Chapter 9. Managing alerts In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, the Alerting UI enables you to manage alerts, silences, and alerting rules. Alerting rules . Alerting rules contain a set of conditions that outline a particular state within a cluster. Alerts are triggered when those conditions are true. An alerting rule can be assigned a severity that defines how the alerts are routed. Alerts . An alert is fired when the conditions defined in an alerting rule are true. Alerts provide a notification that a set of circumstances are apparent within an OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Silences . A silence can be applied to an alert to prevent notifications from being sent when the conditions for an alert are true. You can mute an alert after the initial notification, while you work on resolving the underlying issue. Note The alerts, silences, and alerting rules that are available in the Alerting UI relate to the projects that you have access to. For example, if you are logged in as a user with the cluster-admin role, you can access all alerts, silences, and alerting rules. 9.1. Accessing the Alerting UI in the Administrator and Developer perspectives The Alerting UI is accessible through the Administrator perspective and the Developer perspective of the OpenShift Container Platform web console. In the Administrator perspective, go to Observe Alerting . The three main pages in the Alerting UI in this perspective are the Alerts , Silences , and Alerting rules pages. In the Developer perspective, go to Observe <project_name> Alerts . In this perspective, alerts, silences, and alerting rules are all managed from the Alerts page. The results shown in the Alerts page are specific to the selected project. Note In the Developer perspective, you can select from core OpenShift Container Platform and user-defined projects that you have access to in the Project: <project_name> list. However, alerts, silences, and alerting rules relating to core OpenShift Container Platform projects are not displayed if you are not logged in as a cluster administrator. 9.2. Searching and filtering alerts, silences, and alerting rules You can filter the alerts, silences, and alerting rules that are displayed in the Alerting UI. This section provides a description of each of the available filtering options. Understanding alert filters In the Administrator perspective, the Alerts page in the Alerting UI provides details about alerts relating to default OpenShift Container Platform and user-defined projects. The page includes a summary of severity, state, and source for each alert. The time at which an alert went into its current state is also shown. You can filter by alert state, severity, and source. By default, only Platform alerts that are Firing are displayed. The following describes each alert filtering option: State filters: Firing . The alert is firing because the alert condition is true and the optional for duration has passed. The alert continues to fire while the condition remains true. Pending . The alert is active but is waiting for the duration that is specified in the alerting rule before it fires. Silenced . The alert is now silenced for a defined time period. Silences temporarily mute alerts based on a set of label selectors that you define. Notifications are not sent for alerts that match all the listed values or regular expressions. Severity filters: Critical . The condition that triggered the alert could have a critical impact. The alert requires immediate attention when fired and is typically paged to an individual or to a critical response team. Warning . The alert provides a warning notification about something that might require attention to prevent a problem from occurring. Warnings are typically routed to a ticketing system for non-immediate review. Info . The alert is provided for informational purposes only. None . The alert has no defined severity. You can also create custom severity definitions for alerts relating to user-defined projects. Source filters: Platform . Platform-level alerts relate only to default OpenShift Container Platform projects. These projects provide core OpenShift Container Platform functionality. User . User alerts relate to user-defined projects. These alerts are user-created and are customizable. User-defined workload monitoring can be enabled postinstallation to provide observability into your own workloads. Understanding silence filters In the Administrator perspective, the Silences page in the Alerting UI provides details about silences applied to alerts in default OpenShift Container Platform and user-defined projects. The page includes a summary of the state of each silence and the time at which a silence ends. You can filter by silence state. By default, only Active and Pending silences are displayed. The following describes each silence state filter option: State filters: Active . The silence is active and the alert will be muted until the silence is expired. Pending . The silence has been scheduled and it is not yet active. Expired . The silence has expired and notifications will be sent if the conditions for an alert are true. Understanding alerting rule filters In the Administrator perspective, the Alerting rules page in the Alerting UI provides details about alerting rules relating to default OpenShift Container Platform and user-defined projects. The page includes a summary of the state, severity, and source for each alerting rule. You can filter alerting rules by alert state, severity, and source. By default, only Platform alerting rules are displayed. The following