sparse views. However, given V images, these models would only combine features from these images in a point-wise and localized manner. In other words, the V images are processed individually and are only combined in a very narrow fashion at the end of the pipeline. To a large extent, this defeats the purpose of having multi-view information since the multi-view task in question is predominantly treated as a single-view task. To resolve this, we introduce 3DFG-PIFu, a pixel-aligned implicit model that exploits multi-view information right from the start and all the way to the end of the pipeline. Our 3DFG-PIFu makes use of 3D Feature Grids to combine features from V images in a global manner (rather than point-wise or localized) and throughout the pipeline. Other than the 3D Feature Grids, 3DFG-PIFu also proposes an iterative mechanism that refines and updates an existing output human mesh using the different views. Moreover, 3DFG-PIFu introduces SDF-based SMPL-X features, which is a new method of incorporating a SMPL-X mesh into a pixel-aligned implicit model. Our experiments show that 3DFG-PIFu significantly outperforms SOTA models. Our code is released at https://github.com/kcyt/3DFG-PIFu."
Lazy Diffusion Transformer for Interactive Image Editing
Authors: Zongze Wu, Richard Zhang, Eli Shechtman, Danny Cohen-Or, Taesung Park, Michaël Gharbi Yotam Nitzan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce a novel diffusion transformer, , that generates partial image updates efficiently. Our approach targets interactive image editing applications in which, starting from a blank canvas or an image, a user specifies a sequence of localized image modifications using binary masks and text prompts. Our generator operates in two phases. First, a context encoder processes the current canvas and user mask to produce a compact global context tailored to the region to generate. Second, conditioned on this context, a diffusion-based transformer decoder synthesizes the masked pixels in a “lazy” fashion, i.e., it only generates the masked region. This contrasts with previous works that either regenerate the full canvas, wasting time and computation, or confine processing to a tight rectangular crop around the mask, ignoring the global image context altogether. Our decoder’s runtime scales with the mask size, which is typically small, while our encoder introduces negligible overhead. We demonstrate that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art inpainting methods in terms of quality and fidelity while providing a 10× speedup for typical user interactions, where the editing mask represents 10% of the image."
Non-parametric Sensor Noise Modeling and Synthesis
Authors: Luxi Zhao, Atin Vikram Singh, Jaeduk Han, Abhijith Punnappurath, Marcus A Brubaker, Jihwan Choe, Michael S Brown Ali Mosleh*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce a novel non-parametric sensor noise model that directly constructs probability mass functions per intensity level from captured images. We show that our noise model provides a more accurate fit to real sensor noise than existing models. We detail the capture procedure for deriving our non-parametric noise model and introduce an interpolation method that reduces the number of ISOs levels that need to be captured. In addition, we propose a method to synthesize noise on existing noisy images when noise-free images are not available. Our noise model is straightforward to calibrate and provides notable improvements over competing noise models on downstream tasks."
Stripe Observation Guided Inference Cost-free Attention Mechanism
Authors: Shanshan Zhong, Wushao Wen, Jinghui Qin, Liang Lin* Zhongzhan Huang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Structural re-parameterization (SRP) is a novel technique series that boosts neural networks without introducing any computational costs in inference stage. The existing SRP methods have successfully considered many architectures, such as normalizations, convolutions, etc. However, the widely used but computationally expensive attention modules cannot be directly implemented by SRP due to the inherent multiplicative manner and the modules’ output is input-dependent during inference. In this paper, we statistically discover a counter-intuitive phenomenon Stripe Observation in various settings, which reveals that channel attention values consistently approach some constant vectors during training. It inspires us to propose a novel attention-alike SRP, called ASR, that allows us to achieve SRP for a given network while enjoying the effectiveness of the attention mechanism. Extensive experiments conducted on several standard benchmarks show the effectiveness of ASR in generally improving the performance of various scenarios without any elaborated model crafting. We also provide experimental evidence for how the proposed ASR can enhance model performance. https: //github.com/zhongshsh/ASR."
