Chapter 10. Custom network interface templates After you configure Chapter 8, Basic network isolation , you can create a set of custom network interface templates to suit the nodes in your environment. For example, you can include the following files: The environment file to enable network isolation ( /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml ). The environment file to configure network defaults ( /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-environment.yaml ). Templates to define your NIC layout for each node. The overcloud core template collection contains a set of defaults for different use cases. To create a custom NIC template, render a default Jinja2 template as the basis for your custom templates. A custom environment file to enable NICs. This example uses a custom environment file ( /home/stack/templates/custom-network-configuration.yaml ) that references your custom interface templates. Any additional environment files to customize your networking parameters. If you customize your networks, a custom network_data.yaml file. If you create additional or custom composable networks, a custom network_data.yaml file and a custom roles_data.yaml file. Note Some of the files in the list are Jinja2 format files and have a .j2.yaml extension. Director renders these files to .yaml versions during deployment. 10.1. Custom network architecture The default NIC templates might not suit a specific network configuration. For example, you might want to create your own custom NIC template that suits a specific network layout. You might want to separate the control services and data services on to separate NICs. In this situation, you can map the service to NIC assignments in the following way: NIC1 (Provisioning) Provisioning / Control Plane NIC2 (Control Group) Internal API Storage Management External (Public API) NIC3 (Data Group) Tenant Network (VXLAN tunneling) Tenant VLANs / Provider VLANs Storage External VLANs (Floating IP/SNAT) NIC4 (Management) Management 10.2. Rendering default network interface templates for customization To simplify the configuration of custom interface templates, render the Jinja2 syntax of a default NIC template and use the rendered templates as the basis for your custom configuration. Procedure Render a copy of the openstack-tripleo-heat-templates collection with the process-templates.py script: This converts all Jinja2 templates to their rendered YAML versions and saves the results to ~/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-rendered . If you use a custom network file or custom roles file, you can include these files using the -n and -r options respectively: Copy the multiple NIC example: Edit the template set in custom-nics to suit your own network configuration. 10.3. Network interface architecture The custom NIC templates that you render in Section 10.2, "Rendering default network interface templates for customization" contain the parameters and resources sections. Parameters The parameters section contains all network configuration parameters for network interfaces. This includes information such as subnet ranges and VLAN IDs. This section should remain unchanged as the heat template inherits values from its parent template. However, you can use a network environment file to modify the values for some parameters. Resources The resources section is where the main network interface configuration occurs. In most cases, the resources section is the only one that requires modification. Each resources section begins with the following header: This snippet runs a script ( run-os-net-config.sh ) that creates a configuration file for os-net-config to use to configure network properties on a node. The network_config section contains the custom network interface data sent to the run-os-net-config.sh script. You arrange this custom interface data in a sequence based on the type of device. Important If you create custom NIC templates, you must set the run-os-net-config.sh script location to an absolute path for each NIC template. The script is located at /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/scripts/run-os-net-config.sh on the undercloud. 10.4. Network interface reference Network interface configuration contains the following parameters: interface Defines a single network interface. The configuration defines each interface using either the actual interface name ("eth0", "eth1", "enp0s25") or a set of numbered interfaces ("nic1", "nic2", "nic3"): Table 10.1. interface options Option Default Description name Name of the interface. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the interface. routes A list of routes assigned to the interface. For more information, see routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. primary False Defines the interface as the primary interface. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the interface. ethtool_opts Set this option to "rx-flow-hash udp4 sdfn" to improve throughput when you use VXLAN on certain NICs. vlan Defines a VLAN. Use the VLAN ID and subnet passed from the parameters section. For example: Table 10.2. vlan options Option Default Description vlan_id The VLAN ID. device The parent device to attach the VLAN. Use this parameter when the VLAN is not a member of an OVS bridge. For example, use this parameter to attach the VLAN to a bonded interface device. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the VLAN. routes A list of routes assigned to the VLAN. For more information, see routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. primary False Defines the VLAN as the primary interface. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the VLAN. ovs_bond Defines a bond in Open vSwitch to join two or more interfaces together. This helps with redundancy and increases bandwidth. For example: Table 10.3. ovs_bond options Option Default Description name Name of the bond. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the bond. routes A list of routes assigned to the bond. For more information, see routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. primary False Defines the interface as the primary interface. members A sequence of interface objects that you want to use in the bond. ovs_options A set of options to pass to OVS when creating the bond. ovs_extra A set of options to set as the OVS_EXTRA parameter in the network configuration file of the bond. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the bond. ovs_bridge Defines a bridge in Open vSwitch, which connects multiple interface , ovs_bond , and vlan objects together. The network interface type, ovs_bridge , takes a parameter name . Note If you have multiple bridges, you must use distinct bridge names other than accepting the default name of bridge_name . If you do not use distinct names, then during the converge phase, two network bonds are placed on the same bridge. If you are defining an OVS bridge for the external tripleo network, then retain the values bridge_name and interface_name as your deployment framework automatically replaces these values with an external bridge name and an external interface name, respectively. For example: Note The OVS bridge connects to the Networking service (neutron) server to obtain configuration data. If the OpenStack control traffic, typically the Control Plane and Internal API networks, is placed on an OVS bridge, then connectivity to the neutron server is lost whenever you upgrade OVS, or the OVS bridge is restarted by the admin user or process. This causes some downtime. If downtime is not acceptable in these circumstances, then you must place the Control group networks on a separate interface or bond rather than on an OVS bridge: You can achieve a minimal setting when you put the Internal API network on a VLAN on the provisioning interface and the OVS bridge on a second interface. To implement bonding, you need at least two bonds (four network interfaces). Place the control group on a Linux bond (Linux bridge). If the switch does not support LACP fallback to a single interface for PXE boot, then this solution requires at least five NICs. Table 10.4. ovs_bridge options Option Default Description name Name of the bridge. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the bridge. routes A list of routes assigned to the bridge. For more information, see routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. members A sequence of interface, VLAN, and bond objects that you want to use in the bridge. ovs_options A set of options to pass to OVS when creating the bridge. ovs_extra A set of options to to set as the OVS_EXTRA parameter in the network configuration file of the bridge. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the bridge. linux_bond Defines a Linux bond that joins two or more interfaces together. This helps with redundancy and increases bandwidth. Ensure that you include the kernel-based bonding options in the bonding_options parameter. For example: Note that nic2 uses primary: true to ensure that the bond uses the MAC address for nic2 . Table 10.5. linux_bond options Option Default Description name Name of the bond. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the bond. routes A list of routes assigned to the bond. See routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. primary False Defines the interface as the primary interface. members A sequence of interface objects that you want to use in the bond. bonding_options A set of options when creating the bond. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the bond. linux_bridge Defines a Linux bridge, which connects multiple interface , linux_bond , and vlan objects together. The external bridge also uses two special values for parameters: bridge_name , which is replaced with the external bridge name. interface_name , which is replaced with the external interface. For example: Table 10.6. linux_bridge options Option Default Description name Name of the bridge. use_dhcp False Use DHCP to get an IP address. use_dhcpv6 False Use DHCP to get a v6 IP address. addresses A list of IP addresses assigned to the bridge. routes A list of routes assigned to the bridge. For more information, see routes . mtu 1500 The maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the connection. members A sequence of interface, VLAN, and bond objects that you want to use in the bridge. defroute True Use a default route provided by the DHCP service. Only applies when you enable use_dhcp or use_dhcpv6 . persist_mapping False Write the device alias configuration instead of the system names. dhclient_args None Arguments that you want to pass to the DHCP client. dns_servers None List of DNS servers that you want to use for the bridge. routes Defines a list of routes to apply to a network interface, VLAN, bridge, or bond. For example: Option Default Description ip_netmask None IP and netmask of the destination network. default False Sets this route to a default route. Equivalent to setting ip_netmask: 0.0.0.0/0 . next_hop None The IP address of the router used to reach the destination network. 10.5. Example network interface layout The following snippet for an example Controller node NIC template demonstrates how to configure the custom network scenario to keep the control group separate from the OVS bridge: This template uses three network interfaces and assigns a number of tagged VLAN devices to the numbered interfaces, nic1 to nic3 . On nic2 and nic3 this template creates the OVS bridge that hosts the Storage, Tenant, and External networks. As a result, it creates the following layout: NIC1 (Provisioning) Provisioning / Control Plane NIC2 and NIC3 (Management) Internal API Storage Storage Management Tenant Network (VXLAN tunneling) Tenant VLANs / Provider VLANs External (Public API) External VLANs (Floating IP/SNAT) 10.6. Network interface template considerations for custom networks When you use composable networks, the process-templates.py script renders the static templates to include networks and roles that you define in your network_data.yaml and roles_data.yaml files. Ensure that your rendered NIC templates contain the following items: A static file for each role, including custom composable networks. The correct network definitions in the static file for each role. Each static file requires all of the parameter definitions for any custom networks, even if the network is not used on the role. Ensure that the rendered templates contain these parameters. For example, if you add a StorageBackup network only to the Ceph nodes, you must also include this definition in the parameters section in the NIC configuration templates for all roles: You can also include the parameters definitions for VLAN IDs and/or gateway IP, if necessary: The IpSubnet parameter for the custom network appears in the parameter definitions for each role. However, since the Ceph role might be the only role that uses the StorageBackup network, only the NIC configuration template for the Ceph role uses the StorageBackup parameters in the network_config section of the template. 10.7. Custom network environment file The custom network environment file (in this case, /home/stack/templates/custom-network-configuration.yaml ) is a heat environment file that describes the overcloud network environment and points to the custom network interface configuration templates. You can define the subnets and VLANs for your network along with IP address ranges. You can then customize these values for the local environment. The resource_registry section contains references to the custom network interface templates for each node role. Each resource registered uses the following format: OS::TripleO::[ROLE]::Net::SoftwareConfig: [FILE] [ROLE] is the role name and [FILE] is the respective network interface template for that particular role. For example: The parameter_defaults section contains a list of parameters that define the network options for each network type. 10.8. Network environment parameters The following table is a list of parameters that you can use in the parameter_defaults section of a network environment file to override the default parameter values in your NIC templates. Parameter Description Type ControlPlaneDefaultRoute The IP address of the router on the Control Plane, which is used as a default route for roles other than the Controller nodes. Set this value to the undercloud IP if you use IP masquerade instead of a router. string ControlPlaneSubnetCidr The CIDR netmask of the IP network used on the Control Plane. If the Control Plane network uses 192.168.24.0/24, the CIDR is 24 . string (though is always a number) *NetCidr The full network and CIDR netmask for a particular network. The default is automatically set to the network ip_subnet setting in the network_data.yaml file. For example, InternalApiNetCidr: 172.16.0.0/24 . string *AllocationPools The IP allocation range for a particular network. The default is automatically set to the network allocation_pools setting in the network_data.yaml file. For