mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Idempotent Unsupervised Representation Learning for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition
Authors: Lehong Wu, Jiahang Zhang, Jiaying Liu* Lilang Lin
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Generative models, as a powerful technique for generation, also gradually become a critical tool for recognition tasks. However, in skeleton-based action recognition, the features obtained from existing pre-trained generative methods contain redundant information unrelated to recognition, which contradicts the nature of the skeleton’s spatially sparse and temporally consistent properties, leading to undesirable performance. To address this challenge, we make efforts to bridge the gap in theory and methodology and propose a novel skeleton-based idempotent generative model (IGM) for unsupervised representation learning. More specifically, we first theoretically demonstrate the equivalence between generative models and maximum entropy coding, which demonstrates a potential route that makes the features of generative models more compact by introducing contrastive learning. To this end, we introduce the idempotency constraint to form a stronger consistency regularization in the feature space, to push the features only to maintain the critical information of motion semantics for the recognition task. Our extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, NTU RGB+D and PKUMMD, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. On the NTU 60 xsub dataset, we observe a performance improvement from 84.6% to 86.2%. Furthermore, in zero-shot adaptation scenarios, our model demonstrates significant efficacy by achieving promising results in cases that were previously unrecognizable. Our project is available at https://github. com/LanglandsLin/IGM."
Latent Guard: a Safety Framework for Text-to-image Generation
Authors: Ashkan Khakzar, Jindong Gu, Qifeng Chen*, Philip Torr, Fabio Pizzati* Runtao Liu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "With the ability to generate high-quality images, text-to-image (T2I) models can be exploited for creating inappropriate content. To prevent misuse, existing safety measures are either based on text blacklists, easily circumvented, or harmful content classification, using large datasets for training and offering low flexibility. Here, we propose , a framework designed to improve safety measures in text-to-image generation. Inspired by blacklist-based approaches, learns a latent space on top of the T2I model’s text encoder, where we check the presence of harmful concepts in the input text embeddings. Our framework is composed of a data generation pipeline specific to the task using large language models, ad-hoc architectural components, and a contrastive learning strategy to benefit from the generated data. Our method is evaluated on three datasets and against four baselines. redWarning: This paper contains potentially offensive text and images."
MacDiff: Unified Skeleton Modeling with Masked Conditional Diffusion
Authors: Lilang Lin, Jiahang Zhang, Yiyang Ma, Jiaying Liu* Lehong Wu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Self-supervised learning has proved effective for skeleton-based human action understanding. However, previous works either rely on contrastive learning that suffers false negative problems or are based on reconstruction that learns too much unessential low-level clues, leading to limited representations for downstream tasks. Recently, great advances have been made in generative learning, which is naturally a challenging yet meaningful pretext task to model the general underlying data distributions. However, the representation learning capacity of generative models is under-explored, especially for the skeletons with spacial sparsity and temporal redundancy. To this end, we propose Masked Conditional Diffusion (MacDiff) as a unified framework for human skeleton modeling. For the first time, we leverage diffusion models as effective skeleton representation learners. Specifically, we train a diffusion decoder conditioned on the representations extracted by a semantic encoder. Random masking is applied to encoder inputs to introduce a information bottleneck and remove redundancy of skeletons. Furthermore, we theoretically demonstrate that our generative objective involves the contrastive learning objective which aligns the masked and noisy views. Meanwhile, it also enforces the representation to complement for the noisy view, leading to better generalization performance. MacDiff achieves state-of-the-art performance on representation learning benchmarks while maintaining the competence for generative tasks. Moreover, we leverage the diffusion model for data augmentation, significantly enhancing the fine-tuning performance in scenarios with scarce labeled data. Our project is available at https://github.com/LehongWu/MacDiff."
TCC-Det: Temporarily consistent cues for weakly-supervised 3D detection
Authors: Lukáš Neumann Jan Skvrna*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Accurate object detection in LiDAR point clouds is a key prerequisite of robust and safe autonomous driving and robotics applications. Training the 3D object detectors currently involves the need to manually annotate vasts amounts of training data, which is very time-consuming and costly. As a result, the amount of annotated training data readily available is limited, and moreover these annotated datasets likely do not contain edge-case or otherwise rare instances, simply because the probability of them occurring in such a small dataset is low. In this paper, we propose a method to train 3D object detector without any need for manual annotations, by exploiting existing off-the-shelf vision components and by using the consistency of the world around us. The method can therefore be used to train a 3D detector by only collecting sensor recordings in the real world, which is extremely cheap and allows training using orders of magnitude more data than traditional fully-supervised methods. The method is evaluated on KITTI and Waymo Open datasets, where it outperforms all previous weakly-supervised methods and where it narrows the gap when compared to methods using human 3D labels. The source code of our method is publicly available at https://www.github. com/jskvrna/TCC-Det."
