mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
MaskConnect: Connectivity Learning by Gradient Descent
Authors: Lorenzo Torresani Karim Ahmed
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Although deep networks have recently emerged as the model of choice for many computer vision problems, in order to yield good results they often require time-consuming architecture search. To combat the complexity of design choices, prior work has adopted the principle of modularized design which consists in defining the network in terms of a composition of topologically identical or similar building blocks (a.k.a. modules). This reduces architecture search to the problem of determining the number of modules to compose and how to connect such modules. Again, for reasons of design complexity and training cost, previous approaches have relied on simple rules of connectivity, e.g., connecting each module to only the immediately preceding module or perhaps to all of the previous ones. Such simple connectivity rules are unlikely to yield the optimal architecture for the given problem. In this work we remove these predefined choices and propose an algorithm to learn the connections between modules in the network. Instead of being chosen a priori by the human designer, the connectivity is learned simultaneously with the weights of the network by optimizing the loss function of the end task using a modified version of gradient descent. We demonstrate our connectivity learning method on the problem of multi-class image classification using two popular architectures: ResNet and ResNeXt. Experiments on four different datasets show that connectivity learning using our approach yields consistently higher accuracy compared to relying on traditional predefined rules of connectivity. Furthermore, in certain settings it leads to significant savings in number of parameters.
Exploring Visual Relationship for Image Captioning
Authors: Yingwei Pan, Yehao Li, Tao Mei Ting Yao
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: It is always well believed that modeling relationships between objects would be helpful for representing and eventually describing an image. Nevertheless, there has not been evidence in support of the idea on image description generation. In this paper, we introduce a new design to explore the connections between objects for image captioning under the umbrella of attention-based encoder-decoder framework. Specifically, we present Graph Convolutional Networks plus Long Short-Term Memory (dubbed as GCN-LSTM) architecture that novelly integrates both semantic and spatial object relationships into image encoder. Technically, we build graphs over the detected objects in an image based on their spatial and semantic connections. The representations of each region proposed on objects are then refined by leveraging graph structure through GCN. With the learnt region-level features, our GCN-LSTM capitalizes on LSTM-based captioning framework with attention mechanism for sentence generation. Extensive experiments are conducted on COCO image captioning dataset, and superior results are reported when comparing to state-of-the-art approaches. More remarkably, GCN-LSTM increases CIDEr-D performance from 120.1% to 128.7% on COCO testing set.
Diagnosing Error in Temporal Action Detectors
Authors: Fabian Caba Heilbron, Victor Escorcia, Bernard Ghanem Humam Alwassel
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Despite the recent progress in video understanding and the continuous rate of improvement in temporal action localization throughout the years, it is still unclear how far (or close?) we are to solving the problem. To this end, we introduce a new diagnostic tool to analyze the performance of temporal action detectors in videos and compare different methods beyond a single scalar metric. We exemplify the use of our tool by analyzing the performance of the top rewarded entries in the latest ActivityNet action localization challenge. Our analysis shows that the most impactful areas to work on are: strategies to better handle temporal context around the instances, improving the robustness w.r.t. the instance absolute and relative size, and strategies to reduce the localization errors. Moreover, our experimental analysis finds the lack of agreement among annotator is not a major roadblock to attain progress in the field. Our diagnostic tool is publicly available to keep fueling the minds of other researchers with additional insights about their algorithms.
Efficient Semantic Scene Completion Network with Spatial Group Convolution
Authors: Hao Zhao, Anbang Yao, Yurong Chen, Li Zhang, Hongen Liao Jiahui Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We introduce Spatial Group Convolution (SGC) for accelerating the computation of 3D dense prediction tasks. SGC is orthogonal to group convolution, which works on spatial dimensions rather than feature channel dimension. It divides input voxels into different groups, then conducts 3D sparse convolution on these separated groups. As only valid voxels are considered when performing convolution, computation can be significantly reduced with a slight loss of accuracy. The proposed operations are validated on semantic scene completion task, which aims to predict a complete 3D volume with semantic labels from a single depth image. With SGC, we further present an efficient 3D sparse convolutional network, which harnesses a multiscale architecture and a coarse-to-fine prediction strategy. Evaluations are conducted on the SUNCG dataset, achieving state-of-the-art performance and fast speed.