The Nerfect Match: Exploring NeRF Features for Visual Localization
Authors: Maxim Maximov, Or Litany, Laura Leal-Taixé Qunjie Zhou*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this work, we propose the use of Neural Radiance Fields () as a scene representation for visual localization. Recently, has been employed to enhance pose regression and scene coordinate regression models by augmenting the training database, providing auxiliary supervision through rendered images, or serving as an iterative refinement module. We extend its recognized advantages – its ability to provide a compact scene representation with realistic appearances and accurate geometry – by exploring the potential of ’s internal features in establishing precise 2D-3D matches for localization. To this end, we conduct a comprehensive examination of ’s implicit knowledge, acquired through view synthesis, for matching under various conditions. This includes exploring different matching network architectures, extracting encoder features at multiple layers, and varying training configurations. Significantly, we introduce , an advanced 2D-3D matching function that capitalizes on the internal knowledge of learned via view synthesis. Our evaluation of on standard localization benchmarks, within a structure-based pipeline, achieves competitive results for localization performance on Cambridge Landmarks. We will release all models and code."
ComboVerse: Compositional 3D Assets Creation Using Spatially-Aware Diffusion Guidance
Authors: Tengfei Wang, Tong Wu, Xingang Pan, Kui Jia*, Ziwei Liu Yongwei Chen
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Generating high-quality 3D assets from a given image is highly desirable in various applications such as AR/VR. Recent advances in single-image 3D generation explore feed-forward models that learn to infer the 3D model of an object without optimization. Though promising results have been achieved in single object generation, these methods often struggle to model complex 3D assets that inherently contain multiple objects. In this work, we present ComboVerse, a 3D generation framework that produces high-quality 3D assets with complex compositions by learning to combine multiple models. 1) We first perform an in-depth analysis of this “multi-object gap” from both model and data perspectives. 2) Next, with reconstructed 3D models of different objects, we seek to adjust their sizes, rotation angles, and locations to create a 3D asset that matches the given image. 3) To automate this process, we apply spatially-aware score distillation sampling (SSDS) from pretrained diffusion models to guide the positioning of objects. Our proposed framework emphasizes spatial alignment of objects, compared with standard score distillation sampling, and thus achieves more accurate results. Extensive experiments validate ComboVerse achieves clear improvements over existing methods in generating compositional 3D assets."
Robust Calibration of Large Vision-Language Adapters
Authors: Julio Silva-Rodríguez, Ismail Ben Ayed, Jose Dolz Balamurali Murugesan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "This paper addresses the critical issue of miscalibration in CLIP-based model adaptation, particularly in the challenging scenario of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, which has been overlooked in the existing literature on CLIP adaptation. We empirically demonstrate that popular CLIP adaptation approaches, such as Adapters, Prompt Learning, and Test-Time Adaptation, substantially degrade the calibration capabilities of the zero-shot baseline in the presence of distributional drift. We identify the increase in logit ranges as the underlying cause of miscalibration of CLIP adaptation methods, contrasting with previous work on calibrating fully-supervised models. Motivated by these observations, we present a simple and model-agnostic solution to mitigate miscalibration, by scaling the logit range of each sample to its zero-shot prediction logits. We explore three different alternatives to achieve this, which can be either integrated during adaptation or directly used at inference time. Comprehensive experiments on popular OOD classification benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in mitigating miscalibration while maintaining discriminative performance, whose improvements are consistent across the three families of these increasingly popular approaches. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/ Bala93/CLIPCalib ."
Leveraging Hierarchical Feature Sharing for Efficient Dataset Condensation
Authors: Jiachen Sun, Shutong Wu, Bhavya Kailkhura, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, Chaowei Xiao*, Atul Prakash* Haizhong Zheng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Given a real-world dataset, data condensation (DC) aims to synthesize a small synthetic dataset that captures the knowledge of a natural dataset while being usable for training models with comparable accuracy. Recent works propose to enhance DC with data parameterization, which condenses data into very compact parameterized data containers instead of images. The intuition behind data parameterization is to encode shared features of images to avoid additional storage costs. In this paper, we recognize that images share common features in a hierarchical way due to the inherent hierarchical structure of the classification system, which is overlooked by current data parameterization methods. To better align DC with this hierarchical nature and encourage more efficient information sharing inside data containers, we propose a novel data parameterization architecture, Hierarchical Memory Network (HMN). HMN stores condensed data in a three-tier structure, representing the dataset-level, class-level, and instance-level features. Another helpful property of the hierarchical architecture is that HMN naturally ensures good independence among images despite achieving information sharing. This enables instance-level pruning for HMN to reduce redundant information, thereby further minimizing redundancy and enhancing performance. We evaluate HMN on five public datasets and show that our proposed method outperforms all baselines."
