mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
POCO: Point Convolution for Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Renaud Marlet Alexandre Boulch
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Implicit neural networks have been successfully used for surface reconstruction from point clouds. However, many of them face scalability issues as they encode the isosurface function of a whole object or scene into a single latent vector. To overcome this limitation, a few approaches infer latent vectors on a coarse regular 3D grid or on 3D patches, and interpolate them to answer occupancy queries. In doing so, they loose the direct connection with the input points sampled on the surface of objects, and they attach information uniformly in space rather than where it matters the most, i.e., near the surface. Besides, relying on fixed patch sizes may require discretization tuning. To address these issues, we propose to use point cloud convolutions and compute latent vectors at each input point. We then perform a learning-based interpolation on nearest neighbors using inferred weights. Experiments on both object and scene datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms other methods on most classical metrics, producing finer details and better reconstructing thinner volumes. The code is available at https://github.com/valeoai/POCO
Memory-Augmented Non-Local Attention for Video Super-Resolution
Authors: Jingen Liu, Liefeng Bo, Tao Mei Jiyang Yu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective video super-resolution method that aims at generating high-fidelity high-resolution (HR) videos from low-resolution (LR) ones. Previous methods predominantly leverage temporal neighbor frames to assist the super-resolution of the current frame. Those methods achieve limited performance as they suffer from the challenges in spatial frame alignment and the lack of useful information from similar LR neighbor frames. In contrast, we devise a cross-frame non-local attention mechanism that allows video super-resolution without frame alignment, leading to being more robust to large motions in the video. In addition, to acquire general video prior information beyond neighbor frames, and to compensate for the information loss caused by large motions, we design a novel memory-augmented attention module to memorize general video details during the super-resolution training. We have thoroughly evaluated our work on various challenging datasets. Compared to other recent video super-resolution approaches, our method not only achieves significant performance gains on large motion videos but also shows better generalization. Our source code and the new Parkour benchmark dataset will be released.
Neural Texture Extraction and Distribution for Controllable Person Image Synthesis
Authors: Xiaoqing Fan, Ge Li, Shan Liu, Thomas H. Li Yurui Ren
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: We deal with the controllable person image synthesis task which aims to re-render a human from a reference image with explicit control over body pose and appearance. Observing that person images are highly structured, we propose to generate desired images by extracting and distributing semantic entities of reference images. To achieve this goal, a neural texture extraction and distribution operation based on double attention is described. This operation first extracts semantic neural textures from reference feature maps. Then, it distributes the extracted neural textures according to the spatial distributions learned from target poses. Our model is trained to predict human images in arbitrary poses, which encourages it to extract disentangled and expressive neural textures representing the appearance of different semantic entities. The disentangled representation further enables explicit appearance control. Neural textures of different reference images can be fused to control the appearance of the interested areas. Experimental comparisons show the superiority of the proposed model. Code is available at https://github.com/RenYurui/Neural-Texture-Extraction-Distribution.
Classification-Then-Grounding: Reformulating Video Scene Graphs As Temporal Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Long Chen, Yulei Niu, Jian Shao, Jun Xiao Kaifeng Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Today's VidSGG models are all proposal-based methods, i.e., they first generate numerous paired subject-object snippets as proposals, and then conduct predicate classification for each proposal. In this paper, we argue that this prevalent proposal-based framework has three inherent drawbacks: 1) The ground-truth predicate labels for proposals are partially correct. 2) They break the high-order relations among different predicate instances of a same subject-object pair. 3) VidSGG performance is upper-bounded by the quality of the proposals. To this end, we propose a new classification-then-grounding framework for VidSGG, which can avoid all the three overlooked drawbacks. Meanwhile, under this framework, we reformulate the video scene graphs as temporal bipartite graphs, where the entities and predicates are two types of nodes with time slots, and the edges denote different semantic roles between these nodes. This formulation takes full advantage of our new framework. Accordingly, we further propose a novel BIpartite Graph based SGG model: BIG. It consists of a classification stage and a grounding stage, where the former aims to classify the categories of all the nodes and the edges, and the latter tries to localize the temporal location of each relation instance. Extensive ablations on two VidSGG datasets have attested to the effectiveness of our framework and BIG. Code is available at https://github.com/Dawn-LX/VidSGG-BIG.