OPEN: Object-wise Position Embedding for Multi-view 3D Object Detection
Authors: Tong Wang, Xiaoqing Ye, Zhe Liu, Shi Gong, Xiao Tan, Errui Ding, Jingdong Wang, Xiang Bai* Jinghua Hou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Accurate depth information is crucial for enhancing the performance of multi-view 3D object detection. Despite the success of some existing multi-view 3D detectors utilizing pixel-wise depth supervision, they overlook two significant phenomena: 1) the depth supervision obtained from LiDAR points is usually distributed on the surface of the object, which is not so friendly to existing DETR-based 3D detectors due to the lack of the depth of 3D object center; 2) for distant objects, fine-grained depth estimation of the whole object is more challenging. Therefore, we argue that the object-wise depth (or 3D center of the object) is essential for accurate detection. In this paper, we propose a new multi-view 3D object detector named , whose main idea is to effectively inject object-wise depth information into the network through our proposed object-wise position embedding. Specifically, we first employ an object-wise depth encoder, which takes the pixel-wise depth map as a prior, to accurately estimate the object-wise depth. Then, we utilize the proposed object-wise position embedding to encode the object-wise depth information into the transformer decoder, thereby producing 3D object-aware features for final detection. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our proposed method. Furthermore, achieves a new state-of-the-art performance with 64.4% NDS and 56.7% mAP on the nuScenes test benchmark. The code is available at https://github. com/AlmoonYsl/OPEN."
FoundPose: Unseen Object Pose Estimation with Foundation Features
Authors: Yann Labbé, Bugra Tekin, Lingni Ma, Cem Keskin, Christian Forster, Tomas Hodan Evin Pınar Örnek*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We propose FoundPose, a model-based method for 6D pose estimation of unseen objects from a single RGB image. The method can quickly onboard new objects using their 3D models without requiring any object- or task-specific training. In contrast, existing methods typically pre-train on large-scale, task-specific datasets in order to generalize to new objects and to bridge the image-to-model domain gap. We demonstrate that such generalization capabilities can be observed in a recent vision foundation model trained in a self-supervised manner. Specifically, our method estimates the object pose from image-to-model 2D-3D correspondences, which are established by matching patch descriptors from the recent DINOv2 model between the image and pre-rendered object templates. We find that reliable correspondences can be established by kNN matching of patch descriptors from an intermediate DINOv2 layer. Such descriptors carry stronger positional information than descriptors from the last layer, and we show their importance when semantic information is ambiguous due to object symmetries or a lack of texture. To avoid establishing correspondences against all object templates, we develop an efficient template retrieval approach that integrates the patch descriptors into the bag-of-words representation and can promptly propose a handful of similarly looking templates. Additionally, we apply featuremetric alignment to compensate for discrepancies in the 2D-3D correspondences caused by coarse patch sampling. The resulting method noticeably outperforms existing RGB methods for refinement-free pose estimation on the standard BOP benchmark with seven diverse datasets and can be seamlessly combined with an existing render-and-compare refinement method to achieve RGB-only state-of-the-art results. Project page: evinpinar.github.io/foundpose."
Early Preparation Pays Off: New Classifier Pre-tuning for Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Haiquan Lu, Jia-wen Xiao, Enguang Wang, Le Zhang, Xialei Liu* Zhengyuan Xie
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Class incremental semantic segmentation aims to preserve old knowledge while learning new tasks, however, it is impeded by catastrophic forgetting and background shift issues. Prior works indicate the pivotal importance of initializing new classifiers and mainly focus on transferring knowledge from the background classifier or preparing classifiers for future classes, neglecting the flexibility and variance of new classifiers. In this paper, we propose a new classifier pre-tuning (NeST) method applied before the formal training process, learning a transformation from old classifiers to generate new classifiers for initialization rather than directly tuning the parameters of new classifiers. Our method can make new classifiers align with the backbone and adapt to the new data, preventing drastic changes in the feature extractor when learning new classes. Besides, we design a strategy considering the cross-task class similarity to initialize matrices used in the transformation, helping achieve the stability-plasticity trade-off. Experiments on Pascal VOC 2012 and ADE20K datasets show that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the performance of previous methods. The code is available at https://github.com/zhengyuan-xie/ ECCV24_NeST."
