mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Visual Localization Using 3D Ray Clouds
Authors: Chunghwan Lee, Je Hyeong Hong Heejoon Moon
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: The recent success in revealing scene details from sparse 3D point clouds obtained via structure-from-motion has raised significant privacy concerns in visual localization. One prominent approach for mitigating this issue is to lift 3D points to 3D lines thereby reducing the effectiveness of the scene inversion attacks but this comes at the cost of increased algorithmic complexity for camera localization due to weaker geometric constraints induced by line clouds. To overcome this limitation we propose a new lifting approach called "ray cloud" whereby each lifted 3D line intersects at one of two predefined locations depicting omnidirectional rays from two cameras. This yields two benefits i) camera localization can now be cast as relative pose estimation between the query image and the calibrated rig of two perspective cameras which can be efficiently solved using a variant of the 5-point algorithm and ii) the ray cloud introduces erroneous estimations for the density-based inversion attack degrading the quality of scene recovery. Moreover we explore possible modifications of the inversion attack to better recover scenes from the ray clouds and propose a ray sampling technique to reduce the effectiveness of the modified attack. Experimental results on two public datasets show real-time localization speed as well as enhanced privacy-preserving capability over the state-of-the-art without overly sacrificing the localization accuracy.
SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Level
Authors: Gwangbin Bae, Andrew J. Davison Kirill Mazur
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Joint camera pose and dense geometry estimation from a set of images or a monocular video remains a challenging problem due to its computational complexity and inherent visual ambiguities. Most dense incremental reconstruction systems operate directly on image pixels and solve for their 3D positions using multi-view geometry cues. Such pixel-level approaches suffer from ambiguities or violations of multi-view consistency (e.g. caused by textureless or specular surfaces). We address this issue with a new image representation which we call a SuperPrimitive. SuperPrimitives are obtained by splitting images into semantically correlated local regions and enhancing them with estimated surface normal directions both of which are predicted by state-of-the-art single image neural networks. This provides a local geometry estimate per SuperPrimitive while their relative positions are adjusted based on multi-view observations. We demonstrate the versatility of our new representation by addressing three 3D reconstruction tasks: depth completion few-view structure from motion and monocular dense visual odometry. Project page: https://makezur.github.io/SuperPrimitive/
ReCoRe: Regularized Contrastive Representation Learning of World Model
Authors: Harit Pandya, Stephan Liwicki, Roberto Cipolla Rudra P.K. Poudel
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: While recent model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have demonstrated human-level effectiveness in gaming environments their success in everyday tasks like visual navigation has been limited particularly under significant appearance variations. This limitation arises from (i) poor sample efficiency and (ii) over-fitting to training scenarios. To address these challenges we present a world model that learns invariant features using (i) contrastive unsupervised learning and (ii) an intervention-invariant regularizer. Learning an explicit representation of the world dynamics i.e. a world model improves sample efficiency while contrastive learning implicitly enforces learning of invariant features which improves generalization. However the naive integration of contrastive loss to world models is not good enough as world-model-based RL methods independently optimize representation learning and agent policy. To overcome this issue we propose an intervention-invariant regularizer in the form of an auxiliary task such as depth prediction image denoising image segmentation etc. that explicitly enforces invariance to style interventions. Our method outperforms current state-of-the-art model-based and model-free RL methods and significantly improves on out-of-distribution point navigation tasks evaluated on the iGibson benchmark. With only visual observations we further demonstrate that our approach outperforms recent language-guided foundation models for point navigation which is essential for deployment on robots with limited computation capabilities. Finally we demonstrate that our proposed model excels at the sim-to-real transfer of its perception module on the Gibson benchmark.
