mtybilly/Instruct2DS huggingface dataset:
UFineBench: Towards Text-based Person Retrieval with Ultra-fine Granularity
Authors: Hanyu Zhou, Ying Nie, Feng Zhang, Tianyu Guo, Nong Sang, Yunhe Wang, Changxin Gao Jialong Zuo
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Existing text-based person retrieval datasets often have relatively coarse-grained text annotations. This hinders the model to comprehend the fine-grained semantics of query texts in real scenarios. To address this problem we contribute a new benchmark named UFineBench for text-based person retrieval with ultra-fine granularity. Firstly we construct a new dataset named UFine6926. We collect a large number of person images and manually annotate each image with two detailed textual descriptions averaging 80.8 words each. The average word count is three to four times that of the previous datasets. In addition of standard in-domain evaluation we also propose a special evaluation paradigm more representative of real scenarios. It contains a new evaluation set with cross domains cross textual granularity and cross textual styles named UFine3C and a new evaluation metric for accurately measuring retrieval ability named mean Similarity Distribution (mSD). Moreover we propose CFAM a more efficient algorithm especially designed for text-based person retrieval with ultra fine-grained texts. It achieves fine granularity mining by adopting a shared cross-modal granularity decoder and hard negative match mechanism. With standard in-domain evaluation CFAM establishes competitive performance across various datasets especially on our ultra fine-grained UFine6926. Furthermore by evaluating on UFine3C we demonstrate that training on our UFine6926 significantly improves generalization to real scenarios compared with other coarse-grained datasets. The dataset and code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/Zplusdragon/UFineBench.
Efficient Hyperparameter Optimization with Adaptive Fidelity Identification
Authors: Zeyi Wen, Atif Mansoor, Ajmal Mian Jiantong Jiang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Hyperparameter Optimization and Neural Architecture Search are powerful in attaining state-of-the-art machine learning models with Bayesian Optimization (BO) standing out as a mainstream method. Extending BO into the multi-fidelity setting has been an emerging research topic in this field but faces the challenge of determining an appropriate fidelity for each hyperparameter configuration to fit the surrogate model. To tackle the challenge we propose a multi-fidelity BO method named FastBO which excels in adaptively deciding the fidelity for each configuration and providing strong performance while ensuring efficient resource usage. These advantages are achieved through our proposed techniques based on the concepts of efficient point and saturation point for each configuration which can be obtained from the empirical learning curve of the configuration estimated from early observations. Extensive experiments demonstrate FastBO's superior anytime performance and efficiency in identifying high-quality configurations and architectures. We also show that our method provides a way to extend any single-fidelity method to the multi-fidelity setting highlighting the wide applicability of our approach.
ASH: Animatable Gaussian Splats for Efficient and Photoreal Human Rendering
Authors: Heming Zhu, Adam Kortylewski, Christian Theobalt, Marc Habermann Haokai Pang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Real-time rendering of photorealistic and controllable human avatars stands as a cornerstone in Computer Vision and Graphics. While recent advances in neural implicit rendering have unlocked unprecedented photorealism for digital avatars real-time performance has mostly been demonstrated for static scenes only. To address this we propose ASH an animatable Gaussian splatting approach for photorealistic rendering of dynamic humans in real time. We parameterize the clothed human as animatable 3D Gaussians which can be efficiently splatted into image space to generate the final rendering. However naively learning the Gaussian parameters in 3D space poses a severe challenge in terms of compute. Instead we attach the Gaussians onto a deformable character model and learn their parameters in 2D texture space which allows leveraging efficient 2D convolutional architectures that easily scale with the required number of Gaussians. We benchmark ASH with competing methods on pose-controllable avatars demonstrating that our method outperforms existing real-time methods by a large margin and shows comparable or even better results than offline methods.
Focus on Hiders: Exploring Hidden Threats for Enhancing Adversarial Training
Authors: Yuxiao Hu, Yinpeng Dong, Dongxiao Zhang, Yuntian Chen Qian Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Adversarial training is often formulated as a min-max problem however concentrating only on the worst adversarial examples causes alternating repetitive confusion of the model i.e. previously defended or correctly classified samples are not defensible or accurately classifiable in subsequent adversarial training. We characterize such non-ignorable samples as "hiders" which reveal the hidden high-risk regions within the secure area obtained through adversarial training and prevent the model from finding the real worst cases. We demand the model to prevent hiders when defending against adversarial examples for improving accuracy and robustness simultaneously. By rethinking and redefining the min-max optimization problem for adversarial training we propose a generalized adversarial training algorithm called Hider-Focused Adversarial Training (HFAT). HFAT introduces the iterative evolution optimization strategy to simplify the optimization problem and employs an auxiliary model to reveal hiders effectively combining the optimization directions of standard adversarial training and prevention hiders. Furthermore we introduce an adaptive weighting mechanism that facilitates the model in adaptively adjusting its focus between adversarial examples and hiders during different training periods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method based on extensive experiments and ensure that HFAT can provide higher robustness and accuracy. We will release the source code upon publication.