describes each alerting rule filtering option: Alert state filters: Firing . The alert is firing because the alert condition is true and the optional for duration has passed. The alert continues to fire while the condition remains true. Pending . The alert is active but is waiting for the duration that is specified in the alerting rule before it fires. Silenced . The alert is now silenced for a defined time period. Silences temporarily mute alerts based on a set of label selectors that you define. Notifications are not sent for alerts that match all the listed values or regular expressions. Not Firing . The alert is not firing. Severity filters: Critical . The conditions defined in the alerting rule could have a critical impact. When true, these conditions require immediate attention. Alerts relating to the rule are typically paged to an individual or to a critical response team. Warning . The conditions defined in the alerting rule might require attention to prevent a problem from occurring. Alerts relating to the rule are typically routed to a ticketing system for non-immediate review. Info . The alerting rule provides informational alerts only. None . The alerting rule has no defined severity. You can also create custom severity definitions for alerting rules relating to user-defined projects. Source filters: Platform . Platform-level alerting rules relate only to default OpenShift Container Platform projects. These projects provide core OpenShift Container Platform functionality. User . User-defined workload alerting rules relate to user-defined projects. These alerting rules are user-created and are customizable. User-defined workload monitoring can be enabled postinstallation to provide observability into your own workloads. Searching and filtering alerts, silences, and alerting rules in the Developer perspective In the Developer perspective, the Alerts page in the Alerting UI provides a combined view of alerts and silences relating to the selected project. A link to the governing alerting rule is provided for each displayed alert. In this view, you can filter by alert state and severity. By default, all alerts in the selected project are displayed if you have permission to access the project. These filters are the same as those described for the Administrator perspective. 9.3. Getting information about alerts, silences, and alerting rules The Alerting UI provides detailed information about alerts and their governing alerting rules and silences. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a developer or as a user with view permissions for the project that you are viewing alerts for. Procedure To obtain information about alerts in the Administrator perspective : Open the OpenShift Container Platform web console and go to the Observe Alerting Alerts page. Optional: Search for alerts by name by using the Name field in the search list. Optional: Filter alerts by state, severity, and source by selecting filters in the Filter list. Optional: Sort the alerts by clicking one or more of the Name , Severity , State , and Source column headers. Click the name of an alert to view its Alert details page. The page includes a graph that illustrates alert time series data. It also provides the following information about the alert: A description of the alert Messages associated with the alert Labels attached to the alert A link to its governing alerting rule Silences for the alert, if any exist To obtain information about silences in the Administrator perspective : Go to the Observe Alerting Silences page. Optional: Filter the silences by name using the Search by name field. Optional: Filter silences by state by selecting filters in the Filter list. By default, Active and Pending filters are applied. Optional: Sort the silences by clicking one or more of the Name , Firing alerts , State , and Creator column headers. Select the name of a silence to view its Silence details page. The page includes the following details: Alert specification Start time End time Silence state Number and list of firing alerts To obtain information about alerting rules in the Administrator perspective : Go to the Observe Alerting Alerting rules page. Optional: Filter alerting rules by state, severity, and source by selecting filters in the Filter list. Optional: Sort the alerting rules by clicking one or more of the Name , Severity , Alert state , and Source column headers. Select the name of an alerting rule to view its Alerting rule details page. The page provides the following details about the alerting rule: Alerting rule name, severity, and description. The expression that defines the condition for firing the alert. The time for which the condition should be true for an alert to fire. A graph for each alert governed by the alerting rule, showing the value with which the alert is firing. A table of all alerts governed by the alerting rule. To obtain information about alerts, silences, and alerting rules in the Developer perspective : Go to the Observe <project_name> Alerts page. View details for an alert, silence, or an alerting rule: Alert details can be viewed by clicking a greater than symbol ( > ) to an alert name and then selecting the alert from the list. Silence details can be viewed by clicking a silence in the Silenced by section of the Alert details page. The Silence details page includes the following information: Alert specification Start time End time Silence state Number and list of firing alerts Alerting rule details can be viewed by clicking the menu to an alert in the Alerts page and then clicking View Alerting Rule . Note Only alerts, silences, and alerting rules relating to the selected project are displayed in the Developer perspective. Additional resources See the Cluster Monitoring Operator runbooks to help diagnose and resolve issues that trigger specific OpenShift Container Platform monitoring alerts. 