TFMQ-DM: Temporal Feature Maintenance Quantization for Diffusion Models
Authors: Ruihao Gong, Jing Liu, Tianlong Chen, Xianglong Liu Yushi Huang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: The Diffusion model a prevalent framework for image generation encounters significant challenges in terms of broad applicability due to its extended inference times and substantial memory requirements. Efficient Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is pivotal for addressing these issues in traditional models. Different from traditional models diffusion models heavily depend on the time-step t to achieve satisfactory multi-round denoising. Usually t from the finite set \ 1 \ldots T\  is encoded to a temporal feature by a few modules totally irrespective of the sampling data. However existing PTQ methods do not optimize these modules separately. They adopt inappropriate reconstruction targets and complex calibration methods resulting in a severe disturbance of the temporal feature and denoising trajectory as well as a low compression efficiency. To solve these we propose a Temporal Feature Maintenance Quantization (TFMQ) framework building upon a Temporal Information Block which is just related to the time-step t and unrelated to the sampling data. Powered by the pioneering block design we devise temporal information aware reconstruction (TIAR) and finite set calibration (FSC) to align the full-precision temporal features in a limited time. Equipped with the framework we can maintain the most temporal information and ensure the end-to-end generation quality. Extensive experiments on various datasets and diffusion models prove our state-of-the-art results. Remarkably our quantization approach for the first time achieves model performance nearly on par with the full-precision model under 4-bit weight quantization. Additionally our method incurs almost no extra computational cost and accelerates quantization time by 2.0 xon LSUN-Bedrooms 256 x256 compared to previous works. Our code is publicly available at \href https://github.com/ModelTC/TFMQ-DM  https://github.com/ModelTC/TFMQ-DM .
CNC-Net: Self-Supervised Learning for CNC Machining Operations
Authors: Sangmin Hong, Reyhaneh Neshatavar, Kyoung Mu Lee Mohsen Yavartanoo
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: CNC manufacturing is a process that employs computer numerical control (CNC) machines to govern the movements of various industrial tools and machinery encompassing equipment ranging from grinders and lathes to mills and CNC routers. However the reliance on manual CNC programming has become a bottleneck and the requirement for expert knowledge can result in significant costs. Therefore we introduce a pioneering approach named CNC-Net representing the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) to simulate CNC machines and grasp intricate operations when supplied with raw materials. CNC-Net constitutes a self-supervised framework that exclusively takes an input 3D model and subsequently generates the essential operation parameters required by the CNC machine to construct the object. Our method has the potential to transformative automation in manufacturing by offering a cost-effective alternative to the high costs of manual CNC programming while maintaining exceptional precision in 3D object production. Our experiments underscore the effectiveness of our CNC-Net in constructing the desired 3D objects through the utilization of CNC operations. Notably it excels in preserving finer local details exhibiting a marked enhancement in precision compared to the state-of-the-art 3D CAD reconstruction approaches. The codes are available at https://github.com/myavartanoo/CNC-Net_PyTorch.
JRDB-PanoTrack: An Open-world Panoptic Segmentation and Tracking Robotic Dataset in Crowded Human Environments
Authors: Chenhui Gou, Stavya Datta, Hengcan Shi, Ian Reid, Jianfei Cai, Hamid Rezatofighi Duy Tho Le
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Autonomous robot systems have attracted increasing research attention in recent years where environment understanding is a crucial step for robot navigation human-robot interaction and decision. Real-world robot systems usually collect visual data from multiple sensors and are required to recognize numerous objects and their movements in complex human-crowded settings. Traditional benchmarks with their reliance on single sensors and limited object classes and scenarios fail to provide the comprehensive environmental understanding robots need for accurate navigation interaction and decision-making. As an extension of JRDB dataset we unveil JRDB-PanoTrack a novel open-world panoptic segmentation and tracking benchmark towards more comprehensive environmental perception. JRDB-PanoTrack includes (1) various data involving indoor and outdoor crowded scenes as well as comprehensive 2D and 3D synchronized data modalities; (2) high-quality 2D spatial panoptic segmentation and temporal tracking annotations with additional 3D label projections for further spatial understanding; (3) diverse object classes for closed- and open-world recognition benchmarks with OSPA-based metrics for evaluation. Extensive evaluation of leading methods shows significant challenges posed by our dataset.
CONFORM: Contrast is All You Need for High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Authors: Enis Simsar, Federico Tombari, Pinar Yanardag Tuna Han Salih Meral
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Images produced by text-to-image diffusion models might not always faithfully represent the semantic intent of the provided text prompt where the model might overlook or entirely fail to produce certain objects. While recent studies propose various solutions they often require customly tailored functions for each of these problems leading to sub-optimal results especially for complex prompts. Our work introduces a novel perspective by tackling this challenge in a contrastive context. Our approach intuitively promotes the segregation of objects in attention maps while also maintaining that pairs of related attributes are kept close to each other. We conducted extensive experiments across a wide variety of scenarios each involving unique combinations of objects attributes and scenes. These experiments effectively showcase the versatility efficiency and flexibility of our method in working with both latent and pixel-based diffusion models including Stable Diffusion and Imagen. Moreover we publicly share our source code to facilitate further research.
Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awareness
Authors: Ioannis Patras Zheng Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Self-supervised pre-training has been proved to be effective in learning transferable representations that benefit various visual tasks. This paper asks this question: can self-supervised pre-training learn general facial representations for various facial analysis tasks? Recent efforts toward this goal are limited to treating each face image as a whole i.e. learning consistent facial representations at the image-level which overlooks the consistency of local facial representations (i.e. facial regions like eyes nose etc). In this work we make a first attempt to propose a novel self-supervised facial representation learning framework to learn consistent global and local facial representations Facial Region Awareness (FRA). Specifically we explicitly enforce the consistency of facial regions by matching the local facial representations across views which are extracted with learned heatmaps highlighting the facial regions. Inspired by the mask prediction in supervised semantic segmentation we obtain the heatmaps via cosine similarity between the per-pixel projection of feature maps and facial mask embeddings computed from learnable positional embeddings which leverage the attention mechanism to globally look up the facial image for facial regions. To learn such heatmaps we formulate the learning of facial mask embeddings as a deep clustering problem by assigning the pixel features from the feature maps to them. The transfer learning results on facial classification and regression tasks show that our FRA outperforms previous pre-trained models and more importantly using ResNet as the unified backbone for various tasks our FRA achieves comparable or even better performance compared with SOTA methods in facial analysis tasks.
GaussianDreamer: Fast Generation from Text to 3D Gaussians by Bridging 2D and 3D Diffusion Models
Authors: Jiemin Fang, Junjie Wang, Guanjun Wu, Lingxi Xie, Xiaopeng Zhang, Wenyu Liu, Qi Tian, Xinggang Wang Taoran Yi
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In recent times the generation of 3D assets from text prompts has shown impressive results. Both 2D and 3D diffusion models can help generate decent 3D objects based on prompts. 3D diffusion models have good 3D consistency but their quality and generalization are limited as trainable 3D data is expensive and hard to obtain. 2D diffusion models enjoy strong abilities of generalization and fine generation but 3D consistency is hard to guarantee. This paper attempts to bridge the power from the two types of diffusion models via the recent explicit and efficient 3D Gaussian splatting representation. A fast 3D object generation framework named as GaussianDreamer is proposed where the 3D diffusion model provides priors for initialization and the 2D diffusion model enriches the geometry and appearance. Operations of noisy point growing and color perturbation are introduced to enhance the initialized Gaussians. Our GaussianDreamer can generate a high-quality 3D instance or 3D avatar within 15 minutes on one GPU much faster than previous methods while the generated instances can be directly rendered in real time. Demos and code are available at https://taoranyi.com/gaussiandreamer/.
Open-Vocabulary Attention Maps with Token Optimization for Semantic Segmentation in Diffusion Models
Authors: Roberto Alcover-Couso, Juan C. SanMiguel, José M. Martínez Pablo Marcos-Manchón
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Diffusion models represent a new paradigm in text-to-image generation. Beyond generating high-quality images from text prompts models such as Stable Diffusion have been successfully extended to the joint generation of semantic segmentation pseudo-masks. However current extensions primarily rely on extracting attentions linked to prompt words used for image synthesis. This approach limits the generation of segmentation masks derived from word tokens not contained in the text prompt. In this work we introduce Open-Vocabulary Attention Maps (OVAM)--a training-free method for text-to-image diffusion models that enables the generation of attention maps for any word. In addition we propose a lightweight optimization process based on OVAM for finding tokens that generate accurate attention maps for an object class with a single annotation. We evaluate these tokens within existing state-of-the-art Stable Diffusion extensions. The best-performing model improves its mIoU from 52.1 to 86.6 for the synthetic images' pseudo-masks demonstrating that our optimized tokens are an efficient way to improve the performance of existing methods without architectural changes or retraining.