ArtAdapter: Text-to-Image Style Transfer using Multi-Level Style Encoder and Explicit Adaptation
Authors: Hamish Tennent, Ching-Wen Hsu Dar-Yen Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: This work introduces ArtAdapter a transformative text-to-image (T2I) style transfer framework that transcends traditional limitations of color brushstrokes and object shape capturing high-level style elements such as composition and distinctive artistic expression. The integration of a multi-level style encoder with our proposed explicit adaptation mechanism enables ArtAdapter to achieve unprecedented fidelity in style transfer ensuring close alignment with textual descriptions. Additionally the incorporation of an Auxiliary Content Adapter (ACA) effectively separates content from style alleviating the borrowing of content from style references. Moreover our novel fast finetuning approach could further enhance zero-shot style representation while mitigating the risk of overfitting. Comprehensive evaluations confirm that ArtAdapter surpasses current state-of-the-art methods.
GoodSAM: Bridging Domain and Capacity Gaps via Segment Anything Model for Distortion-aware Panoramic Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Yexin Liu, Xu Zheng, Lin Wang Weiming Zhang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: This paper tackles a novel yet challenging problem: how to transfer knowledge from the emerging Segment Anything Model (SAM) -- which reveals impressive zero-shot instance segmentation capacity -- to learn a compact panoramic semantic segmentation model i.e. student without requiring any labeled data. This poses considerable challenges due to SAM's inability to provide semantic labels and the large capacity gap between SAM and the student. To this end we propose a novel framework called GoodSAM that introduces a teacher assistant (TA) to provide semantic information integrated with SAM to generate ensemble logits to achieve knowledge transfer. Specifically we propose a Distortion-Aware Rectification (DAR) module that first addresses the distortion problem of panoramic images by imposing prediction-level consistency and boundary enhancement. This subtly enhances TA's prediction capacity on panoramic images. DAR then incorporates a cross-task complementary fusion block to adaptively merge the predictions of SAM and TA to obtain more reliable ensemble logits. Moreover we introduce a Multi-level Knowledge Adaptation (MKA) module to efficiently transfer the multi-level feature knowledge from TA and ensemble logits to learn a compact student model. Extensive experiments on two benchmarks show that our GoodSAM achieves a remarkable +3.75% mIoU improvement over the state-of-the-art (SOTA) domain adaptation methods e.g. [41]. Also our most lightweight model achieves comparable performance to the SOTA methods with only 3.7M parameters.
DYSON: Dynamic Feature Space Self-Organization for Online Task-Free Class Incremental Learning
Authors: Yingjie Chen, Yuhan Jin, Songlin Dong, Xing Wei, Yihong Gong Yuhang He
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In this paper we focus on a challenging Online Task-Free Class Incremental Learning (OTFCIL) problem. Different from the existing methods that continuously learn the feature space from data streams we propose a novel compute-and-align paradigm for the OTFCIL. It first computes an optimal geometry i.e. the class prototype distribution for classifying existing classes and updates it when new classes emerge and then trains a DNN model by aligning its feature space to the optimal geometry. To this end we develop a novel Dynamic Neural Collapse (DNC) algorithm to compute and update the optimal geometry. The DNC expands the geometry when new classes emerge without loss of the geometry optimality and guarantees the drift distance of old class prototypes with an explicit upper bound. Then we propose a novel Dynamic feature space Self-Organization (DYSON) method containing three major components including 1) a feature extractor 2) a Dynamic Feature-Geometry Alignment (DFGA) module aligning the feature space to the optimal geometry computed by DNC and 3) a training-free class-incremental classifier derived from the DNC geometry. Experimental comparison results on four benchmark datasets including CIFAR10 CIFAR100 CUB200 and CoRe50 demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the DYSON method. The source code is provided in the supplementary material.