example, InternalApiAllocationPools: [{'start': '172.16.0.10', 'end': '172.16.0.200'}] . hash *NetworkVlanID The VLAN ID for a node on a particular network. The default is set automatically to the network vlan setting in the network_data.yaml file. For example, InternalApiNetworkVlanID: 201 . number *InterfaceDefaultRoute The router address for a particular network, which you can use as a default route for roles or for routes to other networks. The default is automatically set to the network gateway_ip setting in the network_data.yaml file. For example, InternalApiInterfaceDefaultRoute: 172.16.0.1 . string DnsServers A list of DNS servers added to resolv.conf. Usually allows a maximum of 2 servers. comma delimited list BondInterfaceOvsOptions The options for bonding interfaces. For example, BondInterfaceOvsOptions: "bond_mode=balance-slb" . string NeutronExternalNetworkBridge Legacy value for the name of the external bridge that you want to use for OpenStack Networking (neutron). This value is empty by default, which means that you can define multiple physical bridges in the NeutronBridgeMappings . In normal circumstances, do not override this value. string NeutronFlatNetworks Defines the flat networks that you want to configure in neutron plugins. The default value is datacentre to permit external network creation. For example, NeutronFlatNetworks: "datacentre" . string NeutronBridgeMappings The logical to physical bridge mappings that you want to use. The default value maps the external bridge on hosts ( br-ex ) to a physical name ( datacentre ). Refer to the logical name when you create OpenStack Networking (neutron) provider networks or floating IP networks. For example NeutronBridgeMappings: "datacentre:br-ex,tenant:br-tenant" . string NeutronPublicInterface Defines the interface that you want to bridge onto br-ex for network nodes when you do not use network isolation. Usually not used except in small deployments with only two networks. For example: NeutronPublicInterface: "eth0" . string NeutronNetworkType The tenant network type for OpenStack Networking (neutron). To specify multiple values, use a comma separated list. The first type that you specify is used until all available networks are exhausted, then the type is used. For example, NeutronNetworkType: "vxlan" . Note that vxlan is not supported by the ML2/OVN mechanism driver, which is the default ML2 mechanism driver. string NeutronTunnelTypes The tunnel types for the neutron tenant network. To specify multiple values, use a comma separated string. For example, NeutronTunnelTypes: 'gre,vxlan' . Note that vxlan is not supported by the ML2/OVN mechanism driver, which is the default ML2 mechanism driver. string / comma separated list NeutronTunnelIdRanges Ranges of GRE tunnel IDs that you want to make available for tenant network allocation. For example, NeutronTunnelIdRanges "1:1000" . string NeutronVniRanges Ranges of VXLAN VNI IDs that you want to make available for tenant network allocation. For example, NeutronVniRanges: "1:1000" . string NeutronEnableTunnelling Defines whether to enable or completely disable all tunnelled networks. Leave this enabled unless you are sure that you do not want to create tunnelled networks in future. The default value is true . Boolean NeutronNetworkVLANRanges The ML2 and Open vSwitch VLAN mapping range that you want to support. Defaults to permitting any VLAN on the datacentre physical network. To specify multiple values, use a comma separated list. For example, NeutronNetworkVLANRanges: "datacentre:1:1000,tenant:100:299,tenant:310:399" . string NeutronMechanismDrivers The mechanism drivers for the neutron tenant network. The default value is ovn . To specify multiple values, use a comma-separated string. For example, NeutronMechanismDrivers: 'openvswitch,l2population' . string / comma separated list 10.9. Example custom network environment file The following snippet is an example of an environment file that you can use to enable your NIC templates and set custom parameters. 10.10. Enabling network isolation with custom NICs To deploy the overcloud with network isolation and custom NIC templates, include all of the relevant networking environment files in the overcloud deployment command. Procedure When you run the openstack overcloud deploy command, include the following files: The custom network_data.yaml file. The rendered file name of the default network isolation. The rendered file name of the default network environment file. The custom environment network configuration that includes resource references to your custom NIC templates. Any additional environment files relevant to your configuration. For example: Include the network-isolation.yaml file first, then the network-environment.yaml file. The subsequent custom-network-configuration.yaml overrides the OS::TripleO::[ROLE]::Net::SoftwareConfig resources from the two files. If you use composable networks, include the network_data.yaml and roles_data.yaml files with this command.