Transformer-Empowered Multi-Scale Contextual Matching and Aggregation for Multi-Contrast MRI Super-Resolution
Authors: Jun Lv, Yapeng Tian, Qi Dou, Chengyan Wang, Chenliang Xu, Jing Qin Guangyuan Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can present multi-contrast images of the same anatomical structures, enabling multi-contrast super-resolution (SR) techniques. Compared with SR reconstruction using a single-contrast, multi-contrast SR reconstruction is promising to yield SR images with higher quality by leveraging diverse yet complementary information embedded in different imaging modalities. However, existing methods still have two shortcomings: (1) they neglect that the multi-contrast features at different scales contain different anatomical details and hence lack effective mechanisms to match and fuse these features for better reconstruction; and (2) they are still deficient in capturing long-range dependencies, which are essential for the regions with complicated anatomical structures. We propose a novel network to comprehensively address these problems by developing a set of innovative Transformer-empowered multi-scale contextual matching and aggregation techniques; we call it McMRSR. Firstly, we tame transformers to model long-range dependencies in both reference and target images. Then, a new multi-scale contextual matching method is proposed to capture corresponding contexts from reference features at different scales. Furthermore, we introduce a multi-scale aggregation mechanism to gradually and interactively aggregate multi-scale matched features for reconstructing the target SR MR image. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our network outperforms state-of-the-art approaches and has great potential to be applied in clinical practice.
GazeOnce: Real-Time Multi-Person Gaze Estimation
Authors: Yunfei Liu, Feng Lu Mingfang Zhang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Appearance-based gaze estimation aims to predict the 3D eye gaze direction from a single image. While recent deep learning-based approaches have demonstrated excellent performance, they usually assume one calibrated face in each input image and cannot output multi-person gaze in real time. However, simultaneous gaze estimation for multiple people in the wild is necessary for real-world applications. In this paper, we propose the first one-stage end-to-end gaze estimation method, GazeOnce, which is capable of simultaneously predicting gaze directions for multiple faces (>10) in an image. In addition, we design a sophisticated data generation pipeline and propose a new dataset, MPSGaze, which contains full images of multiple people with 3D gaze ground truth. Experimental results demonstrate that our unified framework not only offers a faster speed, but also provides a lower gaze estimation error compared with state-of-the-art methods. This technique can be useful in real-time applications with multiple users.
GateHUB: Gated History Unit With Background Suppression for Online Action Detection
Authors: Gaurav Mittal, Ye Yu, Yu Kong, Mei Chen Junwen Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Online action detection is the task of predicting the action as soon as it happens in a streaming video. A major challenge is that the model does not have access to the future and has to solely rely on the history, i.e., the frames observed so far, to make predictions. It is therefore important to accentuate parts of the history that are more informative to the prediction of the current frame. We present GateHUB, Gated History Unit with Background Suppression, that comprises a novel position-guided gated cross-attention mechanism to enhance or suppress parts of the history as per how informative they are for current frame prediction. GateHUB further proposes Future-augmented History (FaH) to make history features more informative by using subsequently observed frames when available. In a single unified framework, GateHUB integrates the transformer's ability of long-range temporal modeling and the recurrent model's capacity to selectively encode relevant information. GateHUB also introduces a background suppression objective to further mitigate false positive background frames that closely resemble the action frames. Extensive validation on three benchmark datasets, THUMOS, TVSeries, and HDD, demonstrates that GateHUB significantly outperforms all existing methods and is also more efficient than the existing best work. Furthermore, a flow-free version of GateHUB is able to achieve higher or close accuracy at 2.8x higher frame rate compared to all existing methods that require both RGB and optical flow information for prediction.
Few-Shot Font Generation by Learning Fine-Grained Local Styles
Authors: Yiyang Cai, Jiaming Liu, Zhibin Hong, Mingming Gong, Minhu Fan, Junyu Han, Jingtuo Liu, Errui Ding, Jingdong Wang Licheng Tang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Few-shot font generation (FFG), which aims to generate a new font with a few examples, is gaining increasing attention due to the significant reduction in labor cost. A typical FFG pipeline considers characters in a standard font library as content glyphs and transfers them to a new target font by extracting style information from the reference glyphs. Most existing solutions explicitly disentangle content and style of reference glyphs globally or component-wisely. However, the style of glyphs mainly lies in the local details, i.e. the styles of radicals, components, and strokes together depict the style of a glyph. Therefore, even a single character can contain different styles distributed over spatial locations. In this paper, we propose a new font generation approach by learning 1) the fine-grained local styles from references, and 2) the spatial correspondence between the content and reference glyphs. Therefore each spatial location in the content glyph can be assigned with the right fine-grained style. To this end, we adopt cross-attention over the representation of the content glyphs as the queries and the representations of the reference glyphs as the keys and values. Instead of explicitly disentangling global or component-wise modeling, the cross attention mechanism can attend to the right local styles in the reference glyphs and aggregates the reference styles into a fine-grained style representation for the given content glyphs. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in FFG. In particular, the user studies also demonstrate the style consistency of our approach is significantly outperforms previous methods.