Streaming Dense Video Captioning
Authors: Anurag Arnab, Shyamal Buch, Shen Yan, Austin Myers, Xuehan Xiong, Arsha Nagrani, Cordelia Schmid Xingyi Zhou
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: An ideal model for dense video captioning -- predicting captions localized temporally in a video -- should be able to handle long input videos predict rich detailed textual descriptions and be able to produce outputs before processing the entire video. Current state-of-the-art models however process a fixed number of downsampled frames and make a single full prediction after seeing the whole video. We propose a streaming dense video captioning model that consists of two novel components: First we propose a new memory module based on clustering incoming tokens which can handle arbitrarily long videos as the memory is of a fixed size. Second we develop a streaming decoding algorithm that enables our model to make predictions before the entire video has been processed. Our model achieves this streaming ability and significantly improves the state-of-the-art on three dense video captioning benchmarks: ActivityNet YouCook2 and ViTT. Our code is released at https://github.com/google-research/scenic.
Rethinking Inductive Biases for Surface Normal Estimation
Authors: Andrew J. Davison Gwangbin Bae
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Despite the growing demand for accurate surface normal estimation models existing methods use general-purpose dense prediction models adopting the same inductive biases as other tasks. In this paper we discuss the inductive biases needed for surface normal estimation and propose to (1) utilize the per-pixel ray direction and (2) encode the relationship between neighboring surface normals by learning their relative rotation. The proposed method can generate crisp - yet piecewise smooth - predictions for challenging in-the-wild images of arbitrary resolution and aspect ratio. Compared to a recent ViT-based state-of-the-art model our method shows a stronger generalization ability despite being trained on an orders of magnitude smaller dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/baegwangbin/DSINE.
Event-based Structure-from-Orbit
Authors: Yasir Latif, Tae Ha Park, Tat-Jun Chin Ethan Elms
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Event sensors offer high temporal resolution visual sensing which makes them ideal for perceiving fast visual phenomena without suffering from motion blur. Certain applications in robotics and vision-based navigation require 3D perception of an object undergoing circular or spinning motion in front of a static camera such as recovering the angular velocity and shape of the object. The setting is equivalent to observing a static object with an orbiting camera. In this paper we propose event-based structure-from-orbit (eSfO) where the aim is to simultaneously reconstruct the 3D structure of a fast spinning object observed from a static event camera and recover the equivalent orbital motion of the camera. Our contributions are threefold: since state-of-the-art event feature trackers cannot handle periodic self-occlusion due to the spinning motion we develop a novel event feature tracker based on spatio-temporal clustering and data association that can better track the helical trajectories of valid features in the event data. The feature tracks are then fed to our novel factor graph-based structure-from-orbit back-end that calculates the orbital motion parameters (e.g. spin rate relative rotational axis) that minimize the reprojection error. For evaluation we produce a new event dataset of objects under spinning motion. Comparisons against ground truth indicate the efficacy of eSfO.
LED: A Large-scale Real-world Paired Dataset for Event Camera Denoising
Authors: Yuxing Duan
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Event camera has significant advantages in capturingdynamic scene information while being prone to noise interferenceparticularly in challenging conditions like lowthreshold and low illumination. However most existing researchfocuses on gentle situations hindering event cameraapplications in realistic complex scenarios. To tackle thislimitation and advance the field we construct a new pairedreal-world event denoising dataset (LED) including 3K sequenceswith 18K seconds of high-resolution (1200*680)event streams and showing three notable distinctions comparedto others: diverse noise levels and scenes largerscalewith high-resolution and high-quality GT. Specificallyit contains stepped parameters and varying illuminationwith diverse scenarios. Moreover based on theproperty of noise events inconsistency and signal eventsconsistency we propose a novel effective denoising framework(DED) using homogeneous dual events to generate theGT with better separating noise from the raw. Furthermorewe design a bio-inspired baseline leveraging Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons with dynamic thresholdsto realize accurate denoising. The experimental resultsdemonstrate that the remarkable performance of the proposedapproach on different datasets.The dataset and codeare at https://github.com/Yee-Sing/led.
Fair Federated Learning under Domain Skew with Local Consistency and Domain Diversity
Authors: Wenke Huang, Mang Ye Yuhang Chen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative training. Under domain skew the current FL approaches are biased and face two fairness problems. 1) Parameter Update Conflict: data disparity among clients leads to varying parameter importance and inconsistent update directions. These two disparities cause important parameters to potentially be overwhelmed by unimportant ones of dominant updates. It consequently results in significant performance decreases for lower-performing clients. 2) Model Aggregation Bias: existing FL approaches introduce unfair weight allocation and neglect domain diversity. It leads to biased model convergence objective and distinct performance among domains. We discover a pronounced directional update consistency in Federated Learning and propose a novel framework to tackle above issues. First leveraging the discovered characteristic we selectively discard unimportant parameter updates to prevent updates from clients with lower performance overwhelmed by unimportant parameters resulting in fairer generalization performance. Second we propose a fair aggregation objective to prevent global model bias towards some domains ensuring that the global model continuously aligns with an unbiased model. The proposed method is generic and can be combined with other existing FL methods to enhance fairness. Comprehensive experiments on Digits and Office-Caltech demonstrate the high fairness and performance of our method.