Improving Domain Generalization in Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation via Stabilized Adversarial Training
Authors: Gang Wu, Kui Jiang, Siao Liu, Jian Kuai, Xianming Liu, Junjun Jiang* Yuanqi Yao*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Learning a self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation (MDE) model with great generalization remains significantly challenging. Despite the success of adversarial augmentation in the supervised learning generalization, naively incorporating it into self-supervised MDE models potentially causes over-regularization, suffering from severe performance degradation. In this paper, we conduct qualitative analysis and illuminate the main causes: (i) inherent sensitivity in the UNet-alike depth network and (ii) dual optimization conflict caused by over-regularization. To tackle these issues, we propose a general adversarial training framework, named Stabilized Conflict-optimization Adversarial Training (SCAT), integrating adversarial data augmentation into self-supervised MDE methods to achieve a balance between stability and generalization. Specifically, we devise an effective scaling depth network that tunes the coefficients of long skip connection and effectively stabilizes the training process. Then, we propose a conflict gradient surgery strategy, which progressively integrates the adversarial gradient and optimizes the model toward a conflict-free direction. Extensive experiments on five benchmarks demonstrate that SCAT can achieve state-of-the-art performance and significantly improve the generalization capability of existing self-supervised MDE methods."
milliFlow: Scene Flow Estimation on mmWave Radar Point Cloud for Human Motion Sensing
Authors: Zhen Luo, Peijun Zhao, Chris Xiaoxuan Lu Fangqiang Ding*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Human motion sensing plays a crucial role in smart systems for decision-making, user interaction, and personalized services. Extensive research that has been conducted is predominantly based on cameras, whose intrusive nature limits their use in smart home applications. To address this, mmWave radars have gained popularity due to their privacy-friendly features. In this work, we propose milliFlow, a novel deep learning approach to estimate scene flow as complementary motion information for mmWave point cloud, serving as an intermediate level of features and directly benefiting downstream human motion sensing tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method when compared with the competing approaches. Furthermore, by incorporating scene flow information, we achieve remarkable improvements in human activity recognition and human parsing and support human body part tracking. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/Toytiny/milliFlow."
denoiSplit: a method for joint microscopy image splitting and unsupervised denoising
Authors: Florian Jug* Ashesh Ashesh*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this work, we present , a method to tackle a new analysis task, the challenge of joint semantic image splitting and unsupervised denoising. This dual approach has important applications in fluorescence microscopy, where semantic image splitting has important applications but noise does generally hinder the downstream analysis of image content. Image splitting involves dissecting an image into its distinguishable semantic structures. We show that the current state-of-the-art method for this task struggles in the presence of image noise, inadvertently also distributing the noise across the predicted outputs. The method we present here can deal with image noise by integrating an unsupervised denoising subtask. This integration results in improved semantic image unmixing, even in the presence of notable and realistic levels of imaging noise. A key innovation in is the use of specifically formulated noise models and the suitable adjustment of KL-divergence loss for the high-dimensional hierarchical latent space we are training. We showcase the performance of across multiple tasks on real-world microscopy images. Additionally, we perform qualitative and quantitative evaluations and compare the results to existing benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of using : a single Variational Splitting Encoder-Decoder (VSE) Network using two suitable noise models to jointly perform semantic splitting and denoising."