OPERA: Alleviating Hallucination in Multi-Modal Large Language Models via Over-Trust Penalty and Retrospection-Allocation
Authors: Xiaoyi Dong, Pan Zhang, Bin Wang, Conghui He, Jiaqi Wang, Dahua Lin, Weiming Zhang, Nenghai Yu Qidong Huang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Hallucination posed as a pervasive challenge of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly impeded their real-world usage that demands precise judgment. Existing methods mitigate this issue with either training with specific designed data or inferencing with external knowledge from other sources incurring inevitable additional costs. In this paper we present OPERA a novel MLLM decoding method grounded in an Over-trust Penalty and a Retrospection-Allocation strategy serving as a nearly free lunch to alleviate the hallucination issue without additional data knowledge or training. Our approach begins with an interesting observation that most hallucinations are closely tied to the knowledge aggregation patterns manifested in the self-attention matrix i.e. MLLMs tend to generate new tokens by focusing on a few summary tokens but not all the previous tokens. Such partial over-trust inclination results in the neglecting of image tokens and describes the image content with hallucination. Based on the observation OPERA introduces a penalty term on the model logits during the beam-search decoding to mitigate the over-trust issue along with a rollback strategy that retrospects the presence of summary tokens in the previously generated tokens and re-allocate the token selection if necessary. With extensive experiments OPERA shows significant hallucination-mitigating performance on different MLLMs and metrics proving its effectiveness and generality. Our code is available at: https://github.com/shikiw/OPERA.
Volumetric Environment Representation for Vision-Language Navigation
Authors: Wenguan Wang, Yi Yang Rui Liu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Vision-language navigation (VLN) requires an agent to navigate through an 3D environment based on visual observations and natural language instructions. It is clear that the pivotal factor for successful navigation lies in the comprehensive scene understanding. Previous VLN agents employ monocular frameworks to extract 2D features of perspective views directly. Though straightforward they struggle for capturing 3D geometry and semantics leading to a partial and incomplete environment representation. To achieve a comprehensive 3D representation with fine-grained details we introduce a Volumetric Environment Representation (VER) which voxelizes the physical world into structured 3D cells. For each cell VER aggregates multi-view 2D features into such a unified 3D space via 2D-3D sampling. Through coarse-to-fine feature extraction and multi-task learning for VER our agent predicts 3D occupancy 3D room layout and 3D bounding boxes jointly. Based on online collected VERs our agent performs volume state estimation and builds episodic memory for predicting the next step. Experimental results show our environment representations from multi-task learning lead to evident performance gains on VLN. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance across VLN benchmarks (R2R REVERIE and R4R).
DreamComposer: Controllable 3D Object Generation via Multi-View Conditions
Authors: Yukun Huang, Xiaoyang Wu, Yuan-Chen Guo, Song-Hai Zhang, Hengshuang Zhao, Tong He, Xihui Liu Yunhan Yang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Utilizing pre-trained 2D large-scale generative models recent works are capable of generating high-quality novel views from a single in-the-wild image. However due to the lack of information from multiple views these works encounter difficulties in generating controllable novel views. In this paper we present DreamComposer a flexible and scalable framework that can enhance existing view-aware diffusion models by injecting multi-view conditions. Specifically DreamComposer first uses a view-aware 3D lifting module to obtain 3D representations of an object from multiple views. Then it renders the latent features of the target view from 3D representations with the multi-view feature fusion module. Finally the target view features extracted from multi-view inputs are injected into a pre-trained diffusion model. Experiments show that DreamComposer is compatible with state-of-the-art diffusion models for zero-shot novel view synthesis further enhancing them to generate high-fidelity novel view images with multi-view conditions ready for controllable 3D object reconstruction and various other applications.
Self-Calibrating Vicinal Risk Minimisation for Model Calibration
Authors: Changkun Ye, Ruikai Cui, Nick Barnes Jiawei Liu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Model calibration measuring the alignment between the prediction accuracy and model confidence is an important metric reflecting model trustworthiness. Existing dense binary classification methods without proper regularisation of model confidence are prone to being over-confident. To calibrate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) we propose a Self-Calibrating Vicinal Risk Minimisation (SCVRM) that explores the vicinity space of labeled data where vicinal images that are farther away from labeled images adopt the groundtruth label with decreasing label confidence. We prove that in the logistic regression problem SCVRM can be seen as a Vicinal Risk Minimisation plus a regularisation term that penalises the over-confident predictions. In practical implementation SCVRM is approximated using Monte Carlo sampling that samples additional augmented training images and labels from the vicinal distributions. Experimental results demonstrate that SCVRM can significantly enhance model calibration for different dense classification tasks on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution data. Code is available at https://github.com/Carlisle-Liu/SCVRM.