Activity-Biometrics: Person Identification from Daily Activities
Authors: Yogesh Singh Rawat Shehreen Azad
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In this work we study a novel problem which focuses on person identification while performing daily activities. Learning biometric features from RGB videos is challenging due to spatio-temporal complexity and presence of appearance biases such as clothing color and background. We propose ABNet a novel framework which leverages disentanglement of biometric and non-biometric features to perform effective person identification from daily activities. ABNet relies on a bias-less teacher to learn biometric features from RGB videos and explicitly disentangle non-biometric features with the help of biometric distortion. In addition ABNet also exploits activity prior for biometrics which is enabled by joint biometric and activity learning. We perform comprehensive evaluation of the proposed approach across five different datasets which are derived from existing activity recognition benchmarks. Furthermore we extensively compare ABNet with existing works in person identification and demonstrate its effectiveness for activity-based biometrics across all five datasets. The code and dataset can be accessed at: https://github.com/sacrcv/Activity-Biometrics/
Z*: Zero-shot Style Transfer via Attention Reweighting
Authors: Xiangyu He, Fan Tang, Weiming Dong Yingying Deng
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Despite the remarkable progress in image style transfer formulating style in the context of art is inherently subjective and challenging. In contrast to existing methods this study shows that vanilla diffusion models can directly extract style information and seamlessly integrate the generative prior into the content image without retraining. Specifically we adopt dual denoising paths to represent content/style references in latent space and then guide the content image denoising process with style latent codes. We further reveal that the cross-attention mechanism in latent diffusion models tends to blend the content and style images resulting in stylized outputs that deviate from the original content image. To overcome this limitation we introduce a cross-attention reweighting strategy. Through theoretical analysis and experiments we demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the diffusion-based zero-shot style transfer via attention reweighting Z-STAR.
HIG: Hierarchical Interlacement Graph Approach to Scene Graph Generation in Video Understanding
Authors: Pha Nguyen, Khoa Luu Trong-Thuan Nguyen
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Visual interactivity understanding within visual scenes presents a significant challenge in computer vision. Existing methods focus on complex interactivities while leveraging a simple relationship model. These methods however struggle with a diversity of appearance situation position interaction and relation in videos. This limitation hinders the ability to fully comprehend the interplay within the complex visual dynamics of subjects. In this paper we delve into interactivities understanding within visual content by deriving scene graph representations from dense interactivities among humans and objects. To achieve this goal we first present a new dataset containing Appearance-Situation-Position-Interaction-Relation predicates named ASPIRe offering an extensive collection of videos marked by a wide range of interactivities. Then we propose a new approach named Hierarchical Interlacement Graph (HIG) which leverages a unified layer and graph within a hierarchical structure to provide deep insights into scene changes across five distinct tasks. Our approach demonstrates superior performance to other methods through extensive experiments conducted in various scenarios.
OOSTraj: Out-of-Sight Trajectory Prediction With Vision-Positioning Denoising
Authors: Yi Xu, Hongsheng Lu, Takayuki Shimizu, Yun Fu Haichao Zhang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Trajectory prediction is fundamental in computer vision and autonomous driving particularly for understanding pedestrian behavior and enabling proactive decision-making. Existing approaches in this field often assume precise and complete observational data neglecting the challenges associated with out-of-view objects and the noise inherent in sensor data due to limited camera range physical obstructions and the absence of ground truth for denoised sensor data. Such oversights are critical safety concerns as they can result in missing essential non-visible objects. To bridge this gap we present a novel method for out-of-sight trajectory prediction that leverages a vision-positioning technique. Our approach denoises noisy sensor observations in an unsupervised manner and precisely maps sensor-based trajectories of out-of-sight objects into visual trajectories. This method has demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in out-of-sight noisy sensor trajectory denoising and prediction on the Vi-Fi and JRDB datasets. By enhancing trajectory prediction accuracy and addressing the challenges of out-of-sight objects our work significantly contributes to improving the safety and reliability of autonomous driving in complex environments. Our work represents the first initiative towards Out-Of-Sight Trajectory prediction (OOSTraj) setting a new benchmark for future research.