Task-driven Webpage Saliency
Authors: Jianbo Jiao, Ying Cao, Rynson W.H. Lau Quanlong Zheng
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we present an end-to-end learning framework for predicting task-driven visual saliency on webpages. Given a webpage, we propose a convolutional neural network to predict where people look at it under different task conditions. Inspired by the observation that given a specific task, human attention is strongly correlated with certain semantic components on a webpage (e.g., images, buttons and input boxes), our network explicitly disentangles saliency prediction into two independent sub-tasks: task-specific attention shift prediction and task-free saliency prediction. The task-specific branch estimates task-driven attention shift over a webpage from its semantic components, while the task-free branch infers visual saliency induced by visual features of the webpage. The outputs of the two branches are combined to produce the final prediction. Such a task decomposition framework allows us to efficiently learn our model from a small-scale task-driven saliency dataset with sparse labels (captured under a single task condition). Experimental results show that our method outperforms the baselines and prior works, achieving state-of-the-art performance on a newly collected benchmark dataset for task-driven webpage saliency detection.
Multi-Scale Context Intertwining for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Yuanfeng Ji, Dani Lischinski, Daniel Cohen-Or, Hui Huang Di Lin
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Accurate semantic image segmentation requires the joint consideration of local appearance, semantic information, and global scene context. In today’s age of pre-trained deep networks and their powerful convolutional features, state-of-the-art semantic segmentation approaches differ mostly in how they choose to combine together these different kinds of information. In this work, we propose a novel scheme for aggregating features from different scales, which we refer to as Multi-Scale Context Intertwining (MSCI). In contrast to previous approaches, which typically propagate information between scales in a one-directional manner, we merge pairs of feature maps in a bidirectional and recurrent fashion, via connections between two LSTM chains. By training the parameters of the LSTM units on the segmentation task, the above approach learns how to extract powerful and effective features for pixel-level semantic segmentation, which are then combined hierarchically. Furthermore, rather than using fixed information propagation routes, we subdivide images into super-pixels, and use the spatial relationship between them in order to perform image-adapted context aggregation. Our extensive evaluation on public benchmarks indicates that all of the aforementioned components of our approach increase the effectiveness of information propagation throughout the network, and significantly improve its eventual segmentation accuracy.
Multiple-gaze geometry: Inferring novel 3D locations from gazes observed in monocular video
Authors: Jinyan Guan, Tanya Jeffries, Kobus Barnard Ernesto Brau
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We develop using person gaze direction for scene understanding. In particular, we use intersecting gazes to learn 3D locations that people tend to look at, which is analogous to having multiple camera views. The 3D locations that we discover need not be visible to the camera. Conversely, knowing 3D locations of scene elements that draw visual attention, such as other people in the scene, can help infer gaze direction. We provide a Bayesian generative model for the temporal scene that captures the joint probability of camera parameters, locations of people, their gaze, what they are looking at, and locations of visual attention. Both the number of people in the scene and the number of extra objects that draw attention are unknown and need to be inferred. To execute this joint inference we use a probabilistic data association approach that enables principled comparison of model hypotheses. We use MCMC for inference over the discrete correspondence variables, and approximate the marginalization over continuous parameters using the Metropolis-Laplace approximation, using Hamiltonian (Hybrid) Monte Carlo for maximization. As existing data sets do not provide the 3D locations of what people are looking at, we contribute a small data set that does. On this data set, we infer what people are looking at with 59% precision compared with 13% for a baseline approach, and where those objects are within about 0.58m.
HybridFusion: Real-Time Performance Capture Using a Single Depth Sensor and Sparse IMUs
Authors: Tao Yu, Hao Li, Kaiwen Guo, Qionghai Dai, Lu Fang, Yebin Liu Zerong Zheng
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose a light-weight and highly robust real-time human performance capture method based on a single depth camera and sparse inertial measurement units (IMUs). The proposed method combines non-rigid surface tracking and volumetric surface fusion to simultaneously reconstruct challenging motions, detailed geometries and the inner human body shapes of a clothed subject. The proposed hybrid motion tracking algorithm and efficient per-frame sensor calibration technique enable non-rigid surface reconstruction for fast motions and challenging poses with severe occlusions. Significant fusion artifacts are reduced using a new confidence measurement for our adaptive TSDF-based fusion. The above contributions benefit each other in our real-time reconstruction system, which enable practical human performance capture that is real-time, robust, low-cost and easy to deploy. Our experiments show how extremely challenging performances and loop closure problems can be handled successfully.