AugDETR: Improving Multi-scale Learning for Detection Transformer
Authors: Yutong Lin, Chen Li, Sanping Zhou, Nanning Zheng* Jinpeng Dong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Current end-to-end detectors typically exploit transformers to detect objects and show promising performance. Among them, Deformable DETR is a representative paradigm that effectively exploits multi-scale features. However, small local receptive fields and limited query-encoder interactions weaken multi-scale learning. In this paper, we analyze local feature enhancement and multi-level encoder exploitation for improved multi-scale learning and construct a novel detection transformer detector named Augmented DETR (AugDETR) to realize them. Specifically, AugDETR consists of two components: Hybrid Attention Encoder and Encoder-Mixing Cross-Attention. Hybrid Attention Encoder enlarges the receptive field of the deformable encoder and introduces global context features to enhance feature representation. Encoder-Mixing Cross-Attention adaptively leverages multi-level encoders based on query features for more discriminative object features and faster convergence. By combining AugDETR with DETR-based detectors such as DINO, AlignDETR, DDQ, our models achieve performance improvements of 1.2, 1.1, and 1.0 AP in the COCO under the ResNet-50-4scale and 12 epochs setting, respectively."
Spherical World-Locking for Audio-Visual Localization in Egocentric Videos
Authors: Ruohan Gao, Ishwarya Ananthabhotla, Anurag Kumar, Jacob Donley, Chao Li, Gunhee Kim, Vamsi Krishna Ithapu, Calvin Murdock* Heeseung Yun*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Egocentric videos provide comprehensive contexts for user and scene understanding, spanning multisensory perception to behavioral interaction. We propose Spherical World-Locking (SWL) as a general framework for egocentric scene representation, which implicitly transforms multisensory streams with respect to measurements of head orientation. Compared to conventional head-locked egocentric representations with a 2D planar field-of-view, SWL effectively offsets challenges posed by self-motion, allowing for improved spatial synchronization between input modalities. Using a set of multisensory embeddings on a world-locked sphere, we design a unified encoder-decoder transformer architecture that preserves the spherical structure of the scene representation, without requiring expensive projections between image and world coordinate systems. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on multiple benchmark tasks for egocentric video understanding, including audio-visual active speaker localization, auditory spherical source localization, and behavior anticipation in everyday activities."
SPIN: Hierarchical Segmentation with Subpart Granularity in Natural Images
Authors: Jarek T Reynolds, Brian Price, Yifei Fan, Danna Gurari Josh David Myers-Dean*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Hierarchical segmentation entails creating segmentations at varying levels of granularity. We introduce the first hierarchical semantic segmentation dataset with subpart annotations for natural images, which we call SPIN (SubPartImageNet). We also introduce two novel evaluation metrics to evaluate how well algorithms capture spatial and semantic relationships across hierarchical levels. We benchmark modern models across three different tasks and analyze their strengths and weaknesses across objects, parts, and subparts. To facilitate community-wide progress, we publicly release our dataset at https://joshmyersdean.github. io/spin/index.html."
SIGMA: Sinkhorn-Guided Masked Video Modeling
Authors: Michael Dorkenwald*, Fida Mohammad Thoker, Efstratios Gavves, Cees Snoek, Yuki M Asano Mohammadreza Salehi*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Video-based pretraining offers immense potential for learning strong visual representations on an unprecedented scale. Recently, masked video modeling methods have shown promising scalability, yet fall short in capturing higher-level semantics due to reconstructing predefined low-level targets such as pixels. To tackle this, we present Sinkhorn-guided Masked Video Modelling (), a novel video pretraining method that jointly learns the video model in addition to a target feature space using a projection network. However, this simple modification means that the regular L2 reconstruction loss will lead to trivial solutions as both networks are jointly optimized. As a solution, we distribute features of space-time tubes evenly across a limited number of learnable clusters. By posing this as an optimal transport problem, we enforce high entropy in the generated features across the batch, infusing semantic and temporal meaning into the feature space. The resulting cluster assignments are used as targets for a symmetric prediction task where the video model predicts cluster assignment of the projection network and vice versa. Experimental results on ten datasets across three benchmarks validate the effectiveness of in learning more performant, temporally-aware, and robust video representations improving upon state-of-the-art methods. Our project website with code is available at: https://quva-lab. github.io/SIGMA."