FADES: Fair Disentanglement with Sensitive Relevance
Authors: Xiaoqian Wang Taeuk Jang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Learning fair representation in deep learning is essential to mitigate discriminatory outcomes and enhance trustworthiness. However previous research has been commonly established on inappropriate assumptions prone to unrealistic counterfactuals and performance degradation. Although some proposed alternative approaches such as employing correlation-aware causal graphs or proxies for mutual information these methods are less practical and not applicable in general. In this work we propose FAir DisEntanglement with Sensitive relevance (FADES) a novel approach that leverages conditional mutual information from the information theory perspective to address these challenges. We employ sensitive relevant code to direct correlated information between target labels and sensitive attributes by imposing conditional independence allowing better separation of the features of interest in the latent space. Utilizing an intuitive disentangling approach FADES consistently achieves superior performance and fairness both quantitatively and qualitatively with its straightforward structure. Specifically the proposed method outperforms existing works in downstream classification and counterfactual generations on various benchmarks.
Learning Continuous 3D Words for Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Matheus Gadelha, Thibault Groueix, Matthew Fisher, Radomir Mech, Andrew Markham, Niki Trigoni Ta-Ying Cheng
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Current controls over diffusion models (e.g. through text or ControlNet) for image generation fall short in recognizing abstract continuous attributes like illumination direction or non-rigid shape change. In this paper we present an approach for allowing users of text-to-image models to have fine-grained control of several attributes in an image. We do this by engineering special sets of input tokens that can be transformed in a continuous manner we call them Continuous 3D Words. These attributes can for example be represented as sliders and applied jointly with text prompts for fine-grained control over image generation. Given only a single mesh and a rendering engine we show that our approach can be adopted to provide continuous user control over several 3D-aware attributes including time-of-day illumination bird wing orientation dollyzoom effect and object poses. Our method is capable of conditioning image creation with multiple Continuous 3D Words and text descriptions simultaneously while adding no overhead to the generative process.
MarkovGen: Structured Prediction for Efficient Text-to-Image Generation
Authors: Daniel Glasner, Srikumar Ramalingam, Andreas Veit, Ayan Chakrabarti, Sanjiv Kumar Sadeep Jayasumana
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Modern text-to-image generation models produce high-quality images that are both photorealistic and faithful to the text prompts. However this quality comes at significant computational cost: nearly all of these models are iterative and require running sampling multiple times with large models. This iterative process is needed to ensure that different regions of the image are not only aligned with the text prompt but also compatible with each other. In this work we propose a light-weight approach to achieving this compatibility between different regions of an image using a Markov Random Field (MRF) model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on top of the latent token-based Muse text-to-image model. The MRF richly encodes the compatibility among image tokens at different spatial locations to improve quality and significantly reduce the required number of Muse sampling steps. Inference with the MRF is significantly cheaper and its parameters can be quickly learned through back-propagation by modeling MRF inference as a differentiable neural-network layer. Our full model MarkovGen uses this proposed MRF model to both speed up Muse by 1.5xand produce higher quality images by decreasing undesirable image artifacts.
Self-Supervised Class-Agnostic Motion Prediction with Spatial and Temporal Consistency Regularizations
Authors: Yizheng Wu, Jun Cen, Zhiyu Pan, Xingyi Li, Zhe Wang, Zhiguo Cao, Guosheng Lin Kewei Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: The perception of motion behavior in a dynamic environment holds significant importance for autonomous driving systems wherein class-agnostic motion prediction methods directly predict the motion of the entire point cloud. While most existing methods rely on fully-supervised learning the manual labeling of point cloud data is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore several annotation-efficient methods have been proposed to address this challenge. Although effective these methods rely on weak annotations or additional multi-modal data like images and the potential benefits inherent in the point cloud sequence are still underexplored. To this end we explore the feasibility of self-supervised motion prediction with only unlabeled LiDAR point clouds. Initially we employ an optimal transport solver to establish coarse correspondences between current and future point clouds as the coarse pseudo motion labels. Training models directly using such coarse labels leads to noticeable spatial and temporal prediction inconsistencies. To mitigate these issues we introduce three simple spatial and temporal regularization losses which facilitate the self-supervised training process effectively. Experimental results demonstrate the significant superiority of our approach over the state-of-the-art self-supervised methods. Code will be available.