Bridging Video-Text Retrieval With Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: Yixiao Ge, Xihui Liu, Dian Li, Ying Shan, Xiaohu Qie, Ping Luo Yuying Ge
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Pre-training a model to learn transferable video-text representation for retrieval has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Previous dominant works mainly adopt two separate encoders for efficient retrieval, but ignore local associations between videos and texts. Another line of research uses a joint encoder to interact video with texts, but results in low efficiency since each text-video pair needs to be fed into the model. In this work, we enable fine-grained video-text interactions while maintaining high efficiency for retrieval via a novel pretext task, dubbed as Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), where a parametric module BridgeFormer is trained to answer the "questions" constructed by the text features via resorting to the video features. Specifically, we exploit the rich semantics of text (i.e., nouns and verbs) to build questions, with which the video encoder can be trained to capture more regional content and temporal dynamics. In the form of questions and answers, the semantic associations between local video-text features can be properly established. BridgeFormer is able to be removed for downstream retrieval, rendering an efficient and flexible model with only two encoders. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the popular text-to-video retrieval task in five datasets with different experimental setups (i.e., zero-shot and fine-tune), including HowTo100M (one million videos). We further conduct zero-shot action recognition, which can be cast as video-to-text retrieval, and our approach also significantly surpasses its counterparts. As an additional benefit, our method achieves competitive results with much shorter pre-training videos on single-modality downstream tasks, e.g., action recognition with linear evaluation.
Depth-Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Talking Head Video Generation
Authors: Longhao Zhang, Li Shen, Dan Xu Fa-Ting Hong
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Talking head video generation aims to produce a synthetic human face video that contains the identity and pose information respectively from a given source image and a driving video. Existing works for this task heavily rely on 2D representations (e.g. appearance and motion) learned from the input images. However, dense 3D facial geometry (e.g. pixel-wise depth) is extremely important for this task as it is particularly beneficial for us to essentially generate accurate 3D face structures and distinguish noisy information from the possibly cluttered background. Nevertheless, dense 3D geometry annotations are prohibitively costly for videos and are typically not available for this video generation task. In this paper, we introduce a self-supervised face-depth learning method to automatically recover dense 3D facial geometry (i.e. depth) from the face videos without the requirement of any expensive 3D annotation data. Based on the learned dense depth maps, we further propose to leverage them to estimate sparse facial keypoints that capture the critical movement of the human head. In a more dense way, the depth is also utilized to learn 3D-aware cross-modal (i.e. appearance and depth) attention to guide the generation of motion fields for warping source image representations. All these contributions compose a novel depth-aware generative adversarial network (DaGAN) for talking head generation. Extensive experiments conducted demonstrate that our proposed method can generate highly realistic faces, and achieve significant results on the unseen human faces.
Dual-Path Image Inpainting With Auxiliary GAN Inversion
Authors: Li Niu, Jianfu Zhang, Xue Yang, Liqing Zhang Wentao Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Deep image inpainting can inpaint a corrupted image using a feed-forward inference, but still fails to handle large missing area or complex semantics. Recently, GAN inversion based inpainting methods propose to leverage semantic information in pretrained generator (e.g., StyleGAN) to solve the above issues. Different from feed-forward methods, they seek for a closest latent code to the corrupted image and feed it to a pretrained generator. However, inferring the latent code is either time-consuming or inaccurate. In this paper, we develop a dual-path inpainting network with inversion path and feed-forward path, in which inversion path provides auxiliary information to help feed-forward path. We also design a novel deformable fusion module to align the feature maps in two paths. Experiments on FFHQ and LSUN demonstrate that our method is effective in solving the aforementioned problems while producing more realistic results than state-of-the-art methods.