9.4. Managing silences You can create a silence to stop receiving notifications about an alert when it is firing. It might be useful to silence an alert after being first notified, while you resolve the underlying issue. When creating a silence, you must specify whether it becomes active immediately or at a later time. You must also set a duration period after which the silence expires. You can view, edit, and expire existing silences. Note When you create silences, they are replicated across Alertmanager pods. However, if you do not configure persistent storage for Alertmanager, silences might be lost. This can happen, for example, if all Alertmanager pods restart at the same time. Additional resources Configuring persistent storage 9.4.1. Silencing alerts You can either silence a specific alert or silence alerts that match a specification that you define. Prerequisites If you are a cluster administrator, you have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. If you are a non-administrator user, you have access to the cluster as a user with the following user roles: The cluster-monitoring-view cluster role, which allows you to access Alertmanager. The monitoring-alertmanager-edit role, which permits you to create and silence alerts in the Administrator perspective in the web console. The monitoring-rules-edit cluster role, which permits you to create and silence alerts in the Developer perspective in the web console. Procedure To silence a specific alert: In the Administrator perspective: Navigate to the Observe Alerting Alerts page of the OpenShift Container Platform web console. For the alert that you want to silence, select the in the right-hand column and select Silence Alert . The Silence Alert form will appear with a pre-populated specification for the chosen alert. Optional: Modify the silence. You must add a comment before creating the silence. To create the silence, select Silence . In the Developer perspective: Navigate to the Observe <project_name> Alerts page in the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Expand the details for an alert by selecting greater than symbol ( > ) to the left of the alert name. Select the name of the alert in the expanded view to open the Alert Details page for the alert. Select Silence Alert . The Silence Alert form will appear with a prepopulated specification for the chosen alert. Optional: Modify the silence. You must add a comment before creating the silence. To create the silence, select Silence . To silence a set of alerts by creating an alert specification in the Administrator perspective: Navigate to the Observe Alerting Silences page in the OpenShift Container Platform web console. Select Create Silence . Set the schedule, duration, and label details for an alert in the Create Silence form. You must also add a comment for the silence. To create silences for alerts that match the label sectors that you entered in the step, select Silence . 9.4.2. Editing silences You can edit a silence, which will expire the existing silence and create a new one with the changed configuration. Procedure To edit a silence in the Administrator perspective: Navigate to the Observe Alerting Silences page. For the silence you want to modify, select the in the last column and choose Edit silence . Alternatively, you can select Actions Edit Silence in the Silence Details page for a silence. In the Edit Silence page, enter your changes and select Silence . This will expire the existing silence and create one with the chosen configuration. To edit a silence in the Developer perspective: Navigate to the Observe <project_name> Alerts page. Expand the details for an alert by selecting > to the left of the alert name. Select the name of the alert in the expanded view to open the Alert Details page for the alert. Select the name of a silence in the Silenced By section in that page to navigate to the Silence Details page for the silence. Select the name of a silence to navigate to its Silence Details page. Select Actions Edit Silence in the Silence Details page for a silence. In the Edit Silence page, enter your changes and select Silence . This will expire the existing silence and create one with the chosen configuration. 9.4.3. Expiring silences You can expire a silence. Expiring a silence deactivates it forever. Note You cannot delete expired, silenced alerts. Expired silences older than 120 hours are garbage collected. Procedure To expire a silence in the Administrator perspective: Navigate to the Observe Alerting Silences page. For the silence you want to modify, select the in the last column and choose Expire silence . Alternatively, you can select Actions Expire Silence in the Silence Details page for a silence. To expire a silence in the Developer perspective: Navigate to the Observe <project_name> Alerts page. Expand the details for an alert by selecting > to the left of the alert name. Select the name of the alert in the expanded view to open the Alert Details page for the alert. Select the name of a silence in the Silenced By section in that page to navigate to the Silence Details page for the silence. Select the name of a silence to navigate to its Silence Details page. Select Actions Expire Silence in the Silence Details page for a silence. 