HashPoint: Accelerated Point Searching and Sampling for Neural Rendering
Authors: Miaomiao Liu, David Ahmedt-Aristizabal, Chuong Nguyen Jiahao Ma
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of efficient point searching and sampling for volume neural rendering. Within this realm two typical approaches are employed: rasterization and ray tracing. The rasterization-based methods enable real-time rendering at the cost of increased memory and lower fidelity. In contrast the ray-tracing-based methods yield superior quality but demand longer rendering time. We solve this problem by our HashPoint method combining these two strategies leveraging rasterization for efficient point searching and sampling and ray marching for rendering. Our method optimizes point searching by rasterizing points within the camera's view organizing them in a hash table and facilitating rapid searches. Notably we accelerate the rendering process by adaptive sampling on the primary surface encountered by the ray. Our approach yields substantial speed-up for a range of state-of-the-art ray-tracing-based methods maintaining equivalent or superior accuracy across synthetic and real test datasets. The code will be available at https://jiahao-ma.github.io/hashpoint/
MFP: Making Full Use of Probability Maps for Interactive Image Segmentation
Authors: Seon-Ho Lee, Chang-Su Kim Chaewon Lee
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: In recent interactive segmentation algorithms previous probability maps are used as network input to help predictions in the current segmentation round. However despite the utilization of previous masks useful information contained in the probability maps is not well propagated to the current predictions. In this paper to overcome this limitation we propose a novel and effective algorithm for click-based interactive image segmentation called MFP which attempts to make full use of probability maps. We first modulate previous probability maps to enhance their representations of user-specified objects. Then we feed the modulated probability maps as additional input to the segmentation network. We implement the proposed MFP algorithm based on the ResNet-34 HRNet-18 and ViT-B backbones and assess the performance extensively on various datasets. It is demonstrated that MFP meaningfully outperforms the existing algorithms using identical backbones. The source codes are available at https://github.com/cwlee00/MFP.
CAT: Exploiting Inter-Class Dynamics for Domain Adaptive Object Detection
Authors: Jian-Gang Wang, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, Robby T. Tan Mikhail Kennerley
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Domain adaptive object detection aims to adapt detection models to domains where annotated data is unavailable. Existing methods have been proposed to address the domain gap using the semi-supervised student-teacher framework. However a fundamental issue arises from the class imbalance in the labelled training set which can result in inaccurate pseudo-labels. The relationship between classes especially where one class is a majority and the other minority has a large impact on class bias. We propose Class-Aware Teacher (CAT) to address the class bias issue in the domain adaptation setting. In our work we approximate the class relationships with our Inter-Class Relation module (ICRm) and exploit it to reduce the bias within the model. In this way we are able to apply augmentations to highly related classes both inter- and intra-domain to boost the performance of minority classes while having minimal impact on majority classes. We further reduce the bias by implementing a class-relation weight to our classification loss. Experiments conducted on various datasets and ablation studies show that our method is able to address the class bias in the domain adaptation setting. On the Cityscapes ? Foggy Cityscapes dataset we attained a 52.5 mAP a substantial improvement over the 51.2 mAP achieved by the state-of-the-art method.
StyLitGAN: Image-Based Relighting via Latent Control
Authors: James Soole, D.A. Forsyth Anand Bhattad
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: We describe a novel method StyLitGAN for relighting and resurfacing images in the absence of labeled data. StyLitGAN generates images with realistic lighting effects including cast shadows soft shadows inter-reflections and glossy effects without the need for paired or CGI data. StyLitGAN uses an intrinsic image method to decompose an image followed by a search of the latent space of a pretrained StyleGAN to identify a set of directions. By prompting the model to fix one component (e.g. albedo) and vary another (e.g. shading) we generate relighted images by adding the identified directions to the latent style codes. Quantitative metrics of change in albedo and lighting diversity allow us to choose effective directions using a forward selection process. Qualitative evaluation confirms the effectiveness of our method.
An Empirical Study of Scaling Law for Scene Text Recognition
Authors: Zhenni Bi, Chuanjian Liu, Yunhe Wang, Kai Han Miao Rang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: The laws of model size data volume computation and model performance have been extensively studied in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However the scaling laws in Scene Text Recognition (STR) have not yet been investigated. To address this we conducted comprehensive studies that involved examining the correlations between performance and the scale of models data volume and computation in the field of text recognition. Conclusively the study demonstrates smooth power laws between performance and model size as well as training data volume when other influencing factors are held constant. Additionally we have constructed a large-scale dataset called REBU-Syn which comprises 6 million real samples and 18 million synthetic samples. Based on our scaling law and new dataset we have successfully trained a scene text recognition model achieving a new state-of-the-art on 6 common test benchmarks with a top-1 average accuracy of 97.42%. The models and dataset are publicly available at \href https://github.com/large-ocr-model/large-ocr-model.github.io  large-ocr-model.github.io .