DF-GAN: A Simple and Effective Baseline for Text-to-Image Synthesis
Authors: Hao Tang, Fei Wu, Xiao-Yuan Jing, Bing-Kun Bao, Changsheng Xu Ming Tao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Synthesizing high-quality realistic images from text descriptions is a challenging task. Existing text-to-image Generative Adversarial Networks generally employ a stacked architecture as the backbone yet still remain three flaws. First, the stacked architecture introduces the entanglements between generators of different image scales. Second, existing studies prefer to apply and fix extra networks in adversarial learning for text-image semantic consistency, which limits the supervision capability of these networks. Third, the cross-modal attention-based text-image fusion that widely adopted by previous works is limited on several special image scales because of the computational cost. To these ends, we propose a simpler but more effective Deep Fusion Generative Adversarial Networks (DF-GAN). To be specific, we propose: (i) a novel one-stage text-to-image backbone that directly synthesizes high-resolution images without entanglements between different generators, (ii) a novel Target-Aware Discriminator composed of Matching-Aware Gradient Penalty and One-Way Output, which enhances the text-image semantic consistency without introducing extra networks, (iii) a novel deep text-image fusion block, which deepens the fusion process to make a full fusion between text and visual features. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, our proposed DF-GAN is simpler but more efficient to synthesize realistic and text-matching images and achieves better performance on widely used datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/tobran/DF-GAN.
Generative Flows With Invertible Attentions
Authors: Zhiwu Huang, Suryansh Kumar, Radu Timofte, Luc Van Gool Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Flow-based generative models have shown an excellent ability to explicitly learn the probability density function of data via a sequence of invertible transformations. Yet, learning attentions in generative flows remains understudied, while it has made breakthroughs in other domains. To fill the gap, this paper introduces two types of invertible attention mechanisms, i.e., map-based and transformer-based attentions, for both unconditional and conditional generative flows. The key idea is to exploit a masked scheme of these two attentions to learn long-range data dependencies in the context of generative flows. The masked scheme allows for invertible attention modules with tractable Jacobian determinants, enabling its seamless integration at any positions of the flow-based models. The proposed attention mechanisms lead to more efficient generative flows, due to their capability of modeling the long-term data dependencies. Evaluation on multiple image synthesis tasks shows that the proposed attention flows result in efficient models and compare favorably against the state-of-the-art unconditional and conditional generative flows.
Clipped Hyperbolic Classifiers Are Super-Hyperbolic Classifiers
Authors: Xudong Wang, Yubei Chen, Stella X. Yu Yunhui Guo
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Hyperbolic space can naturally embed hierarchies, unlike Euclidean space. Hyperbolic Neural Networks (HNNs) exploit such representational power by lifting Euclidean features into hyperbolic space for classification, outperforming Euclidean neural networks (ENNs) on datasets with known semantic hierarchies. However, HNNs underperform ENNs on standard benchmarks without clear hierarchies, greatly restricting HNNs' applicability in practice. Our key insight is that HNNs' poorer general classification performance results from vanishing gradients during backpropagation, caused by their hybrid architecture connecting Euclidean features to a hyperbolic classifier. We propose an effective solution by simply clipping the Euclidean feature magnitude while training HNNs. Our experiments demonstrate that clipped HNNs become super-hyperbolic classifiers: They are not only consistently better than HNNs which already outperform ENNs on hierarchical data, but also on-par with ENNs on MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and ImageNet benchmarks, with better adversarial robustness and out-of-distribution detection.
Estimating Fine-Grained Noise Model via Contrastive Learning
Authors: Ying Fu Yunhao Zou
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Image denoising has achieved unprecedented progress as great efforts have been made to exploit effective deep denoisers. To improve the denoising performance in real-world, two typical solutions are used in recent trends: devising better noise models for the synthesis of more realistic training data, and estimating noise level function to guide non-blind denoisers. In this work, we combine both noise modeling and estimation, and propose an innovative noise model estimation and noise synthesis pipeline for realistic noisy image generation. Specifically, our model learns a noise estimation model with fine-grained statistical noise model in a contrastive manner. Then, we use the estimated noise parameters to model camera-specific noise distribution, and synthesize realistic noisy training data. The most striking thing for our work is that by calibrating noise models of several sensors, our model can be extended to predict other cameras. In other words, we can estimate camera-specific noise models for unknown sensors with only testing images, without any laborious calibration frames or paired noisy/clean data. The proposed pipeline endows deep denoisers with competitive performances with state-of-the-art real noise modeling methods.