NeRFDeformer: NeRF Transformation from a Single View via 3D Scene Flows
Authors: Zhongzheng Ren, Xiaoming Zhao, Bowen Wen, Jonathan Tremblay, Stan Birchfield, Alexander Schwing Zhenggang Tang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: We present a method for automatically modifying a NeRF representation based on a single observation of a non-rigid transformed version of the original scene. Our method defines the transformation as a 3D flowspecifically as a weighted linear blending of rigid transformations of 3D anchor points that are defined on the surface of the scene. In order to identify anchor points we introduce a novel correspondence algorithm that first matches RGB-based pairs then leverages multi-view information and 3D reprojection to robustly filter false positives in two steps. We also introduce a new dataset for exploring the problem of modifying a NeRF scene through a single observation. Our dataset contains 113 scenes leveraging 47 3D assets.We show that our proposed method outperforms NeRF editing methods as well as diffusion-based methods and we also explore different methods for filtering correspondences.
LPSNet: End-to-End Human Pose and Shape Estimation with Lensless Imaging
Authors: Qiao Feng, Hailong Jia, Xiongzheng Li, Xiangjun Yin, You Zhou, Jingyu Yang, Kun Li Haoyang Ge
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Human pose and shape (HPS) estimation with lensless imaging is not only beneficial to privacy protection but also can be used in covert surveillance scenarios due to the small size and simple structure of this device. However this task presents significant challenges due to the inherent ambiguity of the captured measurements and lacks effective methods for directly estimating human pose and shape from lensless data. In this paper we propose the first end-to-end framework to recover 3D human poses and shapes from lensless measurements to our knowledge. We specifically design a multi-scale lensless feature decoder to decode the lensless measurements through the optically encoded mask for efficient feature extraction. We also propose a double-head auxiliary supervision mechanism to improve the estimation accuracy of human limb ends. Besides we establish a lensless imaging system and verify the effectiveness of our method on various datasets acquired by our lensless imaging system. The code and dataset are available at https://cic.tju.edu.cn/faculty/likun/projects/LPSNet.
Embracing Unimodal Aleatoric Uncertainty for Robust Multimodal Fusion
Authors: Xun Jiang, Xing Xu, Fumin Shen, Yujie Li, Heng Tao Shen Zixian Gao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: As a fundamental problem in multimodal learning multimodal fusion aims to compensate for the inherent limitations of a single modality. One challenge of multimodal fusion is that the unimodal data in their unique embedding space mostly contains potential noise which leads to corrupted cross-modal interactions. However in this paper we show that the potential noise in unimodal data could be well quantified and further employed to enhance more stable unimodal embeddings via contrastive learning. Specifically we propose a novel generic and robust multimodal fusion strategy termed Embracing Aleatoric Uncertainty (EAU) which is simple and can be applied to kinds of modalities. It consists of two key steps: (1) the Stable Unimodal Feature Augmentation (SUFA) that learns a stable unimodal representation by incorporating the aleatoric uncertainty into self-supervised contrastive learning. (2) Robust Multimodal Feature Integration (RMFI) leveraging an information-theoretic strategy to learn a robust compact joint representation. We evaluate our proposed EAU method on five multimodal datasets where the video RGB image text audio and depth image are involved. Extensive experiments demonstrate the EAU method is more noise-resistant than existing multimodal fusion strategies and establishes new state-of-the-art on several benchmarks.
Unifying Correspondence Pose and NeRF for Generalized Pose-Free Novel View Synthesis
Authors: Jaewoo Jung, Heeseong Shin, Jiaolong Yang, Seungryong Kim, Chong Luo Sunghwan Hong
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: This work delves into the task of pose-free novel view synthesis from stereo pairs a challenging and pioneering task in 3D vision. Our innovative framework unlike any before seamlessly integrates 2D correspondence matching camera pose estimation and NeRF rendering fostering a synergistic enhancement of these tasks. We achieve this through designing an architecture that utilizes a shared representation which serves as a foundation for enhanced 3D geometry understanding. Capitalizing on the inherent interplay between the tasks our unified framework is trained end-to-end with the proposed training strategy to improve overall model accuracy. Through extensive evaluations across diverse indoor and outdoor scenes from two real-world datasets we demonstrate that our approach achieves substantial improvement over previous methodologies especially in scenarios characterized by extreme viewpoint changes and the absence of accurate camera poses.
Draw Step by Step: Reconstructing CAD Construction Sequences from Point Clouds via Multimodal Diffusion.