Kalman-Inspired Feature Propagation for Video Face Super-Resolution
Authors: Chongyi Li, Chen Change Loy* Ruicheng Feng
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Despite the promising progress of face image super-resolution, video face super-resolution remains relatively under-explored. Existing approaches either adapt general video super-resolution networks to face datasets or apply established face image super-resolution models independently on individual video frames. These paradigms encounter challenges either in reconstructing facial details or maintaining temporal consistency. To address these issues, we introduce a novel framework called Kalman-inspired Feature Propagation (), designed to maintain a stable face prior over time. The Kalman filtering principles offer our method a recurrent ability to use the information from previously restored frames to guide and regulate the restoration process of the current frame. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in capturing facial details consistently across video frames. Code and video demo are available at https://jnjaby.github.io/projects/KEEP/."
Select and Distill: Selective Dual-Teacher Knowledge Transfer for Continual Learning on Vision-Language Models
Authors: Chi-Pin Huang, Jr-Jen Chen, Kai-Po Chang, Yung-Hsuan Lai, Fu-En Yang, Yu-Chiang Frank Wang Yu-Chu Yu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have shown a strong zero-shot generalization capability on unseen-domain data. However, adapting pre-trained VLMs to a sequence of downstream tasks often leads to the forgetting of previously learned knowledge and a reduction in zero-shot classification performance. To tackle this problem, we propose a unique Selective Dual-Teacher Knowledge Transfer framework that leverages the most recent fine-tuned and the original pre-trained VLMs as dual teachers to preserve the previously learned knowledge and zero-shot capabilities, respectively. With only access to an unlabeled reference dataset, our proposed framework performs a selective knowledge distillation mechanism by measuring the feature discrepancy from the dual-teacher VLMs. Consequently, our selective dual-teacher knowledge distillation mitigates catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge while preserving the zero-shot capabilities of pre-trained VLMs. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our framework is favorable against state-of-the-art continual learning approaches for preventing catastrophic forgetting and zero-shot degradation. Project page: https://chuyu.org/research/snd."
VideoMamba: State Space Model for Efficient Video Understanding
Authors: Xinhao Li, Yi Wang*, Yinan He, Yali Wang*, Limin Wang*, Yu Qiao* Kunchang Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Addressing the dual challenges of local redundancy and global dependencies in video understanding, this work innovatively adapts the Mamba to the video domain. The proposed overcomes the limitations of existing 3D convolution neural networks (CNNs) and video transformers. Its linear-complexity operator enables efficient long-term modeling, which is crucial for high-resolution long video understanding. Extensive evaluations reveal ’s four core abilities: (1) Scalability in the visual domain without extensive dataset pretraining, thanks to a novel self-distillation technique; (2) Sensitivity for recognizing short-term actions even with fine-grained motion differences; (3) Superiority in long-term video understanding, showcasing significant advancements over traditional feature-based models; and (4) Compatibility with other modalities, demonstrating robustness in multi-modal contexts. Through these advantages, sets a new benchmark, offering a scalable and efficient solution for comprehensive video understanding."
SAFNet: Selective Alignment Fusion Network for Efficient HDR Imaging
Authors: Bo Li, Yike Xiong, Hao Zhang, Hong Gu, Jinwei Chen Lingtong Kong*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Multi-exposure High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging is a challenging task when facing truncated texture and complex motion. Existing deep learning-based methods have achieved great success by either following the alignment and fusion pipeline or utilizing attention mechanism. However, the large computation cost and inference delay hinder them from deploying on resource limited devices. In this paper, to achieve better efficiency, a novel Selective Alignment Fusion Network (SAFNet) for HDR imaging is proposed. After extracting pyramid features, it jointly refines valuable area masks and cross-exposure motion in selected regions with shared decoders, and then fuses high quality HDR image in an explicit way. This approach can focus the model on finding valuable regions while estimating their easily detectable and meaningful motion. For further detail enhancement, a lightweight refine module is introduced which enjoys privileges from previous optical flow, selection masks and initial prediction. Moreover, to facilitate learning on samples with large motion, a new window partition cropping method is presented during training. Experiments on public and newly developed challenging datasets show that proposed SAFNet not only exceeds previous SOTA competitors quantitatively and qualitatively, but also runs order of magnitude faster. Code and dataset is available at https: //github.com/ltkong218/SAFNet."
Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Scene Graph Prediction in 3D Point Clouds
Authors: Hao Liu, Yun Pei, Yulan Guo* Yanni Ma
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "3D Scene Graph Prediction (SGP) aims to recognize the objects and predict their semantic and spatial relationships in a 3D scene. Existing methods either exploit context information or emphasize knowledge prior to model the scene graph in a fully-connected homogeneous graph framework. However, these methods may lead to indiscriminate message passing among graph nodes (i.e., objects), resulting in sub-optimal performance. In this paper, we propose a 3D Heterogeneous Scene Graph Prediction (3D-HetSGP) framework, which performs graph reasoning on the 3D scene graph in a heterogeneous fashion. Specifically, our method consists of two stages: a heterogeneous graph structure learning (HGSL) stage and a heterogeneous graph reasoning (HGR) stage. In the HGSL stage, we learn the graph structure by predicting the types of different directed edges. In the HGR stage, message passing among nodes is performed on the learned graph structure for scene graph prediction. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves comparable or superior performance to existing methods on 3DSSG dataset."
Reason2Drive: Towards Interpretable and Chain-based Reasoning for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Renyuan Peng, Chunwei Wang, Xinyue Cai, Jianhua Han, Hang Xu*, Li Zhang* Ming Nie
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential, research in autonomous systems is hindered by the lack of datasets with annotated reasoning chains that explain the decision-making processes in driving. To bridge this gap, we present Reason2Drive, a benchmark dataset with over 600K video-text pairs, aimed at facilitating the study of interpretable reasoning in complex driving environments. We distinctly characterize the autonomous driving process as a sequential combination of perception, prediction, and reasoning steps, and the question-answer pairs are automatically collected from a diverse range of open-source outdoor driving datasets, including nuScenes, Waymo and ONCE. Moreover, we introduce a novel aggregated evaluation metric to assess chain-based reasoning performance in autonomous systems, addressing the reasoning ambiguities of existing metrics such as BLEU and CIDEr. Based on the proposed benchmark, we conduct experiments to assess various existing VLMs, revealing insights into their reasoning capabilities. Additionally, we develop an efficient approach to empower VLMs to leverage object-level perceptual elements in both feature extraction and prediction, further enhancing their reasoning accuracy. Extendable experiments demonstrate the supportive effect of Reason2Drive towards visual reasoning and downstream planning tasks."
Omniview-Tuning: Boosting Viewpoint Invariance of Vision-Language Pre-training Models
Authors: Yinpeng Dong, Liu Hanqing, Yao Huang, Hang Su, Xingxing Wei* Shouwei Ruan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) models like CLIP have achieved remarkable success in computer vision and particularly demonstrated superior robustness to distribution shifts of 2D images. However, their robustness under 3D viewpoint variations is still limited, which can hinder the development for real-world applications. This paper successfully addresses this concern while keeping VLPs’ original performance by breaking through two primary obstacles: 1) the scarcity of training data and 2) the suboptimal fine-tuning paradigms. To combat data scarcity, we build the Multi-View Caption (MVCap) dataset — a comprehensive collection of over four million multi-view image-text pairs across more than 100K objects, providing more potential for VLP models to develop generalizable viewpoint-invariant representations. To address the limitations of existing paradigms in performance trade-offs and training efficiency, we design a novel fine-tuning framework named Omniview-Tuning (OVT). Specifically, OVT introduces a Cross-Viewpoint Alignment objective through a minimax-like optimization strategy, which effectively aligns representations of identical objects from diverse viewpoints without causing overfitting. Additionally, OVT fine-tunes VLP models in a parameter-efficient manner, leading to minimal computational cost. Extensive experiments on various VLP models with different architectures validate that OVT significantly improves the models’ resilience to viewpoint shifts and keeps the original performance, establishing a pioneering standard for boosting the viewpoint invariance of VLP models. The code and dataset are available via https://github.com/Heathcliff-saku/Omniview Tuning"
Deep Cost Ray Fusion for Sparse Depth Video Completion
Authors: Soongjin Kim, Jaesik Park, Seungyong Lee* Jungeon Kim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "In this paper, we present a learning-based framework for sparse depth video completion. Given a sparse depth map and a color image at a certain viewpoint, our approach makes a cost volume that is constructed on depth hypothesis planes. To effectively fuse sequential cost volumes of the multiple viewpoints for improved depth completion, we introduce a learning-based cost volume fusion framework, namely RayFusion, that effectively leverages the attention mechanism for each pair of overlapped rays in adjacent cost volumes. As a result of leveraging feature statistics accumulated over time, our proposed framework consistently outperforms or rivals state-of-the-art approaches on diverse indoor and outdoor datasets, including the KITTI Depth Completion benchmark, VOID Depth Completion benchmark, and ScanNetV2 dataset, using much fewer network parameters."