DiffPoseNet: Direct Differentiable Camera Pose Estimation
Authors: Gokul Hari, Cornelia Fermüller, Nitin J. Sanket, Yiannis Aloimonos Chethan M. Parameshwara
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Current deep neural network approaches for camera pose estimation rely on scene structure for 3D motion estimation, but this decreases the robustness and thereby makes cross-dataset generalization difficult. In contrast, classical approaches to structure from motion estimate 3D motion utilizing optical flow and then compute depth. Their accuracy, however, depends strongly on the quality of the optical flow. To avoid this issue, direct methods have been proposed, which separate 3D motion from depth estimation but compute 3D motion using only image gradients in the form of normal flow. In this paper, we introduce a network NFlowNet, for normal flow estimation which is used to enforce robust and direct constraints. In particular, normal flow is used to estimate relative camera pose based on the cheirality (depth positivity) constraint. We achieve this by formulating the optimization problem as a differentiable cheirality layer, which allows for end-to-end learning of camera pose. We perform extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the proposed DiffPoseNet's sensitivity to noise and its generalization across datasets. We compare our approach to existing state-of-the-art methods on KITTI, TartanAir, and TUM-RGBD datasets
The Flag Median and FlagIRLS
Authors: Emily J. King, Chris Peterson, Michael Kirby Nathan Mankovich
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Finding prototypes (e.g., mean and median) for a dataset is central to a number of common machine learning algorithms. Subspaces have been shown to provide useful, robust representations for datasets of images, videos and more. Since subspaces correspond to points on a Grassmann manifold, one is led to consider the idea of a subspace prototype for a Grassmann-valued dataset. While a number of different subspace prototypes have been described, the calculation of some of these prototypes has proven to be computationally expensive while other prototypes are affected by outliers and produce highly imperfect clustering on noisy data. This work proposes a new subspace prototype, the flag median, and introduces the FlagIRLS algorithm for its calculation. We provide evidence that the flag median is robust to outliers and can be used effectively in algorithms like Linde-Buzo-Grey (LBG) to produce improved clusterings on Grassmannians. Numerical experiments include a synthetic dataset, the MNIST handwritten digits dataset, the Mind's Eye video dataset and the UCF YouTube action dataset. The flag median is compared the other leading algorithms for computing prototypes on the Grassmannian, namely, the l_2-median and to the flag mean. We find that using FlagIRLS to compute the flag median converges in 4 iterations on a synthetic dataset. We also see that Grassmannian LBG with a codebook size of 20 and using the flag median produces at least a 10% improvement in cluster purity over Grassmannian LBG using the flag mean or l_2-median on the Mind's Eye dataset.
Implicit Feature Decoupling With Depthwise Quantization
Authors: Barry Boehm Iordanis Fostiropoulos
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Quantization has been applied to multiple domains in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). We propose Depthwise Quantization (DQ) where quantization is applied to a decomposed sub-tensor along the feature axis of weak statistical dependence. The feature decomposition leads to an exponential increase in representation capacity with a linear increase in memory and parameter cost. In addition, DQ can be directly applied to existing encoder-decoder frameworks without modification of the DNN architecture. We use DQ in the context of Hierarchical Auto-Encoders and train end-to-end on an image feature representation. We provide an analysis of the cross-correlation between spatial and channel features and propose a decomposition of the image feature representation along the channel axis. The improved performance of the depthwise operator is due to the increased representation capacity from implicit feature decoupling. We evaluate DQ on the likelihood estimation task, where it outperforms the previous state-of-the-art on CIFAR-10, ImageNet-32 and ImageNet-64. We progressively train with increasing image size a single hierarchical model that uses 69% fewer parameters and has faster convergence than the previous work.
Graph-Context Attention Networks for Size-Varied Deep Graph Matching
Authors: Hossein Rahmani, Plamen Angelov, Sue Black, Bryan M. Williams Zheheng Jiang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Deep learning for graph matching has received growing interest and developed rapidly in the past decade. Although recent deep graph matching methods have shown excellent performance on matching between graphs of equal size in the computer vision area, the size-varied graph matching problem, where the number of keypoints in the images of the same category may vary due to occlusion, is still an open and challenging problem. To tackle this, we firstly propose to formulate the combinatorial problem of graph matching as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem, which is more flexible and efficient to facilitate comparing graphs of varied sizes. A novel Graph-context Attention Network (GCAN), which jointly capture intrinsic graph structure and cross-graph information for improving the discrimination of node features, is then proposed and trained to resolve this ILP problem with node correspondence supervision. We further show that the proposed GCAN model is efficient to resolve the graph-level matching problem and is able to automatically learn node-to-node similarity via graph-level matching. The proposed approach is evaluated on three public keypoint-matching datasets and one graph-matching dataset for blood vessel patterns, with experimental results showing its superior performance over existing state-of-the-art algorithms on the keypoint and graph-level matching tasks.