9.5. Managing alerting rules for user-defined projects OpenShift Container Platform monitoring ships with a set of default alerting rules. As a cluster administrator, you can view the default alerting rules. In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, you can create, view, edit, and remove alerting rules in user-defined projects. Alerting rule considerations The default alerting rules are used specifically for the OpenShift Container Platform cluster. Some alerting rules intentionally have identical names. They send alerts about the same event with different thresholds, different severity, or both. Inhibition rules prevent notifications for lower severity alerts that are firing when a higher severity alert is also firing. 9.5.1. Optimizing alerting for user-defined projects You can optimize alerting for your own projects by considering the following recommendations when creating alerting rules: Minimize the number of alerting rules that you create for your project . Create alerting rules that notify you of conditions that impact you. It is more difficult to notice relevant alerts if you generate many alerts for conditions that do not impact you. Create alerting rules for symptoms instead of causes . Create alerting rules that notify you of conditions regardless of the underlying cause. The cause can then be investigated. You will need many more alerting rules if each relates only to a specific cause. Some causes are then likely to be missed. Plan before you write your alerting rules . Determine what symptoms are important to you and what actions you want to take if they occur. Then build an alerting rule for each symptom. Provide clear alert messaging . State the symptom and recommended actions in the alert message. Include severity levels in your alerting rules . The severity of an alert depends on how you need to react if the reported symptom occurs. For example, a critical alert should be triggered if a symptom requires immediate attention by an individual or a critical response team. Additional resources See the Prometheus alerting documentation for further guidelines on optimizing alerts See Monitoring overview for details about OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 monitoring architecture 9.5.2. About creating alerting rules for user-defined projects If you create alerting rules for a user-defined project, consider the following key behaviors and important limitations when you define the new rules: A user-defined alerting rule can include metrics exposed by its own project in addition to the default metrics from core platform monitoring. You cannot include metrics from another user-defined project. For example, an alerting rule for the ns1 user-defined project can use metrics exposed by the ns1 project in addition to core platform metrics, such as CPU and memory metrics. However, the rule cannot include metrics from a different ns2 user-defined project. To reduce latency and to minimize the load on core platform monitoring components, you can add the openshift.io/prometheus-rule-evaluation-scope: leaf-prometheus label to a rule. This label forces only the Prometheus instance deployed in the openshift-user-workload-monitoring project to evaluate the alerting rule and prevents the Thanos Ruler instance from doing so. Important If an alerting rule has this label, your alerting rule can use only those metrics exposed by your user-defined project. Alerting rules you create based on default platform metrics might not trigger alerts. 9.5.3. Creating alerting rules for user-defined projects You can create alerting rules for user-defined projects. Those alerting rules will trigger alerts based on the values of the chosen metrics. Note When you create an alerting rule, a project label is enforced on it even if a rule with the same name exists in another project. To help users understand the impact and cause of the alert, ensure that your alerting rule contains an alert message and severity value. Prerequisites You have enabled monitoring for user-defined projects. You are logged in as a user that has the monitoring-rules-edit cluster role for the project where you want to create an alerting rule. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Create a YAML file for alerting rules. In this example, it is called example-app-alerting-rule.yaml . Add an alerting rule configuration to the YAML file. The following example creates a new alerting rule named example-alert . The alerting rule fires an alert when the version metric exposed by the sample service becomes 0 : apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1 kind: PrometheusRule metadata: name: example-alert namespace: ns1 spec: groups: - name: example rules: - alert: VersionAlert 1 for: 1m 2 expr: version{job="prometheus-example-app"} == 0 3 labels: severity: warning 4 annotations: message: This is an example alert. 5 1 The name of the alerting rule you want to create. 2 The duration for which the condition should be true before an alert is fired. 3 The PromQL query expression that defines the new rule. 4 The severity that alerting rule assigns to the alert. 5 The message associated with the alert. Apply the configuration file to the cluster: USD oc apply -f example-app-alerting-rule.yaml Additional resources See Monitoring overview for details about OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 monitoring architecture. 9.5.4. Accessing alerting rules for user-defined projects To list alerting rules for a user-defined project, you must have been assigned the monitoring-rules-view cluster role for the project. Prerequisites You have enabled monitoring for user-defined projects. You are logged in as a user that has the monitoring-rules-view cluster role for your project. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure To list alerting rules in <project> : USD oc -n <project> get prometheusrule To list the configuration of an alerting rule, run the following: USD oc -n <project> get prometheusrule <rule> -o yaml 9.5.5. Listing alerting rules for all projects in a single view As a cluster administrator, you can list alerting rules for core OpenShift Container Platform and user-defined projects together in a single view. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure In the Administrator perspective, navigate to Observe Alerting Alerting rules . Select the Platform and User sources in the Filter drop-down menu. Note The Platform source is selected by default. 9.5.6. Removing alerting rules for user-defined projects You can remove alerting rules for user-defined projects. Prerequisites You have enabled monitoring for user-defined projects. You are logged in as a user that has the monitoring-rules-edit cluster role for the project where you want to create an alerting rule. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure To remove rule <foo> in <namespace> , run the following: USD oc -n <namespace> delete prometheusrule <foo> Additional resources See the Alertmanager documentation 9.6. Managing alerting rules for core platform monitoring Important Creating and modifying alerting rules for core platform monitoring is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope . OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 monitoring ships with a large set of default alerting rules for platform metrics. As a cluster administrator, you can customize this set of rules in two ways: Modify the settings for existing platform alerting rules by adjusting thresholds or by adding and modifying labels. For example, you can change the severity label for an alert from warning to critical to help you route and triage issues flagged by an alert. Define and add new custom alerting rules by constructing a query expression based on core platform metrics in the openshift-monitoring namespace. Core platform alerting rule considerations New alerting rules must be based on the default OpenShift Container Platform monitoring metrics. You must create the AlertingRule and AlertRelabelConfig objects in the openshift-monitoring namespace. You can only add and modify alerting rules. You cannot create new recording rules or modify existing recording rules. If you modify existing platform alerting rules by using an AlertRelabelConfig object, your modifications are not reflected in the Prometheus alerts API. Therefore, any dropped alerts still appear in the OpenShift Container Platform web console even though they are no longer forwarded to Alertmanager. Additionally, any modifications to alerts, such as a changed severity label, do not appear in the web console. 9.6.1. Modifying core platform alerting rules As a cluster administrator, you can modify core platform alerts before Alertmanager routes them to a receiver. For example, you can change the severity label of an alert, add a custom label, or exclude an alert from being sent to Alertmanager. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin cluster role. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have enabled Technology Preview features, and all nodes in the cluster are ready. Procedure Create a new YAML configuration file named example-modified-alerting-rule.yaml . Add an AlertRelabelConfig resource to the YAML file. The following example modifies the severity setting to critical for the default platform watchdog alerting rule: apiVersion: monitoring.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: AlertRelabelConfig metadata: name: watchdog namespace: openshift-monitoring 1 spec: configs: - sourceLabels: [alertname,severity] 2 regex: "Watchdog;none" 3 targetLabel: severity 4 replacement: critical 5 action: Replace 6 1 Ensure that the namespace is openshift-monitoring . 2 The source labels for the values you want to modify. 3 The regular expression against which the value of sourceLabels is matched. 4 The target label of the value you want to modify. 5 The new value to replace the target label. 6 The relabel action that replaces the old value based on regex matching. The default action is Replace . Other possible values are Keep , Drop , HashMod , LabelMap , LabelDrop , and LabelKeep . Important You must create the AlertRelabelConfig object in the openshift-monitoring namespace. Otherwise, the alert label will not change. Apply the configuration file to the cluster: USD oc apply -f example-modified-alerting-rule.yaml 9.6.2. Creating new alerting rules As a cluster administrator, you can create new alerting rules based on platform metrics. These alerting rules trigger alerts based on the values of chosen metrics. Note If you create a customized AlertingRule resource based on an existing platform alerting rule, silence the original alert to avoid receiving conflicting alerts. To help users understand the impact and cause of the alert, ensure that your alerting rule contains an alert message and severity value. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user that has the cluster-admin cluster role. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). You have enabled Technology Preview features, and all nodes in the cluster are ready. Procedure Create a new YAML configuration file named example-alerting-rule.yaml . Add an AlertingRule resource to the YAML file. The following example creates a new alerting rule named example , similar to the default Watchdog alert: apiVersion: monitoring.