GraphBEV: Towards Robust BEV Feature Alignment for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection
Authors: Lei Yang, Shaoqing Xu, Lin Liu, Dongyang Xu, Caiyan Jia*, Feiyang Jia, Li Wang Ziying Song
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Integrating LiDAR and camera information into Bird’s-Eye-View (BEV) representation has emerged as a crucial aspect of 3D object detection in autonomous driving. However, existing methods are susceptible to the inaccurate calibration relationship between LiDAR and the camera sensor. Such inaccuracies result in errors in depth estimation for the camera branch, ultimately causing misalignment between LiDAR and camera BEV features. In this work, we propose a robust fusion framework called GraphBEV. Addressing errors caused by inaccurate point cloud projection, we introduce a LocalAlign module that employs neighbor-aware depth features via Graph matching. Additionally, we propose a GlobalAlign module to rectify the misalignment between LiDAR and camera BEV features. Our GraphBEV framework achieves state-of-the-art performance, with an mAP of 70.1%, surpassing BEVFusion by 1.6% on the nuScenes validation set. Importantly, our GraphBEV outperforms BEVFusion by 8.3% under conditions with misalignment noise."
DINO-Tracker: Taming DINO for Self-Supervised Point Tracking in a Single Video
Authors: Assaf Singer, Shai Bagon, Tali Dekel Narek Tumanyan*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present – a new framework for long-term dense tracking in video. The pillar of our approach is combining test-time training on a single video, with the powerful localized semantic features learned by a pre-trained DINO-ViT model. Specifically, our framework simultaneously adopts DINO’s features to fit to the motion observations of the test video, while training a tracker that directly leverages the refined features. The entire framework is trained end-to-end using a combination of self-supervised losses, and regularization that allows us to retain and benefit from DINO’s semantic prior. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that our method achieves state-of-the-art results on known benchmarks. DINO-tracker significantly outperforms self-supervised methods and is competitive with state-of-the-art supervised trackers, while outperforming them in challenging cases of tracking under long-term occlusions."
GraspXL: Generating Grasping Motions for Diverse Objects at Scale
Authors: Sammy Christen, Zicong Fan, Otmar Hilliges, Jie Song Hui Zhang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Human hands possess the dexterity to interact with diverse objects such as grasping specific parts of the objects and/or approaching them from desired directions. More importantly, humans can grasp objects of any shape without object-specific skills. Recent works synthesize grasping motions following single objectives such as a desired approach heading direction or a grasping area. Moreover, they usually rely on expensive hand-object data during training and inference, which limits their capability to synthesize grasping motions for unseen objects at scale. In this paper, we unify the generation of hand-object grasping motions across multiple motion objectives, diverse object shapes and dexterous hand morphologies in a policy learning framework . The objectives are composed of the graspable area, heading direction, wrist rotation, and hand position. Without requiring any hand-object interaction data, our policy trained with 58 objects can robustly synthesize diverse grasping motions for more than 500k unseen objects with a success rate of 82.2%. At the same time, the policy adheres to objectives, which enables the generation of diverse grasps per object. Moreover, we show that our framework can be deployed to different dexterous hands and work with reconstructed or generated objects. We quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate our method to show the efficacy of our approach."
Source Prompt Disentangled Inversion for Boosting Image Editability with Diffusion Models
Authors: Ruihuang Li, Song Guo, Lei Zhang Ruibin Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Text-driven diffusion models have significantly advanced the image editing performance by using text prompts as inputs. One crucial step in text-driven image editing is to invert the original image into a latent noise code conditioned on the source prompt. While previous methods have achieved promising results by refactoring the image synthesizing process, the inverted latent noise code is tightly coupled with the source prompt, limiting the image editability by target text prompts. To address this issue, we propose a novel method called Source Prompt Disentangled Inversion (SPDInv), which aims at reducing the impact of source prompt, thereby enhancing the text-driven image editing performance by employing diffusion models. To make the inverted noise code be independent of the given source prompt as much as possible, we indicate that the iterative inversion process should satisfy a fixed-point constraint. Consequently, we transform the inversion problem into a searching problem to find the fixed-point solution, and utilize the pre-trained diffusion models to facilitate the searching process. The experimental results show that our proposed SPDInv method can effectively mitigate the conflicts between the target editing prompt and the source prompt, leading to a significant decrease in editing artifacts. In addition to text-driven image editing, with SPDInv we can easily adapt customized image generation models to localized editing tasks and produce promising performance. The source code are available at https://github.com/leeruibin/SPDInv."