Macro-Micro Adversarial Network for Human Parsing
Authors: Zhedong Zheng, Liang Zheng, Tao Guan, Junqing Yu, Yi Yang Yawei Luo
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In human parsing, the pixel-wise classification loss has drawbacks in its low-level local inconsistency and high-level semantic inconsistency. The introduction of the adversarial network tackles the two problems using a single discriminator. However, the two types of parsing inconsistency are generated by distinct mechanisms, so it is difficult for a single discriminator to solve them both. To address the two kinds of inconsistencies, this paper proposes the Macro-Micro Adversarial Net (MMAN). It has two discriminators. One discriminator, Macro D, acts on the low-resolution label map and penalizes semantic inconsistency, e.g., misplaced body parts. The other discriminator, Micro D, focuses on multiple patches of the high-resolution label map to address the local inconsistency, e.g., blur and hole. Compared with traditional adversarial networks, MMAN not only enforces local and semantic consistency explicitly, but also avoids the poor convergence problem of adversarial networks when handling high resolution images. In our experiment, we validate that the two discriminators are complementary to each other in improving the human parsing accuracy. The proposed framework is capable of producing competitive parsing performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods, i.e., mIoU=46.81% and 59.91% on LIP and PASCAL-Person-Part, respectively. On a relatively small dataset PPSS, our pre-trained model demonstrates impressive generalization ability.
Pivot Correlational Neural Network for Multimodal Video Categorization
Authors: Junyeong Kim, Hyunsoo Choi, Sungjin Kim, Chang D. Yoo Sunghun Kang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper considers an architecture for multimodal video categorization referred to as Pivot Correlational Neural Network (Pivot CorrNN). The architecture is trained to maximizes the correlation between the hidden states as well as the predictions of the modal-agnostic pivot stream and modal-specific stream in the network. Here, the modal-agnostic pivot hidden state considers all modal inputs without distinction while the modal-specific hidden state is dedicated exclusively to one specific modal input. The Pivot CorrNN consists of three modules: (1) maximizing pivot-correlation module that attempts to maximally correlate the modal-agnostic and a modal-specific hidden-state as well as their predictions, (2) contextual Gated Recurrent Unit (cGRU) module which extends the capability of a generic GRU to take multimodal inputs in updating the pivot hidden-state, and (3) adaptive aggregation module that aggregates all modal-specific predictions as well as the modal-agnostic pivot predictions into one final prediction. We evaluate the Pivot CorrNN on two publicly available large-scale multimodal video categorization datasets, FCVID and YouTube-8M. From the experimental results, Pivot CorrNN achieves the best performance on the FCVID database and performance comparable to the state-of-the-art on YouTube-8M database.
Semantically Aware Urban 3D Reconstruction with Plane-Based Regularization
Authors: Michael Maurer, Friedrich Fraundorfer, Horst Bischof Thomas Holzmann
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose a method for urban 3D reconstruction, which incorporates semantic information and plane priors within the reconstruction process in order to generate visually appealing 3D models. We introduce a plane detection algorithm using 3D lines, which detects a more complete and less spurious plane set compared to point-based methods in urban environments. Further, the proposed normalized visibility-based energy formulation eases the combination of several energy terms within a tetrahedra occupancy labeling algorithm and, hence, is well suited for combining it with class specific smoothness terms. As a result, we produce visually appealing and detailed building models (i.e., straight edges and planar surfaces) and a smooth reconstruction of the surroundings.