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: AlertingRule metadata: name: example namespace: openshift-monitoring 1 spec: groups: - name: example-rules rules: - alert: ExampleAlert 2 for: 1m 3 expr: vector(1) 4 labels: severity: warning 5 annotations: message: This is an example alert. 6 1 Ensure that the namespace is openshift-monitoring . 2 The name of the alerting rule you want to create. 3 The duration for which the condition should be true before an alert is fired. 4 The PromQL query expression that defines the new rule. 5 The severity that alerting rule assigns to the alert. 6 The message associated with the alert. Important You must create the AlertingRule object in the openshift-monitoring namespace. Otherwise, the alerting rule is not accepted. Apply the configuration file to the cluster: USD oc apply -f example-alerting-rule.yaml Additional resources See Monitoring overview for details about OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 monitoring architecture. See the Alertmanager documentation for information about alerting rules. See the Prometheus relabeling documentation for information about how relabeling works. See the Prometheus alerting documentation for further guidelines on optimizing alerts. 9.7. Sending notifications to external systems In OpenShift Container Platform 4.13, firing alerts can be viewed in the Alerting UI. Alerts are not configured by default to be sent to any notification systems. You can configure OpenShift Container Platform to send alerts to the following receiver types: PagerDuty Webhook Email Slack Routing alerts to receivers enables you to send timely notifications to the appropriate teams when failures occur. For example, critical alerts require immediate attention and are typically paged to an individual or a critical response team. Alerts that provide non-critical warning notifications might instead be routed to a ticketing system for non-immediate review. Checking that alerting is operational by using the watchdog alert OpenShift Container Platform monitoring includes a watchdog alert that fires continuously. Alertmanager repeatedly sends watchdog alert notifications to configured notification providers. The provider is usually configured to notify an administrator when it stops receiving the watchdog alert. This mechanism helps you quickly identify any communication issues between Alertmanager and the notification provider. 9.7.1. Configuring alert receivers You can configure alert receivers to ensure that you learn about important issues with your cluster. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin cluster role. Procedure In the Administrator perspective, go to Administration Cluster Settings Configuration Alertmanager . Note Alternatively, you can go to the same page through the notification drawer. Select the bell icon at the top right of the OpenShift Container Platform web console and choose Configure in the AlertmanagerReceiverNotConfigured alert. Click Create Receiver in the Receivers section of the page. In the Create Receiver form, add a Receiver name and choose a Receiver type from the list. Edit the receiver configuration: For PagerDuty receivers: Choose an integration type and add a PagerDuty integration key. Add the URL of your PagerDuty installation. Click Show advanced configuration if you want to edit the client and incident details or the severity specification. For webhook receivers: Add the endpoint to send HTTP POST requests to. Click Show advanced configuration if you want to edit the default option to send resolved alerts to the receiver. For email receivers: Add the email address to send notifications to. Add SMTP configuration details, including the address to send notifications from, the smarthost and port number used for sending emails, the hostname of the SMTP server, and authentication details. Select whether TLS is required. Click Show advanced configuration if you want to edit the default option not to send resolved alerts to the receiver or edit the body of email notifications configuration. For Slack receivers: Add the URL of the Slack webhook. Add the Slack channel or user name to send notifications to. Select Show advanced configuration if you want to edit the default option not to send resolved alerts to the receiver or edit the icon and username configuration. You can also choose whether to find and link channel names and usernames. By default, firing alerts with labels that match all of the selectors are sent to the receiver. If you want label values for firing alerts to be matched exactly before they are sent to the receiver, perform the following steps: Add routing label names and values in the Routing labels section of the form. Select Regular expression if want to use a regular expression. Click Add label to add further routing labels. Click Create to create the receiver. 9.7.2. Configuring different alert receivers for default platform alerts and user-defined alerts You can configure different alert receivers for default platform alerts and user-defined alerts to ensure the following results: All default platform alerts are sent to a receiver owned by the team in charge of these alerts. All user-defined alerts are sent to another receiver so that the team can focus only on platform alerts. You can achieve this by using the openshift_io_alert_source="platform" label that is added by the Cluster Monitoring Operator to all platform alerts: Use the openshift_io_alert_source="platform" matcher to match default platform alerts. Use the openshift_io_alert_source!