Improving Intervention Efficacy via Concept Realignment in Concept Bottleneck Models
Authors: Jae Myung Kim, Karsten Roth, Zeynep Akata Nishad Singhi*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground image classification on human-understandable concepts to allow for interpretable model decisions as well as human interventions, in which expert users can modify misaligned concept choices to interpretably influence the decision of the model. However, existing approaches often require numerous human interventions per image to achieve strong performances, posing practical challenges in scenarios where obtaining human feedback is expensive. In this paper, we find that this is driven by an independent treatment of concepts during intervention, wherein a change of one concept does not influence the use of other ones. To address this issue, we introduce a trainable concept intervention realignment module, which leverages concept relations to realign concept assignments post-intervention. Across standard benchmarks, we find that concept realignment significantly improves intervention efficacy and reduces the number of interventions needed to reach a target classification performance or concept prediction accuracy. Moreover, it easily integrates into existing concept-based architectures without requiring changes to the models themselves. This reduced cost of human-model collaboration is crucial to enhance the feasibility of CBMs in resource-constrained environments. Our code is available at https://github.com/ExplainableML/"
JointDreamer: Ensuring Geometry Consistency and Text Congruence in Text-to-3D Generation via Joint Score Distillation
Authors: Yihan Zeng, Tianyang Hu, Songcen Xu, Wei Zhang, Hang Xu, Dit-Yan Yeung ChenHan Jiang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) by well-trained 2D diffusion models has shown great promise in text-to-3D generation. However, this paradigm distills view-agnostic 2D image distributions into the rendering distribution of 3D representation for each view independently, overlooking the coherence across views and yielding 3D inconsistency in generations. In this work, we propose Joint Score Distillation (JSD), a new paradigm that ensures coherent 3D generations. Specifically, we model the joint image distribution, which introduces an energy function to capture the coherence among denoised images from the diffusion model. We then derive the joint score distillation on multiple rendered views of the 3D representation, as opposed to a single view in SDS. In addition, we instantiate three universal view-aware models as energy functions, demonstrating compatibility with JSD. Empirically, JSD significantly mitigates the 3D inconsistency problem in SDS, while maintaining text congruence. Moreover, we introduce the Geometry Fading scheme and Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) Switching strategy to enhance generative details. Our framework, JointDreamer, establishes a new benchmark in text-to-3D generation, achieving outstanding results with an 88.5% CLIP R-Precision and 27.7% CLIP Score. These metrics demonstrate exceptional text congruence, as well as remarkable geometric consistency and texture fidelity."
Brain Netflix: Scaling Data to Reconstruct Videos from Brain Signals
Authors: Benjamin Lahner, Bowen Pan, Alex Andonian, Emilie L Josephs, Alex Lascelles, Aude Oliva Camilo L Fosco*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "The field of brain-to-stimuli reconstruction has seen significant progress in the last few years, but techniques continue to be subject-specific and are usually tested on a single dataset. In this work, we present a novel technique to reconstruct videos from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signals designed for performance across datasets and across human participants. Our pipeline accurately generates 2 and 3-second video clips from brain activity coming from distinct participants and different datasets by leveraging multi-dataset and multi-subject training. This helps us regress key latent and conditioning vectors for pretrained text-to-video and video-to-video models to reconstruct accurate videos that match the original stimuli observed by the participant. Key to our pipeline is the introduction of a 3-stage approach that first aligns fMRI signals to semantic embeddings, then regresses important vectors, and finally generates videos with those estimations. Our method demonstrates state-of-the-art reconstruction capabilities verified by qualitative and quantitative analyses, including crowd-sourced human evaluation. We showcase performance improvements across two datasets, as well as in multi-subject setups. Our ablation studies shed light on how different alignment strategies and data scaling decisions impact reconstruction performance, and we hint at a future for zero-shot reconstruction by analyzing how performance evolves as more subject data is leveraged."
Equivariant Spatio-Temporal Self-Supervision for LiDAR Object Detection
Authors: Suhas Lohit*, Kuan-Chuan Peng*, Michael J. Jones, Vishal M. Patel Deepti Hegde
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Popular representation learning methods encourage feature invariance under transformations applied at the input. However, in 3D perception tasks like object localization and segmentation, outputs are naturally equivariant to some transformations, such as rotation. Using pre-training loss functions that encourage equivariance of features under certain transformations provides a strong self-supervision signal while also retaining information of geometric relationships between transformed feature representations. This can enable improved performance in downstream tasks that are equivariant to such transformations. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal equivariant learning framework by considering both spatial and temporal augmentations jointly. Our experiments show that the best performance arises with a pre-training approach that encourages equivariance to translation, scaling, and flip, rotation and scene flow. For spatial augmentations, we find that depending on the transformation, either a contrastive objective or an equivariance-by-classification objective yields best results. To leverage real-world object deformations and motion, we consider sequential LiDAR scene pairs and develop a novel 3D scene flow-based equivariance objective that leads to improved performance overall. We show that our pre-training method for 3D object detection outperforms existing equivariant and invariant approaches in many settings."