Authors: Shuaiqi Chen, Yunzhong Lou, Xueyang Li, Xiangdong Zhou Weijian Ma
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Reconstructing CAD construction sequences from raw 3D geometry serves as an interface between real-world objects and digital designs. In this paper we propose CAD-Diffuser a multimodal diffusion scheme aiming at integrating top-down design paradigm into generative reconstruction. In particular we unify CAD point clouds and CAD construction sequences at the token level guiding our proposed multimodal diffusion strategy to understand and link between the geometry and the design intent concentrated in construction sequences. Leveraging the strong decoding abilities of language models the forward process is modeled as a random walk between the original token and the [MASK] token while the reverse process naturally fits the masked token modeling scheme. A volume-based noise schedule is designed to encourage outline-first generation decomposing the top-down design methodology into a machine-understandable procedure. For tokenizing CAD data of multiple modalities we introduce a tokenizer with a self-supervised face segmentation task to compress local and global geometric information for CAD point clouds and the CAD construction sequence is transformed into a primitive token string. Experimental results show that our CAD-Diffuser can perceive geometric details and the results are more likely to be reused by human designers.
DiffusionTrack: Point Set Diffusion Model for Visual Object Tracking
Authors: Zhongdao Wang, Chao Ma Fei Xie
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Existing Siamese or transformer trackers commonly pose visual object tracking as a one-shot detection problem i.e. locating the target object in a single forward evaluation scheme. Despite the demonstrated success these trackers may easily drift towards distractors with similar appearance due to the single forward evaluation scheme lacking self-correction. To address this issue we cast visual tracking as a point set based denoising diffusion process and propose a novel generative learning based tracker dubbed DiffusionTrack. Our DiffusionTrack possesses two appealing properties: 1) It follows a novel noise-to-target tracking paradigm that leverages multiple denoising diffusion steps to localize the target in a dynamic searching manner per frame. 2) It models the diffusion process using a point set representation which can better handle appearance variations for more precise localization. One side benefit is that DiffusionTrack greatly simplifies the post-processing e.g. removing window penalty scheme. Without bells and whistles our DiffusionTrack achieves leading performance over the state-of-the-art trackers and runs in real-time. The code is in https://github.com/VISION-SJTU/DiffusionTrack.
Towards a Simultaneous and Granular Identity-Expression Control in Personalized Face Generation
Authors: Bowen Ma, Wei Zhang, Zhipeng Hu, Changjie Fan, Tangjie Lv, Yu Ding, Xuan Cheng Renshuai Liu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In human-centric content generation the pre-trained text-to-image models struggle to produce user-wanted portrait images which retain the identity of individuals while exhibiting diverse expressions. This paper introduces our efforts towards personalized face generation. To this end we propose a novel multi-modal face generation framework capable of simultaneous identity-expression control and more fine-grained expression synthesis. Our expression control is so sophisticated that it can be specialized by the fine-grained emotional vocabulary. We devise a novel diffusion model that can undertake the task of simultaneously face swapping and reenactment. Due to the entanglement of identity and expression separately and precisely controlling them within one framework is a nontrivial task thus has not been explored yet. To overcome this we propose several innovative designs in the conditional diffusion model including balancing identity and expression encoder improved midpoint sampling and explicitly background conditioning. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the controllability and scalability of the proposed framework in comparison with state-of-the-art text-to-image face swapping and face reenactment methods.
PEEKABOO: Interactive Video Generation via Masked-Diffusion
Authors: Anshul Nasery, Vibhav Vineet, Harkirat Behl Yash Jain
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Modern video generation models like Sora have achieved remarkable success in producing high-quality videos. However a significant limitation is their inability to offer interactive control to users a feature that promises to open up unprecedented applications and creativity. In this work we introduce the first solution to equip diffusion-based video generation models with spatio-temporal control. We present Peekaboo a novel masked attention module which seamlessly integrates with current video generation models offering control without the need for additional training or inference overhead. To facilitate future research we also introduce a comprehensive benchmark for interactive video generation. This benchmark offers a standardized framework for the community to assess the efficacy of emerging interactive video generation models. Our extensive qualitative and quantitative assessments reveal that Peekaboo achieves up to a 3.8x improvement in mIoU over baseline models all while maintaining the same latency. Code and benchmark are available on the webpage.