="platform" or 'openshift_io_alert_source=""' matcher to match user-defined alerts. Note This configuration does not apply if you have enabled a separate instance of Alertmanager dedicated to user-defined alerts. 9.7.3. Creating alert routing for user-defined projects If you are a non-administrator user who has been given the alert-routing-edit cluster role, you can create or edit alert routing for user-defined projects. Prerequisites A cluster administrator has enabled monitoring for user-defined projects. A cluster administrator has enabled alert routing for user-defined projects. You are logged in as a user that has the alert-routing-edit cluster role for the project for which you want to create alert routing. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Create a YAML file for alert routing. The example in this procedure uses a file called example-app-alert-routing.yaml . Add an AlertmanagerConfig YAML definition to the file. For example: apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1beta1 kind: AlertmanagerConfig metadata: name: example-routing namespace: ns1 spec: route: receiver: default groupBy: [job] receivers: - name: default webhookConfigs: - url: https://example.org/post Note For user-defined alerting rules, user-defined routing is scoped to the namespace in which the resource is defined. For example, a routing configuration defined in the AlertmanagerConfig object for namespace ns1 only applies to PrometheusRules resources in the same namespace. Save the file. Apply the resource to the cluster: USD oc apply -f example-app-alert-routing.yaml The configuration is automatically applied to the Alertmanager pods. 9.8. Configuring Alertmanager to send notifications You can configure Alertmanager to send notifications by editing the alertmanager-main secret for default platform alerts or alertmanager-user-workload secret for user-defined alerts. Note All features of a supported version of upstream Alertmanager are also supported in an OpenShift Alertmanager configuration. To check all the configuration options of a supported version of upstream Alertmanager, see Alertmanager configuration . 9.8.1. Configuring notifications for default platform alerts You can configure Alertmanager to send notifications. Customize where and how Alertmanager sends notifications about default platform alerts by editing the default configuration in the alertmanager-main secret in the openshift-monitoring namespace. Important Alertmanager does not send notifications by default. It is recommended to configure Alertmanager to receive notifications by setting up notifications details in the alertmanager-main secret configuration file. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin cluster role. Procedure Open the Alertmanager YAML configuration file: To open the Alertmanager configuration from the CLI: Print the currently active Alertmanager configuration from the alertmanager-main secret into alertmanager.yaml file: USD oc -n openshift-monitoring get secret alertmanager-main --template='{{ index .data "alertmanager.yaml" }}' | base64 --decode > alertmanager.yaml Open the alertmanager.yaml file. To open the Alertmanager configuration from the OpenShift Container Platform web console: Go to the Administration Cluster Settings Configuration Alertmanager YAML page of the web console. Edit the Alertmanager configuration by updating parameters in the YAML: global: resolve_timeout: 5m route: group_wait: 30s 1 group_interval: 5m 2 repeat_interval: 12h 3 receiver: default routes: - matchers: - "alertname=Watchdog" repeat_interval: 2m receiver: watchdog - matchers: - "service=<your_service>" 4 routes: - matchers: - <your_matching_rules> 5 receiver: <receiver> 6 receivers: - name: default - name: watchdog - name: <receiver> <receiver_configuration> 7 1 Specify how long Alertmanager waits while collecting initial alerts for a group of alerts before sending a notification. 2 Specify how much time must elapse before Alertmanager sends a notification about new alerts added to a group of alerts for which an initial notification was already sent. 3 Specify the minimum amount of time that must pass before an alert notification is repeated. If you want a notification to repeat at each group interval, set the repeat_interval value to less than the group_interval value. The repeated notification can still be delayed, for example, when certain Alertmanager pods are restarted or rescheduled. 4 Specify the name of the service that fires the alerts. 5 Specify labels to match your alerts. 6 Specify the name of the receiver to use for the alerts. 7 Specify the receiver configuration. Important Use the matchers key name to indicate the matchers that an alert has to fulfill to match the node. Do not use the match or match_re key names, which are both deprecated and planned for removal in a future release. If you define inhibition rules, use the following key names: target_matchers : to indicate the target matchers source_matchers : to indicate the source matchers Do not use the target_match , target_match_re , source_match , or source_match_re key names, which are deprecated and planned for removal in a future release. The following Alertmanager configuration example configures PagerDuty as an alert receiver: global: resolve_timeout: 5m route: group_wait: 30s group_interval: 5m repeat_interval: 12h receiver: default routes: - matchers: - "alertname=Watchdog" repeat_interval: 2m receiver: watchdog - matchers: - "service=example-app" routes: - matchers: - "severity=critical" receiver: team-frontend-page receivers: - name: default - name: watchdog - name: team-frontend-page pagerduty_configs: - service_key: "<your_key>" With this configuration, alerts of critical severity that are fired by the example-app service are sent through the team-frontend-page receiver. Typically, these types of alerts would be paged to an individual or a critical response team. Apply the new configuration in the file: To apply the changes from the CLI, run the following command: USD oc -n openshift-monitoring create secret generic alertmanager-main --from-file=alertmanager.yaml --dry-run=client -o=yaml | oc -n openshift-monitoring replace secret --filename=- To apply the changes from the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Save . 