FENeRF: Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Xuan Wang, Yong Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Qi Zhang, Yebin Liu, Jue Wang Jingxiang Sun
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Previous portrait image generation methods roughly fall into two categories: 2D GANs and 3D-aware GANs. 2D GANs can generate high fidelity portraits but with low view consistency. 3D-aware GAN methods can maintain view consistency but their generated images are not locally editable. To overcome these limitations, we propose FENeRF, a 3D-aware generator that can produce view-consistent and locally-editable portrait images. Our method uses two decoupled latent codes to generate corresponding facial semantics and texture in a spatial-aligned 3D volume with shared geometry. Benefiting from such underlying 3D representation, FENeRF can jointly render the boundary-aligned image and semantic mask and use the semantic mask to edit the 3D volume via GAN inversion. We further show such 3D representation can be learned from widely available monocular image and semantic mask pairs. Moreover, we reveal that joint learning semantics and texture helps to generate finer geometry. Our experiments demonstrate that FENeRF outperforms state-of-the-art methods in various face editing tasks.
CoNeRF: Controllable Neural Radiance Fields
Authors: Kwang Moo Yi, Marek Kowalski, Tomasz Trzciński, Andrea Tagliasacchi Kacper Kania
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: We extend neural 3D representations to allow for intuitive and interpretable user control beyond novel view rendering (i.e. camera control). We allow the user to annotate which part of the scene one wishes to control with just a small number of mask annotations in the training images. Our key idea is to treat the attributes as latent variables that are regressed by the neural network given the scene encoding. This leads to a few-shot learning framework, where attributes are discovered automatically by the framework when annotations are not provided. We apply our method to various scenes with different types of controllable attributes (e.g. expression control on human faces, or state control in the movement of inanimate objects). Overall, we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time novel view and novel attribute re-rendering of scenes from a single video.
Noise2NoiseFlow: Realistic Camera Noise Modeling Without Clean Images
Authors: Shayan Kousha, Michael S. Brown, Marcus A. Brubaker Ali Maleky
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Image noise modeling is a long-standing problem with many applications in computer vision. Early attempts that propose simple models, such as signal-independent additive white Gaussian noise or the heteroscedastic Gaussian noise model (a.k.a., camera noise level function) are not sufficient to learn the complex behavior of the camera sensor noise. Recently, more complex learning-based models have been proposed that yield better results in noise synthesis and downstream tasks, such as denoising. However, their dependence on supervised data (i.e., paired clean images) is a limiting factor given the challenges in producing ground-truth images. This paper proposes a framework for training a noise model and a denoiser simultaneously while relying only on pairs of noisy images rather than noisy/clean paired image data. We apply this framework to the training of the Noise Flow architecture. The noise synthesis and density estimation results show that our framework outperforms previous signal-processing-based noise models and is on par with its supervised counterpart. The trained denoiser is also shown to significantly improve upon both supervised and weakly supervised baseline denoising approaches. The results indicate that the joint training of a denoiser and a noise model yields significant improvements in the denoiser.
ZeroWaste Dataset: Towards Deformable Object Segmentation in Cluttered Scenes
Authors: Mohamed Abdelfattah, Ziliang Zhu, James Akl, Fadi Alladkani, Ping Hu, Vitaly Ablavsky, Berk Calli, Sarah Adel Bargal, Kate Saenko Dina Bashkirova
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Less than 35% of recyclable waste is being actually recycled in the US, which leads to increased soil and sea pollution and is one of the major concerns of environmental researchers as well as the common public. At the heart of the problem are the inefficiencies of the waste sorting process (separating paper, plastic, metal, glass, etc.) due to the extremely complex and cluttered nature of the waste stream. Recyclable waste detection poses a unique computer vision challenge as it requires detection of highly deformable and often translucent objects in cluttered scenes without the kind of context information usually present in human-centric datasets. This challenging computer vision task currently lacks suitable datasets or methods in the available literature. In this paper, we take a step towards computer-aided waste detection and present the first in-the-wild industrial-grade waste detection and segmentation dataset, ZeroWaste. We believe that ZeroWaste will catalyze research in object detection and semantic segmentation in extreme clutter as well as applications in the recycling domain. Our project page can be found at http://ai.bu.edu/zerowaste/.