AugGAN: Cross Domain Adaptation with GAN-based Data Augmentation
Authors: Che-Tsung Lin, Shu-Ping Chen, Yen-Yi Wu, Po-Hao Hsu, Shang-Hong Lai Sheng-Wei Huang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Deep learning based image-to-image translation methods aim at learning the joint distribution of the two domains and finding transformations between them. Despite recent GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) based methods have shown compelling visual results, they are prone to fail at preserving image-objects and maintaining translation consistency when faced with large and complex domain shifts, which reduces their practicality on tasks such as generating large-scale training data for different domains. To address this problem, we purpose a weakly supervised structure-aware image-to-image translation network, which is composed of encoders, generators, discriminators and parsing nets for the two domains, respectively, in a unified framework. The purposed network generates more visually plausible images of a different domain compared to the competing methods on different image-translation tasks. In addition, we quantitatively evaluate different methods by training Faster-RCNN and YOLO with datasets generated from the image-translation results and demonstrate significant improvement of the detection accuracies by using the proposed image-object preserving network.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation via Class-Balanced Self-Training
Authors: Zhiding Yu, B.V.K. Vijaya Kumar, Jinsong Wang Yang Zou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recent deep networks achieved state of the art performanceon a variety of semantic segmentation tasks. Despite such progress, thesemodels often face challenges in real world “wild tasks” where large differ-ence between labeled training/source data and unseen test/target dataexists. In particular, such difference is often referred to as “domain gap”,and could cause significantly decreased performance which cannot beeasily remedied by further increasing the representation power. Unsuper-vised domain adaptation (UDA) seeks to overcome such problem withouttarget domain labels. In this paper, we propose a novel UDA frameworkbased on an iterative self-training (ST) procedure, where the problemis formulated as latent variable loss minimization, and can be solved byalternatively generating pseudo labels on target data and re-training themodel with these labels. On top of ST, we also propose a novel class-balanced self-training (CBST) framework to avoid the gradual domi-nance of large classes on pseudo-label generation, and introduce spatialpriors to refine generated labels. Comprehensive experiments show thatthe proposed methods achieve state of the art semantic segmentationperformance under multiple major UDA settings.
Fictitious GAN: Training GANs with Historical Models
Authors: Yin Xia, Xu Chen, Randall Berry, Ying Wu Hao Ge
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are powerful tools for learning generative models. In practice, the training may suffer from lack of convergence. GANs are commonly viewed as a two-player zero-sum game between two neural networks. Here, we leverage this game theoretic view to study the convergence behavior of the training process. Inspired by the fictitious play learning process, a novel training method, referred to as Fictitious GAN, is introduced. Fictitious GAN trains the deep neural networks using a mixture of historical models. Specifically, the discriminator (resp. generator) is updated according to the best-response to the mixture outputs from a sequence of previously trained generators (resp. discriminators). It is shown that Fictitious GAN can effectively resolve some convergence issues that cannot be resolved by the standard training approach. It is proved that asymptotically the average of the generator outputs has the same distribution as the data samples.
Perturbation Robust Representations of Topological Persistence Diagrams
Authors: Kowshik Thopalli, Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy, Vinay Venkataraman, Ankita Shukla, Pavan Turaga Anirudh Som
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Topological methods for data analysis present opportunities for enforcing certain invariances of broad interest in computer vision, including view-point in activity analysis, articulation in shape analysis, and measurement invariance in non-linear dynamical modeling. The increasing success of these methods is attributed to the complementary information that topology provides, as well as availability of tools for computing topological summaries such as persistence diagrams. However, persistence diagrams are multi-sets of points and hence it is not straightforward to fuse them with features used for contemporary machine learning tools like deep-nets. In this paper we present theoretically well-grounded approaches to develop novel perturbation robust topological representations, with the long-term view of making them amenable to fusion with contemporary learning architectures. We term the proposed representation as Perturbed Topological Signatures, which live on a Grassmann manifold and hence can be efficiently used in machine learning pipelines. We explore the use of the proposed descriptor on three applications: 3D shape analysis, view-invariant activity analysis, and non-linear dynamical modeling. We show favorable results in both high-level recognition performance and time-complexity when compared to other baseline methods.
DPP-Net: Device-aware Progressive Search for Pareto-optimal Neural Architectures
Authors: An-Chieh Cheng, Da-Cheng Juan, Wei Wei, Min Sun Jin-Dong Dong
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recent breakthroughs in Neural Architectural Search (NAS) have achieved state-of-the-art performances in applications such as image classification and language modeling. However, these techniques typically ignore device-related objectives such as inference time, memory usage, and power consumption. Optimizing neural architecture for device-related objectives is immensely crucial for deploying deep networks on portable devices with limited computing resources. We propose DPP-Net: Device-aware Progressive Search for Pareto-optimal Neural Architectures, optimizing for both device-related (e.g., inference time and memory usage) and device-agnostic (e.g., accuracy and model size) objectives. DPP-Net employs a compact search space inspired by current state-of-the-art mobile CNNs, and further improves search efficiency by adopting progressive search (Liu et al. 2017). Experimental results on CIFAR-10 are poised to demonstrate the effectiveness of Pareto-optimal networks found by DPP-Net, for three different devices: (1) a workstation with Titan X GPU, (2) NVIDIA Jetson TX1 embedded system, and (3) mobile phone with ARM Cortex-A53. Compared to CondenseNet and NASNet (Mobile), DPP-Net achieves better performances: higher accuracy and shorter inference time on various devices. Additional experimental results show that models found by DPP-Net also achieve considerably-good performance on ImageNet as well.