9.8.2. Configuring notifications for user-defined alerts If you have enabled a separate instance of Alertmanager that is dedicated to user-defined alert routing, you can customize where and how the instance sends notifications by editing the alertmanager-user-workload secret in the openshift-user-workload-monitoring namespace. Prerequisites You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin cluster role. You have installed the OpenShift CLI ( oc ). Procedure Print the currently active Alertmanager configuration into the file alertmanager.yaml : USD oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring get secret alertmanager-user-workload --template='{{ index .data "alertmanager.yaml" }}' | base64 --decode > alertmanager.yaml Edit the configuration in alertmanager.yaml : route: receiver: Default group_by: - name: Default routes: - matchers: - "service = prometheus-example-monitor" 1 receiver: <receiver> 2 receivers: - name: Default - name: <receiver> <receiver_configuration> 3 1 Specify labels to match your alerts. This example targets all alerts that have the service="prometheus-example-monitor" label. 2 Specify the name of the receiver to use for the alerts group. 3 Specify the receiver configuration. Apply the new configuration in the file: USD oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring create secret generic alertmanager-user-workload --from-file=alertmanager.yaml --dry-run=client -o=yaml | oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring replace secret --filename=- 9.9. Additional resources PagerDuty official site PagerDuty Prometheus Integration Guide Support version matrix for monitoring components Enabling alert routing for user-defined projects

Commands:
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1 kind: PrometheusRule metadata: name: example-alert namespace: ns1 spec: groups: - name: example rules: - alert: VersionAlert 1 for: 1m 2 expr: version{job="prometheus-example-app"} == 0 3 labels: severity: warning 4 annotations: message: This is an example alert. 5
oc apply -f example-app-alerting-rule.yaml
oc -n <project> get prometheusrule
oc -n <project> get prometheusrule <rule> -o yaml
oc -n <namespace> delete prometheusrule <foo>
apiVersion: monitoring.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: AlertRelabelConfig metadata: name: watchdog namespace: openshift-monitoring 1 spec: configs: - sourceLabels: [alertname,severity] 2 regex: "Watchdog;none" 3 targetLabel: severity 4 replacement: critical 5 action: Replace 6
oc apply -f example-modified-alerting-rule.yaml
apiVersion: monitoring.openshift.io/v1alpha1 kind: AlertingRule metadata: name: example namespace: openshift-monitoring 1 spec: groups: - name: example-rules rules: - alert: ExampleAlert 2 for: 1m 3 expr: vector(1) 4 labels: severity: warning 5 annotations: message: This is an example alert. 6
oc apply -f example-alerting-rule.yaml
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1beta1 kind: AlertmanagerConfig metadata: name: example-routing namespace: ns1 spec: route: receiver: default groupBy: [job] receivers: - name: default webhookConfigs: - url: https://example.org/post
oc apply -f example-app-alert-routing.yaml
oc -n openshift-monitoring get secret alertmanager-main --template='{{ index .data "alertmanager.yaml" }}' | base64 --decode > alertmanager.yaml
global: resolve_timeout: 5m route: group_wait: 30s 1 group_interval: 5m 2 repeat_interval: 12h 3 receiver: default routes: - matchers: - "alertname=Watchdog" repeat_interval: 2m receiver: watchdog - matchers: - "service=<your_service>" 4 routes: - matchers: - <your_matching_rules> 5 receiver: <receiver> 6 receivers: - name: default - name: watchdog - name: <receiver> <receiver_configuration> 7
global: resolve_timeout: 5m route: group_wait: 30s group_interval: 5m repeat_interval: 12h receiver: default routes: - matchers: - "alertname=Watchdog" repeat_interval: 2m receiver: watchdog - matchers: - "service=example-app" routes: - matchers: - "severity=critical" receiver: team-frontend-page receivers: - name: default - name: watchdog - name: team-frontend-page pagerduty_configs: - service_key: "<your_key>"
oc -n openshift-monitoring create secret generic alertmanager-main --from-file=alertmanager.yaml --dry-run=client -o=yaml | oc -n openshift-monitoring replace secret --filename=-
oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring get secret alertmanager-user-workload --template='{{ index .data "alertmanager.yaml" }}' | base64 --decode > alertmanager.yaml
route: receiver: Default group_by: - name: Default routes: - matchers: - "service = prometheus-example-monitor" 1 receiver: <receiver> 2 receivers: - name: Default - name: <receiver> <receiver_configuration> 3
oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring create secret generic alertmanager-user-workload --from-file=alertmanager.yaml --dry-run=client -o=yaml | oc -n openshift-user-workload-monitoring replace secret --filename=-