"SLAck: Semantic, Location, and Appearance Aware Open-Vocabulary Tracking"
Authors: Lei Ke, Yung-Hsu Yang, Luigi Piccinelli, Mattia Segù, Martin Danelljan, Luc Van Gool Siyuan Li*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Open-vocabulary Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) aims to generalize trackers to novel categories not in the training set. Currently, the best-performing methods are mainly based on pure appearance matching. Due to the complexity of motion patterns in the large-vocabulary scenarios and unstable classification of the novel objects, the motion and semantics cues are either ignored or applied based on heuristics in the final matching steps by existing methods. In this paper, we present a unified framework SLAck that jointly considers semantics location, and appearance priors in the early steps of association and learns how to integrate all valuable information through a lightweight spatial and temporal object graph. Our method eliminates complex post-processing heuristics for fusing different cues and boosts the association performance significantly for large-scale open-vocabulary tracking. Without bells and whistles, we outperform previous state-of-the-art methods for novel classes tracking on the open-vocabulary MOT and TAO TETA benchmarks. Our code is available at github.com/siyuanliii/SLAck."
Tensorial template matching for fast cross-correlation with rotations and its application for tomography
Authors: Ulrike Homberg, J. M. Almira, Harold Phelippeau Antonio Martinez-Sanchez*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Object detection is a main task in computer vision. Template matching is the reference method for detecting objects with arbitrary templates. However, template matching computational complexity depends on the rotation accuracy, being a limiting factor for large 3D images (tomograms). Here, we implement a new algorithm called tensorial template matching, based on a mathematical framework that represents all rotations of a template with a tensor field. Contrary to standard template matching, the computational complexity of the presented algorithm is independent of the rotation accuracy. Using both, synthetic and real data from tomography, we demonstrate that tensorial template matching is much faster than template matching and has the potential to improve its accuracy."
FreeAugment: Data Augmentation Search Across All Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Niv Nayman, Lihi Zelnik-Manor Tom Bekor*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Data augmentation has become an integral part of deep learning, as it is known to improve the generalization capabilities of neural networks. Since the most effective set of image transformations differs between tasks and domains, automatic data augmentation search aims to alleviate the extreme burden of manually finding the optimal image transformations. However, current methods are not able to jointly optimize all degrees of freedom: (1) the number of transformations to be applied, their (2) types, (3) order, and (4) magnitudes. Many existing methods risk picking the same transformation more than once, limit the search to two transformations only, or search for the number of transformations exhaustively or iteratively in a myopic manner. Our approach, , is the first to achieve global optimization of all four degrees of freedom simultaneously, using a fully differentiable method. It efficiently learns the number of transformations and a probability distribution over their permutations, inherently refraining from redundant repetition while sampling. Our experiments demonstrate that this joint learning of all degrees of freedom significantly improves performance, achieving state-of-the-art results on various natural image benchmarks and beyond across other domains.1 1 Project page: https://tombekor.github.io/FreeAugment-web"
Learning Representations of Satellite Images From Metadata Supervision
Authors: Gohar Dashyan, Karteek Alahari, Jocelyn Chanussot Jules Bourcier*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Self-supervised learning is increasingly applied to Earth observation problems that leverage satellite and other remotely sensed data. Within satellite imagery, metadata such as time and location often hold significant semantic information that improves scene understanding. In this paper, we introduce Satellite Metadata-Image Pretraining (SatMIP), a new approach for harnessing metadata in the pretraining phase through a flexible and unified multimodal learning objective. SatMIP represents metadata as textual captions and aligns images with metadata in a shared embedding space by solving a metadata-image contrastive task. Our model learns a non-trivial image representation that can effectively handle recognition tasks. We further enhance this model by combining image self-supervision and metadata supervision, introducing SatMIPS. As a result, SatMIPS improves over its image-image pretraining baseline, SimCLR, and accelerates convergence. Comparison against four recent contrastive and masked autoencoding-based methods for remote sensing also highlight the efficacy of our approach. Furthermore, our framework enables multimodal classification with metadata to improve the performance of visual features, and yields more robust hierarchical pretraining. Code and pretrained models will be made available at: https://github.com/preligens-lab/satmip.