SketchyScene: Richly-Annotated Scene Sketches
Authors: Qian Yu, Ruofei Du, Haoran Mo, Yi-Zhe Song, Tao Xiang, Chengying Gao, Baoquan Chen, Hao Zhang Changqing Zou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We contribute the rst large-scale dataset of scene sketches, SketchyScene, with the goal of advancing research on sketch understanding at both the object and scene level. The dataset is created through a novel and carefully designed crowdsourcing pipeline, enabling users to eciently generate large quantities realistic and diverse scene sketches. SketchyScene contains more than 29,000 scene-level sketches, 7,000+ pairs of scene templates and photos, and 11,000+ object sketches. All objects in the scene sketches have ground-truth semantic and instance masks. The dataset is also highly scalable and extensible, easily allowing augmenting and/or changing scene composition. We demonstrate the potential impact of SketchyScene by training new computational models for semantic segmentation of scene sketches and showing how the new dataset enables several applications including image retrieval, sketch colorization, editing, and captioning, etc. The dataset and code can be found at https://github.com/SketchyScene/SketchyScene.
Contour Knowledge Transfer for Salient Object Detection
Authors: Fan Yang, Hong Cheng, Wei Liu, Dinggang Shen Xin Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: In recent years, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have broken all records in salient object detection. However, training such a deep model requires a large amount of manual annotations. Our goal is to overcome this limitation by automatically converting an existing deep contour detection model into a salient object detection model without using any manual salient object masks. For this purpose, we have created a deep network architecture, namely Contour-to-Saliency Network (C2S-Net), by grafting a new branch onto a well-trained contour detection network. Therefore, our C2S-Net has two branches for performing two different tasks: 1) predicting contours with the original contour branch, and 2) estimating per-pixel saliency score of each image with the newly-added saliency branch. To bridge the gap between these two tasks, we further propose a contour-to-saliency transferring method to automatically generate salient object masks which can be used to train the saliency branch from outputs of the contour branch. Finally, we introduce a novel alternating training pipeline to gradually update the network parameters. In this scheme, the contour branch generates saliency masks for training the saliency branch, while the saliency branch, in turn, feeds back saliency knowledge in the form of saliency-aware contour labels, for fine-tuning the contour branch. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five well-known benchmarks, outperforming existing fully supervised methods while also maintaining high efficiency.
Scenes-Objects-Actions: A Multi-Task, Multi-Label Video Dataset
Authors: Heng Wang, Du Tran, Yufei Wang, Matt Feiszli, Lorenzo Torresani, Manohar Paluri Jamie Ray
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper introduces a large-scale, multi-label and multitask video dataset named Scenes-Objects-Actions (SOA). Most prior video datasets are based on a predened taxonomy, which is used to de- ne the keyword queries issued to search engines. The videos retrieved by the search engines are then veried for correctness by human annotators. Datasets collected in this manner tend to generate high classication accuracy as search engines typically rank easy" videos rst. The SOA dataset adopts a dierent approach. We rely on uniform sampling to get a better representations of videos on the Web. Trained annotators are asked to provide free-form text labels describing each video in three dierent aspects: scene, object and action. These raw labels are then merged, split and renamed to generate a taxonomy for SOA. All the annotations are veried again based on the taxonomy. The nal dataset includes 562K videos with 3.64M annotations spanning 49 categories for scenes, 356 for objects, and 148 for actions. We show that datasets collected in this way are quite challenging by evaluating existing popular video models on SOA. We provide in-depth analysis about the performance of dierent models on SOA, and highlight potential new directions in video classication. A key-feature of SOA is that it enables the empirical study of correlation among scene, object and action recognition in video. We present results of this study and further analyze the potential of using the information learned from one task to improve the others. We compare SOA with existing datasets in the context of transfer learning and demonstrate that pre-training on SOA consistently improves the accuracy on a wide variety of datasets. We believe that the challenges presented by SOA oer the opportunity for further advancement in video analysis as we progress from single-label classication towards a more comprehensive understanding of video data.