Text2Loc: 3D Point Cloud Localization from Natural Language
Authors: Letian Shi, Zifeng Ding, Joao F. Henriques, Daniel Cremers Yan Xia
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: We tackle the problem of 3D point cloud localization based on a few natural linguistic descriptions and introduce a novel neural network Text2Loc that fully interprets the semantic relationship between points and text. Text2Loc follows a coarse-to-fine localization pipeline: text-submap global place recognition followed by fine localization. In global place recognition relational dynamics among each textual hint are captured in a hierarchical transformer with max-pooling (HTM) whereas a balance between positive and negative pairs is maintained using text-submap contrastive learning. Moreover we propose a novel matching-free fine localization method to further refine the location predictions which completely removes the need for complicated text-instance matching and is lighter faster and more accurate than previous methods. Extensive experiments show that Text2Loc improves the localization accuracy by up to 2x over the state-of-the-art on the KITTI360Pose dataset. Our project page is publicly available at: https: //yan-xia.github.io/projects/text2loc/.
SVDinsTN: A Tensor Network Paradigm for Efficient Structure Search from Regularized Modeling Perspective
Authors: Xi-Le Zhao, Junhua Zeng, Chao Li, Qibin Zhao, Heng-Chao Li, Ting-Zhu Huang Yu-Bang Zheng
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Tensor network (TN) representation is a powerful technique for computer vision and machine learning. TN structure search (TN-SS) aims to search for a customized structure to achieve a compact representation which is a challenging NP-hard problem. Recent "sampling-evaluation"-based methods require sampling an extensive collection of structures and evaluating them one by one resulting in prohibitively high computational costs. To address this issue we propose a novel TN paradigm named SVD-inspired TN decomposition (SVDinsTN) which allows us to efficiently solve the TN-SS problem from a regularized modeling perspective eliminating the repeated structure evaluations. To be specific by inserting a diagonal factor for each edge of the fully-connected TN SVDinsTN allows us to calculate TN cores and diagonal factors simultaneously with the factor sparsity revealing a compact TN structure. In theory we prove a convergence guarantee for the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves approximately 100 1000 times acceleration compared to the state-of-the-art TN-SS methods while maintaining a comparable level of representation ability.
Decomposing Disease Descriptions for Enhanced Pathology Detection: A Multi-Aspect Vision-Language Pre-training Framework
Authors: Yutong Xie, Yuankai Qi, Lingqiao Liu, Liyang Liu, Bowen Zhang, Zhibin Liao, Qi Wu, Minh-Son To, Johan W. Verjans Vu Minh Hieu Phan
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Medical vision language pre-training (VLP) has emerged as a frontier of research enabling zero-shot pathological recognition by comparing the query image with the textual descriptions for each disease. Due to the complex semantics of biomedical texts current methods struggle to align medical images with key pathological findings in unstructured reports. This leads to the misalignment with the target disease's textual representation. In this paper we introduce a novel VLP framework designed to dissect disease descriptions into their fundamental aspects leveraging prior knowledge about the visual manifestations of pathologies. This is achieved by consulting a large language model and medical experts. Integrating a Transformer module our approach aligns an input image with the diverse elements of a disease generating aspect-centric image representations. By consolidating the matches from each aspect we improve the compatibility between an image and its associated disease. Additionally capitalizing on the aspect-oriented representations we present a dual-head Transformer tailored to process known and unknown diseases optimizing the comprehensive detection efficacy. Conducting experiments on seven downstream datasets ours improves the accuracy of recent methods by up to 8.56% and 17.26% for seen and unseen categories respectively. Our code is released at https://github.com/HieuPhan33/MAVL.
MoMask: Generative Masked Modeling of 3D Human Motions
Authors: Yuxuan Mu, Muhammad Gohar Javed, Sen Wang, Li Cheng Chuan Guo
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: We introduce MoMask a novel masked modeling framework for text-driven 3D human motion generation. In MoMask a hierarchical quantization scheme is employed to represent human motion as multi-layer discrete motion tokens with high-fidelity details. Starting at the base layer with a sequence of motion tokens obtained by vector quantization the residual tokens of increasing orders are derived and stored at the subsequent layers of the hierarchy. This is consequently followed by two distinct bidirectional transformers. For the base-layer motion tokens a Masked Transformer is designated to predict randomly masked motion tokens conditioned on text input at training stage. During generation (i.e. inference) stage starting from an empty sequence our Masked Transformer iteratively fills up the missing tokens; Subsequently a Residual Transformer learns to progressively predict the next-layer tokens based on the results from current layer. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MoMask outperforms the state-of-art methods on the text-to-motion generation task with an FID of 0.045 (vs e.g. 0.141 of T2M-GPT) on the HumanML3D dataset and 0.228 (vs 0.514) on KIT-ML respectively. MoMask can also be seamlessly applied in related tasks without further model fine-tuning such as text-guided temporal inpainting.