Generative Camera Dolly: Extreme Monocular Dynamic Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Rundi Wu, Ege Ozguroglu, Kyle Sargent, Ruoshi Liu, Pavel Tokmakov, Achal Dave, Changxi Zheng, Carl Vondrick Basile Van Hoorick*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Accurate reconstruction of complex dynamic scenes from just a single viewpoint continues to be a challenging task in computer vision. Current dynamic novel view synthesis methods typically require videos from many different camera viewpoints, necessitating careful recording setups, and significantly restricting their utility in the wild as well as in terms of embodied AI applications. In this paper, we propose GCD, a controllable monocular dynamic view synthesis pipeline that leverages large-scale diffusion priors to, given a video of any scene, generate a synchronous video from any other chosen perspective, conditioned on a set of relative camera pose parameters. Our model does not require depth as input, and does not explicitly model 3D scene geometry, instead performing end-to-end video-to-video translation in order to achieve its goal efficiently. Despite being trained on synthetic multi-view video data only, zero-shot real-world generalization experiments show promising results in multiple domains, including robotics, object permanence, and driving environments. We believe our framework can potentially unlock powerful applications in rich dynamic scene understanding, perception for robotics, and interactive 3D video viewing experiences for virtual reality."
Distribution Alignment for Fully Test-Time Adaptation with Dynamic Online Data Streams
Authors: Zhixiang Chi, Yanan Wu, Li Gu, Zhi Liu*, Konstantinos N Plataniotis*, Yang Wang* Ziqiang Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Given a model trained on source data, Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables adaptation and inference in test data streams with domain shifts from the source. Current methods predominantly optimize the model for each incoming test data batch using self-training loss. While these methods yield commendable results in ideal test data streams, where batches are independently and identically sampled from the target distribution, they falter under more practical test data streams that are not independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d.). The data batches in a non-i.i.d. stream display prominent label shifts relative to each other. It leads to conflicting optimization objectives among batches during the TTA process. Given the inherent risks of adapting the source model to unpredictable test-time distributions, we reverse the adaptation process and propose a novel Distribution Alignment loss for TTA. This loss guides the distributions of test-time features back towards the source distributions, which ensures compatibility with the well-trained source model and eliminates the pitfalls associated with conflicting optimization objectives. Moreover, we devise a domain shift detection mechanism to extend the success of our proposed TTA method in the continual domain shift scenarios. Our extensive experiments validate the logic and efficacy of our method. On six benchmark datasets, we surpass existing methods in non-i.i.d. scenarios and maintain competitive performance under the ideal i.i.d. assumption."
Divide and Fuse: Body Part Mesh Recovery from Partially Visible Human Images
Authors: Zhongpai Gao, Luyuan Xie, Abhishek Sharma, Hao Ding, Benjamin Planche, Meng Zheng, Ange Lou, Terrence Chen, Junsong Yuan, Ziyan Wu* Tianyu Luan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce a novel bottom-up approach for human body mesh reconstruction, specifically designed to address the challenges posed by partial visibility and occlusion in input images. Traditional top-down methods, relying on whole-body parametric models like SMPL, falter when only a small part of the human is visible, as they require visibility of most of the human body for accurate mesh reconstruction. To overcome this limitation, our method employs a “ ()” strategy, reconstructing human body parts independently before fusing them, thereby ensuring robustness against occlusions. We design () that independently reconstruct the mesh from a few shape and global-location parameters, without inter-part dependency. A specially designed fusion module then seamlessly integrates the reconstructed parts, even when only a few are visible. We harness a large volume of ground-truth SMPL data to train our parametric mesh models. To facilitate the training and evaluation of our method, we have established benchmark datasets featuring images of partially visible humans with annotations. Our experiments, conducted on these benchmark datasets, demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, particularly in scenarios with substantial invisibility, where traditional approaches struggle to maintain reconstruction quality."