Saliency Detection in 360° Videos
Authors: Yanyu Xu, Jingyi Yu, Shenghua Gao Ziheng Zhang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper presents a novel spherical convolutional neural network based scheme for saliency detection for 360° videos. Specifically, in our spherical convolution neural network definition, kernel is defined on a spherical crown, and the convolution involves the rotation of the kernel along the sphere. Considering that the 360° videos are usually stored with equirectangular panorama, we propose to implement the spherical convolution on panorama by stretching and rotating the kernel based on the location of patch to be convolved. Compared with existing spherical convolution, our definition has the parameter sharing property, which would greatly reduce the parameters to be learned. We further take the temporal coherence of the viewing process into consideration, and propose a sequential saliency detection by leveraging a spherical U-Net. To validate our approach, we construct a large-scale 360° videos saliency detection benchmark that consists of 104 360° videos viewed by 20+ human subjects. Comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our spherical U-net for 360° video saliency detection.
DetNet: Design Backbone for Object Detection
Authors: Chao Peng, Gang Yu, Xiangyu Zhang, Yangdong Deng, Jian Sun Zeming Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recent CNN based object detectors, either one-stage methods like YOLO, SSD, and RetinaNet, or two-stage detectors like Faster R-CNN, R-FCN and FPN, are usually trying to directly finetune from ImageNet pre-trained models designed for the task of image classification. However, there has been little work discussing the backbone feature extractor specifically designed for the task of object detection. More importantly, there are several differences between the tasks of image classification and object detection. (1) Recent object detectors like FPN and RetinaNet usually involve extra stages against the task of image classification to handle the objects with various scales. (2) Object detection not only needs to recognize the category of the object instances but also spatially locate them. Large downsampling factors bring large valid receptive field, which is good for image classification but compromises the object location ability. Due to the gap between the image classification and object detection, we propose DetNet in this paper, which is a novel backbone network specifically designed for object detection. Moreover, DetNet includes the extra stages against traditional backbone network for image classification, while maintains high spatial resolution in deeper layers. Without any bells and whistles, state-of-the-art results have been obtained for both object detection and instance segmentation on the MSCOCO benchmark based on our DetNet~(4.8G FLOPs) backbone. Codes will be released.
Facial Dynamics Interpreter Network: What are the Important Relations between Local Dynamics for Facial Trait Estimation?
Authors: Yong Man Ro Seong Tae Kim
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Human face analysis is an important task in computer vision. According to cognitive-psychological studies, facial dynamics could provide crucial cues for face analysis. The motion of a facial local region in facial expression is related to the motion of other facial local regions. In this paper, a novel deep learning approach has been proposed to interpret the important relations between local dynamics for estimating facial traits from expression sequence. The facial dynamics interpreter network is designed to be able to encode a relational importance, which is used for interpreting the relation between facial local dynamics and estimating facial traits. By comparative experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated. The important relations between facial local dynamics are interpreted by the proposed method in gender classification and age estimation. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in gender classification and age estimation.
Video Object Segmentation by Learning Location-Sensitive Embeddings
Authors: Chunyu Wang, Yizhou Wang Hai Ci
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We address the problem of video object segmentation which outputs the masks of a target object throughout a video given only a bounding box in the first frame. There are two main challenges for this task. First, the background may contain similar objects as the target. Second, the appearance of the target object may change drastically over time. To tackle these challenges, we propose an end-to-end training network which accomplishes foreground predictions by leveraging the location-sensitive embeddings which are capable to distinguish the pixels of similar objects. To deal with appearance changes, for a test video, we propose a robust model adaptation method which pre-scans the whole video, generates pseudo foreground/background labels and retrains the model based on the labels. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the DAVIS and the SegTrack V2 datasets.
Transferable Adversarial Perturbations
Authors: Xin Hou, Yongjun Chen, Mengyun Tang, Xiangqi Huang, Xiang Gan, Yong Yang Wen Zhou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: State-of-the-art deep neural network classifiers are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples which are designed to mislead classifiers with a very small perturbation. However, the performance of black-box attacks (without knowledge of the model parameters) against deployed models always degrades significantly. In this paper, We propose a novel way of perturbations for adversarial examples to enable black-box transfer. We first show that maximizing distance between natural images and their adversarial examples in the intermediate feature maps can improve both white-box attacks (with knowledge of the model parameters) and black-box attacks. We also show that smooth regularization on adversarial perturbations enables transferring across models. Extensive experimental results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods both in white-box and black-box attacks.