Inverse Rendering of Glossy Objects via the Neural Plenoptic Function and Radiance Fields
Authors: Wenbo Hu, Lei Zhu, Rynson W.H. Lau Haoyuan Wang
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Inverse rendering aims at recovering both geometry and materials of objects. It provides a more compatible reconstruction for conventional rendering engines compared with the neural radiance fields (NeRFs). On the other hand existing NeRF-based inverse rendering methods cannot handle glossy objects with local light interactions well as they typically oversimplify the illumination as a 2D environmental map which assumes infinite lights only. Observing the superiority of NeRFs in recovering radiance fields we propose a novel 5D Neural Plenoptic Function (NeP) based on NeRFs and ray tracing such that more accurate lighting-object interactions can be formulated via the rendering equation. We also design a material-aware cone sampling strategy to efficiently integrate lights inside the BRDF lobes with the help of pre-filtered radiance fields. Our method has two stages: the geometry of the target object and the pre-filtered environmental radiance fields are reconstructed in the first stage and materials of the target object are estimated in the second stage with the proposed NeP and material-aware cone sampling strategy. Extensive experiments on the proposed real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our method can reconstruct high-fidelity geometry/materials of challenging glossy objects with complex lighting interactions from nearby objects. Project webpage: https://whyy.site/paper/nep
Split to Merge: Unifying Separated Modalities for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Yuke Li, Zhekai Du, Fengling Li, Ke Lu, Jingjing Li Xinyao Li
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Large vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have demonstrated good zero-shot learning performance in the unsupervised domain adaptation task. Yet most transfer approaches for VLMs focus on either the language or visual branches overlooking the nuanced interplay between both modalities. In this work we introduce a Unified Modality Separation (UniMoS) framework for unsupervised domain adaptation. Leveraging insights from modality gap studies we craft a nimble modality separation network that distinctly disentangles CLIP's features into language-associated and vision-associated components. Our proposed Modality-Ensemble Training (MET) method fosters the exchange of modality-agnostic information while maintaining modality-specific nuances. We align features across domains using a modality discriminator. Comprehensive evaluations on three benchmarks reveal our approach sets a new state-of-the-art with minimal computational costs. Code: https://github.com/TL-UESTC/UniMoS.
Fitting Flats to Flats
Authors: Ugo Finnendahl, Marc Alexa Gabriel Dogadov
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: Affine subspaces of Euclidean spaces are also referred to as flats. A standard task in computer vision or more generally in engineering and applied sciences is fitting a flat to a set of points which is commonly solved using the PCA. We generalize this technique to enable fitting a flat to a set of other flats possibly of varying dimensions based on representing the flats as squared distance fields. Compared to previous approaches such as Riemannian centers of mass in the manifold of affine Grassmannians our approach is conceptually much simpler and computationally more efficient yet offers desirable properties such as respecting symmetries and being equivariant to rigid transformations leading to more intuitive and useful results in practice. We demonstrate these claims in a number of synthetic experiments and a multi-view reconstruction task of line-like objects.
Fusing Personal and Environmental Cues for Identification and Segmentation of First-Person Camera Wearers in Third-Person Views
Authors: Yuchen Wang, Chuhua Wang Ziwei Zhao
Published in: IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2024 (Main Conference Track), 2024

Abstract: As wearable cameras become more popular an important question emerges: how to identify camera wearers within the perspective of conventional static cameras. The drastic difference between first-person (egocentric) and third-person (exocentric) camera views makes this a challenging task. We present PersonEnvironmentNet (PEN) a framework designed to integrate information from both the individuals in the two views and geometric cues inferred from the background environment. To facilitate research in this direction we also present TF2023 a novel dataset comprising synchronized first-person and third-person views along with masks of camera wearers and labels associating these masks with the respective first-person views. In addition we propose a novel quantitative metric designed to measure a model's ability to comprehend the relationship between the two views. Our experiments reveal that PEN outperforms existing methods. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/ziweizhao1993/PEN.