I2-SLAM: Inverting Imaging Process for Robust Photorealistic Dense SLAM
Authors: Changwoon Choi, Hyeongjun Heo, Sang Min Kim, Young Min Kim* Gwangtak Bae
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "We present an inverse image-formation module that can enhance the robustness of existing visual SLAM pipelines for casually captured scenarios. Casual video captures often suffer from motion blur and varying appearances, which degrade the final quality of coherent 3D visual representation. We propose integrating the physical imaging into the SLAM system, which employs linear HDR radiance maps to collect measurements. Specifically, individual frames aggregate images of multiple poses along the camera trajectory to explain prevalent motion blur in hand-held videos. Additionally, we accommodate per-frame appearance variation by dedicating explicit variables for image formation steps, namely white balance, exposure time, and camera response function. Through joint optimization of additional variables, the SLAM pipeline produces high-quality images with more accurate trajectories. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can be incorporated into recent visual SLAM pipelines using various scene representations, such as neural radiance fields or Gaussian splatting. Project website"
FlashTex: Fast Relightable Mesh Texturing with LightControlNet
Authors: Timothy Omernick, Alexander B Weiss, Deva Ramanan, Jun-Yan Zhu, Tinghui Zhou, Maneesh Agrawala Kangle Deng*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Manually creating textures for 3D meshes is time-consuming, even for expert visual content creators. We propose a fast approach for automatically texturing an input 3D mesh based on a user-provided text prompt. Importantly, our approach disentangles lighting from surface material/reflectance in the resulting texture so that the mesh can be properly relit and rendered in any lighting environment. We introduce LightControlNet, a new text-to-image model based on the ControlNet architecture, which allows the specification of the desired lighting as a conditioning image to the model. Our text-to-texture pipeline then constructs the texture in two stages. The first stage produces a sparse set of visually consistent reference views of the mesh using LightControlNet. The second stage applies a texture optimization based on Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) that works with LightControlNet to increase the texture quality while disentangling surface material from lighting. Our algorithm is significantly faster than previous text-to-texture methods, while producing high-quality and relightable textures."
GS-Pose: Category-Level Object Pose Estimation via Geometric and Semantic Correspondence
Authors: Takuya Ikeda, Robert Lee, Koichi Nishiwaki Pengyuan Wang*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Category-level pose estimation is a challenging task with many potential applications in computer vision and robotics. Recently, deep-learning-based approaches have made great progress, but are typically hindered by the need for large datasets of either pose-labelled real images or carefully tuned photorealistic simulators. This can be avoided by using only geometry inputs such as depth images to reduce the domain-gap but these approaches suffer from a lack of semantic information, which can be vital in the pose estimation problem. To resolve this conflict, we propose to utilize both geometric and semantic features obtained from a pre-trained foundation model. Our approach projects 2D semantic features into object models as 3D semantic point clouds. Based on the novel 3D representation, we further propose a self-supervision pipeline, and match the fused semantic point clouds against their synthetic rendered partial observations from synthetic object models. The learned knowledge from synthetic data generalizes to observations of unseen objects in the real scenes, without any fine-tuning. We demonstrate this with a rich evaluation on the NOCS, Wild6D and SUN RGB-D benchmarks, showing superior performance over geometric-only and semantic-only baselines with significantly fewer training objects."
ArtVLM: Attribute Recognition Through Vision-Based Prefix Language Modeling
Authors: Keren Ye*, Junjie Ke, Jiahui Yu, Leonidas Guibas, Peyman Milanfar, Feng Yang* William Yicheng Zhu*
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: "Recognizing and disentangling visual attributes from objects is a foundation to many computer vision applications. While large vision-language representations like CLIP had largely resolved the task of zero-shot object recognition, zero-shot visual attribute recognition remains a challenge because CLIP’s contrastively-learned vision-language representation cannot effectively capture object-attribute dependencies. In this paper, we target this weakness and propose a sentence generation-based retrieval formulation for attribute recognition that is novel in 1) explicitly modeling a to-be-measured and retrieved object-attribute relation as a conditional probability graph, which converts the recognition problem into a dependency-sensitive language-modeling problem, and 2) applying a large pretrained Vision-Language Model (VLM) on this reformulation and naturally distilling its knowledge of image-object-attribute relations to use towards attribute recognition. Specifically, for each attribute to be recognized on an image, we measure the visual-conditioned probability of generating a short sentence encoding the attribute’s relation to objects on the image. Unlike contrastive retrieval, which measures likelihood by globally aligning elements of the sentence to the image, generative retrieval is sensitive to the order and dependency of objects and attributes in the sentence. We demonstrate through experiments that generative retrieval consistently outperforms contrastive retrieval on two visual reasoning datasets, Visual Attribute in the Wild (VAW), and our newly-proposed Visual Genome Attribute Ranking (VGARank)."