A Segmentation-aware Deep Fusion Network for Compressed Sensing MRI
Authors: Liyan Sun, Xinghao Ding, Yue Huang, Congbo Cai, John Paisley Zhiwen Fan
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Compressed sensing MRI is a classic inverse problem in the field of computational imaging, accelerating the MR imaging by measuring less k-space data. The deep neural network models provide the stronger representation ability and faster reconstruction compared with "shallow" optimization-based methods. However, in the existing deep-based CS-MRI models, the high-level semantic supervision information from massive segmentation-labels in MRI dataset is overlooked. In this paper, we proposed a segmentation-aware deep fusion network called SADFN for compressed sensing MRI. The multilayer feature aggregation (MLFA) method is introduced here to fuse all the features from different layers in the segmentation network. Then, the aggregated feature maps containing semantic information are provided to each layer in the reconstruction network with a feature fusion strategy. This guarantees the reconstruction network is aware of the different regions in the image it reconstructs, simplifying the function mapping. We prove the utility of the cross-layer and cross-task information fusion strategy by comparative study. Extensive experiments on brain segmentation benchmark MRBrainS validated that the proposed SADFN model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in compressed sensing MRI. This paper provides a novel approach to guide the low-level visual task using the information from mid- or high-level task.
GANimation: Anatomically-aware Facial Animation from a Single Image
Authors: Antonio Agudo, Aleix M. Martinez, Alberto Sanfeliu, Francesc Moreno-Noguer Albert Pumarola
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown impressive results for task of facial expression synthesis. The most successful architecture is StarGAN, that conditions GANs' generation process with images of a specific domain, namely a set of images of persons sharing the same expression. While effective, this approach can only generate a discrete number of expressions, determined by the content of the dataset. To address this limitation, in this paper, we introduce a novel GAN conditioning scheme based on Action Units (AU) annotations, which describes in a continuous manifold the anatomical facial movements defining a human expression. Our approach allows controlling the magnitude of activation of each AU and combine several of them. Additionally, we propose a fully unsupervised strategy to train the model, that only requires images annotated with their activated AUs, and exploit attention mechanisms that make our network robust to changing backgrounds and lighting conditions. Extensive evaluation show that our approach goes beyond competing conditional generators both in the capability to synthesize a much wider range of expressions ruled by anatomically feasible muscle movements, as in the capacity of dealing with images in the wild.
Graph R-CNN for Scene Graph Generation
Authors: Jiasen Lu, Stefan Lee, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh Jianwei Yang
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We propose a novel scene graph generation model called Graph R-CNN, that is both effective and efficient at detecting objects and their relations in images. Our model contains a Relation Proposal Network (RePN) that efficiently deals with the quadratic number of potential relations between objects in an image. We also propose an attentional Graph Convolutional Network (aGCN) that effectively captures contextual information between objects and relations. Finally, we introduce a novel scene graph evaluation metric that is more holistic and realistic than existing metrics. We report state-of-the-art performance on scene graph generation as evaluated using both existing and our proposed metrics.
Interpretable Basis Decomposition for Visual Explanation
Authors: Yiyou Sun, David Bau, Antonio Torralba Bolei Zhou
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Explanations of the decisions made by a deep neural network are important for human end-users to be able to understand and diagnose the trustworthiness of the system. Current neural networks used for visual recognition are generally used as black boxes that do not provide any human interpretable justification for a prediction. In this work we propose a new framework called Interpretable Basis Decomposition for providing visual explanations for classification networks. By decomposing the neural activations of the input image into semantically interpretable components pre-trained from a large concept corpus, the proposed framework is able to disentangle the evidence encoded in the activation feature vector, and quantify the contribution of each piece of evidence to the final prediction. We apply our framework for providing explanations to several popular networks for visual recognition, and show it is able to explain the predictions given by the networks in human-interpretable way. The human interpretability of the visual explanations provided by our framework and other recent explanation methods is evaluated through Amazon Mechanical Turk, showing that our framework generates more faithful and interpretable explanations.
Reinforced Temporal Attention and Split-Rate Transfer for Depth-Based Person Re-Identification
Authors: Zicheng Liu, Yinpeng Chen, Stefano Soatto Nikolaos Karianakis
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We address the problem of person re-identification from commodity depth sensors. One challenge for depth-based recognition is data scarcity. Our first contribution addresses this problem by introducing split-rate RGB-to-Depth transfer, which leverages large RGB datasets more effectively than popular fine-tuning approaches. Our transfer scheme is based on the observation that the model parameters at the bottom layers of a deep convolutional neural network can be directly shared between RGB and depth data while the remaining layers need to be fine-tuned rapidly. Our second contribution enhances re-identification for video by implementing temporal attention as a Bernoulli-Sigmoid unit acting upon frame-level features. Since this unit is stochastic, the temporal attention parameters are trained using reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments validate the accuracy of our method in person re-identification from depth sequences. Finally, in a scenario where subjects wear unseen clothes, we show large performance gains compared to a state-of-the-art model which relies on RGB data.