Remember Intentions: Retrospective-Memory-Based Trajectory Prediction
Authors: Weibo Mao, Wenjun Zhang, Siheng Chen Chenxin Xu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: To realize trajectory prediction, most previous methods adopt the parameter-based approach, which encodes all the seen past-future instance pairs into model parameters. However, in this way, the model parameters come from all seen instances, which means a huge amount of irrelevant seen instances might also involve in predicting the current situation, disturbing the performance. To provide a more explicit link between the current situation and the seen instances, we imitate the mechanism of retrospective memory in neuropsychology and propose MemoNet, an instance-based approach that predicts the movement intentions of agents by looking for similar scenarios in the training data. In MemoNet, we design a pair of memory banks to explicitly store representative instances in the training set, acting as prefrontal cortex in the neural system, and a trainable memory addresser to adaptively search a current situation with similar instances in the memory bank, acting like basal ganglia. During prediction, MemoNet recalls previous memory by using the memory addresser to index related instances in the memory bank. We further propose a two-step trajectory prediction system, where the first step is to leverage MemoNet to predict the destination and the second step is to fulfill the whole trajectory according to the predicted destinations. Experiments show that the proposed MemoNet improves the FDE by 20.3%/10.2%/28.3% from the previous best method on SDD/ETH-UCY/NBA datasets. Experiments also show that our MemoNet has the ability to trace back to specific instances during prediction, promoting more interpretability.
Measuring Compositional Consistency for Video Question Answering
Authors: Mustafa Omer Gul, Eva Prakash, Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin, Ranjay Krishna, Maneesh Agrawala Mona Gandhi
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Recent video question answering benchmarks indicate that state-of-the-art models struggle to answer compositional questions. However, it remains unclear which types of compositional reasoning cause models to mispredict. Furthermore, it is difficult to discern whether models arrive at answers using compositional reasoning or by leveraging data biases. In this paper, we develop a question decomposition engine that programmatically deconstructs a compositional question into a directed acyclic graph of sub-questions. The graph is designed such that each parent question is a composition of its children. We present AGQA-Decomp, a benchmark containing 2.3M question graphs, with an average of 11.49 sub-questions per graph, and 4.55M total new sub-questions. Using question graphs, we evaluate three state-of-the-art models with a suite of novel compositional consistency metrics. We find that models either cannot reason correctly through most compositions or are reliant on incorrect reasoning to reach answers, frequently contradicting themselves or achieving high accuracies when failing at intermediate reasoning steps.
Category Contrast for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation in Visual Tasks
Authors: Dayan Guan, Aoran Xiao, Shijian Lu, Ling Shao Jiaxing Huang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Instance contrast for unsupervised representation learning has achieved great success in recent years. In this work, we explore the idea of instance contrastive learning in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) and propose a novel Category Contrast technique (CaCo) that introduces semantic priors on top of instance discrimination for visual UDA tasks. By considering instance contrastive learning as a dictionary look-up operation, we construct a semantics-aware dictionary with samples from both source and target domains where each target sample is assigned a (pseudo) category label based on the category priors of source samples. This allows category contrastive learning (between target queries and the category-level dictionary) for category-discriminative yet domain-invariant feature representations: samples of the same category (from either source or target domain) are pulled closer while those of different categories are pushed apart simultaneously. Extensive UDA experiments in multiple visual tasks (e.g., segmentation, classification and detection) show that CaCo achieves superior performance as compared with state-of-the-art methods. The experiments also demonstrate that CaCo is complementary to existing UDA methods and generalizable to other learning setups such as unsupervised model adaptation, open-/partial-set adaptation etc.
SwapMix: Diagnosing and Regularizing the Over-Reliance on Visual Context in Visual Question Answering
Authors: Zhuowan Li, Adam Kortylewski, Chenyu Zhang, Yingwei Li, Alan Yuille Vipul Gupta
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: While Visual Question Answering (VQA) has progressed rapidly, previous works raise concerns about robustness of current VQA models. In this work, we study the robustness of VQA models from a novel perspective: visual context. We suggest that the models over-rely on the visual context, i.e., irrelevant objects in the image, to make predictions. To diagnose the models' reliance on visual context and measure their robustness, we propose a simple yet effective perturbation technique, SwapMix. SwapMix perturbs the visual context by swapping features of irrelevant context objects with features from other objects in the dataset. Using SwapMix we are able to change answers to more than 45% of the questions for a representative VQA model. Additionally, we train the models with perfect sight and find that the context over-reliance highly depends on the quality of visual representations. In addition to diagnosing, SwapMix can also be applied as a data augmentation strategy during training in order to regularize the context over-reliance. By swapping the context object features, the model reliance on context can be suppressed effectively. Two representative VQA models are studied using SwapMix: a co-attention model MCAN and a large-scale pretrained model LXMERT. Our experiments on the popular GQA dataset show the effectiveness of SwapMix for both diagnosing model robustness, and regularizing the over-reliance on visual context.
