Chapter 19. Using Kafka Exporter Kafka Exporter is an open source project to enhance monitoring of Apache Kafka brokers and clients. Kafka Exporter is provided with Streams for Apache Kafka for deployment with a Kafka cluster to extract additional metrics data from Kafka brokers related to offsets, consumer groups, consumer lag, and topics. The metrics data is used, for example, to help identify slow consumers. Lag data is exposed as Prometheus metrics, which can then be presented in Grafana for analysis. If you are already using Prometheus and Grafana for monitoring of built-in Kafka metrics, you can configure Prometheus to also scrape the Kafka Exporter Prometheus endpoint. Kafka exposes metrics through JMX, which can then be exported as Prometheus metrics. For more information, see Monitoring your cluster using JMX . 19.1. Consumer lag Consumer lag indicates the difference in the rate of production and consumption of messages. Specifically, consumer lag for a given consumer group indicates the delay between the last message in the partition and the message being currently picked up by that consumer. The lag reflects the position of the consumer offset in relation to the end of the partition log. This difference is sometimes referred to as the delta between the producer offset and consumer offset, the read and write positions in the Kafka broker topic partitions. Suppose a topic streams 100 messages a second. A lag of 1000 messages between the producer offset (the topic partition head) and the last offset the consumer has read means a 10-second delay. The importance of monitoring consumer lag For applications that rely on the processing of (near) real-time data, it is critical to monitor consumer lag to check that it does not become too big. The greater the lag becomes, the further the process moves from the real-time processing objective. Consumer lag, for example, might be a result of consuming too much old data that has not been purged, or through unplanned shutdowns. Reducing consumer lag Typical actions to reduce lag include: Scaling-up consumer groups by adding new consumers Increasing the retention time for a message to remain in a topic Adding more disk capacity to increase the message buffer Actions to reduce consumer lag depend on the underlying infrastructure and the use cases Streams for Apache Kafka is supporting. For instance, a lagging consumer is less likely to benefit from the broker being able to service a fetch request from its disk cache. And in certain cases, it might be acceptable to automatically drop messages until a consumer has caught up. 19.2. Kafka Exporter alerting rule examples The sample alert notification rules specific to Kafka Exporter are as follows: UnderReplicatedPartition An alert to warn that a topic is under-replicated and the broker is not replicating enough partitions. The default configuration is for an alert if there are one or more under-replicated partitions for a topic. The alert might signify that a Kafka instance is down or the Kafka cluster is overloaded. A planned restart of the Kafka broker may be required to restart the replication process. TooLargeConsumerGroupLag An alert to warn that the lag on a consumer group is too large for a specific topic partition. The default configuration is 1000 records. A large lag might indicate that consumers are too slow and are falling behind the producers. NoMessageForTooLong An alert to warn that a topic has not received messages for a period of time. The default configuration for the time period is 10 minutes. The delay might be a result of a configuration issue preventing a producer from publishing messages to the topic. You can adapt alerting rules according to your specific needs. Additional resources For more information about setting up alerting rules, see Configuration in the Prometheus documentation. 19.3. Kafka Exporter metrics Lag information is exposed by Kafka Exporter as Prometheus metrics for presentation in Grafana. Kafka Exporter exposes metrics data for brokers, topics, and consumer groups. Table 19.1. Broker metrics output Name Information kafka_brokers Number of brokers in the Kafka cluster Table 19.2. Topic metrics output Name Information kafka_topic_partitions Number of partitions for a topic kafka_topic_partition_current_offset Current topic partition offset for a broker kafka_topic_partition_oldest_offset Oldest topic partition offset for a broker kafka_topic_partition_in_sync_replica Number of in-sync replicas for a topic partition kafka_topic_partition_leader Leader broker ID of a topic partition kafka_topic_partition_leader_is_preferred Shows 1 if a topic partition is using the preferred broker kafka_topic_partition_replicas Number of replicas for this topic partition kafka_topic_partition_under_replicated_partition Shows 1 if a topic partition is under-replicated Table 19.3. Consumer group metrics output Name Information kafka_consumergroup_current_offset Current topic partition offset for a consumer group kafka_consumergroup_lag Current approximate lag for a consumer group at a topic partition 19.4. Running Kafka Exporter Run Kafka Exporter to expose Prometheus metrics for presentation in a Grafana dashboard. Download and install the Kafka Exporter package to use the Kafka Exporter with Streams for Apache Kafka. You need a Streams for Apache Kafka subscription to be able to download and install the package. Prerequisites Streams for Apache Kafka is installed on each host , and the configuration files are available. You have a subscription to Streams for Apache Kafka . This procedure assumes you already have access to a Grafana user interface and Prometheus is deployed and added as a data source. Procedure Install the Kafka Exporter package: dnf install kafka_exporter Verify the package has installed: dnf info kafka_exporter Run the Kafka Exporter using appropriate configuration parameter values: kafka_exporter --kafka.server=<kafka_bootstrap_address>:9092 --kafka.version=3.9.0 --<my_other_parameters> The parameters require a double-hyphen ( -- ) convention. The --kafka.server parameter specifies a hostname and port to connect to a Kafka instance. The --kafka.version parameter specifies the Kafka version to ensure compatibility. Use kafka_exporter --help for information on other available parameters. Configure Prometheus to monitor the Kafka Exporter metrics. For more information on configuring Prometheus, see the Prometheus documentation . Enable Grafana to present the Kafka Exporter metrics data exposed by Prometheus. For more information, see Presenting Kafka Exporter metrics in Grafana . Updating Kafka Exporter Use the latest version of Kafka Exporter with your Streams for Apache Kafka installation. To check for updates, use: dnf check-update To update Kafka Exporter, use: dnf update kafka_exporter 19.5. Presenting Kafka Exporter metrics in Grafana Using Kafka Exporter Prometheus metrics as a data source, you can create a dashboard of Grafana charts. For example, from the metrics you can create the following Grafana charts: Message in per second (from topics) Message in per minute (from topics) Lag by consumer group Messages consumed per minute (by consumer groups) When metrics data has been collected for some time, the Kafka Exporter charts are populated. Use the Grafana charts to analyze lag and to check if actions to reduce lag are having an impact on an affected consumer group. If, for example, Kafka brokers are adjusted to reduce lag, the dashboard will show the Lag by consumer group chart going down and the Messages consumed per minute chart going up. Additional resources Example dashboard for Kafka Exporter Grafana documentation

Commands:
dnf install kafka_exporter
dnf info kafka_exporter
kafka_exporter --kafka.server=<kafka_bootstrap_address>:9092 --kafka.version=3.9.0 --<my_other_parameters>
dnf check-update
dnf update kafka_exporter