Commands:
cd /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates ./tools/process-templates.py -o ~/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-rendered
./tools/process-templates.py -o ~/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-rendered -n /home/stack/network_data.yaml -r /home/stack/roles_data.yaml
cp -r ~/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates-rendered/network/config/multiple-nics/ ~/templates/custom-nics/
resources: OsNetConfigImpl: type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig properties: group: script config: str_replace: template: get_file: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/scripts/run-os-net-config.sh params: USDnetwork_config: network_config:
- type: interface name: nic2
- type: vlan vlan_id:{get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
- type: ovs_bond name: bond1 members: - type: interface name: nic2 - type: interface name: nic3
- type: ovs_bridge name: bridge_name addresses: - ip_netmask: list_join: - / - - {get_param: ControlPlaneIp} - {get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr} members: - type: interface name: interface_name - type: vlan device: bridge_name vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
- type: linux_bond name: bond1 members: - type: interface name: nic2 primary: true - type: interface name: nic3 bonding_options: "mode=802.3ad"
- type: linux_bridge name: bridge_name addresses: - ip_netmask: list_join: - / - - {get_param: ControlPlaneIp} - {get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr} members: - type: interface name: interface_name - type: vlan device: bridge_name vlan_id: {get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID} addresses: - ip_netmask: {get_param: ExternalIpSubnet}
- type: interface name: nic2 routes: - ip_netmask: 10.1.2.0/24 gateway_ip: 10.1.2.1
resources: OsNetConfigImpl: type: OS::Heat::SoftwareConfig properties: group: script config: str_replace: template: get_file: /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/network/scripts/run-os-net-config.sh params: USDnetwork_config: network_config: - type: interface name: nic1 mtu: get_param: ControlPlaneMtu use_dhcp: false addresses: - ip_netmask: list_join: - / - - get_param: ControlPlaneIp - get_param: ControlPlaneSubnetCidr routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: ControlPlaneStaticRoutes - type: ovs_bridge name: bridge_name dns_servers: get_param: DnsServers domain: get_param: DnsSearchDomains members: - type: ovs_bond name: bond1 mtu: get_attr: [MinViableMtu, value] ovs_options: get_param: BondInterfaceOvsOptions members: - type: interface name: nic2 mtu: get_attr: [MinViableMtu, value] primary: true - type: interface name: nic3 mtu: get_attr: [MinViableMtu, value] - type: vlan mtu: get_param: StorageMtu vlan_id: get_param: StorageNetworkVlanID addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: StorageIpSubnet routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: StorageInterfaceRoutes - type: vlan mtu: get_param: StorageMgmtMtu vlan_id: get_param: StorageMgmtNetworkVlanID addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: StorageMgmtIpSubnet routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: StorageMgmtInterfaceRoutes - type: vlan mtu: get_param: InternalApiMtu vlan_id: get_param: InternalApiNetworkVlanID addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: InternalApiIpSubnet routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: InternalApiInterfaceRoutes - type: vlan mtu: get_param: TenantMtu vlan_id: get_param: TenantNetworkVlanID addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: TenantIpSubnet routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: TenantInterfaceRoutes - type: vlan mtu: get_param: ExternalMtu vlan_id: get_param: ExternalNetworkVlanID addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: ExternalIpSubnet routes: list_concat_unique: - get_param: ExternalInterfaceRoutes - - default: true next_hop: get_param: ExternalInterfaceDefaultRoute
parameters: StorageBackupIpSubnet: default: '' description: IP address/subnet on the external network type: string
parameters: StorageBackupNetworkVlanID: default: 60 description: Vlan ID for the management network traffic. type: number StorageBackupDefaultRoute: description: The default route of the storage backup network. type: string
USDnetwork_config: network_config: - type: interface name: nic1 use_dhcp: false addresses: - ip_netmask: get_param: StorageBackupIpSubnet
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::Controller::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/custom-nics/controller.yaml
resource_registry: OS::TripleO::BlockStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/cinder-storage.yaml OS::TripleO::Compute::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/compute.yaml OS::TripleO::Controller::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/controller.yaml OS::TripleO::ObjectStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/swift-storage.yaml OS::TripleO::CephStorage::Net::SoftwareConfig: /home/stack/templates/nic-configs/ceph-storage.yaml parameter_defaults: # Gateway router for the provisioning network (or Undercloud IP) ControlPlaneDefaultRoute: 192.0.2.254 # Define the DNS servers (maximum 2) for the overcloud nodes DnsServers: ["8.8.8.8","8.8.4.4"] NeutronExternalNetworkBridge: "''"
openstack overcloud deploy --templates -n /home/stack/network_data.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-isolation.yaml -e /usr/share/openstack-tripleo-heat-templates/environments/network-environment.yaml -e /home/stack/templates/custom-network-configuration.yaml