Scaling Diffusion Models to Real-World 3D LiDAR Scene Completion
Authors: Rodrigo Marcuzzi, Benedikt Mersch, Jens Behley, Cyrill Stachniss Lucas Nunes
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Computer vision techniques play a central role in the perception stack of autonomous vehicles. Such methods are employed to perceive the vehicle surroundings given sensor data. 3D LiDAR sensors are commonly used to collect sparse 3D point clouds from the scene. However compared to human perception such systems struggle to deduce the unseen parts of the scene given those sparse point clouds. In this matter the scene completion task aims at predicting the gaps in the LiDAR measurements to achieve a more complete scene representation. Given the promising results of recent diffusion models as generative models for images we propose extending them to achieve scene completion from a single 3D LiDAR scan. Previous works used diffusion models over range images extracted from LiDAR data directly applying image-based diffusion methods. Distinctly we propose to directly operate on the points reformulating the noising and denoising diffusion process such that it can efficiently work at scene scale. Together with our approach we propose a regularization loss to stabilize the noise predicted during the denoising process. Our experimental evaluation shows that our method can complete the scene given a single LiDAR scan as input producing a scene with more details compared to state-of-the-art scene completion methods. We believe that our proposed diffusion process formulation can support further research in diffusion models applied to scene-scale point cloud data.
Discriminative Pattern Calibration Mechanism for Source-Free Domain Adaptation
Authors: Siyu Xia, Zhengming Ding Haifeng Xia
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) assumes that model adaptation only accesses the well-learned source model and unlabeled target instances for knowledge transfer. However cross-domain distribution shift easily triggers invalid discriminative semantics from source model on recognizing the target samples. Hence understanding the specific content of discriminative pattern and adjusting their representation in target domain become the important key to overcome SFDA. To achieve such a vision this paper proposes a novel explanation paradigm "Discriminative Pattern Calibration (DPC)" mechanism on solving SFDA issue. Concretely DPC first utilizes learning network to infer the discriminative regions on the target images and specifically emphasizes them in feature space to enhance their representation. Moreover DPC relies on the attention-reversed mixup mechanism to augment more samples and improve the robustness of the classifier. Considerable experimental results and studies suggest that the effectiveness of our DPC in enhancing the performance of existing SFDA baselines.
Deep Generative Model based Rate-Distortion for Image Downscaling Assessment
Authors: Bhavesh Garg, Paul Rosin, Yipeng Qin Yuanbang Liang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In this paper we propose Image Downscaling Assessment by Rate-Distortion (IDA-RD) a novel measure to quantitatively evaluate image downscaling algorithms. In contrast to image-based methods that measure the quality of downscaled images ours is process-based that draws ideas from rate-distortion theory to measure the distortion incurred during downscaling. Our main idea is that downscaling and super-resolution (SR) can be viewed as the encoding and decoding processes in the rate-distortion model respectively and that a downscaling algorithm that preserves more details in the resulting low-resolution (LR) images should lead to less distorted high-resolution (HR) images in SR. In other words the distortion should increase as the downscaling algorithm deteriorates. However it is non-trivial to measure this distortion as it requires the SR algorithm to be blind and stochastic. Our key insight is that such requirements can be met by recent SR algorithms based on deep generative models that can find all matching HR images for a given LR image on their learned image manifolds. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness of our IDA-RD measure.
Physical Backdoor: Towards Temperature-based Backdoor Attacks in the Physical World
Authors: Jian Lou, Pan Zhou, Yulai Xie, Dan Feng, Yuhua Sun, Tailai Zhang, Lichao Sun Wen Yin
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Backdoor attacks have been well-studied in visible light object detection (VLOD) in recent years. However VLOD can not effectively work in dark and temperature-sensitive scenarios. Instead thermal infrared object detection (TIOD) is the most accessible and practical in such environments. In this paper our team is the first to investigate the security vulnerabilities associated with TIOD in the context of backdoor attacks spanning both the digital and physical realms. We introduce two novel types of backdoor attacks on TIOD each offering unique capabilities: Object-affecting Attack and Range-affecting Attack. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of key factors influencing trigger design which include temperature size material and concealment. These factors especially temperature significantly impact the efficacy of backdoor attacks on TIOD. A thorough understanding of these factors will serve as a foundation for designing physical triggers and temperature controlling experiments. Our study includes extensive experiments conducted in both digital and physical environments. In the digital realm we evaluate our approach using benchmark datasets for TIOD achieving an Attack Success Rate (ASR) of up to 98.21%. In the physical realm we test our approach in two real-world settings: a traffic intersection and a parking lot using a thermal infrared camera. Here we attain an ASR of up to 98.38%.