UNIST: Unpaired Neural Implicit Shape Translation Network
Authors: Johannes Merz, Aditya Sanghi, Hooman Shayani, Ali Mahdavi-Amiri, Hao Zhang Qimin Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: We introduce UNIST, the first deep neural implicit model for general-purpose, unpaired shape-to-shape translation, in both 2D and 3D domains. Our model is built on autoencoding implicit fields, rather than point clouds which represents the state of the art. Furthermore, our translation network is trained to perform the task over a latent grid representation which combines the merits of both latent-space processing and position awareness, to not only enable drastic shape transforms but also well preserve spatial features and fine local details for natural shape translations. With the same network architecture and only dictated by the input domain pairs, our model can learn both style-preserving content alteration and content-preserving style transfer. We demonstrate the generality and quality of the translation results, and compare them to well-known baselines. Code is available at https://qiminchen.github.io/unist/.
Local-Adaptive Face Recognition via Graph-Based Meta-Clustering and Regularized Adaptation
Authors: Chien-Yi Wang, Kuan-Lun Tseng, Shang-Hong Lai, Baoyuan Wang Wenbin Zhu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Due to the rising concern of data privacy, it's reasonable to assume the local client data can't be transferred to a centralized server, nor their associated identity label is provided. To support continuous learning and fill the last-mile quality gap, we introduce a new problem setup called Local-Adaptive Face Recognition (LaFR). Leveraging the environment-specific local data after the deployment of the initial global model, LaFR aims at getting optimal performance by training local-adapted models automatically and un-supervisely, as opposed to fixing their initial global model. We achieve this by a newly proposed embedding cluster model based on Graph Convolution Network (GCN), which is trained via meta-optimization procedure. Compared with previous works, our meta-clustering model can generalize well in unseen local environments. With the pseudo identity labels from the clustering results, we further introduce novel regularization techniques to improve the model adaptation performance. Extensive experiments on racial and internal sensor adaptation demonstrate that our proposed solution is more effective for adapting face recognition models in each specific environment. Meanwhile, we show that LaFR can further improve the global model by a simple federated aggregation over the updated local models.
The DEVIL Is in the Details: A Diagnostic Evaluation Benchmark for Video Inpainting
Authors: Jason J. Corso Ryan Szeto
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Quantitative evaluation has increased dramatically among recent video inpainting work, but the video and mask content used to gauge performance has received relatively little attention. Although attributes such as camera and background scene motion inherently change the difficulty of the task and affect methods differently, existing evaluation schemes fail to control for them, thereby providing minimal insight into inpainting failure modes. To address this gap, we propose the Diagnostic Evaluation of Video Inpainting on Landscapes (DEVIL) benchmark, which consists of two contributions: (i) a novel dataset of videos and masks labeled according to several key inpainting failure modes, and (ii) an evaluation scheme that samples slices of the dataset characterized by a fixed content attribute, and scores performance on each slice according to reconstruction, realism, and temporal consistency quality. By revealing systematic changes in performance induced by particular characteristics of the input content, our challenging benchmark enables more insightful analysis into video inpainting methods and serves as an invaluable diagnostic tool for the field. Our code and data are available at github.com/MichiganCOG/devil.
Mutual Information-Driven Pan-Sharpening
Authors: Keyu Yan, Jie Huang, Zihe Yang, Xueyang Fu, Feng Zhao Man Zhou
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2022 (Main Conference Track), 2022

Abstract: Pan-sharpening aims to integrate the complementary information of texture-rich PAN images and multi-spectral (MS) images to produce the texture-rich MS images. Despite the remarkable progress, existing state-of-the-art Pan-sharpening methods don't explicitly enforce the complementary information learning between two modalities of PAN and MS images. This leads to information redundancy not being handled well, which further limits the performance of these methods. To address the above issue, we propose a novel mutual information-driven Pan-sharpening framework in this paper. To be specific, we first project the PAN and MS image into modality-aware feature space independently, and then impose the mutual information minimization over them to explicitly encourage the complementary information learning. Such operation is capable of reducing the information redundancy and improving the model performance. Extensive experimental results over multiple satellite datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively with great generalization ability to real-world scenes.