ArticulatedFusion: Real-time Reconstruction of Motion, Geometry and Segmentation Using a Single Depth Camera
Authors: Zheheng Zhao, Xiaohu Guo Chao Li
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: This paper proposes a real-time dynamic scene reconstruction method capable of reproducing the motion, geometry, and segmentation simultaneously given live depth stream from a single RGB-D camera. Our approach fuses geometry frame by frame and uses a segmentation-enhanced node graph structure to drive the deformation of geometry in registration step. A two-level node motion optimization is proposed. The optimization space of node motions and the range of physically-plausible deformations are largely reduced by taking advantage of the articulated motion prior, which is solved by an efficient node graph segmentation method. Compared to previous fusion-based dynamic scene reconstruction methods, our experiments show robust and improved reconstruction results for tangential and occluded motions.
Deep Metric Learning with Hierarchical Triplet Loss
Authors: Weifeng Ge
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: We present a novel hierarchical triplet loss (HTL) capable of automatically collecting informative training samples (triplets) via a defined hierarchical tree that encodes global context information. This allows us to cope with the main limitation of random sampling in training a conventional triplet loss, which is a central issue for deep metric learning. Our main contributions are two-fold. (i) we construct a hierarchical class-level tree where neighboring classes are merged recursively. The hierarchical structure naturally captures the intrinsic data distribution over the whole dataset. (ii) we formulate the problem of triplet collection by introducing a new violate margin, which is computed dynamically based on the designed hierarchical tree. This allows it to automatically select meaningful hard samples with the guide of global context. It encourages the model to learn more discriminative features from visual similar classes, leading to faster convergence and better performance. In addition, the proposed HTL is easily implemented, and the new violate margin can be readily integrated into the standard triplet loss and other deep metric learning functions. Our method is evaluated on the tasks of image retrieval and face recognition, where it can obtain comparable performance with much fewer iterations. It outperforms the standard triplet loss substantially by 1% - 18%, and achieves new state-of-the-art performance on a number of benchmarks.
Deep Directional Statistics: Pose Estimation with Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Peter Gehler , Sebastian Nowozin Sergey Prokudin
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Modern deep learning systems successfully solve many perception tasks such as object pose estimation when the input image is of high quality. However, in challenging imaging conditions such as on low resolution images or when the image is corrupted by imaging artifacts, current systems degrade considerably in accuracy. While a loss in performance is unavoidable we would like our models to quantify their uncertainty in order to achieve robustness against images of varying quality. Probabilistic deep learning models combine the expressive power of deep learning with uncertainty quantification. In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic deep learning model for the task of angular regression. Our model uses von Mises distributions to predict a distribution over object pose angle. Whereas a single von Mises distribution is making strong assumptions about the shape of the distribution, we extend the basic model to predict a mixture of von Mises distributions. We show how to learn a mixture model using a finite and infinite number of mixture components. Our model allow for likelihood-based training and efficient inference at test time. We demonstrate on a number of challenging pose estimation datasets that our model produces calibrated probability predictions and competitive or superior point estimates compared to the current state-of-the-art.
Semantic Match Consistency for Long-Term Visual Localization
Authors: Erik Stenborg, Lars Hammarstrand, Lucas Brynte, Marc Pollefeys, Torsten Sattler, Fredrik Kahl Carl Toft
Published in: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 2018 (Main Conference Track), 2018

Abstract: Robust and accurate visual localization across large appearance variations due to changes in time of day, seasons, or changes of the environment is a challenging problem which is of importance to application areas such as navigation of autonomous robots. Traditional feature-based methods often struggle in these conditions due to the significant number of erroneous matches between the image and the 3D model. In this paper, we present a method for scoring the individual correspondences by exploiting semantic information about the query image and the scene. In this way, erroneous correspondences tend to get a low semantic consistency score, whereas correct correspondences tend to get a high score. By incorporating this information in a standard localization pipeline, we show that the localization performance can be significantly improved compared to the state-of-the-art, as evaluated on two challenging long-term localization benchmarks.