Make Me a BNN: A Simple Strategy for Estimating Bayesian Uncertainty from Pre-trained Models
Authors: Olivier Laurent, Maxence Leguery, Andrei Bursuc, Andrea Pilzer, Angela Yao Gianni Franchi
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are powerful tools for various computer vision tasks yet they often struggle with reliable uncertainty quantification -a critical requirement for real-world applications. Bayesian Neural Networks (BNN) are equipped for uncertainty estimation but cannot scale to large DNNs where they are highly unstable to train. To address this challenge we introduce the Adaptable Bayesian Neural Network (ABNN) a simple and scalable strategy to seamlessly transform DNNs into BNNs in a post-hoc manner with minimal computational and training overheads. ABNN preserves the main predictive properties of DNNs while enhancing their uncertainty quantification abilities through simple BNN adaptation layers (attached to normalization layers) and a few fine-tuning steps on pre-trained models. We conduct extensive experiments across multiple datasets for image classification and semantic segmentation tasks and our results demonstrate that ABNN achieves state-of-the-art performance without the computational budget typically associated with ensemble methods.
Language-only Training of Zero-shot Composed Image Retrieval
Authors: Sanghyuk Chun, Wonjae Kim, Yoohoon Kang, Sangdoo Yun Geonmo Gu
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Composed image retrieval (CIR) task takes a composed query of image and text aiming to search relative images for both conditions. Conventional CIR approaches need a training dataset composed of triplets of query image query text and target image which is very expensive to collect. Several recent works have worked on the zero-shot (ZS) CIR paradigm to tackle the issue without using pre-collected triplets. However the existing ZS-CIR methods show limited backbone scalability and generalizability due to the lack of diversity of the input texts during training. We propose a novel CIR framework only using language for its training. Our LinCIR (Language-only training for CIR) can be trained only with text datasets by a novel self-supervision named self-masking projection (SMP). We project the text latent embedding to the token embedding space and construct a new text by replacing the keyword tokens of the original text. Then we let the new and original texts have the same latent embedding vector. With this simple strategy LinCIR is surprisingly efficient and highly effective; LinCIR with CLIP ViT-G backbone is trained in 48 minutes and shows the best ZS-CIR performances on four different CIR benchmarks CIRCO GeneCIS FashionIQ and CIRR even outperforming supervised method on FashionIQ. Code is available at https://github.com/navervision/lincir
EFHQ: Multi-purpose ExtremePose-Face-HQ dataset
Authors: Duc Hong Vu, Cuong Pham, Anh Tran Trung Tuan Dao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: The existing facial datasets while having plentiful images at near frontal views lack images with extreme head poses leading to the downgraded performance of deep learning models when dealing with profile or pitched faces. This work aims to address this gap by introducing a novel dataset named Extreme Pose Face High-Quality Dataset (EFHQ) which includes a maximum of 450k high-quality images of faces at extreme poses. To produce such a massive dataset we utilize a novel and meticulous dataset processing pipeline to curate two publicly available datasets VFHQ and CelebV-HQ which contain many high-resolution face videos captured in various settings. Our dataset can complement existing datasets on various facial-related tasks such as facial synthesis with 2D/3D-aware GAN diffusion-based text-to-image face generation and face reenactment. Specifically training with EFHQ helps models generalize well across diverse poses significantly improving performance in scenarios involving extreme views confirmed by extensive experiments. Additionally we utilize EFHQ to define a challenging cross-view face verification benchmark in which the performance of SOTA face recognition models drops 5-37% compared to frontal-to-frontal scenarios aiming to stimulate studies on face recognition under severe pose conditions in the wild.
Dynamic Cues-Assisted Transformer for Robust Point Cloud Registration
Authors: Pei Yan, Sihe Xiang, Yihua Tan Hong Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Point Cloud Registration is a critical and challenging task in computer vision. Recent advancements have predominantly embraced a coarse-to-fine matching mechanism with the key to matching the superpoints located in patches with inter-frame consistent structures. However previous methods still face challenges with ambiguous matching because the interference information aggregated from irrelevant regions may disturb the capture of inter-frame consistency relations leading to wrong matches. To address this issue we propose Dynamic Cues-Assisted Transformer (DCATr). Firstly the interference from irrelevant regions is greatly reduced by constraining attention to certain cues i.e. regions with highly correlated structures of potential corresponding superpoints. Secondly cues-assisted attention is designed to mine the inter-frame consistency relations while more attention is assigned to pairs with high consistent confidence in feature aggregation. Finally a dynamic updating fashion is proposed to facilitate mining richer consistency information further improving aggregated features' distinctiveness and relieving matching ambiguity. Extensive evaluations on indoor and outdoor standard benchmarks demonstrate that DCATr outperforms all state-of-the-art methods.