Understanding Physical Dynamics with Counterfactual World Modeling
Authors: Honglin Chen*, Kevin Feigelis, Daniel M Bear, Khaled Jedoui, Klemen Kotar, Felix J Binder, Wanhee Lee, Sherry Liu, Kevin Smith, Judith E. Fan, Daniel Yamins Rahul Venkatesh*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The ability to understand physical dynamics is critical for agents to act in the world. Here, we use Counterfactual World Modeling (CWM) to extract vision structures for dynamics understanding. CWM uses a temporally-factored masking policy for masked prediction of video data without annotations. This policy enables highly effective “counterfactual prompting” of the predictor, allowing a spectrum of visual structures to be extracted from a single pre-trained predictor without finetuning on annotated datasets. We demonstrate that these structures are useful for physical dynamics understanding, allowing CWM to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the Physion benchmark. Code is available at https://neuroailab.github.io/cwm-physics/."
MIGS: Multi-Identity Gaussian Splatting via Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Grigorios Chrysos, Dimitris Samaras Aggelina Chatziagapi*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce (Multi-Identity Gaussian Splatting), a novel method that learns a single neural representation for multiple identities, using only monocular videos. Recent 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) approaches for human avatars require per-identity optimization. However, learning a multi-identity representation presents advantages in robustly animating humans under arbitrary poses. We propose to construct a high-order tensor that combines all the learnable 3DGS parameters for all the training identities. By assuming a low-rank structure and factorizing the tensor, we model the complex rigid and non-rigid deformations of multiple subjects in a unified network, significantly reducing the total number of parameters. Our proposed approach leverages information from all the training identities and enables robust animation under challenging unseen poses, outperforming existing approaches. It can also be extended to learn unseen identities. Project page: https://aggelinacha.github.io/MIGS/."
4Diff: 3D-Aware Diffusion Model for Third-to-First Viewpoint Translation
Authors: Mi Luo*, Huiyu Wang, Alex Dimakis, Lorenzo Torresani, Gedas Bertasius, Kristen Grauman Feng Cheng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present , a 3D-aware diffusion model addressing the exo-to-ego viewpoint translation task — generating first-person (egocentric) view images from the corresponding third-person (exocentric) images. Building on the diffusion model’s ability to generate photorealistic images, we propose a transformer-based diffusion model that incorporates geometry priors through two mechanisms: (i) egocentric point cloud rasterization and (ii) 3D-aware rotary cross-attention. Egocentric point cloud rasterization converts the input exocentric image into an egocentric layout, which is subsequently used by a diffusion image transformer. As a component of the diffusion transformer’s denoiser block, the 3D-aware rotary cross-attention further incorporates 3D information and semantic features from the source exocentric view. Our achieves state-of-the-art results on the challenging and diverse Ego-Exo4D multiview dataset and exhibits robust generalization to novel environments not encountered during training. Our code, processed data, and pretrained models are publicly available at https://klauscc.github.io/ 4diff."
Improving Point-based Crowd Counting and Localization Based on Auxiliary Point Guidance
Authors: Wei-Ting Chen, Yu-Wei Liu, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Sy-Yen Kuo* I-HSIANG CHEN
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Crowd counting and localization have become increasingly important in computer vision due to their wide-ranging applications. While point-based strategies have been widely used in crowd counting methods, they face a significant challenge, i.e., the lack of an effective learning strategy to guide the matching process. This deficiency leads to instability in matching point proposals to target points, adversely affecting overall performance. To address this issue, we introduce an effective approach to stabilize the proposal-target matching in point-based methods. We propose Auxiliary Point Guidance (APG) to provide clear and effective guidance for proposal selection and optimization, addressing the core issue of matching uncertainty. Additionally, we develop Implicit Feature Interpolation (IFI) to enable adaptive feature extraction in diverse crowd scenarios, further enhancing the model’s robustness and accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, showing significant improvements in crowd counting and localization performance, particularly under challenging conditions."
Nymeria: A Massive Collection of Egocentric Multi-modal Human Motion in the Wild
Authors: Yuting Ye, Rowan Postyeni, Alexander J Gamino, Vijay Baiyya, Luis Pesqueira, Kevin M Bailey, David Soriano Fosas, Fangzhou Hong, Vladimir Guzov, Yifeng Jiang, Hyo Jin Kim, Jakob Engel, Karen Liu, Ziwei Liu, Renzo De Nardi, Richard Newcombe Lingni Ma*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce - a large-scale, diverse, richly annotated human motion dataset collected in the wild with multiple multimodal egocentric devices. The dataset comes with a) full-body ground-truth motion; b) multiple multimodal egocentric data from Project Aria devices with videos, eye tracking, IMUs and etc; and c) an third-person perspective by an additional “observer”. All devices are precisely synchronized and localized in one metric 3D world. We derive hierarchical protocol to add in-context language descriptions of human motion, from fine-grain motion narrations, to simplified atomic actions and high-level activity summarization. To the best of our knowledge, dataset is the world’s largest human motion in the wild; first of its kind to provide synchronized and localized multi-device multimodal egocentric data; and the world’s largest motion-language dataset. It provides hours of daily activities from participants across locations, total travelling distance over . The language descriptions contain sentences in words from a vocabulary size of 6545. To demonstrate the potential of the dataset we evaluate several SOTA algorithms for egocentric body tracking, motion synthesis, and action recognition."
DreamStruct: Understanding Slides and User Interfaces via Synthetic Data Generation
Authors: Faria Huq, Yue Jiang, Jason Wu, Xin Yue Li, Jeffrey Bigham, Amy Pavel Yi-Hao Peng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Enabling machines to understand structured visuals like slides and user interfaces is essential for making them accessible to people with disabilities. However, achieving such understanding computationally has required manual data collection and annotation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To overcome this challenge, we present a method to generate synthetic, structured visuals with target labels using code generation. Our method allows people to create datasets with built-in labels and train models with a small number of human-annotated examples. We demonstrate performance improvements in three tasks for understanding slides and UIs: recognizing visual elements, describing visual content, and classifying visual content types."
SemTrack: A Large-scale Dataset for Semantic Tracking in the Wild
Authors: Xiaofei Hui, Jing Wu, Zile Yang, Kian Eng Ong, Xinge Zhao, Beijia Lu, Dezhao Huang, Evan Ling, Weiling Chen, Keng Teck Ma, Minhoe Hur, Jun Liu* Pengfei Wang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Knowing merely where the target is located is not sufficient for many real-life scenarios. In contrast, capturing rich details about the tracked target via its semantic trajectory, i.e. who/what this target is interacting with and when, where, and how they are interacting over time, is especially crucial and beneficial for various applications (e.g., customer analytics, public safety). We term such tracking as Semantic Tracking and define it as tracking the target based on the user’s input and then, most importantly, capturing the semantic trajectory of this target. Acquiring such information can have significant impacts on sales, public safety, etc. However, currently, there is no dataset for such comprehensive tracking of the target. To address this gap, we create SemTrack, a large and comprehensive dataset containing annotations of the target’s semantic trajectory. The dataset contains 6.7 million frames from 6961 videos, covering a wide range of 52 different interaction classes with 115 different object classes spanning 10 different supercategories in 12 types of different scenes, including both indoor and outdoor environments. We also propose SemTracker, a simple and effective method, and incorporate a meta-learning approach to better handle the challenges of this task. Our dataset and code can be found at https://sutdcv.github. io/SemTrack."
VideoMamba: Spatio-Temporal Selective State Space Model
Authors: Hee-Seon Kim, Kangwook Ko, Minbeom Kim, Changick Kim Jinyoung Park*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We introduce VideoMamba, a novel adaptation of the pure Mamba architecture, specifically designed for video recognition. Unlike transformers that rely on self-attention mechanisms leading to high computational costs by quadratic complexity, VideoMamba leverages Mamba’s linear complexity and selective SSM mechanism for more efficient processing. The proposed Spatio-Temporal Forward and Backward SSM allows the model to effectively capture the complex relationship between non-sequential spatial and sequential temporal information in video. Consequently, VideoMamba is not only resource-efficient but also effective in capturing long-range dependency in videos, demonstrated by competitive performance and outstanding efficiency on a variety of video understanding benchmarks. Our work highlights the potential of VideoMamba as a powerful tool for video understanding, offering a simple yet effective baseline for future research in video analysis."